UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
☐
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
☐
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report ______________
For the transition period from ____________ to ____________.
Commission file number 001-38866
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
ISRAEL
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
5 HaShalom Road, ToHa Tower
Tel Aviv 6789205, Israel
(Address of principal executive offices)
Jack Wakileh
Telephone: +972 (3) 612-8118
Tufin Software Technologies Ltd.
5 HaShalom Road, ToHa Tower
Tel Aviv6789205, Israel
(Name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.015 per share
TUFN
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None.
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: As
of December 31, 2021, the registrant had outstanding 37,851,120 ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.015 per share.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☐ No ☒
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the
past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be
submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated file, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See
definition of “large accelerated filer,” “ accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer ☐
Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use
the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on the attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over
financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit
report. ☐
Indicate by check mark which basis for accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financing statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP ☒
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International
Accounting Standards Board ☐
Other ☐
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction
1
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
1
PART I
Item 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
3
Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
3
Item 3.Key Information
3
Item 4.Information on the Company
32
Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments
41
Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
42
Item 6.Directors, Senior Management and Employees
57
Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
79
Item 8.Financial Information
82
Item 9.The Offer and Listing
83
Item 10.Additional Information
84
Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
97
Item 12.Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities
97
PART II
Item 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
98
Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
98
Item 15.Controls and Procedures
98
Item 16.[Reserved]
99
Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert
99
Item 16B.Code of Ethics
99
Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services
100
Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
100
Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
100
Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
100
Item 16G.Corporate Governance
101
Item 16H.Mine Safety Disclosure
101
Item 16I. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
101
PART III
Item 17.Financial Statements
101
Item 18.Financial Statements
101
Item 19.Exhibits
INTRODUCTION
In this annual report, the terms “Tufin,” “we,” “us,” “our” and “the company” refer to Tufin Software Technologies Ltd. and its subsidiaries.
Throughout this annual report, we refer to various trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in our business. The “Tufin” design logo is the property
of Tufin Software Technologies Ltd. Tufin® is our registered trademark in several countries, including the United States. We have several other trademarks,
service marks and pending applications relating to our products. In particular, although we have omitted the “®” and “™” trademark designations in this annual
report from each reference to Unified Security Policy, Tufin Orchestration Suite, SecureChange, SecureTrack, SecureApp and Tufin SecureCloud, all rights to
such trademarks are nevertheless reserved. Other trademarks and service marks appearing in this annual report are the property of their respective holders.
References in this annual report to “Global 2000” for either (i) the fiscal years ended on December 31, 2019 and 2020 or (ii) the fiscal year ended on December 31,
2021, are to the world’s 2,000 largest public companies as published by Forbes Media LLC according to its Forbes Global 2000: The World's Largest Public
Companies, June 2018 and June 2021, respectively.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND RISK FACTORS SUMMARY
We make forward-looking statements in this annual report that are subject to risks and uncertainties. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides
safe harbor protections for forward-looking statements in order to encourage companies to provide prospective information about their business. These forward-
looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, plans and
objectives. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “believe,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,”
“should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” “potential,” “will,” “likely,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. The statements we make
regarding the following matters are forward-looking by their nature and are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future performance, taking into
account the information currently available to us. These statements are only predictions based upon such current expectations and projections about future events.
Although we believe that our plans and objectives reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we may not achieve these plans or
objectives. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results,
levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include the principal risks relating to the
Company and its business described in “Part I, Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors,” which are also summarized below:
•
the successful management of our business model, as well as current and future growth, particularly with respect to the ongoing implementation of our
plans to transition to a term-based subscription license business model over time;
•
our intention to invest further in the Tufin Orchestration Suite to extend its functionality and features;
•
our expectations regarding sales of our cloud products;
•
competition we face in the security policy management market, and our potential lack of sufficient financial or other resources in order to maintain or
improve our competitive position;
•
our expectations regarding growth in the market for enterprise security and network management products;
•
our ability to compete and increase positive market awareness of our brand, particularly with respect to markets for security policy management;
•
our expectation that policy-centric, automated solutions will garner a growing share of enterprise security spend;
•
our expectations for growth in certain key verticals and geographic regions and our intention to expand international operations;
•
our expectations regarding sales driven by our relationships channel partners and our technology alliance partners through joint selling efforts and go-to-
market strategies;
•
customer relationships developed by our hybrid sales model, including our ability to acquire new customers and retain existing customers;
•
our dependence on a single third-party manufacturer to fulfill certain software license orders;
•
our expectations concerning seasonality and the predictability of our sales cycle;
•
our ability to align our future and past performance by continuing to generate sufficient revenues;
•
the compatibility and integration of our product and service offerings with customers’ existing technology infrastructures and applications;
1
•
our plans to deploy additional cloud-based subscription products and promote our brand over time, to enable more customers to consume our products
beyond our existing on-premise solutions;
•
our reliance on certain products and customers to generate revenue;
•
compliance, managerial and regulatory risks associated with international sales and operations;
•
the effect of any real or perceived shortcomings, defects or vulnerabilities in our solutions;
•
political conditions and economic downturns, particularly in areas where we operate;
•
the impact of COVID-19 on the budgets of our customers and on economic conditions generally;
•
the effect of cybersecurity threats or attacks on our technologies, products and services;
•
our compliance with laws, regulations and requirements in the jurisdictions where we operate, including with respect to with data protection and privacy
and export and import control requirements;
•
the outcome of certain litigation relating to our initial public offering;
•
our ability to adequately protect and defend our intellectual property and other proprietary rights;
•
our ability to effectively manage, invest in, train, grow and retain our sales force, research and development capabilities, marketing team and other key
personnel;
•
our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;
•
the volatility of our share price and active trading market for our shares;
•
political, economic, governmental and tax consequences associated with our incorporation and location in Israel;
•
our expectations regarding our tax classifications.
Some of these factors are discussed in more detail in this annual report, including under “Part I, Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors,” “Part I, Item 4.
Information on the Company” and “Part I, Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking
statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking
statements will be achieved or will occur. All forward-looking statements in this annual report speak as of the date of those statements. Except as required by law,
we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this annual report, to conform these statements to
actual results or to changes in our expectations.
2
PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
A.
[Reserved]
B.
Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C.
Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D.
Risk Factors
Our business faces significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this annual report and in our other filings with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission, (the” SEC”), including the following risk factors which we face and which are faced by our industry. If any of the following
risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our
ordinary shares would likely decline, and you might lose all or part of your investment. This annual report also contains forward-looking statements, as a result of
certain risk factors including the risks described below and elsewhere in this report and our other SEC filings. See also “Special Note Regarding Forward-
Looking Statements and Risk Factors Summary” on page 1 of this annual report.
3
Risks Related to our Business Strategy Transition
The ongoing transition in our business to a term-based subscription license model could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, operating
results and liquidity, if we fail to successfully manage this new model, including if we are unable to secure new customer subscriptions or subscription
renewals from existing customers.
In 2021, we announced our process of transitioning from a perpetual license business model to an on premises, term-based subscription license business model (a
“term-based subscription license business model”). We believe that a term-based subscription license model will benefit our financial results by increasing the
portion of our revenue that comes from recurring revenue over the long term, and charging higher prices for term-based licenses than we charge for the
maintenance renewal of perpetual licenses today, thereby increasing the average lifetime value we derive from our customers. We believe that such model reflects
the trend of a growing number of enterprises preferring to purchase software through subscription arrangements instead of perpetual license arrangements. While
as of the date of this annual report the initial phases of the transition have proven successful, it is uncertain whether the transition will continue to be successful and
meet the forecasts of our management and expectations of our investors.
Market acceptance of our products, the sustainability and the success of our term-based subscription license model is dependent on our ability to enhance
functionality and usability of our products to meet certain customer requirements while optimally pricing such products taking into consideration the competitive
landscape and customer demand.
This term-based subscription license business strategy may give rise to a number of risks, including the following:
•
our revenues and cash flows may fluctuate more than anticipated over the short and mid-term;
•
if new or current customers do not desire to consume our offerings under a subscription model, our subscription sales may lag behind our expectations;
•
the shift to a term-based subscription license model may raise concerns among new or existing customers, resellers and investors, including concerns with
respect to changes to pricing over time and access to our products once a given subscription has expired, which could slow adoption rates;
•
our success in maintaining or implementing our target pricing or new pricing models, product adoption and projected renewal rates, or selection of a
target price or new pricing model that is not optimal and could negatively affect our sales or earnings;
•
the shift to term-based subscription license may create a subscription pricing disadvantage against our competition and increase our loss rates against
competition;
•
our failure in implementing or maintaining adequate subscription-based pricing models could negatively affect adoption, renewal rates and our business
results.
•
if our customers do not renew their subscriptions or do not renew them on a timely basis, our revenues may decline and our business may suffer;
•
we may incur sales compensation costs at a higher than forecasted rate if the pace of our subscription transition is faster than anticipated;
•
we may see increased discounting behavior from our sales force and, if we are unable to monitor, prevent and manage such discounting behavior
successfully and in a timely manner, our business and financial results will be negatively affected;
•
our sales force may not be successful in selling under a term-based subscription license model, which may lead to increased sales headcount turnover
rates; and
•
investors, industry and financial analysts may have difficulties understanding the shift in our business model or interpret the transition to the term-based
subscription license model as having a negative impact on the Company’s value, resulting in changes in analysts’ financial analysis and impairment of the
Company’s valuation
4
After we will complete our transition from a perpetual license model to term-based subscription license model, the vast majority of our revenue will be recurring in
its nature and largely dependent on our customers renewing their subscription contracts. Our ability to grow our business is dependent, in part, on our current
customers renewing their existing subscriptions and our current and prospective customers purchasing additional solutions or services after the initial term of their
agreements. Though we maintain and analyze historical data with respect to rates of customer renewals and expansions, those rates may not accurately predict
future trends in renewal of certain products and services offered by us. If our customers cancel or amend their agreements with us during their term, do not renew
their agreements, renew on less favorable terms or do not purchase additional products or solutions during the relevant renewal periods, our revenue may grow
more slowly than expected or decline and our profitability may be harmed.
Additionally, we may experience some level of attrition with existing customers, which could lead to a fluctuation in subscription rates. Moreover, we could fail to
accurately predict our customer renewal rates. Following our transition to a term-based subscription license model, renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a
result of a number of factors, including the level of their satisfaction with our products and services, customer merger or acquisition activity, customer budgets, the
pricing of our products compared with those offered by our competitors, technology trends, the prevailing regulatory regime and general economic and market
conditions (including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic). If we are unable to obtain new subscriptions or our customers’ subscription renewals (either in
quantity or products) decline from their current levels, our revenue or revenue growth may decline, and our business may suffer.
We recognize revenue from a certain portion of our term-based subscription license sales over the terms of our customers’ agreements, which may be one year or
more. As a result, a portion of the revenue we report in each quarter is deferred revenue from customer agreements entered into during previous quarters.
Consequently, a decline in new or renewed client agreements in any one quarter will not be fully reflected in our revenue or our results of operations until future
periods. Accordingly, this revenue recognition model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through additional sales in any period, as
revenue from new clients must be recognized over the applicable subscription term.
If we are required to and fail to successfully manage any changes to our business model, including the transition of our sales to a term-based subscription
license sales model and associated services, our results of operations could be harmed.
In 2021, we announced our transition from a perpetual licenses business model to a term-based subscription license business model. This adjustment in our
business model to a term-based subscription license model required and continues to require a considerable investment of technical, financial, legal and sales
resources. As a result, we continue to face risks associated with new and complex implementations, some of which remain uncertain to us at this stage of the
implementation process, the cost of which may differ from our expectations. We have no assurance that our investments and changes to our operations will result
in the desired growth in our subscription revenue.
Our failure in transitioning our business model to be primarily term-based subscription may adversely affect valuation methods applied by investors and
analysts on our enterprise value.
Enterprise valuation methods may be applied differently to companies that are operating primarily under a subscription based recurring revenue model than
companies that are operating primarily under a perpetual license model. Investors and/or analysts applying valuation methods to our company under the
assumption that we will be successful with transitioning to a primarily term-based subscription license business model, may have to adversely revise their
valuations if we fail to achieve this transition in line with their expectations.
If our maintenance or professional services are not satisfactory to our customers, they may not renew their term-based subscription license or maintenance or
contracts, which could adversely affect our revenues and future results of operations, particularly with our transition to a term-based subscription license
business model, in which we will become significantly more dependent on renewals to meet our total revenue and profitability targets.
Our customers depend in a large part on customer support delivered through our channel partners or by us to resolve issues relating to the use of our solutions. Our
agreements with customers typically provide certain service level commitments, including with respect to initial response time for support. Our business relies on
our customers’ satisfaction with the technical maintenance and support and professional services we provide to support our products. Our term-based subscription
licenses (including the related maintenance and support) and our perpetual license related maintenance contracts are sold on a term basis, with terms spanning one
to three years. In order for us to maintain and improve our results of operations, it is important that our existing customers renew their maintenance and their term-
based subscription license contracts at equal or higher contract value when such terms expire. For example, our renewal rate for maintenance contracts associated
with perpetual license sales in each of the years ending December 31, 2020 and 2021 was approximately 90%. If we fail to maintain customer renewal rates for
term-based subscription licenses and perpetual license related maintenance and support contracts, our revenues and results of operations could be adversely
affected.
Our failure to effectively assist customers in deploying and integrating our solutions, may result in the dissatisfaction by our customers in using our products
effectively which may lead them to choose not to renew their term-based subscription license contracts or their maintenance and support contracts or to choose not
to purchase additional products and services from us. Accordingly, our failure to provide satisfactory professional services or sufficient software upgrades could
lead our customers not to renew their agreements with us or renew on terms less favorable to us resulting in a material and adverse effect on our business and
results of operations.
5
Operational Risks
Because we derive most of our revenues from sales of licenses and maintenance for SecureTrack, SecureChange, SecureApp and SecureCloud, which are all
part of the Tufin Orchestration Suite – the failure of these products to satisfy customers or to achieve increased market acceptance would adversely affect our
business.
In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, we generated most of our revenues from sales of licenses and maintenance for SecureTrack, SecureChange,
SecureApp and SecureCloud and the Tufin Marketplace apps. We expect to continue to derive a majority of our revenues from license and maintenance sales
relating to the Tufin Orchestration Suite in the future. As such, market acceptance of this suite of products is critical to our continued success. Demand for licenses
for the Tufin Orchestration Suite is affected by a number of factors, some of which are outside of our control, including continued market acceptance of our
software by our customers and potential customers, the viability of existing and new use cases, technological change and growth or contraction in our market. If we
are unable to continue to meet customer demands or to achieve more widespread market acceptance of our software, our business, operations, financial results and
growth prospects will be materially and adversely affected.
If we are unable to attract new customers, particularly large organizations, our future revenues and operating results will be harmed.
Our growth strategy is dependent, in part, on our ability to attract new customers, particularly large organizations, which we define as those comprising the Global
2000. For example, in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, large organizations accounted for 64% of our revenues, excluding maintenance renewals. The size
and number of customers that we add in a given period significantly and directly impact both our short-term and long-term revenues. If we are unable to attract a
sufficient number of new large organization customers or if we attract customers that place orders of an insufficient size, we may be unable to generate revenue
growth at desired rates. The security policy management market is competitive and we cannot guarantee that we will out-perform our competitors. In addition, in
many cases, our primary competitors are in-house, manual, spreadsheet-driven processes and home-grown approaches to security management. If potential
customers perceive these competitors as having products or services that are equivalent to, or have advantages over, our products and services, we may not be able
to add new customers at the levels we expect, or may need to spend more on research and development and sales and marketing efforts than we initially budgeted
for such efforts, or we may need to lower our prices or offer sales incentives to prospective customers. These competitive factors may have a material negative
impact on our future revenues and operating results.
Sales to large organizations involve risks that may not be present (or that are present to a lesser extent) with sales to smaller entities. These risks include:
•
increased purchasing power and leverage held by large organizations in negotiating contractual arrangements with us, including, in certain cases, clauses
that provide preferred pricing of configurations with similar specifications;
•
the timing of individual large sales, which in some cases have occurred in a quarter subsequent to those we anticipated, or have not occurred at all;
•
longer sales cycles and the associated risk that substantial time and resources may be spent on a potential customer that ultimately elects not to purchase
our products or purchases fewer products than we anticipated;
•
more stringent or costly requirements imposed upon us in our maintenance and professional services contracts with such customers, including stricter
response times and penalties for any failure to meet maintenance and professional services requirements;
•
more complicated and costly implementation processes and network infrastructure; and
•
closer relationships with, and increased dependence upon, large technology companies who may offer competing products and have stronger brand
recognition.
If we are unable to increase sales of our solutions and products to large organizations while mitigating the risks associated with serving such customers, our
business, results of operations, prospects and financial condition may suffer.
Our future growth also depends in part upon increasing our customer base, particularly those customers with potentially high customer lifetime values. Our ability
to achieve significant growth in revenues in the future will depend, in large part, upon the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts, both in the Americas
and EMEA, and our ability to attract new customers. If we fail to attract new customers and maintain and expand those customer relationships, our revenues may
be adversely affected, and our business will be harmed.
6
Our business depends substantially on our ability to retain existing customers and expand our offerings to them, and our failure to do so could harm future
results of operations.
We generate a significant portion of our revenues from sales to existing customers and our business depends substantially on our ability to retain customers and
expand our offerings to them. For example, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, we generated approximately 73.1% of our revenues, excluding
maintenance renewals, from sales to existing customers. We currently offer four products that comprise the Tufin Orchestration Suite: SecureTrack, SecureChange,
SecureApp and SecureCloud. The majority of our customers initially purchase SecureTrack to monitor part of their networks. Initial product deployments
frequently expand across departments, divisions and geographies and result in the purchase of additional products, such as SecureChange and SecureApp. We also
expect SecureCloud, which allows for visibility and control of the security posture in cloud-native and hybrid cloud environments, to contribute to our revenues
over time. During 2020, we introduced the Tufin Marketplace, where customers can find and deploy applications and extensions that enhance the overall value of
their Tufin security policy management implementations. A number of the applications in the Marketplace, including the Vulnerability Mitigation App, released in
July of 2020, require a paid license and are expected to generate revenue in the future.
The rate at which our existing customers purchase additional products and services depends on a number of factors, including the perceived need for additional IT
security, our customers’ IT budgets, the efficacy of our solutions, general economic conditions, (including with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic) our
customers’ overall satisfaction with our products and services (including their willingness to participate in our term-based subscription license model), and the
continued growth and economic health of our customer base. If our efforts to sell additional products and services to our customers are not successful, our future
revenues and operating results will be harmed.
Additionally, we devote significant efforts to developing and marketing product updates to existing customers and rely on these efforts for a portion of our
revenues. This requires a significant investment in building and maintaining customer relationships, as well as significant research and development efforts in order
to launch product updates and new products. Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to expand sales of our current product offerings to
existing customers, sell additional licenses for our current products to our existing customers and develop and sell new products to existing customers and receive
subscription and maintenance renewals.
We face competition in the security policy management market in which we operate, and we may lack sufficient financial or other resources to maintain or
improve our competitive position.
We face competition in the security policy management market in which we operate. In many cases, our primary competition is in-house, manual, spreadsheet
driven processes and home-grown approaches to security management, and we and our channel partners may not be successful in educating and familiarizing
potential customers with the value associated with our products and services. Our direct competitors include vendors such as AlgoSec, Inc., FireMon, LLC and
Skybox Security LLC, which offer solutions comparable to all or some of our products or product features. We also indirectly compete with large security
companies that offer a broad array of traditional security management solutions, such as Palo Alto Networks, Inc. and Cisco Systems, Inc., for a share of
enterprises’ IT security budgets.
Some of our competitors are large companies that have the technical and financial resources and broad customer bases and already have existing relationships as a
trusted vendor for other products. Such companies may use these advantages to offer products and services that are perceived to be as effective as ours at a lower
price or for free as part of a larger product package or solely in consideration for maintenance and professional services fees. As the security policy management
market grows, we expect competition to increase in the future from both existing competitors and new companies that may enter our markets. Some of our
competitors may develop different products that compete with our current solutions and respond more quickly and effectively than we do to new or changing
opportunities, technologies, standards or client requirements, including in cloud-native environments.
Organizations that use other products or home-grown tools may believe that these products or tools are sufficient to meet their security policy management needs
or that our products only serve the needs of a portion of the enterprise security market. Accordingly, these organizations may continue allocating their IT budgets
for other products, and may not adopt our products. Further, many organizations have invested substantial personnel and financial resources to design and operate
their networks and have established deep relationships with other providers of networking and security products. As a result, these organizations may prefer to
purchase from their existing suppliers rather than add or switch to a new supplier, such as us, regardless of product performance, features, or greater services
offerings or may be more willing to incrementally add solutions to their existing security infrastructure from existing suppliers than to replace it wholesale with our
solutions.
Our current and potential competitors may also establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources.
For instance, in February of 2020, a direct competitor of ours, AlgoSec, Inc., announced that they have entered into an agreement with Cisco Systems Inc. in which
AlgoSec’s products were listed in Cisco’s price list and can be sold by some of Cisco’s sales force, expanding AlgoSec’s potential market reach. Current or
potential competitors may be acquired by third parties with greater available resources. As a result of such acquisitions, our current or potential competitors might
be able to adapt more quickly to new technologies and customer needs, devote greater resources to the promotion or sale of their products and services, initiate or
withstand substantial price competition, take advantage of other opportunities more readily or develop and expand their product and service offerings more quickly
than we do.
7
If we fail to maintain successful relationships with our channel partners, or if our channel partners fail to perform, our ability to market, sell and distribute
our solutions will be limited, and our business, financial position and results of operations will be harmed.
We sell our products and services through our sales force, including our field sales team and our inside sales team, which works closely with our global network of
over 150 active channel partners as of December 31, 2021. Our channel partners include distributors and resellers, as well as service delivery partners that help
customers successfully deploy, configure, customize and maintain our products and services. Our channel partners fulfill orders constituting substantially all of our
revenues. Certain of our new customer leads are generated by our channel partners. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, our two largest channel
partners accounted for 15% and 15% of our revenues and 9% and 12% of our revenues, respectively. Our agreements with these channel partners provide that each
partner agrees to sell and distribute our products within certain territories for one year. These agreements are nonexclusive and non-transferable, and automatically
renew unless terminated by either party after providing prior written notice. As of December 31, 2021, three of our channel partners accounted for 10% or more of
our accounts receivable, accounting for an aggregate of 39% of our accounts receivable. Our engagements with these channel partners are generally based on
separate contractual relationships with different business units across multiple jurisdictions rather than on a single agreement.
As a result of this concentration, if a channel partner ceases to perform services for us, we may face disruptions in deploying solutions to our customers.
Additionally, we are exposed to the credit risk of our channel partners in the event they become insolvent while owing us payment. If our channel partners do not
effectively provide support to the satisfaction of our customers, we may be required to provide additional support to such customers, which would require us to
invest in additional personnel and may require us to devote significant time and resources and divert attention away from other customers or opportunities. If our
channel partners do not effectively market and sell our solutions, or choose to use greater efforts to market and sell the products and services of our competitors,
our ability to grow our business may be adversely affected.
Our relationships with channel partners have been, and could in the future be, terminated with little or no notice if they become subject to bankruptcy or other
similar proceedings. The loss of our major channel partners, the inability to replace them or the failure to recruit additional channel partners could materially and
adversely affect our results of operations. If we are unable to maintain our relationship with channel partners or otherwise develop and expand our sales channels,
or if our channel partners fail to perform, our business, financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We depend on a single third-party hardware manufacturer for the hardware that we use to fulfill certain orders for our software licenses, and delays or
disruptions in fulfilling such orders could materially and adversely impact our operations.
We depend on a single third-party manufacturer to supply the computer hardware on which our licensed software is installed for certain customers. Specifically,
when placing an order, a customer may elect to download our software onto its own computer hardware that meets our specifications or to purchase computer
hardware from us with our software pre-installed. In the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, transactions in which customers purchased software pre-
installed on computer hardware that we supplied accounted for 21% and 22%, respectively, of our sales. Our computer hardware supplier fulfills our requirements
on a purchase order basis and we hold only limited inventory. We do not have a long-term contract with the supplier that guarantees capacity or the continuation of
particular pricing terms. There are alternative suppliers for the computer hardware, but that hardware would initially not be optimized for our software.
In addition, continuation or exacerbation of the global supply chain challenges, whether resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic or for reasons otherwise
unrelated, may impact our ability to forecast and control hardware costs. For instance, given our dependency on a single third-party manufacturer, our operations
may be adversely affected by disruptions or delays to the supply chain resulting from temporary closures of our manufacturer’s facilities, spikes in demand for our
manufacturer’s services from other customers, interruptions in product supply or insufficient supply of relevant component parts, restrictions on export or shipment
or disruptions in product fulfillment due to closure or delays of our manufacturer’s delivery process. Furthermore, in the event of a disruption in supply, we would
need to inform customers with pending orders regarding the change in hardware and offer them the choice of supplying their own hardware or using alternate
hardware that we would supply, both of which may cause delays in the timely fulfillment of their orders. This could have a material adverse effect on our business
and results of operations.
8
Our sales cycle is long and unpredictable, which may cause significant fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations.
The timing of our sales and related revenue recognition is difficult to predict because of the length and unpredictability of the sales cycle for our products and
services. We and our channel partners often spend significant time and resources to better educate and familiarize potential customers with the value proposition of
our products and solutions. Our sales cycle usually lasts several months from proof of concept to purchase order from our customers, and it is often even longer,
less predictable and more resource-intensive for larger transactions. Customers may also require additional internal approvals or seek to test our products for a
longer trial period before deciding to purchase our solutions. Furthermore, even if we close a large transaction during a given quarter, we may be unable to
recognize the revenues derived from such a transaction due to our revenue recognition policy. See “Item 5.A. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—
Operating Results—Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Revenue Recognition.”
In addition, in the past, customers have deferred significant purchases to the last quarter of the year when they can determine what amount of their annual budget
remains unused. As a result, the timing of individual sales can be difficult to predict. We generally expect an increase in business activity as we approach our fiscal
year end in December, driven by our customers’ buying patterns. We believe that these seasonal trends will continue to affect our quarterly results. Large
individual sales have, in some cases, occurred in quarters subsequent to those we anticipated or have not occurred at all. The loss or delay of one or more large
transactions in a quarter could impact our anticipated results from operations for that quarter and future quarters for which revenues from those transactions are
delayed. We may not be able to accurately predict or forecast the timing of sales, which has caused and could again cause our results to vary significantly from our
expectations and the expectations of market analysts. In addition, we might devote substantial time and effort to a particular unsuccessful sales effort, and as a
result we could lose other sales opportunities or incur expenses that are not offset by an increase in revenue, which could harm our business.
The recent increase to our revenue may not be indicative of our future performance.
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, our revenues were $100.8 million and $110.9 million, respectively, representing a year-over-year increase of
10%. Our revenue growth may not be indicative of our future performance and we may not return to our growth rate trajectory reported prior to the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2019. Factors that could impact our ability to return to significant revenue growth include the impact of COVID-19 on customer demand for
our products and services, the unsuccessful transition to a term-based subscription license business model, our ability to increase the size or efficiency of our sales
force, our ability to achieve repeat purchases by existing customers, our ability to successfully compete with other companies and the extent to which we are
successful in securing large-scale deployments, particularly among our large, Global 2000 customers. If we are unable to increase revenues, our share price could
experience volatility, and our ability to achieve and maintain profitability could be adversely affected.
Our business and operations have slowed down in relation to recent periods of growth, and if we do not appropriately manage our current business and
operations, our results of operations may not return to previous growth rates and outputs.
During previous fiscal periods, we experienced growth that placed significant demands on our management, administrative, operational and financial
infrastructure. During the year end December 31, 2021, we were required to adapt to a variety of challenging economic conditions, including COVID-19, as well
as increasing recruitment efforts initiated by competitors, threatening both our ability to maintain current talent and hire potential talent. Specifically, as of
December 31, 2021, we had 542 employees and contractors compared to 533 as of December 31, 2020. While we expect that the completion of our transition to a
term-based subscription license business model will have a positive impact on our business in the long term, we cannot guarantee that our business and operations
will return to the growth rates experienced in previous fiscal periods.
Our success will depend in part upon, among other things, our ability to manage and increase the productivity of our existing employees, particularly our sales
force, and hire, train, and manage new employees and expand our network of channel partners. To manage the domestic and international growth of our operations
and personnel, we will need maintain or to continue to improve our operational, financial, and management controls, as well as our reporting processes and
procedures.
These additional investments will increase our operating costs, which will make it more difficult for us to offset any future revenue shortfalls by reducing expenses
in the short term. We may not be able to successfully acquire or implement these or other improvements to our systems and processes in an efficient or timely
manner, or once implemented, we may discover deficiencies in their capabilities or effectiveness. We may experience difficulties in managing improvements to
our systems and processes or in integrating with third-party technology. In addition, our systems and processes may fail to prevent or detect errors, omissions or
fraud. Our failure to improve our systems and processes, or their failure to operate effectively and in the intended manner, may result in the disruption of our
current operations and customer relationships, our inability to manage the growth of our business and our inability to accurately forecast and report our revenues,
expenses and earnings, any of which may materially harm our business, results of operations, prospects and financial condition.
We have a history of losses, and we may not be able to generate sufficient revenues to achieve and sustain profitability.
We have incurred net losses in each period since our inception, including net losses of $35.4 million and $36.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and
2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, our accumulated deficit was $140.8 million. We expect our operating expenses to increase significantly as we
continue to expand our sales and marketing efforts, in part, by building our sales force, continuing to devote significant research and development resources to
develop our solutions and continuing to expand our operations in existing and new geographies and vertical markets. In addition, as we transition to a term-based
subscription license business model, our revenues and cash flows may fluctuate more than anticipated over the short-term. We cannot assure investors that we will
achieve profitability in the future or that, if we do become profitable, we will be able to sustain profitability.
9
If third-party applications and network products change such that we do not or cannot maintain the compatibility of our products and solutions with these
third-party applications and products, or if we fail to provide integrations that our customers desire, demand for our solutions and products could decline.
The attractiveness of our products depends, in part, on our ability to integrate with third-party applications and network products that our customers use or desire to
use. Third-party providers may change the features of their applications and platforms or alter the terms governing use of their applications and platforms in an
adverse manner. Further, third-party application providers may refuse to partner with us, or limit or restrict our access to their applications and platforms. Such
changes could functionally limit or terminate our ability to use these third-party applications and systems with our products, which could negatively impact our
offerings and harm our business. If we fail to integrate our products with new third-party applications that our customers desire, or to adapt to the requirements of
such third-party applications and platforms, we may not be able to offer the functionality that our customers expect, which would negatively impact our ability to
retain current customers or obtain new customers. As a result, our offerings and, consequently, our business, could be adversely harmed.
If our products and services do not effectively interoperate with our customers’ existing or future IT infrastructures, deployments and integrations could be
delayed or canceled, which would harm our business.
Our products and services must effectively interoperate with our customers’ existing or future IT infrastructure, which often has different specifications, utilizes
multiple protocol standards, deploys products from multiple vendors and contains multiple generations of products that have been added over time. As a result,
when problems occur in a network, it may be difficult to identify the sources of these problems. If we find errors in the existing software or defects in the hardware
used in our customers’ infrastructure or problematic network configurations or settings, we may have to modify and improve our software so that our products will
integrate with our customers’ infrastructure. In such cases, our products may be unable to support some of the configurations or protocols used in our customers’
infrastructure. These issues could cause longer deployment and integration times for our products and could cause order cancelations, either of which would
adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, any changes in our customers’ IT infrastructure that degrade the
functionality of our products or services but which are better supported by competitive software, could adversely affect the adoption and usage of our products.
If we are unable to increase market awareness of our company and our solutions, or fail to successfully promote or protect our brand, our competitive market
position and revenues may not continue to grow or may decline.
We believe that improved awareness of our brand and the value proposition of our solutions will be essential to our continued growth and our success. Many
factors, some of which are beyond our control, are important to maintaining and enhancing our brand, including our ability to increase awareness among existing
and potential channels partners through various means of marketing and promotional activities. For example, as a result of various restrictions implemented by
governments across the globe as a response to COVID-19, we were compelled to adjust the way in which we market and sell our products, either by way of virtual
conferences or otherwise. We cannot guarantee that we will be successful in our transition to a more virtually-inclined marketing and sales model, and if
unsuccessful our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. If our marketing efforts are unsuccessful in improving market awareness of our
brand and our solutions, then our business, results of operations, prospects, and financial condition will be adversely affected, and we will not be able to achieve
sustained growth.
Moreover, due to the intensely competitive nature of our market, we believe that building and maintaining our brand and reputation is critical to our success and
that the importance of positive brand recognition will increase as competition in our market may further intensify. While we believe that we are successfully
building a well-established brand and have invested and expect to continue to invest substantial resources to promote and maintain our brand, both domestically
and internationally, there can be no assurances that our brand development strategies will enhance our reputation or brand recognition or lead to increased revenue.
Furthermore, an increasing number of independent industry analysts and researchers, such as Gartner, IDC and 451 Research LLC, regularly evaluate, compare and
publish reviews regarding the functionality of security products and services, including our solutions. These reviews may significantly influence the market
perception of our solutions. We do not have any control over the content of these independent industry analysts and researchers’ reports, and our reputation and
brand could be harmed if they publish negative reviews of our solutions or do not view us as a market leader. The strength of our brand may also be negatively
impacted by our competitors’ marketing efforts, which may include incomplete, inaccurate and misleading statements about our business, products and services. If
we are unable to maintain a strong brand and reputation, sales to new and existing customers could be adversely affected, and our financial performance could be
harmed.
Our business and reputation could be harmed based on real or perceived shortcomings, defects or vulnerabilities in our solutions or the failure of our solutions
to meet customers’ expectations.
Our products are designed to assist customers in the management of their IT networks, enhance visibility and control across their networks, ensure compliance with
security standards and embed security enforcement into their workstreams. However, despite the implementation of security measures, the solutions we sell to
customers, including our cloud-based solutions, could contain vulnerabilities that are not capable of being remedied or detected until after their deployment. If we
fail to update our products to remedy, detect or prevent such threats, our business and reputation will suffer. Moreover, as our solutions are adopted by an
increasing number of enterprises and governmental entities, including the U.S. federal government, cyberattacks may focus on finding ways to defeat our solutions.
The data stored in our products’ database is highly sensitive, and includes our customers’ current enterprise-wide network configuration and security policies. If
our products’ security configuration is breached, this data could be used by malicious actors, including external hackers and rogue employees within our
customers’ organizations, to plan how they could effectively traverse our customers’ networks and gain unauthorized access to critical systems and data. A breach
or theft of our customers’ sensitive business data, regardless of whether the breach or theft is attributable to the failure of our products, could adversely affect the
market’s perception of the efficacy of our solutions and current or potential customers may look to our competitors for alternatives to our solutions. The failure of
our products may also subject us to lawsuits and financial losses stemming from indemnification of our partners and other third parties, as well as the expenditure
of significant financial resources to analyze, correct or eliminate any vulnerabilities. Although we seek to limit our financial exposure in such circumstances
through caps on our indemnification obligations to customers, customers may litigate the enforceability of such caps and it is possible that such litigation may be
successful in certain circumstances. Any such event could also cause us to suffer reputational harm, lose existing customers or deter them from purchasing
additional products and services and prevent new customers from purchasing our solutions.
10
Our increasing focus on expanding security policy management to cloud-native environments presents execution and competitive risks.
While many organizations see the cloud as a scalable extension of their existing data center, some are adopting the DevOps approach to cloud application
development. Pricing and delivery models in the cloud are evolving. Different usage models and network security architectures in the cloud influence customers’
choice of cloud-based security products. Our ecosystem must continue to evolve with this changing environment. We plan to devote significant resources to
develop and deploy our cloud-based capabilities. Unlike traditional enterprise applications, in which every connectivity change is controlled and managed by IT, in
cloud-native environments, the developers and DevOps engineers have administrative rights over some of the infrastructure. The connectivity decisions and
changes made by developers in cloud-native applications can have an immediate impact on the organization’s security posture, with little or no oversight by the
security team. Our success in developing cloud-native solutions is connected with the fragmentation of enterprise networks between on-premise networks and the
cloud environment, the growing use of cloud infrastructure and cloud-native development environments and the level of adoption of cloud platforms such as such
as Google Cloud, Amazon Web Services, or AWS and Microsoft Azure.
We may not establish sufficient market share to achieve the scale necessary to achieve our business objectives. If we are not effective in executing organizational
and technical changes to increase efficiency and accelerate innovation, or if we fail to generate sufficient usage of our new products and services, we may not grow
revenues in line with the infrastructure and development investments described above.
Our business depends, in part, on sales to the public sector, and significant changes in the contracting or fiscal policies of the public sector could have an
adverse effect on our business.
We derive a portion of our revenues from sales of our solutions to federal, state, local and foreign governments, and we believe that the success and growth of our
business will continue to depend in part on our successful procurement of government contracts. Factors that could impede our ability to maintain or increase the
amount of revenues derived from government contracts include:
•
changes in fiscal or contracting policies;
•
decreases in available government funding;
•
changes in government programs or applicable requirements;
•
the adoption of new laws or regulations or changes to existing laws or regulations; and
•
potential delays or changes in the government appropriations or other funding authorization processes.
The occurrence of any of the foregoing could cause governments and governmental agencies to delay or refrain from purchasing our solutions or otherwise have an
adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
11
We are subject to a number of risks associated with international sales and operations.
We operate a global business with offices located primarily in Israel and the United States. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we generated 51.3%, 42.3% and
6.4% of our revenues from customers in the Americas, EMEA and APAC, respectively. Business practices in the international markets that we serve may differ
from those in the United States and may require us to include non-standard terms in customer contracts, such as extended payment or warranty terms. To the extent
that we enter into customer contracts that include non-standard terms related to payment, warranties, or performance obligations, our results of operations may be
adversely impacted.
Additionally, our international sales and operations are subject to a number of risks, including the following:
•
greater difficulty in enforcing contracts and managing collections, as well as longer collection periods;
•
higher costs of doing business internationally, including costs incurred in establishing and maintaining office space and equipment for our international
operations;
•
management communication and integration problems resulting from cultural and geographic dispersion;
•
risks associated with trade restrictions and foreign legal requirements, including any importation, certification, and localization of our products that may
be required in foreign countries;
•
greater risk of unexpected changes in regulatory practices, tariffs and tax laws and treaties;
•
compliance with anti-bribery laws, including, without limitation, compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the bribery sections of the
Israeli Penal Law, 5737-1977 and the U.K. Bribery Act;
•
heightened risk of unfair or corrupt business practices in certain geographies and of improper or fraudulent sales arrangements that may impact financial
results and result in restatements of, or irregularities in, financial statements;
•
the uncertainty of protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
•
fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
•
general political and economic conditions, including due to the impact of COVID-19, in these foreign markets; and
•
double taxation of our international earnings and potentially adverse tax consequences due to changes in the tax laws of the United States, Israel or the
other jurisdictions in which we operate.
These and other factors could harm our ability to generate future international revenues and, consequently, materially impact our business, results of operations and
financial condition.
12
Economic and External Risks
The security policy management market is rapidly evolving and difficult to predict. If the market does not continue to develop as we anticipate or if our target
customers do not adopt our solutions, our revenues may not grow as expected and our share price may decline.
We believe our future success depends in large part on growth in the security policy management market in which we compete. The security policy management
market is subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and a shift in the enforcement or scope of regulations to which our customers are
subject, as well as changing customer needs, requirements and preferences. As such, it is difficult to predict important market trends, including potential growth.
For example, organizations that currently use homegrown tools may believe that they already have sufficient security policy management products. Therefore, such
organizations may allocate all or most of their network infrastructure budgets on other products and may not adopt our solutions in addition to or in lieu of other
existing solutions. If the security policy management market does not continue to develop in the way we anticipate or if organizations do not recognize the benefits
our solutions offer in addition to or in place of other existing solutions, then our revenues may not grow as expected and our share price could decline.
COVID-19, including the efforts to mitigate its impact, have, and may continue to have, an impact on our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial
condition and price of our securities.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the measures designed to contain and mitigate its effects, have had and will likely continue to have an impact on our
business and operations, as well as the operations of our customers. Current efforts to contain or mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and its variants include
governmental mandates or voluntary elections taken by companies as preventative measures (e.g. travel restrictions, work from home and quarantine
requirements). In the event future variants emerge and trigger additional restrictions and other preventative measures, such efforts may contribute to an economic
downturn, which could decrease consumer spending on our products and services, as well as impact our ability to expand our customer base or provide additional
services to our current customers.
In response to the foregoing COVID-19 restrictions and as part of our ongoing effort to remain operational, we previously implemented, and continue to
implement, a hybrid remote work arrangement where we maintain a limited onsite presence in our offices worldwide. To date, we believe such remote work has
not had a material adverse impact on our productivity, business and operations. However, due to the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, prolonging
remote work arrangements could cause interruptions to our business continuity and the timing and execution of our business plans as well as our ability to provide
our customers effectively and timely with our services, particularly if such arrangements become ineffective or if there is a natural disaster, power outage,
connectivity issue, technology failure or other event that would inhibit the ability of our employees to work remotely. Furthermore, the increase in remote work
arrangements has heightened the risk of cybersecurity incidents, data breaches or cyber-attacks in the jurisdictions where we operate. Any such incident, breach or
attack that occurs with respect to, or is directed at us could have a materially adverse effect due to, among other things, the loss of proprietary data, interruptions or
delays in our operations, damage to our reputation and any government-imposed penalties. In addition, continuous remote work arrangements could result in
increased turnover or make it more difficult to train new employees. For more information, see “Our ability to enhance our products may be harmed if we are
unable to attract and retain sufficient research and development personnel and other highly-skilled engineers, and if we are unable to generate an adequate return
on our investment in research and development.”
The full impact of COVID-19 on our business and future performance is uncertain due to, among other factors, the emergence and spread of COVID-19 variants,
vaccine administration rates and the efficacy of government policies. While our revenues increased in the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year
ended December 31, 2020, the occurrence of any of these factors could produce future adverse effects by making it more difficult for us to attract new customers
and expand within our existing customer base. A prolonged pandemic could also result in extended customer sales cycles; reduced demand for our products and
services; lower renewal rates; delayed spending on, or reduced payment frequencies with respect to, our solutions; lower revenue from new customers; or
impairment of our ability to collect accounts receivable. We will continue to evaluate our financial position and take the appropriate measures, as necessary, in
light of future developments relating to COVID-19.
13
Estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth included in this annual report and in our public disclosures may prove to be inaccurate.
Growth forecasts included in this annual report and in our public disclosures relating to our market opportunity and the expected growth in the security policy
management market, which are subject to significant uncertainty, may prove to be inaccurate. We believe our policy management and automation functionalities
define a new market, and we are not aware of any third-party research that accurately defines the scope of our directly addressable opportunity. As such, in early
2019 we estimated the market size using third-party data and, when third-party data was not available, internal estimates. We segment enterprises based on our
estimates of their network infrastructure size and their need for our solutions across their networks, and apply an average annual billings figure per segment based
on an estimated prior five years of inventory, resulting in an estimated directly addressable market of $10.3 billion, which includes on-premise firewalls, private
cloud and public cloud orchestration segments.
The addressable market we estimate may not materialize for many years. Even if the markets in which we compete meet the size estimates and growth forecast in
this annual report or in our public disclosures, our business could fail to grow at similar rates. Our growth is subject to many factors, including our success in
implementing our business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts of market growth included in this annual report or
in our public disclosures are not indicative of our future growth.
Our investment portfolio may be adversely affected by market conditions and interest rates.
We maintain substantial balances of liquid investments for operational and general corporate purposes. Our marketable securities amounted to $41.7 million as of
December 31, 2021, of total $89.4 million of cash and cash equivalents, restricted bank deposits, short-term marketable securities and long-term marketable
securities. Our investments in marketable securities might be negatively affected by liquidity, credit deterioration, financial results and interest rate fluctuations, as
well as other factors which may be impacted by market downturns or events that affect global financial markets. We generally buy and hold our marketable
securities portfolio with the objective to minimize the potential risk of principal loss. Our investment policy sets limits for minimum credit rating and maximum
concentration per issuer, as well as maximum time to maturity. Our investments consist primarily of government and corporate debentures.
Although we believe that we generally adhere to conservative investment guidelines, the continuing uncertainty in the financial markets, including due to COVID-
19 and its impacts on global economic conditions, may result in impairments of the carrying value of our investment assets. Any significant decline in our financial
income or the value of our investments as a result of the changes in interest rates and interest rate expectations of the financial markets, deterioration in the credit
rating of the securities in which we have invested, or general market conditions, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Prolonged economic uncertainties or downturns could negatively impact our customers’ businesses and cause them to reduce their spending on security policy
management, which could impact our ability to sell our products and services, reduce our revenues and materially adversely affect our business.
Our business depends on our current and prospective customers’ ability and willingness to invest money in security policy management, which in turn is dependent
upon their overall economic health. Negative economic conditions in the global economy, particularly in the United States and the EMEA, could cause a decrease
in business investments, including corporate spending on security software and adversely impact the security policy management market and, therefore, our ability
to grow our business. These conditions include, for instance, those resulting from COVID-19, changes in gross domestic product growth, potential future
government shutdowns or restrictions, financial and credit market fluctuations or the unavailability of credit. The Americas accounted for the majority of our
revenues in each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021. EMEA also accounted for a significant portion of our revenues in each of the fiscal
years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, with revenues generated in Germany 29% and 30%, respectively, of EMEA revenues. Economic downturns and
geopolitical challenges in the Americas, EMEA or certain other parts of the world critical to our operations may cause our customers in those locations to
reevaluate decisions to purchase our solutions or to delay or reduce their technology purchasing decisions, which could adversely impact our results of
operations. For instance, rising tensions between Russia and Ukraine, recently resulting in Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and the possibility of retaliatory measures
taken by the U.S. and NATO have created global security concerns that could have a lasting adverse impact on regional and global economies, and in turn, on our
customers’ decision to purchase our products.
In addition, a significant portion of our revenues is generated from customers in the financial services industry, including banking and insurance, as well as the
telecommunications industry. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, we generated approximately 48% and 45%, respectively, of our revenues
from customers in the financial services and telecommunications industries. Negative economic conditions may cause customers in those industries to reduce or
delay their IT spending. Customers may delay or cancel IT projects, choose to focus on in-house development efforts or seek to lower their costs by renegotiating
maintenance and support agreements. To the extent our current and potential customers consider purchases of licenses for our software to be discretionary and
choose to delay or reduce their IT spending, our revenues could be disproportionately affected.
14
Legal, Regulatory and Security Risks
Our business and reputation could be harmed if cybersecurity risks materialize.
Our customers face increasingly sophisticated and targeted cyberthreats, including as a result of the increase in remote working arrangements due to COVID-19.
Many of our enterprise customers are experiencing more cyberthreats as enterprise networks are becoming increasingly fragmented with firewalls from different
vendors, public and private clouds and microservices in containers.
Security risks include, but are not limited to, unauthorized use or disclosure of customer data, theft of proprietary information, theft of intellectual property, theft of
Personal Identifiable Information (PII), theft of financial data and financial reports, loss or corruption of customer data and computer hacking attacks or other
cyberattacks. While our products and services specifically aim to offer solutions to these risks, they may nevertheless contain vulnerabilities to such threats, which
are a growing and evolving risk and are often difficult or impossible to detect for long periods of time or to successfully defend against.
Successful attacks, whether through external or internal actors, could harm the confidentiality, integrity and availability of personal data and other sensitive
information, as well as the integrity and availability of our systems, products and services in a manner that could materially and adversely affect our business.
Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a
target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Efforts to implement preventative measures could require
us to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate the problem and to improve technologies, impair our ability to provide services to our customers
and protect the privacy of their data, result in product development delays, compromise confidential or technical business information, harm our competitive
position, result in theft or misuse of our intellectual property or other assets and expose us to substantial litigation expenses and damages, indemnity and other
contractual obligations, government fines and penalties, mitigation expenses, costs for remediation and incentives offered to affected parties, including customers,
other business partners and employees, in an effort to maintain business relationships after a breach or other incident, and other liabilities. In addition, such a
security breach could impair our ability to operate our business, including our ability to provide maintenance and support services to our customers. If this happens,
our revenues could decline and our business could suffer. In addition, if we suffer a highly publicized security breach, even if our products and solutions perform
effectively, such a breach could cause us to suffer reputational harm, lose existing commercial relationships and customers or deter customers from purchasing
additional solutions and prevent new customers from purchasing our solutions. We are continuously working to improve our IT systems, products and services,
together with creating security boundaries around our critical and sensitive assets. We provide advanced security awareness training to our employees and
contractors that focuses on various aspects of the cybersecurity world. All of these steps are taken in order to mitigate the risk of attack and to ensure our readiness
to responsibly handle any security violation or attack. However, because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently
and generally are not recognized until successfully launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate
preventative measures.
We have experienced and expect to continue to experience attempted cyberattacks on our IT systems or networks. To date, none of these attempted cyberattacks
has had a material effect on our operations or financial condition. While we devote significant resources to network security, data encryption and other security
measures to protect our systems and data, including our own proprietary information and the confidential and personally identifiable information of our customers,
employees and channel partners, these measures cannot provide absolute security.
We are subject to data protection and privacy laws, regulations, standards, and contractual obligations, the breach of which could subject us to fines and harm
our reputation.
We are subject to an expanding number of domestic, international and contractual legal requirements regarding privacy, personal data rights and data protection
(“Applicable Data Obligations“). The Applicable Data Obligations continue to evolve and address a range of issues, including restrictions or technological
requirements regarding the collection, use, storage, protection, retention, and transfer of personal data. Violation of the Applicable Data Obligations could result in
substantial fines, penalties and related defense costs. For example, the GDPR provides for penalties that could reach up to20 million Euros, or in the case of an
undertaking, up to 4% of a company’s global turnover of the preceding year for the most serious violations, as well as the right to compensation for financial or
non-financial damages claimed by individuals under Article 82 of the GDPR.
Additionally, we are also subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which came into effect in January 2020 and imposes heightened transparency
obligations, adds restrictions on the “sale” of personal information, and creates new data privacy rights for California residents and carries significant enforcement
penalties for non-compliance. The California Attorney General enforces the CCPA and can seek an injunction and civil penalties up to $7,500 per intentional
violation and $2,500 per other violation. The CCPA also provides California consumers a private right of action for certain data breaches where they can recover
up to $750 per incident, per consumer or actual damages, whichever is greater, and which is expected to increase data breach litigation. The CCPA may require us
to modify our data practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in order to comply.
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On November 3, 2020, California voters passed the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”) into law, which will take effect in January 2023 and will significantly
modify the CCPA, potentially resulting in further uncertainty and requiring us to incur additional costs and expenses in an effort to comply. More generally, some
observers have noted the CCPA and CPRA could mark the beginning of a trend toward more stringent U.S. federal privacy legislation, which could increase our
potential liability and adversely affect our business.
In addition, we are subject to the Israeli Privacy Protection Law 5741-1981 (the “PPL”), and its regulations, including the Israeli Privacy Protection Regulations
(Data Security) 2017 (“Data Security Regulations”, and collectively ”Israeli Law”), which impose obligations with respect to the manner personal data is
processed, maintained, transferred, disclosed, accessed and secured, as well as the guidelines of the Israeli Privacy Protection Authority. Failure to comply with the
Israeli Law may expose us to administrative fines, civil claims (including class actions), and in certain exceptional and unusual circumstances, criminal liability.
The Israeli Privacy Protection Authority may initiate administrative inspection proceedings, from time to time, without any suspicion of any particular breach of
the PPL, as the Authority has done in the past with respect to dozens of Israeli organizations in various sectors. In addition, to the extent that any administrative
supervision procedure is initiated by the Israeli Privacy Protection Authority that reveals certain irregularities with respect to our compliance with the PPL, in
addition to our exposure to administrative fines, civil claims (including class actions) and in certain cases criminal liability, we may also need to take certain
remedial actions to rectify such irregularities, which may increase our costs.
Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our posted privacy policies, our privacy-related obligations to users or other third parties, or any other legal
obligations or regulatory requirements relating to privacy, data protection, or data security, may result in governmental investigations or enforcement actions,
litigation, claims, or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others and could result in significant liability, cause our users to lose trust in us,
and otherwise materially and adversely affect our reputation and business.
These and other legal requirements may be interpreted and enforced in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing practices or the features of our products and
services. We may also be subject to claims of liability or responsibility for the actions of third parties with whom we interact or upon whom we rely in relation to
various products and services, including our channel partners. In addition to the possibility of our being subject to enforcement actions, fines, lawsuits and other
claims with respect to these and other legal requirements, we could be required to fundamentally change our business activities and practices or modify our
products and services, which could have an adverse effect on our business. Any inability to adequately address customer privacy and data protection concerns,
even if unfounded, or to comply with Applicable Data Obligations, could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit sales and
adversely affect our business.
Our use of open source software could negatively affect our ability to sell our software and subject us to possible litigation.
We use open source software in our products and our development environments and expect to continue to use open source software in the future. Open source
software is typically provided without warranties or assurances of any kind. Some open source licenses contain requirements that the users of such software make
available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the open source software used, and many open source licenses include provisions
that have not been interpreted by the courts. We monitor and control our use of open source software in an effort to avoid unanticipated conditions or restrictions
on our ability to successfully commercialize our products and solutions. We believe that our compliance with the obligations under the various applicable licenses
has mitigated the risks that we would trigger any such conditions or restrictions. However, such use may have inadvertently occurred in the development and
offering of our products and solutions. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner that is not intended under our policies
or monitoring practices, we could, under certain open source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software to the public. This would
allow our competitors to create similar products quickly with lower development effort and ultimately could result in a loss of sales for us.
The terms of many open source software licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts, and there is a risk that, once interpreted, those licenses could
be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to successfully commercialize our products and solutions. For
example, certain open source software licenses may be interpreted to require that we offer our products or solutions that use the open source software for no cost;
that we make available the source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software (or that we
grant third parties the right to decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer or otherwise derive such source code); that we license such modifications or derivative
works under the terms of the particular open source license; or that otherwise impose limitations, restrictions or conditions on our ability to use, license, host or
distribute our products and solutions in a manner that limits our ability to successfully commercialize our products.
This potential litigation could require us to purchase costly licenses or devote additional research and development resources to change our products or services,
either of which would have a negative effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, if the license terms for the open source software we utilize
change, we may be forced to reengineer our offerings or incur additional costs. Although we monitor the use and incorporation of open source software into our
products, we cannot be certain that we have, in all cases, incorporated open source software in our products in a manner that is consistent with the applicable open
source license terms.
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We may become a party to commercial disputes, claims and legal actions, which are costly and may result in adverse outcomes for us.
Third parties may bring legal actions against us. Such actions, even if without merit, could harm our business. Although we have contractual protections, such as
warranty disclaimers and limitation of liability provisions in our standard terms and conditions of sale (and we seek to include those protections when negotiating
third party terms and conditions), they may not fully or effectively protect us from claims by customers, commercial relationships or other third parties.
In addition, we may become subject to disputes with customers over the terms of our agreements with them. Our agreements with certain larger customers grant
those specific customers the right to use our software for specific purposes or within a specific scope. From time to time, we have disagreed with customers over
the interpretation of those agreements. Such disagreements may harm our relationships with customers and could ultimately result in legal proceedings.
The results of complex legal proceedings, whether brought by us or by others against us, are difficult to predict. An unfavorable resolution of any lawsuit could
adversely affect our business, results of operations, prospects or financial condition. Any insurance coverage that we have may not adequately cover all claims
asserted against us, or may cover only a portion of such claims. In addition, even if claims do not result in litigation or ultimately are resolved in our favor, such
claims could result in our expenditure of funds in attorneys’ fees, and divert management’s time and other resources. Litigation in general and securities litigation
in particular, can be expensive, lengthy and disruptive to normal business operations. For example, we are currently named as a defendant in two parallel putative
class action lawsuits in the Supreme Court of the State of New York and in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging federal securities
law violations in connection with our initial public offering. For more information, see “Item 8A. Financial Information—Consolidated Financial Statements and
Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.” Based on information currently available and the current stage of the litigation, we are unable to reasonably
estimate a possible loss or range of possible losses, if any, with regard to these claims. Our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be
materially and adversely affected by such costs and any unfavorable outcomes in current or future litigation.
If our products fail to help our customers achieve and maintain compliance with government regulations and industry standards, our business and results of
operations could be materially adversely affected.
We generate a substantial portion of our revenues from our products and services because they help our customers achieve and maintain compliance with
government regulations and industry standards, and we expect that will continue for the foreseeable future. Industry standards may change with little or no notice,
including changes that could make them more or less onerous for businesses. Governments may also adopt new laws or regulations, or make changes to existing
laws or regulations, that could impact whether our solutions enable our customers to maintain compliance with such laws or regulations. Examples of industry and
government regulations include the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, or PCI-DSS, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the North American Electric Reliability
Corporation Critical Infrastructure Protection standards, or NERC-CIP, the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, the NIST Cybersecurity Framework and
the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA. If we are unable to adapt our solutions to changing regulatory standards in a timely
manner, or if our solutions fail to expedite our customers’ compliance initiatives, our customers may lose confidence in our products and could switch to products
offered by our competitors. In addition, if regulations and standards related to information security change in a manner that makes them less onerous, our
customers may view government and industry regulatory compliance as less critical to their businesses, and our customers may be less willing to purchase our
products and services. In either case, our sales and financial results would suffer.
We are subject to governmental export and import controls that could subject us to liability in the event of non-compliance or impair our ability to compete in
international markets.
We incorporate encryption capabilities into certain of our products and these products thus may be subject to U.S. or Israeli export control requirements. We are
also subject to Israeli regulations controlling the use, import and export of encryption technology since our product development initiatives are primarily conducted
in Israel. In December 2013, regulations under the Wassenaar Arrangement for the first time included a chapter on cyber-related matters. We believe that our
products do not fall under this chapter; however, in the future we may become subject to this regulation or similar regulations, which would limit our sales and
marketing activities and could therefore have an adverse effect on our results of operations. We have satisfied U.S. and Israeli export control requirements to
export our products to most customers and jurisdictions outside of the United States and Israel, and we have satisfied other provisions of Israeli law governing the
use of encryption technology. If the applicable U.S. and Israeli requirements regarding the export of encryption software or technology change or if we change the
encryption means in our products or technology, we may need to satisfy additional requirements in the United States or Israel. Furthermore, various other countries
regulate the import of certain encryption products and technology, including import permitting and licensing requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit
our ability to distribute our products or could limit our customers’ ability to implement our products in those countries.
We are also subject to U.S. and Israeli export control and economic sanctions laws, which prohibit the shipment of certain products to embargoed or sanctioned
countries and regions, governments and persons. Our products and technologies could be exported to these sanctioned targets by our channel partners despite the
contractual undertakings they have given us and any such export could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties and
reputational harm. Any change in export or import regulations, economic sanctions or related legislation, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing regulations,
or change in the countries, governments, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations, could result in decreased use of our products by, or in our decreased
ability to export or sell our products to, existing or potential customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our products or limitation on our ability
to export or sell our products would likely adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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In addition, in the future we may be subject to defense-related export controls. For example, currently our solutions are not subject to supervision under the Israeli
Defense Export Control Law, 5767-2007 (“the Import and Export Decree”) (Export Control over Dual Use Goods, Services and Technology), 5766-2006, but if the
definitions of regulated cybersecurity are changed and our products are becoming classified as defense-related, we would become subject to such regulation. In
particular, under the Defense Export Control Law, an Israeli company may not conduct “defense marketing activity” without a defense marketing license from the
Israeli ministry of defense and may be subject to a requirement to obtain a specific license from the Israeli ministry of defense for any export of defense-related
products, services and/or know-how. The definition of defense marketing activity is broad and includes any marketing of “defense equipment, services and/or
know-how” outside of Israel or to a non-Israeli, which includes dual-use equipment, services and/or know-how (equipment, services and/or know-how that can be
used for civilian or defensive purposes such as our cybersecurity solutions) that is specified in the list of Goods and Dual-Use Technology annexed to the
Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies, if intended for defense use or defense user only, or is
specified under Israeli legislation. Similar issues could arise under the U.S. defense/military export controls under the Arms Export Control Act and the
International Traffic in Arms Regulations.
Requirements associated with being a public company in the United States require significant resources and management attention.
Requirements associated with being a public company in the United States require significant resources and management attention. We are subject to certain
reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (“the Exchange Act”), and the other rules and regulations of the Securities and
Exchange Commission, (the “SEC”), and the New York Stock Exchange, (the “NYSE”). We are also subject to various other regulatory requirements, including
under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. These rules and regulations have increased, and may continue to increase, our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs and
to continue to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases
due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies.
This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance
practices.
In addition, complying with these rules and regulations and the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies requires substantial attention from our
senior management, which could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business. These cost increases and the diversion of
management’s attention could disrupt our operations and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We will also
need to continue to hire additional personnel to support our financial reporting function, and may face challenges in doing so.
Being a publicly traded company in the United States and being subject to U.S. rules and regulations may also make it more expensive for us to obtain directors
and officers liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. For example, during our
last renewal, the cost of our directors and officers insurance policy premiums substantially increased in light of certain changes in the market for such policies.
These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee,
and qualified executive officers
As a result of disclosure of information in our filings with the SEC, our business and financial condition have become more visible, which we believe may result in
threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business and results of operations could be
adversely affected, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them,
could divert the resources of our management and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
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Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights
If we are unable to adequately protect our proprietary technology and intellectual property rights, our business could suffer substantial harm.
Our commercial success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our core technologies and other intellectual property assets. We rely on a combination of trade
secrets, copyright and trademark laws, patent laws, confidentiality procedures, technical know-how and continuing innovation to protect our intellectual property
and maintain our competitive advantage.
Our software and other proprietary information are protected by copyright on creation. Copyright registrations, which have so far not been necessary, may be
sought on an as-needed basis. We also control access to and use of our proprietary software, proprietary technology and other confidential information through the
use of internal and external controls, including contractual agreements containing confidentiality obligations with our employees, independent consultants,
independent contractors, professional services team, partners and customers. Our confidentiality agreements are designed to protect our proprietary information,
and the clauses requiring assignment of inventions are designed to grant us ownership of technologies that are developed through our relationship with the
respective counterparty. Despite our efforts to protect our trade secrets and proprietary rights through intellectual property rights, confidentiality agreements and
licenses (including non-disclosure and invention assignment agreements), unauthorized parties may still copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property
and technology.
In addition, we seek to protect our intellectual property by filing Israeli, U.S. and other foreign patent applications related to our proprietary technology. As of
December 31, 2021, we had 14 issued patents in the United States and 5 issued patents in Israel. We may file additional patent applications in the future. In order to
benefit from the protection of patents and other intellectual property rights, we must monitor and detect infringement and pursue infringement claims in certain
circumstances in relevant jurisdictions, all of which are costly, time-consuming and uncertain. We may choose not to seek patent protection for certain innovations
or in certain jurisdictions. Furthermore, the scope of our issued patents may be insufficient, and they may not provide us with any competitive advantages. Our
patents and other intellectual property rights may be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative processes or litigation. In addition, the issuance of a
patent does not guarantee that we have an absolute right to practice the patented invention. As a result, we may not be able to obtain adequate protection or
effectively enforce our issued patents or other intellectual property rights.
We cannot assure you that the steps taken by us will deter or prevent infringement or misappropriation of our intellectual property or technology. In addition, the
laws of some foreign countries where we operate do not protect our intellectual property and technology to as great an extent as the laws of the United States, and
many foreign countries do not enforce these laws as diligently as government agencies and private parties in the United States.
We may be subject to intellectual property rights claims by third parties, which may be costly to defend, could require us to pay significant damages and could
limit our ability to use certain technologies.
Companies in the software and technology industries, including some of our current and potential competitors, own large numbers of copyrights, trademarks, trade
secrets and patents, and frequently enter into litigation based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights.
From time to time, third parties may assert their patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights against us, our channel partners or our
customers.
Successful claims of infringement or misappropriation by a third-party could prevent us from using or distributing certain products or performing certain services
or could require us to pay substantial damages (including, for example, treble damages if we are found to have willfully infringed patents and increased statutory
damages if we are found to have willfully infringed copyrights), royalties or other fees. Such claims also could require us to cease making, licensing or using
solutions that are alleged to infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property of others, to expend additional development resources to attempt to redesign our
products or services or otherwise to develop non-infringing technology, to enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the
right to use necessary technologies or intellectual property rights, and to indemnify our partners and other third parties, including our customers and channel
partners whom we typically indemnify against such claims. Even if third parties may offer a license to their intellectual property, the terms of any offered license
may not be acceptable, and the failure to obtain a license or the costs associated with any license could cause our business, results of operations or financial
condition to be materially and adversely affected.
We indemnify our channel partners and customers against claims that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. Defending against
claims of infringement or being deemed to be infringing the intellectual property rights of others could impair our ability to innovate, develop, distribute and sell
our current and planned products and services. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property and technology and ensure that we are not violating the
intellectual property rights of others, we may find ourselves at a competitive disadvantage to others who need not incur the additional expense, time and effort
required to create the innovative products that have enabled us to be successful to date.
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Risks Related to Our Personnel
If we are unable to integrate new members of our senior management team, or if we lose the services of some of our senior management or other key
personnel, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Leadership changes or senior management transitions could cause disruptions to our business. While we do not believe that recent management transitions have
materially impacted our business, any failure to ensure continuity in responsibilities and oversight could hinder our strategic planning, business execution and
future performance. In particular leadership transitions may result in a loss of personnel with deep institutional and/or technical knowledge, and have the potential
to disrupt our operational efficiency and relationships with employees and customers including due to added costs, decreased employee morale and productivity,
diversion of management attention and resources to training and attracting new and qualified leadership, and increased churn. We must successfully be able to
retain our leadership and senior management positions and in the event of transitions we must effectively and timely integrate new leadership team member within
our organization in order for us to achieve our operating objectives.
If we do not effectively expand, train and retain our sales force, we may be unable to acquire new customers or sell additional products and services to existing
customers, and our business will suffer.
Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to expand, train and retain our sales force. If we cannot attract or retain a qualified sales team or experience
delays in hiring the necessary number of sales personnel, our business, financial condition and results of operations. may be adversely impacted Any of our
employees may terminate their employment at any time, subject to certain notice requirements. Furthermore, our ability to attract and retain a highly skilled sales
force is critical to our future success. as we must provide training to our employees on the new processes and procedures associated with our new term-based
subscription license model Similarly, recently a growing number of Israeli technology companies went public, or elected to initiate the process of going public,
which in turn triggered a significant uptick in recruitment efforts, which threatens our ability to maintain our employees and recruit new talent.
In addition, there is intense competition for individuals with sales training and experience. The training and integration of a large number of sales and marketing
personnel in a short time requires the allocation of significant internal resources. We invest significant time and resources in training new sales force personnel to
understand our solutions and growth strategy. However, there is no guarantee that our recent hires and planned new hires will become as productive as we expect
or require, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals in the future in the markets in which we currently operate or where we
seek to conduct business. Our failure to hire a sufficient number of qualified sales force members and train them to operate at target performance levels may
materially and adversely impact our projected growth rate.
Our ability to enhance our products may be harmed if we are unable to attract and retain sufficient research and development personnel and other highly-
skilled engineers, and if we are unable to generate an adequate return on our investment in research and development.
As a provider of proprietary software solutions that rely upon technological advancements, we rely heavily on our research and development activities to enhance
our products. We consequently depend, in large part, on our ability to attract, motivate and retain sufficient research and development personnel. In addition,
because our software solutions are highly complex and are used by our customers to perform critical business functions, we also depend heavily on other
technology professionals, including highly-skilled engineers, who are in high demand. In particular, our principal research and development activities are
conducted from our headquarters in Israel, and we face significant competition for personnel in this region, where the availability of such personnel is limited and,
at present, in short supply. Even despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there remains a chronic shortage in skilled human capital in the technology sector in
Israel, particularly for software companies recruiting research and development, engineers and other experienced technological positions. We face significant
competition for suitably skilled developers in this region given the growing number of local companies that are expanding their development activities, as well as
the growing number of multinational corporations establishing a presence in Israel. As a result, over the past fiscal year we have experienced an increase in
competition for recruiting qualified research and development teams and engineers in Israel where we have a substantial presence and need for skilled
employees. We also have a number of employees that work as developers in Bucharest, Romania in order to benefit from the significant pool of talent that is more
readily available in this market. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a shift to virtual recruiting, which has increased the difficulty with which we are
able to timely attract new employees, integrate and introduce them into our corporate culture and retain them for the longer term. Larger companies with whom we
compete have expended and will likely continue to expend more resources than we do on employee recruitment and are often better able to offer more favorable
compensation and incentive packages than we can. If we are unable to timely attract, retain or train qualified employees, particularly our engineers, salespeople and
key managers, our ability to innovate, introduce new products and compete would be adversely impacted, and our financial condition and results of operations may
suffer. If we cannot attract or retain a sufficient number of skilled research and development employees and other skilled technological employees, our business,
prospects and results of operations could be adversely affected.
In order to remain competitive, we expect to continue to dedicate significant financial and other resources to expand upon our research and development teams to
assist in developing new solutions, applications and enhancements to our existing products.
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We are dependent on the continued services and performance of our two founders, the loss of either of whom could adversely affect our business.
Our business depends on the continued services and performance of our two founders, Reuven Kitov, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of
Directors, and Reuven Harrison, our Chief Technology Officer and a director, due to their relevant experience and skills, to execute on our business plan, and to
identify and pursue new opportunities and product innovations. We do not carry key man life insurance on either of Mr. Kitov or Mr. Harrison and, even if we did,
such coverage would likely be insufficient to compensate us for the loss of their services due to their industry experience and understanding of our business model.
The loss of services of either of Mr. Kitov or Mr. Harrison could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our development and strategic objectives.
Our corporate culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot maintain this culture moving forward, including as a result of COVID-19 and related
response measures, we could lose the innovation, creativity and teamwork fostered by our culture, which could adversely affect our business.
We believe that our corporate culture, which emphasizes a people-centric, open atmosphere for mentorship and knowledge-sharing among our employees, has been
and will continue to be a key contributor to our future success. As part of our preventative measures to prevent the spread COVID-19, we transitioned our
employees to remote working arrangements and continue to implement a hybrid remote-work model, where we permit the majority of our employees to work
remotely and maintain only limited onsite presence in our offices worldwide. We may find it difficult to maintain our strong corporate culture in light of these
remote working conditions, which could negatively impact our culture and therefore limit our ability to innovate and operate effectively. While we continue to plan
for the eventual return of employees to our offices, we expect that some of our employees will continue to work from home full-time or part-time. A permanent
remote working arrangement for some employees may make it more difficult to preserve culture and values.
In addition, we plan to continue to expand our operations, and it may be difficult to maintain our corporate culture as we find, hire and integrate additional
international employees. From December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2021, we increased the size of our workforce by 120 employees in Israel and by 164
employees in other countries, representing a 110% increase in our headcount, and we expect to continue to hire new employees in order to support our growth
plans. As we continue evolve and grow, we must effectively train, develop and motivate new employees, and as a result of our continued hybrid remote-work
model, we may experience greater difficulties assimilating new hires into our corporate culture via virtual platforms. If we do not continue to maintain our
corporate culture as we grow, we may be unable to continue to foster the innovation, integrity, diversity, loyalty and collaboration which we believe are necessary
to support our growth and our customer-centric focus. Our anticipated headcount growth and potential international expansion may result in a change to our
corporate culture, which could adversely affect our business.
Risk Related to Our Internal Controls
If we fail to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to report our financial results accurately or meet our
reporting obligations.
We are required to comply with the internal control, evaluation, and certification requirements of Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board and to report any material weakness in those controls. Once we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company under
the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will need to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting under
Section 404. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of: (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of our IPO
(which took place in 2019), (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer,
which means the market value of our common equity that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of the prior fiscal year’s second fiscal
quarter; and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. Thus, unless we lose
our status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act through other means earlier, we will not be required to obtain an auditor attestation under Section
404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act until we file our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.
The process of determining whether our existing internal controls over financial reporting systems are compliant with Section 404(a) and whether there are any
material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our existing internal controls requires the investment of substantial time and resources, including by our Chief
Financial Officer and other members of our senior management. This determination and any remedial actions required could divert internal resources and take a
significant amount of time and effort to complete and could result in us incurring additional costs that we did not anticipate, including the hiring of outside
consultants. We could experience higher than anticipated operating expenses and higher independent auditor fees during and after the implementation of these
changes.
Irrespective of compliance with Section 404, any failure of our internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our stated results of operations and harm
our reputation. In connection with the issuance of our consolidated financial statements for each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, we
identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting that we subsequently remediated. If we identify future material weaknesses in our
internal control of financial reporting, and if we are unable to implement any of the required changes to our internal control over financial reporting effectively or
efficiently or are required to do so earlier than anticipated, it could adversely affect our operations, financial reporting and/or results of operations and could result
in an adverse opinion on internal controls from our management and, once we lose our emerging growth company status, our independent auditors. Further, if our
internal control over financial reporting is not effective, the reliability of our financial statements may be questioned and our share price may suffer.
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Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares
Our share price has been and will likely continue to be volatile, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Since our initial public offering on April 11, 2019, our ordinary shares have traded as high as $31.04 per share and as low as $5.79 per share through December 31,
2021. On February 23, 2022, the closing bid price of our ordinary shares was $8.22 per share.
In addition, the market price of our ordinary shares could be highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially as a result of many factors, including:
•
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our results of operations;
•
variance in our financial performance from the expectations of market analysts;
•
announcements by us or our competitors of significant business developments, changes in service provider relationships, acquisitions or expansion plans;
•
changes in the prices of our products and services;
•
our involvement in litigation;
•
our sale of ordinary shares or other securities in the future;
•
market conditions in our industry;
•
changes in key personnel;
•
the trading volume of our ordinary shares;
•
changes in the estimation of the future size and growth rate of our markets; and
•
general economic and market conditions, including with respect to COVID-19 and/or geopolitical instability.
In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of
our ordinary shares, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities
class action litigation has often been instituted against that company. For example, the Company and its directors and officers are subject to class action lawsuits in
the Supreme Court of the State of New York and the Southern District of New York, alleging federal securities law violations in connection with our initial public
offering. Based on information currently available and the current stage of the litigation, we are unable to reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of possible
losses, if any, with regard to these claims. For more information, see “Item 8A. Financial Information—Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial
Information—Legal Proceedings.” Low trading volume may also increase the price volatility of our ordinary shares. A thin trading market could cause the price of
our ordinary shares to fluctuate significantly more than the stock market as a whole.
22
As a foreign private issuer with shares listed on NYSE, we may choose to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of otherwise
applicable NYSE requirements, which could, in the future, result in less protection than is accorded to investors under rules applicable to domestic U.S.
issuers.
As a foreign private issuer with shares are listed on NYSE, we may follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of otherwise applicable
NYSE requirements for U.S. domestic issuers. For example, foreign private issuers are permitted to follow home country practices with regard to director
nomination procedures and the approval of compensation of officers. Additionally, foreign private issuers are not required to maintain a board comprised of a
majority of independent directors. Foreign private issuers are also exempt from NYSE rules that require shareholder approval prior to (i) the adoption or
amendment of an equity compensation plan or (ii) the issuance of ordinary shares, or securities convertible into or exercisable for ordinary shares, in private
offerings in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding ordinary shares or voting power, as well as other private offerings to related parties. However,
notwithstanding our ability to follow the corporate governance practices of our home country, Israel, we have elected to comply with NYSE corporate governance
requirements that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. Nevertheless, we may, in the future, decide to rely on foreign private issuer exemptions and follow Israeli
home country governance practices in lieu of complying with some or all NYSE corporate governance requirements, which could provide less protection to our
investors than is accorded to investors of U.S. domestic issuers. See “Item 6.C. Board Practices—Corporate Governance Practices.”
As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to the provisions of Regulation FD or U.S. proxy rules and are exempt from filing certain reports required
pursuant to the Exchange Act
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from a number of requirements under U.S. securities laws that apply to public companies that are not foreign private
issuers. In particular, we are exempt from the rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our
officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange
Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file annual and current reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly
as U.S. domestic companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act and we are generally exempt from filing quarterly reports on Form 10-Q
containing unaudited financial and other specified information with the SEC under the Exchange Act. We are also exempt from the provisions of Regulation FD,
which prohibits issuers from making selective disclosure of material nonpublic information to, among others, broker-dealers and holders of a company’s securities
under circumstances in which it is reasonably foreseeable that the holder will trade in such company’s securities on the basis of the information. Even though we
intend to comply voluntarily with Regulation FD, these exemptions and leniencies will reduce the frequency and scope of information and protections to which you
are entitled as an investor.
For so long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer, we are not required to comply with the proxy rules applicable to U.S. domestic filers, including the
requirement applicable to emerging growth companies to disclose the compensation of our chief executive officer and other two most highly compensated
executive officers on an individual, rather than an aggregate, basis. Nevertheless, regulations promulgated under the Israeli Companies Law 5759-1999(“the Israeli
Companies Law”), require us to disclose in the proxy statement for the annual general meeting of our shareholders (or to include a reference therein to other
previously furnished public disclosure) the annual compensation of our five most highly compensated executive officers on an individual, rather than an aggregate,
basis. This disclosure will not be as extensive as that required of a U.S. domestic issuer. See “Item 6.B. Compensation—Compensation of Directors and Executive
Officers.”
In order to maintain our current status as a foreign private issuer, either (i) more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities must be directly or indirectly owned
of record by non-residents of the United States or (ii)(a) a majority of our executive officers or directors may not be U.S. citizens or residents, (b) more than 50%
of our assets cannot be located in the United States and (c) our business must be administered principally outside the United States. In the event U.S. residents
directly or indirectly own more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities, we will cease to qualify as a foreign private issuer if we do not meet the
requirements set forth in (ii) above.
Although we have elected to comply with certain U.S. regulatory provisions, our loss of foreign private issuer status would make such provisions mandatory. The
regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer would be significantly higher. If we are not a foreign private issuer, we
will be required to file periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC, which are more detailed and extensive than the
forms available to a foreign private issuer. We would also be required to follow U.S. proxy disclosure requirements, including the requirement to disclose more
detailed information about the compensation of our senior executive officers on an individual basis. We may also be required to modify certain of our policies to
comply with good governance practices associated with U.S. domestic issuers. Such conversion and modifications will involve additional costs. In addition, we
would lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements on U.S. stock exchanges that are available to foreign private
issuers.
23
We may have exposure to greater tax liabilities than anticipated.
We have endeavored to structure our activities in a manner so as to minimize our and our subsidiaries’ aggregate tax liabilities. However, we have operations in
various taxing jurisdictions, and our tax liabilities in one or more jurisdictions could be more than reported in respect of prior taxable periods and more than
anticipated in respect of future taxable periods. In this regard, the amount of income taxes that we pay in future taxable periods could be higher if earnings are
lower than anticipated in jurisdictions where lower statutory tax rates apply and higher than anticipated in jurisdictions where higher statutory tax rates apply.
In addition, we have entered into transfer pricing arrangements that establish transfer prices for our intercompany operations. However, our transfer pricing
procedures are not binding on the applicable taxing authorities. No official authority in any country has made a binding determination as to whether or not we are
operating in compliance with its transfer pricing laws. Accordingly, taxing authorities in any of the countries in which we operate could challenge our transfer
prices and require us to adjust them to reallocate our income and potentially to pay additional taxes for prior tax periods. For example, the tax authorities in the
United States have increased their focus on transfer pricing procedures, which could result in a greater likelihood of a challenge to our transfer pricing
arrangements and the risk that we will be required to adjust them and reallocate our income. Such an adjustment could result in a higher effective tax rate than that
to which we are currently subject. We expect that the issue of the validity of our transfer pricing procedures will become of greater importance as we continue our
expansion in markets in which we currently have a limited presence and attempt to penetrate new markets. Any change to the allocation of our income as a result
of reviews by taxing authorities could have a negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Moreover, the determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities requires significant judgment and the ultimate tax determination
is uncertain for many transactions and calculations. Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, our ultimate tax liability may differ from the amounts
recorded in our financial statements and may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations in the period or periods for which such
determination is made. We have created reserves with respect to tax liabilities where we believe it to be appropriate. However, there can be no assurance that our
ultimate tax liability will not exceed the reserves we have created.
The Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, or BEPS, project undertaken by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (the “OECD”), may also have
adverse consequences on our tax liabilities. The BEPS project contemplates changes to numerous international tax principles, as well as national tax incentives,
and these changes, which are being adopted in different manners by individual countries, could adversely affect our income tax liability. Even as countries translate
the BEPS recommendations into specific national tax laws, it remains difficult to predict with accuracy the magnitude of any impact that such new rules may have
on our financial results.
In addition, the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”), made significant changes to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, including a reduction in the U.S. federal
corporate income tax rate from the previous top marginal rate of 35% to a flat rate of 21% and limitations on certain corporate deductions and credits. Also, the
TCJA requires complex computations to be performed that were not previously required in U.S. tax law, significant judgments to be made in interpretation of the
provisions of the TCJA and significant estimates in calculations and the preparation and analysis of information not previously relevant or regularly produced. The
U.S. Treasury Department and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, continue to interpret and issue guidance on how provisions of the TCJA will be applied
and administered. Finally, foreign governments may enact tax laws in response to the TCJA that could result in further changes to global taxation and materially
adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
24
U.S. holders that own 10% or more of the vote or value of our ordinary shares may suffer adverse tax consequences if we and/or any of our non-U.S.
subsidiaries are characterized as a “controlled foreign corporation,” or a CFC, under Section 957(a) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the “Code”).
A non-U.S. corporation is considered a CFC if more than 50% of (i) the total combined voting power of all classes of shares of such corporation entitled to vote or
(ii) the total value of the shares of such corporation, is owned, or is considered as owned by applying certain constructive ownership rules, including certain
downward attribution rules, by U.S. shareholders (within the meaning of the Code) on any day during the taxable year of such non-U.S. corporation. Certain U.S.
shareholders of a CFC generally are required to include currently in gross income such shareholders’ share of the CFC’s “Subpart F income,” a portion of the
CFC’s earnings to the extent the CFC holds certain U.S. property and a portion of the CFC’s “global intangible low-taxed income” (as defined under Section 951A
of the Code). Such U.S. shareholders are subject to current U.S. federal income tax with respect to such items, even if the CFC has not made an actual distribution
to such shareholders. “Subpart F income” includes, among other things, certain passive income (such as income from dividends, interests, royalties, rents and
annuities or gain from the sale of property that produces such types of income) and certain sales and services income arising in connection with transactions
between the CFC and a person related to the CFC. “Global intangible low-taxed income” may include most of the remainder of a CFC’s income over a deemed
return on its tangible assets.
As a result of the ownership of our shares, certain voting arrangements with respect to our shares, and certain changes in the U.S. tax law introduced by the TCJA,
we and our non-U.S. subsidiaries may be classified as CFCs in the taxable year ended December 31, 2021 as well as in prior taxable years. These determinations
cannot be made with certainty. In the event that we or any of our subsidiaries are a CFC, U.S. holders who hold 10% or more of the vote or value of our ordinary
shares may realize adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences, such as current U.S. taxation of Subpart F income and of any such shareholder’s share of our or
our subsidiaries’ accumulated non-U.S. earnings and profits (regardless of whether we make any distributions), taxation of amounts treated as global intangible
low-taxed income under Section 951A of the Code with respect to such shareholder and being subject to certain reporting requirements with the IRS. Any such
U.S. holder who is an individual generally would not be allowed certain tax deductions or foreign tax credits that would be allowed to a U.S. corporation. Investors
who are U.S. holders and who hold 10% or more of the vote or value of our ordinary shares should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. tax
consequences of acquiring, owning or disposing our ordinary shares and the impact of the TCJA, especially the changes to the rules relating to CFCs.
U.S. holders of our ordinary shares may suffer adverse tax consequences if we are characterized as a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, under
Section 1297(a) of the Code.
Generally, if, for any taxable year, at least 75% of our gross income is passive income, or at least 50% of the average quarterly value of our total gross assets
(which generally may be measured in part by the market value of our ordinary shares, which is subject to change) is attributable to assets that produce passive
income or that are held for the production of passive income, including cash, we would be characterized as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For
purposes of these tests, passive income includes dividends, interest, gains from the sale or exchange of investment property and rents and royalties other than rents
and royalties which are received from unrelated parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business. Additionally, a look-through rule generally
applies with respect to 25% or more owned subsidiaries. If we are characterized as a PFIC, U.S. holders of our ordinary shares may suffer adverse tax
consequences, including having gains realized on the sale of our ordinary shares treated as ordinary income, rather than capital gain, the loss of the preferential tax
rate applicable to dividends received on our ordinary shares by individuals who are U.S. holders and having interest charges apply to tax payable on distributions
by us and to the proceeds of sales of our ordinary shares. In addition, special information reporting may be required. See “Item 10.E. Certain U.S. Federal Income
Tax Consequences—Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations.”
The determination of whether we are a PFIC will depend on the nature and composition of our income and the nature, composition and value of our assets from
time to time. The 50% passive asset test described above is generally based on the fair market value of each asset, with the value of goodwill and going concern
value determined in large part by reference to the market value of our ordinary shares, which may be volatile. If we are a CFC (determined by disregarding certain
downward attribution rules) and not publicly traded for the relevant taxable year, however, the test shall be applied based on the adjusted basis of our assets.
25
Recently adopted Treasury Regulations (the “New Regulations”), modify certain of the rules described above. Such modifications include, for example, permitting
asset value to be determined more frequently than on a quarterly basis and treating a non-U.S. corporation as publicly traded for a taxable year if the stock of such
corporation is publicly traded, other than in de minimis quantities, for at least twenty trading days during such taxable year.
The New Regulations generally apply to taxable years of shareholders beginning on or after January 14, 2021. A shareholder, however, may choose to apply such
rules for any open taxable year beginning before January 14, 2021, provided that, with respect to a non-U.S. corporation being tested for PFIC status, the
shareholder consistently applies certain of the provisions of the New Regulations and certain other Treasury Regulations for such year and all subsequent years.
Investors who are U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the impact and applicability of the New Regulations.
Based on our determination that our shares are properly treated as being publicly traded for the taxable year ended December 31, 2021 and our estimates of the fair
market values of our assets, we believe that we should not be classified as a PFIC with respect to the taxable year ended December 31, 2021. However, this
determination is subject to uncertainty.
In particular, the determination of whether we are, or will be, a PFIC for a taxable year depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax
rules, which are subject to differing interpretations. It is possible that the IRS will disagree with the interpretation on which our belief about our PFIC status is
based, and no ruling from the IRS concerning our PFIC status has been obtained or is currently planned to be requested. Moreover, because PFIC status is based on
our income, assets and activities for the entire taxable year, it is not possible to determine whether we will be characterized as a PFIC for any subsequent year until
after the close of the relevant year. We can therefore make no assurances regarding our PFIC status for any taxable year. Our U.S. counsel expresses no opinion
with respect to our PFIC status for the taxable year ended December 31, 2021 or for any other taxable year. We will continue to determine whether we were a PFIC
or not for each taxable year and make such determination available to U.S. holders.
The tax consequences that would apply if we were a PFIC in any taxable year would be different from those described above if a U.S. holder were able to make a
valid “qualified electing fund,” or QEF, election. We will use commercially reasonable efforts to make available to U.S. holders such information with respect to
the company as is necessary for U.S. holders to make QEF elections with respect to the company for any taxable year in which we determine that we are classified
as a PFIC. See “Item 10.E. Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences—Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations.”
We are an “emerging growth company,” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our ordinary shares
less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”). We will remain an emerging growth company
until the earlier of: (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of our IPO (which took place in 2019), (b) in which we have total annual
gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common equity that is
held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of the prior fiscal year’s second fiscal quarter; and (2) the date on which we have issued more than
$1 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. Thus, unless we lose our status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS
Act through other means earlier, we will be an emerging growth company until December 31, 2024.
For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are permitted and intend to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable
to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These exemptions include not being required to comply with the auditor attestation
requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and
the financial statements, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory
vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We cannot predict whether investors will
find our ordinary shares less attractive if we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our ordinary shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less
active trading market for our ordinary shares and our share price may be more volatile.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future and, as a result, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in
the price of our ordinary shares.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our ordinary shares and do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We anticipate that
we will retain all of our future earnings for use in the development of our business and for general corporate purposes. In addition, our ability to pay cash dividends
is currently limited by the terms of our credit agreements, and any future credit agreements may contain terms prohibiting or limiting the amount of dividends that
may be declared or paid on our ordinary shares. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their ordinary shares after price appreciation, which may never occur,
as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.
Our amended and restated articles of association provide that unless we consent to an alternate forum, the federal district courts of the United States shall be
the exclusive forum of resolution of any claims arising under the Securities Act which may impose additional litigation costs on our shareholders.
Our amended and restated articles of association provide that other than with respect to plaintiffs or a class of plaintiffs which may be entitled to assert in the courts
of the State of Israel, the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any claims arising under the Securities Act or
the Federal Forum Provision. While the Federal Forum Provision does not restrict the ability of our shareholders to bring claims under the Securities Act, nor does
it affect the remedies available thereunder if such claims are successful, we recognize that it may limit shareholders ability to bring a claim in the judicial forum
that they find favorable and may increase certain litigation costs which may discourage the filing of claims under the Securities Act against the Company, its
directors and officers.
26
Risks Related to Our Incorporation and Location in Israel
Our corporate headquarters and principal research and development facilities are located in Israel and, therefore, our business and operations may be
adversely affected by political, economic and military conditions in Israel.
We are incorporated under Israeli law, and our corporate headquarters and principal research and development facilities are located in Israel. In addition, certain of
our directors, executive officers and key employees are residents of Israel. Accordingly, political, economic and military conditions in the Middle East in general,
and in Israel in particular, directly affect our business, product development and results of operations. In recent years, Israel has been engaged in sporadic armed
conflicts with Hamas, an Islamist terrorist group that controls the Gaza Strip, with Hezbollah, an Islamist terrorist group that controls large portions of southern
Lebanon, and with Iranian-backed military forces in Syria. In addition, Iran has threatened to attack Israel and may be developing nuclear weapons. Some of these
hostilities were accompanied by missiles being fired from the Gaza Strip against civilian targets in various parts of Israel, including areas in which our employees
and some of our consultants are located, and negatively affected business conditions in Israel. Any hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of
trade between Israel and its trading partners could adversely affect our operations and results of operations. Our corporate headquarters and principal research and
development activities are located in the range of missiles that could be fired from Lebanon, Syria or the Gaza Strip into Israel.
As of December 31, 2021, we had282 employees based in Israel. In addition, many Israeli citizens are obligated to perform several days, and in some cases more,
of annual military reserve duty each year until they reach the age of 40 (or older, for reservists who are military officers or who have certain occupations) and, in
the event of a military conflict, may be called to active duty. In response to increases in terrorist activity, there have been periods of significant call-ups of military
reservists. It is possible that there will be military reserve duty call-ups in the future. Our operations could be disrupted by such call-ups, which may include the
call-up of members of our management. Such disruption could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Our commercial insurance does not cover losses that may occur as a result of events associated with war and terrorism. Although the Israeli government currently
covers the reinstatement value of direct damages that are caused by terrorist attacks or acts of war, we cannot assure you that this government coverage will be
maintained or that it will sufficiently cover our potential damages. Any losses or damages incurred by us could have a material adverse effect on our business. Any
armed conflicts or political instability in the region would likely negatively affect business conditions and could harm our results of operations.
Further, in the past, the State of Israel and Israeli companies have been subjected to economic boycotts. Several countries still restrict business with the State of
Israel and with Israeli companies. These restrictive laws and policies may have an adverse impact on our operating results, financial condition or the expansion of
our business. A campaign of boycotts, divestment and sanctions has been undertaken against Israel, which could also adversely impact our business.
Exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. dollar, the New Israeli Shekel, the Euro and other foreign currencies, may negatively affect our future revenues.
We generate substantially all of our revenues in U.S. dollars. The majority of our operating expenses are incurred in foreign currencies, and are subject to
fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes between the U.S. dollar and the New Israeli Shekel(“the NIS”), the Euro and,
to a lesser extent, the British Pound. As a result, our financial results may be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates of currencies in the countries in which
our products may be sold. For example, during 2021, we witnessed a strengthening of the average exchange rate of the NIS against the dollar, which increased the
dollar value of Israeli expenses. If the NIS strengthens against the dollar, as it did in 2021, the dollar value of our Israeli expenses, mainly personnel and facility-
related, will increase. Foreign exchange rates fluctuation have had, and could continue to present challenges in future periods should significant increases in
volatility in foreign exchange markets occur. In order to mitigate the volatility in foreign exchange, we have entered into forward contracts with major banks to
provide partial protection against foreign currency exchange risks resulting from expenses paid in NIS during the year.
Although exposure to currency fluctuations to date has not had a material adverse effect on our business, there can be no assurance that our limited hedging
transactions will provide sufficient protection and that such fluctuations in the future will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial
condition.
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Our operations may be affected by negative labor conditions in Israel.
With respect to our Israeli employees, Israeli labor laws govern the length of the workday, minimum wages for employees, procedures for hiring and dismissing
employees, determination of severance pay, annual leave, sick days, advance notice of termination of employment, equal opportunity and anti-discrimination laws
and other conditions of employment. Subject to certain exceptions, Israeli law generally requires severance pay upon the retirement, death or dismissal of an
employee, and requires us and our employees to make payments to the National Insurance Institute, which is similar to the U.S. Social Security Administration.
Our employees have pension plans that comply with the applicable Israeli legal requirements and we make monthly contributions to severance pay funds for all
employees, which cover potential severance pay obligations.
In Israel, we are subject to certain labor statutes and national labor court precedent rulings, as well as to certain provisions of the collective bargaining agreements
between the Histadrut (General Federation of Labor in Israel) and the Coordination Bureau of Economic Organizations including the Industrialists’ Associations.
These provisions of collective bargaining agreements are applicable to our Israeli employees by virtue of extension orders issued in accordance with relevant labor
laws by the Israeli Ministry of Economy and Industry, and apply our employees even though they are not directly part of a union that has signed a collective
bargaining agreement.
The laws and labor court rulings that apply to our employees principally concern minimum wage laws, length of the work day and workweek, overtime payment,
procedures for dismissing employees, determination of severance pay, leaves of absence (such as annual vacation or maternity leave), sick pay and other conditions
for employment. The extension orders which apply to our employees principally concern mandatory contributions to a pension fund or managers’ insurance,
annual recreation allowance, travel expenses payment and other conditions of employment. We generally provide our employees with benefits and working
conditions beyond the required minimums.
Competition for highly skilled technical and other personnel in Israel is intense, and as a result we may fail to attract, recruit, retain and develop qualified
employees, which could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We compete in a market marked by rapidly changing technologies and an evolving competitive landscape. In order for us to successfully compete and grow, we
must attract, recruit, retain and develop personnel with requisite qualifications to provide expertise across the entire spectrum of our intellectual capital and
business needs.
Our principal research and development as well as significant elements of our general and administrative activities are conducted at our headquarters in Israel, and
we face significant competition for suitably skilled employees in Israel. While there has been intense competition for qualified human resources in the Israeli high-
tech industry historically, the industry experienced record growth and activity in 2021, both at the earlier stages of venture capital and growth equity financings,
and at the exit stage of initial public offerings and mergers and acquisitions. This flurry of growth and activity has been causing a sharp increase in job openings in
both Israeli high-tech companies and Israeli research and development centers of foreign companies, and intensification of competition between these employers to
attract qualified employees in Israel. As a result, the high-tech industry in Israel has been experiencing significant levels of employee attrition and is currently
facing a severe shortage of skilled human capital, including engineering, research and development, sales and customer support personnel. Many of the companies
with which we compete for qualified personnel have greater resources than we do, and we may not succeed in recruiting additional experienced or
professional personnel, retaining personnel or effectively replacing current personnel who may depart with qualified or effective successors.
In addition, as a result of the intense competition for qualified human resources, the Israeli high-tech market has also experienced and may continue to experience
significant wage inflation. Accordingly, our efforts to attract, retain and develop personnel may also result in significant additional expenses, which could incur
costs and increase losses. Furthermore, in making employment decisions, particularly in the high-technology industry, job candidates often consider the value of
the equity they are to receive in connection with their employment. Employees may be more likely to leave us if the shares they own or the shares underlying their
equity incentive awards have significantly appreciated or significantly decreased in value. Many of our employees may receive significant proceeds from sales of
our equity in the public markets, which may reduce their motivation to continue to work for us and could heighten the risk of employee attrition.
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While we utilize non-competition agreements with our employees as a means of improving our employee retention, those agreements may not be effective towards
that goal. These agreements prohibit our employees, if they cease working for us, from competing directly with us or working for our competitors for a limited
period. We may be unable to enforce these agreements under Israeli law, and it may be difficult for us to restrict our competitors from benefiting from the expertise
our former employees developed while working for us.
In light of the foregoing, there can be no assurance that qualified employees will remain in our employ or that we will be able to attract and retain qualified
personnel in the future. Failure to retain or attract qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
The termination or reduction of tax and other incentives that the Israeli government provides to domestic companies may increase the costs involved in
operating a company in Israel.
The Israeli government currently provides tax and capital investment incentives to domestic companies, as well as grant and loan programs relating to research and
development and marketing and export activities. In recent years, the Israeli government has reduced the benefits available under these programs and the Israeli
governmental authorities have indicated that the government may in the future further reduce or eliminate the benefits of those programs. We have taken in the past
and may take advantage of these benefits and programs again in the future, however, there is no assurance that such benefits and programs will continue to be
available to us in the future. If such benefits and programs were terminated or further reduced, it could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and
financial condition.
Enforcing a U.S. judgment against us and our current directors and executive officers, or asserting U.S. securities law claims in Israel, may be difficult.
We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel. Service of process upon us and upon our directors and executive officers, most of whom reside outside of
the United States, and on our auditors, may be difficult to obtain within the United States. Furthermore, because a majority of our assets and most of our directors
and executive officers are located outside of the United States, any judgment obtained in the United States against us or any of them may be difficult to collect
within the United States.
It may be difficult to assert U.S. securities law claims in original actions instituted in Israel. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on an alleged violation
of U.S. securities laws on the basis that Israel is not the most appropriate forum in which to bring such a claim. In addition, even if an Israeli court agrees to hear a
claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to the claim. There is little binding case law in Israel addressing these matters. If U.S. law is
found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proven as a fact which can be a time-consuming and costly process. Certain matters of procedure
will also be governed by Israeli law.
Provisions of our amended and restated articles of association and Israeli law and tax considerations may delay, prevent or make difficult an acquisition of us,
which could prevent a change of control and negatively affect the price of our ordinary shares.
Israeli corporate law regulates mergers, requires tender offers for acquisitions of shares above specified thresholds, requires special approvals for certain
transactions involving directors, officers or significant shareholders and regulates other matters that may be relevant to these types of transactions. These
provisions of Israeli law may delay, prevent or make difficult an acquisition of us, which could prevent a change of control and therefore negatively affect the price
of our ordinary shares. For example, under the Israeli Companies Law, upon the request of a creditor of either party to a proposed merger, the court may delay or
prevent the merger if it concludes that there exists a reasonable concern that as a result of the merger the surviving company will be unable to satisfy the
obligations of any of the parties to the merger. In addition, our executive officers and certain other key employees are entitled to certain benefits in connection with
a change of control of our company.
29
Our amended and restated articles of association provide that our directors (other than external directors, if applicable) are elected on a staggered basis, such that a
potential acquirer cannot readily replace our entire board of directors at a single annual general shareholder meeting.
Furthermore, Israeli tax considerations may make potential transactions unappealing to us or to our shareholders, especially for those shareholders whose country
of residence does not have a tax treaty with Israel, which exempts such shareholders from Israeli tax. For example, Israeli tax law does not recognize tax-free share
exchanges to the same extent as U.S. tax law. With respect to mergers, Israeli tax law allows for tax deferral in certain circumstances but makes the deferral
contingent on the fulfillment of a number of conditions, including, in some cases, a holding period of two years from the date of the transaction during which sales
and dispositions of shares of the participating companies are subject to certain restrictions. Moreover, with respect to certain share swap transactions, the tax
deferral is limited in time, and when such time expires, the tax becomes payable even if no disposition of the shares has occurred. In order to benefit from the tax
deferral, a pre-ruling from the Israel Tax Authority might be required.
We may become subject to claims for remuneration or royalties for assigned service invention rights by our employees, which could result in litigation and
adversely affect our business.
We have entered into assignment-of-invention agreements with our research and development employees pursuant to which such individuals agreed to assign to us
all rights to any inventions created during or as a result of their employment or engagement with us or in our field of business. A significant portion of our
intellectual property has been developed by our employees during the course of their employment by us. Under the Israeli Patent Law, 5727-1967(“the Patent
Law”), inventions conceived by an employee during the scope of his or her employment with a company and as a result thereof are regarded as “service
inventions,” which belong to the employer, absent a specific agreement between the employee and employer giving the employee service invention rights. The
Patent Law also provides that if there is no agreement between an employer and an employee with respect to the employee’s right to receive compensation for such
“service inventions,” the Israeli Compensation and Royalties Committee(“the Committee”), a body constituted under the Patent Law, shall determine whether the
employee is entitled to remuneration for his or her service inventions and the scope and conditions for such remuneration. A recent decision by the Committee
clarifies that the right to receive consideration for “service inventions” can be waived by the employee and that in certain circumstances, such waiver does not
necessarily have to be explicit. In order to determine the scope and validity of such wavier, the Committee will examine, on a case-by-case basis, the general
contractual framework between the parties, using interpretation rules of the general Israeli contract laws. Further, the Committee has not yet determined one
specific formula for calculating this remuneration (but rather uses the criteria specified in the Patent Law). Although our employees have agreed to assign to us
service invention rights and have specifically waived their right to receive any special remuneration for such assignment beyond their regular salary and benefits,
we may face claims that the assignment is not enforceable or demanding remuneration in consideration for assigned inventions. As a consequence of such claims,
we could be required to pay additional remuneration or royalties to our current and former employees, or be forced to litigate such claims, which could negatively
affect our business.
The Israeli government tax benefits that we currently are entitled to receive require us to meet several conditions and may be terminated or reduced in the
future.
Some of our operations in Israel may entitle us to certain tax benefits under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 5719-1959 (the
“Investment Law”), once we are profitable. If we do not meet the requirements for maintaining these benefits, they may be reduced or canceled and the relevant
operations would be subject to Israeli corporate tax at the standard rate, which is set at 23% in 2020 and thereafter. In addition to being subject to the standard
corporate tax rate, we could be required to refund any tax benefits that we have already received, plus interest and penalties thereon. Even if we continue to meet
the relevant requirements, the tax benefits that our current “Beneficiary Enterprise” is entitled to may not be continued in the future at their current levels or at all.
If these tax benefits were reduced or eliminated, the amount of taxes that we pay would likely increase, as all of our operations would consequently be subject to
corporate tax at the standard rate, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Additionally, if we increase our activities outside of Israel, for example,
by way of acquisitions, our increased activities may not be eligible for inclusion in Israeli tax benefits programs.
Our investors’ rights and responsibilities as shareholders are, and will continue to be, governed by Israeli law, which differs in some material respects from the
rights and responsibilities of shareholders of U.S. companies.
The rights and responsibilities of the holders of our ordinary shares are governed by our amended and restated articles of association and by Israeli law. These
rights and responsibilities differ in some material respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders in U.S. corporations. For example, a shareholder of
an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith and in a customary manner in exercising its rights and performing its obligations towards such company and its
shareholders, and to refrain from abusing its power in such company, including voting at a general meeting of shareholders on matters such as amendments to a
company’s articles of association, increases in a company’s authorized share capital, mergers and acquisitions and related party transactions requiring shareholder
approval. In addition, a shareholder who is aware that it possesses the power to determine the outcome of a shareholder vote or to appoint or prevent the
appointment of a director or executive officer in the company has a duty of fairness toward the company. There is limited case law available to assist us in
understanding the nature of these duties or the implications of these provisions. These provisions may be interpreted to impose additional obligations and liabilities
on holders of our ordinary shares that are not typically imposed on shareholders of U.S. corporations.
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Our amended and restated articles of association provide that unless the Company consents otherwise, the Tel Aviv District Court (Economic Division), Israel
shall be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between the Company and its shareholders under the Israeli Companies Law and the Israeli
Securities Law, which could limit its shareholders ability to brings claims and proceedings against, as well as obtain favorable judicial forum for disputes with
the Company, its directors, officers and other employees.
The Tel Aviv District Court (Economic Division), Israel shall be the exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company,
(ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s
shareholders or (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Israeli Companies Law or the Israeli Securities Law. This exclusive forum
provisions is intended to apply to claims arising under Israeli Law and would not apply to claims brought pursuant to the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or any
other claim for which federal courts would have exclusive jurisdiction. Such exclusive forum provision in our amended and restated articles of association will not
relive the Company of its duties to comply with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder, and shareholders of the Company will not be
deemed to have waived the Company’s compliance with these laws, rules and regulations. This exclusive forum provision may limit a shareholders ability to bring
a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with the Company or its directors or other employees which may discourage lawsuits against the Company,
its directors, officers and employees.
General Risk Factors
If securities or industry analysts cease to publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research reports about our business, our share price and
trading volume could decline.
The trading price for our ordinary shares is affected by any research or reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more
of the analysts who cover us or our business publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about us or our business, and in particular, if they downgrade their
evaluations of our ordinary shares, the price of our ordinary shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our business, we could
lose visibility in the market for our ordinary shares, which in turn could cause our share price to decline.
We may acquire other businesses, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute shareholder value and adversely affect
our results of operations.
As part of our business strategy and in order to remain competitive, we may acquire or make investments in complementary companies, products or technologies.
However, we have not made any acquisitions to date, and as a result, our ability as an organization to acquire and integrate other companies, products or
technologies in a successful manner is unproven. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete such acquisitions
on favorable terms, if at all. If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals, and any acquisitions
we complete could be viewed negatively by our customers, analysts and investors. In addition, if we are unsuccessful at integrating such acquisitions or the
technologies associated with such acquisitions, our revenues and results of operations could be adversely affected. Any integration process may require significant
time and resources, and we may not be able to manage the process successfully. We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired technology or personnel
or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction, including accounting charges. We may have to pay cash, incur debt or issue equity
securities to pay for any such acquisition, each of which could adversely affect our financial condition or the value of our ordinary shares. The sale of equity or
issuance of debt to finance any such acquisitions could result in dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed
obligations and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations.
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ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A.
History and Development of the Company
The legal name of our company is Tufin Software Technologies Ltd. and we are organized under the laws of the State of Israel. We were founded in 2005 with the
goal of introducing a centralized security management layer that analyzes, defines and implements enterprise-specific security policies. In April 2019, we
completed an initial public offering on NYSE. We believe we were the first company to introduce security policy automation solutions with SecureChange and
SecureApp, and we believe our position as a market leader reinforces our brand and supports our position as one of the most prominent players in the increasingly
important security policy management market. Our Tufin Orchestration Suite, a comprehensive policy management platform, is currently comprised of four
products: SecureTrack, SecureChange, SecureApp and SecureCloud. Additionally, we provide a set of extensions and applications for the suite through the Tufin
Marketplace.
We are a company limited by shares organized under the laws of the State of Israel. We are registered with the Israeli Registrar of Companies. Our registration
number is 51-362739-8. Our principal executive offices are located at 5 HaShalom Road, ToHa Tower, Tel Aviv 6789205, Israel, and our telephone number is
+972 (3) 612-8118. Our website address is www.tufin.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of this
annual report and is not incorporated by reference herein. We have included our website address in this annual report solely for informational purposes. Our SEC
filings are available to you on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. This site contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information
regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The information on that website is not part of this annual report and is not incorporated by reference herein.
Our agent for service of process in the United States is Tufin Software North America, Inc., located at 10 Summer Street, Suite 605, Boston, Massachusetts 02110-
1292, and its telephone number is +1 (877) 270-7711.
For a discussion of our capital expenditures, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospectus—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
B.
Business Overview
We are pioneering a policy-centric approach to security and information technology (“IT”) operations. We transform enterprises’ security operations by helping
them visualize, define and enforce a unified security policy across complex, heterogeneous IT and cloud environments. Our products govern how individuals,
systems and applications are permitted to communicate and provide policy-based security automation, enabling customers to reduce the time to securely implement
complex network changes from days to minutes. Our solutions increase business agility, eliminate errors from manual processes and ensure continuous compliance
through a single console. Since our inception, our solutions have been purchased by over 2,000 customers in over 70 countries, including approximately 19% of the
Global 2000.
Cybersecurity is critical for enterprises of all sizes. As enterprises embrace digital transformation and adopt new technologies such as cloud-based services,
software-defined networks, microservices and containers, the IT and cloud environments become increasingly complex and vulnerable to attack. In response to the
heightened threat environment, lack of a defined network perimeter and a constantly changing attack surface, enterprises continue to implement additional
firewalls, endpoint security, identity and access management and other security solutions. However, we believe most enterprises lack effective and comprehensive
security policy management, which results in a trade-off between the necessary security posture and business requirements for speed, agility and innovation.
We believe a new approach to enterprise security is necessary — a data-driven framework centered on policy management and operationalized through policy-
based automation, enhancing compliance and security while improving operational efficiency. To address this need, we have developed highly differentiated
technology with four main pillars, as described below.
•
Policy-centric approach. We enable enterprises to visualize, define and enforce a unified security policy that acts as the foundation of governance and
control, replacing ad-hoc configurations across fragmented networks.
•
Automated network changes. We automate the network change process across complex, heterogeneous environments, increasing business agility,
enabling faster application deployment and reducing human error.
•
Data-driven insights. Our approach draws data from across a customer’s IT and cloud environments, providing insights on connectivity and end-to-end
visibility across the network.
•
Open and extensible framework. Our open solutions serve as a centralized control layer for our customers’ networks and cloud environments, and can
connect to a wide range of third-party technologies through application program interfaces, or APIs.
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We offer four products that comprise the Tufin Orchestration Suite: SecureTrack, SecureChange, SecureApp and SecureCloud. We also offer a digital platform of
applications and extensions through the Tufin Marketplace. SecureTrack, SecureChange and SecureApp enable enterprises to visualize, define and enforce their
security policy across heterogeneous networks, both on premise and in the cloud. SecureTrack serves as the foundation of SecureChange and SecureApp.
SecureTrack provides visibility across the network and public cloud, and helps organizations define a unified security policy and maintain compliance.
SecureChange provides customers with the ability to automate changes across the network and public cloud while maintaining compliance with policy and security
standards. SecureApp provides application connectivity management and streamlines communication between application developers and network engineers.
SecureCloud provides cloud security policy management for cloud-native environments. The Tufin Marketplace provides apps and extensions from Tufin and our
community of cybersecurity partners that maximize return-on-investment by enhancing the overall value of security policy management implementations.
While historically we sold our products primarily as an on-premises perpetual license with annual maintenance, in 2021 we initiated our transition to a term-based
subscription license model. In this business model and in accordance with the terms of the given agreement, the customer has the right to use the software over a
designated period of time.
We sell our products and services through our sales force, including our field sales team and our inside sales team, which works closely with our global network of
over 150 active channel partners as of December 31, 2021. Our channel partners include distributors and resellers, as well as service delivery partners that help
customers successfully deploy, configure, customize and maintain our products and services.
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, our revenues were $100.8 million and $110.9 million, respectively, representing a year-over-year increase of
10%. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, our net loss was $35.4 million and $36.9 million, respectively.
Industry Background
Enterprises that lack a comprehensive security policy are facing challenges in balancing the necessary security and risk posture with their business requirements,
leaving security, network and compliance professionals overwhelmed. Several industry trends contribute to operational challenges in managing risk, as set forth
below:
•
Increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks. Enterprises worldwide are under constant security threat from both external cyberattacks and
malicious insiders in search of sensitive information and vital systems. Cyberattacks are increasingly able to breach networks and cloud infrastructures,
and locate and steal sensitive enterprise data. As a result, numerous enterprise boards are prioritizing and reshaping their cybersecurity approaches.
•
Growing complexity of software-defined networks. Enterprises have been undergoing a digital transformation. They are rapidly shifting on-premise
workloads to cloud environments to meet the changing demands of their markets and customers. To keep pace with this transformation, enterprises design
scalable and flexible workloads and connections, which increase network complexity and the velocity of changes. The rise of technologies such as
microservices and containers introduces additional complexity. The growing use of these dynamic technologies has raised business expectations on agility
and increased the need for a unified security approach across networks, applications and the cloud.
•
Accelerating pace of application development and deployment. The accelerating pace of business and technological developments requires numerous
and continuous application and infrastructure changes. The rise of the DevOps model, which is a set of software development practices that allows
applications and features to be rapidly developed and deployed, has led to increased release velocity. Enterprises that use manual change processes
struggle to keep pace and lack policy consistency, resulting in an ever-growing backlog of changes, delayed software releases and heightened security
exposure.
•
Evolving regulatory and compliance requirements. Global enterprises need to maintain compliance with a new wave of government regulations,
corporate security policies and industry standards related to privacy and cybersecurity. Manual changes to network policy are difficult to track and are
more likely to be non-compliant. As a result, enterprises seek cost-efficient security solutions to meet compliance requirements.
•
Legacy security approaches can no longer address cybersecurity threats in the ever-changing IT and cloud environments. Traditional security policy
management approaches address governance and control, but lack critical characteristics such as a unified security policy, automation, scalability, end-to-
end visibility and extensibility. We believe a new approach to enterprise security is necessary: a data-driven framework centered on policy management
and operationalized through automation.
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Our Products
Security and IT operations management has become an increasingly resource-intensive and high-risk task for enterprises. The accelerating pace of business and
technological developments require numerous application and infrastructure changes, and enterprise networks are becoming increasingly complex. Enterprises
often rely on their in-house network and security teams to manually process change requests, which increases the risk of human error and cybersecurity
vulnerabilities and delays the pace of application releases.
Enterprises use our security policy management products to create a unified security policy and give them the ability to implement accurate network changes in
minutes instead of days while improving their security posture and business agility. We offer four products that comprise the Tufin Orchestration Suite:
SecureTrack, SecureChange, SecureApp and SecureCloud. SecureTrack, SecureChange and SecureApp enable enterprises to unify, visualize and control their
security policy across heterogeneous networks, both on premise and in the cloud. SecureCloud provides visibility and control into the security posture of cloud-
native and hybrid cloud environments.
In 2020, we launched the Tufin Marketplace, a digital platform where customers can find and deploy apps and extensions that enhance the overall value of their
security policy management implementations. Powered by Tufin and our community of cybersecurity partners, the Tufin Marketplace provides apps that maximize
return-on-investment by integrating security policy data with other security technologies and practices.
To date, the most popular apps developed by Tufin and offered through the Tufin Marketplace are the SecureTrack Reports Pack, SecureChange Reports Pack and
the Vulnerability Mitigation App.
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Security Policy Automation for the Extended Enterprise
The Tufin Orchestration Suite provides a policy-centric solution for automatically designing, provisioning, analyzing and auditing enterprise security changes.
From applications to firewalls, our products provide advanced automation capabilities to increase business agility, eliminate errors stemming from manual
processes and ensure continuous compliance through a single interface. Our unified security policy empowers network and IT security teams to effectively
safeguard complex, heterogeneous environments through a central security policy, which can be applied over all of their IT and cloud environments and across
different platforms.
The majority of our customers initially purchase SecureTrack to monitor a portion of their networks. Initial product deployments frequently expand across
networks, departments, divisions and geographies in response to a need for an enterprise-wide approach for security policy management, as well as the need to
automate the network change process. Our “land and expand” sales strategy capitalizes on this potential. As we expanded our portfolio of solutions within the
Tufin Orchestration Suite, customers have increasingly purchased SecureChange and SecureApp on top of their initial transactions. With the accelerated adoption
of cloud infrastructure for application workloads, customers are purchasing SecureCloud to expand their visibility and control through security policy management
into cloud-native and hybrid cloud environments.
SecureTrack. Enterprises use SecureTrack to understand their enterprise security infrastructure and manage a wide range of devices from a central console.
SecureTrack enables security administrators to define and manage a centralized security policy, minimize the attack surface and ensure continuous compliance
across the network. SecureTrack also provides a foundation for our customers to use SecureChange and SecureApp, and delivers the following key benefits:
•
Policy definition. SecureTrack includes our unified security policy, which visualizes, defines and enforces a zone-to-zone segmentation policy that
dictates how users, systems and applications can communicate across the entire enterprise. Our unified security policy serves as the security policy
framework for the Tufin Orchestration Suite.
•
Security and compliance. SecureTrack provides monitoring, assessment and alerts on security and compliance risk, ensuring real-time accountability,
transparency and consistency with the unified security policy. It also generates a variety of configurable audit reports that support regulatory compliance
standards.
•
Visibility. SecureTrack builds a dynamic topology map of network connectivity across the enterprise and the cloud. It also provides real-time visibility
into all security policy configurations and changes. This visibility enables security teams to efficiently manage configuration changes, troubleshoot
problems and prepare for audits.
SecureChange. SecureChange is the change management and automation component of the Tufin Orchestration Suite. Enterprises use SecureChange to quickly
and accurately assess, provision and verify security configuration changes across physical networks and cloud platforms, while maintaining security and
compliance. SecureChange delivers the following key benefits:
•
Business agility. SecureChange increases business agility through security change automation. It automates manual change processes, giving them the
ability to implement changes in minutes instead of days.
•
Security and compliance. SecureChange proactively checks every change request for risk and compliance against the unified security policy before and
after changes are implemented. It also maintains comprehensive ticket and process documentation, which reduces the need for painstaking information
gathering and analysis before internal and external audits.
•
Control and accuracy. SecureChange reduces inaccuracies due to human error through automated change design and provisioning for multi-vendor
environments.
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SecureApp. SecureApp is the application management and secure connectivity automation component of the Tufin Orchestration Suite. Enterprises use SecureApp
to define, manage and monitor network connectivity for their applications. SecureApp delivers the following key benefits:
•
Visibility and control. SecureApp provides an intuitive interface to define application-critical connectivity needs. It serves as a central repository of
application connectivity requirements and indicates current connectivity status.
•
Business continuity and agility. SecureApp monitors network device configurations and alerts security administrators to changes that could affect
application availability. SecureApp also provides graphical diagnostic tools that help our customers identify, troubleshoot and automatically repair
connectivity issues. By providing detailed insight into an application’s connectivity needs and status, SecureApp accelerates service deployment, provides
business continuity and simplifies network operations.
•
Security and compliance. SecureApp proactively creates clean, reliable network configurations. It automatically recommends policy rule changes and
decommissions unnecessary network access paths that can lead to a security breach.
SecureCloud. SecureCloud is a security policy management service for cloud-native, multi-cloud, and hybrid-cloud applications and workloads. Enterprises use
SecureCloud to gain visibility into their cloud security posture, establish security policy guardrails, and ensure compliance with these security policies by
integrating with DevOps processes and tools to reduce risk and maintain security without compromising speed and agility. SecureCloud delivers the following key
benefits:
•
Visibility. SecureCloud provides visibility into the security of application connectivity in the cloud through the assessment of cloud access controls.
SecureCloud displays vulnerabilities and overly permissive access paths. ensuring adherence to industry standards and best practices.
•
Security Guardrails. SecureCloud defines policies to secure application connectivity across cloud-native, multi-cloud, and hybrid-cloud -platforms.
SecureCloud automatically generates the cloud-native control code required to enforce these policies, saving enterprises the cost and overhead of using
third-party products that introduce proprietary control points across their cloud environment.
•
Continuous Compliance. SecureCloud integrates directly into cloud-native application development processes and DevOps CI/CD automation pipelines,
ensuring continuous compliance checks of enterprise security policy throughout the entire life-cycle of cloud application development and deployment
efforts.
•
Enterprise-wide Security Policy Management. With SecureCloud, Tufin Orchestration Suite provides a comprehensive platform that enterprises can use to
manage security policies across their entire estate, from on-premise to hybrid cloud environments.
Vulnerability Mitigation App (VMA). The Tufin Vulnerability Mitigation App (VMA), offered as part of the Tufin Marketplace, enables organizations to prioritize
remediation and mitigation efforts by enhancing vulnerability scanner output with network insights. By combining vulnerability measures (e.g. CVSS and severity)
with insights into how these vulnerabilities may be accessed and exploited via the network, customers have the context to identify and address vulnerabilities that
pose the greatest threat to their critical business assets.
•
Out-of-the-Box Integration. VMA provides out-of-the-box integration with the most widely used vulnerability management solutions, including Rapid7
Nexpose, Rapid7 InsightVM, Qualys VMDR, Tenable.io, and Tenable.sc.
•
Risk Mitigation. Tufin VMA automates risk mitigation by implementing network changes that block access to the critical asset until vulnerability
remediation efforts can be fully implemented.
•
Comprehensive Dashboard. VMA also includes a comprehensive dashboard, monitors and measures risk exposure over time, and highlights overall
vulnerability exposure and the impact of mitigation and remediation efforts networkwide.
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Our Technology
Our comprehensive security policy management solutions rely on a set of proprietary technologies that provide a high level of security, scalability and
performance. Our core technologies, which serve as the foundation of both our network and cloud-based products, include analysis engines, a provisioning engine,
Application Programming Interface (“API”) integrations and infrastructure technology.
Analysis Engines
•
Topology intelligence. Our topology intelligence engine uses network routing algorithms to calculate the paths between different points on the network
and provides our customers with a graphic display of devices and data flows. Network administrators use our topology intelligence to quickly determine
which devices and cloud platforms a network connection can traverse, which enables them to automate network path analysis and troubleshoot issues.
•
Network usage analysis engine. Our network usage analysis engine detects unused elements of a security policy by analyzing network flows and traffic
hits over a specified time period. Our technology leverages an automated workflow process to decommission unnecessary access and reduce the attack
surface.
•
Policy analysis engine. Our policy analysis engine calculates the expected connectivity and access behavior of network devices and cloud platforms.
Security administrators can use different parameters and logic to determine in real time if supported network devices and cloud security groups will allow
or block specific connections.
•
Risk and compliance analysis engines. Our risk engine proactively analyzes risk by identifying potential security violations, checking the existing
configuration or the proposed access changes against the unified security policy. Our compliance analysis engine creates an audit trail in real time by
automatically documenting any remedial changes.
Our technology also provides cloud-based security automation for applications developed in CI/CD mode. Our CI/CD vulnerability scanning and compliance
validation embeds security at the development and testing stage, and enables our customers’ DevOps teams to quickly identify security issues, reducing the
probability of vulnerabilities in production environments.
•
Change designer engine. Our change designer engine automates enterprise security access requests. It first identifies the connection-relevant network
devices and cloud platforms based on topology intelligence, and then recommends the optimal policy change based on information from the policy
analysis engine. Our technology provides vendor-specific suggestions that maximize security and performance, while offering accurate configuration
changes designed to be intuitive and user friendly.
37
Provisioning Engine
•
Change provisioning engine. Our technology automatically implements policy changes approved by security administrators. Our automated change
provisioning engine supports all major network, security and cloud vendors. In zero-touch automation mode, our technology automatically applies
recommended policy changes without the need for human intervention.
API Integrations
•
Extensible APIs. Our technology features a RESTful API framework to enable extensibility and interoperability with third-party systems, including
ticketing and service management systems such as ServiceNow and BMC Remedy. Our professional services team, as well as our customers and partners,
use the API framework to supplement the Tufin Orchestration Suite with additional functionality by integrating with the third-party security ecosystem.
We integrate with leading network and cloud platforms, such as Checkpoint, Cisco, Fortinet, Palo Alto Networks, F5 Networks, Forcepoint, Juniper
Networks, VMware, AWS, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure and Kubernetes, to provide vendor agnostic solutions, which is key to our value proposition.
In addition, we believe our technology alliance partner program, which is an ecosystem of technology partners who build certified integrations to our
products, helps to expand our common use cases.
Infrastructure Technology
•
Distributed architecture. Customers can deploy our products across multiple distributed servers. Rather than monitoring all devices and platforms from a
single server, remote collectors monitor local network devices (e.g., firewalls and routers), process the raw data and upload compressed data to a central
server over a secure connection. Using a fully distributed architecture, our products can easily scale to meet the demands of large organizations.
•
SaaS architecture. SecureCloud, is offered as Software-as-a-Service, and is able to scale up and scale out to meet the demands of various customer
deployment scenarios and architectures, with built in multi-tenancy and high availability.
•
Tufin Orchestration Suite Aurora. Aurora is the next generation of the Tufin Orchestration Suite, which runs in microservices on Kubernetes. This
architecture will enable us to offer SecureTrack, SecureChange, and SecureApp to our customers as a service in the future. Aurora allows for more agile
research and development and gives us the ability to scale out to the largest networks in the world, advancing our leadership in scalability. Also, Aurora
provides a refresh and more modern user interface that customers will find easy and intuitive to use.
Our Services
Professional Services
Our professional services team helps customers with product deployment, integration, customization, optimization, operation and training. We support initial
product setup, implementation and configuration, and help customers integrate our products with existing third-party applications and internally developed tools.
Our professional services team also helps customers define their unified security policy, model their network topology, configure workflows, discover application
connectivity and deliver customized reporting according to their requirements. In addition, we provide technical training so that our customers can use our products
with confidence. We also enable our authorized service delivery partners to provide similar professional services.
Maintenance and Support
We offer several levels of technical support for our products by providing customers with access to our user and partner portal, our knowledge center and our
regional support centers. We provide customers with software bug repairs, system enhancements and updates, as well as access to our technical support experts.
Our support engineers liaise with our product experts to diagnose and solve our customers’ technical challenges. In addition to post-sales support activities, we
emphasize service readiness by coordinating with our product management team to define prerequisite product and service quality levels prior to their release.
Additionally, our designated support engineers serve as ongoing, accessible customer resources.
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Sales and Marketing
Sales
We sell our products and services through our sales force, including our field sales team and our inside sales team, which works closely with our global network of
over 150 active channel partners as of December 31, 2021.
Our highly trained sales force is responsible for overall market development. Our sales force consists of our field sales team, which accounts for most of our sales,
and our inside sales team. Our field sales team targets large organizations, which we define as those comprising the Global 2000, while our inside sales team
targets mid-market companies that do not belong to the Global 2000. Within our field sales team, our regional field sales representatives develop new business
relationships with our key customers, and our channel account managers support and expand existing relationships with our channel partners. Our sales engineers
provide technical expertise and support, and architect our solutions to address the business needs of our customers. Our sales cycle usually lasts several months
from proof of concept to purchase order, and is often longer for larger transactions. As of December 31, 2021, we had sales personnel in 19 countries. Although our
transition to a term-based subscription license model did not materially change our sales or marketing efforts in 2021, we expect to continue to hire sales personnel
in order to support our growth plans.
Our channel partners include distributors and resellers, as well as service delivery partners that help customers successfully deploy, configure, customize and
maintain our products and services. In addition, on October 2, 2018, we launched our “Tufin as a Service” program – a consumption-based, pay-per-use services
model that enables Managed Security Service Providers, or MSSPs, to offer our security policy management solutions to their customers.
Marketing
Our marketing strategy is focused on promoting brand awareness through differentiated positioning, messaging and thought leadership. We achieve this by
educating the market on effective security policy change management, communicating our product advantages and business benefits, generating leads for our sales
force and channel partners, and promoting our brand. We market our products and services as enterprise security policy management solutions for complex
networks and cloud-based environments.
We execute our marketing strategy by leveraging a combination of internal marketing professionals, external marketing partners and a network of platform and
technology partners. Our internal marketing enterprise is responsible for branding, digital content generation and targeted advertising through active digital
channels. We actively drive thought leadership by providing community education through our online technical webinars in multiple regions. We host and sponsor
demand-generation events, including our channel and technical partners’ events and our annual worldwide customer conferences, Tufinnovate, as well as local
events for specific customers and prospect accounts in multiple regions. In 2021, we hosted the Tufinnovate conferences virtually, and plan to do the same in 2022.
Although some of the face-to-face interaction was not possible in a virtual event, we had double the number of attendees in the virtual Tufinnovate conference,
compared to the in person Tufinnovate conferences in 2019. Our conferences and events demonstrate our strong commitment to enabling our partners and
customers to succeed, and provide an opportunity to create a pipeline for new sales to prospective customers and additional sales to existing customers.
Research and Development
Continued investment in research and development is critical to our business. Our research and development efforts focus primarily on improving our existing
products and services with additional innovative features and functionality, as well as developing new products and services. For example, we regularly release
enhanced capabilities of the Tufin Orchestration Suite. We believe the timely development of new products, including both on-premise and cloud solutions, is
essential to maintaining our competitive position.
In the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, our research and development expenses were $35.0 million and $39.6 million, respectively. We plan to continue
investing significantly in research and development initiatives across our global innovation centers in Tel Aviv, Israel, Karmiel, Israel and Bucharest, Romania. By
spreading our research and development team across multiple locations, we increase our access to highly-skilled engineering talent, which we believe provides us
opportunities for evolution and growth.
Intellectual Property
Our commercial success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our core technologies and other intellectual property assets. We rely on a combination of trade
secrets, copyright and trademark laws, confidentiality procedures, technical know-how and continuing innovation to protect our intellectual property and maintain
our competitive advantage. Our technical personnel use their skills, knowledge and experience to develop, strengthen and maintain our proprietary position in the
security policy automation market. In addition, we seek to protect our intellectual property by filing Israeli, U.S. and other foreign patent applications related to our
proprietary technology.
Our software and other proprietary information are protected by copyright on creation. Copyright registrations, which have so far not been necessary, may be
sought on an as-needed basis. We also control access to and use of our proprietary software, proprietary technology and other confidential information through the
use of internal and external controls, including contractual agreements containing confidentiality obligations with our employees, independent consultants,
independent contractors, professional services team, partners and customers. Our confidentiality agreements are designed to protect our proprietary information,
and the clauses requiring assignment of inventions are designed to grant us ownership of technologies that are developed through our relationship with the
respective counterparty. We also license software from third parties for use in developing our products and for integration into our products, including open source
software. Despite our efforts to protect our trade secrets and proprietary rights through intellectual property rights, confidentiality agreements and licenses
(including non-disclosure and invention assignment agreements), unauthorized parties may still copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property and
technology.
39
As of December 31, 2021, we had registered three trademarks in the United States, six trademarks in Israel and two trademarks in the European Union. As of
December 31, 2021, we had 14 issued patents in the United States and five issued patents in Israel.
Competition
The security policy management market in which we operate is relatively new and evolving. We are a leading provider of enterprise security automation and
management products. In many cases, our primary competition is in-house, manual, spreadsheet driven processes and home-grown approaches to security
management. Our direct competitors include vendors such as AlgoSec, Inc., FireMon, LLC and Skybox Security LLC that offer solutions that compete with all or
some of our products or product features. We also indirectly compete with large IT companies that offer a broad array of traditional security management solutions,
such as Palo Alto Networks and Cisco Systems, Inc., for a share of enterprises’ IT security budgets. In the cloud, direct competition to SecureCloud has not fully
emerged, although our traditional competitors have added some capabilities in this area. The cloud security vendor landscape is crowded and many company
offerings overlap. In particular, we may compete with tools from firewall vendors that provide visibility into cloud access policies for their proprietary platforms.
SecureCloud is differentiated from such tools by enabling enterprise buyers to avoid vendor lock-in associated with proprietary enforcement solutions, ultimately
having the ability to optimize how they enforce policy and manage costs using a security policy management system across multi-vendor environments.
As our market further develops, we anticipate that competition will increase based on customer demand for security automation and management solutions.
Furthermore, we believe enterprises will allocate an increasing portion of their IT security budgets, and specifically security management spending, to operational
security and automation solutions.
The principal competitive factors in our market include:
•
security change automation;
•
multi-vendor integration and heterogeneous network topology;
•
application connectivity in modern IT and cloud environments;
•
efficacy in provisioned and cloud-native environments;
•
suitability for DevOps processes and microservice architectures;
•
scalability and overall performance; and
•
strong relationships with existing IT vendors.
Our Customers
Since our inception, our solutions have been purchased by over 2,000 customers in over 70 countries, including approximately 19% of the Global 2000. We sell
substantially all of our products and services through our global network of channel partners, including distributors and resellers, who then sell to end-user
customers. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, our two largest channel partners accounted for 15% and 10% of our revenues and 15% and 12% of
our revenues, respectively. Our agreements with these channel partners provide that each partner agrees to sell and distribute our products within certain territories
for one year. These agreements are nonexclusive and non-transferable, and automatically renew unless terminated by either party after providing prior written
notice.
When analyzing our business, we refer to end-user customers as our customers throughout this Item, even when our direct commercial relationship is with a
channel partner. Our customers include leading enterprises across a broad range of geographies in a diverse set of industries, including financial services,
telecommunications, automotive, manufacturing, energy, healthcare and pharmaceuticals, technology, government, retail and business services.
Our diverse global footprint is evidenced by the fact that, for the year ended December 31, 2021, we generated 51.3%, 42.3% and 6.4% our revenues from
customers in the Americas, EMEA and APAC, respectively.
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Properties
Our corporate headquarters are located in Tel Aviv, Israel in an office consisting of approximately 62,859 square feet, where we employ our primary research and
development team and a portion of our support and general administrative teams. The lease for this office expires January 31, 2029 (with an option to extend until
January 31, 2034). Our U.S. headquarters are located in Boston, Massachusetts in an office consisting of approximately 3,214 rentable square feet, where we
employ a portion of our marketing and general administrative teams. The lease for this office expires in December 31, 2023. During the first quarter of 2020, we
relocated to a new office in Boston, Massachusetts, consisting of approximately 8,982 rentable square feet. We also lease an office in Karmiel, Israel (which serves
as a research and development site), Akron, Ohio (which hosts the Americas technology support, professional services and inside sales teams) and Reading,
England (which hosts the European inside sales team). We believe our facilities are sufficient to meet our current needs and anticipate that suitable additional space
will be readily available to accommodate any foreseeable expansion of our operations.
Seasonality
We generally expect an increase in business activity as we approach our fiscal year end in December, driven by our customers’ buying patterns. We believe that
these seasonal trends will continue to affect our quarterly results. Large individual sales have, in some cases, occurred in quarters subsequent to those we
anticipated or have not occurred at all. The loss or delay of one or more large transactions in a quarter could impact our anticipated results of operations for that
quarter and future quarters for which revenues from that transaction is delayed.
C.
Organizational Structure
The legal name of our company is Tufin Software Technologies Ltd. and we are organized under the laws of the State of Israel. We have six wholly-owned
subsidiaries:
Name of Subsidiary
Place of Incorporation
Tufin Software North America Inc.
Delaware, United States
Tufin Software Europe Limited
United Kingdom
Tufin Software France SARL
France
Tufin Software Germany GmbH
Germany
Tufin Software Australia Pty Ltd
Australia
Tufin Software SRL
Romania
D.
Property, Plants and Equipment
See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Properties” for a discussion of property, plants and equipment.
ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
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ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
Company Overview
We are pioneering a policy-centric approach to security and IT operations. We transform enterprises’ security operations by helping them visualize, define and
enforce a unified security policy across complex, heterogeneous IT and cloud environments and by providing them tools to manage configurations and automate
changes to their security networks. Our products govern how individuals, systems and applications are permitted to communicate and provide policy-based security
automation, enabling customers to reduce the time to implement complex network changes from days to minutes. Our solutions increase business agility, eliminate
errors from manual processes and ensure continuous compliance through a single console.
Since our inception, our solutions have been purchased by over 2,000 customers in over 70 countries, including approximately 19% of the Global 2000.
We generate revenues from sales of our products and associated maintenance and professional services. We primarily sell our software through term-based
subscription license agreements and perpetual license agreements. Our products offer the same functionality whether our customers receive them through a
perpetual or term-based license. Our agreements with customers for software licenses include maintenance contracts and may also include professional services
contracts. Maintenance revenues consist of fees for providing software updates and technical support for our products for a specified term, which is typically one or
three years. We offer a portfolio of professional services and extended support contract options to assist our customers with integration, customization,
optimization, training and ongoing advanced technical support.
Our goal is to provide significant benefits to customers seeking to enforce enterprise-wide security policies and automate network change process, which we
believe will enable us to maximize the lifetime value of our customers. We believe our existing customers serve as a strong source of incremental revenues given
our multiple product offerings and the growing complexity of IT and cloud environments and networks. Our products provide customers the flexibility to initially
deploy one or more of our products in all or parts of their IT and cloud environments, and further expand deployment as they purchase additional products or cover
additional parts of their IT and cloud environments. We believe our “land and expand” sales strategy capitalizes on this potential. We make significant investments
in acquiring new customers, both as term-based subscription licenses and perpetual licenses, and expect to achieve a favorable return on investments by
maintaining a high level of customer retention for both term-based subscription licenses and maintenance contracts for perpetual licenses, which we define as our
renewal rate. Our renewal rates are generally derived from dividing actual renewal sales in the trailing 12 months period by our total prior period sales that where
up to renewal in the trailing 12 months period.
We derive an increasing portion of our revenues from existing customers. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, we generated approximately 71%
and 73% of our revenues, respectively, excluding maintenance renewals, from existing customers.
We believe our diverse global footprint provides a significant growth opportunity. We aim to continue to expand our business globally, particularly in the
Americas and EMEA where our main target markets are. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we generated 51% of our revenues from customers in the
Americas, 42% of our revenues from customers in EMEA and 7% of our revenues from customers in APAC.
We expect sales in the Americas to continue to account for a majority of our revenues. Our customers include leading enterprises across a broad range of
geographies in a diverse set of industries, including financial services, telecommunications, automotive, manufacturing, energy, healthcare and pharmaceuticals,
technology, government, retail and business services. We believe our expansion within the Global 2000 is a key indicator of our market penetration and the value
that our products provide to large customers.
We sell our products and services through our sales force, including our field sales team and our inside sales team, which works closely with our global network of
over 150 active channel partners as of December 31, 2021. Our highly trained sales force is responsible for overall market development. Our sales force consists of
our field sales team, which accounts for most of our sales, and our inside sales team. Our field sales team targets large organizations, which we generally define as
those comprising the Global 2000, while our inside sales team targets mid-market companies that do not belong to the Global 2000. Within our field sales team,
our regional field sales representatives develop new business relationships with our key customers, and our channel account managers support and expand existing
relationships with our channel partners. Our sales engineers provide technical expertise and support, and architect our solutions to address the business needs of our
customers. Our sales cycle usually lasts several months from proof of concept to purchase order and is often longer for larger transactions. As of December 31,
2021, we had sales personnel in 19 countries.
Our channel partners include distributors and resellers, as well as service delivery partners that help customers successfully deploy, configure and maintain our
products and services. We sell substantially all of our products and services through our global network of channel partners, who then sell to end-user customers.
When analyzing our business, we refer to end-user customers as our customers throughout this Item, even when our direct commercial relationship is with a
channel partner. We consider our channel partners active if they have sold our products or services in the trailing 12-month period.
We integrate with leading network and cloud platforms, such as Checkpoint, Cisco, Fortinet, Palo Alto Networks, F5 Networks, Forcepoint, Juniper Networks,
Zscaler, VMware, AWS, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure and Kubernetes, to provide vendor agnostic solutions, which is key to our value proposition. In addition,
we believe our technology alliance partner program, which is an ecosystem of technology partners who build certified integrations to our products, helps to expand
our common use cases.
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, our revenues were $100.8 million and $110.9 million, respectively, representing year-over-year increase of
10%.
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Key Performance Indicators
We monitor the following key performance indicators to help us evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate
business plans and make strategic decisions. Our key performance indicators may be calculated in a manner different than similar key performance indicators used
by other companies.
•
Number of Customers. We believe the size of our customer base is an indicator of our market penetration and our net customer additions are an indicator
of the growth of our business and future revenue opportunity. We believe we have a significant opportunity to expand our footprint through new
installations and displacement of our competitors’ solutions. To do so, we plan to continue to grow our sales team, leverage our channel partner
relationships and enhance our marketing efforts.
We believe organizations choose us for our customer-first approach, continuing innovation and seamless integration with third-party technologies.
We define a customer as a distinct entity, division or business unit of a company that has purchased our products or services and is eligible to receive maintenance
and support. Since our inception, our solutions have been purchased by over 2,000 customers in over 70 countries, including approximately 19% of the Global
2000. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, we had 1,728 and 1,860 active customers, respectively.
•
Revenues from Existing Customers. We believe our existing customers provide a significant source of revenue growth. We derive an increasing portion of
our revenues from existing customers. For example, during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, we generated approximately 71% and 73% of
our revenues, respectively, excluding maintenance renewals, from existing customers.
•
Maintenance Renewal Rates. We believe our maintenance renewal rates are an important metric to measure our ability to provide significant value to our
existing customers. We generate incremental maintenance revenues when our customers renew their maintenance contracts. We measure the maintenance
renewal rate of our customers over a trailing 12-month period, based on a dollar renewal rate of contracts expiring during that time period. For each of the
years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, our maintenance renewal rate was over 90%. Our key strategies to maintain our renewal rate include
continuing to provide more valuable features and network device coverage in our product updates, focusing on the quality and reliability of our customer
service and support and ensuring our customers receive value from our products.
•
Sales to Large Organizations. In the year ended December 31, 2021, large organizations, which we define as those comprising the Global 2000,
accounted for 64% of our revenues, compared to 63% of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 2020, in each case excluding maintenance
renewals. Sales to large organizations involve a distinct set of opportunities and challenges. Large organizations sales are characterized by longer sales
cycles and additional time and resources spent on a potential customer.
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, the average spend for all customers, excluding maintenance renewals, was $102,000 and $117,648, respectively.
During those years, the average spend for Global 2000 customers, excluding maintenance renewals, was $155,000 and $193,123, respectively; and the average
spend for non-Global 2000 customers, excluding maintenance renewals, was $67,000 and $69,936, respectively. We define average spend as total sales, excluding
maintenance renewals, for the relevant customer group (i.e., all customers, Global 2000 customers or non-Global 2000 customers) divided by the number of
customers belonging to such customer group.
•
Seasonality. We generally expect an increase in business activity in the fourth quarter, driven by our customers’ buying patterns. We believe that these
seasonal trends will continue to affect our quarterly results. The loss or delay of one or more large transactions in a quarter could impact our anticipated
results of operations for that quarter and future quarters for which revenues from that transaction is delayed.
•
Non-GAAP Gross Profit, non-GAAP Operating Income (Loss) and Non-GAAP Net Loss. We believe that providing non-
GAAP financial measures that exclude, as applicable, share-based compensation expense and certain non-recurring costs, as well as,
the tax effect of these non-GAAP adjustments, allows for more meaningful comparisons between our operating results from period to period. These non-
GAAP financial measures are an important tool for financial and operational decision-making and for evaluating our operating results over different
periods.
We define Non-GAAP gross profit, Non-GAAP operating income (loss) and Non-GAAP net loss as follows:
•
“Non-GAAP gross profit” as gross profit excluding share-based compensation expense.
•
“Non-GAAP operating income (loss)” as operating income (loss) excluding share-based compensation expense, shelf registration costs and one-time
expenses associated with the reorganization of one of our subsidiaries.
•
“Non-GAAP net loss” as net loss excluding share-based compensation expense, shelf registration costs and one-time expenses associated with the
reorganization of one of our subsidiaries and the tax effect of these non-GAAP adjustments.
43
The following tables show the applicable non-GAAP financial measure along with the comparable GAAP financial measure.
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
(in thousands)
Gross profit
$
80,587 $
87,837
Non-GAAP gross profit
82,611
89,649
Operating loss
$
(33,925) $
(36,329)
Non-GAAP operating loss
(18,452)
(22,433)
Net loss
$
(35,406) $
(36,926)
Non-GAAP net loss
(20,634)
(25,820)
The following tables reconcile gross profit, operating loss and net loss, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures, to non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP
operating income (loss) and non-GAAP net loss for the periods presented:
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
(in thousands)
Reconciliation of Gross Profit to Non-GAAP Gross Profit:
Gross profit
$
80,587 $
87,837
Add:
Share-based compensation expense
$
2,024 $
1,812
Non-GAAP gross profit
$
82,611 $
89,649
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
(in thousands)
Reconciliation of Operating Loss to Non-GAAP Operating Loss:
Operating loss
$
(33,925) $
(36,329)
Add:
Share-based compensation expense
$
15,025 $
13,896
Shelf registration costs
126
-
One-time reorganization charges
322
-
Non-GAAP operating loss
$
(18,452) $
(22,433)
44
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
(in thousands)
Reconciliation of Net Loss to Non-GAAP Net Loss:
Net loss
$
(35,406) $
(36,329)
Add:
Share-based compensation expense
$
15,025 $
13,896
Shelf registration costs
126
-
One-time reorganization charges
322
-
Taxes on income related to non-GAAP adjustments
(701)
(2,790)
Non-GAAP net loss
$
(20,634) $
(25,820)
Because of varying available valuation methodologies, subjective assumptions and the variety of equity instruments that can impact a company’s non-cash
expense, we believe that providing non-GAAP financial measures that exclude non-cash share-based compensation expense allows for more meaningful
comparisons between our operating results from period to period. In addition, we believe that providing non-GAAP financial measures that exclude shelf
registration costs and one-time expenses associated with the reorganization of one of our subsidiaries allows for more meaningful comparisons between our
operating results from period to period since these non-recurring costs are not representative or indicative of our ongoing operations. We also believe that the tax
effects related to the non-GAAP adjustments set forth above do not reflect the performance of our core business and would impact period-to-period comparability.
Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP operating income (loss) and non-GAAP net income
(loss) differently or not at all, which reduces the usefulness of these non-GAAP financial measures for comparison. These non-GAAP financial measures should be
considered along with other financial performance measures, including gross profit, operating income (loss) and net income (loss), and our financial results
presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We urge investors to review the reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the comparable U.S. GAAP
financial measures included below, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
Transition to Term-Based Subscription License Business Model
In February 2021, we announced our transition to a term-based subscription license business model. This strategic initiative had a positive impact on our business,
and we believe it will increase our recurring revenues and will result in higher visibility over time, supporting our long-term future growth plans. As we continue
our transition to a term-based subscription license business model, we expect a greater portion of our products to be delivered through term-based subscription
licenses. Shifts in the mix of whether our solutions are sold as term-based subscription licenses could result in fluctuations in our bookings and revenues. We also
expect that maintenance revenues associated with perpetual license contracts will decline over the long term as we will sell fewer perpetual licenses. In addition,
we anticipate that the shift toward a recurring revenue business will result in an increase in annualized recurring revenues. Our subscription license renewal rate is
an important parameter that will help us to achieve our long-term goals. Our key strategies to ensure high renewals rates, both for subscription licenses and
maintenance agreements, include focusing on the quality and reliability of our product and customer service and support, ensuring our customers receive value
from our products, as well as providing valuable software upgrades and enhancements when and if they are available.
•
Annualized recurring revenues. We consider annualized recurring revenues (“ARR”) as a performance indicator which is defined as the annualized value
of active term-based subscription license contracts, SaaS contracts and maintenance contracts related to perpetual licenses in effect at the end of a period.
Such contracts are annualized by dividing the total contract value by the number of months of its term and multiplying by twelve (12). As of December
31, 2020 and 2021, ARR was approximately $60 million and $72 million, respectively. The annualized value of contracts is a legal and contractual
determination made by assessing the contractual terms with our customers. ARR is not determined by reference to historical revenues, deferred revenues
or any other GAAP financial measure over any period. ARR is not a forecast of future revenues and should not be perceived as such. Our ARR, can be
impacted by contract start and end dates and renewal rates and does not include revenue associated with the sales of perpetual software licenses,
hardware, or professional services.
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COVID-19 Impacts
In light of the ongoing spread of COVID-19, including the global emergence of new variants, government and public health authorities continue to recommend
measures, and companies otherwise are taking voluntary efforts as preventative measures, to attempt to contain and mitigate the effects of the virus. Current efforts
include social distancing, travel restrictions, shutdowns, quarantine requirements, restrictions on trade, as well as other measures directed at or impacting
businesses. In response to these measures, we have made certain adjustments to our operations as we continue to provide our offerings to current and prospective
customers. For example, we continue to employ a hybrid remote-work arrangement by permitting the majority of our employees to work remotely while
maintaining a limited onsite presence in our offices worldwide.
As a preventative measure to mitigate uncertainties associated with COVID-19, we have continued to take certain cost reduction measures, including shifting our
customer events to virtual-only platforms, which resulted in realized savings in fiscal years 2020 and 2021 as a result of our placing restrictions on travel and
limiting in-person events.
While during the beginning stages of the COVID-19 pandemic we experienced a slow-down in our business, resulting in decreased revenues for fiscal year 2020 as
compared to fiscal year 2019, we experienced signs of recovery starting in the second half of fiscal year 2020 and continuing through fiscal year 2021. For the year
ended December 31, 2021, we experienced moderate growth, with an increase in revenue of 10% as compared to fiscal year 2020. However, we cannot estimate if
the signs of recovery will continue or were temporary (in which case we may go back to experiencing a slowdown in our business).
As the COVID-19 pandemic has caused more organizations to shift to a remote workforce, we believe the value and scalability of our security management
products and services have become even more appealing to customers who seek to operate safely and for the long-term in a virtual world. In particular, as has
proven evident over the last fiscal year, we have experienced an increased desire by organizations to protect their networks and achieve regulatory compliance.
Companies around the world now have employees working remotely from potentially vulnerable home networks, accessing critical on-premises data stores and
infrastructure through VPNs and sharing information on cloud environments. As these remote working conditions have created and continue to create vulnerable
conditions for cyberattacks, we aim to continue developing and marketing our products and solutions to help protect data and infrastructure against attackers.
Further, we believe that enterprises understand that a data-centric approach to security is critical and that these elevated risks are expected to remain in the long-
term
We continue to monitor, assess and respond to the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations and our customers, partners and suppliers. In
addition, we continue to actively evaluate and respond to new developments relating to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic, which has and is expected to result in
continued significant global, social and business disruptions.
While we believe that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has not had an immediate material adverse impact on our financial performance has subsided, our
business may yet be negatively impacted by the pandemic, its duration and the ability to contain the virus and its variant strains ultimately remain unknown. The
extent to which COVID-19 impacts our business going forward will depend on numerous evolving factors that we cannot reliably predict, including the duration
and scope of the pandemic, the efficiency of available vaccines and the availability of such vaccines to the worldwide population, governmental, business, and
individuals' actions in response to the pandemic, and the impact on economic activity including the possibility of a recession or financial market instability. For a
discussion of the risks surrounding this uncertainty and its potential impacts on our business, including management’s accounting estimates and assumptions, see
“Item 3.D. Risk Factors.—COVID-19, including the efforts to mitigate its impact, have, and may continue to have an impact on our business, liquidity, results of
operations, financial condition and price of our securities”.
Components of Statements of Operations
Revenues
We derive our revenues from the following:
Product Revenues. We generate product revenues from sales of our software licenses and third-party hardware to new customers and sales of additional licenses
and third-party hardware to existing customers. We generate the vast majority of our revenues through sales of software with less than 4% of our revenues
generated through sales of third-party hardware. In the year ended December 31, 2020, we primarily sold our software through perpetual license agreements and, to
a lesser extent, term-based license agreements. In 2021 we primarily sold our software through term-based license agreements. As a percentage of total revenues,
we expect our product revenues to vary from quarter to quarter based on seasonal and cyclical factors. We are focused on acquiring new customers as well as
increasing product revenues from our existing customers.
Maintenance and Professional Services Revenues. We generate maintenance and professional services revenues by selling maintenance contracts and, to a lesser
extent, by providing professional services to our customers. Maintenance includes software updates and technical support. Our contracts with customers for
software licenses include maintenance for a specified term. We recognize revenues associated with maintenance on a straight-line basis over the specified
maintenance period. Professional services consist of deployment services for our products, and implementation of our solutions and their integration in the
customer’s environment.
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We recognize revenues associated with professional services as we perform the services. As a percentage of total revenues, we expect our maintenance and
professional services revenues to vary from quarter to quarter based on fluctuations in license sales, maintenance renewal rates, professional services attach rates
and cyclical factors. The increase in maintenance is attributable to the growth in our software license sales to new and existing customers.
See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements “Significant Accounting Policies—Revenue recognition” for more information.
Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit
Our total cost of revenues is comprised of the following:
Cost of Product Revenues. Cost of product revenues consist primarily of personnel costs (including share-based compensation) associated with the processing and
delivery of our software licenses to customers and, to a lesser extent, the purchase and delivery of third-party hardware, as well as other overhead costs. There is no
direct cost of revenues associated with our software products because we deliver our software products electronically. Electronic delivery occurs when we provide
the customer with access to the software and license key via a secure portal. Our cost of product revenues is primarily impacted by the number of personnel
involved in the delivery of our products, as well as our third-party hardware revenues.
Cost of Maintenance and Professional Services Revenues. Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues consist primarily of personnel costs for those
responsible for providing maintenance and support and professional services to our global customer base. Such personnel costs consist of salaries, benefits,
bonuses and share-based compensation.
Gross profit is total revenues less total cost of revenues. Gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of total revenues. Our gross margin fluctuates from
quarter-to-quarter based on the total revenue amount for the quarter, the mix of product revenues and maintenance and professional services revenues. We expect
our gross margins to continue to fluctuate.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses consist of research and development expenses, sales and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses. For each category,
personnel costs are the most significant component of our operating expenses. Personnel costs consist of salaries and employee benefits (including vacation
expenses, bonuses and share-based compensation). Sales commissions account for a significant portion of our sales and marketing compensation costs.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs attributable to our research and development personnel,
subcontractors and consultants, as well as allocated overhead costs. We expense research and development expenses as incurred. We expect to continue to invest in
our research and development and other long-term strategic initiatives, as we plan to further strengthen our technology platform and enhance our current and future
product and service offerings.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses are the largest component of our operating expenses and consist primarily of personnel costs, including
variable compensation, as well as marketing and business development costs (including marketing campaigns and tradeshows), travel expenses and allocated
overhead costs. We expect sales and marketing expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars and account for the majority of our operating costs as we
expand our international sales and marketing efforts.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs, including share-based compensation expense, for
our executive, finance, IT, human resources, legal and administrative personnel. General and administrative expenses also include external legal, accounting,
directors and officer’s insurance expenses, other professional service fees and allocated overhead. We expect that general and administrative expenses will increase
in absolute dollars in the near term as we continue to support the company needs and our operations as a public company, including maintaining compliance with
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related regulations.
Financial Income (expense), Net
Financial income (expense), net, consists primarily of bank charges, interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents restricted bank deposits and marketable
securities, amortization of premium or accretion of discount on our marketable securities and foreign currency exchange fluctuations. Foreign currency exchange
fluctuations reflect gains or losses related to transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, particularly the NIS, the Euro and the GBP. As a
result of our global presence, we expect to continue to incur expenses in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As such, we expect our exposure to fluctuations in
foreign currencies to continue.
47
Taxes on Income
The standard corporate tax rate in Israel for 2021 and thereafter was 23%. We have net operating loss carry forwards. As of December 31, 2021, our net operating
loss carry forwards for Israeli tax purposes amounted to approximately $110 million. Under Israeli law, net operating losses can be carried forward indefinitely and
offset against certain future taxable income. We expect that if or when we become profitable, we will generate the substantial majority of our taxable income in
Israel. However, no tax benefit was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021 for the deferred tax assets of the Israeli entity, since we have
recorded a full valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets which are less likely than not to be realized.
In addition, we are entitled to tax benefits under the Investment Law in Israel in respect of our status as a Benefited Enterprise. Under the Investment Law, our
effective tax rate to be paid with respect to our Israeli taxable income as a Benefited Enterprise may be lower than the standard corporate tax rate. The tax benefit
period for the Benefited Enterprise program under the Investment Law is expected to end in 2022. The availability of these tax benefits is subject to certain
requirements, including making specified investments in property and equipment, and financing a percentage of investments with share capital. If we do not meet
these requirements in the future, the tax benefits may be canceled and we could be required to refund any tax benefits that we have already received.
Our subsidiaries currently generate taxable income. To the extent that we generate taxable income in Israel, our effective tax rate will be a weighted average rate
based on the applicable U.S., European, Australian and Israeli tax rates.
A.
Operating Results
We are providing within this section a supplemental discussion that compares our historical statement of operations data in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. The below tables provide data for each of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The following
discussion and analysis are based on our consolidated financial statements including the related notes, and should be read in conjunction with them. Our
consolidated financial statements are provided in “Item 18 – Financial Statements”.
For discussion related to our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019, refer to Part I, Item 5.
“Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, which was originally filed with
the SEC on March 2, 2021, and subsequently by amendment on March 8, 2021.
48
Comparison of Period to Period Results of Operations
Results of Operations
The following tables summarize our results of operations in dollars and as a percentage of our total revenues for the periods indicated. The period-to-period
comparison of results is not necessarily indicative of results for future periods.
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
Amount
%
Amount
%
(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:
Product
$
38,690
38.4% $
46,593
42.0%
Maintenance and professional services
62,144
61.6
64,356
58.0
Total revenues
100,834
100.0
110,949
100.0
Cost of revenues:
Product
2,940
2.9
3,291
3.0
Maintenance and professional services
17,307
17.2
19,821
17.9
Total cost of revenues(1)
20,247
20.1
23,112
20.8
Gross profit
80,587
79.9
87,837
79.2
Operating expenses:
Research and development(1)
34,978
34.7
39,584
35.7
Sales and marketing(1)
59,484
59.0
60,378
54.4
General and administrative(1)
20,050
19.9
24,204
21.8
Total operating expenses
114,512
113.6
124,166
111.9
Operating loss
$
(33,925)
(33.6) $
(36,329)
(32.7)
Financial income (loss), net
114
0.1
(1,104)
(1.0)
Loss before taxes on income
$
(33,811)
(33.5) $
(37,433)
(33.7)
Taxes on income
(1,595)
(1.6)
507
(0.5)
Net loss
$
(35,406)
35.1% $
(36,926)
(33.3)%
(1)
Includes share-based compensation expense as follows:
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
(in thousands)
Share-based Compensation Expense:
Cost of revenues
$
2,024 $
1,812
Research and development
4,437
3,867
Sales and marketing
4,635
3,772
General and administrative
3,929
4,445
Total share-based compensation expenses
$
15,025 $
13,896
49
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2021
Revenues
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
Change
Amount
Amount
Amount
%
(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues:
Product
$
38,690 $
46,593 $
7,903
20.4%
Maintenance and support
50,794
53,975
3,181
6.3%
Professional services
11,350
10,381
(969)
(8.5)%
Total revenues
$
100,834 $
110,949 $
10,115
10.0%
Revenues increased by $10.1 million, or 10.0%, from $100.8 million in 2020 to $110.9 million in 2021. The increase in total revenues was driven by an increase in
product and maintenance and support revenues across all regions and was partially offset by decrease in professional services revenues. The increase in total
revenues was also reflected by $9.9 million increase in revenues from existing customers.
Product revenues increased by $7.9 million, or 20.4%, from $38.7 million in 2020 to $46.6 million in 2021. This increase was driven by increase sales volumes to
new and existing customers, which increased by $2.2 million and $5.7 million, respectively. The substantial majority of our product revenues was attributable to
sales of term-based subscription licenses.
Maintenance and support revenues grew by $3.2 million, or 6.3%, from $50.8 million in 2020 to $54.0 million in 2021. This increase was driven by revenues from
maintenance and support contracts renewals, which accounted for $3.8 million of this increase partially offsets from initial maintenance and support contracts
which accounted for $0.6 million decrease.
Professional services revenues decreased by $1.0 million, or 8.5%, from $11.4 million in 2020 to $10.4 million in 2021. This decrease was attributable to the
timing of projects deployment by our professional services teams and the customers.
Geographic Breakdown of Revenues
The following table sets forth the geographic breakdown of our revenues by region for the periods indicated:
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
Amount
%
Amount
%
(in thousands)
Americas
$
54,645
54.2% $
56,908
51.3%
EMEA
40,114
39.8
46,980
42.3
APAC
6,075
6.0
7,061
6.4
Total
$
100,834
100.0% $
110,949
100%
The Americas accounted for the majority of our revenues in each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021. EMEA also accounted for a significant portion
of our revenues in each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, with revenues generated in Germany representing 29% and 30%, respectively, of EMEA
revenues.
50
Cost of Revenues
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
Change
Amount
Amount
Amount
%
(Dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenues:
Product
$
2,940
3,291 $
351
11.9%
Maintenance and professional services
17,307
19,821
2,514
14.5
Total cost of revenues
$
20,247
23,112 $
2,865
14.2%
Cost of revenues increased by $2.9 million, or 14.2%, from $20.2 million in 2020 to $23.1 million in 2021. This increase was primarily driven by the increase in
compensation costs and hardware related costs.
Cost of product revenues increased by $0.4 million, or 12%, from $2.9 million in 2020 to $3.3 million in 2021.
Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues increased by $2.5 million, or 14.5%, from $17.3 million in 2020 to $19.8 million in 2021. The increase in
cost of maintenance and professional services revenues was driven primarily by an increase in increase in compensation costs resulting from salary updates and an
increase of the number of employees on our services, support and fulfillment teams on an annual-average basis, as well as an increase in related overhead costs, as
we remain committed to support our increased sales of our services offerings.
Gross Profit
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
Gross Profit Change
Gross Profit
Gross Margin
Gross Profit
Gross Margin
Amount
%
Gross profit
$
80,587
79.9% $
87,837
79.2% $
7,250
(0.9)%
Gross profit decreased by $7.3 million, or 0.7%, from $80.6 million in 2020 to $87.8 million in 2021. Gross margins decreased from 79.9% to 79.2% during the
same period. This decrease was driven by as higher costs of revenues in 2021 compared to 2020, as discussed above.
Operating Expenses
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
Change
Amount
Amount
Amount
%
(Dollars in thousands)
Operating expenses:
Research and development
$
34,978 $
39,584 $
4,606
13.2%
Sales and marketing
59,484
60,378
894
1.5
General and administrative
20,050
24,204
4,154
20.7
Total operating expenses
$
114,512 $
124,166 $
9,654
8.4%
51
Total operating expenses increased by $9.7 million, or 8.4%, from $114.5 million in 2020 to $124.2 million in 2021.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses increased by $4.6 million, or 13.2%, from $35.0 million in 2020 to $39.6 million in 2021. This
increase was primarily attributable to an increase of $4.3 million in compensation expenses. The increase in compensation expenses was primarily driven by salary
updates, and unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations (mainly the NIS in relation to the U.S. dollar). The increase in research and development
expenses reflects our plans to invest in strategic initiatives that further strengthen our technology platform and enhance our current and future product and service
offerings in a competitive environment.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.9 million, or 1.5%, from $59.5 million in 2020 to $60.4 million in 2021. This increase was
primarily attributable to an increase of $0.8 million in compensation expenses and an increase of $0.6 million for investments in marketing programs. This increase
was partially offset by a decrease in travel expenses.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased by $4.2 million, or 20.7%, from $20.1 million in 2020 to $24.2 million in 2021. This
increase was primarily attributable to an increase of $2.9 million in compensation costs, which includes a $0.4 million increase in share-based compensation
expense as we grew our general and administrative teams in order to scale and support the business needs as a public company. Our general and administrative
headcount has increased from 63 in 2020 to 68 in 2021, on an annual-average basis. The remaining increase in general and administrative expense of $1.2 million
was primarily due to increase in our directors and officers insurance, as well as accounting and legal and allocated IT and facilities costs.
Financial Income (expense), Net
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
Change
Amount
Amount
Amount
%
(Dollars in thousands)
Financial Income (expense), net
$
114 $
(1,104) $
(1,218)
(1,068)%
Financial expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 were $1.1 million. Financial income, net for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $0.1 million.
Our financial income (expense), net was impacted by exchange rate fluctuations in the foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar and our derivatives and hedging
activities, which resulted in an expense of $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to minimal financial expense, net in the year ended
December 31, 2020.
Taxes on Income
Year ended December 31,
2020
2021
Change
Amount
Amount
Amount
%
(Dollars in thousands)
Taxes on income
$
(1,595) $
507 $
2,102
(132)%
Taxes on income for the year ended December 31, 2020 amounted to $1.6 million. Income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2021 amounted to $0.5
million. Our effective tax rate in 2021 was primarily impacted by tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation of our US subsidiary and our full
valuation allowance against potential future benefits for deferred tax assets of our Israeli entity, including loss carryforwards generated in Israel.
In addition, our effective tax rate is based on recurring factors, including the geographic mix of foreign taxable income and loss, as well as nonrecurring items that
may not be predictable. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report for a full reconciliation of our effective tax
rate to the Israeli statutory rate of 23% and for further explanation of our provision for income taxes.
52
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on
historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an
ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and our actual results, our
future financial statements will be affected.
The critical accounting policies requiring estimates, assumptions, and judgments that we believe have the most significant impact on our consolidated financial
statements are described below.
Revenue Recognition
We determine the appropriate revenue recognition for our contracts with customers by analyzing the type, terms and conditions of each contract. We classify the
revenue components as products according to the attributes of the underlying components.
We sell our on-premises software licenses through both perpetual and term-based license agreements. Our products offer the same functionality whether our
customers receive them through a perpetual or term-based license. We deliver our software licenses electronically. Electronic delivery occurs when we provide the
channel partner or customer with access to our software and license key via a secure portal. We generally recognize revenues from on-premises software licenses
upfront when we make the software available to the channel partner or, if we are selling directly, customer. We recognize hardware sales upon delivery.
We generally recognize revenues from software sold through term-based license agreements upfront, upon delivery to the channel partner or, if we are selling
directly, customer. We defer the associated maintenance revenues and recognize them over the contract period. Assuming we expect to recover the costs, we
capitalize all incremental costs we incur to obtain a contract with a customer that we would not have incurred if we had not obtained the contract. We include
amortization expense in sales and marketing expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. We amortize costs incurred in obtaining a contract as a sales
and marketing expense on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit. We periodically review these costs for impairment.
Our contract payment terms typically range between 30 and 120 days. We assess collectability based on several factors, including collection history.
Our contracts with customers for software licenses include maintenance and may also include training and/or professional services. Maintenance consists of fees
for providing software updates and technical support for our products for a specified term. We recognize maintenance revenues ratably over the contractual service
period. We bill for professional services on a fixed fee basis and recognize revenues as we perform the services. We defer payments received in advance of
services performed and recognize such payments when we perform the related services.
In contracts with multiple performance obligations, we account for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. We allocate the transaction
price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price out of the total consideration of the contract. For maintenance and support
contracts, we determine the standalone selling price based on the price at which we separately sell a renewal contract. We determine the standalone selling price for
sales of licenses using the residual approach. For professional services, we determine the standalone selling prices based on the price at which we separately sell
those services.
Share-Based Compensation
We measure and recognize share-based compensation expense in our consolidated financial statements based on the grant date fair value of the award. We
recognize the grant date fair value of the award as an expense based on the graded vesting attribution method over the requisite service period (primarily a four-
year period).
We estimated the grant date fair value of share options for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Our use of
the Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including estimated fair value of our ordinary share price, expected
share price volatility and expected term. The fair value of restricted stock units ("RSU") is based on the closing market value of the underlying shares at the date of
grant.
Following our initial public offering on April 11, 2019, our ordinary shares are publicly traded, and therefore we currently base the value of our ordinary shares on
their market price.
•
Risk-Free Interest Rate. We base the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield on currently available U.S. treasury zero-coupon securities with a
remaining term equal to the expected life of our options.
•
Dividend Yield. We base dividend yield on our historical experience and expectation of no future dividend payouts. We have historically not paid cash
dividends and have no foreseeable plans to pay cash dividends in the future.
53
•
Expected Volatility. We base expected share price volatility on the historical volatility of the ordinary shares of comparable companies that are publicly
traded, as well as the historical volatility of the Company’s ordinary shares.
•
Expected Term. The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected
option term is calculated using the simplified method, as we concluded that currently our historical share option exercise experience does not provide an
adequate basis to estimate our expected option term.
Any changes in these highly subjective assumptions would significantly impact our share-based compensation expense.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes using the asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and the
deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that we have recognized in our financial statements or tax returns.
We measure current and deferred tax liabilities and assets based on provisions of the relevant tax law. We reduce the measurement of deferred tax assets, if
necessary, by the amount of any tax benefits that we do not expect to realize. We classify interest and penalties relating to uncertain tax positions within taxes on
income.
Accounts Receivable
We present accounts receivable in our consolidated balance sheets net of allowance for credit losses for potential uncollectible amounts. We estimate the
collectability of accounts receivable balances and adjust the allowance for credit losses based on our assessment of collectability by reviewing accounts receivable
on an aggregated basis where similar characteristics exist and on an individual basis when it identifies specific customers with known disputes or collectability
issues. We also consider a number of factors to assess collectability, including the past due status, creditworthiness of the specific customer, payment history and
reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions.
When revenue recognition criteria are not met for a sale transaction that has been billed, we do not recognize deferred revenues on our balance sheet or the related
account receivable.
Derivative Instruments
We carry out transactions involving foreign currency exchange derivative financial instruments. These transactions are designed to hedge our exposure in
currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and are not designated as an accounting hedge. We are primarily exposed to foreign exchange risk with respect to recognized
assets and liabilities and anticipated transactions denominated in the NIS, Euro and British Pound, including payroll expenses. Going forward we may consider to
designate transactions involving foreign currency exchange derivative financial instruments as an accounting hedge.
New and Revised Financial Accounting Standards
Under the JOBS Act, we meet the definition of an “emerging growth company.” As such, we may avail ourselves of an extended transition period for complying
with new or revised accounting standards. However, we have chosen to “opt out” of such extended transition period, and as a result, we will comply with new or
revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. Our decision to opt out of
the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.
54
B.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2021, we had $89.4 million of cash and cash equivalents, restricted bank deposits, short-term marketable securities and long-term marketable
securities, compared to $104.0 million as of December 31, 2020. The majority of our cash and cash equivalents, restricted bank deposits and marketable securities
are held in banks in Israel and the United States. Our marketable securities primarily consist of highly-rated corporate debt securities and U.S. government agency
securities. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, restricted bank deposits, short-term marketable securities and long-term marketable securities
will be sufficient to fund our operations, as well as our working capital and capital expenditures needs for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital
requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, which may be impacted, among other factors, by our transition to term-based
subscription license business model, the expansion of our sales and marketing activities, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts
and expansion into new geographic locations, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products and the continuing market
acceptance of our products and services. For information on our future operating lease obligations, including beyond the next 12 months, see Note 7 to our
consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.
For discussion related to our financial condition for the year ended December 31, 2019, refer to Part I, Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in
our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, which was originally filed with the SEC on March 2, 2021, and subsequently by
amendment on March 8, 2021.
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
Cash used by operating activities was $14.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This was primarily due to an increased net loss of $36.9 million
adjusted by non-cash charges of $16.3 million, primarily relating to share-based compensation of $13.9 million and depreciation expense of $1.9 million, as well as
a favorable impact of $6.4 million resulting from the net changes in our operating assets and liabilities. Changes in operating assets and liabilities included (i) a
$9.4 million increase in deferred revenues representing unearned amounts resulting primarily from increased maintenance and support sales and (ii) a $3.6 million
increase in employee and payroll accrued expenses offset by (a) a $2.2 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, (b) a $2.5 million increase in
accounts receivables and (c) a $2.3 million increase in deferred costs.
Cash used by operating activities was $17.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. This was primarily due to an increased net loss of $35.4 million
adjusted by non-cash charges of $15.6 million, primarily relating to share-based compensation of $15.0 million and depreciation expense, as well as a favorable
impact of $2.4 million resulting from the net changes in our operating assets and liabilities. Changes in operating assets and liabilities included (i) a $2.2 million
increase in deferred revenues representing unearned amounts resulting primarily from increased maintenance and support sales and (ii) a $4.3 million increase in
employee and payroll accrued expenses and operating lease liabilities, net, partially offset by (a) a $2.6 million increase in deferred taxes and other non-current
assets, (b) a $0.5 million increase in accounts receivables and (c) a $0.7 million decrease in trade payables and other accounts payables.
55
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 have consisted primarily of investment in capital expenditures to purchase property and equipment.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash used in investing activities was $1.5 million was attributable to purchase of capital expenditures to purchase
property and equipment of $1.7 million, partially offset by net proceeds of marketable securities of $0.2 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash used in investing activities was $44.4 million was attributable to net purchases of marketable securities of
$42.3 million and $2.1 million purchase of capital expenditures to purchase property and equipment for our leased offices.
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, consisting of $2.4 million in proceeds from the exercise of
employee share options, partially offset by the changes in its related withholding amounts.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2020, consisting of $1.4 million in proceeds from the exercise of
employee share options, partially offset by the changes in its related withholding amounts.
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
We conduct our research and development activities primarily in Israel. As of December 31, 2021 our research and development personnel included 181
employees and contractors.
For a description of our research and development policies, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Research and development.”
D. Trend Information
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the period from January
1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenue, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or
that caused the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial condition.
E.
Critical Accounting Estimates
See “Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in “Item 5.A. Operating Review and Financial Prospects—Operating results.”
56
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A.
Directors and Senior Management
The following table sets forth the name, age and position of each of our executive officers and directors:
Name
Age
Position
Executive Officers
Reuven Kitov
48
Chief Executive Officer, Co-Founder and Chairman of the Board
Reuven Harrison
52
Chief Technology Officer, Co-Founder and Director
Jack Wakileh
50
Chief Financial Officer
Yoram Gronich
53
Senior Vice President of Products and Engineering
Shay Dayan
40
Vice President of Research and Development
Raymond Brancato
57
Chief Revenue Officer
Non-Employee Directors
Tom Schodorf (1)(4)
63
Lead Independent Director
Ohad Finkelstein (4)
61
Director
Yuval Shachar (3)(4)
59
Director
Yair Shamir (3)(4)
76
Director
Edouard Cukierman (4)
57
Director
Peter Campbell (1)(2)(4)
57
Director
Dafna Gruber (1)(2)(3)(4)
57
Director
Brian Gumbel (2)(4)
46
Director
(1)
Member of our audit committee.
(2)
Member of our compensation committee.
(3)
Member of our nominating and corporate governance committee.
(4)
Independent director under NYSE rules.
57
Reuven Kitov is our Chief Executive Officer, Co-Founder and Chairman of the board of directors, which positions he has held since co-founding Tufin in January
2005. Prior to co-founding Tufin, Mr. Kitov held key project management and development roles at Check Point Software Technologies, Inc. from 1998 to 2003.
Mr. Kitov holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science from the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland.
Reuven Harrison is our Chief Technology Officer, Co-Founder and a director, which positions he has held since co-founding Tufin in January 2005. Prior to co-
founding Tufin, Mr. Harrison held key software developer positions at Check Point Software Technologies, Inc. from 1999 to 2003, as well as other key positions
at Capsule Tech, Inc. from 1997 to 1999 and ECS Inc. from 1991 to 1996. Mr. Harrison holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Mathematics and Philosophy from Tel
Aviv University in Israel.
Jack Wakileh is our Chief Financial Officer, which position he has held since July 2013. Prior to joining Tufin, Mr. Wakileh worked as a financial and business
consultant for various technology companies from 2010 to 2013. He was a Co-Founder of iSpade Technologies Ltd. and was Chief Financial Officer from 2008 to
2010, Co-Chief Executive Officer of LEADIP Systems Ltd. from 2006 to 2007 and Chief Financial Officer of VCON Telecommunications Ltd. from 1999 to 2005
prior to which he held the Corporate Controller position. Mr. Wakileh holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Accounting and Economics from Tel Aviv University in
Israel and is a Certified Public Accountant.
Yoram Gronich is our Senior Vice President of Products and Engineering, which position he has held since September 2021. Before that, he was our Vice President
of Research and Development from September 2008 to September 2021. Prior to joining Tufin, Mr. Gronich held software management and engineering positions
at Symantec Corporation from 2005 to 2008 and project management and team leader roles at Check Point Software Technologies, Inc. from 2002 to 2005. Mr.
Gronich holds a Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering and a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics and Computer Science each from Tel Aviv
University in Israel.
Shay Dayan is our Vice President of Research and Development, which position he has held since September 2021. Prior to that and since August 2009, Mr. Dayan
held several roles in Tufin’s research and development department, including Team Leader, Group Manager, Chief Architect, Director of system architecture and
Chief Technology Officer of cloud products. From August 2006 until August 2009, he was a development Team Leader at Radware Ltd. Mr. Dayan holds a
Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science from Tel Aviv University in Israel.
Raymond Brancato joined Tufin in January 2021 as our Chief Revenue Officer. He joined Tufin from AnyVision, an artificial intelligence company, where he was
Chief Revenue Officer from March 2019 to January 2021. Prior to AnyVision, he held senior sales leadership positions over the course of 10 years with CA
Technologies, including Vice President, Senior Vice President and General Manager of Business Unit Sales. Prior to that, he was Vice President of Sales,
Americas at Kabira Technologies from April 2007 to March 2009, Director of Sales at BMC Software from November 2002 to April 2007, and Vice President of
Sales at Remedy from December 2000 to November 2002. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance and Management Science from the University of
South Carolina.
Tom Schodorf has served as a member of our board of directors since 2019. Mr. Schodorf founded View Consulting LLC, specializing in advisory services for the
technology industry, in 2014. He previously served as Senior Vice President of Sales and Field Operations of Splunk Inc. (traded on Nasdaq) from October 2009 to
March 2014, and prior to that, he held various sales and executive management positions at BMC Software and IBM. Mr. Schodorf has also been a director of
Quali and Behavox since 2021, of Egnyte since 2018 where he is a member of the Compensation Committee, of OutSystems since 2017 where he is also Chairman
of the Compensation Committee, of Rapid7 since 2016 where he is a member of the Compensation Committee, and of Kaseya since 2014. Mr. Schodorf holds a
Masters of Business Administration degree from the University of Dayton in Dayton, Ohio and a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from the Ohio
State University in Columbus, Ohio.
Ohad Finkelstein has served as a director since January 2011. Mr. Finkelstein serves as Managing Partner of Danli Capital, an investment advisory firm that he
founded in 2017. Mr. Finkelstein is the Co-Founding Partner of Marker LLC, which he founded in 2011. Prior to that, from 2005 to 2011, he led international
investment for Venrock, an Israeli venture capital firm. He served as the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President at Interoute Communications Limited
from 1999 to 2003. Mr. Finkelstein holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science and International Marketing from the University of California, Los
Angeles.
58
Yuval Shachar has served as a director since October 2009. Mr. Shachar is the Executive Chairman and Co-Founder of Team8, a venture capital firm specializing
in incubation of security companies. Mr. Shachar serves as Founding Venture Partner of Innovation Endeavors, which he joined at its inception, previously serving
as an investment partner of its predecessor fund from 2013. Mr. Shachar served as Co-Founding Partner of Marker LLC and its predecessors from 2011. From
2004 to 2009, he served as General Manager of a Cisco business unit in its Service Provider group. Prior to that, Mr. Shachar served as Co-Founder, President and
CEO of P-Cube (which was acquired by Cisco), and co-founded each of Pentacom and Infogear (which were each acquired by Cisco). From 1995 to 1998, Mr.
Shachar served as Vice President of Research and Development at VocalTec Ltd. (which completed an IPO on The Nasdaq Stock Market, or Nasdaq, in 1996), and
previously held key engineering and management positions at National Semiconductors. Mr. Shachar holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics and
Computer Science from Tel Aviv University in Israel.
Yair Shamir has served as a director from 2007 to 2013 and again from October 2018 to present. Mr. Shamir has been a Founding and Managing Partner of
Catalyst Investments since its establishment from 1999 to 2013 and again from 2015 to present. Mr. Shamir was elected as a member of the Israeli Parliament
(Knesset) and served as Minister of Agriculture of the State of Israel from 2013 to 2015. Mr. Shamir served as the Chairman of the Israeli Road Safety Authorities
from September 2018 until November 2020. Prior to that, he served as the Chairman of Board of N.T.A. – Metropolitan Mass Transit System until August 2018.
Mr. Shamir served as the Chairman of Israel’s National Roads Company from 2011 to 2012. Mr. Shamir served as the Chairman of Israel Aerospace Industries
Ltd. from 2005 until 2011. From 2004 to 2007, Mr. Shamir was the Chairman of Shamir Optical Industry Ltd. From 2004 to 2005, Mr. Shamir served as the
Chairman of EL AL. From 1997 to 2004, Mr. Shamir served as the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of VCON Telecommunications Ltd. Mr. Shamir was a
board member of DSP Group Corporation from 2005 to 2013. Mr. Shamir holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Electronics Engineering from the Technion, Israel
Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel.
Edouard Cukierman has served as a director since 2014. Mr. Cukierman has been a Founding and Managing Partner of Catalyst Investments since its
establishment in 1999, and has served as the Chairman of Cukierman & Co. Investment House since its establishment. Prior to establishing and managing Catalyst
Investments, Mr. Cukierman was the President and Chief Executive Officer of Astra Technological Investments, a Venture Capital Fund established in 1993. Mr.
Cukierman serves as a board member of Dori Media Group. He is also is the Founder of the GoforIsrael annual conference. Mr. Cukierman served as a Reserve
Officer of the Crisis & Hostage Negotiation Team and IDF Spokesman Unit. Mr. Cukierman holds a Master of Business Administration degree from INSEAD
University in Fontainebleau, France and a Bachelor of Science degree from the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel.
Peter Campbell has served as a director since 2019 and served as an external director under the Israeli Companies Law between July 2019 and May 2020. Mr.
Campbell served as Chief Financial Officer of Mimecast Ltd. (traded on Nasdaq) from 2006 to 2019, where he also served as a director from 2007 to 2015. He
previously served as Chief Financial Officer of SR Telecom Inc., where he was employed from 2002 to 2006. Prior to that, Mr. Campbell was an auditor at Ernst &
Young LLP in Canada. Mr. Campbell is currently a director and chairman of the audit committee of Latch inc. (traded on Nasdaq) and a director and chairman of
the audit committee of Dataiku. Mr. Campbell holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree and a Graduate Diploma in accounting from the John Molson School of
Business at Concordia University in Canada, where he also served as a lecturer.
Dafna Gruber has served as a member of our board of directors since 2019 and served as an external director, as such term is defined under the Israeli Companies
Law. Ms. Gruber serves as the chief financial officer of Netafim Ltd., a private company. Prior to that as chief financial officer in various companies including
Aqua security Ltd. Landa Corporation Ltd. and Clal Industries Ltd. From 2007 until 2015, Ms. Gruber served as the chief financial officer of Nice Systems Ltd., a
public company traded on Nasdaq and TASE. From 1996 until 2007, Ms. Gruber was part of Alvarion Ltd., a public company traded on Nasdaq and TASE, mostly
as chief financial officer. Ms. Gruber currently serves as an external director or independent director of several public companies, including Nova Measuring
Instruments Ltd, ICL group Ltd and Cellebrite DI Ltd. Ms. Gruber is a certified public accountant and holds a Bachelor’s degree in Accounting and Economics
from Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Brian Gumbel has served as a director since 2019. Mr. Gumbel currently serves as the Chief Revenue Officer of Armis Inc. Prior to joining Armis, he served as the
Chief Revenue Officer for Sisense from October 2019 to April 2020. He previously served as the Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales at Forescout
Technologies Inc., where he held senior management positions from October 2015 to October 2019. Previously, he led sales and operations at Tanium as the Vice
President for Americas East and Canada from February 2014 to October 2015. Prior to that, he worked at McAfee from 2007 to 2014 ultimately serving as the
Vice President for Americas East and Canada, and at Cisco from 2000 to 2007 in various sales and leadership positions. Mr. Gumbel holds a Bachelor of Science
degree in Biology from Marist College in Poughkeepsie, New York.
59
B.
Compensation
Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
The aggregate compensation expensed, including share-based compensation and other compensation expensed by us and our subsidiaries, to our directors and
executive officers with respect to the year ended December 31, 2021, was $8.2 million. This amount includes approximately $0.4 million set aside or accrued to
provide pension, severance, retirement, or similar benefits.
The table below sets forth the compensation paid to our five most highly compensated office holders (as defined in the Israeli Companies Law and described under
“Board Practices—Disclosure of Compensation of Executive Officers” below) during or with respect to the year ended December 31, 2021. We refer to the five
individuals for whom disclosure is provided herein as our “Covered Executives.”
For purposes of the table and the summary below, “compensation” includes base salary, bonuses, equity-based compensation, retirement or termination payments,
benefits and perquisites such as car, phone and social benefits and any undertaking to provide such compensation.
Summary Compensation Table
Information Regarding the Covered Executive(1)
Name and Principal Position(2)
Base Salary
Benefits and
Perquisites(3)
Variable
Compensation(4)
Equity-Based
Compensation(5)
Total
Raymond Brancato, Chief Revenue Officer
$
320,075 $
59,485 $
351,726 $
1,473,151 $
2,204,437
Reuven Kitov, Chief Executive Officer
$
300,000 $
46,297 $
288,667 $
658,937 $
1,293,901
Jack Wakileh, Chief Financial Officer
$
289,966 $
139,162 $
130,322 $
460,938 $
1,020,388
Yoram Gronich, Senior Vice President of Products and
Engineering
$
266,362 $
124,945 $
70,173 $
388,992 $
850,472
Reuven Harrison, Chief Technology Officer
$
269,731 $
69,711 $
84,097 $
340,314 $
763,853
(1)
In accordance with Israeli law, all amounts reported in the table are in terms of cost to our company, as recorded in our financial statements.
(2)
All current executive officers listed in the table are full-time employees. Cash compensation amounts denominated in currencies other than the U.S.
dollar were converted into U.S. dollars at the average conversion rate for the year ended December 31, 2021.
(3)
Amounts reported in this column include benefits and perquisites, including those mandated by applicable law. Such benefits and perquisites may
include, to the extent applicable to each executive, payments, contributions and/or allocations for savings funds, pension, severance, vacation, car or car
allowance, medical insurances and benefits, risk insurances (such as life, disability and accident insurances), convalescence pay, payments for social
security, tax gross-up payments and other benefits and perquisites consistent with our guidelines.
(4)
Amounts reported in this column refer to Variable Compensation such as earned commission, incentive and bonus payments as recorded in our financial
statements for the year ended December 31, 2021.
(5)
Amounts reported in this column represent the expense recorded in our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 with respect to equity-
based compensation. Assumptions and key variables used in the calculation of such amounts are described in Note 10 to our audited consolidated
financial statements, which are included in this annual report.
60
Employment Agreements with Executive Officers
We have entered into written employment agreements with each of our executive officers. These agreements provide for notice periods of varying duration for
termination of the agreement by us or by the relevant executive officer, during which time the executive officer will continue to receive base salary and benefits.
These agreements also contain customary provisions regarding noncompetition, confidentiality of information and assignment-of-inventions. However, the
enforceability of the noncompetition provisions may be limited under applicable law.
Directors’ Service Contracts
There are no arrangements or understandings between us, on the one hand, and any of our directors, on the other hand, providing for benefits upon termination of
their employment or service as directors of our company.
Equity Incentive Plans
2007 Israeli Share Option Plan
Effective Date and Shares Reserved.
On October 21, 2007, our board of directors adopted the 2007 Israeli Share Option Plan(the “2007 Plan”). The 2007 Plan generally allowed us to grant options to
our employees, directors, officers, consultants, advisors and any other person providing services to us or any of our affiliates. In May 2017, we extended the terms
of options held by certain holders under the 2007 Plan by an additional 10 years. Unless earlier terminated pursuant to the original terms of the 2007 Plan, all
granted but unexercised options will expire and cease to be exercisable at 5:00 p.m. Israel time on the 10th anniversary of the vesting commencement date of such
options. We no longer make awards under the 2007 Plan. As of February 23, 2022, options to purchase a total of 2,047,600 shares were outstanding under the 2007
Plan.
Plan Administration. The 2007 Plan may be administered by our board of directors or a committee thereof. Subject to Israeli law and our amended and restated
articles of association or any resolution to the contrary by our board of directors, the administrator is authorized, in its sole and absolute discretion, to exercise all
powers and authorities specifically granted to it under the 2007 Plan or necessary or advisable in the administration of the 2007 Plan.
Vesting Terms and Conditions of the Options. Unless otherwise determined by the administrator, options under the 2007 Plan vest and become exercisable as
follows: 25% of the shares covered by the options vested on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date, 1/3 of the remaining shares vest on each
subsequent anniversary of the vesting commencement date and all options become fully vested by the fourth anniversary of the vesting commencement date.
Israeli Tax Law. Unless otherwise determined by the administrator, any underlying shares issued upon exercise of options (granted through the “capital gains track
through a trustee” in accordance with Section 102(b)(2) of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance (New Version), 1961(the “Israeli Tax Ordinance”), will be held by a
trustee until the lapse of the holding period (as defined in the 2007 Plan), or, subject to a tax ruling, until the earlier of a merger (as defined in the 2007 Plan) or an
initial public offering. We appointed a trustee to hold the allocated options and underlying shares issued upon the exercise off such options in a trust on behalf of
each applicable Israeli grantee. No underlying shares or additional rights we issue to the trustee will be held for a period longer than 20 years after the end of the
term of the options.
Termination of Employment or Service. In the event that the employment or service of a grantee terminates (other than by reason of death, disability retirement or
for cause), all options of such grantee that are vested but unexercised on the date of the termination may be exercised unless earlier terminated in accordance with
their terms and if not previously expired, no later than the earlier of (i) 90 days after such termination and (ii) the term of the option. All other granted options will
expire upon such termination. In the event of a grantee’s death during employment or service, or in the event of a grantee’s termination due to retirement or
disability, all of the grantee’s vested but unexercised options will be exercisable until the earlier of (i) 180 days after the date of termination of employment and (ii)
the term of the option. In the event of a grantee’s termination for cause, all options, whether vested or unvested, will expire.
Merger. In the event of a merger transaction (as defined in the 2007 Plan), the administrator in its sole discretion, will decide (i) if and how the unvested options
will be canceled, replaced or accelerated, (ii) if and how vested options will be exercised, replaced and/or sold by us or the trustee on the behalf of Israeli
participants and (iii) how underlying shares issued upon exercise of the options and held by the trustee on behalf of Israeli participants will be replaced and/or sold
by the trustee on behalf of the Israeli participant.
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2008 U.S. Stock Plan
Effective Date and Shares Reserved. On May 25, 2008, our board of directors adopted the 2008 U.S. Stock Plan(the “2008 Plan”). The 2008 Plan generally allowed
us to grant no statutory share options, incentive share options that satisfied the requirements of Section 422 of the Code, and the sale or award of shares to our
employees, outside directors and consultants and those of Tufin Software North America, Inc., as well as any of our other subsidiaries. We no longer make awards
under the 2008 Plan. As of February 23, 2022, options to purchase a total of 343,658 shares were outstanding under the 2008 Plan.
Plan Administration. The 2008 Plan may be administered by one or more committees of the board of directors. The entire board of directors may administer the
2008 Plan if no committee is otherwise appointed. Subject to the provisions of the 2008 Plan, the board of directors will have full authority and discretion to take
any actions it deems necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2008 Plan. All decisions, interpretations and other actions of the board of directors will be
final and binding on all participants.
Terms and Conditions of Awards. Any shares issued upon exercise of an option or awarded or sold under the 2008 Plan may be subject to the special forfeiture
conditions, rights of repurchase, rights of first refusal and other transfer restrictions as the board of directors may determine.
Options. The 2008 Plan requires that options have an exercise price that is not less than 100% of the fair market value of a share on the grant date. Incentive share
options granted to an employee owning more than 10% of our or any of our subsidiaries’ combined voting power will have an exercise price of at least 110% of the
fair market value of the share on the grant date. The expiration date of an option may be no later than the 10th anniversary of the date of grant (or the fifth
anniversary in the case of incentive share options granted to employees who, at the time of grant, own more than 10% of our or any of our subsidiaries’ combined
voting power).
Change in Control. In the event that we are a party to a merger, consolidation, exchange of shares, sale of all or substantially all of its assets or like event, all
outstanding options will be subject to the applicable transaction agreement, which will provide for one or more of the following: (i) the continuation of our
outstanding options (if we are the surviving corporation); (ii) the assumption of the outstanding option by the surviving corporation or its parent in a manner that
complies with Section 424(a) of the Code; (iii) the substitution by the surviving corporation or its parent of new options for the outstanding options in a manner
that complies with Section 424(a) of the Code; or (iv) the cancelation of the outstanding options without the payment of any consideration.
2018 U.S. Equity-Based Incentive Plan
Effective Date and Shares Reserved. On April 9, 2018, our board of directors adopted the 2018 U.S. Equity-Based Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The 2018 Plan
generally allowed us to grant options to our employees, directors, executive officers, consultants, advisors and any other person providing services to us or any of
our affiliates who are U.S. citizens or who are resident aliens of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We no longer make awards under the 2018
Plan. As of February 23, 2022 options to purchase a total of 79,778 shares were outstanding under the 2018 Plan.
Plan Administration. The 2018 Plan may be administered by a committee of the board of directors. The entire board of directors may administer the 2018 Plan if
no committee is otherwise appointed. Subject to the provisions of the 2018 Plan, the administrator of the 2018 Plan has full authority and discretion to take any
actions it deems necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2018 Plan. All decisions, interpretations and other actions of the administrator of the 2018 Plan
will be final and binding on all participants, unless otherwise determined by the board of directors.
Options. The 2018 Plan allows for the grant of nonqualified share options and incentive share options that satisfy the requirements of Section 422 of the Code.
Each award will be evidenced by an option agreement that will govern such award’s terms and conditions. Only our employees or employees of our parent or
subsidiaries are eligible to receive incentive share options. The 2018 Plan requires that incentive share options have an exercise price that is not less than 100% of
the fair market value of a share on the grant date and that nonqualified share options have an exercise price equal to the fair market value of a share on the grant
date unless the committee administering the 2018 Plan specifies otherwise and the option complies with Section 409A of the Code. Incentive share options granted
to an employee owning more than 10% of our or our and our subsidiaries’ combined voting power will have an exercise price of at least 110% of the fair market
value of the shares on the grant date. The expiration date of an option may be no later than the 10th anniversary of the date of grant, unless otherwise determined
by the committee administering the 2018 Plan (or the fifth anniversary in the case of incentive share options granted to employees who, at the time of grant, own
more than 10% of our or our parent’s or subsidiaries’ combined voting power).
62
Termination of Employment or Service. In the event that the employment or service of a grantee terminates (other than by reason of death, disability or retirement),
all awards of such grantee that are unvested at the time of such termination will terminate on the date of such termination, and all awards of such grantee that are
vested and exercisable at the time of such termination may, unless earlier terminated in accordance with their terms, be exercised within 12 months after the date of
such termination (or such different period as the committee administering the 2018 Plan will prescribe). In the event of a grantee’s death during employment or
service or within three months following such grantee’s termination, or in the event of a grantee’s termination due to disability, all of the grantee’s vested awards
may be exercised at any time within one year after such death or disability. In the event of a grantee’s retirement, all of the grantee’s vested awards, unless earlier
terminated in accordance with their terms, may be exercised at any time within the three month period following such retirement. If we (or our affiliate, when
applicable) terminate the grantee’s employment or service for cause, or if at any time during the exercise period, facts or circumstances arise or are discovered with
respect to the grantee that would have constituted cause, all awards theretofore granted to such grantee will, to the extent not theretofore exercised, terminate on the
date of such termination (or on such subsequent date on which such facts or circumstances arise or are discovered, as the case may be) unless otherwise determined
by the committee administering the 2018 Plan.
Merger or Sale. In the event of a merger or sale, unless otherwise determined by the committee administering the 2018 Plan in its sole and absolute discretion, any
award then outstanding will be assumed or will be substituted by us or by the successor corporation in the merger or sale or by any affiliate thereof under
substantially the same terms as the award. In the event that awards are not assumed or substituted for equivalent awards, the committee administering the 2018
Plan may (i) provide for a grantee to have the right to exercise an award, or otherwise accelerate vesting of an award, as to all or part of the shares covered thereby,
including shares covered by the award which would not otherwise be exercisable or vested, and/or (ii) provide for the cancelation of each outstanding award at the
closing of the merger or sale, and payment to the grantee. In the event of a merger or sale, the committee administering the 2018 Plan may, without the consent of
the grantee, amend, modify or terminate awards as the committee will deem in good faith to be appropriate.
2019 Equity-Based Incentive Plan
Effective Date and Shares Reserved. On February 28, 2019, our board of directors approved our 2019 Equity-Based Incentive Plan(the “2019 Plan”), which
became effective upon shareholder approval on March 21, 2019. Our 2019 Plan replaced our 2007 Plan and our 2018 Plan(the “Prior Plans”), under which further
grants will not be made. The 2019 Plan generally allows for the grant of options, restricted shares, restricted share units and other share-based awards to our and
our affiliates’ employees, directors, officers, consultants and advisors. The 2019 Plan enables us to issue awards under varying tax regimes, including Section 102
and Section 3(i) awards pursuant to the Israeli Tax Ordinance and incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code. The maximum aggregate
number of shares that may be issued pursuant to awards under the 2019 Plan is the sum of (a) 1,833,333 shares plus (b) on January 1 of each calendar year during
the term of the 2019 Plan commencing in 2020, a number of shares equal to the lesser of: (i) an amount determined by our board of directors, if so determined prior
to the January 1 of the calendar year in which the increase will occur, (ii) 5% of the total number of shares outstanding on December 31 of the immediately
preceding calendar year and (iii) 5,000,000 shares.
Additionally, any share (i) underlying an award under the 2019 Plan or the Prior Plans (in an amount not to exceed 813,515 shares under the Prior Plans) that has
expired, or was canceled, terminated, forfeited, repurchased or settled in cash in lieu of issuance of shares, for any reason, without having been exercised, (ii)
tendered to pay the exercise price of an award (or the exercise price or other purchase price of any option or other award under the Prior Plans), or withholding tax
obligations with respect to an award (or any awards under the Prior Plans), or (iii) subject to an award (or any award under the Prior Plans) that is not delivered to a
grantee because such shares are withheld to pay the exercise price (or of any award under the Prior Plans), or withholding tax obligations with respect to such
award (or such other award) will automatically be available for grant under the 2019 Plan. As of February 23, 2022, options to purchase a total of 2,068,509 shares
and 2,453,049 unvested RSUs were outstanding under the 2019 Plan. In addition, our board of directors approved the grant of 1,679,300 RSUs to certain of our
employees, which grant became effective on March 1, 2022.
Plan Administration. Either our board of directors or a committee established by our board of directors administers the 2019 Plan, and such administrator will have
full authority in its discretion to determine (i) eligible grantees, (ii) grants of awards and setting the terms and provisions of award agreements (which need not be
identical) and any other agreements or instruments under which awards are made, including the number of shares underlying each award and the class of shares
underlying each award (if more than one class was designated by our board of directors), (iii) the time or times at which awards will be granted, (iv) the terms,
conditions and restrictions applicable to each award (which need not be identical) and any shares acquired upon the exercise or (if applicable) vesting thereof, (v)
to accelerate, continue, extend or defer the exercisability of any award or the vesting thereof, including with respect to the period following a grantee’s termination
of employment or other service, (vi) the interpretation of the 2019 Plan and any award agreement and the meaning, interpretation and applicability of terms
referred to in applicable laws, (vii) policies, guidelines, rules and regulations relating to and for carrying out the 2019 Plan, and any amendment, supplement or
rescission thereof, as it may deem appropriate, (viii) to adopt supplements to, or alternative versions of, the 2019 Plan, including, without limitation, as it deems
necessary or desirable to comply with the laws of, or to accommodate the tax regime or custom of, foreign jurisdictions whose citizens or residents may be granted
awards, (ix) the fair market value of the shares or other property, (x) the tax track (capital gains, ordinary income track or any other track available under the
Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance) for the purpose of Section 102 to the Israeli Tax Ordinance, (xi) the authorization and approval of conversion,
substitution, cancelation or suspension under and in accordance with the 2019 Plan of any or all awards or shares, (xii) the amendment, modification, waiver or
supplement of the terms of each outstanding award (with the consent of the applicable grantee, if such amendments refers to the increase of the exercise price of
awards or reduction of the number of shared underlying an award (but, in each case, other than as a result of an adjustment or exercise of rights in accordance with
the provisions of the 2019 Plan) unless otherwise provided under the terms of the 2019 Plan, (xiii) without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and subject to
the provisions of applicable law, to grant to a grantee who is the holder of an outstanding award, in exchange for the cancelation of such award, a new award
having an exercise price lower than that provided in the award so canceled and containing such other terms and conditions as the committee may prescribe in
accordance with the provisions of the 2019 Plan or to set a new exercise price for the same award lower than that previously provided in the award, (xiv) to correct
any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in the 2019 Plan or any award agreement and all other determinations and take such other actions
with respect to the 2019 Plan or any award as it may deem advisable to the extent not inconsistent with the provisions of the 2019 Plan or applicable law, (xv) to
designate any of our officers or other persons to manage the day to day administration of the awards granted under the 2019 Plan or authorize any of them to act on
behalf of the committee with respect to any matter, right, obligation, determination or election which is the responsibility of or which is allocated to the committee
herein, (xvi) to determine that awards, shares issuable upon the exercise or (if applicable) vesting of awards and/or any securities issued or distributed with respect
thereto, shall be allocated or issued to, or held by, the representative in trust for the benefit of the grantees and (xvii) any other matter which is necessary or
desirable for, or incidental to, the administration of the 2019 Plan and any award thereunder. The board of directors and the committee need not take the same
action or determination with respect to all awards, with respect to certain types of awards, with respect to all service providers or any certain type of service
providers and actions and determinations may differ as among the grantees, and as between the grantees and any other holders of our securities. The board of
directors may, at any time, suspend, terminate, modify, or amend the 2019 Plan, whether retroactively or prospectively.
63
Types and Terms and Conditions of Awards. The committee may grant awards intended to qualify as an incentive stock option, non-qualified stock option, Section
102 award, Section 3(i) award, or other designations under other regimes. The 2019 Plan generally requires that incentive stock options have an exercise price that
is not less than 100% of the fair market value of a share underlying such options or 110% in case of an employee who at the time of the grant owns shares
possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares or of any of our subsidiaries on the date of grant of such options or such
other price as may be determined pursuant to the Code. The exercise price of any other awards granted will be determined by the committee.
The exercise period of an option award will be 10 years from the date of grant of the award unless otherwise determined by the committee, but subject to the
vesting and the early termination provisions, provided that the period of an incentive stock option granted to an employee who at the time of the grant owns shares
possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares or of any of our subsidiaries, shall not exceed five years from the date of
grant. Except as described below, an award generally may not be exercised unless the grantee is then in our employ or service and unless the grantee has remained
continuously so employed since the date of grant of the award and throughout the vesting dates. In the event that the employment or service of a grantee terminates
(other than by reason of death, disability or retirement), unless otherwise determined by the committee, all awards of such grantee that are unvested at the time of
such termination shall terminate on the date of such termination, and all awards of such grantee that are vested and exercisable at the time of such termination may,
unless earlier terminated in accordance with their terms, be exercised within up to three months after the date of such termination (or such different period as the
committee will prescribe), but in any event no later than the date of expiration of the award’s term as set forth in the award agreement or pursuant to this 2019 Plan.
In the event of a grantee’s death during employment or service or within three months following such grantee’s termination, (or such longer period as determined
by the committee), or in the event of a grantee’s termination due to disability, all of the grantee’s vested awards may be exercised at any time within one year after
such death or disability (or such longer period as determined by the committee). In the event of a grantee’s retirement, all of the grantee’s vested awards, unless
earlier terminated in accordance with their terms, may be exercised at any time within the three month period following such retirement (or such different period as
the committee shall prescribe). If we (or our affiliate, when applicable) terminate the grantee’s employment or service for cause (as defined in the 2019 Plan), or if
at any time during the exercise period (whether prior to and after termination of employment or service, and whether or not the grantee’s employment or service is
terminated by either party as a result thereof), facts or circumstances arise or are discovered with respect to the grantee that would have constituted cause, all
awards theretofore granted to such grantee (whether vested or not) shall, to the extent not theretofore exercised, terminate on the date of such termination (or on
such subsequent date on which such facts or circumstances arise or are discovered, as the case may be) unless otherwise determined by the committee.
Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance allows our employees, directors and executive officers who are not controlling shareholders and are Israeli residents for
tax purposes to receive favorable tax treatment for share-based awards. Section 102 includes two alternatives for tax treatment involving the issuance of awards to
a trustee for the benefit of the grantees and also includes an additional alternative for the issuance of awards directly to the grantee. We elected the “capital gain
track” pursuant to Section 102(b)(2) of the Israeli Tax Ordinance for grants to eligible Israeli grantees as provided above, which may allow favorable tax treatment
for such grantees. In order to comply with the terms of the capital gain track, all awards granted under the 2019 Plan and subject to the provisions of Section 102 of
the Israeli Tax Ordinance, as well as the shares issued upon exercise of such awards and any rights granted thereunder, including bonus shares, must be registered
in the name of a trustee selected by the board and held in trust for the benefit of the relevant grantee for the requisite period prescribed by the Israeli Tax Ordinance
or such longer period as set by the committee. The trustee may release these awards or shares to the holders thereof after the expiration of the required statutory
holding period, provided that the trustee has received an acknowledgment from the Israeli Tax Authority that the grantee paid all applicable taxes, or the trustee
and/or us and/or our affiliate withholds all applicable taxes and compulsory payments due. Our non-employee service providers and controlling shareholders may
only be granted options or RSUs under Section 3(i) of the Israeli Tax Ordinance, which will be taxed as ordinary income upon the exercise of such awards into
shares.
The administrator may grant restricted share units, or RSUs, under the 2019 Plan, which are awards covering a number of shares that are settled, if vested, by
issuance of those shares. The award agreement for any restricted shares granted will provide the vesting schedule and purchase price, if any, for the restricted
shares. If a grantee’s employment or services to us or any of our affiliates terminates for any reason prior to the vesting of such grantee’s restricted shares, any
shares that remain subject to vesting will be forfeited by such grantee. No payment of exercise price (subject to applicable law and the terms of the award
agreement) will be required as consideration for RSUs.
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The administrator may grant other awards under the 2019 Plan, including shares (which may, but need not, be restricted shares), cash, a combination of cash and
shares, awards denominated in share units, and share appreciation rights. However, to qualify as Section 102 or Section 3(i) awards pursuant to the Israeli Tax
Ordinance, the award must be share-based compensation only and not cash compensation or any award that is settled in cash.
Adjustment Provisions. In the event of a division or subdivision of our outstanding share capital, any distribution of bonus shares (share split), consolidation or
combination of our share capital (reverse stock split), reclassification with respect to our shares or any similar recapitalization events, a merger (including, a
reverse merger and a reverse triangular merger), consolidation, amalgamation or like transaction of us with or into another corporation, reorganization (which may
include a combination or exchange of shares, spin-off or other corporate divestiture or division, or other similar occurrences), the committee shall have the
authority to make, without the need for a consent of any holder of an award, such adjustments as determined by the committee to be appropriate, in its discretion, in
order to adjust (i) the number and class of shares reserved and available for grants of awards, (ii) the number and class of shares covered by outstanding awards,
(iii) the exercise price per share covered by any award, (iv) the terms and conditions concerning vesting and exercisability and the term and duration of the
outstanding awards and (v) any other terms of the award that in the opinion of the committee should be adjusted.
In the event of (i) a sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or a sale (including an exchange) of all or substantially all of our shares, to any person, or a
purchase by any of our shareholders or by an affiliate of such shareholder, of all or substantially all of our shares held by all or substantially all other shareholders
or by other shareholders who are not affiliated with such acquiring party; (ii) a merger (including, a reverse merger and a reverse triangular merger), consolidation,
amalgamation or like transaction of us with or into another corporation; (iii) a scheme of arrangement for the purpose of effecting such sale, merger, consolidation,
amalgamation or other transaction; (iv) change in board event, which means any time at which individuals who, as of the effective date of the 2019 Plan, constitute
the incumbent board cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the board; provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to
the effective date of the 2019 Plan whose election, or nomination for election by our shareholders, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors
then comprising the incumbent board shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the incumbent board, but excluding, for this purpose, any
such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an actual or threatened election contest with respect to the election or removal of directors
or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a person other than the board; (v) approval by our shareholders of a complete
liquidation or dissolution of the company; or (vi) such other transaction or set of circumstances that is determined by the board (being the incumbent board in case
of a change in board event), in its discretion, to be a transaction subject to these provisions of the 2019 Plan; excluding any of the above transactions in clauses (i)
through (v) if the board (being the incumbent board in case of a change in board event) determines that such transaction should be excluded from the definition
hereof and the applicability of this provision of the 2019 Plan, any award then outstanding will be assumed or will be substituted by us or by the successor
corporation in such change in control or by any affiliate thereof, as determined by the committee in its discretion, under terms as determined by the committee or
the terms of the 2019 Plan applied by the successor corporation to such assumed or substituted award, unless otherwise determined by the sole and absolute
discretion of the committee. Regardless of whether awards are assumed or substituted the committee may (but will not be obligated to), in its sole discretion: (a)
provide for grantees to have the right to exercise their awards or otherwise for the acceleration of vesting of award in respect of all or part of the shares covered by
the awards which would not otherwise be exercisable or vested, under such terms and conditions as the committee will determine, including the cancelation of all
unexercised awards (whether vested or unvested) upon or immediately prior to the closing of the change in control; and/or (b) provide for the cancelation of each
outstanding and unexercised award at or immediately prior to the closing of the change in control, and payment to the grantees of an amount in cash, our shares,
the acquirer or of a corporation or other business entity which is a party to the change in control or other property, as determined by the committee to be fair in the
circumstances, and subject to such terms and conditions as determined by the committee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of change in control, the
committee may determine, in its sole discretion, that upon completion of such change in control, the terms of any award be otherwise amended, modified or
terminated, as the committee deems in good faith to be appropriate.
Miscellaneous Provisions. Awards under the 2019 Plan are not transferable other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution or to a grantee’s designated
beneficiary, unless, in the case of awards other than incentive stock options, otherwise determined by our committee or under the 2019 Plan, and generally expire
10 years following the grant date. The board of directors may at any time amend, suspend, terminate or modify the 2019 Plan and the administrator may at any
time modify or amend any award under the 2019 Plan.
C.
Board Practices
Corporate Governance Practices
Under the Israeli Companies Law, companies incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel whose shares are publicly traded, including companies with shares
listed on NYSE, are considered public companies under Israeli law and are required to comply with various corporate governance requirements under Israeli law
relating to matters such as external directors, the audit committee, the compensation committee and an internal auditor. This is the case even though our shares are
not listed on a stock exchange in Israel. Subject to certain exceptions, these requirements are in addition to the corporate governance requirements imposed by
NYSE rules and other applicable provisions of U.S. securities laws to which we are subject (as a foreign private issuer). Under NYSE rules, a foreign private
issuer, such as us, may generally follow its home country rules of corporate governance in lieu of the comparable NYSE corporate governance requirements,
except for certain matters, including the composition and responsibilities of the audit committee and the independence of its members within the meaning of the
rules and regulations of the SEC.
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We currently comply with the rules generally applicable to U.S. domestic companies listed on NYSE. We may in the future decide to use the foreign private issuer
exemption with respect to certain NYSE corporate governance requirements.
Board of Directors and Executive Officers
Under the Israeli Companies Law, our board of directors determines our policies and supervises the performance of our chief executive officer. Our board of
directors may exercise all powers and may take all actions that are not specifically granted to our shareholders or to management. Our executive officers are
responsible for our day-to-day management. Our executive officers serve at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to the terms of their respective
employment agreements.
Independent Directors
We comply with NYSE rules, which require that a majority of our directors are independent. Our board of directors has determined that all of our directors, other
than Reuven Kitov and Reuven Harrison, qualify as independent under such rules.
Board Composition and Election
Under our amended and restated articles of association, the number of directors on our board of directors must be no less than six and no more than 10, including
any director appointed by one or both of our founders, or a founder director, pursuant to the appointment rights described under “—Appointment Rights.” The
minimum and maximum number of directors may be changed, at any time and from time to time, by a special vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of our
outstanding shares.
Other than any founder director, our directors are divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. Each class of directors consists, as nearly as possible,
of 1/3 of the total number of directors constituting the entire board of directors (other than any founder director). At each annual general meeting of our
shareholders, the election or re-election of directors following the expiration of the term of office of the directors of that class of directors is for a term of office
that expires on the third annual general meeting following such election or re-election, such that at each annual general meeting the term of office of only one class
of directors will expire. Each director, aside from any founder director, holds office until the annual general meeting of our shareholders for the year in which his
or her term expires and until his or her successor is duly appointed, unless the tenure of such director expires earlier pursuant to the Israeli Companies Law upon
the occurrence of certain events or unless removed from office by a vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the total voting power of our shareholders at a general
meeting of our shareholders in accordance with our amended and restated articles of association.
Our directors who are not founder directors are divided among the three classes as follows:
•
the Class I directors consist of Edouard Cukierman, Reuven Harrison and Yuval Shachar, and their terms will expire at our annual general meeting of
shareholders to be held in 2023;
•
the Class II directors, consist of Ohad Finkelstein, Reuven Kitov and Brian Gumbel and their terms will expire at our annual general meeting of
shareholders to be held in 2024; and
•
the Class III directors consist of Yair Shamir, Tom Schodorf, Dafna Gruber and Peter Campbell and their terms will expire at our annual general meeting
of shareholders to be held in 2022.
External Directors
Under the Israeli Companies Law, companies incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel that are public companies, including companies with shares listed
on NYSE, are required to appoint at least two external directors.
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Pursuant to regulations enacted under the Israeli Companies Law, the board of directors of a public company whose shares are listed on certain non-Israeli stock
exchanges, including NYSE, that do not have a controlling shareholder (as such term is defined in the Israeli Companies Law), may, subject to certain conditions,
elect to “opt-out” of the requirements of the Israeli Companies Law regarding the election of external directors and to the composition of the audit committee and
compensation committee, provided that the company complies with the requirements as to director independence and audit committee and compensation
committee composition applicable to companies that are incorporated in the jurisdiction in which its stock exchange is located. In May 2020, our board of directors
elected to opt-out of the Israeli Companies Law requirements to appoint external directors and related Israeli Companies Law rules concerning the composition of
the audit committee and compensation committee.
The foregoing exemptions will continue to be available to us so long as: (i) we do not have a “controlling shareholder” (as such term is defined under the Israeli
Companies Law), (ii) our shares are traded on a U.S. stock exchange, including NYSE, and (iii) we comply with NYSE rules applicable to domestic U.S.
companies. If in the future we were to have a controlling shareholder, we would again be required to comply with the requirements relating to external directors
and composition of the audit committee and compensation committee.
Under the Israeli Companies Law, the term “controlling shareholder” means a shareholder with the ability to direct the activities of the company, other than by
virtue of being an office holder. A shareholder is presumed to be a controlling shareholder if the shareholder holds 50% or more of the voting rights in a company
or has the right to appoint the majority of the directors of the company or its general manager. For the purpose of approving transactions with controlling
shareholders, the term “controlling shareholder” also includes any shareholder that holds 25% or more of the voting rights of the company if no other shareholder
holds more than 50% of the voting rights in the company.
Lead Independent Director
As approved by our board of directors, for so long as the same person serves both as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, the non-executive
board members will select a Lead Independent Director from among the independent directors of the Board. If at any meeting of the Board the Lead Independent
Director is not present, a majority of the independent members of the Board present will select an independent member of the Board to act as Lead Independent
Director for the purpose and duration of such meeting. The authorities and responsibilities of the Lead Independent Director include, but are not limited to, the
following:
•
Presiding at all meetings of the Board of Directors at which the Chairman is not present, including executive sessions of the independent directors;
•
Serving as a liaison between the Chairman and the independent directors;
•
Having the authority to recommend that the Board of Directors retain consultants or advisers that report directly to the Board of Directors;
•
Approving information sent to the Board of Directors;
•
Approving meeting agendas for the Board of Directors;
•
Approving meeting schedules to assure that there is sufficient time for discussion of all agenda items;
•
Having the authority to call meetings of the independent directors; and
•
If requested by major shareholders, ensuring that he is available for consultation and direct communication.
As Mr. Reuven Kitov is currently the Company’s Co-Founder, Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer, the non-executive board members
elected Tom Schodorf to be the Lead Independent Director.
Appointment Rights
Under our amended and restated articles of association, our founders, Reuven Kitov and Reuven Harrison, jointly have the right to appoint one director to our
board of directors so long as they each hold voting control over 2% of our outstanding ordinary shares. Pursuant to an agreement between them, Reuven Kitov will
designate the director to be appointed in this instance subject to prior consultation with Reuven Harrison. If only one of the founders holds voting control over 2%
of our outstanding ordinary shares, such founder has the sole right to appoint one director. The appointment rights of our founders are suspended if either founder
is otherwise serving on our board of directors. The term of office for a founder director expires if the appointment rights are suspended or if the founders or
founder, as the case may be, no longer holds the requisite voting control.
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Under our amended and restated articles of association, our board of directors may appoint new directors to fill vacancies (whether such vacancy is due to a
director no longer serving or due to the number of directors serving being less than the maximum required in our amended and restated articles of association). Our
amended and restated articles of association provide that the term of a director appointed by our board of directors to fill any vacancy will be for the remaining
term of office of the director(s) whose office(s) have been vacated. See “Item 6.C. Board Practices—External Directors” for a description of the exemption from
the requirements under the Israeli Companies Law to appoint external directors.
Other Considerations
Under the Israeli Companies Law, the chief executive officer of a public company may not serve as the chairman of the board of directors of that company unless
approved by a special majority of shareholders. However, if the roles of chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors are held by the same person
and this arrangement was approved by the company’s shareholders prior to its initial public offering and is described in the company’s initial public offering
prospectus, shareholder approval is only required upon the lapse of the fifth anniversary of the initial public offering. Reuven Kitov, our Chief Executive Officer,
also serves as our Chairman of the board of directors, as was approved by our shareholders in 2019 prior to our initial public offering. We may, at the conclusion of
the five-year period, and again thereafter, seek further shareholder approval for the renewal of such dual role for up to an additional three years at a time.
In addition, under the Israeli Companies Law, our board of directors must determine the minimum number of directors who are required to have “accounting and
financial expertise.” Under applicable regulations, a director with accounting and financial expertise is a director who, by reason of his or her education,
professional experience and skill, possesses an expertise in and understanding of financial and accounting matters and financial statements. He or she must be able
to thoroughly comprehend the financial statements of the company and initiate debate regarding the manner in which financial information is presented. In
determining the number of directors required to have such expertise, the board of directors must consider, among other things, the type and size of the company
and the scope and complexity of its operations. Our board of directors has determined that we require at least one director with the requisite accounting and
financial expertise, and it has determined Dafna Gruber has such expertise.
There are no familial relationships among any of our office holders (including directors).
Audit Committee
Israeli Companies Law Requirements
Under the Israeli Companies Law, the board of directors of a public company must appoint an audit committee comprised of at least three directors. Our audit
committee consists of three independent directors, Tom Schodorf (Lead Independent Director), Peter Campbell and Dafna Gruber.
Listing Requirements
Under NYSE corporate governance requirements, we are required to maintain an audit committee consisting of at least three independent directors, all of whom are
financially literate and one of whom has accounting or related financial management expertise.
Our audit committee consists of Dafna Gruber, Peter Campbell and Tom Schodorf. Peter Campbell serves as the chairperson of our audit committee. All members
of our audit committee meet the requirements for financial literacy under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and NYSE corporate governance rules.
Our board of directors has determined in its business judgment that each of Peter Campbell and Dafna Gruber are audit committee financial experts as defined by
the SEC rules and has the requisite accounting or related financial management expertise as required by NYSE corporate governance requirements. Each of Dafna
Gruber, Peter Campbell and Tom Schodorf is “independent” as such term is defined in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act and NYSE corporate governance
requirements for audit committee members.
Approval of Transactions with Related Parties
The approval of the audit committee is required to effect specified actions and transactions with office holders and controlling shareholders and their relatives, or in
which they have a personal interest. See “Item 6.C. Board Practices—Fiduciary Duties and Approval of Specified Related Party Transactions and Compensation
under Israeli Law.” The audit committee may not approve an action or a transaction with a controlling shareholder or with an office holder unless, among other
things, at the time of approval the audit committee meets the composition requirements under the Israeli Companies Law.
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Audit Committee Role
Our board of directors has adopted an audit committee charter that sets forth the responsibilities of the audit committee consistent with the Israeli Companies Law,
SEC rules and NYSE corporate governance requirements, which include, among other responsibilities:
•
retaining and terminating our independent auditors, subject to board of directors and shareholder ratification;
•
overseeing the independence, compensation and performance of the company’s independent auditors;
•
the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of any accounting firm engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or
performing other audit services;
•
pre-approval of audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent auditors;
•
reviewing with management and our independent directors our financial statements prior to their submission to the SEC; and
•
approval of certain transactions with office holders and controlling shareholders, as described below, and other related party transactions.
Additionally, under the Israeli Companies Law, the role of the audit committee includes the identification of irregularities in our business management, among
other things, by consulting with the internal auditor or our independent auditors and suggesting an appropriate course of action to the board of directors. In
addition, the audit committee or the board of directors, as set forth in the articles of association of the company, is required to approve the yearly or periodic work
plan proposed by the internal auditor. The audit committee is required to assess the company’s internal audit system and the performance of its internal auditor.
The Israeli Companies Law also requires that the audit committee assess the scope of the work and compensation of the company’s external auditor. In addition,
the audit committee is required to determine whether certain related party actions and transactions are “material” or “extraordinary” for the purpose of the requisite
approval procedures under the Israeli Companies Law and whether certain transactions with a controlling shareholder will be subject to a competitive procedure
(regardless of whether such transactions are deemed extraordinary transactions) and to set forth the approval process for transactions that are “non-negligible”
(meaning, transactions with a controlling shareholder that are classified by the audit committee as non-negligible, even though they are not deemed extraordinary
transactions), as well as determining which types of transactions would require the approval of the audit committee, optionally based on criteria which may be
determined annually in advance by the audit committee.
The audit committee charter states that the audit committee is empowered to conduct or authorize investigations into any matters within its scope of
responsibilities.
Compensation Committee
Under the Israeli Companies Law, the board of directors of any public company must appoint a compensation committee. Our compensation committee consists of
three independent directors, Peter Campbell, Dafna Gruber and Brian Gumbel. Peter Campbell serves as the chairman of our compensation committee.
Listing Requirements
Under SEC and NYSE rules, there are heightened independence standards for members of the compensation committee, including a prohibition against the receipt
of any compensation from us other than standard supervisory board member fees. Although foreign private issuers are not required to meet this heightened
standard or the requirements general for a compensation committee, our board of directors has determined that all of our compensation committee members meet
this heightened standard and other independence requirements. Each of Peter Campbell, Dafna Gruber and Brian Gumbel is “independent” under the NYSE
corporate governance requirements for compensation committee members.
Compensation Committee Role
Our board of directors has adopted a compensation committee charter that sets forth the responsibilities of the compensation committee consistent with the Israeli
Companies Law, SEC rules and NYSE corporate governance requirements, which include, among other responsibilities:
•
recommending to the board of directors the compensation policy for directors and executive officers, and to recommend to the board of directors once
every three years whether the compensation policy that had been approved should be extended for a period of more than three years;
•
recommending to the board of directors updates to the compensation policy, from time to time, and examine its implementation;
•
deciding whether to approve the terms of office and employment of directors and executive officers that require approval of the compensation committee;
•
deciding whether the compensation terms of the chief executive officer, which were determined pursuant to the compensation policy, will be exempted
from approval by the shareholders because such approval would harm the ability to engage the chief executive officer; and
•
administering and, where applicable, recommending to our board of directors regarding the awarding of employee equity grants.
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Compensation Policy
In general, under the Israeli Companies Law, a public company must have a compensation policy approved by the board of directors after receiving and
considering the recommendations of the compensation committee. In addition, the compensation policy requires the approval of the general meeting of the
shareholders, which approval requires one of the following: (i) the majority of shareholder votes counted at a general meeting including the majority of all of the
votes of those shareholders who are non-controlling shareholders and do not have a personal interest in the approval of the compensation policy, who vote at the
meeting (excluding abstentions) or (ii) the total number of votes against the proposal among the shareholders mentioned in clause (i) above does exceed 2% of the
voting rights in the company. However, under special circumstances, the board of directors may override the shareholders’ decision and approve the compensation
policy despite the objection of the shareholders on the condition that the compensation committee and then the board of directors decide, on the basis of detailed
arguments and after discussing again the compensation policy, that approval of the compensation policy, despite the objection of the meeting of shareholders, is for
the benefit of the company.
If a company that initially offers its securities to the public adopts a compensation policy in advance of its initial public offering, and describes it in its prospectus,
as we did in the prospectus for our initial public offering, then such compensation policy shall be deemed a validly adopted policy in accordance with the Israeli
Companies Law requirements described above. Furthermore, if the compensation policy is set in accordance with the aforementioned relief, then it will remain in
effect for term of five years from the date such company has become a public company.
The compensation policy must be based on certain considerations, include certain provisions and needs to reference certain matters as set forth in the Israeli
Companies Law.
The compensation policy must serve as the basis for decisions concerning the financial terms of employment or engagement of office holders, including
exculpation, insurance, indemnification or any monetary payment or obligation of payment in respect of employment or engagement. The compensation policy
must relate to certain factors, including advancement of the company’s objectives, business plan and long-term strategy, and creation of appropriate incentives for
office holders. It must also consider, among other things, the company’s risk management, size and the nature of its operations. The compensation policy must
furthermore consider the following additional factors:
•
the education, skills, experience, expertise and accomplishments of the relevant office holder;
•
the office holder’s position, responsibilities and prior compensation agreements with that office holder;
•
the ratio between the cost of the terms of employment of an office holder and the cost of the employment of other employees of the company, including
employees employed through contractors who provide services to the company, in particular the ratio between such cost, the average and median salary of
the employees of the company, as well as the impact of such disparities on the work relationships in the company;
•
if the terms of employment include variable components—the possibility of reducing variable components at the discretion of the board of directors and
the possibility of setting a limit on the value of non-cash variable equity-based components; and
•
if the terms of employment include severance compensation—the term of employment or office of the office holder, the terms of his or her compensation
during such period, the company’s performance during the such period, his or her individual contribution to the achievement of the company goals and
the maximization of its profits and the circumstances under which he or she is leaving the company.
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The compensation policy must also include:
•
with regard to variable components:
•
with the exception of office holders who report directly to the chief executive officer, determining the variable components on long-term performance
basis and on measurable criteria; however, the company may determine that an immaterial part of the variable components of the compensation package
of an office holder’s shall be awarded based on non-measurable criteria, if such amount is not higher than three monthly salaries per annum, while taking
into account such office holder contribution to the company; and
•
the ratio between variable and fixed components, as well as the limit of the values of variable components at the time of their grant;
•
a condition under which the office holder will return to the company, according to conditions to be set forth in the compensation policy, any amounts paid
as part of his or her terms of employment, if such amounts were paid based on information later to be discovered to be wrong, and such information was
restated in the company’s financial statements;
•
the minimum holding or vesting period of variable equity-based components to be set in the terms of office or employment, as applicable, while taking
into consideration long-term incentives; and
•
a limit to retirement grants.
Our compensation policy, which was adopted and approved on March 21, 2019 and amended on July 29, 2020 and July 15, 2021, is designed to promote retention
and motivation of directors and executive officers, incentivize superior individual excellence, align the interests of our directors and executive officers with our
long-term performance and provide a risk management tool. To that end, a portion of an executive officer compensation package is targeted to reflect our short-
and long-term goals, as well as the executive officer’s individual performance. On the other hand, our compensation policy includes measures designed to reduce
the executive officer’s incentives to take excessive risks that may harm us in the long-term, such as limits on the value of cash bonuses and equity-based
compensation, limitations on the ratio between the variable and the total compensation of an executive officer and minimum vesting periods for equity-based
compensation.
Our compensation policy also addresses each of our executive officers’ individual characteristics (such as his or her respective position, education, scope of
responsibilities and contribution to the attainment of our goals) as the basis for compensation variation among our executive officers, and considers the internal
ratios between compensation of our executive officers and directors and other employees. Pursuant to our compensation policy, the compensation that may be
granted to an executive officer may include: base salary, annual bonuses and other cash bonuses (such as a signing bonus and special bonuses with respect to any
special achievements, such as outstanding personal achievement, outstanding personal effort or outstanding company performance), equity-based compensation,
benefits and retirement and termination of service arrangements. All cash bonuses are limited to a maximum amount linked to the executive officer’s base salary.
In addition, the total variable compensation components (cash bonuses and equity-based compensation) may not exceed 95% of each executive officer’s total
compensation package with respect to any given calendar year.
An annual cash bonus may be awarded to executive officers upon the attainment of pre-set periodic objectives determined by the compensation committee and
individual targets. The annual cash bonus, which may be granted to our executive officers other than our chief executive officer, is based on performance
objectives and a discretionary evaluation of the executive officer’s overall performance by our chief executive officer and subject to minimum thresholds. The
annual cash bonus that may be granted to executive officers other than our chief executive officer may be based entirely on a discretionary evaluation.
Furthermore, the performance objectives are recommended by our chief executive officer and approved by our compensation committee (and, if required by law,
by our board of directors).
The performance measurable objectives of our chief executive officer are determined annually by our compensation committee and board of directors, and include
the weight to be assigned to each achievement in the overall evaluation. A less significant portion of the chief executive officer’s annual cash bonus may be based
on a discretionary evaluation of the chief executive officer’s overall performance by the compensation committee and the board of directors based on quantitative
and qualitative criteria.
The equity-based compensation under our compensation policy for our executive officers (including members of our board of directors) is designed in a manner
consistent with the underlying objectives in determining the base salary and the annual cash bonus, with its main objectives being to enhance the alignment
between the executive officers’ interests with our long-term interests and those of our shareholders and to strengthen the retention and the motivation of executive
officers in the long term. Our compensation policy provides for executive officer compensation in the form of share options or other equity-based awards, such as
restricted shares and restricted share units, in accordance with our equity incentive plans then in place. All equity-based incentives granted to executive officers
shall be subject to vesting periods in order to promote long-term retention of the executive officers. The equity-based compensation shall be granted from time to
time and be individually determined and awarded according to the performance, educational background, prior business experience, qualifications, role and the
personal responsibilities of the executive officer.
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In addition, our compensation policy contains compensation recovery provisions which allows us under certain conditions to recover bonuses paid in excess,
enables our chief executive officer to approve an immaterial change in the terms of employment of an executive officer (provided that the changes of the terms of
employment are in accordance our compensation policy) and allows us to exculpate, indemnify and insure our executive officers and directors subject to certain
limitations set forth thereto.
Our compensation policy also provides for compensation to the members of our board of directors either (i) in accordance with the amounts provided in the Israeli
Companies Regulations (Rules Regarding the Compensation and Expenses of an External Director) of 2000, as amended by the Israeli Companies Regulations
(Relief for Public Companies Traded in Stock Exchange Outside of Israel) of 2000, as such regulations may be amended from time to time, or (ii) in accordance
with the amounts determined in our compensation policy.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Dafna Gruber, Yuval Shachar and Yair Shamir. Yuval Shachar serves as the chairperson of our
nominating and corporate governance committee.
Listing Requirements
Under NYSE corporate governance requirements, we are required to maintain a nominating and corporate governance committee composed only of independent
directors, but may opt out as a foreign private issuer. Our board of directors has determined that all of our nominating and corporate governance committee
members meet such standards. Each of Dafna Gruber, Yuval Schachar and Yair Shamir is “independent” under NYSE corporate governance requirements.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Role
Our board of directors has adopted a nominating and corporate governance committee charter that sets forth the responsibilities of the nominating and corporate
governance committee consistent with the Israeli Companies Law, SEC rules and NYSE corporate governance requirements, which include, among other
responsibilities:
•
supporting and advising our board of directors in selecting director nominees, consistent with the criteria approved by our board of directors, who are best
able to fulfill the responsibilities of a director;
•
overseeing the evaluation of our board of directors and our management; and
•
otherwise taking a leadership role in shaping our corporate governance establishing and maintaining effective corporate governance policies and practices,
including developing and recommending to our board of directors a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to our company.
Internal Auditor
Under the Israeli Companies Law, the board of directors of a public company must appoint an internal auditor based on the recommendation of the audit
committee. The role of the internal auditor is, among other things, to examine whether a company’s actions comply with applicable law and orderly business
procedure. Under the Israeli Companies Law, the internal auditor may not be an interested party or an office holder or a relative of an interested party or of an
office holder, nor may the internal auditor be the company’s independent auditor or the representative of the same.
An “interested party” is defined in the Israeli Companies Law as (i) a holder of 5% or more of the issued share capital or voting power in a company, (ii) any
person or entity who has the right to designate one or more directors or to designate the chief executive officer of the company or (iii) any person who serves as a
director or as a chief executive officer of the company.
Chaikin, Cohen, Rubin & Co. has been appointed as our internal auditor.
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Fiduciary Duties and Approval of Specified Related Party Transactions and Compensation under Israeli Law
Fiduciary Duties of Office Holders
The Israeli Companies Law imposes a duty of care and a duty of loyalty on all office holders of a company. The duty of care requires an office holder to act with
the degree of skill and care with which a reasonable office holder in the same position would have acted under the same circumstances. The duty of care includes,
among other things, a duty to use reasonable means, in light of the circumstances, to obtain:
•
information on the advisability of a given action brought for his or her approval or performed by virtue of his or her position; and
•
all other important information pertaining to such action.
The duty of loyalty incumbent on an office holder requires him or her to act in good faith and for the benefit of the company, and includes, among other things, the
duty to:
•
refrain from any act involving a conflict of interest between the performance of his or her duties in the company and his or her other duties or personal
affairs;
•
refrain from any activity that is competitive with the business of the company;
•
refrain from exploiting any business opportunity of the company for the purpose of gaining a personal advantage for himself or herself or others; and
•
disclose to the company any information or documents relating to the company’s affairs which the office holder received as a result of his or her position
as an office holder.
Disclosure of Personal Interests of an Office Holder and Approval of Certain Transactions
Under the Israeli Companies Law, a company may approve an act specified above which would otherwise constitute a breach of the office holder’s fiduciary duty,
provided that the office holder acted in good faith, the act or its approval does not harm the company, and the office holder discloses to the company his or her
personal interest in the transaction (including any significant fact or document) a reasonable time before the approval of such act. Any such approval is subject to
the terms of the Israeli Companies Law, setting forth, among other things, the appropriate bodies of the company required to provide such approval, and the
methods of obtaining such approval.
The Israeli Companies Law requires that an office holder promptly disclose to the company any direct or indirect personal interest that he or she may have and all
related material information or documents known to him or her relating to any existing or proposed transaction by the company. An interested office holder’s
disclosure must be made promptly and, in any event, no later than the first meeting of the board of directors at which the transaction is considered. An office holder
is not obliged to disclose such information if the personal interest of the office holder derives solely from the personal interest of his or her relative in a transaction
that is not considered an extraordinary transaction.
If the transaction is an extraordinary transaction, the office holder must also disclose any personal interest held by:
•
the office holder’s relatives (spouse, siblings, parents, grandparents, descendants, spouse’s descendants and the spouses of any of these people); or
•
any company in which the office holder or his or her relatives holds 5% or more of the shares or voting rights, serves as a director or general manager or
has the right to appoint at least one director or the general manager.
Under the Israeli Companies Law, unless the articles of association of a company provide otherwise, a transaction with an office holder or with a third party in
which the office holder has a personal interest, which is not an extraordinary transaction, requires approval by the board of directors or a committee authorized by
the board of directors. Our amended and restated articles of association provide that such a transaction, which is not an extraordinary transaction, shall be approved
by the board of directors or a committee of the board of directors or any other body or person (which has no personal interest in the transaction) authorized by the
board of directors. If the transaction considered is an extraordinary transaction with an office holder or third party in which the office holder has a personal interest,
then audit committee approval is required prior to approval by the board of directors. Under specific circumstances, shareholder approval may also be required. For
the approval of compensation arrangements with directors and executive officers, see “Item 6.B. Compensation—Compensation of Directors and Executive
Officers.”
Any persons who have a personal interest in the approval of a transaction that is brought before a meeting of the board of directors or the audit committee may not
be present at the meeting or vote on the matter. However, if the chairman of the board of directors or the chairman of the audit committee, as applicable, has
determined that the presence of an office holder with a personal interest is required, such office holder may be present at the meeting for the purpose of presenting
the matter. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a director who has a personal interest may be present at the meeting of the board of directors or the audit committee (as
applicable) and vote on the matter if a majority of the members of the board of directors or the audit committee (as applicable) have a personal interest in the
approval of such transaction. If a majority of the directors at a board of directors meeting have a personal interest in the transaction, such transaction also generally
requires approval of the shareholders of the company.
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A “personal interest” is defined under the Israeli Companies Law as the personal interest of a person in an action or in a transaction of the company, including the
personal interest of such person’s relative or the interest of any other corporate body in which the person and/or such person’s relative is a director or general
manager, a 5% shareholder or holds 5% or more of the issued and outstanding share capital of the company or of its voting rights, or has the right to appoint at
least one director or the general manager, but excluding a personal interest stemming solely from the fact of holding shares in the company. A personal interest also
includes (i) a personal interest of a person who votes according to a proxy of another person, including in the event that the other person has no personal interest,
and (ii) a personal interest of a person who gave a proxy to another person to vote on his or her behalf regardless of whether the discretion of how to vote lies with
the person voting.
An “extraordinary transaction” is defined under the Israeli Companies Law as any of the following:
•
a transaction other than in the ordinary course of business;
•
a transaction that is not on market terms; or
•
a transaction that may have a material impact on the company’s profitability, assets or liabilities.
Disclosure of Personal Interests of a Controlling Shareholder and Approval of Transactions
Pursuant to the Israeli Companies Law, the disclosure requirements that apply to an office holder also apply to a controlling shareholder of a public company.
Extraordinary transactions with a controlling shareholder or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, including a private placement in which a
controlling shareholder has a personal interest, and the terms of engagement of the company, directly or indirectly, with a controlling shareholder or a controlling
shareholder’s relative (including through a corporation controlled by a controlling shareholder), regarding the company’s receipt of services from the controlling
shareholder, and if such controlling shareholder is also an office holder or employee of the company, regarding his or her terms of employment, require the
approval of each of (i) the audit committee (or the compensation committee with respect to the terms of the engagement as an office holder or employee, including
insurance, indemnification and compensation), (ii) the board of directors and (iii) the shareholders, in that order. In addition, the shareholder approval must fulfill
one of the following requirements:
•
a majority of the shares held by shareholders who have no personal interest in the transaction and are voting at the meeting must be voted in favor of
approving the transaction, excluding abstentions; or
•
the shares voted by shareholders who have no personal interest in the transaction who vote against the transaction represent no more than 2% of the voting
rights in the company.
Such majority determined in accordance with the majority requirement described above is hereinafter referred to as the Compensation Special Majority
Requirement.
Any such transaction for which the term is more than three years must be approved in the same manner every three years, unless with respect to certain transactions
as permitted by the Israeli Companies Law, the audit committee has determined that a longer term is reasonable under the circumstances. In addition, transactions
with a controlling shareholder or a controlling shareholder’s relative who serves as an executive officer in a company, directly or indirectly (including through a
corporation under his control), involving the receipt of services by a company or their compensation can have a term of five years from the company’s initial
public offering under certain circumstances.
The Israeli Companies Law requires that every shareholder that participates, in person or by proxy, in a vote regarding a transaction with a controlling shareholder,
must indicate in advance or in the ballot whether or not that shareholder has a personal interest in the vote in question. Failure to so indicate generally results in the
invalidation of that shareholder’s vote.
Disclosure of Compensation of Executive Officers
For so long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer, we are not required to comply with the proxy rules applicable to U.S. domestic filers, including the
requirement applicable to emerging growth companies to disclose the compensation of our chief executive officer and other two most highly compensated
executive officers on an individual, rather than an aggregate, basis. Nevertheless, regulations promulgated under the Israeli Companies Law require us to disclose
in the proxy statement for the annual general meeting of our shareholders (or to include a reference therein to other previously furnished public disclosure) the
annual compensation of our five most highly compensated executive officers on an individual, rather than an aggregate, basis. This disclosure will not be as
extensive as that required of a U.S. domestic issuer.
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Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
Directors. Under the Israeli Companies Law, the compensation of our directors requires the approval of our compensation committee, the subsequent approval of
the board of directors and, unless exempted under regulations promulgated under the Israeli Companies Law, the approval of the shareholders at a general meeting.
If the compensation of our directors is inconsistent with our compensation policy, then, provided that those provisions that must be included in the compensation
policy according to the Israeli Companies Law have been considered by the compensation committee and board of directors, and provided that shareholder
approval is obtained by the Compensation Special Majority Requirement.
Executive Officers (other than the Chief Executive Officer). The Israeli Companies Law requires the approval of the compensation of a public company’s executive
officers (other than the chief executive officer) in the following order: (i) the compensation committee, (ii) the company’s board of directors and (iii) if such
compensation arrangement is inconsistent with the company’s compensation policy, the company’s shareholders (the Compensation Special Majority
Requirement). However, if the shareholders of the company do not approve a compensation arrangement with an executive officer that is inconsistent with the
company’s compensation policy, the compensation committee and board of directors may override the shareholders’ decision if each of the compensation
committee and the board of directors provide detailed reasons for their decision.
Chief Executive Officer. The Israeli Companies Law requires the approval of the compensation of a public company’s chief executive officer in the following
order: (i) the company’s compensation committee, (ii) the company’s board of directors and (iii) the company’s shareholders (the Compensation Special Majority
Requirement). However, if the shareholders of the company do not approve the compensation arrangement with the chief executive officer, the compensation
committee and board of directors may override the shareholders’ decision if each of the compensation committee and the board of directors provide a detailed
report for their decision. The approval of each of the compensation committee and the board of directors should be in accordance with the company’s
compensation policy; however, in special circumstances, they may approve compensation terms of a chief executive officer that are inconsistent with such policy
provided that they have considered those provisions that must be included in the compensation policy according to the Israeli Companies Law and that shareholder
approval was obtained (by a special majority vote as discussed above with respect to the approval of director compensation). In addition, the compensation
committee may waive the shareholder approval requirement with regards to the approval of the engagement terms of a candidate for the chief executive officer
position, if the compensation committee determines that the compensation arrangement is consistent with the company’s compensation policy, and that the chief
executive officer did not have a prior business relationship with the company or a controlling shareholder of the company and that subjecting the approval of the
engagement to a shareholder vote would impede the company’s ability to employ the chief executive officer candidate.
Duties of Shareholders
Under the Israeli Companies Law, a shareholder has a duty to refrain from abusing its power in the company and to act in good faith and in an acceptable manner
in exercising its rights and performing its obligations to the company and other shareholders, including, among other things, when voting at meetings of
shareholders on the following matters:
•
an amendment to the articles of association;
•
an increase in the company’s authorized share capital;
•
a merger; and
•
the approval of related party transactions and acts of office holders that require shareholder approval.
A shareholder also has a general duty to refrain from discriminating against other shareholders.
The remedies generally available upon a breach of contract also apply to a breach of the shareholder duties mentioned above, and in the event of discrimination
against other shareholders, additional remedies may be available to the injured shareholder.
In addition, any controlling shareholder, any shareholder that knows that its vote can determine the outcome of a shareholder vote and any shareholder that, under a
company’s articles of association, has the power to appoint or prevent the appointment of an office holder, or any other power with respect to a company, is under
a duty to act with fairness towards the company. The Israeli Companies Law does not describe the substance of this duty except to state that the remedies generally
available upon a breach of contract also apply in the event of a breach of the duty to act with fairness, taking the shareholder’s position in the company into
account.
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Approval of Private Placements
Under the Israeli Companies Law and the regulations promulgated thereunder, a private placement of securities of an Israeli public company whose shares are
traded solely outside of Israel does not require approval at a general meeting of the shareholders of a company; provided however, that in special circumstances,
such as a private placement, which is intended to obviate the need to conduct a special tender offer or a private placement which qualifies as a related party
transaction, for which approval at a general meeting of the shareholders of a company is required. See “Item 10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Association—
Acquisitions under Israeli Law.”
However, we are subject to NYSE corporate governance requirements relating to private placements.
Exculpation, Insurance and Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Under the Israeli Companies Law, a company may not exculpate an office holder from liability for a breach of the duty of loyalty. An Israeli company may
exculpate an office holder in advance from liability to the company, in whole or in part, for damages caused to the company as a result of a breach of duty of care
but only if a provision authorizing such exculpation is included in its articles of association. Our amended and restated articles of association include such a
provision. The company may not exculpate in advance a director from liability arising from a breach of his or her duty of care in connection with a prohibited
dividend or distribution to shareholders.
As permitted under the Israeli Companies Law, our amended and restated articles of association provide that we may indemnify an office holder in respect of the
following liabilities, payments and expenses incurred for acts performed by him or her as an office holder, either in advance of an event or following an event:
•
a monetary liability incurred by or imposed on the office holder in favor of another person pursuant to a court judgment, including pursuant to a
settlement confirmed as judgment or arbitrator’s decision approved by a competent court. However, if an undertaking to indemnify an office holder with
respect to such liability is provided in advance, then such an undertaking must be limited to events which, in the opinion of the board of directors, can be
foreseen based on the company’s activities when the undertaking to indemnify is given, and to an amount or according to criteria determined by the board
of directors as reasonable under the circumstances, and such undertaking shall detail the abovementioned foreseen events and amount or criteria;
•
reasonable litigation expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, which were incurred by the office holder as a result of an investigation or proceeding
filed against the office holder by an authority authorized to conduct such investigation or proceeding, provided that such investigation or proceeding was
either (i) concluded without the filing of an indictment against such office holder and without the imposition on him of any monetary obligation in lieu of
a criminal proceeding, (ii) concluded without the filing of an indictment against the office holder but with the imposition of a monetary obligation on the
office holder in lieu of criminal proceedings for an offense that does not require proof of criminal intent or (iii) in connection with a monetary sanction;
•
reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder or which were imposed on the office holder by a court (i) in a
proceeding instituted against him or her by the company, on its behalf, or by a third party, (ii) in connection with criminal indictment of which the office
holder was acquitted or (iii) in a criminal indictment which the office holder was convicted of an offense that does not require proof of criminal intent;
•
expenses he or she incurs as a result of administrative proceedings that may be instituted against him or her under Israeli securities laws, if applicable, and
payments made to injured persons under specific circumstances thereunder; and
•
any other matter in respect of which it is permitted or will be permitted under applicable law to indemnify an office holder in the company.
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As permitted under the Israeli Companies Law, our amended and restated articles of association provide that we may insure an office holder against the following
liabilities incurred for acts performed by him or her as an office holder:
•
a breach of the duty of loyalty to the company, provided that the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that the act would
not harm the company;
•
a breach of duty of care to the company or to another person, to the extent such a breach arises out of the negligent conduct of the office holder;
•
a monetary liability imposed on the office holder in favor of a third party;
•
expenses he or she incurs as a result of administrative proceedings that may be instituted against him or her under the Israeli securities laws if applicable,
and payments made to injured persons under specific circumstances thereunder; and
•
any other matter in respect of which it is permitted or will be permitted under applicable law to insure the liability of an office holder in the company.
Under the Israeli Companies Law, a company may not indemnify, exculpate or insure an office holder against any of the following:
•
a breach of the duty of loyalty, except for indemnification and insurance for a breach of the duty of loyalty to the company to the extent that the office
holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that the act would not prejudice the company;
•
a breach of duty of care committed intentionally or recklessly, excluding a breach arising out of the negligent conduct of the office holder;
•
an act or omission committed with intent to derive illegal personal benefit; or
•
a fine, monetary sanction or forfeit levied against the office holder.
Under the Israeli Companies Law, exculpation, indemnification and insurance of office holders must be approved by the compensation committee and the board of
directors and, with respect to directors or controlling shareholders, their relatives and third parties in which controlling shareholders have a personal interest, also
by the shareholders.
Our amended and restated articles of association permit us to exculpate, indemnify and insure our office holders to the fullest extent permitted or to be permitted by
law. Our office holders are currently covered by a directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy. As of the date of this annual report, no claims for directors’ and
officers’ liability insurance have been filed under this policy and we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation or proceeding involving any of our office
holders, including our directors, in which indemnification is sought.
We have entered into agreements with each of our current office holders exculpating them from a breach of their duty of care to us to the fullest extent permitted
by law, subject to limited exceptions, and undertaking to indemnify them to the fullest extent permitted by law, subject to limited exceptions, including to the
extent that these liabilities are not covered by insurance. This indemnification is limited, with respect to any monetary liability imposed in favor of a third party, to
events determined as foreseeable by the board of directors based on our activities. The maximum aggregate amount of indemnification that we may pay to our
office holders based on such indemnification agreement is the greater of (i) 25% of our total shareholders’ equity pursuant to our most recent financial statements
as of the time of the actual payment of indemnification and (ii) $40.0 million (as may be increased from time to time by shareholders’ approval); provided,
however, that in relation to indemnification claimed in connection with a public offering of our securities, the amount, if higher, shall be equal to the aggregate
proceeds from the sale by the Company and/or any shareholder of the Company in connection with such public offering. Such indemnification amounts are in
addition to any insurance amounts. Each office holder who agrees to receive this letter of indemnification also gives his approval to the termination of all previous
letters of indemnification that we have provided to him or her in the past, if any. However, in the opinion of the SEC, indemnification of office holders for
liabilities arising under the Securities Act is against public policy and therefore unenforceable.
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Employment and Consulting Agreements with Executive Officers
We have entered into written employment or service agreements with each of our executive officers. See “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions—Employment
Agreements.”
D.
Employees
As of December 31, 2021, we had 542 employees, independent consultants and independent contractors, of which 282 were in located in Israel, 159 were located
in the United States, 27 were located in the United Kingdom and approximately 74 were located across 19 other countries. Set forth below is a breakdown of our
global workforce of employees, independent consultants and independent contractors by category of activity as of the dates indicated:
As of December 31,
2019
2020
2021
Services, support and fulfillment
98
97
100
Research and development
187
177
171
Sales and marketing
223
194
198
General and administrative
60
65
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Total
568
533
542
With respect to our Israeli employees, Israeli labor laws govern the length of the workday, minimum wages for employees, procedures for hiring and dismissing
employees, determination of severance pay, annual leave, sick days, advance notice of termination of employment, equal opportunity and anti-discrimination laws
and other conditions of employment. Subject to certain exceptions, Israeli law generally requires severance pay upon the retirement, death or dismissal of an
employee, and requires us and our employees to make payments to the National Insurance Institute, which is similar to the U.S. Social Security Administration.
Our Israeli employees have pension plans that comply with the applicable Israeli legal requirements, and we make monthly contributions to severance pay funds
for all Israeli employees, which cover potential severance pay obligations.
Extension orders issued by the Israeli Ministry of Economy and Industry (formerly the Israeli Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor) apply to our employees in
Israel and affect matters such as, living adjustments to salaries, length of working hours and week, recuperation pay, travel expenses, and pension rights. We have
never experienced labor-related work stoppages or strikes and believe that our relations with our employees are satisfactory.
E.
Share Ownership
For information regarding the share ownership of our directors and executive officers, please refer to “Item 6.B. Compensation” and “Item 7.A. Major
Shareholders.”
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ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A.
Major Shareholders
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our shares as of February 23, 2022 by:
•
each person or entity known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our outstanding shares;
•
each of our directors and executive officers individually; and
•
all of our directors and executive officers as a group.
The beneficial ownership of ordinary shares is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes any ordinary shares over which a person
exercises sole or shared voting or investment power, or the right to receive the economic benefit of ownership. For purposes of the table below, we deem shares
subject to options or warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of February 23, 2022 to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by
the person holding the options or warrants for the purposes of computing the percentage ownership of that person but we do not treat them as outstanding for the
purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The percentage of shares beneficially owned is based on 37,921,019 ordinary shares
outstanding as of February 23, 2022.
As of February 23, 2022, we had 5 holders of record of our ordinary shares in the United States, including Cede & Co., the nominee of The Depository Trust
Company. These shareholders held an aggregate of 33,996,364, or 89.7%, of our ordinary shares outstanding as of February 23, 2022. The number of record
holders in the United States is not representative of the number of beneficial holders nor is it representative of where such beneficial holders are resident, since
many of these ordinary shares were held by brokers or other nominees.
All of our shareholders, including the shareholders listed below, have the same voting rights attached to their ordinary shares. See “Item 10.B. Memorandum and
Articles of Association—Voting Rights and Conversion.” Unless otherwise noted below, each shareholder’s address is Tufin Software Technologies Ltd., 5
HaShalom Road, ToHa Tower, Tel Aviv 6789205, Israel.
Shares Beneficially Owned
Name of Beneficial Owner
Number
%
Directors and Executive Officers
Reuven Kitov (1)
1,971,853
5.2%
Reuven Harrison
1,736,191
4.6%
Jack Wakileh
*
*
Yoram Gronich
*
*
Shay Dayan
*
*
Raymond Brancato
*
*
Ohad Finkelstein (2)
500,280
1.3%
Yuval Shachar (3)
623,147
1.6%
Yair Shamir
*
*
Edouard Cukierman
*
*
Peter Campbell
*
*
Dafna Gruber
*
*
Tom Schodorf
*
*
Brian Gumbel
*
*
All directors and executive officers as a group (14 persons) (4)
4,552,493
12.0%
Principal Shareholders
ETF Managers Group LLC (5)
2,745,165
7.2%
EVR Research LP (6)
2,360,000
6.1%
_______________________
*
Less than 1%.
(1)
Includes 639,350 shares held in trust for family members over which Reuven Kitov is the beneficial owner.
(2)
Includes 473,968 shares Ohad Finkelstein may be deemed to beneficially own through entities affiliated with Marker LLC and 10,638 shares issuable
upon the exercise of options exercisable within 60 days of February 23, 2022.
(3)
Includes 473,968 shares Yuval Shachar may be deemed to beneficially own through entities affiliated with Marker LLC and 60,360 shares issuable upon
the exercise of options exercisable within 60 days of February 23, 2022.
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(4)
See notes 1 through 3 above. Includes 4,625,638 ordinary shares and 122,500 shares issuable upon the exercise of options exercisable within 60 days of
February 23, 2022.
(5)
The information in the table above concerning the number of shares beneficially owned by ETF Managers Group LLC, was obtained from a Schedule
13G/A filed with the SEC by ETF Managers Group LLC on December 22, 2021 reporting beneficial ownership at December 17, 2021. The address of
the foregoing entity is ETF Managers Group LLC, 30 Maple Street, Suite 2, Summit, NJ 07091.
(6)
The information in the table above concerning the number of ordinary shares beneficially owned by EVR Master Fund, LP was obtained from a Schedule
13G/A filed with the SEC by EVR Research LP and EVR Master Fund, LP on February 28, 2022 reporting beneficial ownership as of such date, and
includes 1,630,000 ordinary shares and call options exercisable into 730,000 ordinary shares held by EVR Master Fund, LP. EVR Research LP, as the
investment manager of EVR Master Fund, LP and certain other funds, may be deemed an indirect beneficial owner of the ordinary shares. Benjamin
Wolf Joffe is the managing member of the general partner of EVR Research LP and exercises investment discretion with respect to these ordinary shares
held directly by EVR Master Fund, LP and certain other funds. The address of EVR Research LP is 411 Libbie Avenue, Suite 3, Richmond, VA 23226,
and the address for EVR Master Fund, LP is 411 Libbie Avenue, Suite 3, Richmond, VA 23226.
Changes in Ownership
Immediately after our IPO, entities affiliated with Catalyst Private Equity Partners (II), Limited Partnership and Marker LLC owned approximately 19% and 21%
of our outstanding ordinary shares, respectively. As a result of various sell-downs and distributions to their limited partners and members over time, these entities
decreased their ownership of our ordinary shares, and eventually ceased to be 5% beneficial owners of our outstanding ordinary shares in the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2021.
B.
Related Party Transactions
Our policy is to enter into transactions with related parties on terms that, on the whole, are no more favorable, or no less favorable, than those available from
unaffiliated third parties. Based on our experience in the business sectors in which we operate and the terms of our transactions with unaffiliated third parties, we
believe that all of the transactions described below met this policy standard at the time they occurred. The following is a description of material transactions, or
series of related material transactions, since January 1, 2021, to which we were or will be a party and are reportable as related party transactions under Item 7.B of
Form 20-F.
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Agreements with Related Parties
Registration Rights
Our amended and restated investors’ rights agreement entitles certain of our shareholders to certain registration rights, including the following:
Form F-1 Demand Rights. The holders of at least 25% of the shares held by our former preferred shareholders can provide us a written request to file a registration
statement in respect of the ordinary shares issued upon conversion of the preferred shares, or the “registrable securities.” Within 10 days of the receipt of a request
to effect such registration, we must give written notice of the request to the other holders of the registrable securities. We are not required to effect more than two
registrations on Form F-1 that have been declared or ordered effective as promptly as practicable. We are only required to effect any such registration if the
anticipated aggregate proceeds will be at least $5.0 million (net of underwriting discounts).
Form F-3 Demand Rights. Upon the written request of any former preferred shareholders that we effect a registration on Form F-3, we must give written notice of
the proposed registration within 10 days, and any related qualification or compliance, to all other former preferred shareholders. We must use commercially
reasonable efforts to effect such registration and all such qualifications and compliances requested, together with all or such portion of the registrable securities of
any other former preferred shareholders joining in such request. We are not required to effect a registration on Form F-3 more than twice in any 12-month period.
We are only required to effect any such registration if the anticipated aggregate proceeds will be at least $1.0 million.
Shelf Takedown. Upon the written request of any former preferred shareholders that we effect a public offering using an effective shelf registration statement, we
must give written notice of the proposed offering within 10 days (or two business days in connection with an underwritten “block trade”), and any related
qualification or compliance, to all other former preferred shareholders. We are not required to effect an underwritten shelf takedown if we effected a demand
registration, piggyback offering or underwritten shelf takedown within the preceding 90 days. We are only required to effect an underwritten shelf takedown if the
anticipated aggregate proceeds will be at least $5.0 million.
Piggyback Offerings. Shareholders holding registrable securities have the right to request to participate in any offering initiated by us, subject to specified
exceptions. Holders of registrable securities continue to have the right to participate in subsequent piggyback offerings regardless of whether the holder has opted
out of prior offerings.
Cutback. In the event that the underwriter advises us that marketing factors require a limitation on the number of shares that can be included in a registered
offering, the shares will be included in the registration statement in an agreed order of preference among the holders of registration rights. The same preference
also applies in the case of a piggyback offering, but we have first preference and the amount of registrable securities to be included may not be reduced below 25%
of the total amount of securities included in such offering.
Termination. Rights granted to holders of registrable securities pursuant to the amended and restated investors’ rights agreement terminate on the fifth anniversary
of the closing of our initial public offering. With respect to any of our holders of registrable securities that hold less than 4% of our outstanding ordinary shares,
such rights terminate when the shares held by such shareholder can be sold within a 90-day period under Rule 144. We have the right to terminate or delay any
registration or offering, even if such registration or offering is subject to piggyback rights.
Expenses. We will pay all expenses in carrying out the foregoing registrations or offerings other than any underwriting discounts.
Rights of Appointment
Our current board of directors consists of ten directors. Our founders, Reuven Kitov and Reuven Harrison, have agreed that Reuven Kitov will designate the
director that our founders are permitted to jointly appoint under certain circumstances for so long as our founders share such designation right as set forth in our
amended and restated articles of association. See “Item 6.C. Board Practices—Appointment Rights.” Otherwise, as of the date of this annual report, we are not a
party to, and are not aware of, any voting or board appointment agreements among our shareholders.
Agreements with Directors and Executive Officers
Employment Agreements. We have entered into written employment agreements with each of our executive officers. These agreements provide for notice periods
of varying duration for termination of the agreement by us or by the relevant executive officer, during which time the executive officer will continue to receive
base salary and benefits. These agreements also contain customary provisions regarding noncompetition, confidentiality of information and assignment-of-
inventions. However, the enforceability of the noncompetition provisions may be limited under applicable law.
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Equity Awards. Since October 2007, we have granted options to purchase our ordinary shares and Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) to our officers and to our
directors. Such option agreements may contain acceleration provisions upon certain merger, acquisition, or change of control transactions. We describe our option
plans under “Equity Incentive Plans” in this annual report. If our relationship with an executive officer or a director is terminated, except for cause (as defined in
the various option plan agreements), all options that are vested will remain exercisable for 90 days after such termination (180 days in case of death, retirement or
disability) or until expiration of the term of the option award, whichever is earlier.
The following table provides information as of February 23, 2022, regarding the outstanding unvested RSUs for our ordinary shares granted to our directors and
executive officers that, in each case, beneficially own 1% or more of our ordinary shares:
Name/Title
Number of
Shares
Underlying
RSUs
Reuven Kitov, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board of Directors and Co-Founder
187,500
Reuven Harrison, Chief Technology Officer and Co-Founder
85,000
Exculpation, Indemnification and Insurance. Our amended and restated articles of association permit us to exculpate, indemnify and insure certain of our office
holders to the fullest extent permitted by the Israeli Companies Law. We entered into agreements with our office holders, exculpating them from a breach of their
duty of care to us to the fullest extent permitted by law and undertaking to indemnify them to the fullest extent permitted by law, subject to certain exceptions. See
“Item 6.C. Board Practices—Exculpation, Insurance and Indemnification of Directors and Officers.”
Directors’ Service Contracts. There are no arrangements or understandings between us, on the one hand, and any of our directors, on the other hand, providing for
benefits upon termination of their employment or service as directors of our company.
C.
Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A.
Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
Consolidated Financial Statements
We have appended as part of this annual report our consolidated financial statements starting at page F-1.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of its business. For more information on
major pending legal proceedings, see Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements under “Legal Proceedings.”
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Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our ordinary shares. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently
intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance operations and expand our business. Our board of directors has sole discretion whether to pay dividends. If our
board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus,
general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our directors may deem relevant. The distribution of dividends may also be limited by
Israeli law, which permits the distribution of dividends only out of retained earnings or otherwise upon the permission of an Israeli court.
B. Significant Changes
No significant changes have occurred since December 31, 2021, except as otherwise disclosed in this annual report.
ITEM 9.THE OFFER AND LISTING
A.
Offer and Listing Details
Our ordinary shares commenced trading on NYSE on April 11, 2019. Prior to that date, no public market existed for our ordinary shares.
B.
Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C.
Markets
Our ordinary shares are listed and traded on NYSE under the symbol “TUFN”.
D.
Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E.
Dilution
Not applicable.
F.
Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
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ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A.
Share Capital
Not applicable.
B.
Memorandum and Articles of Association
A copy of our amended and restated articles of association is attached as Exhibit 1.1 to this annual report. The information called for by this Item is set forth in
Exhibit 2.5 to this annual report and is incorporated by reference into this annual report.
C.
Material Contracts
For a description of the registration rights that we granted under our Fourth Amended Investor Rights Agreement, please refer to “Item 7.B. Related Party
Transaction—Registration Rights.”
D.
Exchange Controls
There are currently no Israeli currency control restrictions on remittances of dividends on our ordinary shares, proceeds from the sale of the shares or interest or
other payments to non-residents of Israel, except for shareholders who are subjects of certain countries that are, or have been, in a state of war with Israel at such
time.
E.
Taxation
The following is a brief summary of material Israeli income tax laws and government programs applicable to us. Some parts of this discussion are based on new
Israeli tax legislation, which has not been subject to judicial or administrative interpretation. The discussion is general in nature, should not be construed as
comprehensive legal or professional tax advice and does not cover all possible tax considerations in general and especially tax considerations that may be relevant
to a particular investor in light of his, her or its personal investment circumstances or to some types of investors which are subject to special treatment under Israeli
tax law. You should consult your own tax advisor concerning the tax consequences of your particular situation, as well as any tax consequences that may arise
under the laws of any state, local, foreign or other taxing jurisdiction.
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Certain Israeli Tax Consequences
General Corporate Tax Structure in Israel
Israeli resident companies are generally subject to corporate tax on their taxable income at the rate of 23% for the year ended December 31, 2021 (in 2019 and
2020 the corporate tax rate was also 23%). However, the effective tax rate payable by a company that derives income from an Approved Enterprise, a Beneficiary
Enterprise, a Preferred Enterprise, a Special Preferred Enterprise, a Preferred Technology Enterprise or Special Preferred Technology Enterprise (as defined below)
may be considerably less.
Capital gains derived by an Israeli resident company are subject to tax at the corporate tax rate of 23%, as mentioned above. Under Israeli tax legislation, a
corporation will be considered as an “Israeli resident company” if (i) it was incorporated in Israel or (ii) the control and management of its business are exercised in
Israel.
Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 5729-1969
The Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 5729-1969, generally referred to as the Industry Encouragement Law, provides several tax benefits for
“Industrial Companies.”
The Industry Encouragement Law defines an “Industrial Company” as a company, resident in Israel, that was incorporated in Israel, which 90% or more of its
income in any tax year, other than income from defense loans, is derived from an “Industrial Enterprise” owned by it and that is located in Israel or in the “Area”,
in accordance with the definition under section 3A of the Israeli Tax Ordinance. An “Industrial Enterprise” is defined as an enterprise whose principal activity in a
given tax year is industrial production.
The following corporate tax benefits, among others, are available to Industrial Companies:
•
amortization over an eight-year period of the cost of purchased know-how and patents and rights to use a patent and know-how which are used for the
development or advancement of the Industrial Enterprise, commencing on the year in which such rights were first utilized;
•
under limited conditions, an election to file consolidated tax returns with related Israeli Industrial Companies; and
•
expenses related to a public offering are deductible in equal amounts over three years commencing on the year of the offering.
Eligibility for benefits under the Industry Encouragement Law is not subject to receipt of prior approval from any governmental authority.
Although as of the date of this annual report, we do not have industrial production activities, we may qualify as an Industrial Company in the future and may be
eligible for the benefits described above.
Tax Benefits and Grants for Research and Development
Israeli tax law allows, under certain conditions, a tax deduction for expenditures related to scientific research and development projects, including capital
expenditures, in the year in which they are incurred, if:
•
the expenditures are approved by the relevant Israeli government ministry, determined by the field of research;
•
the research and development must be for the promotion or development of the company; and
•
the research and development is carried out by or on behalf of the company seeking such tax deduction.
The amount of such deductible expenses is reduced by the sum of any funds received through government grants for the financing of such scientific research and
development projects. No deduction under these research and development deduction rules is allowed if such deduction is related to an expense invested in an asset
depreciable under the general depreciation rules of the Israeli Tax Ordinance. Expenditures related to research for the promotion or development of the company
not so approved, are deductible in equal amounts over three years.
From time to time, we may apply to the Innovation Authority for approval to allow a tax deduction for all research and development expenses during the year
incurred. There can be no assurance that such application will be accepted.
Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 5719-1959
The Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 5719-1959, generally referred to as the Investment Law, provides certain incentives for enterprises
including in the cases of capital investments in production facilities (or other eligible assets). Generally, an enterprises that may be either an “Approved
Enterprise”, a “Beneficiary Enterprise”, a “Preferred Enterprise”, a “Special Preferred Enterprise”, a “Preferred Technology Enterprise” or “Special Preferred
Technology Enterprise”, is entitled to benefits as discussed below. These benefits may include cash grants from the Israeli government and tax benefits, based
upon, among other things, the location within Israel of the facility in which the investment and manufacture activity are made. In order to qualify for these
incentives, an Approved Enterprise, a Beneficiary Enterprise or, a Preferred Enterprise, a Special Preferred Enterprise, a Preferred Technology Enterprise or
Special Preferred Technology Enterprise, is required to comply with the requirements of the Investment Law.
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The Investment Law has been amended several times over the recent years, with the three most significant changes effective as of April 1, 2005, referred to as the
2005 Amendment, as of January 1, 2011, referred to as the 2011 Amendment, and as of January 1, 2017, referred to as 2017 Amendment. Pursuant to the 2005
Amendment, tax benefits granted in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Law prior to its revision by the 2005 Amendment remain in force, but any
benefits granted subsequently are subject to the provisions of the amended Investment Law. Similarly, the 2011 Amendment introduced new benefits instead of the
benefits granted in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Law prior to the 2011 Amendment, yet companies entitled to benefits under the Investment
Law as in effect up to January 1, 2011, were entitled to choose to continue to enjoy such benefits, provided that certain conditions are met, or elect instead,
irrevocably, to forego such benefits and elect for the benefits of the 2011 Amendment. The 2017 Amendment introduced new benefits for Technological
Enterprises, alongside the existing tax benefits.
Tax Benefits Prior to the 2005 Amendment
An investment program that is implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Law prior to the 2005 Amendment, referred to as an “Approved
Enterprise”, is entitled to certain benefits. A company that wished to receive benefits as an Approved Enterprise must have received approval from the Investment
Center of the Israeli Ministry of Economy and Industry, referred to as the Investment Center. Each certificate of approval for an Approved Enterprise relates to a
specific investment program in the Approved Enterprise, delineated both by the financial scope of the investment and by the physical characteristics of the facility
or the asset.
In general, an Approved Enterprise was entitled to receive a grant from the Israeli government under the “Grant Track” or an alternative package of tax benefits,
known as the “Alternative Track”. The tax benefits from any certificate of approval relate only to taxable profits attributable to the specific Approved Enterprise
and are contingent upon meeting the criteria set out in the certificate of approval. Income derived from activity that is not integral to the activity of the Approved
Enterprise does not qualify for the tax benefits.
In addition, a company that has an Approved Enterprise program is eligible for further tax benefits if it qualifies as a Foreign Investors’ Company, or a FIC, which
is a company with a level of foreign investment, as defined in the Investment Law, of more than 25%. The level of foreign investment is measured as the
percentage of rights in the company (in terms of shares, rights to profits, voting and appointment of directors), and of combined share and loan capital, that are
owned, directly or indirectly, by persons who are not residents of Israel. The determination as to whether a company qualifies as an FIC is made on an annual basis
according to the lowest level of foreign investment during the year.
We are currently not entitled to tax benefits for Approved Enterprise.
Tax Benefits Subsequent to the 2005 Amendment
The 2005 Amendment applies to new investment programs commencing after 2004, but does not apply to investment programs approved prior to April 1, 2005.
The 2005 Amendment provides that terms and benefits included in any certificate of approval that was granted before the 2005 Amendment became effective on
April 1, 2005 will remain subject to the provisions of the Investment Law as in effect on the date of such approval. Pursuant to the 2005 Amendment, the
Investment Center will continue to grant Approved Enterprise status to qualifying investments. The 2005 Amendment, however, limits the scope of enterprises that
may be approved by the Investment Center by setting criteria for the approval of a facility as an Approved Enterprise, such as provisions generally requiring that at
least 25% of the Approved Enterprise’s income be derived from exports.
An enterprise that qualifies under these provisions is referred to as a “Beneficiary Enterprise”, rather than “Approved Enterprise”. The 2005 Amendment provides
that the Investment Center’s approval is required only for Approved Enterprise that receive cash grants. As a result, it was no longer required to obtain Approved
Enterprise status in order to receive the tax benefits previously available under the Alternative Track. Rather, a company may claim the tax benefits offered by the
Investment Law directly in its tax returns, provided that its facilities meet the criteria for tax benefits set forth in the 2005 Amendment. Companies are entitled to
approach the Israeli Tax Authority for a pre-ruling regarding their eligibility for benefits under the Investment Law, as amended.
In order to receive the tax benefits, the 2005 Amendment states that a company must make an investment which meets all of the conditions, including exceeding a
minimum investment amount specified in the Investment Law. Such investment allows a company to receive “Beneficiary Enterprise” status, and may be made
over a period of no more than three years ending in the year in which the company chose to have the tax benefits apply to its Beneficiary Enterprise (the “Year of
Election”).
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Where a company requests to apply the tax benefits to an expansion of existing facilities, only the expansion will be considered to be a Beneficiary Enterprise and
the company’s effective tax rate will be the weighted average of the applicable rates. In this case, the minimum investment required in order to qualify as a
Beneficiary Enterprise is required to exceed a certain percentage of the value of the company’s production assets before the expansion.
The benefits period is subject to a limitation of 7 to 10 years from the Commencement Year (the Commencement Year being defined as the later of: (i) the first tax
year in which the company derives income for tax purposes from the Beneficiary Enterprise or (ii) the Year of Election) provided that 12 years have not elapsed
from the first day of the Year of Election.
The extent of the tax benefits available under the 2005 Amendment to qualifying income of a Beneficiary Enterprise depend on, among other things, the
geographic location in Israel of the Beneficiary Enterprise. Such tax benefits include an exemption from corporate tax on undistributed income for a period of
between two to 10 years, depending on the geographic location of the Beneficiary Enterprise in Israel, and a reduced corporate tax rate of between 10% to 25% for
the remainder of the benefits period, depending on the level of foreign investment in the company in each year. A company qualifying for tax benefits under the
2005 Amendment which pays a dividend out of income derived by its Beneficiary Enterprise during the tax exemption period, will be subject to corporate tax in
respect of the amount of the dividend distributed (grossed-up to reflect the pre-tax income that it would have had to earn in order to distribute the dividend) at the
otherwise applicable corporate tax rate (while taking into account the entitlement for reduced rates under the Investment Law . Dividends paid to Israeli
shareholders out of income attributed to a Beneficiary Enterprise are generally subject to withholding tax at source at the rate of 15% (in the case of non-Israeli
shareholders - subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the ITA allowing for a reduced tax rate, 15%, or or such lower rate as may be provided in
an applicable tax treaty (subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the Israel Tax Authority allowing for a reduced tax rate). The reduced rate of
15% is limited to dividends and distributions out of income attributed to a Beneficiary Enterprise during the benefits period and which are actually paid at any time
up to 12 years thereafter (except with respect to an FIC, in which case the 12-year limit does not apply).
The benefits available to a Beneficiary Enterprise are subject to the fulfillment of conditions stipulated in the Investment Law and its regulations. If a company
does not meet these conditions, it may be required to refund the amount of tax benefits, as adjusted by the Israeli consumer price index, and interest, or other
monetary penalties.
We applied for tax benefits as a Beneficiary Enterprise with 2009 and 2011 as the Years of Election. We may be entitled to tax benefits under this regime in respect
of the 2011 Year of Election once we are profitable for tax purposes and subject to the fulfillment of all the relevant conditions. If we do not meet these conditions,
the tax benefits may not be applicable which would result in adverse tax consequences to us. Alternatively, and subject to the fulfillment of all the relevant
conditions, we may elect in the future to irrevocably waive the tax benefits available for Beneficiary Enterprise and claim the tax benefits available to Preferred
Enterprise under the 2011 Amendment (as defined below).
Tax Benefits Under the 2011 Amendment
The Investment Law was significantly amended as of January 1, 2011. The 2011 Amendment introduced new benefits to replace those granted in accordance with
the provisions of the Investment Law in effect prior to the 2011 Amendment.
The 2011 Amendment introduced new tax benefits for income generated by a “Preferred Company” through its “Preferred Enterprise,” in accordance with the
definition of such term in the Investment Law, as of January 1, 2011. A Preferred Company is defined as either (i) a company incorporated in Israel which is not
wholly owned by a governmental entity, or (ii) a limited partnership that: (a) was registered under the Israeli Partnerships Ordinance and; (b) all of its limited
partners are companies incorporated in Israel, but not all of them are governmental entities; which has, among other things, Preferred Enterprise status and is
controlled and managed from Israel.
Since 2017 and thereafter, the corporate tax rate for Preferred Enterprise, which is located in development zone A, was decreased to 7.5%, while the reduced
corporate tax rate for other development zones remains 16%. Income derived by a Preferred Company from a “Special Preferred Enterprise”, as such term is
defined in the Investment Law, would be entitled, during a benefits period of 10 years, to further reduced tax rates of 8%, or to 5% if the Special Preferred
Enterprise is located in development zone A. Our operations are currently not located in development zone A.
Dividends paid to Israeli shareholders out of income attributed to a Preferred Enterprise are generally subject to withholding tax at source at the rate of 20% (in the
case of non-Israeli shareholders - subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the ITA allowing for a reduced tax rate, 20%), or such lower rate as
may be provided in an applicable tax treaty. However, if such dividends are paid to an Israeli company, no tax is required to be withheld (although, if such
dividends are subsequently distributed to individuals or a non-Israeli company, the aforesaid will apply).
We are currently not entitled to tax benefits for a Preferred Enterprise or Special Preferred Enterprise.
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New Tax Benefits Under the 2017 Amendment
The 2017 Amendment was enacted as part of the Economic Efficiency Law that was published on December 29, 2016, and was effective as of January 1, 2017.
The 2017 Amendment provides new tax benefits for two types of “Technology Enterprises”, as described below, and is in addition to the other existing tax
beneficial programs under the Investment Law.
The 2017 Amendment provides that a technology company satisfying certain conditions will qualify as a “Preferred Technology Enterprise” and will thereby enjoy
a reduced corporate tax rate of 12% on income that qualifies as “Preferred Technology Income”, as defined in the Investment Law (according to certain formula).
The tax rate is further reduced to 7.5% for a Preferred Technology Enterprise located in development zone A. In addition, a Preferred Technology Enterprise will
enjoy a reduced corporate tax rate of 12% on capital gain derived from the sale of certain “Benefitted Intangible Assets”, as defined in the Investment Law, to a
related foreign company if the Benefitted Intangible Assets were acquired from a foreign company on or after January 1, 2017 for at least NIS 200 million, and the
sale receives prior approval from the National Authority for Technological Innovation (previously known as the Israeli Office of the Chief Scientist), referred to as
the IIA.
The 2017 Amendment further provides that a technology company satisfying certain conditions will qualify as a “Special Preferred Technology Enterprise” and
will thereby enjoy a reduced corporate tax rate of 6% on “Preferred Technology Income” regardless of the company’s geographic location within Israel. In
addition, a Special Preferred Technology Enterprise will enjoy a reduced corporate tax rate of 6% on capital gain derived from the sale of certain “Benefitted
Intangible Assets” to a related foreign company if the Benefitted Intangible Assets were either developed by the Special Preferred Technology Enterprise or
acquired from a foreign company on or after January 1, 2017, and the sale received prior approval from IIA. A Special Preferred Technology Enterprise that
acquires Benefitted Intangible Assets from a foreign company for more than NIS 500 million will be eligible for these benefits for at least ten years, subject to
certain approvals as specified in the Investment Law.
Dividends distributed by a Preferred Technology Enterprise or a Special Preferred Technology Enterprise to Israeli shareholders, paid out of Preferred Technology
Income, are generally subject to withholding tax at source at the rate of 20% (in the case of non-Israeli shareholders - subject to the receipt in advance of a valid
certificate from the ITA allowing for a reduced tax rate, 20%), or such lower rate as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty. However, if such dividends are
paid to an Israeli company, no tax is required to be withheld (although, if such dividends are subsequently distributed to individuals or a non-Israeli company, the
aforesaid will apply). If such dividends are distributed to a foreign company holding, alone or together with other foreign companies, at least 90% of the shares of
the distributing company and other conditions are met, the withholding tax rate will be 4%.
We are currently not qualified as a Preferred Technology Enterprise or Special Preferred Technology Enterprise.
Certain Israeli and United States Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following description is not intended to constitute a complete analysis of all tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our
ordinary shares. This section contains a discussion of material U.S. and Israeli tax consequences concerning the ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares
purchased by investors. This summary does not discuss all the aspects of U.S. and Israeli tax law that may be relevant to a particular investor in light of his or her
personal investment circumstances or to some types of investors subject to special treatment under U.S. or Israeli law. Examples of this kind of investor include
traders in securities or persons that own, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of our outstanding voting capital, all of whom are subject to special tax regimes not
covered in this discussion.
SHAREHOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE ISRAELI OR OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE
PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES, INCLUDING, IN PARTICULAR, THE EFFECT OF ANY FOREIGN,
STATE OR LOCAL TAXES.
Taxation of Our Shareholders
Capital Gains
Capital gain tax is imposed on the disposition of assets by an Israeli resident, and on the disposition of such assets by a non-Israeli resident if those assets are, inter
alia, (i) located in Israel, (ii) are shares or a right to a share in an Israeli resident corporation or (iii) represent, directly or indirectly, rights to assets located in Israel,
unless a tax treaty between Israel and the seller’s country of residence provides otherwise. The Israeli Tax Ordinance distinguishes between “Real Gain” and the
“Inflationary Surplus.”
Real Gain is the excess of the total capital gain over Inflationary Surplus computed generally on the basis of the increase in the Israeli consumer price index, or, in
certain circumstances, a foreign currency exchange rate, between the date of purchase and the date of disposition. Inflationary Surplus generated starting from
December 31, 1993, is not subject to tax in Israel.
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Real Capital Gain accrued by individuals on the sale of our ordinary shares will be taxed at the rate of 25%. However, if the individual shareholder is a Significant
Shareholder (i.e., a person who holds, directly or indirectly, alone or together with another, 10% or more of one of the Israeli resident company’s “means of
control” (including, among other things, the right to receive profits of the company, voting rights, the right to receive the company’s liquidation proceeds and the
right to appoint a director) at the time of the sale or at any time during the preceding 12-month period), such gain will be taxed at a rate of 30%. Furthermore,
where an individual claimed real interest expenses and linkage differences on securities, the capital gain on the sale of the securities will be liable to a rate of 30%.
Real Capital Gain derived by corporations will be generally subject to the regular corporate tax rate (23% since 2018 and thereafter).
Individual shareholders whose income from the sale of securities is considered as business income are taxed at the marginal tax rates applicable to business income
(up to 47% in 2021, not including the Excess Tax).
Either the purchaser, the Israeli stockbrokers or the Israeli financial institution through which the shares are held, is obliged to withhold tax in the amount of
consideration paid upon the sale of securities (or the Real Capital Gain realized on the sale, if known) at the Israeli corporate tax rate (23% since 2018 and
thereafter) or 25% in case the seller is an individual. The shareholder may provide an approval from the Israel Tax Authority for a reduced tax withholding rate.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, capital gain derived from the sale of our ordinary shares by a non-Israeli shareholder may be exempt under the Israeli Tax
Ordinance from Israeli capital gain tax provided, among other things, that (1) The shareholders do not have a permanent establishment in Israel to which the
derived capital gain is attributed; (2) At the time of the sale, the shares are not listed on the Israeli stock exchange; (3) The shares were not acquired from a relative
or as a part of an exempt reorganization; (4) The main value of the disposed company’s assets does not consist of rights in real estate or real estate association at
the purchase date and during the two years preceding the time of the sale. Also, the value is not originated from the exploitation of natural resources in Israel
(detailed rules apply). However, non-Israeli corporations will not be entitled to the foregoing exemption if more than 25% of its means of control are held, directly
and indirectly, by Israeli residents, or Israeli residents are entitled to 25% or more of the revenues or profits of the corporation, directly or indirectly. In addition,
such exemption would not be available to a person whose gains from selling or otherwise disposing of the securities are deemed to be business income.
In addition, the sale of shares may be exempt from Israeli capital gain tax under the provisions of an applicable tax treaty. For example, the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty
exempts U.S. residents from Israeli capital gain tax in connection with such sale, provided that (i) the U.S. resident owned, directly or indirectly, less than 10% of
an Israeli resident company’s voting power at any time within the 12-month period preceding such sale; (ii) the seller, being an individual, is present in Israel for a
period or periods of less than 183 days during the taxable year; (iii) the capital gain arising from the sale was not derived through a permanent establishment of the
U.S. resident in Israel; (iv) the capital gain arising from the sale is not attributed to real estate located in Israel; and (v) the capital gains arising from the sale is not
attributed to royalties.
In some instances where our shareholders may be liable for Israeli tax on the sale of their ordinary shares, the payment of the consideration may be subject to the
withholding of Israeli tax at source at a rate of 25% if the seller is an individual, and at the corporate tax rate (23% since 2018 and thereafter) if the seller is a
corporation. Shareholders may be required to demonstrate that they are exempt from tax on their capital gains in order to avoid withholding tax at the time of sale.
Upon the sale of securities traded on a stock exchange a detailed return, including a computation of the tax due, must be filed and an advanced payment must be
paid on January 31 and July 31 of every tax year in respect of sales of securities made within the previous six months. However, if all tax due was withheld at
source according to applicable provisions of the Israeli Tax Ordinance and regulations promulgated thereunder, the aforementioned return need not be filed and no
advance payment must be paid. Capital gain is also reportable on the annual income tax return.
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Dividends
We have never paid cash dividends . A distribution of a dividend by our company to an Israeli shareholder from income attributed to an Approved Enterprise or
Beneficiary Enterprise will generally be subject to withholding tax in Israel at a rate of 15% (in the case of non-Israeli shareholders - subject to the receipt in
advance of a valid certificate from the ITA allowing for a reduced tax rate, 15%, or such lower rate as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty). A distribution
of a dividend by our company to an Israeli shareholder from income attributed to a Preferred Enterprise or a Preffered Technological Prefered Enterprise will
generally be subject to withholding tax in Israel at the following tax rates: Israeli resident individuals – 20%; Israeli resident companies – 0%; Non-Israeli residents
– 20% subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the ITA allowing for a reduced tax rate,or such a reduced rate under the provisions of any
applicable double tax treaty. The withholding tax rates for income attributed to an Approved Enterprise, Beneficiary Enterprise,Preferred Enterprise, or
Technological Prefered Enterprise as described above, will apply if the dividend is distributed during the tax benefits period under the Investment Law, or within
12 years after such period, except with respect to an FIC, in which case the 12-year limit does not apply. An average rate will be set in case the dividend is
distributed from mixed types of income (regular and Approved, Beneficiary, or Preferred income).
A distribution of dividends from income, which is not attributed to an Approved Enterprise, Beneficiary Enterprise or Preferred Enterprise or Technological
Prefered Enterprose to an Israeli resident individual, will generally be subject to tax at a rate of 25%, or 30% if the dividend recipient is a Significant Shareholder
at the time of distribution or at any time during the preceding 12-month period. If the recipient of the dividend is an Israeli resident corporation, such dividend will
not be subject to Israeli tax provided the income from which such dividend is distributed was derived or accrued within Israel.
The Israeli Tax Ordinance provides that a non-Israeli resident (either individual or corporation) is generally subject to Israeli withholding tax on the receipt of
dividends at the rate of 25% (or 30% if the dividends recipient is a Significant Shareholder at the time of distribution or at any time during the preceding 12-month
period, unless the shares are held through a registration company in which case the withholding rate is 25%); such rates may be reduced under the provisions of an
applicable double tax treaty. Under the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty, the following withholding rates will apply in respect of dividends distributed by an Israeli resident
company to a U.S. resident: (i) if the U.S. resident is a corporation which holds during that portion of the taxable year which precedes the date of payment of the
dividend and during the whole of its prior taxable year (if any), at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the voting share capital of the Israeli resident paying
corporation and not more than 25% of the gross income of the Israeli resident paying corporation for such prior taxable year (if any) consists of certain type of
interest or dividends, the rate is 12.5%; (ii) if both the conditions mentioned in clause (i) above are met and the dividend is paid from an Israeli resident company’s
income which was entitled to a reduced tax rate applicable to an Approved Enterprise or Beneficiary Enterprise, the rate is 15% and (iii) in all other cases, the rate
is 25%. The aforementioned rates under the U.S.-Israel Double Tax Treaty will not apply if the dividend income was derived through a permanent establishment of
the U.S. resident in Israel.
A non-Israeli resident who receives dividends from which the full tax was withheld is generally exempt from the obligation to file tax returns in Israel with respect
to such income, provided that (i) such income was not generated from a business conducted in Israel by the taxpayer; (ii) the taxpayer has no other taxable sources
of income in Israel with respect to which a tax return is required to be filed; and (iii) the taxpayer is not obligated to pay excess tax (as further explained below).
Dividends are generally subject to Israeli withholding tax at a rate of 25% so long as the shares listed on a stock exchange and are held with a nominee company
(whether or not the recipient is a Significant Shareholder), unless relief is provided in a treaty between Israel and the shareholder’s country of residence and
provided that a certificate from the Israel Tax Authority allowing for a reduced withholding tax rate is obtained in advance.
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Excess Tax
Individuals who are subject to tax in Israel are also subject to an additional tax at a rate of 3% on annual income exceeding NIS 647,640 (for 2021), linked to the
annual change in the Israeli consumer price index, including, but not limited to, income derived from dividends, interest and capital gains.
Foreign Exchange Regulations
Non-residents of Israel who hold our ordinary shares are able to receive any dividends, and any amounts payable upon the dissolution, liquidation and winding up
of our affairs, repayable in non-Israeli currency at the rate of exchange prevailing at the time of conversion. However, Israeli income tax is generally required to
have been paid or withheld on these amounts. In addition, the statutory framework for the potential imposition of currency exchange control has not been
eliminated, and may be restored at any time by administrative action.
Estate and Gift Tax
Israeli law presently does not impose estate or gift taxes.
Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following is a description of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares. This
description addresses only the U.S. federal income tax consequences to holders of our ordinary shares that will hold such ordinary shares as capital assets. This
description does not address tax considerations applicable to holders that may be subject to special tax rules, including, without limitation:
•
banks, financial institutions or insurance companies;
•
real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies or grantor trusts;
•
brokers, dealers or traders in securities, commodities or currencies;
•
tax-exempt entities or organizations, including an “individual retirement account” or “Roth IRA” as defined in Section 408 or 408A of the Code,
respectively;
•
certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;
•
persons that receive our shares as compensation for the performance of services;
•
persons that hold our shares as part of a “hedging,” “integrated” or “conversion” transaction or as a position in a “straddle” for U.S. federal income tax
purposes;
•
partnerships (including entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes) or other pass-through entities, or indirect holders that hold
our shares through such an entity;
•
S corporations;
•
holders that acquire ordinary shares as a result of holding or owning our preferred shares;
•
holders whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar; or
•
holders that own directly, indirectly or constructively 10% or more of the voting power or value of our shares.
Moreover, this description does not address the U.S. federal estate, gift or alternative minimum tax consequences, or any state, local or foreign tax consequences,
of the ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares.
This description is based on the Code, existing, proposed and temporary U.S. Treasury Regulations and judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, in each
case as in effect and available on the date hereof. All of the foregoing is subject to change, which change could apply retroactively and could affect the tax
consequences described below. There can be no assurances that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), will not take a different position concerning the tax
consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares or that such a position would not be sustained. Holders should consult their own
tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of our ordinary shares in their particular
circumstances.
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For purposes of this description, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:
•
a citizen or resident of the United States;
•
a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States
or any state thereof, including the District of Columbia;
•
an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
•
a trust if such trust has validly elected to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes or if (1) a court within the United States is able
to exercise primary supervision over its administration and (2) one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of the substantial decisions of
such trust.
A “Non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares that is neither a U.S. Holder nor a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S.
federal income tax purposes).
If a partnership (or any other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our ordinary shares, the tax treatment of a partner in such
partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Such a partner or partnership should consult its tax advisor as to
the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of our ordinary shares in its particular circumstance.
You should consult your tax advisor with respect to the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of our
ordinary shares.
Distributions
Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations,” if you are a U.S. Holder, the gross amount of any distribution made
to you with respect to our ordinary shares before reduction for any Israeli taxes withheld therefrom, other than certain distributions, if any, of our ordinary shares
distributed pro rata to all our shareholders, generally will be includible in your income as dividend income to the extent such distribution is paid out of our current
or accumulated earnings and profits as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds our current
and accumulated earnings and profits as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, it will be treated first as a return of your adjusted tax basis in our
ordinary shares and thereafter as either long-term or short-term capital gain depending upon whether the U.S. Holder has held our ordinary shares for more than
one year as of the time such distribution is received. However, because we do not expect to maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal
income tax principles, U.S. Holders should expect that the entire amount of any distribution generally will be reportable as dividend income. Subject to the
discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations,” non-corporate U.S. Holders may qualify for the preferential rates of taxation with
respect to dividends on ordinary shares applicable to long-term capital gains (i.e., gains from the sale of capital assets held for more than one year), provided that
certain conditions are met, including the absence of certain risk reduction transactions. In addition, some corporate U.S. Holders may be entitled to a dividends
received deduction. However, such preferential rate of taxation shall not apply if we are a PFIC for the taxable year in which we pay a dividend, or if we were a
PFIC for the preceding taxable year. Likewise, such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction generally allowed to corporate U.S.
Holders.
Subject to certain conditions and limitations, Israeli tax withheld on dividends may be deducted from your taxable income or credited against your U.S. federal
income tax liability. If you are a U.S. Holder, dividends paid to you with respect to our ordinary shares will generally be treated as foreign source income, which
may be relevant in calculating your foreign tax credit limitation. However, for periods in which we are a “U.S.-owned foreign corporation,” a portion of dividends
paid by us may be treated as U.S. source solely for purposes of the foreign tax credit. We would be treated as a U.S.-owned foreign corporation if 50% or more of
the total value or total voting power of our shares are owned, directly, indirectly or constructively by U.S. persons. To the extent any portion of our dividends is
treated as U.S. source income pursuant to this rule, the ability of a U.S. Holder to claim a foreign tax credit for any Israeli withholding taxes payable in respect of
our dividends may be limited. A U.S. Holder entitled to benefits under the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty may, however, elect to treat any dividends as foreign source
income for foreign tax credit purposes if the dividend income is separated from other income items for purposes of calculating the U.S. Holder’s foreign tax credit.
U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors about the impact of, and any exception available to, the special sourcing rule described in this paragraph, and
the desirability of making, and the method of making, such an election.
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The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, dividends that we distribute
generally should constitute “passive category income,” or, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, “general category income.” A foreign tax credit for foreign taxes
imposed on distributions may be denied if you do not satisfy certain minimum holding period requirements. The rules relating to the determination of the foreign
tax credit are complex, and you should consult your tax advisor to determine whether and to what extent you will be entitled to this credit.
Subject to the discussion below under “Backup Withholding Tax and Information Reporting Requirements,” if you are a Non-U.S. Holder, you generally will not
be subject to U.S. federal income (or withholding) tax on dividends received by you on our ordinary shares, unless you conduct a trade or business in the United
States and such income is effectively connected with that trade or business (or, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the dividends are attributable to a
permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the United States).
Sale, Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Ordinary Shares
Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations,” if you are a U.S. Holder, you generally will recognize gain or loss
on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our ordinary shares equal to the difference between the amount realized on such sale, exchange or other
taxable disposition and your adjusted tax basis in our ordinary shares, and such gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. If Israeli tax is imposed on the sale,
exchange or other disposition of our ordinary shares, a U.S. Holder’s amount realized will include the gross amount of the proceeds before deduction of the Israeli
tax. The adjusted tax basis in an ordinary share generally will be equal to the cost of such ordinary share. If you are a non-corporate U.S. Holder, capital gain from
the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of ordinary shares is generally eligible for a preferential rate of taxation applicable to capital gains, provided that
your holding period for such ordinary shares exceeds one year (i.e., such gain is long-term capital gain). The deductibility of capital losses for U.S. federal income
tax purposes is subject to limitations under the Code.
Any gain or loss that a U.S. Holder recognizes from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our ordinary shares generally will be treated as U.S. source
income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Accordingly, because you may use foreign tax credits to offset only the portion of U.S. federal income tax
liability that is attributed to foreign source income, you may be unable to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to the Israeli tax, if any, on gains from the sale,
exchange or other taxable disposition of our ordinary shares. You should consult your tax advisor as to whether the Israeli tax on gains may be creditable against
your U.S. federal income tax on foreign-source income from other sources.
Subject to the discussion below under “Backup Withholding Tax and Information Reporting Requirements,” if you are not a U.S. Holder, you generally will not be
subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on any gain realized on the sale or exchange of our shares, unless:
•
such gain is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States;
•
or you are an individual and have been present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of such sale or exchange and certain other
conditions are met.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations
A non-U.S. corporation will generally be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes in any taxable year in
which, after applying certain look-through rules with respect to the income and assets of subsidiaries, either:
•
at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income”; or
•
at least 50% of the average quarterly value of its total gross assets (which generally may be measured in part by the market value of its ordinary shares,
which is subject to change) is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income.
Passive income for this purpose generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, royalties, rents and gains from commodities transactions and from the
sale or exchange of property that gives rise to passive income. Assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income may include cash, even if held
as working capital or raised in a public offering, marketable securities and other assets that may produce passive income. In determining whether a non-U.S.
corporation is a PFIC, a proportionate share of the income and assets of each corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, at least a 25% interest (by value)
is taken into account.
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Our status as a PFIC will depend on the nature and composition of our income and the nature, composition and value of our assets from time to time. The 50%
passive asset test described above is generally based on the fair market value of each asset, with the value of goodwill and going concern value determined in large
part by reference to the market value of our ordinary shares, which may be volatile. If we are a CFC and not publicly traded for the relevant taxable year, however,
the test shall be applied based on the adjusted tax bases of our assets.
The new Regulations modify certain of the rules described above. Such modifications include, for example, permitting asset value to be determined more
frequently than on a quarterly basis and treating a non-U.S. corporation as publicly traded for a taxable year if the stock of such corporation is publicly traded,
other than in de minimis quantities, for at least twenty trading days during such taxable year.
The Regulations generally apply to taxable years of shareholders beginning on or after January 14, 2021. A shareholder, however, may choose to apply such rules
for any open taxable year beginning before January 14, 2021, provided that, with respect to a non-U.S. corporation being tested for PFIC status, the shareholder
consistently applies certain of the provisions of the New Regulations and certain other Treasury Regulations for such year and all subsequent years. U.S. Holders
should consult their own tax advisors regarding the impact and applicability of the New Regulations.
Based on our determination that our shares are properly treated as being publicly traded for the taxable year ended December 31, 2021 and our estimates of the fair
market values of our assets, we believe that we should not be classified as a PFIC in the taxable year ended December 31, 2021. This determination is, however,
subject to uncertainty. In particular, the determination of whether we are, or will be, a PFIC for a taxable year depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S.
federal income tax rules, which are subject to differing interpretations. It is possible that the IRS will disagree with the interpretation on which our belief about our
PFIC status is based, and no ruling from the IRS concerning our PFIC status has been obtained or is currently planned to be requested. Moreover, because PFIC
status is based on our income, assets, and activities for the entire taxable year, it is not possible to determine whether we will be characterized as a PFIC for any
subsequent year until after the close of the relevant year. Accordingly, no assurances can be made regarding our PFIC status in one or more subsequent years. Our
U.S. counsel expresses no opinion with respect to our PFIC status in the taxable year ended December 31, 2021 or for any other taxable year, and also expresses no
opinion with respect to our predictions or past determinations regarding our PFIC status in the past or in the future. We will continue to determine whether we were
a PFIC or not for each taxable year and make such determination available to U.S. Holders.
If we are a PFIC in any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owns ordinary shares, such U.S. Holder could be liable for additional taxes and interest charges
upon (i) a distribution paid during a taxable year that is greater than 125% of the average annual distributions paid in the three preceding taxable years, or, if
shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ordinary shares, and (ii) any gain recognized on a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition, including a pledge,
of the ordinary shares, whether or not we continue to be a PFIC. In these circumstances, the tax will be determined by allocating such distribution or gain ratably
over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ordinary shares. The amount allocated to the current taxable year (i.e., the year in which the distribution occurs or the
gain is recognized) and any year prior to the first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income earned in the current taxable year. The
amount allocated to other taxable years will be taxed at the highest marginal rates in effect for individuals or corporations, as applicable, to ordinary income for
each such taxable year, and an interest charge, generally applicable to underpayments of tax, will be added to the tax. If we are a PFIC for any year during which a
U.S. Holder holds the ordinary shares, we must generally continue to be treated as a PFIC by that holder for all succeeding years during which the U.S. Holder
holds the ordinary shares, unless we cease to meet the requirements for PFIC status and the U.S. Holder makes a “deemed sale” election with respect to the
ordinary shares. If such election is made, the U.S. Holder will be deemed to have sold the ordinary shares it holds at their fair market value on the last day of the
last taxable year in which we qualified as a PFIC, and any gain from such deemed sale would be subject to the consequences described above. After the deemed
sale election, the U.S. Holder’s ordinary shares with respect to which the deemed sale election was made will not be treated as shares in a PFIC, unless we
subsequently again become a PFIC.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds the ordinary shares and one of our non-U.S. subsidiaries is also a PFIC (i.e., a lower-tier
PFIC), such U.S. Holder would be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC and would be subject to the rules
described above on certain distributions by the lower-tier PFIC and a disposition of shares of the lower-tier PFIC, even though such U.S. Holder would not receive
the proceeds of those distributions or dispositions. Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult its tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to any of our
subsidiaries.
The tax consequences that would apply if we were a PFIC in any taxable year would be different from those described above if a timely and valid “mark-to-
market” election is made by a U.S. Holder for the ordinary shares held by such U.S. Holder. An electing U.S. Holder generally would take into account as ordinary
income each year, the excess of the fair market value of the ordinary shares held at the end of the taxable year over the adjusted tax basis of such ordinary shares.
The U.S. Holder would also take into account, as an ordinary loss each year, the excess of the adjusted tax basis of such ordinary shares over their fair market value
at the end of the taxable year, but only to the extent of the excess of amounts previously included in income over ordinary losses deducted in prior years as a result
of the mark-to-market election. The U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the ordinary shares would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss recognized as a result of the
mark-to-market election. Any gain from a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of the ordinary shares in any taxable year in which we are a PFIC would be
treated as ordinary income and any loss from such sale, exchange or other taxable disposition would be treated first as ordinary loss (to the extent of any net mark-
to-market gains previously included in income) and thereafter as capital loss. If, after having been a PFIC for a prior taxable year, we cease to be classified as a
PFIC, the U.S. Holder would not be required to take into account any latent gain or loss in the manner described above and any gain or loss recognized on the sale
or exchange of the ordinary shares would be classified as a capital gain or loss.
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A mark-to-market election is available to a U.S. Holder only for “marketable stock.” Generally, ordinary shares will be considered marketable stock if it is
“regularly traded” on a “qualified exchange” within the meaning of applicable Treasury Regulations. A class of stock is regularly traded during any calendar year
during which such class of stock is traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. The ordinary shares will be
marketable stock as long as they remain listed on a qualified exchange, such as NYSE or Nasdaq, and are regularly traded. A mark-to-market election will not
apply to the ordinary shares for any taxable year during which we are not a PFIC, but will remain in effect with respect to any subsequent taxable year in which we
become a PFIC. Such election will not apply to any subsidiary that we own. Accordingly, a U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to the PFIC rules with respect
to any lower-tier PFICs notwithstanding the U.S. Holder’s mark-to-market election for the ordinary shares.
The tax consequences that would apply if we were a PFIC in any taxable year would also be different from those described above if a U.S. Holder were able to
make a valid “qualified electing fund,” or QEF, election.
If we are a PFIC in any taxable year, a U.S. Holder that makes a timely and valid QEF election for the first taxable year in which the holding period of its shares
begins generally will not be subject to the default PFIC rules discussed above with respect to its shares. Rather, a U.S. Holder that makes a timely and valid QEF
election will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such U.S. Holder’s pro rata share of our ordinary earnings and net capital gain, if any. A U.S. Holder that
makes a QEF election will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such amounts for each taxable year in which the company is a PFIC, regardless of whether such
amounts are actually distributed to such U.S. Holder by the company. However, for any taxable year in which the company is a PFIC and has no net income or
gain, U.S. Holders that have made a QEF election would not have any income inclusions as a result of the QEF election. If a U.S. Holder that made a QEF election
has an income inclusion, such a U.S. Holder may, subject to certain limitations, elect to defer payment of current U.S. federal income tax on such amounts, subject
to an interest charge. If such U.S. Holder is not a corporation, any such interest paid will be treated as “personal interest,” which is not deductible.
A U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective QEF election with respect to the company generally (i) may receive a tax-free distribution from the company to
the extent that such distribution represents “earnings and profits” of the company that were previously included in income by the U.S. Holder because of such QEF
election and (ii) will adjust such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the shares to reflect the amount included in income or allowed as a tax-free distribution because of such
QEF election. In addition, a U.S. Holder that makes a QEF election generally will recognize capital gain or loss on the sale or other taxable disposition of shares. A
QEF election will be treated as “timely” if such QEF election is made for the first year in the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares in which the company was
a PFIC. A U.S. Holder may generally make a timely QEF election by filing a completed IRS Form 8621, including a PFIC Annual Information Statement, with its
U.S. federal income tax return for such year. A retroactive QEF election generally may be made only by filing a protective statement with such return and if certain
other requirements are met or with the consent of the IRS. If a U.S. Holder owns PFIC stock indirectly through another PFIC, separate QEF elections must be
made for the PFIC in which the U.S. Holder is a direct shareholder and the subsidiary PFIC for the QEF rules to apply to both PFICs.
A QEF election will apply to the taxable year for which such QEF election is timely made and to all subsequent taxable years, unless such QEF election is
invalidated or terminated or the IRS consents to revocation of such QEF election. If a U.S. Holder makes a QEF election in any taxable year in which the company
is classified as a PFIC and, in a subsequent taxable year, the company ceases to be a PFIC, the QEF election will remain in effect (although it will not be
applicable) during those taxable years in which the company is not a PFIC. Accordingly, if the company becomes a PFIC in another subsequent taxable year, the
QEF election will be effective and the U.S. Holder will be subject to the QEF rules described above during any subsequent taxable year in which the company
qualifies as a PFIC.
We will use commercially reasonable efforts to make available to U.S. Holders such information with respect to the company as is necessary for U.S. Holders to
make QEF elections with respect to the company for any taxable year in which we determine that we are classified as a PFIC. We may elect to provide such
information on our website.
Each U.S. Holder who is a shareholder of a PFIC must file an annual information report on IRS Form 8621 containing such information as the U.S. Treasury
Department may require. The failure to file IRS Form 8621 could result in the imposition of penalties and the extension of the statute of limitations with respect to
U.S. federal income tax.
The U.S. federal income tax rules relating to PFICs are very complex. U.S. investors are strongly urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the impact
of these rules.
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Medicare Tax
Certain U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates or trusts are subject to a 3.8% tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which may include all or a
portion of their dividend income and net gains from the disposition of ordinary shares. Each U.S. Holder that is an individual, estate or trust is urged to consult its
tax advisors regarding the applicability of the Medicare tax to its income and gains in respect of its investment in our ordinary shares.
Backup Withholding Tax and Information Reporting Requirements
U.S. backup withholding tax and information reporting requirements may apply to certain payments to certain holders of stock. Information reporting generally
will apply to payments of dividends on, and to proceeds from the sale or redemption of, our ordinary shares made within the United States, or by a U.S. payor or
U.S. middleman, to a holder of our ordinary shares, other than an exempt recipient (including a payee that is not a U.S. person that provides an appropriate
certification and certain other persons). A payor will be required to withhold backup withholding tax from any payments of dividends on, or the proceeds from the
sale or redemption of, ordinary shares within the United States, or by a U.S. payor or U.S. middleman, to a holder, other than an exempt recipient, if such holder
fails to furnish its correct taxpayer identification number or otherwise fails to comply with, or establish an exemption from, such backup withholding tax
requirements. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a credit against the beneficial owner’s U.S. federal income tax liability,
if any, and any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the
IRS.
Foreign Asset Reporting
Certain U.S. Holders who are individuals are required to report information relating to an interest in our ordinary shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an
exception for shares held in accounts maintained by U.S. financial institutions) by filing IRS Form 8938 (Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets) with
their federal income tax return. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding their information reporting obligations, if any, with respect to their
ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares.
The above description is not intended to constitute a complete analysis of all tax consequences relating to acquisition, ownership and disposition of our
ordinary shares. You should consult your tax advisor concerning the tax consequences of your particular situation.
F.
Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
G.
Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
H.
Documents on Display
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act that are applicable to foreign private issuers, and under those requirements file reports with
the SEC. Those other reports or other information may be inspected without charge at the locations described above. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt
from the rules under the Exchange Act related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will be
exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the
Exchange Act to file annual, quarterly and current reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as United States companies whose
securities are registered under the Exchange Act. However, we will file with the SEC, within 120 days after the end of each subsequent fiscal year, or such
applicable time as required by the SEC, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent registered public accounting
firm, and submit and intend to continue to submit to the SEC reports on Form 6-K containing unaudited quarterly financial information after the end of each fiscal
quarter.
The SEC maintains an internet website that contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC
are also available to the public through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
I.
Subsidiary Information
Not applicable.
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ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our consolidated balance sheets,
statements of operations or cash flows due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of foreign
currency exchange and interest rates, which are discussed in detail below.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We generate substantially all of our revenues in U.S. dollars. The majority of our operating expenses is incurred in foreign currencies and are subject to
fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the NIS, the Euro and, to a lesser extent, the British Pound.
Our statements of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. For example, in the year ended
December 31, 2021, a 10% decrease or increase in the relative value of the NIS against the U.S. dollar would have result in a $4.4 million loss or gain,
respectively, on our consolidated statements of operations. In addition, in the year ended December 31, 2021, a 10% decrease or increase in the relative value of
the Euro against the U.S. dollar would have result in a $0.9 million loss or gain, respectively, on our consolidated statements of operations.
In order to limit the foreign currency exchange risk, we have entered into forward contracts with major banks to protect against foreign currency exchange risks
resulting from expenses paid in NIS and Euro during the year. See Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements under “Hedging Activities” for more
information.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
We are exposed to market risks resulting from changes in interest rates relating primarily to our cash, cash equivalents, bank deposits and marketable securities.
The primary objective of our investment policy is to preserve principal and maintain adequate liquidity while maximizing the interest income we receive from our
investments, without significantly increasing the risk of loss. Our investment policy sets limits for minimum credit rating and maximum concentration per issuer,
as well as maximum time to maturity. Our investments consist primarily of government and corporate debentures. We do not use derivative financial instruments
to limit exposure to interest rate risk. Currently, we do not have any outstanding borrowings.
As of December 31, 2021, we have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in market interest rates. However, our
future interest income might not meet our expectations due to changes in market interest rates.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
A.
Debt Securities
Not applicable.
B.
Warrants and Rights
Not applicable.
C.
Other Securities
Not applicable.
D.
American Depositary Shares
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Initial Public Offering
The effective date of the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-196991) for our IPO of ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.01, was April 11, 2019. Our
IPO commenced on March 6, 2019 and was closed on April 15, 2019. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Barclays Capital Inc. and Jefferies LLC were joint book-
running managers for the IPO and representatives of the underwriters. Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., Piper Jaffray & Co., Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated
and William Blair & Company, L.L.C. were co-managers for the IPO. We registered 7,700,000 ordinary shares in the IPO and granted the underwriters a 30-day
over-allotment option to purchase up to 1,155,000 additional shares from us to cover over-allotments. The over-allotment was exercised in whole by the
underwriters and these shares were closed on April 15, 2019.
As a result, we issued and sold a total of 8,855,000 ordinary shares at a price per share of $14.00 with aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $124.0 million
(including the over-allotment option). Under the terms of the IPO, we incurred aggregate underwriting discounts of approximately $8.7 million (including the over-
allotment option) and expenses of approximately $2.8 million in connection with the IPO, resulting in net proceeds to us of approximately $112.5 million. None of
the expenses was paid directly or indirectly to any director or officer of ours or to their associates, persons owning 10% or more of any class of our equity
securities, or to any of our affiliates.
From the effective date of the registration statement and until December 31, 2021, we had used approximately $23 million of the net proceeds of the IPO for
working capital and general corporate purposes, including sales and marketing expenditures aimed at growing our business and research and development
expenditures focused on product development. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to hire additional personnel for our sales and marketing and research
and development teams. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to make acquisitions or investments in complementary companies or technologies.
None of the net proceeds of the IPO was paid directly or indirectly to any director or officer of ours or to their associates, persons owning 10% or more of any class
of our equity securities, or to any of our affiliates.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
A.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We have evaluated, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as
that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2021. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any
system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures.
Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our
evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2021 to
provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,
summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management,
including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
98
B.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management, under the supervision of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal
control over financial reporting (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a
process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and includes those policies and procedures that
(1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of our company; (2)
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and
that receipts and expenditures of our company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of the unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our company’s assets that could have a material effect on
the consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with
the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
As required by Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related rules as promulgated by the SEC, our management, including our chief executive
officer and chief financial officer, assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021 based on the framework in
Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation,
management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.
C.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm due to the Company’s status as an emerging growth company, as
defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
D.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2021 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely
to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16. [RESERVED]
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Our board of directors has determined that Dafna Gruber and Peter Campbell are audit committee financial experts as defined by the SEC rules, have the requisite
financial experience as defined by NYSE corporate governance rules and are “independent” as such term is defined in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act.
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
We have adopted a code of conduct and ethics applicable to our executive officers, directors and all other employees. A copy of the code is delivered to every
employee of Tufin Software Technologies Ltd. and all of its subsidiaries, and is available to investors and others on our website at http://investors.tufin.com or by
contacting our investor relations department. Pursuant to Item 16B of Form 20-F, if a waiver or amendment of the code of conduct (including the code of ethics)
applies to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer or other persons performing similar functions and relates to standards promoting any of the values
described in Item 16B(b) of Form 20-F, we will disclose such waiver or amendment on our website within five business days following the date of amendment or
waiver in accordance with the requirements of Instruction 4 to such Item 16B. We granted no waivers under our code in 2021.
99
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
We have recorded the following fees for professional services rendered by Kesselman & Kesselman, a member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International
Limited, an independent registered public accounting firm, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021:
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Audit Fees
$
288 $
277
Audit-Related Fees
—
—
Tax Fees
107
42
All Other Fees
—
—
Total
$
395 $
319
“Audit fees” include fees for professional services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm for the audit of our annual financial statements or
services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements, including consents and assistance with and review of
documents filed with the SEC.
“Audit-related fees” include fees for assurance and related services by our independent registered public accounting firm that are reasonably related to the
performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit fees.” These fees primarily include accounting consultations
regarding the accounting treatment of matters that occur in the regular course of business, implications of new accounting pronouncements, acquisitions and other
accounting issues that occur from time to time.
“Tax fees” include fees for professional services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning on
actual or contemplated transactions.
Our audit committee has adopted a pre-approval policy for the engagement of our independent accountant registered public accounting firm to perform certain
audit and non-audit services. Pursuant to this policy, which is designed to assure that such engagements do not impair the independence of our auditors, the audit
committee pre-approves annually a catalog of specific audit and non-audit services in the categories of audit service, audit-related service and tax services that may
be performed by our independent accountants registered public accounting firm.
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
Not applicable.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
Not applicable.
ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
Not applicable.
100
ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to comply with Israeli corporate governance practices instead of the applicable NYSE requirements for U.S. domestic
issuers, provided that we disclose those NYSE rules with which we do not comply and the equivalent Israeli requirements that we follow instead. However,
notwithstanding our ability to follow the corporate governance practices of our home country, Israel, we have elected to comply with NYSE corporate governance
requirements that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. Nevertheless, we may, in the future, decide to rely on foreign private issuer exemptions and follow Israeli
home country governance practices in lieu of complying with some or all NYSE corporate governance requirements, which may provide less protection to you than
is accorded to investors of domestic issuers.
ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See “Item 18. Financial Information.”
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See pages F-2 through F-34 of this annual report.
101
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INDEX
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
F - 2
(PCAOB name: Kesselman & Kesselman C.P.A. and PCAOB ID 1309)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2021
F - 3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021
F - 5
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Convertible Preferred Shares and Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) as of December 31,
2019, 2020 and 2021
F - 6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021
F - 7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F - 8
F - 1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Tufin Software Technologies Ltd.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tufin Software Technologies Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31,
2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, of changes in redeemable convertible preferred shares and changes in shareholders'
equity (deficit) and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the
“consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the
Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021
in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or
fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are
required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the
Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and
performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the
consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Tel-Aviv, Israel
March 7, 2022
/s/ Kesselman & Kesselman
Certified Public Accountants (lsr.)
A member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2007.
F - 2
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
U.S. dollars in thousands
December 31,
2020
2021
Assets
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
58,449
$
44,439
Marketable Securities - short term
19,586
18,177
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for credit losses of $85 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021)
16,674
19,156
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
7,159
8,765
Total current assets
101,868
90,537
NON CURRENT ASSETS:
Long-term restricted bank deposits
3,268
3,251
Marketable Securities - long term
22,705
23,514
Property and equipment, net
4,502
5,007
Operating lease assets
18,802
16,457
Deferred costs
6,348
8,728
Deferred tax assets
1,346
2,533
Other non-current assets
1,512
1,366
Total non-current assets
58,483
60,856
Total assets
$
160,351
$
151,393
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F - 3
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)
December 31,
2020
2021
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payables
$
4,147
$
5,191
Employee and payroll accrued expenses
17,985
21,123
Other accounts payables
578
677
Operating lease liabilities – current
3,185
3,437
Deferred revenues
24,940
28,386
Total current liabilities
50,835
58,814
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Long-term deferred revenues
12,815
18,740
Non-current operating lease liabilities
20,240
17,837
Other non-current liabilities
1,282
1,681
Total non-current liabilities
34,337
38,258
Total liabilities
$
85,172
$
97,072
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (see note 14)
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Ordinary shares of NIS 0.015 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021;
35,972,470 and 37,851,120 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021,
respectively
148
157
Additional paid-in capital
178,864
195,041
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
5
(113)
Accumulated deficit
(103,838)
(140,764)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
75,179
54,321
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
$
160,351
$
151,393
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F - 4
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
U.S. dollars in thousands (except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2020
2021
Revenues:
Product
$
47,365
$
38,690
$
46,593
Maintenance and professional services
55,905
62,144
64,356
Total revenues
103,270
100,834
110,949
Cost of revenues:
Product
2,716
2,940
3,291
Maintenance and professional services
17,141
17,307
19,821
Total cost of revenues
19,857
20,247
23,112
Gross profit
83,413
80,587
87,837
Operating expenses:
Research and development
31,571
34,978
39,584
Sales and marketing
63,981
59,484
60,378
General and administrative
14,884
20,050
24,204
Total operating expenses
110,436
114,512
124,166
Operating loss
$
(27,023)
$
(33,925)
$
(36,329)
Financial income (expense), net
(85)
114
(1,104)
Loss before taxes on income
$
(27,108)
$
(33,811)
$
(37,433)
Taxes on income
(1,011)
(1,595)
507
Net loss
$
(28,119)
$
(35,406)
$
(36,926)
Basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share
$
(1.04)
$
(0.99)
$
(0.99)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing net loss per share - basic and diluted (in
thousands)
27,088
35,674
37,180
Comprehensive Loss
Net loss
$
(28,119)
$
(35,406)
$
(36,926)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) from available-for-sale securities
-
5
(118)
Total comprehensive loss
$
(28,119)
$
(35,401)
$
(37,044)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F - 5
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SHARES AND
CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data)
Redeemable Convertible
Preferred Share
Ordinary Shares
Number of
Shares
Amount
Number of
Shares
Amount
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Accumulated
Deficit
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
(Deficit)
Balance as of
January 1, 2019
16,416,749
$
26,699
8,265,988
30
10,337
-
(40,313)
(29,946)
Issuance of shares
in connection
with share-based
compensation
plans
-
-
1,674,044
7
2,289
-
-
2,296
Share-based
compensation
-
-
-
-
10,927
-
-
10,927
Conversion of
redeemable
convertible
preferred shares
(16,416,749)
(26,699)
16,416,749
70
26,629
-
-
26,699
Issuance of
ordinary shares
upon initial
public offering,
net
-
-
8,873,472
38
112,427
-
-
112,465
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
(28,119)
(28,119)
Balance as of
December 31,
2019
-
-
35,230,253
$
145 $
162,609
-
$
(68,432) $
94,322
Issuance of shares
in connection
with share-based
compensation
plans
-
-
742,217
3
1,230
-
-
1,233
Share-based
compensation
-
-
-
-
15,025
-
-
15,025
Other
comprehensive
income
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
(35,406)
(35,406)
Balance as of
December 31,
2020
-
-
35,972,470
$
148
$
178,864
$
5
$
(103,838)
$
75,179
Issuance of shares
in connection
with share-based
compensation
plans
-
-
1,878,650
9
2,281
-
-
2,290
Share-based
compensation
-
-
-
-
13,896
-
-
13,896
Other
comprehensive
income
-
-
-
-
-
(118)
-
(118)
Net loss
-
-
-
-
-
-
(36,926)
(36,926)
Balance as of
December 31,
2021
-
-
37,851,120
157
195,041
(113)
(140,764)
54,321
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F - 6
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. dollars in thousands
Year ended December 31,
2019
2020
2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss
$
(28,119)
$
(35,406)
$
(36,926)
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation
1,205
1,523
1,904
Share-based compensation
10,927
15,025
13,896
Amortization of premium and accretion of discount on marketable securities, net
-
95
308
Exchange rate differences on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(712)
(1,146)
179
Other
28
-
-
Change in operating assets and liabilities items:
Accounts receivable, net
(1,506)
(452)
(2,482)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
928
(2,640)
(2,174)
Deferred costs
(648)
(665)
(2,344)
Deferred taxes
(970)
313
(1,187)
Other non-current assets
(1,024)
62
146
Accounts payable
1,027
(247)
1,044
Employee and payroll accrued expenses
4,191
3,275
3,627
Other accounts payable and non-current liabilities
(1,923)
(416)
202
Net change in operating lease accounts
2,876
1,048
194
Deferred revenues
4,099
2,192
9,371
Net cash used in operating activities
(9,621)
(17,439)
(14,242)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of fixed assets
(2,548)
(2,070)
(1,678)
Investment in marketable securities
-
(44,381)
(29,227)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities
-
2,069
29,414
Other investing activities
(173)
-
-
Net cash used in investing activities
(2,721)
(44,382)
(1,491)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts
115,292
-
-
Payments of offering costs related to initial public offering
(2,645)
-
-
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
2,081
1,376
2,374
Changes in proceeds from withholdings related to stock plans
1,255
(713)
(489)
Payment of long-term loan
(222)
-
-
Net cash provided by financing activities
115,761
663
1,885
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
712
1,146
(179)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
104,131
(60,012)
(14,027)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR
17,598
121,729
61,717
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF YEAR
$
121,729
$
61,717
$
47,690
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for income taxes
$
1,578
$
2,419
$
409
Cash paid for interest
4
-
-
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Property and equipment purchased but not yet paid
271
49
345
Unpaid offering costs
52
-
-
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining operating right of use assets
10,063
-
-
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred shares
26,699
-
-
Exercise of share options
$
228
$
85
$
1
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F - 7
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1:
GENERAL
Business Description
Tufin Software Technologies Ltd. (together with its subsidiaries, “Tufin” or the “Company”) is an Israeli company that develops, markets and
sells software-based solutions that help organizations visualize, define and enforce a unified security policy across complex, heterogeneous
network environments. Tufin’s solutions automate security policy management, and allow organizations to gain visibility and control over
their IT and cloud environments. Substantially all of the Company’s sales of products and services worldwide are made through a global
network of distributors and resellers, which sell the products and services to their end-user customers.
The Company was incorporated as an Israeli company on January 2, 2005 and commenced operations on that date. The Company has
incorporated wholly owned subsidiaries in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Australia and Romania.
In April 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) in which it sold 8,855,000 ordinary shares to the public, including
1,155,000 ordinary shares pursuant to an option granted to the underwriters. The Company received aggregate net proceeds from the IPO of
approximately $112,465 thousand, net of underwriting discounts and offering expenses payable by the Company. Upon the execution of the
IPO, the Company’s outstanding redeemable convertible preferred shares were converted into 16,416,749 ordinary shares.
NOTE 2:
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”).
a.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions
that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company evaluates on an ongoing basis
its assumptions, including those related to contingencies, income taxes, deferred taxes, share-based compensation, leases and revenue
recognition, as well as deferred contract costs. The Company’s management believes that the estimates, judgment and assumptions used are
reasonable based upon information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements, and the
reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The COVID-19 pandemic including the global emergence of new variants, continue to persist and create business and economic uncertainty
and volatility in the global markets. The Company had made certain precautionary measures to its operations in order to help minimize the risk
of its employees including employ a hybrid remote-work arrangement and suspend non-essential travels. The Company considered the impact
of COVID-19 on its estimates and assumptions. As of the date of issuance of these financial statements, the Company is not aware of any
specific event or circumstance that would require the Company to update its estimates, assumptions and judgments or revise the carrying value
of its assets or liabilities.
The full impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s business, results of operations, and financial condition may depend on numerous evolving
factors that are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted. As additional information is obtained, the Company may be required to
update its estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to the
Company’s financial statements. The Company will continue to monitor the evolving situation and will assess the relevant implications on its
consolidated financial statements.
F - 8
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
b.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany
transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
c.
Functional Currency and Foreign Currency Transactions
A substantial majority of the Company’s operations are carried out by the Company in Israel and in the United States. The majority of the
Company’s revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars. The Company’s management believes that the U.S. dollar is the currency of the primary
economic environment in which the Company and each of its subsidiaries operates. Thus, the functional currency of the Company is the U.S.
dollar.
Accordingly, monetary balances denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are re-measured into U.S. dollars in accordance with
Statement of the Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) No. 830 “Foreign Currency Matters” (“ASC No. 830”). All transaction gains and
losses of the re-measured monetary balance sheet items are reflected in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss as financial income
or expenses, as appropriate.
d.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid deposits that are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of three months or less, at the
date acquired.
F - 9
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
e.
Marketable Securities
The Company accounts for its investments in marketable securities in accordance with ASC No. 320, “Investments—Debt Securities”. The
Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates the
appropriate classifications at each balance sheet date. As of December 31, 2021, all of the Company’s investments in marketable debt
securities are classified as available-for-sale. The Company’s available-for-sale marketable debt securities primarily consist of U.S.
government, U.S. government agencies and corporate debt. Accordingly, the Company’s marketable debt securities are recorded at fair value
on the balance sheet. Unrealized gains and losses on marketable debt securities classified as available-for-sale are recorded in other
comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains and losses on sale of marketable debt securities are included in financial income (expense), net in
the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss. The cost of marketable securities sold is determined using the specific identification
method. The amortized cost of marketable debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such
amortization and accretion are included in the Company’s financial income (expenses), net in the consolidated statement of comprehensive
loss. The Company classifies its marketable debt securities as either short-term or long-term based on each instrument’s underlying contractual
maturity date.
When the estimated fair value of a debt security is below its amortized cost, the debt security is assessed using the Current Expected Credit
Losses model (in accordance with ASU 2016-13) in order to determine what portion of that difference, if any, is caused by expected credit
losses. The amortized cost of the debt security will be reduced to its fair value if it is more likely than not that the Company is required to sell
the impaired security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, or it has the intention to sell the security. If neither of these conditions are
met, the Company determines whether the impairment is due to credit losses by comparing the present value of the expected cash flows of the
security with its amortized cost basis. The amount of impairment recognized is limited to the excess of the amortized cost over the fair value of
the security. An allowance for credit losses for the excess of amortized cost over the expected cash flows is recognized in financial income
(expense), net on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
During the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not recognize an allowance for credit losses on its available-for-sale
marketable debt securities.
f.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are recorded based on the invoiced amount and presented in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet net of allowance
for credit losses for potential uncollectible amounts. The allowance for credit losses is based on the Company’s assessment of collectability by
reviewing accounts receivable on an aggregated basis where similar characteristics exist and on an individual basis when it identifies specific
customers with known disputes or collectability issues. In addition, the Company considers a number of factors to assess collectability,
including the past due status, creditworthiness of the specific customer, payment history and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future
economic conditions, as well as other applicable forward-looking information in order to calculate its estimated credit losses. Changes in the
allowance for expected credit losses are recorded under general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive
loss.
The Company’s allowance for credit losses for its accounts receivable consists of the following activity:
December 31,
2019
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Beginning balance
$
97
$
77
$
85
Charged to general and administrative
31
85
-
Accounts receivable write-off
(51)
(77)
-
Ending Balance
$
77
$
85
$
85
When revenue recognition criteria are not met for a sale transaction that has been billed, the Company does not recognize deferred revenues on
the balance sheet or the related contract assets. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, $22,936 thousand and $26,100 thousand,
respectively, were offset from contract assets and corresponding amounts were offset from deferred revenues (see Note 8).
F - 10
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
g.
Long-term Restricted Bank Deposits
As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, the Company’s bank deposits were denominated mainly in U.S. dollars and NIS and bore yearly interest at
weighted average deposits rates of 1.39% and 0.01%, respectively. These deposits are primarily used for collateralizing the Company’s lease
contracts, credit cards and for the Company’s hedging activities.
Restricted bank deposits are classified based on the expected expiration date of the respective restriction. Bank deposits are presented at their
cost, including accrued interest.
The Company’s long-term restricted bank deposits are included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling beginning-of-period and end-
of-period total amounts shown on the consolidated statement of cash flows (see also Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements).
h.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. If an arrangement is a lease, the Company determines whether it is an
operating lease or a finance lease at the lease commencement date. As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, the Company did not have any finance
leases. Operating leases are included in operating lease assets, operating lease liabilities – current, and non-current operating lease liabilities in
the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Operating lease assets represent the Company’s right to control the use of an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent
the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized on the
commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based
on the information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of the lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate
was estimated based on factors such as the lease term, credit standing and the economic environment of the location of the lease.
Variable lease payments, including payments based on an index or a rate, are expensed as incurred and are not included within the operating
lease asset and operating lease liabilities. The Company does not separate non-lease components from lease components for its leases of real
estate.
The Company’s lease terms are the noncancelable periods, including any rent-free periods provided by the lessor, and include options to
extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. At lease inception, and in subsequent
periods as necessary, the Company estimates the lease term based on its assessment of extension and termination options that are reasonably
certain to be exercised. Lease costs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not recognize operating
lease asset and operating lease liabilities for leases with terms shorter than 12 months. Lease costs for short-term leases are recognized on a
straight-line basis over the lease term.
i.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated by the straight-line method over the
estimated useful lives of the residual value of the related assets at the following annual rates:
%
Furniture and fixtures
10
Computers and software
33
Leasehold improvements
10-33
Electronic equipment
15-33
Leasehold improvements are depreciated by the straight-line method over the shorter of the term of the lease (including reasonably assured
option periods, if applicable), or the estimated useful life of the improvements.
j.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The long-lived assets of the Company are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC No. 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment” (“ASC
No. 360”), whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The
recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash
flows expected to be generated by such assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the
amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and
2021, no impairment triggering events were identified.
F - 11
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
k.
Severance Pay
Israeli labor law generally requires payment of severance pay upon dismissal of an employee or upon termination of employment in certain
other circumstances. The Company makes ongoing deposits into its Israeli employee pension plans to fund their severance liabilities. For its
employees who are employed under Article 14 of the Severance Compensation Act, 1963 (“Article 14”), the Company makes deposits with
certain insurance companies for accounts controlled by each applicable employee in order to secure the employee’s rights upon termination. In
addition, the related obligations and amounts deposited on behalf of the applicable employees for such obligations are not presented on the
Company’s consolidated balance sheets, as the amounts funded are not under the control and management of the Company and the Company
is legally released from the obligation to pay any severance payments to the employees once the required deposit amounts have been paid.
For the Company’s employees in Israel that began employment prior to Article 14, the Company calculates the liability for severance pay
based on the most recent salary of these employees multiplied by the number of years of employment as of the Article 14 inception date. These
liabilities are presented under other non-current liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The amounts used to fund these
liabilities are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets under other non-current assets.
Expenses incurred under the Company’s severance and pension plans in connection with its Israeli employees, which represent the majority of
the Company’s severance expense, for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, were $3,091 thousands, $3,659 thousands and
$4,343 thousands, respectively.
The Company’s subsidiary in the United States offers a defined contribution retirement plan (the “Plan”) under the provisions of Section
401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) that covers eligible employees as defined in the Plan. All eligible
employees may elect to contribute up to an annual maximum, of the lesser of 100% of their annual compensation to the plan through salary
deferrals, subject to Internal Revenue Service limits, but not greater than $19,500 per year (for certain employees over 50 years of age the
maximum contribution is $26,000 per year). Commencing 2021, the Company’s subsidiary in the United States, at its discretion, offers
matching contributions equal to 3% of the employee's annual compensation. For the year ended December 31, 2021 the Company made 401(k)
Plan contributions of approximately $135 thousands.
In addition, the Company’s employees in other jurisdictions are entitled to certain pension plans and related severance payments in accordance
with local laws and practices. These plans are accounted as contribution plans.
l.
Revenue Recognition
The Company follows the five-step model to recognize revenue under ASC 606: (i) identify the contract with a customer, (ii) identify the
performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations
in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies its performance obligations.
For each arrangement the Company assesses whether it is acting as the principal that has promised to provide goods or services to its
customers or an agent which arranges for goods or services to be provided by the principal to an end customer. The Company’s revenue is
reported net of discounts, sales tax, value added tax and related surcharges.
The Company generates revenues from selling (i) software license (perpetual and term-based), (ii) maintenance, (iii) hardware (iv)
professional services and to a lesser extent (v) software as a service (“SaaS”) offerings which were immaterial for the years ended December
31, 2019, 2020 and 2021. The Company sells its products and services primarily through distributors and resellers and also through its direct
sales force.
The Company determines the appropriate revenue recognition for its contracts with customers by analyzing the type, terms and conditions of
each contract or arrangement with a customer. The Company classifies the components of revenue as product or services revenue based on the
attributes of the underlying performance obligations. Accordingly, software license and hardware are classified as product revenues.
F - 12
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company’s contract payment terms typically range between 30 and 120 days. The Company assesses collectability based on several
factors, including collection history.
The Company uses the practical expedient and does not assess the existence of a significant financing component when the difference between
payment and revenue recognition is less than a year.
Nature of Products and Services
The Company’s on-premise software licenses are sold through both perpetual and term-based license agreements. These licensing
arrangements provide customers with the same product functionality and differ mainly in the duration over which the customer benefits from
the software. The Company delivers its software licenses electronically. Electronic delivery occurs when the Company provides the customer
with access to the software and license key via a secure portal. Revenue from on-premise software licenses is generally recognized upfront at
the point in time when the software is made available to the customer. Hardware revenue is recognized upon delivery which is the point in time
at which control has passed.
The Company’s contracts with customers for on-premise software licenses include maintenance services and may also include additional
professional services, such as training, consulting and implementation. Maintenance services agreements consist of fees for providing software
updates on an if and when available basis and for providing technical support for software products for a specified term. Both software updates
and technical support have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Revenues related to maintenance services are recognized ratably over
the term of the related maintenance agreement. Revenues related to SaaS are also recognized ratably over the term of the related agreement.
Revenues related to professional services are recognized as the services are performed or upon the fulfillment of the performance obligation of
the related professional services. Payments received in advance of services performed are deferred and recognized when the related services
are performed.
In contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are
distinct. The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price out of total
consideration of the contract. For maintenance and support, the Company determines the standalone selling price based on the price at which
the Company separately sells a renewal contract. The Company determines the standalone selling price for sales of licenses using the residual
approach as the Company’s licenses are not sold on a standalone basis and due to the high variability of the licenses’ sales prices. For
professional services and SaaS, the Company determines the standalone selling prices based on the price at which the Company separately
sells those services.
m.
Deferred Contract Costs
The Company accounts for deferred contract costs in accordance with ASC No. 340-40, “Other Assets and Deferred Costs” (“ASC 340-40”).
Under ASC 340-40, incremental costs that the Company incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the
contract had not been obtained, provided the Company expects to recover the costs, are deferred.
The Company defer contract costs that are recoverable and incremental to obtaining customer sales contracts. These costs include sales
commissions to sales and marketing and certain management personnel based on their attainment of certain predetermined sales goals. Sales
commissions paid for initial contracts, which are not commensurate with sales commissions paid for renewal contracts, are deferred and
amortized over an expected period of benefit. Based on its technology, customer contracts and other factors, the Company has determined the
expected period of benefit to be approximately four years. Sales commissions for renewal contracts are deferred and then amortized on a
straight-line basis over the related contractual period. Amortization expenses related to these costs are primarily included in sales and
marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The Company presents deferred contract costs from contracts which
are less than 12 months under prepaid expenses and other current assets and deferred contract costs related to contracts that are greater than 12
months under deferred costs (see also Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements).
F - 13
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
n.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of product revenues consist primarily of costs associated with the processing and the delivery of the Company’s software licenses to the
customers as well as third-party hardware and related shipping costs. The Company sources its hardware from a single third-party provider
based in the U.S.
Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues consist primarily of personnel costs responsible for providing maintenance and
support and professional services.
o.
Accounting for Share-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for share-based compensation, including stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) in accordance with ASC
No. 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment
awards on the date of grant using an Option-Pricing Model (“OPM”).
The Company selected the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model as the most appropriate fair value method for its stock options awards.
The Company’s option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected share price volatility and
expected term. Any changes in these highly subjective assumptions would significantly impact the share-based compensation expense.
During the year ended December 31, 2021 no stock options were granted. During the years ended December 31 2019 and 2020, the fair value
of stock options granted to employees is estimated at the date of grant using the following assumptions:
The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the implied yield curve, at the time of grant, on U.S. treasury zero-coupon issues with a
remaining term equal to the expected term of the Company’s stock options. The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s
historical experience and expectation of no future dividend payouts and may be subject to substantial changes in the future. The Company has
historically not paid cash dividends and has no foreseeable plans to pay cash dividends in the future. The expected share price volatility is
based on the historical volatility of the ordinary shares of comparable companies that are publicly traded, as well as the historical volatility of
the Company’s ordinary shares. The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be
outstanding. The expected option term is calculated using the simplified method, as the Company concludes that currently its historical share
option exercise experience does not provide an adequate basis to estimate its expected option term. The fair value of the Company’s ordinary
shares underlying the share-based awards for the period from January 1, 2019 to April 11, 2019, were estimated using the hybrid method
which takes into consideration a probability-weighted of a non-IPO scenario (which is based on the income approach) and an IPO scenario.
Commencing April 11, 2019, the Company’s ordinary shares are publicly traded and are measured based on the Company’s share price on the
date of grant.
The fair value of the Company’s RSUs is measured based on the fair value of the Company’s ordinary shares on the date of grant.
The Company recognizes compensation expenses for its share-based option awards and RSUs on the graded vesting attribution method over
the requisite service period (primarily a four-year period).
Each of the above factors requires the Company to use judgment and make estimates in determining the inputs used for the calculation of the
fair value of its stock-based option awards. If the Company were to use different inputs, the fair value of its stock-based option awards could
be materially different.
p.
Research and Development Costs
ASC 985 requires capitalization of certain software development costs subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility.
Based on the Company’s product development process, technological feasibility is established upon completion of a working model. The
Company does not incur material costs between the completion of the working model and the point at which the products are ready for general
release. Therefore, research and development costs are charged to the statement of comprehensive loss as incurred.
F - 14
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
q.
Advertising Expense
Advertising expenses consist primarily of campaigns, tradeshows, digital advertising, branding and public relations. Advertising expenses are
charged to the statement of comprehensive loss, as incurred. Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021,
amounted to $5,522, $3,143 and $3,755 thousand, respectively.
r.
Income Taxes
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to income taxes in the jurisdictions in which they operate. The Company’s provision for income
taxes is based on income tax rates in the tax jurisdictions in which it operates, permanent differences between financial reporting and tax
reporting, and available credits and incentives. Deferred taxes are determined utilizing the “asset and liability” approach under ASC-740,
“Income Taxes” (“ASC-740”). The asset and liability approach requires the recognition of deferred taxes based on the estimated future tax
effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount and tax bases of assets and liabilities under the applicable tax laws, and on
effective tax rates in effect when the deferred taxes are expected to be settled or realized. Deferred taxes for each jurisdiction are presented as a
non-current net asset or liability, net of any valuation allowances.
Valuation allowances are provided unless it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be realized. In determining the appropriate
valuation allowances, the Company considers future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, the most recent projections of future
business results, prior earnings history, carryback and carry forward and prudent tax strategies that may enhance the likelihood of realization of
a deferred tax asset.
Deferred taxes have not been provided for the following items:
1)
Taxes that would apply in the event of disposal of investments in first-tier foreign subsidiaries, as it is generally the Company’s
intention to hold these investments, not to realize them.
2)
Undistributed earnings of the Company's foreign subsidiaries, since the Company has the ability and intention to permanently reinvest
these earnings and does not intend to distribute dividends from such income.
ASC-740 also clarifies the accounting and reporting for uncertainties in income tax. ASC-740 prescribes a comprehensive model for the
financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income
tax returns. The Company reevaluates these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis and makes adjustments as required. The Company
classifies interest and penalties recognized in the financial statements relating to uncertain tax positions within taxes on income.
s.
Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share:
Basic net loss per ordinary share is computed by dividing net loss for each reporting period by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares
outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per ordinary share is computed by dividing net loss for each reporting period by the weighted average
number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, plus dilutive potential ordinary shares considered outstanding during the period, in
accordance with ASC 260-10 “Earnings Per Share”.
The calculation of diluted net loss per share excludes potential share issuances of ordinary shares upon the exercise of share options, unvested
RSUs, warrants to purchase ordinary shares and redeemable preferred shares as their effect is anti-dilutive.
The total number of shares related to outstanding stock options, warrants to purchase ordinary shares and redeemable preferred shares that
have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2019 was 7,507,811, 26,667 and
16,416,749 (out of which 27,778 shares represent receipt on account of preferred A shares), respectively. The total number of shares related to
outstanding stock options and unvested RSUs that have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the year ended
December 31, 2020 was 6,930,143 and 1,311,702, respectively. The total number of shares related to outstanding stock options and unvested
RSUs that have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2021 was 4,716,941 and
2,458,254, respectively.
F - 15
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
t.
Concentration of Credit Risks
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents,
marketable securities, restricted bank deposits, trade receivables and derivative instruments.
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted bank deposits are invested with major banks in Europe, Israel and the United States.
Generally, these investments may be redeemed upon demand and the Company believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s
cash deposits are financially sound and, accordingly, bear minimal risk.
The Company's marketable debt securities consist of investments, which are highly rated by credit agencies, in government, corporate and
government sponsored enterprises debentures. The Company's investment policy, approved by the Board of Directors, limits the amount that
the Company may invest in any one type of investment or issuer, in order to reduce credit risk concentrations.
The trade receivables of the Company are mainly derived from sales to a diverse set of customers located primarily in the United States,
Europe and Asia. Concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables is limited by credit limits, ongoing credit evaluation and
account monitoring procedures.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, each of the following customers comprised more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable:
December 31,
2020
2021
Customer A
12%
17%
Customer B
16%
11%
Customer C
6%
11%
Customer D
11%
10%
For purposes of this calculation, the Company assessed distributors by aggregating distributors within the same holding group.
u.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company is exposed to global market risks and to the risk that its earnings, cash flows and equity could be adversely impacted by
fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. As part of the Company’s risk management strategy, it uses foreign currency exchange forward
contracts and other derivative to hedge against certain foreign currency exposures. The derivative instruments hedge a portion of the
Company’s non-dollar currency exposure. The Company does not enter into derivative transactions for trading purposes. The Company
recognizes these derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value. Derivatives in a gain
position are reported in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets and derivatives in a loss position are recorded in other accounts
payables in the consolidated balance sheets, on a gross basis.
All derivative contracts entered into by the Company are classified as non-hedging instruments and accordingly the Company records the
changes in fair value of derivative instruments in financial income (expense), net in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss.
v.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company applies ASC No. 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), with respect to fair value measurements of all
financial assets and liabilities. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at are measured at fair value on a recurring
basis include marketable securities and derivative contracts.
The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when
measuring fair value.
F - 16
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on
assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is established as a basis for
considering such assumptions and for inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that can be accessed at the measurement date.
Level 2 - Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the assets or liabilities,
either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. The
inputs require significant management judgment or estimation.
In accordance with ASC 820, the Company’s foreign currency derivative instruments and marketable securities are classified within the Level
2 value hierarchy (see Note 3).
w.
Legal Contingencies
From time to time, the Company becomes involved in legal proceedings or is subject to claims arising in its ordinary course of business. Such
matters are generally subject to many uncertainties and outcomes that are not predictable with assurance. The Company accrues for
contingencies when the loss is probable, and it can reasonably estimate the amount of any such loss. Loss contingencies considered to be
remote by the Company are generally not disclosed unless material. The respective legal fees are expensed as incurred.
F - 17
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
y.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2019-12 “Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Simplifying the
Accounting for Income Taxes” (the “update”). The amendments in this update simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing the
following exceptions in ASC 740: (1) exception to the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocation when there is a loss from
continuing operations and income or a gain from other items; (2) exception to the requirement to recognize a deferred tax liability for equity
method investments when a foreign subsidiary becomes an equity method investment; (3) exception to the ability not to recognize a deferred
tax liability for a foreign subsidiary when a foreign equity method investment becomes a subsidiary; and (4) exception to the general
methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year.
In addition, the update also simplifies the accounting for income taxes in certain topics as follows: (1) requiring that an entity recognize a
franchise tax (or similar tax) that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a
non-income-based tax; (2) requiring that an entity evaluate when a step up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the
business combination in which the book goodwill was originally recognized and when it should be considered a separate transaction; (3)
specifying that an entity can elect (rather than be required to) allocate the consolidated amount of current and deferred tax expense to a legal
entity that is not subject to tax in its separate financial statements; and (4) requiring that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax
laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The Company adopted ASU
2019-12 effective January 1, 2020 1, with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on
Financial Reporting". In addition, in January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)- Scope". The
amendments in these ASUs apply to all entities that have contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or
another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. Together, these ASUs provide optional expedients and
exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected
by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract
modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as
of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging
relationship. These ASUs were effective upon issuance and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications and hedging relationships
entered into or evaluated through December 31, 2022. The adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements.
z.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, "Government Assistance (Topic 832)- Disclosures by Business Entities about Government
Assistance". This ASU requires annual disclosures for transactions with a government authority that are accounted for by applying a grant or
contribution model. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted.
The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.
F - 18
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3:
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, by fair value
hierarchy, on the consolidated balance sheet:
December 31,
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Level 2
Level 2
Assets:
Marketable securities
$
42,291
$
41,691
Foreign currency exchange derivative instruments
295
322
Liabilities:
Foreign currency exchange derivative instruments
8
37
$
42,578
$
41,976
The Company’s marketable securities are classified as Level 2 as these assets are valued using observable data, either directly or indirectly, that
may include quoted market prices for similar instruments, broker-dealer quotes, market spreads, nonbinding market prices that are corroborated by
observable market data and other observable market information.
The Company’s foreign currency exchange derivative financial instruments are classified as Level 2, as they represent foreign currency forward and
option contracts that are not actively traded and are valued using pricing models that use observable market inputs, including interest rate curves
and both forward rates and spot prices for currencies (Level 2 inputs). The fair value of foreign currency exchange derivative instruments was
estimated by obtaining current quotes from banks and third-party valuations.
Other financial instruments consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents, restricted bank deposits, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other
accounts payables. The fair value of these financial instruments approximates their carrying values.
NOTE 4:
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted bank deposits reported within the statement of financial
position that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statement of cash flows.
December 31,
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
58,449
$
44,439
Long-term restricted bank deposits
3,268
3,251
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows
$
61,717
$
47,690
Amounts included in restricted bank deposits represent those required to be set aside by a contractual agreement with lease, hedging and credit card
transactions.
F - 19
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 5:
MARKETABLE SECURITIES
The following tables summarize the amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of available-for-sale marketable securities as of
December 31, 2020 and 2021:
December 31, 2021
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
Amortized
cost
Gross
unrealized
losses
Gross
unrealized
gains
Fair
value
U.S. government and agency debentures
$
32,591
(97)
-
32,494
Corporate debentures
9,213
(16)
-
9,197
Total
$
41,804
(113)
-
41,691
December 31, 2020
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
Amortized
cost
Gross
unrealized
losses
Gross
unrealized
gains
Fair
value
U.S. government and agency debentures
$
32,578
$
(5) $
1
$
32,574
Corporate debentures
9,708
(1)
10
9,717
Total
$
42,286
$
(6) $
11
$
42,291
December 31, 2021
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
Amortized cost
Fair value
Due within one year
$
18,217
$
18,177
Due between one and two years
23,587
23,514
Total
$
41,804
$
41,691
December 31, 2020
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
Amortized cost
Fair value
Due within one year
$
19,585
$
19,586
Due between one and two years
22,701
22,705
Total
$
42,286
$
42,291
F - 20
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 6:
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
December 31,
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Property and equipment, net:
Cost:
Furniture and fixtures
$
1,883
$
1,906
Computers and software
4,731
4,910
Leasehold improvements
907
907
Electronic equipment
2,374
3,251
9,895
10,974
Less - Accumulated depreciation
5,393
5,967
$
4,502
$
5,007
Depreciation expenses were $1,205 thousands, $ 1,523 thousands and $ 1,904 thousands in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021,
respectively.
NOTE 7:
LEASES
The Company entered into office lease arrangements where its administrative, research and development, support services and sales and marketing
activities are located. Those lease arrangements have remaining terms of up to 8 years. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had operating lease
right-of-use (“ROU”) assets of $16.5 million, of which $14.4 were located in Israel, and the remaining ROU assets were located in the United
States.
The components of lease expense during the period presented were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Operating lease expense
$
3,110 $
3,791 $
3,869
Short-term lease expense
786
545
269
Total lease expense
$
3,896 $
4,336 $
4,138
F - 21
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases during the period presented was as follows:
Year Ended
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2020
December 31,
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases
1,602 $
4,169
$
4,356
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities:
Operating leases
10,063
$
-
$
-
Lease term and discount rate related to operating leases as of the period presented were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2020
2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
8.4
7.6
6.7
Weighted-average discount rate
7.5%
7.6%
7.7%
The maturities of lease liabilities under operating leases as of December 31, 2021 are as follows:
(U.S. $ in
thousands)
2022
4,514
2023
4,251
2024
3,953
2025
3,431
2026
3,431
Thereafter
7,148
Total undiscounted lease payments
$
26,728
Less: Imputed interest
(5,454)
Total lease liabilities
$
21,274
F - 22
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 8:
DEFERRED REVENUES AND DEFERRED COSTS
December 31,
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Deferred revenues:
Deferred product revenues
$
1,515
$
1,799
Deferred maintenance and professional services revenues
59,176
71,427
60,691
73,226
Less - amounts offset from contract assets
(22,936)
(26,100)
Deferred revenues
37,755
47,126
Changes in deferred revenues:
Beginning of year
57,595
60,691
Deferred revenue relating to new sales
44,105
54,427
Revenue recognized during the year
(41,009)
(41,892)
End of year
60,691
73,226
Less - amounts offset from contract assets
(22,936)
(26,100)
Deferred revenues balance
$
37,755
$
47,126
As of December 31, 2021, the total remaining performance obligations amounted to $78,045 thousand. The Company expects that it will satisfy the
majority of its remaining performance obligations over a period of three years, of which, $42,890 thousands will be recognized in the next twelve
months, which constitutes 55% of total remaining performance obligations.
Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer
The Company determined that certain costs related to its sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized and deferred. These
assets are recorded as current and non-current assets. The Company amortizes these deferred costs over the benefit period, currently estimated to be
four years. The Company considers the benefit period to exceed the initial contract term for certain costs because of anticipated renewals and
because sales commission rates for renewal contracts are not commensurate with sales commissions for initial contracts.
December 31,
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
$
5,962
$
6,627
Additional costs deferred
3,398
5,176
Amortization of deferred costs
(2,733)
(2,832)
Balance at end of year
$
6,627
$
8,971
F - 23
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 9:
HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company carries out transactions involving foreign currency exchange derivative financial instruments. The transactions are designed to hedge
the Company’s exposure in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, but are not designated as an accounting hedge. The Company is primarily exposed
to foreign exchange risk with respect to recognized assets and liabilities and forecasted transactions denominated in NIS, Euro and GBP.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, the notional amounts of the Company’s outstanding foreign currency exchange derivative financial instruments
that were not designated as accounting hedging instruments, were $17.6 million and $26.9 million, respectively, and were used to reduce foreign
currency exposures of the NIS. With respect to such derivatives, gains of $366 thousand, $86 thousand and losses of $80 thousand were recognized
under financial income (expense), net for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Such gains and losses partially offset
the revaluation impact of the balance sheet items, which are also recognized under financial income (expense), net. These foreign currency
exchange derivative financial instruments mature through August 2022.
Balance sheet location
Notional Amount
Fair Value
December 31,
2021
December 31, 2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Assets derivatives - Foreign currency exchange contracts
Other current assets
$
16,332
$
322
Liability derivatives - Foreign currency exchange contracts
Other accounts payables
$
10,579
$
37
Balance sheet location
Notional Amount
Fair Value
December 31,
2020
December 31, 2020
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Assets derivatives - Foreign currency exchange contracts
Other current assets
$
8,796
$
295
Liability derivatives - Foreign currency exchange contracts
Other accounts payables
$
8,796
$
8
F - 24
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 10:
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
a)
Share capital
Each ordinary share confers upon its holder the right to one vote and to receive dividends as declared by the Board of Directors, which prior to
the IPO was subject to the priority rights of holders of preferred shares.
In April 2019, the Company completed its IPO in which it sold 8,855,000 ordinary shares to the public, including 1,155,000 ordinary shares
pursuant to an option granted to the underwriters. Upon the execution of the IPO, the Company's outstanding redeemable convertible preferred
shares were converted into 16,416,749 ordinary shares. The remaining increase in the issued and outstanding ordinary shares during 2019 was
attributable to exercises of stock options. Upon the closing of the Company's IPO in April 2019, warrants to purchase 26,667 ordinary shares
were exercised on a cashless basis resulting an issuance of 18,472 ordinary shares.
The Company’s ordinary shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “TUFN”.
b)
Stock-based compensation plans
Under the Company’s 2007 Israeli Share Option Plan, as amended in August 2014, September 2015 and July 2017, or the 2007 Plan, its 2008
U.S. Stock Plan, or the 2008 Plan, its 2018 U.S. Equity-Based Incentive Plan, or the 2018 Plan, and the 2019 Equity-Based Incentive Plan, or
the 2019 Plan, options exercisable for the Company’s ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.015 per share, may be granted to employees, officers,
non-employee consultants and directors of the Company. The 2007 Plan, the 2008 Plan, the 2018 Plan and the 2019 Plan are collectively
referred to herein as the Plans.
On February 28, 2019, the Company’s board of directors approved the 2019 Plan, which became effective upon shareholder approval on
March 21, 2019. The 2019 Plan replaced the 2007 Plan, the 2008 Plan and the 2018 Plan, or the Prior Plans, under which further grants will
not be made. The 2019 Plan generally allows for the grant of options, restricted shares, restricted share units and other share-based awards to
the Company and its affiliates’ employees. Any share (i) underlying an award under the Plans (in an amount not to exceed 813,515 shares
under the Prior Plans) that has expired, or was canceled, terminated, forfeited, repurchased or settled in cash in lieu of the issuance of shares,
for any reason, without having been exercised; (ii) tendered to pay the exercise price of an award (or the exercise price or other purchase price
of any option or other award under the Prior Plans), or withholding tax obligations with respect to an award (or any awards under the Prior
Plans); or (iii) subject to an award (or any award under the Prior Plans) that is not delivered to a grantee because such shares are withheld to
pay the exercise price (or of any award under the Prior Plans), or withholding tax obligations with respect to such award (or such other award),
will automatically be available for grant under the 2019 Plan.
Options and RSUs granted under the 2019 Plan become exercisable over the requisite service period, which is generally a four-year period
beginning on the grant date, subject to continued service to the Company. As of December 31, 2021, 1,038,499 shares were available for future
equity awards under the 2019 Plan. On January 1, 2022, the reserve pool under the 2019 Plan was increased by 1,892,556 shares.
F - 25
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Stock Options
A summary of the stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2021 is as follows:
Number of
Options
Weighted
average
exercise price
Aggregate
intrinsic value
(U.S. $ in
thousands)
Balance as of January 1, 2021
6,930,143
$
8.51
Exercised
(1,370,119) $
1.67
Forfeited
(843,083) $
12.82
Balance as of December 31, 2021
4,716,941
$
9.73
$
20,462
Exercisable as of December 31, 2021
3,467,471
$
7.75
$
19,378
The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding and exercisable options granted as of December 31, 2021:
Options Outstanding
Options Exercisable
Exercise Price
Options outstanding as of
December 31, 2021
Weighted average
remaining contractual
term
Options exercisable as of
December 31, 2021
Weighted average
remaining contractual
term
(years)
(years)
$ 0.004 - $ 1.76
2,069,939
8.7
2,013,187
8.8
$ 7.55 - $ 11.70
970,794
7.5
504,671
7.3
$ 16.68 - $ 19.21
931,627
7.6
497,811
7.6
$ 22.70 - $ 29.74
744,581
7.3
451,802
7.3
4,716,941
8.0
3,467,471
8.2
The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021 was approximately $7,705 thousands and
$14,222 thousands, respectively.
The fair value of stock options granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock
options granted during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020. No options were granted during the year ended December 31, 2021. The
following assumptions were applied in determining the options’ fair value on their grant date:
Year ended December 31,
2019
2020
Expected volatility
50.4%-65.9%
51.7%-56.2%
Expected dividends yields
0%
0%
Expected term (in years)
5.5-7.0
5.5-7.0
Risk free rate
1.53%-2.63%
0.31%-1.03%
Weighted average grant date fair value
$ 9.63
$ 5.36
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had 1,249,470 unvested options. As of December 31, 2021, the total unrecognized compensation cost
related to all unvested stock options of approximately $2.5 million is expected to be recognized as an expense over a weighted-average
recognition period of approximately 0.7 year.
F - 26
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Restricted Stock Units
A summary of the Company’s RSUs activity for the year ended December 31, 2021 is as follows:
Number of
RSUs
Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair
Value
Balance as of January 1, 2021
1,311,702
$
9.21
Granted
2,008,531
$
11.31
Vested
(508,531) $
9.46
Forfeited
(353,448) $
10.77
Unvested RSUs as of December 31, 2021
2,458,254
$
10.65
As of December 31, 2021, the unrecognized compensation cost related to all unvested RSUs of approximately $15.1 million is expected to be
recognized as an expense over a weighted-average recognition period of approximately 1.1 year.
In the first quarter of 2022, the Company granted certain of its employees 1,719,300 restricted stock units with a vesting period of four years.
Stock-based compensation expense for stock options and RSUs included in the Company’s Statements of Comprehensive Loss were allocated
as follows:
December 31,
2019
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Cost of revenues
$
1,514
$
2,024
$
1,812
Research and development
2,370
4,437
3,867
Sales and marketing
4,849
4,635
3,772
General and administrative
2,194
3,929
4,445
Total share-based compensation expense
$
10,927
$
15,025
$
13,896
F - 27
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 11:
INCOME TAXES
a.
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2021 were as follows:
As of December 31,
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carryforwards
$
17,543
$
26,588
Research and development
7,132
7,796
Deferred revenue
1,480
1,562
Employee and payroll accrued expenses
1,335
1,485
Share-based compensation
389
1,174
Operating lease liability
4,947
4,446
Issuance expense
982
-
Other
89
104
Total deferred tax assets
33,897
43,155
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment, net
(289)
(292)
Deferred costs
(1,629)
(2,231)
Operating lease right-of-use asset
(4,212)
(3,390)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(6,130)
(5,913)
Total deferred tax assets, net
$
27,767
$
37,242
Less valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
(26,421)
(34,709)
Deferred tax assets
$
1,346
$
2,533
The Company’s deferred tax assets are classified entirely in the consolidated balance sheet as non-current assets.
Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a
valuation allowance, the Company considered all available evidence, including past operating results, the most recent projections for taxable
income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The Company reassess its valuation allowance periodically and if future evidence
allows for a partial or full release of the valuation allowance, a tax benefit will be recorded accordingly.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2021, the Company had recorded a full valuation allowance of $26,421 thousand and $34,709 thousand,
respectively, with regard to its deferred taxes, consisting primarily of tax loss carryforwards generated in Israel.
A summary of the Company’s valuation allowance activity on deferred tax assets was as follows:
December 31,
2019
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Beginning balance
$
8,762 $
15,390 $
26,421
Additions charged to income tax expense
6,628
11,031
8,288
Ending balance
$
15,390
$
26,421
$
34,709
F - 28
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company believes that all future profits of its subsidiaries will be indefinitely reinvested or that there is no expectation to distribute any
taxable dividends from these subsidiaries.
b.
Provision for Income Taxes
Loss (Income) before taxes on income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were as follows:
December 31,
2019
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Israeli
29,560 $
36,347 $
39,904
Non-Israeli
(2,452)
(2,536)
(2,471)
27,108 $
33,811 $
37,433
The components of taxes on income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were as follows:
December 31,
2019
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Current
Israeli
164
$
336
$
385
Non-Israeli
1,817
946
295
1,981
1,282
680
Deferred
Israeli
-
-
-
Non-Israeli
(970)
313
(1,187)
(970)
313
(1,187)
Total taxes on income
1,011
$
1,595
$
(507)
F - 29
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
A reconciliation of the theoretical tax benefit and actual taxes on income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 is set forth
below:
December 31,
2019
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Loss before taxes on income
27,108
$
33,811
$
37,433
Statutory tax rate in Israel
23%
23%
23%
Theoretical tax benefit
6,235
7,777
8,610
Increase in income tax expense resulting from:
Effect of different tax rates applicable in foreign jurisdictions
(157)
(128)
(58)
Operating losses and other temporary differences for which
valuation allowance was provided
(4,972)
(5,784)
(6,838)
Permanent differences
(2,162)
(3,017)
(1,132)
Uncertain tax position
(158)
(336)
(385)
Other
203
(107)
310
Actual taxes on income
(1,011)
$
(1,595)
$
507
Uncertain tax positions
Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s tax positions and determining its provision for income taxes. During the ordinary
course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company establishes
reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. These reserves are
established when the Company believes that certain positions might be challenged despite its belief that its tax return positions are fully
supportable. The Company adjusts these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of a tax audit or changes in
the tax law. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reserves that are considered appropriate.
Year ended
December 31,
2019
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
512
$
670
$
1,006
Additions for tax positions related to the current year
158
336
385
Balance at end of year
670
$
1,006
$
1,391
The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S., Israel and certain other foreign jurisdictions. The Company files income tax returns in
various jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations. Tax returns of the U.S. subsidiary submitted in the United States through 2017 tax
year are considered to be final following the completion of an Internal Revenue Service examination. Tax returns of the Israel entity submitted
in Israel through the 2016 tax year are considered to be final following the completion of an Israeli Tax Authorities examination. The
expiration of the statute of limitations related to the various other foreign and state income tax returns that the Company and its subsidiaries
file vary by state and foreign jurisdiction.
Although the Company believes that it has adequately provided for any reasonably foreseeable outcomes related to tax audits and settlement,
there is no assurance that the final tax outcome of its tax audits will not be different from that which is reflected in the Company's income tax
provisions. Such differences could have a material effect on the Company's income tax provision, cash flow from operating activities and net
income in the period in which such determination is made.
F - 30
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
c.
Basis of taxation
Company incorporated in the U.S. — tax rate of 21%.
Company incorporated in Germany — tax rate of 33%.
Company incorporated in UK — tax rate of 19%.
Company incorporated in France — tax rate of 33%.
Tax rates in Israel
Company incorporated in Israel — tax rate of 23%.
Tax benefits in Israel
Under Israel law, including Amendment No. 60 to the Israel law, the Company may be entitled to various tax benefits such as “approved
enterprise” or “benefited enterprise” status, subject to meeting certain conditions, including generating taxable income. As of December 31,
2021, the Company does not anticipate taxable income in the foreseeable future.
The main potential tax benefits available are the following:
1)
In respect of income derived from the benefited enterprises, the Company is entitled to tax exempt during a period of two years from
the year in which the Company first earns taxable income (limited to twelve years from the commencement date).
2)
In the event of distribution of a cash dividend from income which was tax exempt as above, the Company would have to pay 25% tax
in respect of the amount distributed.
3)
Entitlement to the above benefits is conditioned upon the Company’s fulfilling the conditions stipulated by the above law, regulations
published thereunder and the certificate of approval for the specific investments in approved enterprises or benefited enterprises. In the
event of failure to comply with these conditions, the benefits may be cancelled, and the Company may be required to refund the
amount of the benefits, in whole or in part, with the addition of linkage differences to the Israeli CPI and interest.
Israel tax loss carryforwards
Accumulated losses for tax purposes as of December 31, 2021 amounted to approximately $110 million and were generated in Israel. These
losses may be carried forward and offset against taxable income in the future for an indefinite period. A full valuation allowance was created
against the Company’s deferred tax assets generated in Israel, consisting mostly of net operating loss carryovers. Management currently
believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred taxes generated in Israel will not be realized in the foreseeable future.
F - 31
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 12:
FINANCIAL INCOME (EXPENSES), NET
Year ended December 31,
2019
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Hedging instrument gain (loss), net
$
366
$
86
$
(80)
Bank charges
(153)
(175)
(261)
Exchange rate loss, net
(1,175)
(49)
(853)
Interest income (expense), net
878
347
401
Amortization of premium on marketable securities
-
(95)
(308)
Other, net
(1)
-
(3)
Total financial income (expenses), net
$
(85)
$
114
$
(1,104)
NOTE 13:
ENTITY WIDE DISCLOSURES
ASC 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments. The Company manages its business
based on one operating segment and derives revenues from licensing of software, sales of hardware, providing maintenance and technical support
and sales of professional services.
The following is a summary of revenues within geographic areas:
Year ended December 31,
2019
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Geography:
Americas:
United States
55,991
$
53,334
$
55,936
Other
857
1,311
972
56,848
54,645
56,908
Israel
1,654
1,493
1,681
EMEA (excluding Germany and Israel)
27,102
27,073
30,997
Germany
12,147
11,548
14,302
APAC
5,519
6,075
7,061
Total
103,270
$
100,834
$
110,949
Revenues are attributed to geographic areas based on the location of customer.
As of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, each of the following customers comprised more than 10% of the Company’s revenue:
December 31,
2019
2020
2021
Customer A
15%
15%
15%
Customer B
9%
10%
12%
F - 32
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Disaggregation of Revenue
The Company generates revenue from the sale of software products, hardware products, maintenance and support, and professional services. All
revenue recognized in the consolidated statement of operations is considered to be revenue from contracts with customers. The following table sets
for the disaggregated revenue by revenue type and is consistent with how the Company evaluates its performance obligations:
Year ended December 31,
2019
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Revenues:
Software products
$
44,618 $
35,898 $
42,936
Hardware products
2,747
2,792
3,657
Support and maintenance
46,019
50,794
53,975
Professional services
9,886
11,350
10,381
Total revenues
$
103,270 $
100,834 $
110,949
Property and equipment, net by geographical area were as follows as of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021:
December 31,
2019
2020
2021
(U.S. $ in thousands)
Americas (primarily the United States)
959 $
1,125 $
1,093
EMEA
123
108
158
Israel
3,095
3,269
3,756
4,177 $
4,502 $
5,007
F - 33
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14:
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Legal Proceedings
The Company, along with its directors and officers (the “Individual Defendants”) at the time of its initial public offering (“IPO”) were named as
defendants in four putative shareholder class action lawsuits filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York on (1) February 26, 2020,
captioned Matt Primozich v. Tufin Software Technologies Ltd., et al., Index No. 651287/2020 (Sup. Ct. N.Y. Cnty.) (“Primozich Action”), (2) May
28, 2020, captioned Allen v. Tufin Software Technologies Ltd., et al., Index No. 652118/2020 (Sup. Ct. N.Y. Cnty.) (“Allen Action”), (3)June 15,
2020, captioned Avi Shmuely v. Tufin Software Technologies Ltd., et al., Index No. 652475/2020 (Sup. Ct. N.Y. Cnty.) (“Shmuely Action”), and (4)
July 1, 2020 captioned Michael Roche v.Tufin Software Technologies Ltd., et al., Index No. 652833/2020 (Sup. Ct. N.Y. Cnty.) (“Roche Action”,
and with the Primozich Action, Allen Action, and Shmuely Action, the “Tufin State Actions”). In addition to naming the Company and the
Individual Defendants as defendants, the Roche Action names the underwriters in the IPO as defendants (“IPO Underwriter Defendants”). On
November 17, 2020, plaintiffs in the Primozich Action and Allen Action filed amended complaints.
In the Tufin State Actions, the plaintiffs, seeking to represent a class of all purchasers and acquirers of the Company’s ordinary shares issued in
connection with the Company’s April 2019 IPO, allege that the (1) the defendants made material misstatements or failed to disclose material
information in the IPO Offering Documents, thereby allegedly violating Section 11 of the Securities Act and (2) the Individual Defendants were
“control persons” of the Company by virtue of their positions, and thereby are allegedly liable under Section 15 of the Securities Act. The Roche
Action also asserted a claim under Section 12(a)(2) of the Securities Act alleging that defendants issued, caused to be issued, and/or signed the IPO
Offering Documents in connection with issuance of stock to shareholders in the IPO. On August 5, 2021, the state court entered an order
consolidating the Tufin State Actions and appointing lead plaintiffs and class counsel. On August 16, 2021, these lead plaintiffs filed a consolidated
amended complaint, which asserts claims under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act and names only Tufin and the Individual Defendants as
defendants. On September 15, 2021, the defendants filed a motion to stay the Tufin State Actions pending resolution of the parallel federal action
discussed below. The motion also requested, in the alternative, that the court enter an order holding the PSLRA’s mandatory stay of discovery
applies or staying discovery as a discretionary matter pending resolution of motions to dismiss in both the federal and state court actions. The
motion was fully briefed as of November 3, 2021. The parties also filed a stipulation extending the defendants’ deadline to respond to the
consolidated amended complaint until 45 days after a decision resolving the motion to stay. On December 8, 2021, the court entered an order
staying the Tufin State Actions pending resolution of the motion to dismiss pending in the parallel federal action. As discussed below, the federal
court issued a decision on the motion to dismiss on February 25, 2022. On March 3, 2022, the state court entered an order lifting the stay.
Two federal class actions were also filed in the Southern District of New York: (1) the matter captioned Matthew Ellison v. Tufin Software
Technologies Ltd. et al., Case No. 1:20-cv-05646 (S.D.N.Y.) was filed on July 21, 2020 and names the Company, the Individual Defendants, the
IPO Underwriter Defendants, and certain underwriters in the secondary public offering (“SPO Underwriter Defendants”) as defendants (“Ellison
Action”) and (2) the matter captioned Michaelson v. Tufin Software Technologies Ltd. et al., Case No. 1: 20-cv-06290 (S.D.N.Y.) was filed on
August 10, 2020 and names the Company and the Individual Defendants as defendants (“Michaelson Action” and with the Ellison Action, the
“Tufin Federal Actions”). The Tufin Federal Actions were brought on behalf of all persons or entities, who purchased stock in the Company’s April
2019 IPO and/or December 2019 secondary public offering (“SPO”), pursuant to and/or traceable to the alleged misleading IPO Offering
Documents or SPO Offering Documents, and assert violations of Sections 11 and 12(a)(2) (against all defendants) and Section 15 (against
Individual Defendants) of the Securities Act. On October 19, 2020, the New York federal court entered an order consolidating the Tufin Federal
Actions under Master File No. 1:20-cv-05646, appointing Mark Henry as lead plaintiff, and approving Henry’s selection of lead counsel. On
February 4, 2021, lead plaintiff filed a Consolidated Amended Complaint, which asserts only claims for violations of Sections 11 and 15 of the
Securities Act of 1933, based on alleged false or misleading statements or omissions only in the Registration Statement issued in connection with
the Company’s April 2019 IPO. The Consolidated Amended Complaint names only us and the Individual Defendants as defendants. The defendants
moved to dismiss the Tufin Federal Actions in their entirety, which motion was fully briefed on August 25, 2021. On February 25, 2022, the court
partially granted and partially denied the motion to dismiss, dismissing the claims based on all but two of the alleged misstatements. The court also
granted the plaintiffs leave to replead the dismissed claims. Any amended complaint is due by March 31, 2022.
The Company is also subject to certain indemnification obligations with respect to the Individual Defendants, IPO Underwriter Defendants, and the
SPO Underwriter Defendants, in connection with the Tufin State Actions and Tufin Federal Actions.
Based on information currently available and the current stage of the litigation, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate a possible loss or
range of possible losses, if any, with regard to the Tufin State Action and Tufin Federal Actions; therefore, no estimated liability has been recorded
in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2021. The Company will continue to evaluate information as it becomes known
and will record an estimate for losses at the time or times if and when it is probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of the loss is
reasonably estimable.
F - 34
ITEM 19.
EXHIBITS
The following documents are filed as part of this annual report:
1.1
Amended Articles of Association of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on
Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 2, 2021)
2.5
Description of Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 2.5 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the
SEC on March 2, 2021)
4.1
Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, dated March 6, 2019, by and among the Registrant and the other parties
thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1, as amended (Registration
No. 333-230109))
4.2
Form of Letter of Indemnification (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-
1, as amended (Registration No. 333-230109))
4.3
Office Lease Agreement, dated July 2, 2018, by and between the Registrant and Amot Investment Ltd. and Bayside Land
Corporation Ltd, and amendments thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on
Form F-1, as amended (Registration No. 333-230109))
4.4∞
Office Lease Agreement, dated September 18, 2007, by and between the Registrant and Mazal and Bracha (1970) Ltd, and
amendments thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1, as amended
(Registration No. 333-230109))
4.5
Office Lease Agreement, dated August 22, 2017, by and between Tufin Software North America, Inc. and NS Two Oliver LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1, as amended (Registration No.
333-230109))
4.6
Office Lease Agreement, dated August 28, 2019, by and between Tufin Software North America, Inc. and MP Franklin Burnham
Co LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1, as amended
(Registration No. 333-235325))
4.7
Commencement Agreement, dated December 18, 2017, by and between Tufin Software North America, Inc. and NS Two Oliver
LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1, as amended (Registration
No. 333-230109))
4.8+
2007 Israeli Share Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1, as
amended (Registration No. 333-230109))
4.9+
Global Addendum (Non-Israeli and Non-U.S. Taxpayers) to the 2007 Israeli Share Option Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1, as amended (Registration No. 333-230109))
4.10+
2008 U.S. Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1, as
amended (Registration No. 333-230109))
4.11+
2018 Equity-Based Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-
1, as amended (Registration No. 333-230109))
4.12+
2019 Equity-Based Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-
1, as amended (Registration No. 333-230109))
4.13
Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated September 27, 2018, by and among the Registrant, Silicon Valley
Bank, and Tufin Software North America, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant’s Registration
Statement on Form F-1, as amended (Registration No. 333-230109))
4.14*+
Compensation Policy (as amended)
98
8.1
List of subsidiaries of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 2, 2021)
12.1*
Certification pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of the Principal Executive Officer
12.2*
Certification pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of the Principal Financial Officer
13.1**
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of the
Principal Executive Officer
13.2**
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of the
Principal Financial Officer
15.1*
Consent of Kesselman & Kesselman, a member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited
101.INS*
Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
*
Filed herewith.
**
Furnished herewith.
∞
English summary of original Hebrew document.
+ Management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
99
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to
sign this annual report on its behalf.
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
By:
/s/ Reuven Kitov
Name:
Reuven Kitov
Title:
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
By:
/s/ Jack Wakileh
Name:
Jack Wakileh
Title:
Chief Financial Officer
Date: March 7, 2022
Exhibit 4.14
COMPENSATION POLICY
TUFIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
Compensation Policy for Executive Officers (including Directors)
Table of Contents
A.
Overview and Objectives
A - 3
B.
Base Salary and Benefits
A - 5
C.
Cash Bonuses (Excluding Directors)
A - 7
D.
Equity-Based Compensation
A -
10
E.
Retirement and Termination of Service Arrangements (Excluding Directors)
A -
12
F.
Exemption, Indemnification and Insurance
A -
12
G.
Arrangements upon Change of Control
A - 13
H.
Board of Directors Compensation
A -
13
I.
Miscellaneous
A -
14
A - 2
A. Overview and Objectives
1. Introduction
This document sets forth the compensation policy for executive officers (this "Compensation Policy" or "Policy") of Tufin Software Technologies Ltd.
("Tufin" or the "Company" and "Executive Officers", accordingly), in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Law 5759-1999 (the
"Companies Law").
Compensation is a key component of Tufin’s overall human capital strategy to attract, retain, reward, and motivate highly skilled individuals that will
enhance Tufin’s value and otherwise assist Tufin to reach its business and financial short and long-term goals. Accordingly, this Policy was established to
tie the compensation of each Executive Officer to Tufin’s goals and performance.
For purposes of this Policy, "Executive Officers" shall mean "Office Holders" as such term is defined in Section 1 of the Companies Law.
This Compensation Policy shall apply to compensation agreements and arrangements that are approved after the date on which this Compensation Policy is
approved by the general meeting of Tufin’s shareholders and shall serve as Tufin’s Compensation Policy for the maximum period permitted by any
applicable law. This Compensation Policy will not, and is not intended to, apply to or be deemed to amend employment and/or compensation terms of
Executive Officers that were duly approved prior to its effective date. The Compensation Committee (upon its appointment in accordance with applicable
law) and the Board of Directors of Tufin (the "Compensation Committee" and "Board", respectively) shall administer, review and reassess the adequacy
of this Policy from time to time, as required by the Companies Law. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Policy and any mandatory provisions of
applicable law, and in addition to the Board's powers provided elsewhere in this Policy and by the Companies Law, the Board shall have full authority in its
discretion, from time to time and at any time, to (i) interpret this Policy; (ii) prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to and for carrying
out this Policy, as it may deem appropriate; and (iii) and any other matter which it determined to be necessary or desirable for, or incidental to, the
administration of this Policy and any determination made pursuant thereto.
It should be clarified, that wherever reference is made to the required approvals in this Compensation Policy, such reference relates to the applicable law as
of the date of approval of this Compensation Policy and in any case is subject to the provisions of Sections 33 and 35 below.
Each of the Executive Officers may be engaged as employee and/or as an independent service provider (including through a company controlled by him,
against the issuance of a tax invoice to the Company), provided that if the Executive Officers is engaged as an independent service provider the total
amount paid to him (including, but not limited to, value added tax) shall not exceed the maximum amounts paid to Executive Officers who are engaged as
employees as specified in this Policy.
This Policy shall not apply to any subsidiaries of the Company except for an employee of a Company subsidiary who is also an Executive Officer of the
Company.
2. Objectives
Tufin’s objective in adopting this Compensation Policy is to foster a merit- and performance-based culture in order to attract, motivate and retain highly
qualified personnel that enhances short-term and long-term shareholder value while adhering to Tufin’s core values. To that end, this Policy is designed,
among other things:
2.1.
to closely align the interests of the Executive Officers with those of Tufin’s shareholders with a view to enhancing shareholder value;
A - 3
2.2.
to provide the Executive Officers with a structured compensation package, while creating a balance between fixed components (i.e., base salary
and social benefits) and variable components (i.e. bonuses and equity-based compensation) in order to minimize potential conflicts between the
interests of Executive Officers and Tufin;
2.3.
to discourage excessive risk taking in advancing Tufin’s business; and
2.4.
to strengthen retention and the motivation of Executive Officers in the short and long term.
This Compensation Policy was prepared taking into account the Company’s nature, size and business and financial characteristics.
3. Compensation structure and instruments
Compensation instruments under this Compensation Policy may include the following:
•
base salary;
•
benefits and perquisites;
•
cash bonuses (short-to-medium term incentive);
•
equity based compensation (medium-to-long term incentive);
•
retirement and termination of service arrangements payments; and
•
change of control arrangements.
For the purpose of this Compensation Policy:
"Base Salary" shall mean gross salary, before contributions to social benefits; and
"Employment Cost" shall mean any payment for employment, including contributions to social benefits, car and expenses of the use thereof, bonuses and
any other benefit or payment.
4. Overall Compensation
4.1.
General
In setting the compensation of an Executive Officer, the Compensation Committee and the Board shall consider, among other things, the following factors:
•
the education, qualifications, professional experience, seniority and accomplishments of the Executive Officer; and
•
the Executive Officer’s position, responsibilities and prior compensation arrangements.
In setting the compensation of an Executive Officer, the Compensation Committee and the Board may also consider, among other things, the following
factors:
•
the Executive Officer’s expected contribution to the Company’s future growth, profitability and stability;
•
the degree of responsibility imposed on the Executive Officer;
•
the need to retain Executive Officers who have relevant skills, know-how or unique expertise;
•
accounting and tax considerations and implications;
A - 4
•
the Company's financial status;
•
data of other companies (including U.S.-based companies), including companies in comparable industries and/or geographic markets, and compensation
for comparably situated executives; and
•
any requirements prescribed by the Companies Law, U.S. securities laws and NYSE rules from time to time.
The Compensation Committee and Board may engage compensation advisors and other professionals to assist in formulating compensation packages in
line with this Policy, including, without limitation, to assist in preparing, collecting and analyzing applicable compensation and benefit surveys and other
relevant data; framing the appropriate parameters to be considered; and evaluating the different parameters.
4.2.
Ratio Between Fixed and Variable Compensation
This Policy aims to balance the mix of "fixed compensation", comprised of base salary and benefits ("Fixed Compensation") and "variable compensation",
comprised of cash bonuses and equity based compensation1 (including but not limited to adjustment period/retirement bonuses, granted in accordance with
Section 20 below) ("Variable Compensation") in order to, among other things, appropriately incentivize Executive Officers to meet Tufin’s short and long
term goals while taking into consideration the Company’s need to manage a variety of business risks.
The total Variable Compensation of each Executive Officer shall not exceed 95% of the total compensation package of an Executive Officer on an annual
basis. The Board believes that such limit reflects the appropriate compensation mix in the event that all performance objectives are achieved and assumes
that all compensation elements are awarded with respect to a given year.
It should be clarified that the Fixed Compensation may constitute 100% of the total compensation package for an Executive Officer in any year (under
circumstances in which a variable component is not approved for that year and/or in the event of a failure to meet previously established goals, if and when
determined).
5. Intra-Company Compensation Ratio
In drafting this Policy, Tufin’s Board has considered the ratio between employer cost, as such term is defined in the Companies Law, associated with the
engagement of the Executive Officers and the average and median employer cost associated with the engagement of the other employees (including those
employed through manpower companies) of Tufin (the "Ratio"). The Board believes that the current Ratio does not adversely impact the work environment in
Tufin.
B. Base Salary and Benefits (Excluding Directors)
6. Base Salary
6.1.
Base Salary varies among Executive Officers, is individually determined by the Company and may be reviewed and adjusted by the Company on
a periodic basis at its sole discretion. When determining Base Salary, the Company may also consider, at its sole discretion, prevailing pay levels
in the relevant market, Base Salary and the total compensation package of comparable Executive Officers in the Company, the ratio between the
Executive Officer’s compensation package and the compensation of other employees in the Company and specifically the median and average
salaries and the effect of such ratios on working relations at the Company.
1
Determined according to acceptable valuation practices at the time of grant.
A - 5
6.2.
Base Salary shall not exceed the amount specified in the table below:
The Executive
Officer
Maximum Base
Salary
CEO
$600,000
CTO
$350,000
Other Executive Officers (excluding directors)
$350,000
The Company may link the Base Salary of an Executive Officer to the Israeli Consumer Index or to the exchange rate of any currency.
The exchange rate of US dollar to NIS will be the representative rate of exchange determined by the Bank of Israel as of the date of approval
of the compensation of the relevant Executive Officer by the Company’s board of directors.
Since the Executive Officers hold senior management positions, as defined in the Hours of Work and Rest Law, 5711-1951, this law shall not
apply to the terms of their office, and they shall not be entitled to any form of compensation for overtime or for working during weekly rest
periods.
The maximum Base Salary set forth in this section is based on the Executive Officer’s full-time position. With respect to an Executive Officer
employed by the Company on a part-time basis, the Base Salary maximum will be reduced proportionately, with the Board having the
authority to determine the scope of the position of the Executive Officer and change it from time to time.
7. Benefits
7.1.
In addition to the Base Salary, the following benefits may be granted to the Executive Officer in order to, among other things, comply with legal
requirements:
•
paid vacation days in accordance with market practice and applicable law, up to a cap of 45 days per annum, including, if applicable, the
redemption thereof;
•
sick days in accordance with market practice and applicable law; however, the Company may decide to cover sick days from the first day;
•
convalescence pay;
•
medical insurance;
•
severance pay;
•
with respect to Executive Officers employed in Israel: monthly remuneration for a study fund ("Keren Hishtalmut"), as allowed by
applicable tax law and with reference to Tufin’s practice and common market practice;
•
employer contribution to an insurance policy or a pension fund for severance and pension in accordance with market practice and applicable
law (including, payment of such contribution or any portion thereof, directly to the Executive Officer);
A - 6
•
employer contribution towards work disability insurance in accordance with market practice and applicable law; and
•
holiday and special occasion gifts.
The above list is non-exclusive, and subject to receiving any approvals that are required under applicable law, Tufin may grant its Executive
Officers other similar, comparable or customary benefits. In addition, Executive Officers employed outside of Israel may receive other similar
or comparable benefits that are customary in the jurisdiction in which they are employed.
7.2.
The Company may offer additional benefits to its Executive Officers, including but not limited to: telecommunication and electronic devices and
communication expenses, company car and travel benefits, newspaper subscriptions, periodic medical examinations, holiday and special
occasion gifts, academic and professional studies. For the avoidance of doubt, the grant of registration rights to an Executive Officer shall not be
deemed an employment benefit for any purpose.
7.3.
The Company may reimburse its Executive Officers for reasonable work-related expenses incurred as part of their activities, including without
limitations, meeting participation expenses, reimbursement of business travel, including a daily stipend when traveling and accommodation
expenses. The Company may provide advance payments to its Executive Officers in connection with work-related expenses.
7.4.
The total amount of the benefits to an Executive Officer shall not exceed % of the Executive Officer’s Base Salary.
8. Signing Bonus
Tufin may grant a newly recruited Executive Officer a signing bonus. Such bonus may be granted in cash, equity or a combination of both (in addition to a
cash bonus that can be granted under Chapter C and in addition to equity that can be granted under Chapter D). The signing bonus will not exceed:
8.1.
100% of such Executive Officer’s annual Base Salary, if the signing bonus is granted in cash;
8.2.
(i) $5 million maximum fair value for the Chief Executive Officer and (ii) $1.5 million maximum fair value for other Executive Officers, if the
signing bonus is granted in equity, in each case determined according to acceptable valuation practices at the time of grant;
8.3.
In case the signing bonus is a combination of cash and equity, its ceiling shall be proportional to the cash and equity components, calculated in
accordance with the ratios mentioned in Sections 8.1 and 8.2 above.
To the extent possible under the circumstances of each case, the Compensation Committee and the Board shall consider awarding a signing bonus only to
provide for the replacement awards that the newly hired Executive Officer forfeited from his or her previous employer, and to the extent possible shall
structure such signing bonus to reflect performance, vesting and other conditions equivalent to the forfeited awards; provided however that such bonus shall
not be greater than the amounts specified in Sections 8.1 and 8.2 above.
9. Reimbursement for Relocation
Tufin may reimburse an Executive Officer for relocation and related expenses in an amount not to exceed $500,000 for each relocation.
C. Cash Bonuses (Excluding Directors)
The Company may grant cash bonuses to its Executive Officers (excluding directors) quarterly, annually or on a shorter or longer basis, in accordance with the
principles detailed below.
A - 7
10.Annual Bonuses
10.1.
The annual bonus that may be paid for any fiscal year to the CEO shall not exceed twenty-four (24) monthly Base Salaries for all Executive
Officers.
10.2.
Bonus Criteria
The annual bonus will be based mainly on measurable criteria (referring to Company and/or individual performance measures), and a non-
material portion of the annual bonus shall be determined at the discretion of the Compensation Committee and the Board, in accordance with the
following metrics:
Position
Company/Individual
Performance
Measures
Company’s Discretion
CEO
up to 100%
not to exceed the higher of: (i) three
monthly salaries; or (ii) 25% of the
annual variable compensation.
The measurable criteria, target level of achievement and maximum level of achievement, and their relative weight shall be determined (and
brought to the attention of the Executive Officers when determined prior to the relevant year or in the beginning of such year (i.e., by March 31
of each year).
In addition, to be eligible for an annual bonus, the Executive Officer must be actively employed by the Company or one of its subsidiaries
during the relevant year to which the bonus relates, which condition may be subject to additional limitations, which may include being
employed for a minimum period of time during the relevant year or through a certain date.
During a specific year, the Compensation Committee may change the measurable criteria and their relative weight for that year, insofar as
exceptional events occur that warrant such a change taking into account: (i) the date of the update; (ii) the balance of the period until the end of
the year; (iii) the expectation of the Executive Officers who are affected by the update of the criteria; and (iv) the need for effective new criteria
that create an incentive for the Executive Officers.
Examples of measurable criteria that will be considered include, without limitation:
•
financial results (e.g., collections, revenues, pre-tax profits);
•
sales and marketing objectives;
•
cost savings;
•
internal and external customer satisfaction;
•
success in raising capital and/or debt;
•
meeting the Company’s budget;
•
number of customers; and
•
other key performance indicators.
A - 8
Examples of non-measurable criteria that will be considered include, without limitation:
•
contribution to the Company’s business, profitability and stability;
•
the need to retain an Executive Officer with skills, know-how or unique expertise;
•
the responsibility imposed on the Executive Officer;
•
changes that occurred in the responsibility imposed on the Executive Officer during the year;
•
performance satisfaction, including assessing the degree of involvement of the Executive Officer and devotion of efforts in the performance of
his or her duties;
•
assessment of the Executive Officer’s ability to work in coordination and cooperation with other employees; and
•
the contribution to an appropriate control environment and ethical environment.
The bonus for meeting the objectives that an Executive Officer has met, shall be calculated by multiplying: (i) the weighting of such objective
by (ii) the bonus amount.
An Executive Officer will be entitled to a bonus on a pro rata basis for partial compliance of at least 80% of the objective set for such Executive
Officer, unless otherwise determined by the Board and the compensation committee.
Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 10.2 above, the annual bonus to Executive Officers which are not the CEO may be based in whole or
in part on discretion (including based on the CEO's opinion on the contribution of the Executive Officer to the Company), provided that it does
not exceed the ceiling specified in Section 10.1 above.
11.Special Bonuses
In addition to the annual bonus, Tufin may award an Executive Officer a special bonus based on the achievement by the Company or the Executive Officer
of specific goals or the occurrence of specific corporate events (such as private or public offerings, mergers and acquisitions or specific projects, achieving
target budget or business plan under exceptional circumstances or for special recognition in the case of retirement). A special bonus shall not exceed twelve
(12) monthly Base Salaries. A Special Bonus together with an Annual Bonus shall not exceed thirty six (36) monthly Base Salaries
Additional Provisions Relating to Cash Bonuses
11.1.
Pro Rata Payment
Should the employment or service of the Executive Officer terminate prior to the end of a fiscal year, Tufin may, in its discretion, and to the
extent not already required under the terms of the Executive Officer’s employment agreement, pay the Executive Officer his or her pro-rata
share of that fiscal year’s bonus, based on: (i) whether or not the objectives for that calendar year were achieved; and (ii) the period such
Executive Officer was employed by the Company or has served in the Company.
11.2.
Compensation Recovery ("Clawback")
11.2.2.
The terms of employment of each Executive Officer shall entitle the Company to recover from such Executive Officer any
compensation, including equity-based compensation, in the amount by which such compensation exceeded what would have
been paid under the financial statements as restated ("Compensation Recovery"), provided that a claim is made by Tufin prior
to the third (3rd) anniversary of the fiscal year end of the restated financial statements.
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11.2.3.
Notwithstanding the aforesaid, the Compensation Recovery will not be triggered in the following events:
• The financial restatement is required due to changes in applicable financial reporting standards; or
• The Company (subject to any required approval by the applicable law) has determined that clawback proceedings in the
specific case would be impossible, impractical or not commercially or legally efficient.
11.3.
Reduction or Postponement
In the event of the termination of office of an Executive Officer under circumstances in which he or she will not be entitled to severance pay, the
Company (subject to the approvals of the Compensation Committee and the Board) may revoke the entitlement of such an Executive Officer to
an annual bonus and to all parts of the annual bonus which have not yet been paid to him.
11.4.
Timing of Payment
Annual bonuses will be paid to Executive Officers in respect of each calendar year of the employment period no later than the date of payment
of the first salary after the date of approval by the Board of the Company’s annual audited financial statements.
Unless a personal employment agreement explicitly determines otherwise, any payment that is made to the Executive Officer on account of
variable compensation according to this Compensation Policy, if paid, is not and will not be deemed as part of the Executive Officer’s base
salary for all intents and purposes and will not constitute a basis for calculation or for entitlement or for accrual of any related right, including,
and without derogating from the generality of the aforesaid, not as a component included in the payment of leave, severance pay, contributions
to the provident funds etc.
11.5.
Taxation
Insofar as any tax liability or other mandatory payment shall be levied on the variable compensation (national insurance, national health tax
etc.), the Executive Officer shall bear all such taxes pursuant to law (insofar as it shall apply to the Executive Officer pursuant to law).
D. Equity Compensation
12.General and Objectives
12.1.
The Company may grant from time to time equity-based compensation which will be individually determined and awarded, among other things,
based on the performance, educational background, prior business experience, qualifications, role and the personal responsibilities of the
Executive Officer. Equity-based compensation may also be awarded to the Company’s directors provided that any director that is also employed
by the Company shall not receive any additional equity compensation in his or her capacity as a director.
12.2.
The primary objective of equity-based compensation is to enhance the alignment between the interests of the Executive Officers and those of
Tufin and its shareholders, and to retain and motivate the Executive Officers. In addition, since equity-based awards are structured to vest over
several years, their incentive value to recipients is aligned with medium and longer-term strategic plans.
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12.3.
The equity-based compensation offered by Tufin is intended to be in a form of stock options exercisable for shares of Company common stock,
restricted shares or restricted share units (“RSUs”), performance share units and/or other equity-based awards in accordance with the Company’s
2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time, and under such other equity incentive plans for service providers of the Company or
its Affiliates that the Company may adopt from time to time.
13.Fair Market Value
The fair market value of equity compensation for each Executive Officer granted during a calendar year shall not exceed 20X his or her annual Base Salary,
determined according to acceptable valuation practices at the time of grant.
14.Taxation Regime
Subject to any applicable law, Tufin may determine, the tax regime under which equity-based compensation may be granted, including a tax regime which
will maximize the benefit to the Executive Officers.
15.Exercise Period
The exercise price for a stock option awarded to an Israeli-resident Executive Officer who is not a United States taxpayer shall equal the average price of
the Company’s closing share price over the thirty (30) consecutive trading days on the stock exchange or quotation system on which the Company's shares
are traded prior to the grant date of the stock options. If the Company's shares are traded on more than one stock exchange and/or quotation system, the
Company shall determine the relevant stock exchange or quotation system for these purposes. The fair market value for a stock option awarded to a non-
Israeli-resident Executive Officer shall equal the closing price of the Company’s shares on the date of grant.
Unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee, and subject to the provisions of any applicable law, restricted shares and RSUs are not
exercised, but rather shares become issued to the holder upon vesting or settlement of the award, as applicable, except to the extent that the holder is
required to pay the par value of any underlying shares. In addition, it shall be clarified, that the vesting of restricted shares and RSUs may be subject to the
achievement of goals set in advance and approved in accordance with the applicable law.
Stock options may be exercised on a "cashless" basis.
The Board considered the possibility of determining a ceiling for the exercise value of the variable equity components and decided, taking into account the
purpose of the equity-based compensation, not to set such a ceiling in this Policy.
16.Vesting
17.All equity-based incentives granted to the Executive Officers shall be subject to vesting periods in order to promote long-term retention of such recipients.
Grants to Executive Officers (excluding directors) shall vest gradually over a period of no less than three (3) years and no more than four (4) years, while
grants to newly appointed directors shall vest over a period of no less than three (3) years and currently serving directors no less than one (1) year. Such
grants may be vested on a quarterly, semi-annual or an annual basis, or based on other time periods (which may not be necessarily equal), as determined by
the Company. The Company may condition the vesting of part or all of the equity-based incentives, for some or all of its Executive Officers, upon the
achievement of predetermined performance goals. The Company (subject to the abovementioned required approvals) may also set terms relating to vesting in
connection with an Executive Officer leaving the Company (due to a dismissal, resignation, death or disability). For details regarding ceilings with respect to
director’s equity-based compensation see section 29 below.
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18.General
All other terms of the equity awards shall be in accordance with Tufin’s incentive plans and other related practices and policies. Accordingly, the Company
may extend the period of time for which an award is to remain exercisable and make provisions with respect to the acceleration of the vesting period of any
Executive Officer’s awards, including, without limitation, in connection with a corporate transaction involving a change of control, subject to any additional
approval as may be required by applicable law. The Committee may amend other terms of an Executive Officer’s grant to the extent provided in the
applicable equity incentive plan.
E. Retirement and Termination of Service Arrangements (Excluding Directors)
19.Advanced Notice Period
19.1.
Tufin may provide each Executive Officer (excluding directors), pursuant to an Executive Officer’s employment agreement advance notice of
termination of up to twelve (12) months (the "Advance Notice Period"). During the Advance Notice Period, the Executive Officer shall
continue to be entitled to all compensation elements, and to the continuation of vesting of equity awards.
19.2.
During the Advance Notice Period, an Executive Officer will be required to keep performing his/her duties pursuant to his or her agreement with
the Company, unless the Company waives such performance and pays the amount of compensation payable during such Advance Notice Period
in lieu of notice.
20.Adjustment Period/Retirement Bonus
In addition to the Advance Notice Period, the Company may provide an adjustment period/retirement payment that will be determined by, among other
things, taking into consideration the Executive Officer’s seniority in the Company, his or her performance during employment, his or her contribution to
Tufin achieving its goals and the circumstances of the Executive Officer’s retirement or termination. The maximum adjustment period/retirement payment
that may be paid to each Executive Officer shall be up to twelve (12) monthly Base Salaries and may only be granted to Executive Officers who have
served in the Company for at least twelve (12) months.
21.Additional Retirement and Termination Benefits
Tufin may provide additional retirement and terminations benefits and payments: (i) as may be required by applicable law (e.g., mandatory severance pay
under Israeli labor laws- unless employment/term of service was terminated for cause); or (ii) which will be comparable to customary market practices,
provided however that they shall not exceed twenty four (24) monthly Base Salaries (inclusive of any advance notice period).
F. Exemption, Indemnification and Insurance
22.Exemption
Tufin may exempt, either in advance and/or retroactively, its Executive Officers from any liability to the Company, in whole or in part, for damages in
consequence of his or her duty of care vis- a-vis the Company, to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to the provisions of the Company’s Articles
of Association.
23.Indemnification
Tufin may indemnify its Executive Officers to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and the Company’s Articles of Association, for any liability
and expense that may be imposed on the Executive Officer, as provided in the Indemnity Agreement between such individuals and Tufin, all subject to
applicable law and the Company’s Articles of Association.
24.Insurance
24.1.
Tufin may provide "Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance" (the "Insurance Policy"), as well as a "run off" insurance policy for its
Executive Officers.
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G. Arrangements upon Change of Control
25.Upon a "Change of Control" (as defined in the relevant agreement with each Executive Officer) following which the employment of the Executive Officer is
terminated, the following benefits may be granted to the Executive Officers in addition to the benefits applicable in the case of any retirement or termination
of service:
25.1.
accelerated vesting of equity awards;
25.2.
extension of the exercise period of equity awards for a period of up to twenty-four (24) months following the date of termination of employment
to the extent it complies with applicable law;
25.3.
extension of the Advance Notice Period set forth in section 19.1 above by up to nine (9) additional months; and
25.4.
an adjustment period/retirement bonus in accordance with section 20 above, of up to twelve (12) months of Employment Cost.
The total Advance Notice Period and adjustment period/retirement bonus shall not exceed twenty four (24) monthly Base Salaries.
H. Board of Directors Compensation
26.The compensation of the Company’s directors (including external directors and independent directors) shall not exceed the following:
26.1.
Base payment of $35,000 per year (the "Base Payment");
26.2.
Chairman of the Board- an additional amount of $35,000 per year to the Base Payment;
26.3.
Committee Chairman- an additional amount of $20,000 per year to the Base Payment;
26.4.
Committee member- an additional amount of $10,000 per year to the Base Payment;
27.In addition, the Company may engage with its directors (excluding external and independent directors) for the receipt of consulting services and/or other
special services, for a consideration of up to $1,000 per day, plus reasonable expense reimbursement. Such compensation shall be paid for a maximum of 6
days per year for each director.
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28.Directors may be granted equity-based compensation in accordance with the applicable principles detailed in Section D of this Policy, and subject to the
provisions of the Companies Law and the regulations thereunder.2
Equity based-compensation granted to the Company’s directors, shall not exceed the following amounts (subject to any applicable law):3
28.1.
$250,000 for each year of grant according to acceptable valuation practices at the time of grant (the "Equity Compensation"); and
28.2.
Upon joining the Board, $500,000 according to acceptable valuation practices at the time of grant;
29.An active Chairman of the Board may receive compensation in accordance with the criteria for compensation of Executive Officer who is not the CEO who
are not directors, adjusted to the scope of his position.
30.Tufin’s external and independent directors may be entitled to reimbursement of expenses in accordance with the Companies Law and the regulations
thereunder.
I. Miscellaneous
31.This Policy is designed solely for the benefit of Tufin. Nothing in this Compensation Policy shall be deemed to grant any of Tufin’s Executive Officers or
employees or any third party any right or privilege in connection with their employment by the Company or its subsidiaries and their compensation thereof.
Such rights and privileges, to which Executive Officers or employees serving in the Company or that will serve in the Company in the future, are entitled for,
shall be governed by the respective personal employment agreements.
32.This Policy is subject to applicable law and is not intended, and should not be interpreted as limiting or derogating from, provisions of applicable law to the
extent not permitted, nor should it be interpreted as limiting or derogating from the Company’s Articles of Association.
33.This Policy is not intended to affect current agreements nor affect obligating customs (if applicable) between the Company and its Executive Officers as such
may exist prior to the approval of this Compensation Policy, subject to any applicable law.
34.In the event of amendments made to the Companies Law or any regulations promulgated thereunder providing relief in connection with Tufin’s
compensation to its Executive Officers, Tufin may elect to act pursuant to such relief without regard to any conflict with this Policy.
35.The Company (subject to any required approvals by the applicable law) may determine that none or only part of the payments, benefits and perquisites shall
be granted, and is authorized to cancel or suspend a compensation package or part of it.
36.An immaterial change in the terms of office of Executive Officers (excluding the CEO, directors, a controlling shareholder or a controlling shareholder’s
relative) during the term of this Compensation Policy, will be subject to the approval of the Company’s CEO only (changes in the terms of office of the CEO
shall be approved in accordance with the Companies Law). An immaterial change in this matter shall be deemed to be a change that: (i) does not exceed ten
percent (10%) of the total annual compensation of such Executive Officer; and (ii) is in line with the provisions of this Compensation Policy.
37.The compensation components detailed in this Policy do not relate to various components that the Company may provide to all or part of its employees
and/or its Executive Officers, such as: parking spaces, entry permits for its assets, reimbursement for meals and accommodation expenses, vacations,
company events, etc.
38.This Policy shall take effect upon its approval in accordance with the Companies Law. The term of this Policy shall not be limited in time, except that it will
terminate at the earlier of (i) such time that the Policy is no longer in effect under the Companies Law, or (ii) such time that the Policy is terminated by the
Board, to the extent that the Board has the power under the Companies Law to terminate the Policy or (iii) such time as the Company shall determine that the
Terms of Office and Engagement of Office Holders is not required to be made pursuant to a Compensation Policy under the Companies Law, including,
without limitation of the foregoing, in the event that the Company ceases to be a Public Company (as defined in the Companies Law), in which case this
Policy shall have no effect with respect to the period after the Company ceasing to be a Public Company.
39.This Policy shall be governed by the laws of the State of Israel, excluding its conflict of law rules, except with respect to matters that are subject to tax or
labor laws in any specific jurisdiction, which shall be governed by the respective applicable law of such jurisdiction.
2
The equity-based compensation is determined according to acceptable valuation practices at the time of grant,
3
Determined according to acceptable valuation practices at the time of grant.
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Exhibit 12.1
Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of the Principal Executive Officer
I, Reuven Kitov, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Tufin Software Technologies Ltd.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the
company and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure
that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,
particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual
report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely
to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over
financial reporting.
By:
/s/ Reuven Kitov
Title: Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: March 7, 2022
Exhibit 12.2
Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of the Principal Financial Officer
I, Jack Wakileh, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Tufin Software Technologies Ltd.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the
company and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure
that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,
particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual
report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely
to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over
financial reporting.
By:
/s/ Jack Wakileh
Title: Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: March 7, 2022
Exhibit 13.1
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of the Principal Executive Officer
In connection with the Annual Report of Tufin Software Technologies Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 as filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Reuven Kitov, do certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
a) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
b) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
By:
/s/ Reuven Kitov
Title: Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: March 7, 2022
Exhibit 13.2
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of the Principal Financial Officer
In connection with the Annual Report of Tufin Software Technologies Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 as filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jack Wakileh, do certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
a) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
b) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
By:
/s/ Jack Wakileh
Title: Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: March 7, 2022
Exhibit 15.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form F-3 (No. 333-239715) and Form S-8 (No. 333-231985, No. 333-
237291 and No. 333-253994) of Tufin Software Technologies Ltd. of our report dated March 7, 2022 relating to the financial statements, which appears in this
Form 20-F.
Tel Aviv, Israel
/s/ Kesselman & Kesselman
March 7, 2022
Certified Public Accountants (Isr.)
A member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited
Kesselman & Kesselman, Pwc Israel, 146 Derech Menachem Begin St. Tel-Aviv 6492103,
P.O Box 7187 Tel-Aviv 6107120 Telephone: +972-3-7954555, Fax: +972-3-7954556, www.pwc.com/il