USA Truck
Annual Report 2010

Plain-text annual report

ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Selected Financial Data (Dollars in thousands except per share amounts) Base revenue Operating income (loss) Net (loss) income Diluted (loss) earnings per share Total assets Long-term debt Stockholders’ equity Operating ratio* Total tractors in-service, including independent contractors (end of period) Total trailers (end of period) Average miles per tractor per week 2010 $386,883 92 (3,308) (0.32) 327,385 79,750 $137,708 99.9% 2,363 6,716 2,016 Year Ended December 31, 2008 $397,557 12,147 3,140 0.31 332,268 79,364 $146,773 96.9% 2009 $331,520 (6,607) (7,177) (0.70) 330,700 39,116 $140,546 102.0% 2007 $391,188 8,312 140 0.01 332,938 70,212 2006 $385,301 26,404 12,441 1.08 339,494 67,817 $143,191 $ 159,558 93.1% 97.9% 2,328 7,214 1,972 2,392 7,351 2,216 2,557 7,024 2,236 2,571 6,770 2,271 * Operating ratio as reported above is based upon total operating expenses, net of fuel surcharge, as a percentage of base revenue. To Our Stockholders: We improved in 2010. We trimmed our net loss by approximately 54% or $0.38 per share. We improved free cash flow (cash flow from operations less net cash used in investing activities) by $10.0 million and reduced our balance sheet debt (net of cash) to 40.8% of our total capitalization at year-end. We continued to implement our VEVA (Vision for Economic Value Added) plan and produced meaningful strategic progress: (cid:120) We grew our total SCS (Strategic Capacity Solutions) and Intermodal revenue by 134% to $57.2 million, representing 12.4% of our total company revenue in 2010; (cid:120) We entered the container intermodal market in the summer of 2010 by taking possession of our own private containers; (cid:120) We improved the density of our Spider Web freight network to 45% from 35% in 2009; (cid:120) We improved our base Trucking revenue per loaded mile to $1.524 from $1.448 in 2009, a 5.3% increase; and (cid:120) We improved fleet velocity (number of times the fleet is loaded each week) by 10.6% to 3.24 times from 2.93 times in 2009. Each of those accomplishments is core to our strategic plan, which is to reposition our Company from providing primarily long-haul truckload service to providing multiple truckload services to our customers with a regional focus for our truckload assets. Our plan is designed to offer customers what they desire in a pricing model capable of earning returns in excess of our cost of capital while paving the way for long-term growth. While we are pleased that our strategic plan is showing progress, we are certainly not pleased with the overall results. Despite macroeconomic challenges, volatile oil prices, increasing regulatory burdens and cost pressures, we expected better than a $0.32 per share loss. In 2011, our strategic direction will remain unchanged. However, now that the heavy lifting of repositioning our business model is essentially complete, we can devote more effort and attention to executing the new model. Among the more significant efforts under way to bolster the execution of our model are the following: (cid:120) Improve our capabilities to onboard the right freight. Our goal is to add 1,000 loads per week to our Spider Web freight network during this year’s bid season, ramping up our Spider Web lane density compliance to 60% by mid-year. (cid:120) Concentrate on the right customers with the right freight. We will be diligent in selecting customers, focusing on those in the consumer staples sector with products that are not highly cyclical or seasonal, who have large freight volumes in Spider Web lanes and who treat their carriers fairly. Our executive team has visited more than 40 customers recently to personally discuss our strategy with them and to ensure that our customer base is positioned to properly advance our strategic plan. (cid:120) Hire drivers living in more strategic locations. The shortening length-of-haul within our network demands greater fleet velocity, which necessitates a more sophisticated approach to our driver hiring practices. This year, we are targeting our driver hiring efforts in the specific geographic locations needed to support our operations. We expect that doing so will lead to more consistent equipment availability, which is necessary for more consistent revenue production, better customer service and greater driver satisfaction. (cid:120) Implement technology to increase efficiency and reduce costs. We are implementing trailer tracking technology to drive down costs and improve operational efficiency. The ability to track our trailers will allow us to significantly reduce our trailer fleet size, while enabling us to know precisely where each trailer is at any given moment and whether the trailer is loaded or empty. (cid:120) Continue to develop our personnel. With the massive organizational changes necessary to implement VEVA now behind us, we will more fully engage all of our personnel through leadership development in order to foster greater individual empowerment focused on achieving our targeted results. We believe we are building a company capable of earning strong returns for the long-term, but the transition has not been easy and challenges still lie ahead. Tradeoffs are made every day to balance the need for near-term earnings without sacrificing the long-term strategic objectives of the Company. We know that everyone would like to see bottom line results come faster, and we agree. You can rest assured that our expectations are for another year of dramatically improved results in 2011. As always, thank you for your support. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K (Mark One) [ X ] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 OR [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from __________ to __________ 0-19858 (Commission file number) USA Truck, Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 71-0556971 Delaware (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) 3200 Industrial Park Road Van Buren, Arkansas (Address of principal executive offices) 72956 (Zip Code) (479) 471-2500 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ Global Select Market) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [ ] No [ X ] Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [ ] No [ X ] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [ X ] No [ ] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [ ] No [ ] Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large Accelerated Filer____ Accelerated Filer __X__ Non-Accelerated Filer _____ Smaller Reporting Company____ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [ X ] The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter was $126,678,858 (in making this calculation the registrant has assumed, without admitting for any purpose, that all executive officers, directors and affiliated holders of more than 10% of the registrant’s outstanding common stock, and no other persons, are affiliates). The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.01, as of March 2, 2011 is 10,498,754. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Document Portions of the Proxy Statement to be sent to stockholders in connection with the 2011 Annual Meeting Part of Form 10-K into which the Document is Incorporated Part III Item No. USA TRUCK, INC. TABLE OF CONTENTS Caption PART I Page 1. Business ............................................................................................................................. 1A. Risk Factors ....................................................................................................................... 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments .............................................................................................. 2. Properties ........................................................................................................................... 3. Legal Proceedings ............................................................................................................. 4. (Removed and reserved) .................................................................................................... PART II 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities .......................................................................................... 6. Selected Financial Data ..................................................................................................... 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations .......................................................................................................................... 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk ............................................. 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data .................................................................. 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure .......................................................................................................................... 9A. Controls and Procedures .................................................................................................... 9B. Other Information .............................................................................................................. PART III 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance ................................................ 11. Executive Compensation ................................................................................................... 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ........................................................................................................... 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence ................... 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services ............................................................................ PART IV 2 11 17 17 17 18 19 21 22 36 38 60 60 62 62 62 62 62 62 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules ..................................................................... 63 PART I Item 1. BUSINESS We are a truckload carrier providing transportation of general commodities throughout the continental United States, into and out of Mexico and into and out of portions of Canada. Generally, we transport full dry van trailer loads of freight from origin to destination without intermediate stops or handling. To complement our General Freight operations, we provide dedicated, brokerage and rail intermodal services. For shipments into Mexico, we transfer our trailers to tractors operated by Mexican carriers at a facility in Laredo, Texas, which is operated by the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary. Through our asset based and non-asset based capabilities, we transport many types of freight for a diverse customer base in industries such as industrial machinery and equipment, rubber and plastics, retail stores, paper products, durable consumer goods, metals, electronics and chemicals. Our business is classified into three operating segments: our Trucking operating segment consisting of our General Freight and Dedicated Freight service offerings; our Strategic Capacity Solutions operating segment consisting entirely of our freight brokerage service offering (“SCS”); and our Intermodal operating segment, consisting of our rail intermodal services. We previously included the results of our freight brokerage and Container-on-Flat-Car (“COFC”) portion of our rail Intermodal service offering in our SCS operating segment. The Trailer-on-Flat-Car (“TOFC”) portion of our rail Intermodal service offering was classified within our Trucking operating segment. COFC and TOFC are now combined and reported as Intermodal and brokerage is now reported as SCS. SCS and Intermodal are reported as separate operating segments. Our truckload freight services utilize equipment we own or equipment owned by independent contractors for the pick-up and delivery of freight. Our General Freight service offering transports freight over irregular routes as a short- to medium-haul common carrier. Our Dedicated Freight service offering provides similar transportation services, but does so pursuant to agreements whereby we make our equipment available to a specific customer for shipments over particular routes at specified times. At December 31, 2010, our Trucking fleet consisted of 2,363 in-service tractors and 6,709 in-service trailers and our average length-of-haul for 2010 was 560 miles. Our SCS and Intermodal operating segments are intended to provide services which complement our Trucking services, primarily to existing customers of our Trucking operating segment. A majority of the customers using our SCS and Intermodal services are also customers of our Trucking operating segment. Both our SCS and Intermodal operating segments, while making significant contributions to our business, represent a relatively small portion of our revenue (SCS represented approximately 9.0% and Intermodal 3.5% of total base revenue for 2010). We aggregate the financial data for our Trucking operating segment, SCS operating segment and rail Intermodal operating segment into one segment for financial reporting purposes. The discussion of our business in this Item 1 focuses primarily on Trucking, which is our dominant segment, producing 87.5% of our total base revenue in 2010. We were incorporated in Delaware in September 1986 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of ABF Freight System, Inc. and the Company was purchased by management in December 1988. The initial public offering of our common stock was completed in March 1992. Our principal offices are located at 3200 Industrial Park Road, Van Buren, Arkansas 72956, and our telephone number is (479) 471-2500. This Annual Report, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K, and all other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) can be obtained free of charge by visiting our website at http://www.usa-truck.com. Information contained on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report, and you should not consider information contained on our website to be part of this report. Additionally, you may read all of the materials that we file with the SEC by visiting the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. If you would like information about the operation of the Public Reference Room, you may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. You may also visit the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. This site contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding our Company and other companies that file electronically with the SEC. 2 Strategic and Operating Objectives We have studied our business carefully to determine the best path to narrowing the current and historic disparity between our stock’s valuation and those of our peers. Going forward, we are continuing to pursue two primary strategic objectives: (cid:120) Manage our financial returns. Our goal is to produce a return on capital that meets or exceeds 10% while simultaneously managing our cost of capital below that 10% threshold, thus adding economic value for our stockholders. Over the years, we have consistently injected capital into our business but have not generally been satisfied with the return on that capital. We are now utilizing our own internal cost of capital as the basis for establishing internal rates of return objectives on various business activities. (cid:120) Improve earnings consistency relative to the Standard & Poor’s 500. Since our initial public stock offering, our earnings per share results have been inconsistent, which we believe has contributed to a disparity in valuations between our common stock and that of our peers. There are many factors that have contributed to this inconsistency, including unpredictable insurance and claims costs and our relatively low outstanding share count. However, the most fundamental factor is the volatility inherent in our traditional business model. Our traditional model, which was primarily medium- to long-haul, produced industry-leading operating margins when freight demand was plentiful, but we struggled under that model when freight demand was scarce. A significant majority of our revenue is now derived from a shorter length-of-haul, as we adjusted our business model in order to meet these strategic objectives. While our revenue production has been volatile throughout the economic cycles, our cost discipline has not. We are consistently one of the lowest cost operators in the truckload industry. Maintaining our cost discipline will be crucial to successfully achieving our objective of improved earnings consistency. The attainment of our strategic direction and objectives is dependent upon the execution of our operating plan and its supporting initiatives that we call VEVA (“Vision for Economic Value Added”). VEVA is a detailed, quarter-by-quarter operating plan designed to expand our Common Stock valuation multiples by earning a 10% return on capital and simultaneously driving our weighted average cost of capital below 10%. VEVA calls for the expansion of our Common Stock valuation multiples beyond our truckload peer group’s mean by sustaining or improving our capital management targets and leveraging a more diversified business model to produce a 10% compounded annual earnings growth rate. VISION. Our primary long-term strategic objectives – to expand the value of our Common Stock through improved returns on capital and to improve the consistency of our earnings growth – precipitated the need to make two fundamental changes within our Company. First, deep organizational change was necessary to retool USA Truck to maximize returns on capital and de-emphasize our historical strategy of persistently growing our tractor fleet. Second, a fresh operational approach was necessary to break our reliance upon medium- to long-haul freight and instead focus on freight network yield. Thus, a clear vision for USA Truck’s future emerged. PLANNING. Transforming that vision into results required a well-conceived plan. Our team went to work assessing marketplace realities and internal capabilities. We identified eight major initiatives that we believed were essential to effecting the fundamental change needed within the Company to achieve our long-term strategic objectives. Our internal assessment indicated needs for a stronger technology platform and more effective personnel capabilities. Two initiatives were designed to turn those opportunities into competitive advantages. Project Tech. For a variety of reasons we have lost the competitive advantage once afforded by our legacy mainframe computer platform. To strengthen our ability to make more timely decisions that our evolving business model demanded, we began a process to migrate our legacy mainframe platform and internally- developed software applications to server-based platforms. To supplement and enhance our efforts, we are purchasing off-the-shelf products for our core software needs, and developing value-added decision- support software applications internally. To date we have converted our SCS, Intermodal and Dedicated operations and certain administrative applications to this new platform. And, we intend to convert our General Freight operations during 2011. Project People. We recognize that aligning the interests and efforts of every team member at USA Truck is essential to achieving our long-term strategic objectives. In that regard, we have instituted several programs designed to facilitate that alignment. From job descriptions to performance evaluations to talent cultivation, we have challenged, empowered and rewarded our team members for performance. We 3 endeavored to improve the productivity of our non-driver personnel by using a combination of performance-driven management and a more focused, process-driven approach to managing our business. We believe that is the best path to service our customers, produce results for our stockholders and reward our team members. As the vast majority of our revenue comes from our Trucking operating segment, we believe most of our initiatives should be focused on improving the returns on capital and earnings consistency within that segment. We have designed a freight network to maximize yield, which we define as the optimal combination of tractor utilization, pricing, empty miles and variable operating costs. We know the specific traffic lanes in which we want to move freight, and the required volumes and prices necessary to maximize yield in those lanes. As a result, we believe we will be well-positioned to achieve our long-term strategic objectives through the continued implementation of the following four initiatives, which were launched during 2008. Project Velocity. The marketplace for truckload freight has changed. The proliferation of retail distribution centers and the growing rail intermodal market share in long-haul lanes have led to a significant reduction in truckload freight volume in those long-haul lanes. The marketplace is forcing truckload carriers into shorter-haul markets, but operational execution in those markets is very challenging and requires tremendous intensity and discipline. Though we are targeting network yield (not length-of- haul), we recognize that our model will be shorter-haul biased simply because the freight volumes we seek are in that market. Thus, it was imperative for us to position the Company to execute in the shorter-haul environment. Our Project Velocity has been designed to do just that. Yield Management. The concept of freight network yield has been incorporated into our business processes and performance measurements. Our Yield Management initiative laid the foundation for the development of our defined freight network. We recognize that yield is not driven exclusively by pricing, so we are also monitoring our tractor fleet size to help us attain acceptable pricing levels. We are committed to managing our freight operations to maximize yield. Cost Discipline. USA Truck has long been an industry leader in operating cost per mile. Cost is such a critical component for network yield that we manage costs weekly and we look at it in two buckets: variable costs per mile and total fixed costs. Our primary goal is obviously to keep costs as low as possible, but we also want to improve the flexibility within the cost structure so it can be quickly adjusted as economic conditions change. We have also devoted considerable attention to fuel costs, gross margins in our asset-light service offerings and an assortment of fixed costs including non-driver wages. War on Accidents. In late 2007, we implemented our War on Accidents safety initiative which led to a complete overhaul of our safety program. In connection with this initiative, we have increased the safety focus of our drivers and staff personnel and instituted an organizational emphasis on hiring safe drivers, training them effectively, holding them accountable for performance and rewarding them for successes. There are many moving parts to this initiative; however, since its implementation, results reflect that the basic formula is working, as we have reduced the annual average Department of Transportation (“DOT”) reportable accident frequency by approximately 25.9% since 2007. We have determined that bringing our freight network design to life and successfully implementing all of the above six initiatives will not be enough for us to consistently grow our earnings or to produce returns on capital exceeding our cost of capital through the ups and downs of our cyclical industry. In order for us to grow our business, we will need to meet the increasing demands of our customers to provide an integrated bundle of services. To meet these demands, our plan calls for two asset-light service offerings: our SCS operating segment, which consists entirely of our freight brokerage service offering, and our Intermodal operating segment, which provides rail intermodal services. Our SCS and Intermodal operating segments will allow us to boost our returns on capital, to provide additional sources of sustainable earnings growth and offer our customers flexible capacity for their transportation needs in a variety of service and cost levels. Strategic Capacity Solutions. Our SCS operating segment, consisting entirely of freight brokerage, matches customer shipment needs with available equipment of other carriers, including our own. As we continue to expand our knowledge of the brokerage business, we are incorporating that knowledge into our developing brokerage model. This has allowed us to expand existing branches, establish five new branches around the United States and continue to expand our customer base and relationships with third-party broker carriers. Intermodal. Our Intermodal operating segment, consisting entirely of rail intermodal services, provides our customers cost savings over General Freight with a slightly slower overall transit speed, while allowing 4 us to reposition our equipment to maximize our freight network yield. During August 2010, the Company entered into a long-term agreement with BNSF Railway to lease 53’ domestic intermodal containers. Prior to the agreement, the majority of Intermodal’s revenue was derived from TOFC service. The addition of private containers offers the Company an opportunity to continue its growth in the intermodal marketplace and to continue to offer our customers additional transportation solutions. We are committed to penetrating new markets and broadening our customer base with our Intermodal operating segment. EXECUTION. We have painstakingly identified the key performance indicators (“KPI”) for VEVA, set targets for each of them and assigned ownership to individual team members who have accepted responsibility for them and are held accountable for results daily. Executive management is providing resources, removing barriers and working closely with middle management and front-line personnel to ensure that those targets are met. While our return on capital and earnings growth goals are ambitious, we believe the individual KPI targets are attainable. By focusing on those individual KPI targets, we believe that we can reach our long-term strategic objectives.(cid:3) Industry and Competition The trucking industry includes both private fleets and for-hire carriers. Private fleets consist of trucks owned and operated by shippers that move their own goods. For-hire carriers include both truckload and less-than- truckload operations. Truckload carriers dedicate an entire trailer to one customer from origin to destination. Less- than-truckload carriers pick up multiple shipments from multiple shippers on a single truck and then route the goods through terminals or service centers, where freight may be transferred to other trucks with similar destinations for delivery. Truckload carriers typically transport shipments weighing more than 10,000 pounds, while less-than- truckload carriers typically transport shipments weighing less than 10,000 pounds. We operate primarily in the highly fragmented for-hire truckload segment of the market. The for-hire segment is highly competitive and includes thousands of carriers, none of which dominates the market. This segment is characterized by many small carriers having revenues of less than $1 million per year and relatively few carriers with revenues exceeding $100 million per year. According to Transport Topics, measured by annual revenue, the 40 largest truckload carriers accounted for approximately $20.3 billion of the for-hire truckload market in 2009. We were ranked number 22 of the largest truckload carriers based on total revenue for 2009. The industry continues to undergo consolidation. In addition, the recent challenging economic times have contributed to the failure of many trucking companies and made entry into the industry more difficult. We compete primarily with other truckload carriers, private fleets and, to a lesser extent, railroads and less- than-truckload carriers. A number of truckload carriers have greater financial resources, own more revenue equipment and carry a larger volume of freight than we do. We also compete with truckload and less-than- truckload carriers for qualified drivers. The principal means of competition in the truckload segment of the industry are service and price, with rate discounting being particularly intense during economic downturns. Although we compete more on the basis of service rather than rates, rate discounting continues to be a factor in obtaining and retaining business. Furthermore, a depressed economy tends to increase both price and service competition from alternative modes such as less-than- truckload carriers, as well as intermodal carriers. Although an increase in the size of the market would benefit all truckload carriers, we believe that successful carriers are likely to grow primarily by offering additional services to their customers and acquiring a greater market share. Marketing and Sales We focus the majority of our marketing efforts on customers with premium service requirements and who have heavy shipping needs within our primary operating areas. This permits us to position available equipment strategically so that we can be more responsive to customer needs. We believe it also helps us achieve premium rates and develop long-term, service-oriented relationships. Our team members have a thorough understanding of the needs of shippers in many industries. These factors allow us to provide reliable, timely service to our customers. For 2010, approximately 95.4% of our total revenue was derived from customers that were customers prior to 2010, and we have provided services to our top 10 customers for an average of approximately 16 years. We provided service to 1,036 customers in 2010. 5 The table below shows the percentage of our total revenue attributable to our top ten and top five customers and largest customer for the periods indicated. Top 10 customers .......................................................... Top 5 customers ............................................................ Largest customer ........................................................... 35% 23% 7% 32% 20% 4% 32% 21% 6% Year Ended December 31, 2008 2009 2010 Our Sales Department solicits and responds to customer orders and maintains close customer contact regarding service requirements and rates. We typically establish rates through individual negotiations with customers. For our Dedicated Freight services, rates are fixed under contracts tailored to the specific needs of shippers. While we prefer direct relationships with our customers, we recognize that obtaining shipments through other providers of transportation or logistics services is a significant marketing opportunity. Securing freight through a third party enables us to provide services for high-volume shippers to which we might not otherwise have access because many of them require their carriers to conduct business with their designated third party logistics provider. We require customers to have credit approval before dispatch. We bill customers at or shortly after delivery and, during 2010, receivables collection averaged approximately 32 days from the billing date. Operations While we provide our services throughout the continental United States, we conduct most of our freight transport operations east of the Rocky Mountains. The following table shows our total Company average length-of- haul and the average length-of-haul for the two service offerings in our Trucking segment, in miles, for the periods indicated. Total Company ............................................................ Trucking service offerings: Year Ended December 31, 2008 2009 2010 718 560 599 General Freight ........................................................ Dedicated Freight ..................................................... 569 433 618 471 769 406 Our Operations Department consists primarily of our fleet managers and freight coordinators. Each fleet manager supervises between approximately 45 and 60 drivers in our various service offerings and our fleet managers are the primary contacts with our drivers. They monitor the location of equipment and direct its movement in the safest, most efficient and practicable manner. Freight coordinators assign all available units and loads in a manner that maximizes profit and minimizes costs. The Operations Department focuses on making trucks available for dispatch, selecting profitable freight and efficiently matching that freight to available trucks, all of which must be achieved without sacrificing customer service, equipment utilization, driver retention or safety. Safety We are committed to improving our safety performance. The Safety Department’s mission is to focus our efforts on creating the safest possible environment for our drivers and the public, provide the safest possible service to our customers, reduce insurance and claims costs and foster a top-to-bottom culture of safety throughout the Company. We emphasize safe work habits as a core value throughout our organization, and we engage in proactive training and education relating to safety concepts, processes and procedures. The evaluation of an applicant’s safety record is one of several essential criteria we use when hiring drivers. We conduct pre-employment, random, reasonable suspicion and post-accident alcohol and substance abuse testing in accordance with the DOT regulations. Safety training for new drivers begins in orientation, when newly hired team members are taught safe driving and work techniques that emphasize the importance of our commitment to safety. Upon completion of orientation, new student drivers are required to undergo on-the-road training for four to six weeks with experienced commercial motor vehicle drivers who have been selected for their professionalism and commitment to safety and who are trained to communicate safe driving techniques to our new drivers. New drivers who successfully complete the on- the-road program must then pass a road test before being assigned to their own tractor. Additionally, all Company drivers participate in the Smith System® driver improvement program, a nationally recognized training program for professional drivers that focuses on collision prevention through hands-on instruction. 6 To reinforce and promote safety concepts Company-wide, we conduct two “live” safety training classes each year and provide other monthly training courses designed to keep our drivers up-to-date on safety topics and to reinforce and advance professional driving skills. Additionally, the Safety Department conducts safety meetings with dispatch personnel to address specific safety-related issues and concerns. In addition to the regular safety meetings, the Safety Department also conducts “safety blitzes” at our high- traffic terminals. These periodic blitzes are designed to keep safety at the forefront for our drivers and other team members, and supplement our regular meetings by targeting specific safety issues such as proper backing techniques, DOT inspections or mirror check stations. Active participation is required from the drivers. We also have in place a corrective action program designed to evaluate each driver’s safety record to help determine whether a driver needs additional training and whether the driver is eligible for continued employment. We have a Company-wide communication network designed to facilitate rapid response to safety issues and a driver counseling and retraining system to assist drivers who need additional assistance or training. In 2008, we established an economic awards program to reward those drivers who have achieved specified safety milestones. Drivers are recognized at the annual President’s Million Mile Banquet and outstanding drivers are also recognized in Company-wide publications and media releases announcing the driver’s achievements. Driver safety achievements are also noted with special uniform patches, caps, letters of recognition and other awards that identify the driver as having reached a safety milestone. We maintain a modern fleet of tractors and trailers. This factor, in conjunction with the regular safety inspections that our drivers and our Maintenance Department conduct on our equipment, assists us in our goal of having equipment that is well-maintained and safe. Our tractors are equipped with anti-lock braking systems and electronic governing equipment that limits the maximum speed of our tractors to no more than 63 miles per hour. In addition, substantially all tractors added since 2008 are equipped with stability control systems, which assists in further reducing the potential for accidents. Insurance and Claims The primary risks for which we obtain insurance are cargo loss and damage, personal injury, property damage, workers’ compensation and employee medical claims. We self-insure for a portion of claims exposure in each of these areas. We maintain insurance with licensed insurance carriers in amounts that are above those for which we self- insure. Although we believe the aggregate insurance limits should be sufficient to cover reasonably expected claims, it is possible that one or more claims could exceed our aggregate coverage limits. While we have experienced relatively good conditions in the insurance markets during the last five years, an unexpected loss or changing conditions in the insurance market could adversely affect premium levels. As a result, our insurance and claims expense could increase, or we could raise our self-insured retention when our policies are renewed. If these expenses increase, if we experience a claim in excess of our coverage limits, or if we experience a claim for which coverage is not provided, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. Drivers and Other Personnel Driver recruitment and retention are vital to success in our industry. Recruiting drivers is challenging given our high standards and because enrollment levels in driving schools are volatile. Retention is difficult because of wage and job fulfillment considerations. Driver turnover, especially in the early months of employment, is a significant problem in our industry, and the competition for qualified drivers is intense. Although we have had significant driver turnover during certain periods in the past, we have been able to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified drivers to support our operations. One of the ways we are attempting to address the driver turnover issue is by placing more emphasis on hiring drivers who live in locations that are in close proximity to our network lanes. However, we expect the driver market to tighten as a result of the FMCSA’s new Compliance Safety Accountability program (“CSA”) (formerly “Comprehensive Safety Analysis 2010”). In order to attract and retain drivers we must continue to provide safe, attractive and comfortable equipment, direct access to management and competitive wages and benefits designed to encourage longer-term employment. Driver pay is calculated primarily on the basis of miles driven, and increases based on tenure and driver performance. We believe our current pay scale is competitive with industry peers. On March 2, 2011, we had approximately 2,900 team members, including approximately 2,250 driver team members. We do not have any team members represented by a collective bargaining unit. In the opinion of management, our relationship with our team members is good. 7 Revenue Equipment and Maintenance Our policy is to replace most tractors within 36 to 48 months and most trailers within 84 to 120 months from the date of purchase. Because maintenance costs increase as equipment ages, we believe these trade intervals allow us to more closely control our maintenance costs and to economically balance those costs with the equipment’s expected sale or trade values. Such trade intervals also permit us to maintain substantial warranty coverage throughout our period of ownership. We make equipment purchase and replacement decisions based on a number of factors, including new equipment prices, the used equipment market, demand for our freight services, prevailing interest rates, technological improvements, regulatory changes, fuel efficiency, equipment durability, equipment specifications and the availability of drivers. Therefore, depending on the circumstances, we may accelerate or delay the acquisition and disposition of our tractors or trailers from time to time. In that regard, in an effort to protect our pricing yield and equipment utilization, during the fourth quarter of 2008, we reduced the number of Company- owned tractors we had in service by approximately 250 or 10.3%, and designated them for disposition. The reduction targeted those tractors with the highest miles and resulted in a fourth quarter 2008 impairment charge of approximately $0.03 per share as their book value had to be adjusted down to their market value. This write down of approximately $0.5 million is included in Other operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. In conjunction with our strategic objective of positioning the Company for long-term revenue growth, we will add equipment as the freight market and driver availability dictate. Generally, our primary business strategy of earning greater returns on capital requires us to improve the profitability of our existing tractors before we consider materially adding to the fleet size. In January 2011, we began installing SkyBitz® trailer tracking technology and cargo sensors and will eventually outfit more than 6,000 trailers with this technology. We expect the new technology to contribute to more efficient asset utilization across our fleet, improve customer satisfaction through better asset allocation and load visibility and enhance load security. This technology is designed to provide managers the ability to view trailer assets in real-time and run customizable management and operational reports for each trailer in their fleet, allowing us to operate with a more efficient trailer-to-tractor ratio than we would otherwise. We expect to be able to automatically download all of the positioning data into our own truckload management software and fully integrate with SkyBitz®. The following table shows the number of units and average age of revenue equipment that we owned or operated under capital leases as of the indicated dates. Year Ended December 31, 2008 2009 2010 Tractors: Acquired ............................................................................ 416 Disposed ............................................................................ 485 End of period total ............................................................ 2,439 Average age at end of period (in months) .................... 29 Trailers: Acquired ............................................................................ 100 Disposed ............................................................................ 598 End of period total ............................................................ 6,716 Average age at end of period (in months) .................... 67 460 451 2,508 27 -- 137 7,214 63 786 786 2,499 24 450 123 7,351 51 To simplify driver and mechanic training, control the cost of spare parts and tire inventory and provide for a more efficient vehicle maintenance program, we purchase tractors and trailers manufactured to our specifications. In deciding which equipment to purchase, a number of factors are considered, including safety, fuel economy, expected resale value, trade terms and driver comfort. We have a strict preventive maintenance program designed to minimize equipment downtime and enhance sale or trade-in values. We finance revenue equipment purchases through our Credit Agreement, capital lease-purchase arrangements, proceeds from sales or trades of used equipment and cash flows from operations. Substantially all of our tractors and trailers are pledged to secure our obligations under financing arrangements. In addition to tractors that we own, we contract with owner operators for the use of their tractors and drivers in our operations. We offer a lease-purchase program to drivers interested in owning their own equipment and becoming independent contractors. The program offers qualified drivers the opportunity to purchase their own tractors through a third-party financing program. The drivers may purchase tractors directly from us or from 8 outside sources. At December 31, 2010, 182 independent contractors were under contract with us, which included 38 lease-purchase operators. Beginning January 1, 2010, new federal emissions requirements became effective for all heavy-duty engines. These new requirements reduce the levels of specified emissions from heavy-duty engines manufactured in or after 2010, and resulted in cost increases when we acquired tractors equipped with these engines. In order to comply with the standards, new emissions control technologies, such as selective catalytic reduction strategies and advanced exhaust gas recirculation systems, are being utilized. In anticipation of an increase in the purchase price of new equipment related to the 2010 emissions requirements, we accelerated the purchase of 100 replacement tractors in 2009 and purchased another 300 pre-2010 emission regulated replacement tractors during the first and second quarters of 2010. During 2010, we purchased 116 tractors with the 2010 emission engines and we intend to purchase approximately 400 additional tractors with these engines in 2011. Technology We maintain a data center using several different computing platforms ranging from personal computers to an IBM mainframe system. Historically, we have developed the majority of our software applications internally, including payroll, billing, dispatch, accounting and maintenance programs. In order to enhance the service we provide our customers, we determined that our mainframe software applications needed to be replaced. Accordingly, we are currently replacing those applications with off-the-shelf, server-based products. During 2009, we converted both our Intermodal and Brokerage service offerings to a server-based operating system and during 2010 we converted our Dedicated service offering, payroll and accounting systems to a server-based product. During 2011, we expect to complete the conversion of our operating and financial systems to server-based products. We continue to use our internal development capabilities to create customized decision-support tools for our operating personnel. Our computer systems are monitored 24 hours a day by experienced information systems professionals. While we employ many preventive measures, including daily back-up of our information systems processes, we do not currently have a wholly redundant backup for our information systems as a part of our catastrophic business continuity plan. The technology we use in our business enhances the efficiency of all aspects of our operations and enables us to consistently deliver superior service to our customers. We are able to closely monitor the location of all our tractors and to communicate with our drivers in real time through the use of a Qualcomm satellite-based equipment tracking and driver communication system. This enables us to efficiently dispatch drivers in response to customers’ requests, to provide real-time information to our customers about the status of their shipments and to provide documentation supporting our accessorial charges, which are charges to customers for additional services such as loading, unloading or equipment delays. During the first quarter of 2011, we began installing SkyBitz® satellite- based equipment tracking devices and cargo sensors on most of our trailers. These tracking devices will provide us with visibility on the locations and load status of our trailers. Regulation Our operations are regulated and licensed by various government agencies, including the DOT. Our Canadian business activities are subject to similar requirements imposed by the laws and regulations of Canada, as well as its provincial laws and regulations. The DOT, through the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (“FMCSA”), imposes safety and fitness regulations on us and our drivers. The Company currently has a satisfactory DOT safety rating, which is the highest available rating. New rules that limit driver hours-of-service were adopted effective January 4, 2004, and then modified effective October 1, 2005 (“2005 Rules”). In July 2007, a federal appeals court vacated portions of the 2005 Rules. Two of the key portions that were vacated include the expansion of the driving day from 10 hours to 11 hours, and the “34-hour restart”, which allowed drivers to restart calculations of the weekly on-duty time limits after the driver had at least 34 consecutive hours off duty. The court indicated that, in addition to other reasons, it vacated these two portions of the 2005 Rules because FMCSA failed to provide adequate data supporting its decision to increase the driving day and provide for the 34-hour restart. In November 2008, following the submission of additional data by FMCSA and a series of appeals and related court rulings, FMCSA published its Final Rule, which retained the 11 hour driving day and the 34-hour restart. However, advocacy groups have continued to challenge the Final Rule, and the hours of service rules are once again under review by the FMCSA. On December 20, 2010, the FMCSA issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that would place additional limits on the time drivers may operate a commercial motor vehicle. Among the proposed revisions, is a provision that all driving must be completed within a 14-hour period and that time frame must include at least a one-hour break. The proposal also provides that the 34-hour restart may only be used once per week and must include two periods between midnight and six a.m. The rule also contemplates reducing the maximum driving time in a 24 hour period from 11 hours to 10 hours. The public comment period on the proposal closed on March 4, 2011, and a Final 9 Rule is expected to be published by July 26, 2011. We are unable to predict what form the new rule may take, how a court may address challenges to such rule and to what extent the FMCSA might attempt to materially revise the rules under the current presidential administration. On the whole, however, we believe any modifications to the current rule will decrease productivity and cause some loss of efficiency, as drivers and shippers may need to be retrained, computer programming may require modifications, additional drivers may need to be employed or engaged, additional equipment may need to be acquired, and some shipping lanes may need to be reconfigured. The FMCSA also is considering revisions to the existing rating system and the safety labels assigned to motor carriers evaluated by the DOT. We currently have a satisfactory DOT rating, which is the highest available rating under the current safety rating scale. If we were to receive a conditional or unsatisfactory DOT safety rating, it could adversely affect our business because some of our customer contracts require a satisfactory DOT safety rating, and a conditional or unsatisfactory rating could negatively impact or restrict our operations. Under the revised rating system being considered by the FMCSA, our safety rating would be evaluated more regularly, and our safety rating would reflect a more in-depth assessment of safety-based violations. CSA introduced a new enforcement and compliance model. Under CSA, drivers and fleets are evaluated and ranked based on certain safety-related standards. The methodology for determining a carrier’s DOT safety rating has been expanded to include the on-road safety performance of the carrier’s drivers. As a result, certain current and potential drivers may no longer be eligible to drive for us, our fleet could be ranked poorly as compared to our peer firms, and our safety rating could be adversely impacted. A reduction in eligible drivers or a poor fleet ranking may result in difficulty attracting and retaining qualified drivers, and could cause our customers to direct their business away from us and to carriers with higher fleet rankings, which would adversely affect our results of operations The FMCSA has proposed new rules that will require nearly all carriers, including us, to install and use electronic, on-board recorders in their tractors (paperless logs) to electronically monitor truck miles and enforce hours of service. The Environmental Protection Agency adopted emissions control regulations that require progressive reductions in exhaust emissions from diesel engines manufactured on or after October 1, 2002. More stringent reductions became effective on January 1, 2007 for engines manufactured on or after that date, and further reductions became effective on January 1, 2010. Compliance with the regulations has increased the cost of our new tractors and operating expenses while reducing fuel economy, and it is anticipated that the 2010 changes may further adversely impact those areas. The California Air Resource Board has adopted emission control regulations which will be applicable to all commercial vehicles traveling within the state of California. It is possible that compliance with these regulations will increase our operating costs within that state. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with applicable federal, state, provincial and local environmental laws and regulations and costs of such compliance will not have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, operations or financial condition or require a material increase in currently anticipated capital expenditures. Seasonality See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations(cid:326)Seasonality.” Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report contains certain statements that may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements, including without limitation: any projections of earnings, revenues, or other financial items; any statement of plans, strategies, and objectives of management for future operations; any statements concerning proposed new services or developments; any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance; and any statements of belief and any statement of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Such statements may be identified by their use of terms or phrases such as “expects,” “estimates,” “projects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “goals,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “potential,” “continue,” “future” and similar terms and phrases. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, which could cause future events and actual results to differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by, or underlying the forward-looking statements. Readers should review and consider the factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report, along with various disclosures in our press releases, stockholder reports, and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 10 All forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. References to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and words of similar import refer to USA Truck, Inc. and its subsidiary. Item 1A. RISK FACTORS In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the following risks and uncertainties which could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our business is subject to economic, credit and business factors affecting the trucking industry that are largely out of our control, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. The factors that have negatively affected us, and may do so in the future, include volatile fuel prices, excess capacity in the trucking industry, surpluses in the market for used equipment, higher interest rates, higher license and registration fees, increases in insurance premiums, higher self-insurance levels, increases in accidents and adverse claims and difficulty in attracting and retaining qualified drivers and independent contractors. We are also affected by recessionary economic cycles and downturns in customers’ business cycles. Economic conditions may adversely affect our customers and their ability to pay for our services. It is not possible to predict the effects of armed conflicts or terrorist attacks and subsequent events on the economy or on consumer confidence in the United States, or the impact, if any, on our future results of operations. There has been widespread concern over the credit markets and their effect on the economy. If the economy and credit markets weaken our business, financial results, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected, especially if consumer confidence declines and domestic spending decreases. Additionally, the stresses in the credit market have caused uncertainty in the equity markets. Although some stability has returned to the equity markets, there still exists enough economic uncertainty that could cause the market price of our securities to be volatile. If the credit markets erode, we also may not be able to access our current sources of credit and our lenders may not have the capital to fund those sources. We may need to incur additional indebtedness or issue debt or equity securities in the future to refinance existing debt, fund working capital requirements, make investments, or for general corporate purposes. As a result of contractions in the credit market, as well as other economic trends in the credit market industry, we may not be able to secure financing for future activities on satisfactory terms, or at all. If we are not successful in obtaining sufficient financing because we are unable to access the capital markets on financially economical or feasible terms, it could impact our ability to provide services to our customers and may materially and adversely affect our business, financial results, current operations, results of operations, and potential investments. We operate in a highly competitive and fragmented industry, and our business may suffer if we are unable to adequately address downward pricing pressures and other factors that may adversely affect our ability to compete with other carriers. Numerous competitive factors could impair our ability to maintain our current profitability. These factors include: (cid:120) We compete with many other truckload carriers of varying sizes and, to a lesser extent, with less-than- truckload carriers and railroads, some of which have more equipment or greater capital resources, or other competitive advantages. (cid:120) Some of our competitors periodically reduce their freight rates to gain business, especially during times of economic slowdown, which may limit our ability to maintain or increase freight rates, maintain our margins or maintain growth in our business. (cid:120) Many customers reduce the number of carriers they use by selecting so-called “core carriers” as approved service providers, and in some instances we may not be selected. (cid:120) Many customers periodically accept bids from multiple carriers for their shipping needs, and this process may depress freight rates or result in the loss of some of our business to competitors. 11 (cid:120) The trend toward consolidation in the trucking industry may create large carriers with greater financial resources and other competitive advantages relating to their size, and we may have difficulty competing with these larger carriers. (cid:120) Advances in technology require increased investments to remain competitive, and our customers may not be willing to accept higher freight rates to cover the cost of these investments. (cid:120) (cid:120) Competition from internet-based and other logistics and freight brokerage companies may adversely affect our customer relationships and freight rates. Economies of scale that may be passed on to smaller carriers by procurement aggregation providers may improve their ability to compete with us. Ongoing insurance and claims expenses could significantly reduce our earnings. If the number or severity of claims increases or if the costs associated with claims otherwise increase, our operating results will be adversely affected. The time that such costs are incurred may significantly impact our operating results for a particular quarter, as compared to the comparable quarter in the prior year. In addition, if we were to lose our ability to self-insure for any significant period of time, our insurance costs would materially increase and we could experience difficulty in obtaining adequate levels of coverage. Due to our significant self- insured amounts, we have significant exposure to fluctuations in the number and severity of claims and the risk of being required to accrue or pay additional amounts if our estimates are revised or the claims ultimately prove to be more severe than originally assessed. We could experience increases in our insurance premiums in the future if we have an increase in coverage, a reduction in our self-retention level or if our claims experience deteriorates. If our insurance or claims expense increases, and we are unable to offset the increase with higher freight rates, our earnings could be materially and adversely affected. Our Credit Agreement and other financing arrangements contain certain covenants, restrictions, and requirements, and we may be unable to comply with the covenant, restrictions, and requirements. A default could result in the acceleration of all or part of our outstanding indebtedness, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, and the price of our common stock. We have a $100.0 million Credit Agreement with a group of banks and numerous other financing arrangements. The Credit Agreement contains certain restrictions and covenants relating to, among other things, dividends, liens, acquisitions and dispositions outside of the ordinary course of business, affiliate transactions, and various financial covenants. Certain other financing arrangements contain certain restrictions and covenants, as well. If we fail to comply with any of our financing arrangement covenants, restrictions, and requirements, we will be in default under the relevant agreement, which could cause cross-defaults under our other financing arrangements. In the event of any such default, if we failed to obtain replacement financing, amendments to, or waivers under the applicable financing arrangements, our lenders could cease making further advances, declare our debt to be immediately due and payable, fail to renew letters of credit, impose significant restrictions and requirements on our operations, institute foreclosure procedures against their collateral, or impose significant fees and transaction costs. If acceleration occurs, it may be difficult or expensive to refinance the accelerated debt or we may have to issue equity securities, which would dilute stock ownership. Even if new financing is made available to us, more stringent borrowing terms may mean that credit is not available to us on acceptable terms. A default under our financing arrangements could cause a materially adverse effect on our liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. We have significant ongoing capital requirements that could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows if we are unable to generate sufficient cash from operations, or obtain financing on favorable terms. The truckload industry is capital intensive. Historically, we have depended on cash from operations, borrowings from banks and finance companies, and lease instruments to expand and upgrade our revenue equipment. We expect that capital expenditures to replace and upgrade our revenue equipment will increase from the low levels in 2009 and 2010. The additional expenditures will be required to upgrade our tractor and trailer fleet, which has increased in age over the historical average age and to expand our revenue equipment fleet and our intermodal containers, as justified by increased freight volumes. If we are unable to decrease the age of, or expand, our tractor and trailer fleet or expand our supply of intermodal containers our financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. 12 We depend on the proper functioning and availability of our information systems. We depend on the proper functioning and availability of our communications and data processing systems in operating our business. Our information systems are protected through physical and software safeguards. However, they are still vulnerable to fire, storm, flood, power loss, telecommunications failures, physical or software break-ins and similar events. We do not have a formal catastrophic disaster recovery plan or a fully redundant alternate processing capability. If any of our critical information systems fail or become otherwise unavailable, we would have to perform the functions manually, which could temporarily impact our ability to manage our fleet efficiently, to respond to customers’ requests effectively, to maintain billing and other records reliably and to bill for services accurately or in a timely manner. Our business interruption insurance may be inadequate to protect us in the event of a catastrophe. Any system failure, security breach or other damage could interrupt or delay our operations, damage our reputation and cause us to lose customers, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. We are in the midst of a multi-year process to migrate our legacy mainframe platform and internally developed software applications to server-based platforms. We purchased off-the-shelf products for our core software needs, and developed value-added decision-support software applications internally. Any delays, complications or additional costs associated with, or the failure of, this project could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We depend on our major customers, the loss of one or more of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. A significant portion of our revenue is generated from our major customers. For fiscal year 2010, our top 10 customers accounted for approximately 35% of our revenue, our top five customers accounted for approximately 23% of our revenue and our largest customer accounted for approximately 7% of our revenue. Generally, we do not have long-term contracts with our major customers and we cannot assure you that our customer relationships will continue as presently in effect. A reduction in or termination of our services by one or more of our major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. If we are unable to retain our key executives, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed. We are dependent upon the services of our executive management team. We do not maintain key-person life insurance on any members of our management team. The loss of their services could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future profitability. We must continue to develop and retain a core group of managers if we are to realize our goal of expanding our operations, improve our earnings consistency and position the Company for long-term revenue growth. We operate in a highly regulated industry, and changes in existing regulations or violations of existing or future regulations could have a material adverse effect on our operations and profitability. We operate in the United States pursuant to operating authority granted by the U.S. Department of Transportation (the “DOT”) and in various Canadian provinces pursuant to operating authority granted by the Ministries of Transportation and Communications in such provinces. Our Company drivers and independent contractors also must comply with the safety and fitness regulations of the DOT, including those relating to drug and alcohol testing and hours-of-service. Such matters as weight and equipment dimensions also are subject to government regulations. We also may become subject to new or more restrictive regulations relating to fuel emissions, drivers’ hours-of-service, ergonomics, on-board reporting of operations, collective bargaining, security at ports, and other matters affecting safety or operating methods. The DOT is currently engaged in a rulemaking proceeding regarding drivers’ hours-of-service, and the result could negatively impact utilization of our equipment. We are unable to predict what form the new hours-of-service rules may take, how a court may rule on challenges to such rules and to what extent the FMCSA might attempt to materially revise the rules. On the whole, however, we believe that any modifications to the current rules may decrease maximum driving hours per day, which would decrease productivity and cause some loss of efficiency, as drivers and shippers may need to be retrained, computer programming may require modifications, additional drivers may need to be employed or engaged, additional equipment may need to be acquired, and some shipping lanes may need to be reconfigured. We are also unable to predict the effect of any new rules that might be proposed if the issued rule is stricken by a court, but any such proposed rules could increase costs in our industry or decrease productivity. 13 Failures to comply with DOT safety regulations or downgrades in our safety rating could have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial condition. A downgrade in our safety rating could cause us to lose the ability to self-insure. The loss of our ability to self-insure for any significant period of time would materially increase our insurance costs. In addition, we may experience difficulty in obtaining adequate levels of coverage in that event. Under the revised rating system being considered by the FMCSA, our safety rating would be evaluated more regularly, and our safety rating would reflect a more in-depth assessment of safety-based violations. During December 2010, the FMCSA launched CSA, a new enforcement and compliance model implementing driver standards in addition to our current standards. As discussed more fully below, CSA may reduce the number of eligible drivers and/or negatively impact our fleet ranking. Additionally, proposed FMCSA rules and practices followed by regulators may require us to install electronic, on-board recorders in our tractors if we experience unfavorable compliance with rules or receive an adverse change in safety rating. Such installation could cause an increase in driver turnover, adverse information in litigation, cost increases and decreased asset utilization. Other agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) and the Department of Homeland Security also regulate our equipment, operations, and drivers. Future laws and regulations may be more stringent, require changes in our operating practices, influence the demand for transportation services, or require us to incur significant additional costs. Higher costs incurred by us or by our suppliers who pass the costs onto us through higher prices could adversely affect our results of operations. In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, federal, state, and municipal authorities implemented and continue to implement various security measures, including checkpoints and travel restrictions on large trucks. The Transportation Security Administration, or TSA, has adopted regulations that require determination by the TSA that each driver who applies for or renews his license for carrying hazardous materials is not a security threat. This could reduce the pool of qualified drivers, which could require us to increase driver compensation, limit fleet growth, or let trucks sit idle. These regulations also could complicate the matching of available equipment with hazardous material shipments, thereby increasing our response time and our deadhead miles on customer shipments. As a result, it is possible that we may fail to meet the needs of our customers or may incur increased expenses to do so. These security measures could negatively impact our operating results. EPA regulations limiting exhaust emissions became more restrictive in 2010. On May 21, 2010, President Obama signed an executive memorandum directing the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (“NHTSA”) and the EPA to develop new, stricter fuel efficiency standards for heavy trucks, beginning in 2014. On October 25, 2010, the NHTSA and EPA proposed regulations that regulate fuel efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions beginning in 2014. In December 2008, California adopted new performance requirements for diesel trucks, with targets to be met between 2011 and 2023, and California also has adopted aerodynamics requirements for certain trailers. These regulations, as well as proposed regulations or legislation related to climate change that potentially impose restrictions, caps, taxes, or other controls on emissions of greenhouse gas, could adversely affect our operations and financial results. In addition, increasing efforts to control emissions of greenhouse gases are likely to have an impact on us. The EPA has announced a finding relating to greenhouse gas emissions that may result in promulgation of greenhouse gas emission limits. Federal and state lawmakers also are considering a variety of climate-change proposals. Compliance with such regulations could increase the cost of new tractors and trailers, impair equipment productivity, and increase operating expenses. These effects, combined with the uncertainty as to the operating results that will be produced by the newly designed diesel engines and the residual values of these vehicles, could increase our costs or otherwise adversely affect our business or operations. In order to reduce exhaust emissions, some states and municipalities have begun to restrict the locations and amount of time where diesel-powered tractors, such as ours, may idle. These restrictions could force us to alter our drivers’ behavior, purchase on-board power units that do not require the engine to idle, or face a decrease in productivity. From time to time, various federal, state, or local taxes are increased, including taxes on fuels. We cannot predict whether, or in what form, any such increase applicable to us will be enacted, but such an increase could adversely affect our profitability. CSA could adversely affect our profitability and operations, our ability to maintain or grow our fleet, and our customer relationships. Under CSA, drivers and fleets are evaluated and ranked based on certain safety-related standards. The methodology for determining a carrier’s DOT safety rating has been expanded to include the on-road safety performance of the carrier’s drivers. As a result, certain current and potential drivers may no longer be eligible to 14 drive for us, our fleet could be ranked poorly as compared to our peer firms, and our safety rating could be adversely impacted. A reduction in eligible drivers or a poor fleet ranking may result in difficulty attracting and retaining qualified drivers, and could cause our customers to direct their business away from us and to carriers with higher fleet rankings, which would adversely affect our results of operations. From time to time we may exceed the FMCSA's established intervention thresholds under certain categories. If we exceed one or more of the thresholds, our drivers may be prioritized for intervention action or roadside inspection by regulatory authorities. Additionally, we may incur greater than expected expenses in our attempts to improve our scores. Decreases in the availability of new tractors and trailers could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. From time to time, some tractor and trailer vendors have reduced their manufacturing output due, for example, to lower demand for their products in economic downturns or a shortage of component parts. As conditions changed, some of those vendors have had difficulty fulfilling the increased demand for new equipment. There have been periods when we were unable to purchase as much new revenue equipment as we needed to sustain our desired growth rate and to maintain a late-model fleet. We may experience similar difficulties in future periods. Also, to meet the more restrictive EPA emissions standards in 2007 and in January 2010, vendors have had to introduce new engine technology. An inability to continue to obtain an adequate supply of new tractors or trailers could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Fluctuations in the price or availability of fuel, hedging activities, the volume and terms of diesel fuel purchase commitments, surcharge collection and surcharge policies approved by customers may increase our costs of operation, which could materially and adversely affect our profitability. Fuel is one of our largest operating expenses. Diesel fuel prices fluctuate greatly due to economic, political, and other factors beyond our control. Fuel also is subject to regional pricing differences. From time-to-time we may use hedging contracts and volume purchase arrangements to attempt to limit the effect of price fluctuations. If we do hedge, we may be forced to make cash payments under the hedging arrangements. We use a fuel surcharge program to recapture a portion of the increases in fuel prices over a base rate negotiated with our customers. Our fuel surcharge program does not protect us from the full effect of increases in fuel prices. The terms of each customer’s fuel surcharge program vary and certain customers have sought to modify the terms of their fuel surcharge programs to minimize recoverability for fuel price increases. Over the past year, the failure to recover fuel price increases resulted in a materially negative impact to our results of operations. For example, this week’s fuel surcharge rate is based on last week’s national average diesel price. Thus, in periods of rising prices, our fuel surcharge is based on last week’s lower diesel price while we are paying this week’s higher diesel price at the pump. A failure to improve our fuel price protection through these measures, further increases in fuel prices, or a shortage of diesel fuel, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. Increases in driver compensation or difficulty in attracting and retaining qualified drivers could adversely affect our profitability. Like many truckload carriers, we experience substantial difficulty in attracting and retaining sufficient numbers of qualified drivers, including independent contractors. In addition, due in part to current economic conditions, including the higher cost of fuel, insurance, and tractors, the available pool of independent contractor drivers has been declining. Regulatory requirements, including the new CSA program, could also reduce the number of eligible drivers. Because of the shortage of qualified drivers and intense competition for drivers from other trucking companies, we expect to continue to face difficulty increasing the number of our drivers, including independent contractor drivers. The compensation we offer our drivers and independent contractors is subject to market conditions, and we may find it necessary to continue to increase driver and independent contractor compensation in future periods. In addition, we and our industry suffer from a high driver turnover rate. Our high turnover rate requires us to continually recruit a substantial number of drivers in order to operate existing revenue equipment. If we are unable to continue to attract and retain a sufficient number of drivers, we could be required to adjust our compensation packages, let tractors sit idle, or operate with fewer tractors and face difficulty meeting shipper demands, all of which would adversely affect our growth and profitability. Our operations are subject to various environmental laws and regulations, the violation of which could result in substantial fines or penalties. We are subject to various environmental laws and regulations dealing with the transportation and handling of hazardous materials, fuel storage tanks, air emissions from our vehicles and facilities, engine idling, and discharge and retention of storm water. We operate in industrial areas, where truck terminals and other industrial activities are located, and where groundwater or other forms of environmental contamination may have occurred. Our operations 15 involve the risks of fuel spillage or seepage, environmental damage, and hazardous waste disposal, among others. We also maintain above-ground bulk fuel storage tanks and fueling islands at four of our facilities. A small percentage of our freight consists of low-grade hazardous substances, which subjects us to a wide array of regulations. Although we have instituted programs to monitor and control environmental risks and promote compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations, if we are involved in a spill or other accident involving hazardous substances, if there are releases of hazardous substances we transport, or if we are found to be in violation of applicable laws or regulations, we could be subject to liabilities, including substantial fines or penalties or civil and criminal liability, any of which could have a materially adverse effect on our business and operating results. Regulations limiting exhaust emissions became effective in 2002 and became progressively more restrictive in 2007 and January 2010. Engines manufactured after October 2002 generally cost more, produce lower fuel mileage, and require additional maintenance compared with earlier models. Of our existing tractor fleet, 78.0% are equipped with the 2007 and 2010 emission standard engines. For tractors acquired in 2010, the purchase price related to the new 2010 engines increased approximately 5.1%. These adverse effects, combined with the uncertainty as to the reliability of the newly designed diesel engines and the residual values of these vehicles, could increase our costs or otherwise adversely affect our business or operations. If we cannot effectively manage the challenges associated with doing business internationally, our revenues and profitability may suffer. An integral component of our operations is the business we conduct in Mexico and, to a lesser extent Canada, and we are subject to risks of doing business internationally, including fluctuations in foreign currencies, changes in the economic strength of the countries in which we do business, difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations and intellectual property rights, burdens of complying with a wide variety of international and United States export and import laws, and social, political, and economic instability. Additional risks associated with our foreign operations, including restrictive trade policies and imposition of duties, taxes, or government royalties by foreign governments, are present but largely mitigated by the terms of NAFTA. Seasonality and the impact of weather affect our operations and profitability. Our tractor productivity decreases during the winter season because inclement weather impedes operations, and some shippers reduce their shipments after the winter holiday season. Revenue can also be affected by bad weather and holidays, since revenue is directly related to available working days of shippers. At the same time, operating expenses increase, with fuel efficiency declining because of engine idling and harsh weather creating higher accident frequency, increased claims and more equipment repairs. We could also suffer short-term impacts from weather-related events such as hurricanes, blizzards, ice storms and floods that could harm our results or make our results more volatile. Increased prices, reduced productivity, and restricted availability of new revenue equipment and fluctuations in the prices of used revenue equipment may adversely affect our earnings and cash flows. We are subject to risk with respect to prices for new tractors. Prices may increase, for among other reasons, due to government regulations applicable to newly manufactured tractors and diesel engines and due to commodity prices and pricing power among equipment manufacturers. More restrictive Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, emissions standards that began in 2002 with additional new requirements implemented in 2007 and January 2010 have required vendors to introduce new engines. Our business could be harmed if we are unable to continue to obtain an adequate supply of new tractors and trailers. As of December 31, 2010, approximately 78.0% of our tractor fleet was comprised of tractors with engines that met the EPA mandated clean air standards that became effective in 2007 and 2010. Tractors that meet the 2007 and 2010 standards are more expensive than non-compliant tractors, and we expect to continue to pay increased prices for equipment as we continue to increase the percentage of our fleet that meets the EPA mandated clean air standards. In addition, a decreased demand for used revenue equipment could adversely affect our business and operating results. We rely on the sale and trade-in of used revenue equipment to partially offset the cost of new revenue equipment. When the supply of used revenue equipment exceeds the demand for used revenue equipment, as it did during 2009 and the first half of 2010, the general market value of used revenue equipment decreases. When the used equipment market is weak, it may increase our net capital expenditures for new revenue equipment, decrease our gains on sale of revenue equipment (or create a loss on sale of revenue equipment), or increase our maintenance costs if management decides to extend the use of revenue equipment in a depressed market, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. 16 Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS There are no unresolved written SEC staff comments regarding our periodic or current reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 received 180 days or more before the end of the fiscal year to which this annual report relates. Item 2. PROPERTIES Our executive offices and headquarters are located on approximately 104 acres in Van Buren, Arkansas. This facility consists of approximately 117,000 square feet of office, training, SCS and driver facilities and approximately 30,000 square feet of maintenance space within two structures. The facility also has approximately 11,000 square feet of warehouse space and two other structures with approximately 22,000 square feet of office and warehouse space which is leased to another party. We operate a network of 16 additional facilities, which includes SCS offices and one terminal facility in Laredo, Texas, which is one of the largest inland freight gateway cities between the U.S. and Mexico, operated by a wholly-owned subsidiary, International Freight Services, Inc. We are actively seeking locations for additional facilities as we transition our business model to a shorter length of haul. As of December 31, 2010, our terminal, SCS and administrative facilities were located in or near the following cities: Shop Driver Facilities Terminal facilities: Van Buren, Arkansas West Memphis, Arkansas Chicago, Illinois Indianapolis, Indiana Vandalia, Ohio Spartanburg, South Carolina Laredo, Texas Roanoke, Virginia SCS facilities: Springdale, Arkansas Peoria, Arizona College Park, Georgia Post Falls, Idaho Godfrey, Illinois Madison, Illinois Naperville, Illinois Dallas, Texas Administrative facilities: Burns Harbor, Indiana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No Fuel Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Office Own or Lease Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Own Own/Lease Lease Lease Own Own Own/Lease Lease Lease Lease Lease Lease Lease Lease Lease Lease Yes Lease During the fourth quarter of 2010, the Company sold its facility in Shreveport, Louisiana. On February 20, 2011, the Company leased a terminal facility in Phoenix, Arizona for a term of four years. The facility contains a shop and office space. Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS We are a party to routine litigation incidental to our business, primarily involving claims for personal injury and property damage incurred in the transportation of freight. Though we believe these claims to be routine and immaterial to our long-term financial position, adverse results of one or more of these claims could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flow. On July 2, 2010 a former driver employee, filed a lawsuit against us titled Hermes Cerdenia vs. USA Truck, Inc. in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of San Bernardino, alleging various violations of the California Labor Code and seeking certification of the suit as a class action to include “all individuals currently and formerly employed in California as drivers, or other similarly titled positions.” The Company successfully removed the case to the United States District Court, Central District of California and has filed an answer denying 17 the plaintiff’s allegations. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages for the alleged violations. In February 2011, settlement of the lawsuit was negotiated through mediation subject to the District Court’s review and approval. Such approval is expected later in 2011. Item 4. (REMOVED AND RESERVED) 18 PART II Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Our Common Stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “USAK.” The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sale prices of our Common Stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Price Range High Low Year Ended December 31, 2010 Fourth Quarter .............................................................................................. $ Third Quarter ................................................................................................ Second Quarter .............................................................................................. First Quarter .................................................................................................. 16.05 16.91 18.79 16.97 Year Ended December 31, 2009 Fourth Quarter ................................................................................................. $ Third Quarter ................................................................................................... Second Quarter ................................................................................................ First Quarter .................................................................................................... 13.45 15.31 16.09 14.97 $ 12.50 12.29 13.57 12.05 $ 10.78 12.10 12.13 11.73 As of February 28, 2011, there were 213 holders of record (including brokerage firms and other nominees) of our Common Stock. We estimate that there were approximately 1,450 beneficial owners of the Common Stock as of that date. On February 28, 2011, the closing price of our Common Stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market was $12.79 per share. Dividend Policy We have not paid any dividends on our Common Stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends at the present time. We currently intend to retain all of our earnings, if any, for use in the expansion and development of our business. The covenants of our Credit Agreement would prohibit us from paying dividends if such payment would cause us to be in violation of any of the agreement’s covenants. Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table provides information about our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2010. The equity compensation plans that have been approved by our stockholders are our 2004 Equity Incentive Plan and our 2003 Restricted Stock Award Plan. We do not have any equity compensation plans under which equity awards are outstanding or may be granted that have not been approved by our stockholders. Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (a) Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (b) Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a)) (c) 152,600(1) $16.01(2) 518,918(3) -- 152,600 -- $16.01 -- 518,918 Plan Category Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders ....... Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders ....... Total ............................................ (1) Includes only Common Stock subject to outstanding stock options and does not include: (a) 167,836 unvested shares of restricted stock, which will vest in annual increments, subject to the attainment of specified performance goals, and which do not require the payment of exercise prices and (b) 21,704 19 unvested shares of restricted stock, which will vest in annual increments, and which do not require the payment of exercise prices. The above 167,836 shares exclude: (a) 2,000 shares of performance based restricted stock, which was deemed to be forfeited at May 31, 2010, and such forfeiture will become effective March 1, 2011, and (b) 8,830 shares of performance based restricted stock, which was deemed to be forfeited June 30, 2010, and such forfeiture will become effective April 1, 2011. (2) Excludes shares of restricted stock, which do not require the payment of exercise prices. (3) Pursuant to the terms of our 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, on the day of each annual meeting of our stockholders for a period of nine years, beginning with the 2005 Annual Meeting and ending with the 2013 Annual Meeting, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under this plan (including shares issued prior to each such adjustment) is automatically increased by a number of shares equal to the lesser of (i) 25,000 shares or (ii) such lesser number of shares (which may be zero or any number less than 25,000) as determined by our Board of Directors. Pursuant to this adjustment provision, the maximum number of shares available for issuance under this plan will increase from 1,050,000 to 1,075,000 on May 4, 2011, the date of our 2011 Annual Meeting. The share numbers included in the table do not reflect this adjustment or any future adjustments. The 518,918 shares that remain available for future grants may be granted as stock options under our 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, or alternatively, be issued as restricted stock, stock units, performance shares, performance units or other incentives payable in cash or stock. Repurchase of Equity Securities On October 21, 2009, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the repurchase of up to 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock expiring on October 21, 2012. Subject to applicable timing and other legal requirements, these repurchases may be made on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions on terms approved by the Company’s Chairman of the Board or President. Repurchased shares may be retired or held in treasury for future use for appropriate corporate purposes including issuance in connection with awards under the Company’s employee benefit plans. During the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, we did not repurchase any shares of our Common Stock. Our current repurchase authorization has 2,000,000 shares remaining. The following table sets forth information regarding shares of Common Stock purchased or that may yet be purchased by us under the current authorization during the quarter ended December 31, 2010. Period October 1, 2010 - October 31, 2010 .......... November 1, 2010 - November 30, 2010 ... December 1, 2010 - December 31, 2010 .... Total ........................................................... Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20 Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA You should read the following selected consolidated financial data and other operating information along with “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” We derived the selected Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheets data as of and for each of the five years ended December 31, 2010 from our audited financial statements. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING INFORMATION (in thousands, except per share data and key operating statistics) Statements of Operations Data: Revenue: 2010 Year Ended December 31, 2008 2009 2007 2006 Trucking revenue .......................................$ 338,369 Strategic Capacity Solutions revenue ........ 34,917 Intermodal revenue .................................... 13,597 Total base revenue ................................ 386,883 Fuel surcharge revenue .............................. 73,278 Total revenue ........................................ 460,161 $ 310,023 13,741 7,756 331,520 50,848 382,368 $ 377,095 15,861 4,601 397,557 138,063 535,620 $ 382,064 9,124 -- 391,188 90,921 482,109 $ 370,780 14,521 -- 385,301 80,317 465,618 Operating expenses and costs: Salaries, wages and employee benefits ...... Fuel and fuel taxes ..................................... Purchased transportation ............................ Depreciation and amortization ................... Operations and maintenance ...................... Insurance and claims .................................. Operating taxes and licenses ...................... Litigation verdict ....................................... Communications and utilities ..................... Gain on disposal of assets .......................... Other .......................................................... Total operating expenses and costs ...... 132,445 114,915 79,601 49,754 36,086 22,811 5,652 -- 3,948 (320) 15,177 460,069 128,319 93,803 44,058 50,152 26,594 21,086 5,642 -- 3,951 (7) 15,377 388,975 157,729 189,042 40,323 50,919 27,729 28,999 6,456 -- 4,075 (19) 18,220 523,473 162,236 153,023 18,609 49,093 25,815 31,144 6,368 4,690 3,787 (395) 19,429 473,799 152,998 138,629 19,815 46,739 21,919 27,006 6,610 -- 3,362 (541) 22,677 439,214 Operating income (loss) ................................ Other expenses (income): Interest expense .......................................... Other, net ................................................... Total other expenses, net ..................... (Loss) income before income taxes ............... Income tax expense (benefit) ......................... 92 (6,607) 12,147 8,310 26,404 3,438 (45) 3,393 (3,301) 7 3,030 (207) 2,823 (9,430) (2,253) 4,643 139 4,782 7,365 4,225 5,130 22 5,152 3,158 3,018 4,192 (134) 4,058 22,346 9,905 Net (loss) income ...........................................$ (3,308) $ (7,177) $ 3,140 $ 140 $ 12,441 Per share information: Average shares outstanding (Basic) ........... Basic (loss) earnings per share ...................$ 10,295 10,240 (0.32) $ (0.70) $ Average shares outstanding (Diluted) ........ Diluted (loss) earnings per share ................$ 10,295 10,240 (0.32) $ (0.70) $ 10,220 0.31 10,238 0.31 $ $ 10,596 0.01 11,353 1.10 $ 10,651 0.01 11,561 1.08 $ 21 SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING INFORMATION (continued) Other Financial Data: 2010 Year Ended December 31, 2008 2007 2009 2006 Operating ratio (1) .............................................. Cash flows from operations ................................$ Capital expenditures, net (2) ............................... 99.9 % 102.0 % 96.9 % 97.9 % 93.1 % 48,245 39,693 $ 32,851 39,694 $ 65,869 64,997 $ 58,585 39,967 $ 76,249 74,583 Key Operating Statistics: Base Trucking revenue per tractor per week ......$ Average miles per tractor per week .................... Empty mile factor (3) .......................................... Weighted average number of tractors (4) ........... Total miles (loaded and empty) (in thousands) ... Average miles per tractor ................................... Average miles per trip (5) ................................... Average age of tractors, at end of period (in months) ............................................................ Average age of trailers, at end of period (in months) ............................................................ 2,765 2,016 10.0 % 2,347 246,742 105,131 560 29 67 $ 2,543 1,972 $ 2,839 2,216 $ 2,842 2,236 $ 10.9 % 10.7 % 11.1 % 2,831 2,186 10.3 % 2,338 240,379 102,814 599 2,540 294,248 115,846 718 2,578 300,577 116,593 784 27 63 24 51 25 42 2,512 286,317 113,980 837 21 36 Balance Sheets Data: Cash and cash equivalents ..................................$ Total assets ......................................................... Long-term debt, capital leases and note payable, including current portion ................... Stockholders’ equity ........................................... Total debt, less cash, to total capitalization ratio 2,726 327,385 $ 797 330,700 $ 1,541 332,268 $ 8,014 332,938 $ 7,132 339,494 99,525 137,708 103,592 140,546 97,605 146,773 96,162 143,191 95,406 159,558 40.8 % 42.1 % 39.3 % 36.8 % 34.6 % (1) Operating ratio is based upon total operating expenses, net of fuel surcharge revenue, as a percentage of base revenue. (2) Capital expenditures, net equals cash purchases of property and equipment plus the liability incurred for leases on revenue equipment less proceeds from the sale of property and equipment. (3) The empty mile factor is the number of miles traveled for which we are not typically compensated by any customer as a percentage of total miles traveled. (4) Weighted average number of tractors includes Company-operated tractors in-service plus owner-operator tractors. (5) Average miles per trip is based upon loaded miles divided by the number of Trucking shipments. Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Overview The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (or MD&A) is intended to help the reader understand USA Truck, Inc., our operations and our present business environment. MD&A is provided as a supplement to and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and other financial information that appears elsewhere in this report. This overview summarizes the MD&A, which includes the following sections: Our Business – a general description of our business, the organization of our operations and the service offerings that comprise our operations. 22 Results of Operations – an analysis of our consolidated results of operations for the three years presented in our consolidated financial statements and a discussion of seasonality, the potential impact of inflation and fuel availability and cost. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements – a discussion of significant financial arrangements, if any, that are not reflected on our balance sheet. Liquidity and Capital Resources – an analysis of cash flows, sources and uses of cash, debt, equity and contractual obligations. Critical Accounting Estimates – a discussion of accounting policies that require critical judgment and estimates. Our Business We operate in the for-hire truckload segment of the trucking industry. Customers in a variety of industries engage us to haul truckload quantities of freight, with the trailer we use to haul that freight being assigned exclusively to that customer’s freight until delivery. We have various service offerings, which we combine into three operating segments, through which we provide transportation services. We aggregate the financial data for these operating segments into one reportable segment for purposes of our public reporting. Our business is classified into the Trucking operating segment, SCS operating segment and rail Intermodal operating segment. Our Trucking operating segment provides transportation services in which we use Company- owned tractors and owner-operator tractors. Our SCS operating segment, consisting entirely of freight brokerage typically does not involve the use of Company-owned or owner-operator equipment. However, our Intermodal operating segment used Company-owned equipment to generate a significant portion of its revenue in 2010. All three operating segments have similar economic characteristics and are impacted by virtually the same economic factors as discussed elsewhere in this report. Accordingly, they have been aggregated into one segment for financial reporting purposes. Substantially all of our base revenue from these segments is generated by transporting, or arranging for the transportation of, freight for customers, and is predominantly affected by the rates per mile received from our customers and similar operating costs. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, Trucking base revenue represented 87.5%, 93.5% and 94.9% of total base revenue, respectively, with remaining base revenue being generated through SCS and Intermodal. We generally charge customers for our services on a per-mile basis. The main factors that impact our profitability on the expense side are the variable costs of transporting freight for our customers. The variable costs include fuel expense, insurance and claims and driver-related expenses, such as wages and benefits. Trucking. Trucking includes the following primary service offerings provided to our customers: (cid:120) General Freight. Our General Freight service offering provides truckload freight services as a short- to medium-haul common carrier. We have provided General Freight services since our inception and we derive the largest portion of our revenues from these services. (cid:120) Dedicated Freight. Our Dedicated Freight service offering is a variation of our General Freight service, whereby we agree to make our equipment and drivers available to a specific customer for shipments over particular routes at specified times. In addition to serving specific customer needs, our Dedicated Freight service offering also aids in driver recruitment and retention. Strategic Capacity Solutions. Our SCS operating segment consists entirely of our freight brokerage service offering which matches customer shipments with available equipment of authorized carriers and provides services that complement our Trucking operations. We provide these services primarily to our existing Trucking customers, many of whom prefer to rely on a single carrier, or a small group of carriers, to provide all of their transportation needs. To date, a majority of the customers of SCS have also engaged us to provide services through one or more of our Trucking service offerings. Intermodal. Our Intermodal operating segment, consisting entirely of rail intermodal services, provides our customers cost savings over General Freight with a slightly slower transit speed, while allowing us to reposition our equipment to maximize our freight network yield. Intermodal shipping is a method of transporting freight using multiple modes of transportation between origin and destination, with the freight remaining in a trailer or special container throughout the trip. Our rail intermodal services involve transporting, or arranging the transportation of, freight on trucks to a third party who uses a different mode of transportation, specifically rail, to complete the other portion of the shipment. During August 2010, the Company entered into a long-term agreement with BNSF Railway to lease 53’ domestic intermodal containers. Prior to the agreement, the 23 majority of Intermodal’s revenue was derived from TOFC service. The addition of private containers offers the Company an opportunity to continue its growth in the intermodal marketplace and to continue to offer our customers additional transportation solutions. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, rail intermodal services generated approximately 3.5%, 2.3% and 1.2%, respectively, of total base revenue. We previously included the results of our COFC portion of our rail Intermodal service offering in our SCS operating segment. The TOFC portion of our rail Intermodal service offering was classified within our Trucking operating segment. COFC and TOFC are now combined and reported as Intermodal. Results of Operations Executive Overview Improved operational execution pursuant to our VEVA (“Vision for Economic Value Added”) strategic plan led to our improved fourth quarter results with base revenue being improved 19.8% and loss per share being reduced 29.2%. For the year, we generated approximately $10.0 million additional free cash flow (cash flow from operations less net cash used in investing activities) and at the end of the year, our balance sheet was strengthened with $4.1 million less debt and a lower total debt less cash to total capitalization ratio (40.8% compared to 42.1% at the end of 2009). We appreciate the commitment and hard work of our team members as we continue to post improved year-over-year results. In our Trucking operations, base Trucking revenue per loaded mile improved $0.09 (6.4%), our empty mile factor declined to 10.1% (down 41 basis points) and loaded miles were up 3.3% (on 2.1% fleet growth, 10.3% load count growth and 0.6% better tractor utilization). We attribute these improvements to a slightly better year-over- year freight environment and to improved compliance with our Spider Web freight network design (46.3% of our fourth quarter 2010 loads moved in Spider Web lanes compared to 37.1% in the fourth quarter 2009). Spider Web loads moved during this quarter yielded an additional $0.23 of revenue per mile in price than loads moved in other lanes. We also produced substantial revenue growth in our asset-light services (SCS and Intermodal), which represented 15.2% of base revenue during the fourth quarter of 2010 compared to just 7.6% for the comparable period of the prior year. Base revenue in SCS, our brokerage service offering, grew 142.9% to $10.1 million, and Intermodal base revenue increased 135.6% to $5.4 million. All of those improvements combined, however, were not enough to overcome three substantial cost headwinds that amounted to nearly $0.23 per share for the fourth quarter of 2010: 1. Increased fuel costs adversely impacted the quarter by approximately $0.05 per share, driven by a $0.41 per gallon increase in our average price at the pump. During the fourth quarter, the national average retail price of diesel fuel as reported by the U.S. Department of Energy rose during nine out of 13 weeks, including four consecutive weeks in December. Pursuant to agreements with our customers, we add a surcharge for excess fuel costs to our freight bills. While most of our contracts allow us to adjust the rate of that surcharge weekly based on the national average retail price of diesel fuel, there is a lag period. In periods of rising prices, our fuel surcharge is based on the previous week’s lower diesel price while we are paying the current week’s higher diesel price at the pump. 2. An increase in claims activity during the quarter resulted in approximately $0.06 per share of additional insurance and claims expense. 3. We also experienced an increase of approximately $0.12 per share in equipment maintenance expense during the quarter. Our maintenance costs remain stubbornly high as a result of (a) our older in-service tractor and trailer fleets, which had an average age of approximately 27 and 66 months, respectively, compared to approximately 27 and 62 months at the end of 2009, (b) the preparation costs we incurred as a result of increased equipment sales, (c) our continuing efforts to improve our safety and compliance performance, and (d) an increase in the costs recorded for tires placed into service. We have implemented a number of measures that we expect will eventually lower our overall maintenance costs. Several of our initiatives are already showing progress. We are realigning our maintenance network to provide repair and maintenance facilities consistent within our Spider Web freight network. We have also increased our maintenance staff and extended operating hours at high volume terminals in an effort to provide for better coverage of maintenance needs. Additionally, we have advanced our tractor trade cycle in order to retire older equipment and introduce new equipment into the fleet (including approximately 400 to 600 new tractors, as well as approximately 300 new trailers, in 2011). 24 Our Trucking division is executing a detailed strategy during this winter’s bid season to improve our network density in Spider Web lanes. We enter this bid season with more experience, better technology, more capable personnel and an even sharper focus on winning the right freight with the right customers. Our goal is to add 1,000 weekly Spider Web loads. Our Intermodal division has a similar focus. Last fall, we took possession of our first group of intermodal containers, so we expect to continue to penetrate that market through both our existing customers and new ones. Our efforts are focused on a handful of lanes in which we can build density and minimize costs. Overall, we are not satisfied with our absolute results during the fourth quarter of 2010, but we are pleased with our progress. While the pace of that progress is not always as fast or as linear as we would like, our commitment is to long-term results as prescribed by our VEVA strategic plan. Note Regarding Presentation By agreement with our customers, and consistent with industry practice, we add a graduated surcharge to the rates we charge our customers as diesel fuel prices increase above an agreed upon baseline price per gallon. The surcharge is designed to approximately offset increases in fuel costs above the baseline. Fuel prices are volatile, and the fuel surcharge increases our revenue at different rates for each period. We believe that comparing operating costs and expenses to total revenue, including the fuel surcharge, could provide a distorted comparison of our operating performance, particularly when comparing results for current and prior periods. Therefore, we have used base revenue, which excludes the fuel surcharge revenue, and instead taken the fuel surcharge as a credit against the fuel and fuel taxes and purchased transportation line items in the table setting forth the percentage relationship of certain items to base revenue below. We do not believe that a reconciliation of the information presented on this basis and corresponding information comparing operating costs and expenses to total revenue would be meaningful. Data regarding both total revenue, which includes the fuel surcharge, and base revenue, which excludes the fuel surcharge, is included in the consolidated statements of operations included in this report. Base revenues from our SCS operating segment, consisting entirely of base revenues from our freight brokerage service offering, have fluctuated in recent periods. This service offering typically does not involve the use of our tractors and trailers. Therefore, an increase in these revenues tends to cause expenses related to our operations that do involve our equipment—including fuel expense, depreciation and amortization expense, operations and maintenance expense, salaries, wages and employee benefits and insurance and claims expense—to decrease as a percentage of base revenue, and a decrease in these revenues tends to cause those expenses to increase as a percentage of base revenue with a related change in purchased transportation expense. Since changes in SCS revenues generally affect all such expenses, as a percentage of base revenue, we do not specifically mention it as a factor in our discussion of increases or decreases in the other expenses presented in the consolidated statements of operations in the period-to-period comparisons below. Base revenues from our SCS operating segment increased approximately 154.1% from December 31, 2009 to December 31, 2010 and decreased approximately 13.4% from December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2009. However, base revenues from our SCS operating segment represented only 9.0%, 4.1% and 4.0%, of total base revenue for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. 25 Relationship of Certain Items to Base Revenue The following table sets forth the percentage relationship of certain items to base revenue for the years indicated. The period-to-period comparisons below should be read in conjunction with this table and our consolidated statements of operations and accompanying notes. Base revenue.................................................................. Operating expenses and costs: Salaries, wages and employee benefits ..................... Fuel and fuel taxes (1) ............................................... Purchased transportation ........................................... Depreciation and amortization .................................. Operations and maintenance ..................................... Insurance and claims ................................................. Operating taxes and licenses ..................................... Communications and utilities .................................... Gain on disposal of revenue equipment, net ............. Other.......................................................................... Total operating expenses and costs ...................... Operating income (loss) ............................................... Other expenses: Interest expense ......................................................... Other, net ................................................................... Total other expenses, net ..................................... (Loss) income before income taxes .............................. Income tax (benefit) expense ....................................... Net (loss) income ........................................................... (1) Net of fuel surcharges. Year Ended December 31, 2009 100.0 % 2010 100.0 % 2008 100.0 % 34.2 13.0 18.3 12.9 9.3 5.9 1.5 1.0 (0.1) 3.9 99.9 0.1 0.9 -- 0.9 (0.8) -- (0.8) % 38.7 13.9 12.4 15.1 8.0 6.4 1.7 1.2 -- 4.6 102.0 (2.0) 39.7 13.8 9.2 12.8 7.0 7.3 1.5 1.0 -- 4.6 96.9 3.1 0.9 (0.1) 0.8 (2.8) (0.7) (2.1) % 1.2 -- 1.2 1.9 1.1 0.8 % Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2010 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2009 Results of Operations – Combined Services Overall, our base revenue increased 16.7% from $331.5 million to $386.9 million; see each operating segment’s section below for a detailed explanation. Net loss for all service offerings was $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, as compared to a net loss of $7.2 million for the same period of 2009. Overall, our operating ratio improved by 2.1 percentage points of base revenue to 99.9% due to the following factors: (cid:120) (cid:120) Salaries, wages and employee benefits decreased by 4.5 percentage points of base revenue due in large part to a 125.7% increase in non-trucking revenue, a 6.3% increase in our Trucking base revenue per mile and to a lesser extent, a decrease of 5.7% in our empty miles. If our SCS and Intermodal revenues continue to increase, we would expect salaries, wages and employee benefits to continue to decrease as a percentage of base revenue absent offsetting increases in those expenses. Additionally, regulatory changes could cause a reduction in eligible drivers which could require us to increase driver compensation in the future. Fuel and fuel taxes as a percent of base revenue decreased 0.9 percentage points of base revenue year over year. The reduction was driven by the above-mentioned increase in non-trucking revenue and a $1.2 million gain recognized on the sale of a fuel contract during the second quarter which was recorded as a reduction of fuel expense. These reductions were partially offset by an increase in fuel costs of 21.1% per gallon and a 1.2% reduction in fuel economy attributed to the harsh winter weather experienced in the first quarter of 2010 combined with miles per gallon degradation associated with higher mileage equipment. On May 25, 2010 we entered into an agreement to purchase 0.5 million gallons of diesel fuel per month for the time period of July 2010 through June 2012 as a hedge against the price of diesel fuel. On June 28, 2010 we sold the contract to lock in the related gains, which resulted in a net of tax gain of $0.07 per share. 26 Fuel costs may continue to be affected in the future by price fluctuations, the terms and collectability of fuel surcharge revenue, the percentage of total miles driven by independent contractors, the diversification of our business model into less asset-intensive operations and fuel efficiency. (cid:120) Purchased transportation, which is comprised of independent contractors compensation and fees paid to external transportation providers such as railroads, drayage carriers, brokerage carriers and Mexican carriers, increased by 5.9 percentage points of base revenue. This increase was due primarily to a 131.5% increase in carrier expense associated with our SCS and Intermodal operating segments revenue growth combined with a 31.6% increase in our independent contractors expense. We expect this expense would continue to increase when compared to prior periods if we can achieve our long-term goals to increase the revenue of our SCS and Intermodal operating segments and grow our independent contractor fleet. (cid:120) Depreciation and amortization decreased 2.2 percentage points of base revenue due to the above-mentioned increase in net Trucking revenue per mile and an increase in the percentage of our fleet comprised of independent contractors, which were partially offset by higher prices for new tractors due to Environmental Protection Agency mandates on engine emissions, especially with the introduction of the 2010 emission standards. As a result of our plan to reduce the age of our fleet and due to increased costs of new equipment, we expect depreciation and amortization expense to increase. Depreciation and amortization expense may be affected in the future as equipment manufacturers change prices and if the prices of used equipment fluctuate. (cid:120) Operations and maintenance expense increased 1.3 percentage points of base revenue primarily due to our increased maintenance costs on our higher mileage equipment, a change in our method of accounting for tires in the previous year and preparation costs incurred related to an increase in equipment sales. These increases were partially offset by the above-mentioned increase in net Trucking revenue per mile and due to Company-owned equipment representing a lower percentage of our fleet. The average age of our in- service tractor and trailer fleet at December 31, 2010 was 27 and 67 months, respectively, compared to 27 and 63 months at the end of 2009. On April 1, 2009, we changed our method of accounting for tires which changed the way we recognized cost for tires placed into service. Accordingly, operations and maintenance expense related to this change increased in 2010 over that of 2009 by approximately $3.3 million. Operations and maintenance expense may decrease as the age of our fleet decreases as newer equipment is less expensive to operate and maintain. However, we do not expect to see the benefits of the new equipment in this line item for a number of quarters. Additionally, we expect any effect of the new equipment on the first quarter to be masked as winter weather typically increases maintenance costs and as we continue to experience the increased costs associated with the maintenance provisions mandated by the recently enacted CSA. (cid:120) Insurance and claims expense decreased 0.5 percentage points of base revenue year over year, despite heightened claims activity in the fourth quarter, as we have seen an overall reduction in the severity of motor vehicle accidents which, in effect, has contributed to a decrease in bodily injury and property damage claims and physical damage claims. Also having a positive impact has been the continuing education of our drivers regarding accident prevention. If we are able to continue to successfully execute our “War on Accidents” safety initiative, we would expect insurance and claims expense to gradually decrease over the long term, though remaining volatile from period-to-period. (cid:120) Operating taxes and licenses expense decreased 0.2 percentage points of base revenue primarily due to a 0.9% decrease in Company-owned tractors. (cid:120) Other expense decreased 0.7 percentage points of base revenue due to cost controls implemented in several areas of the Company and a reduction in software conversion costs combined with the increase in our net Trucking revenue per mile. (cid:120) Our effective tax rate decreased from 23.9% in 2009 to 0.2% in 2010. Income tax expense varies from the amount computed by applying the federal tax rate to income before income taxes primarily due to state income taxes, net of federal income tax effect, adjusted for permanent differences, the most significant of which is the effect of the per diem pay structure for drivers. Due to the partially nondeductible effect of per diem payments, our tax rate will vary in future periods based on fluctuations in earnings and in the number of drivers who elect to receive this pay structure. 27 Results of Operations – Trucking Key Operating Statistics: Total miles (in thousands) (1) ........................................... Empty mile factor (2) ........................................................ Weighted average number of tractors (3) ......................... Average miles per tractor per period................................. Average miles per tractor per week .................................. Average miles per trip (4) ................................................. Base Trucking revenue per tractor per week .................... $ Number of tractors at end of period (3) ............................ Operating ratio (5) ............................................................ Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2010 246,742 10.0 % 2,347 105,131 2,016 560 2,765 2,363 99.9 % $ 2009 240,379 10.9 % 2,338 102,814 1,972 599 2,543 2,328 102.0 % (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Total miles include both loaded and empty miles. The empty mile factor is the number of miles traveled for which we are not typically compensated by any customer as a percentage of total miles traveled. Tractors include Company-operated tractors currently in service plus owner-operator tractors. Average miles per trip is based upon loaded miles divided by the number of Trucking shipments. Operating ratio is based upon total operating expenses, net of fuel surcharge revenue, as a percentage of base revenue. Base Revenue Base revenue from our Trucking operating segment increased 9.1% to $338.4 million from $310.0 million. Overall, while the weighted average size of our Trucking segment’s tractor fleet has increased 0.4%, we have decreased the weighted average size of the Company-owned tractor fleet by 0.9% to 2,165 tractors and grown our weighted average independent contractor fleet by 19.0% to 182 tractors. We are committed to improving the pricing yield within our Trucking segment and have implemented Velocity and Yield Management initiatives to reach our goals. Consistent with that philosophy, we have continued to make improvements as we reduced our empty mile factor by 8.2% and our average length-of-haul by 6.5% while increasing our velocity (number of times we load our fleet each week) by 10.6% and our Trucking base revenue per mile by 6.3%. Results of Operations – SCS and Intermodal Base revenue from our SCS operating segment increased 154.1% to $34.9 million from $13.7 million while base revenue from our Intermodal operating segment increased 75.3% to $13.6 million from $7.8 million. Overall, the base revenue growth for both our SCS and our Intermodal operating segments can be attributed to our efforts to integrate and cross-sell these asset-light services with our traditional Trucking services. In addition, we are continuing to build our SCS infrastructure by establishing and developing new branches across the United States. Also, we anticipate our Intermodal revenue to increase in the coming quarters as we have taken delivery of leased containers which will increase our presence in the COFC intermodal business. Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2009 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2008 Results of Operations – Combined Services Our base revenue decreased 16.6% from $397.6 million to $331.5 million, for the reasons addressed in the Trucking and the SCS sections below. Net loss for all service offerings was $7.2 million as compared to a net income of $3.1 million for 2008. Overall, our operating ratio increased by 5.1 percentage points of base revenue to 102.0% as a result of the following factors: (cid:120) Salaries, wages and employee benefits decreased by 1.0 percentage point of base revenue due to a 54.5% increase in the average number of owner-operator tractors to 153, a 2.1% increase in base revenue per mile and to a lesser extent a 2.1% decrease in driver pay per mile. If we are able to 28 continue to increase owner-operator tractors as a percentage of our total fleet, we would expect salaries, wages and employee benefits would continue to decrease as a percentage of base revenue absent offsetting increases in those expenses. We have begun to see evidence of a tightening market of eligible drivers and anticipate that the implementation of CSA and new hours-of-service rules being reviewed by the Department of Transportation may reduce the pool of eligible drivers and lead to increases in driver expenses that would increase salaries, wages and employee benefits. (cid:120) Although fuel and fuel tax expense net of fuel surcharge revenue as a percent of base revenue remained relatively flat from 2008 to 2009, quarterly fluctuations throughout 2009 significantly impacted our interim results. For example, fuel prices were falling dramatically during the fourth quarter of 2008, but were climbing throughout the fourth quarter of 2009. As diesel fuel prices increase above an agreed-upon baseline price per gallon, we add a graduated surcharge to the rates we charge our customers. The surcharge is designed to approximately offset increases in fuel costs above the baseline. However, because our fuel surcharge recovery lags behind changes in actual diesel prices, we generally do not recover the increased cost we are paying for fuel when prices are rising (as in the most recent quarter). Conversely, we generally collect excess fuel surcharge revenue when prices are declining. While the diesel price volatility tends to equalize over time, it can have a profound impact on an individual quarter. (cid:120) Depreciation and amortization increased by 2.3 percentage points of base revenue primarily due to a 11.0% decrease in miles per tractor per week and an 8.2% increase in depreciation per tractor. This was partially offset by the above-mentioned increase in the average number of owner-operator tractors, which bear their own depreciation and amortization expense. Prices for new tractors have risen in recent years due to Environmental Protection Agency mandates on engine emissions, and they are expected to rise again with the introduction of the 2010 emissions standards. (cid:120) Insurance and claims decreased by 0.9 percentage point of base revenue primarily due to a decrease in adverse claims experience and a reduction in the frequency of accidents. Department of Transportation reportable accidents fell approximately 24.2% in 2009. If we are able to continue to successfully execute our “War on Accidents” safety initiative we would expect insurance and claims expense to gradually decrease over the long term, though remaining volatile from period-to-period. (cid:120) Operations and maintenance increased by 1.0 percentage point of base revenue due to an increase in the percentage of our total freight volume residing in the Northeast, which has a higher number of toll roads. The average age of our tractor fleet has increased from 24 months in 2008 to 27 in 2009 and our trailer fleet increased from 52 months in 2008 to 63 months in 2009. As the age of tractors and trailers increase, the cost to maintain the equipment generally rises. However, as the number of miles per tractor decreases due to a shorter length-of-haul, this may allow us to keep the tractors for longer periods of time. (cid:120) Purchased transportation increased by 3.2 percentage points of base revenue due primarily to the above-mentioned increase in owner-operator tractors and an increase in carrier expense associated with our SCS operating segment. We expect this expense will continue to increase when compared to prior periods if we can achieve our goals to grow our owner-operator tractor fleet and increase the revenue of our SCS operating segment. (cid:120) Our effective tax rate decreased from 57.4% in 2008 to 23.9% in 2009. Income tax expense varies from the amount computed by applying the federal tax rate to income before income taxes primarily due to state income taxes, net of federal income tax effect and due to permanent differences, the most significant of which is the effect of the per diem pay structure for drivers. Due to the partially nondeductible effect of per diem payments, our tax rate will vary in future periods based on fluctuations in earnings and in the number of drivers who elect to receive this pay structure. 29 Results of Operations – Trucking Key Operating Statistics: Fiscal Year Ended December 31, Total miles (in thousands) (1) ........................................... Empty mile factor (2) ........................................................ Weighted average number of tractors (3) ......................... Average miles per tractor per period................................. Average miles per tractor per week .................................. Average miles per trip (4) ................................................. Base Trucking revenue per tractor per week .................... $ Number of tractors at end of period (3) ............................ Operating ratio (5) ............................................................ 2009 240,379 10.9 % 2,338 102,814 1,972 599 2,543 2,328 102.0 % $ 2008 294,248 10.7 % 2,540 115,846 2,216 718 2,839 2,392 96.9 % (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Total miles include both loaded and empty miles. The empty mile factor is the number of miles traveled for which we are not typically compensated by any customer as a percentage of total miles traveled. Tractors include Company-operated tractors currently in service plus owner-operator tractors. Average miles per trip is based upon loaded miles divided by the number of Trucking shipments. Operating ratio is based upon total operating expenses, net of fuel surcharge revenue, as a percentage of base revenue. Base Revenue Base revenue from Trucking decreased by 17.8% to $310.0 million. The decrease was the result of several factors: (cid:120) Our miles per tractor per week decreased 11.0% and the weighted average number of tractors decreased 8.0%. (cid:120) Depressed freight volumes and excess competition for available loads drove down our revenue per tractor per week by approximately 10.4%. Results of Operations – SCS and Intermodal We finished the year with base revenue from Strategic Capacity Solutions of $13.7 million, a decrease of 13.4%, while base revenue from our Intermodal segment increased 68.6% to $7.8 million. Seasonality In the trucking industry, revenues generally decrease as customers reduce shipments during the winter holiday season and as inclement weather impedes operations. At the same time, operating expenses increase, due primarily to decreased fuel efficiency and increased maintenance costs. Future revenues could be impacted if our customers, particularly those with manufacturing operations, reduce shipments due to temporary plant closings. Historically, many of our customers have closed their plants for maintenance or other reasons during January and July. Inflation Although most of our operating expenses are inflation sensitive, the effect of inflation on revenue and operating costs has been minimal over the past three years. The effect of inflation-driven cost increases on our overall operating costs would not be expected to be greater for us than for our competitors. Fuel Availability and Cost The motor carrier industry is dependent upon the availability of fuel. Fuel shortages or increases in fuel taxes or fuel costs have adversely affected our profitability and will continue to do so. Fuel prices have fluctuated widely, and fuel prices and fuel taxes have generally increased in recent years. We have not experienced difficulty in maintaining necessary fuel supplies, and in the past we generally have been able to partially offset increases in fuel costs and fuel taxes through increased freight rates and through a fuel surcharge that increases incrementally as the price of fuel increases above an agreed upon baseline price per gallon. Typically, we are not able to fully recover increases in fuel prices through rate increases and fuel surcharges, primarily because those items do not provide any 30 benefit with respect to empty and out-of-route miles, for which we typically do not receive compensation from customers. Overall, the market fuel prices per gallon were higher in 2010 than they were in 2009 but lower in 2010 than they were in 2008. On May 25, 2010, we entered into a contract to hedge approximately 0.5 million gallons of diesel fuel per month for the time period of July 2010 through June 2012. Under this agreement we pay a fixed rate per gallon of heating oil and receive the monthly average price of NYMEX HO heating oil. As diesel fuel is not a traded commodity on the futures market, heating oil is used as a substitute for diesel fuel as prices for both generally move in similar directions. On June 28, 2010, the Company sold its contract related to the forecasted purchase of diesel fuel for the time period of July 2010 through June 2012 to lock in related gains. The purchase contract had not been designated as a hedge for accounting purposes; therefore, the related gain was recorded as a reduction in fuel expense of approximately $1.2 million on a pre-tax basis and on a net of tax basis of approximately $0.7 million or $0.07 per share for the quarter ended June 30, 2010. At December 31, 2010, we did not have any long-term fuel purchase contracts and we have not entered into any other hedging arrangements that protect us against fuel price increases. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements From time to time, we enter into operating leases relating to certain facilities, office equipment and revenue equipment that are not reflected in our balance sheet. We do not currently have off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our consolidated financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. Liquidity and Capital Resources The continued growth of our business has required significant investments in new revenue equipment. We have financed new tractor and trailer purchases predominantly with cash flows from operations, the proceeds from sales or trades of used equipment, borrowings under our Credit Agreement and capital lease-purchase arrangements. We have historically met our working capital needs with cash flows from operations and with borrowings under our Credit Agreement. During 2010, the maximum amount borrowed under the Credit Agreement, including letters of credit, reached approximately 68.3% of the total amount available at its highest point and we ended the year with outstanding borrowings, including letters of credit equal to approximately 51.8% of the total amount available. We use the Credit Agreement to minimize fluctuations in cash flow needs and to provide flexibility in financing revenue equipment purchases. At December 31, 2010, we had approximately $48.2 million available under our Credit Agreement and $65.5 million of availability for new capital leases under existing lease facilities, of which only $50.0 million has been authorized for use by the Company’s Board of Directors. Management is not aware of any known trends or uncertainties that would cause a significant change in our sources of liquidity. We expect our principal sources of capital to be sufficient to finance our operations, annual debt maturities, lease commitments, letter of credit commitments, stock repurchases and capital expenditures over the next twelve months. There can be no assurance, however, that such sources will be sufficient to fund our operations and all expansion plans for the next several years, or that any necessary additional financing will be available, if at all, in amounts required or on terms satisfactory to us. Our balance sheet debt, less cash, represents 40.8% of our total capitalization, and we have no material off- balance sheet debt. We have financed approximately $10.1 million of our 2010 tractor purchases with 36 and 45- month, fixed-rate capital leases. Our capital leases currently represent 48.8 % of our total debt and carry an average fixed rate of 3.5%. Not only does that provide us with a natural hedge against recent London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) volatility, but it has also freed up availability on our revolving credit line on which, at December 31, 2010, we could borrow up to an additional $48.2 million without violating any of our current financial covenants. Despite an increase in our capital expenditures, we produced $18.1 million in free cash flow (cash flow from operations less cash used in investing activities) during 2010, which was approximately $10.0 million more than that of 2009. We expect our 2011 capital expenditures to be greater than the 2010 levels. In summary, based on our operating results, anticipated future cash flows, and current availability under our Credit Agreement and capital lease-purchase arrangements that we expect will be available to us, we do not expect to experience significant liquidity constraints in 2011. If the credit markets erode, we may not be able to access our current sources of credit and our lenders may not have the capital to fund those sources. We may need to incur additional indebtedness or issue debt or equity securities in the future to refinance existing debt, fund working capital requirements, make investments or for 31 general corporate purposes. As a result of contractions in the credit market, as well as other economic trends in the credit market industry, we may not be able to secure financing for future activities on satisfactory terms, or at all. If we are not successful in obtaining sufficient financing because we are unable to access the capital markets on financially economical or feasible terms, it could impact our ability to provide services to our customers and may materially and adversely affect our business, financial results, current operations, results of operations and potential investments. Cash Flows (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2010 Net cash provided by operating activities ........................... $ Net cash used in investing activities ................................... Net cash used in financing activities .................................. $ 48,245 (29,509) (16,807) 32,851 $ (24,095) (9,500) 65,869 (26,359) (45,983) Cash generated from operations increased $15.4 million during 2010 as compared to 2009. Several factors contributed to the increase: (cid:120) Our net loss was reduced $3.9 million, from $7.2 million in 2009 to $3.3 million in 2010. (cid:120) A reduction of $8.2 million in deferred taxes from 2009 to 2010. (cid:120) A $10.4 million increase in cash provided from accounts receivable resulting primarily from receipt of a $10.5 million IRS receivable during 2010. (cid:120) A decrease in cash used in trade accounts payable and accrued expenses of $6.9 million resulting from the timing and increase in fuel and maintenance related expenses. Based on our 2009 results of operations, we reduced our accrual for income taxes, which lowered our outstanding tax liability. (cid:120) A $5.6 million decrease in the use of cash relating to insurance and claims accruals. The most significant component of which was the settlement for the All-Ways Logistics verdict in 2009. (cid:120) A $1.9 million increase in inventories, prepaid expenses and other current assets, resulting primarily from an increase in capitalized tire costs. In comparison, cash generated from operations decreased $33.0 million during 2009 as compared to 2008, due to the following: (cid:120) A decrease in net income of $10.3 million. (cid:120) A $7.0 million reduction in deferred taxes. (cid:120) A decrease in cash provided from accounts receivable of $17.8 million resulting from extended customer payment terms and improved freight volumes during the fourth quarter. (cid:120) An increase of $3.3 million in cash used for prepaid expenses due to our change in accounting for tires. (cid:120) An increase in cash used in trade accounts payable, accrued expenses and insurance and claims accruals of $8.4 million, the most significant component of which was the settlement for the All-Ways Logistics verdict. Cash used in investing activities increased $5.4 million during 2010 as compared to 2009. The increase was primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures. The increase in our capital expenditures was due to an increase in revenue equipment purchases resulting from our equipment trade cycle as well as the purchase of SkyBitz® trailer tracking devices. During 2009, cash used in investing activities decreased $2.3 million as compared to 2008 due to a decrease in net capital expenditures of $2.4 million. The decline was due to a reduction in revenue equipment purchases resulting from our equipment trade cycle. Cash used in financing activities increased $7.3 million during 2010 as compared to 2009. The $7.3 million increase was primarily attributable to our net borrowings on our Credit Agreement. Our net borrowing decreased $10.3 million, from $13.5 million in 2009 to $3.2 million in 2010. The decrease in cash provided from our net borrowing was partially offset by a decline in cash payments relating to the principal payments of our capital leases. During 2010, we used $17.4 million to fund the principal portion of our lease obligations compared to $23.0 million for 2009. During 2009, cash used in financing activities decreased $36.5 million as compared to 2008. Of the 32 $36.5 million decrease, $23.4 million was due to a change in net borrowing on our Facility; we borrowed $13.5 million in 2009 compared to a $9.9 million pay down in 2008. We used $4.1 million less cash for principle payments on our capital leases due to less equipment financed under capital leases in 2009. Bank drafts payable decreased $8.5 million due to the timing of equipment purchases and reduced payrolls. Debt On April 19, 2010, we entered into a new Credit Agreement with Branch Banking and Trust Company as Administrative Agent, which replaced our Amended and Restated Senior Credit Facility that was to mature on September 1, 2010. The Credit Agreement provides for available borrowings of up to $100.0 million, including letters of credit not exceeding $25.0 million. Availability may be reduced by a borrowing base limit as defined in the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement provides an accordion feature allowing us to increase the maximum borrowing amount by up to an additional $75.0 million in the aggregate in one or more increases, subject to certain conditions. The Credit Agreement bears variable interest based on the type of borrowing and on the Administrative Agent’s prime rate or the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a certain percentage, which is determined based on our attainment of certain financial ratios. A quarterly commitment fee is payable on the unused portion of the credit line and bears a rate which is determined based on our attainment of certain financial ratios. The obligations of the Company under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Company and secured by a pledge of substantially all of the Company’s assets with the exception of real estate. The Credit Agreement includes usual and customary events of default for a facility of this nature and provides that, upon the occurrence and continuation of an event of default, payment of all amounts payable under the Credit Agreement may be accelerated, and the lenders’ commitments may be terminated. The Credit Agreement contains certain restrictions and covenants relating to, among other things, dividends, liens, acquisitions and dispositions outside of the ordinary course of business, and affiliate transactions. The new Credit Agreement will expire on April 19, 2014. As the previous Facility was scheduled to mature on September 1, 2010, during the quarter ended September 30, 2009, we reclassified the related debt from long-term to short-term. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are classified as “base rate loans,” “LIBOR loans” or “Euro dollar loans.” Base rate loans accrue interest at a base rate equal to the Administrative Agent’s prime rate plus an applicable margin that is adjusted quarterly between 0.0% and 1.0%, based on the Company’s leverage ratio. LIBOR loans accrue interest at LIBOR plus an applicable margin that is adjusted quarterly between 2.00% and 3.25% based on the Company’s leverage ratio. Euro dollar loans accrue interest at the LIBOR rate in effect at the beginning of the month in which the borrowing occurs plus an applicable margin that is adjusted quarterly between 2.00% and 3.25% based on the Company’s leverage ratio. On a per annum basis, the Company must pay a fee on the unused amount of the revolving credit facility of between 0.25% and 0.375% based on the Company’s leverage ratio, and it must pay an annual administrative fee to the Administrative Agent of 0.03% of the total commitments. The interest rate on our overnight borrowings under the Credit Agreement at December 31, 2010 was 3.25%. The interest rate including all borrowings made under the Credit Agreement at December 31, 2010 was 2.6%. The interest rate on the Company’s borrowings under the Credit Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2010 was 2.6%. A quarterly commitment fee is payable on the unused portion of the credit line and bears a rate which is determined based on our attainment of certain financial ratios. At December 31, 2010, the rate was 0.25% per annum. The Credit Agreement is collateralized by revenue equipment having a net book value of $164.6 million at December 31, 2010, and all trade and other receivables. The Credit Agreement requires us to meet certain financial covenants (i.e., a maximum leverage ratio of 3.25 until December 31, 2010 and 3.00 thereafter, and a minimum fixed charge ratio of 1.4) and to maintain a minimum tangible net worth of approximately $106.1 million at December 31, 2010. We were in compliance with these covenants at December 31, 2010. The covenants would prohibit the payment of dividends by us if such payment would cause us to be in violation of any of the covenants. As the Company refinanced its debt in April 2010, the borrowings under the Credit Agreement approximate its fair value. We have entered into leases with lenders who participate in our Credit Agreement and who participated in our Amended and Restated Senior Credit Facility, which was replaced by the Credit Agreement. Those leases contain cross-default provisions with the Credit Agreement and the previous Facility. We have also entered into leases with other lenders who do not participate in our Credit Agreement nor participated in our previous Facility. Multiple leases with lenders who do not participate in our Credit Agreement generally contain cross-default provisions. We record derivative financial instruments in the balance sheet as either an asset or liability at fair value, with classification as current or long-term depending on the duration of the instrument. Changes in the derivative instrument’s fair value must be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. 33 For cash flow hedges that meet the criteria, the derivative instrument’s gains and losses, to the extent effective, are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. On October 21, 2008, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $9.0 million with an effective date of October 21, 2008. We designated the $9.0 million interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge of our exposure to variability in future cash flow resulting from the interest payments indexed to the three-month LIBOR. The rate on the swap was fixed at 4.25% until January 20, 2009. On February 6, 2009, we entered into a $10.0 million interest rate swap agreement with an effective date of February 19, 2009. The rate on the swap is fixed at 1.57% until February 19, 2011. The interest rate swap agreement is being accounted for as a cash flow hedge. Equity At December 31, 2010, we had stockholders’ equity of $137.7 million and total debt including current maturities of $99.5 million, resulting in a total debt, less cash, to total capitalization ratio of 40.8% compared to 42.1% at December 31, 2009. Purchases and Commitments As of December 31, 2010, our forecasted capital expenditures, net of proceeds from the sale or trade of revenue equipment, for 2011 were $51.2 million, approximately $50.9 million of which relates to revenue equipment. We may change the amount of the capital expenditures based on our operating performance. To the extent further capital expenditures are feasible based on our debt covenants and operating cash requirements, we would use the balance of $0.3 million primarily for property acquisitions, facility construction and improvements and maintenance and office equipment. We routinely evaluate our equipment acquisition needs and adjust our purchase and disposition schedules from time to time based on our analysis of factors such as freight demand, the availability of drivers and the condition of the used equipment market. During the year ended December 31, 2010, including the non-cash proceeds received from the sale of the Shreveport terminal, we made $38.2 million of net capital expenditures, including $37.8 million for revenue equipment purchases ($10.1 million of which were capital lease obligations) and a net of $0.4 million was for facility expansions and other expenditures. The following table represents our outstanding contractual obligations at December 31, 2010: Total 2011 (in thousands) Payments Due By Period 2012-2013 2014-2015 Thereafter Contractual Obligations: Long-term debt obligations (1) .........$ 49,900 Capital lease obligations (2) .............. 50,883 Operating lease obligations (3) ......... 1,301 Purchase obligations (4) .................... 51,230 2,616 Rental and other lease obligations .... Total ................................................$ 155,930 $ $ -- 20,268 822 51,230 891 73,211 $ $ -- 27,282 479 -- 1,023 28,784 $ $ 49,900 3,333 -- -- 390 53,623 $ $ -- -- -- -- 312 312 (1) Long-term debt obligations, excluding letters of credit in the amount of $1.9 million, consist of our recently consummated Credit Agreement, which matures on April 19, 2014. The primary purpose of this agreement is to provide working capital for the Company; however, the agreement is also used, as appropriate, to minimize interest expense on other Company purchases that could be obtained through other more expensive capital purchase financing sources. Because the borrowing amounts fluctuate and the interest rates vary, they are subject to various factors that will cause actual interest payments to fluctuate over time. Based on these factors, we have not included in this line item an estimate of future interest payments. (2) Includes interest payments not included in the balance sheet. (3) Operating lease for intermodal containers. (4) Purchase obligations include commitments to purchase approximately $50.9 million of revenue equipment none of which is cancelable by us upon advance written notice. 34 Critical Accounting Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our consolidated financial statements are prepared. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material. The most significant accounting policies and estimates that affect our financial statements include the following: (cid:120) (cid:120) Revenue recognition and related direct expenses based on relative transit time in each period. Revenue generated by Trucking is recognized in full upon completion of delivery of freight to the receiver’s location. For freight in transit at the end of a reporting period, we recognize revenue pro rata based on relative transit time completed as a portion of the estimated total transit time. Expenses are recognized as incurred. Revenue generated by SCS and Intermodal is recognized upon completion of the services provided. Revenue is recorded on a gross basis, without deducting third party purchased transportation costs because we have responsibility for billing and collecting such revenue. Management believes these policies most accurately reflect revenue as earned and direct expenses, including third party purchased transportation costs, as incurred. Selections of estimated useful lives and salvage values for purposes of depreciating tractors and trailers. We operate a significant number of tractors and trailers in connection with our business. We may purchase this equipment or acquire it under leases. We depreciate purchased equipment on the straight-line method over the estimated useful life down to an estimated salvage or trade-in value. We initially record equipment acquired under capital leases at the net present value of the minimum lease payments and amortize it on the straight-line method over the lease term. Depreciable lives of tractors and trailers range from three years to ten years. We estimate the salvage value at the expected date of trade-in or sale based on the expected market values of equipment at the time of disposal. We make equipment purchasing and replacement decisions on the basis of various factors, including, but not limited to, new equipment prices, used equipment market conditions, demand for our freight services, prevailing interest rates, technological improvements, fuel efficiency, equipment durability, equipment specifications and driver availability. Therefore, depending on the circumstances, we may accelerate or delay the acquisition and disposition of our tractors and trailers from time to time, based on an operating principle whereby we pursue trade intervals that economically balance our maintenance costs and expected trade-in values in response to the circumstances existing at that time. Such adjustments in trade intervals may cause us to adjust the useful lives or salvage values of our tractors or trailers. By changing the relative amounts of older equipment and newer equipment in our fleet, adjustments in trade intervals also increase and decrease the average age of our tractors and trailers, whether or not we change the useful lives or salvage values of any tractors or trailers. We also adjust depreciable lives and salvage values based on factors such as changes in prevailing market prices for used equipment. We periodically monitor these factors in order to keep salvage values in line with expected market values at the time of disposal. Adjustments in useful lives and salvage values are made as conditions warrant and when we believe that the changes in conditions are other than temporary. These adjustments result in changes in the depreciation expense we record in the period in which the adjustments occur and in future periods. These adjustments also impact any resulting gain or loss on the ultimate disposition of the revenue equipment. Management believes our estimates of useful lives and salvage values have been materially accurate as demonstrated by the insignificant amounts of gains and losses on revenue equipment dispositions in recent periods. However, given the current economic environment, previously established salvage values need to be more closely monitored to assure that book values do not exceed market values. We continually review salvage values to address this issue. To the extent depreciable lives and salvage values are changed, such changes are recorded in accordance with the applicable generally accepted accounting principles existing at the time of change. (cid:120) Estimates of accrued liabilities for claims involving bodily injury, physical damage losses, employee health benefits and workers’ compensation. We record both current and long-term claims accruals at the estimated ultimate payment amounts based on information such as individual case estimates, historical 35 (cid:120) (cid:120) (cid:120) claims experience and an estimate of claims incurred but not reported. The current portion of the accrual reflects the amounts of claims expected to be paid in the next twelve months. In making the estimates, we rely on past experience with similar claims, negative or positive developments in the case and similar factors. We do not discount our claims liabilities. Stock option valuation. The assumptions used to value stock options are dividend yield, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected life and anticipated forfeitures. As we have not paid any dividends on our Common Stock, the dividend yield is zero. Expected volatility represents the measure used to project the expected fluctuation in our share price. We use the historical method to calculate volatility with the historical period being equal to the expected life of each option. This calculation is then used to determine the potential for our share price to increase over the expected life of the option. The risk-free interest rate is based on an implied yield on United States zero-coupon treasury bonds with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the outstanding options. Expected life represents the length of time we anticipate the options to be outstanding before being exercised. Based on historical experience, that time period is best represented by the option’s contractual life. Anticipated forfeitures represent the number of shares under options we expect to be forfeited over the expected life of the options. Accounting for income taxes. Our deferred tax assets and liabilities represent items that will result in taxable income or a tax deduction in future years for which we have already recorded the related tax expense or benefit in our consolidated statements of operations. Deferred tax accounts arise as a result of timing differences between when items are recognized in our consolidated financial statements compared to when they are recognized in our tax returns. Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes and in determining whether deferred tax assets will be realized in full or in part. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We periodically assess the likelihood that all or some portion of deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income. To the extent we believe recovery is not probable, a valuation allowance is established for the amount determined not to be realizable. We have not recorded a valuation allowance at December 31, 2010, as all deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized. We believe that we have adequately provided for our future tax consequences based upon current facts and circumstances and current tax law. During the year ended December 31, 2010, we made no material changes in our assumptions regarding the determination of income tax liabilities. However, should our tax positions be challenged, different outcomes could result and have a significant impact on the amounts reported through our consolidated statements of operations. Prepaid tires. Effective April 1, 2009, we changed our method of accounting for tires. Commencing when the tires, including recaps, are placed into service, we account for them as prepaid expenses and amortize their cost over varying time periods, ranging from 18 to 30 months depending on the type of tire. Prior to April 1, 2009, the cost of tires was fully expensed when they were placed into service. We believe the new accounting method more appropriately matches the tire costs to the period during which the tire is being used to generate revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2010, this change in estimate effected by a change in principle resulted in a reduction of operations and maintenance expense on a pre-tax basis of approximately $4.4 million and on a net of tax basis of approximately $2.7 million ($0.26 per share). For the year ended December 31, 2009, this change in estimate effected by a change in principle resulted in a reduction of operations and maintenance expense on a pre-tax basis of approximately $3.7 million and on a net of tax basis of approximately $2.3 million ($0.22 per share). We periodically reevaluate these policies as circumstances dictate. Together these factors may significantly impact our consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flow from period to period. New Accounting Pronouncements See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 1. to the Financial Statements: New Accounting Pronouncements.” Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK We experience various market risks, including changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. Interest Rate Risk. We are exposed to interest rate risk primarily from our Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement bears variable interest based on the type of borrowing and on the Administrative Agent’s prime rate or 36 the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a certain percentage which is determined based on our attainment of certain financial ratios. At December 31, 2010, we had $51.8 million outstanding pursuant to our Credit Agreement including letters of credit of $1.9 million. Assuming the outstanding balance at December 31, 2010 was to remain constant, a hypothetical one-percentage point increase in interest rates applicable to the Credit Agreement would increase our interest expense over a one-year period by approximately $0.5 million. On October 21, 2008, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $9.0 million with an effective date of October 21, 2008. We designated the $9.0 million interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge of our exposure to variability in future cash flow resulting from the interest payments indexed to the three-month LIBOR. The rate on the swap was fixed at 4.25% until January 20, 2009. On February 6, 2009, we entered into a $10.0 million dollar interest rate swap agreement with an effective date of February 19, 2009. The rate on the swap is fixed at 1.57% until February 19, 2011. The interest rate swap agreement is being accounted for as a cash flow hedge. Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk. We require all customers to pay for our services in U.S. dollars. Although the Canadian government makes certain payments, such as tax refunds, to us in Canadian dollars, any foreign currency exchange risk associated with such payments is not material. Commodity Price Risk. Fuel prices have fluctuated greatly and have generally increased in recent years. In some periods, our operating performance was adversely affected because we were not able to fully offset the impact of higher diesel fuel prices through increased freight rates and fuel surcharge revenue recoveries. We cannot predict the extent to which high fuel price levels will continue in the future or the extent to which fuel surcharge revenue recoveries could be collected to offset such increases. In May 2010, we entered into a contract to hedge 0.5 million gallons of diesel fuel per month from July 2010 through June 2012. In June 2010, we accepted a favorable settlement offered by the other party to terminate the contract in exchange for a $1.2 million payment to us. The contract was terminated before the hedging began in July 2010. Had we not terminated the contract and had fuel prices decreased below the contracted price, the result would have been a negative impact on our fuel costs. As of December 31, 2010, we did not have any derivative financial instruments to reduce our exposure to fuel price fluctuations, but may use such instruments in the future. Accordingly, volatile fuel prices will continue to impact us significantly. A significant increase in fuel costs, or a shortage of diesel fuel, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. Further, these costs could also exacerbate the driver shortages our industry experiences by forcing independent contractors to cease operations. 37 Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA USA TRUCK, INC. ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010 INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm ............................................................................ Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 ................................................................... Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 .................. Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 .. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 ................. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements .................................................................................................... 39 40 41 42 43 44 Page 38 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Stockholders of USA Truck, Inc. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of USA Truck, Inc. (a Delaware Corporation) and subsidiary (collectively referred to as the “Company”) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of USA Truck, Inc. and subsidiary as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), USA Truck, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 4, 2011, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP Tulsa, Oklahoma March 4, 2011 39 USA Truck, Inc. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except share amounts) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents .................................................................................$ Accounts receivable: Trade, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $444 in 2010 and $443 in 2009 ........................................................................................................... Income tax receivable .................................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. Inventories ......................................................................................................... Deferred income taxes ....................................................................................... Prepaid expenses and other current assets ......................................................... Total current assets ........................................................................................ December 31, 2010 2009 2,726 $ 797 46,630 -- 1,353 2,080 -- 12,885 65,674 37,018 10,498 1,070 1,541 962 7,931 59,817 Property and equipment: Land and structures ........................................................................................... Revenue equipment ........................................................................................... Service, office and other equipment .................................................................. Property and equipment, at cost Accumulated depreciation and amortization ..................................................... Property and equipment, net Note receivable ....................................................................................................... Other assets ............................................................................................................. Total assets .....................................................................................................$ 31,268 356,727 35,120 423,115 (163,867) 259,248 2,048 415 327,385 $ 33,819 364,087 28,846 426,752 (156,331) 270,421 -- 462 330,700 Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Current liabilities: Bank drafts payable ...........................................................................................$ Trade accounts payable ..................................................................................... Current portion of insurance and claims accruals ............................................. Accrued expenses .............................................................................................. Note payable ...................................................................................................... Deferred income taxes ....................................................................................... Current maturities of long-term debt and capital leases .................................... Total current liabilities ................................................................................... Deferred gain .......................................................................................................... Long-term debt and capital leases, less current maturities ..................................... Deferred income taxes ............................................................................................ Insurance and claims accruals, less current portion ................................................ Commitments and contingencies ............................................................................ Stockholders’ equity: Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued ... Common Stock, $0.01 par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares; issued 11,835,075 shares in 2010 and 11,834,285 shares in 2009 ........................... Additional paid-in capital .................................................................................. Retained earnings .............................................................................................. Less treasury stock, at cost (1,339,324 shares in 2010 and 1,332,500 shares in 2009) .......................................................................................................... Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) ......................................................... Total stockholders’ equity ............................................................................. Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity .......................................................$ See accompanying notes. 40 4,233 $ 16,691 4,725 8,401 1,009 1,094 18,766 54,919 618 79,750 50,782 3,608 -- -- 118 65,169 94,215 5,678 9,847 4,356 9,008 1,015 -- 63,461 93,365 -- 39,116 53,073 4,600 -- -- 118 64,627 97,523 (21,783) (11) 137,708 327,385 $ (21,661) (61) 140,546 330,700 USA Truck, Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except per share amounts) Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2010 Revenue: Trucking revenue ............................................................ $ Strategic Capacity Solutions revenue .............................. Intermodal revenue .......................................................... Base revenue ................................................................ Fuel surcharge revenue ................................................... Total revenue ............................................................... Operating expenses and costs: Salaries, wages and employee benefits ........................... Fuel and fuel taxes .......................................................... Purchased transportation ................................................. Depreciation and amortization ........................................ Operations and maintenance ........................................... Insurance and claims ....................................................... Operating taxes and licenses ........................................... Communications and utilities .......................................... Gain on disposal of assets ............................................... Other ................................................................................ Total operating expenses and costs .............................. Operating income (loss)...................................................... Other expenses (income): Interest expense ............................................................... Other, net ......................................................................... Total other expenses, net ............................................. (Loss) income before income taxes ...................................... 338,369 34,917 13,597 386,883 73,278 460,161 132,445 114,915 79,601 49,754 36,086 22,811 5,652 3,948 (320) 15,177 460,069 92 3,438 (45) 3,393 (3,301) $ 310,023 $ 13,741 7,756 331,520 50,848 382,368 128,319 93,803 44,058 50,152 26,594 21,086 5,642 3,951 (7) 15,377 388,975 (6,607) 3,030 (207) 2,823 (9,430) Income tax expense (benefit): Current ............................................................................ Deferred .......................................................................... Total income tax expense (benefit) .............................. Net (loss) income ...................................................................$ -- 7 7 (3,308) $ (10,523) 8,270 (2,253) (7,177) $ Net (loss) income per share: Basic (loss) earnings per share ........................................ $ (0.32) $ (0.70) $ Diluted (loss) earnings per share ..................................... $ See accompanying notes. (0.32) $ (0.70) $ 377,095 15,861 4,601 397,557 138,063 535,620 157,729 189,042 40,323 50,919 27,729 28,999 6,456 4,075 (19) 18,220 523,473 12,147 4,643 139 4,782 7,365 2,950 1,275 4,225 3,140 0.31 0.31 41 USA Truck, Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (in thousands) Accumulated Other Treasury Comprehensive Income/(Loss) $ Stock Total -- $ 143,191 186 -- Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 17 186 Retained Earnings -- -- -- -- 2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (2) -- 23 286 191 -- 200 -- 391 567 -- 51 -- -- 3,140 -- -- (191) 35 -- 21 -- Par Shares Value Balance at December 31, 2007 ......... 11,561 $ 116 $ 63,487 $ 101,560 $ (21,972) -- Exercise of stock options .................. Tax benefit on exercise of stock options ............................................. Stock based compensation ................ Forfeited restricted stock ................... Change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of income tax benefit of $(40) ................................................ Reclassification of derivative net losses to statement of operations, net of income tax benefit of $(7) ..... Restricted stock award grant ............. Net income for 2008 ......................... Balance at December 31, 2008 ......... 11,778 $ 118 $ 64,171 $ 104,700 $ (22,163) $ Exercise of stock options .................. Stock-based compensation ................ Restricted stock award grant ............. Forfeited restricted stock ................... Change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of income tax benefit of $(79) ................................................ Reclassification of derivative net losses to statement of operations, net of income tax of $73 .................. Return of forfeited restricted shares upon termination of the 2003 Restricted Stock Award Plan ........... Net loss for 2009 ............................... Balance at December 31, 2009 ......... 11,834 $ 118 $ 64,627 $ Exercise of stock options .................. Excess tax benefit on exercise of stock options ................................... Stock-based compensation ................ Restricted stock award grant ............. Forfeited restricted stock ................... Change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of income tax benefit of $(19) ................................................ Reclassification of derivative net losses to statement of operations, net of income tax of $50 .................. Return of forfeited restricted stock . Net loss for 2010 Balance at December 31, 2010 ........... 11,835 $ 118 $ 65,169 $ -- -- (3,308) 94,215 $ (21,783) $ -- (7,177) 97,523 $ (21,661) $ -- -- -- (208) -- -- 7 (27) -- -- -- (51) 8 236 -- 208 -- (86) -- (553) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 86 -- 553 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 176 -- -- -- -- 21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- See accompanying notes. 42 -- -- -- 23 286 -- (65) (65) 12 -- -- 12 -- 3,140 (53) $ 146,773 391 567 -- -- -- -- -- -- (126) (126) 118 118 -- -- -- (7,177) (61) $ 140,546 176 -- -- -- -- -- 8 236 -- -- (31) (31) 81 -- -- 81 -- (3,308) (11) $ 137,708 USA Truck, Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2010 (3,308) $ (7,177) $ 3,140 Operating activities Net (loss) income ....................................................................................... $ Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization ............................................................... Provision for doubtful accounts............................................................. Deferred income taxes ........................................................................... Excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options ................................. Stock based compensation ..................................................................... Gain on disposal of assets ...................................................................... Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable ............................................................................ Inventories, prepaid expenses and other current assets ....................... Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses and note payable ............. Insurance and claims accruals ............................................................. Net cash provided by operating activities........................................ Investing activities Purchases of property and equipment ................................................... Proceeds from sale of property and equipment ..................................... Change in other assets .......................................................................... Net cash used in investing activities ................................................ Financing activities Borrowings under long-term debt ......................................................... Principal payments on long-term debt .................................................. Principal payments on capitalized lease obligations ............................. Principal payments on note payable ..................................................... Net (decrease) increase in bank drafts payable ..................................... Excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options ................................ Proceeds from exercise of stock options ............................................... Net cash used in financing activities ............................................... Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents ......................................... Cash and cash equivalents: 49,754 241 38 (8) 236 (320) 362 (5,493) 7,366 (623) 48,245 (43,236) 13,678 49 (29,509) 61,183 (58,001) (17,378) (1,350) (1,445) 8 176 (16,807) 1,929 Beginning of period .............................................................................. End of period ........................................................................................ $ 797 2,726 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid during the period for: Interest ............................................................................................. $ Income taxes .................................................................................... Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities: Liability incurred for leases on revenue equipment .............................. Liability incurred for note payable ....................................................... Long term note receivable on facility sale ............................................ Deferred gain on facility sale ................................................................ 3,331 -- 10,135 1,344 2,050 683 See accompanying notes. 43 50,152 313 8,265 -- 567 (7) (10,041) (3,549) 508 (6,180) 32,851 (37,325) 13,335 (105) (24,095) 50,919 134 1,242 (23) 286 (19) 7,758 (299) 4,370 (1,639) 65,869 (57,186) 30,829 (2) (26,359) 66,502 (52,984) (22,965) (1,622) 1,178 -- 391 (9,500) 120,689 (130,582) (27,051) (1,963) (7,285) 23 186 (45,983) (744) (6,473) 1,541 797 $ 8,014 1,541 $ 3,013 2,082 4,789 499 15,704 1,352 -- -- 38,640 1,710 -- -- $ $ USA Truck, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS December 31, 2010 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business USA Truck (the “Company”) is a truckload carrier providing transportation of general commodities throughout the continental United States, into and out of Mexico and into and out of portions of Canada. Generally, the Company transports full dry van trailer loads of freight from origin to destination without intermediate stops or handling. To complement the Company’s General Freight operations, it provides dedicated, brokerage and rail intermodal services. For shipments into Mexico, the Company transfers its trailers to tractors operated by Mexican carriers at a facility in Laredo, Texas, which is operated by the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary. Through the Company’s asset based and non-asset based capabilities, it transports many types of freight for a diverse customer base in a variety of industries. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All intercompany accounts and significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company has no investments in or contractual obligations with variable interest entities. Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The carrying amount reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents approximates its fair value. On occasion, the Company will accumulate balances in a money market account in an amount that exceeds the depository bank’s federally insured limit. Because these balances are accumulated on a short-term basis, the Company does not believe its exposure to loss to be a significant risk. Accounts Receivable and Concentration of Credit Risk The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations and generally does not require collateral. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at their invoiced amounts, net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company evaluates the adequacy of its allowance for doubtful accounts quarterly. Accounts outstanding longer than contractual payment terms are considered past due and are reviewed individually for collectibility. The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses based upon its loss history and specific receivables aging analysis. Receivable balances are written off when collection is deemed unlikely. Such losses have been within management’s expectations. Accounts receivable are comprised of a diversified customer base that results in a lack of concentration of credit risk. During 2010, 2009 and 2008, the Company’s top ten customers generated 35%, 32% and 32% of total revenue, respectively. During the three year period ended December 31, 2010, no single customer represented more than 10% of total revenue. Other accounts receivable consists primarily of proceeds from the sale of revenue equipment. The carrying amount reported in the balance sheet for accounts receivable approximates fair value as receivables collection averaged approximately 32 days from the billing date. The following table provides a summary of the activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts for 2010, 2009 and 2008: Balance at beginning of year ......................................................... $ Amounts charged to expense ......................................................... Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recovery ....................... Balance at end of year ................................................................... $ 443 241 (240) 444 $ $ 204 313 (74) 443 $ $ 81 134 (11) 204 (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2010 44 Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Some of the significant estimates made by management include, but are not limited to, allowances for doubtful accounts, the fair value of derivative instruments, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, estimates related to our share-based compensation plan, deferred taxes and reserves for claims liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Inventories Inventories consist of tires, fuel, supplies and Company store merchandise and are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out basis) or market. Income Taxes Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets include temporary differences relating to depreciation, capitalized leases and certain revenues and expenses. The Company has analyzed filing positions in its federal and applicable state tax returns as well as in all open tax years. The only periods subject to examination for its federal returns are the 2007, 2008 and 2009 tax years. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as interest expense and penalties as operating expenses. The Company believes that its income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and do not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded. At January 1, 2009, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits and it has not recorded any through December 31, 2010. Prepaid Tires Effective April 1, 2009, the Company changed its method of accounting for tires. Commencing when the tires, including recaps, are placed into service, the Company accounts for them as prepaid expenses and amortizes their cost over varying time periods, ranging from 18 to 30 months, depending on the type of tire. Prior to April 1, 2009, the cost of tires was fully expensed when they were placed into service. The new accounting method more appropriately matches the tire costs to the period during which the tire is being used to generate revenue. The following table shows the reduction of operations and maintenance expense resulting from this change in estimate effected by a change in principle, for the years indicated: (in thousands, except per share amounts) December 31, 2009 ...... $ December 31, 2010 ...... Pre-Tax Reduction 3,726 4,356 Property and Equipment Net of Tax Reduction Per Share Reduction 0.22 0.26 2,298 2,686 $ $ Property and equipment is recorded at cost. For financial reporting purposes, the cost of such property is depreciated principally by the straight-line method using the following estimated useful lives: structures – 5 to 39.5 years; revenue equipment – 3 to 10 years; and service, office and other equipment – 3 to 20 years. Asset sales are made primarily for cash and gains and losses on those sales are reflected in the year of disposal. Revenue equipment acquired under capital lease is amortized over the lease term. Trade-in allowances in excess of book value of revenue equipment are accounted for by adjusting the cost of assets acquired. Tires purchased with revenue equipment are capitalized as a part of the cost of such equipment, with replacement tires being inventoried and amortized under the Company’s prepaid tire policy. The Company previously owned a facility in Shreveport, Louisiana, which it sold during the fourth quarter of 2010 for cash and a note receivable. The Company deferred the gain on the sale, which has been recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and will be recognized into earnings as payments on the note are received. The Company previously owned two facilities in the Dayton, Ohio market, one of which was not being used. During the third quarter of 2008, the Company recorded an asset impairment charge in the amount of approximately $0.3 million to write down the unused asset’s value to its estimated market value, net of costs of disposal. This 45 write down is included in Other expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The sale of this facility closed during the fourth quarter of 2009. During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company removed from service approximately 250 tractors. The reduction in the Company-owned fleet targeted those tractors with the highest miles and resulted in an impairment charge in the amount of approximately $0.5 million relating to certain of those tractors. This write down, which adjusted the book value of the tractors down to their market value, is included in Other operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company disposed of all but one of those high mileage tractors during 2009 and disposed of the remaining tractor during the first quarter of 2010. Claims Liabilities The Company is self-insured up to certain limits for bodily injury, property damage, workers’ compensation, cargo loss and damage claims and medical benefits. Provisions are made for both the estimated liabilities for known claims as incurred and estimates for those incurred but not reported. The Company’s self-insurance retention levels are $0.5 million for workers’ compensation claims per occurrence, $0.05 million for cargo loss and damage claims per occurrence and $1.0 million for bodily injury and property damage claims per occurrence. For medical benefits, the Company self-insures up to $0.25 million per plan participant per year with an aggregate claim exposure limit determined by the Company’s year-to-date claims experience and its number of covered lives. The Company is completely self-insured for physical damage to its own tractors and trailers, except that the Company carries catastrophic physical damage coverage to protect against natural disasters. The Company maintains insurance above the amounts for which it self-insures, to certain limits, with licensed insurance carriers. The Company has excess general, auto and employer’s liability coverage in amounts substantially exceeding minimum legal requirements. The Company records claims accruals at the estimated ultimate payment amounts based on information such as individual case estimates or historical claims experience. The current portion reflects the amounts of claims expected to be paid in the next twelve months. In making the estimates of ultimate payment amounts and the determinations of the current portion of each claim, the Company relies on past experience with similar claims, negative or positive developments in the case and similar factors. The Company re-evaluates these estimates and determinations each reporting period based on developments that occur and new information that becomes available during the reporting period. Interest The Company capitalizes interest on major projects during construction. Interest is capitalized based on the average interest rate on related debt. The following table shows capitalized interest and interest expense for the years indicated: (in thousands) Capitalized Interest Interest Expense December 31, 2008 ...................... $ December 31, 2009 ...................... December 31, 2010 ..................... $ 64 51 53 4,643 3,030 3,438 (Loss) Earnings Per Share Basic (loss) earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the year. Diluted (loss) earnings per share is computed by adjusting the weighted average shares outstanding by Common Stock equivalents attributable to dilutive stock options and restricted stock. Segment Reporting The service offerings provided by the Company relate to the transportation of truckload quantities of freight for customers in a variety of industries. The services generate revenue, and to a great extent incur expenses, primarily on a per mile basis. The Company classifies its business into three operating segments: our Trucking operating segment consisting of our General Freight and Dedicated Freight service offerings; our SCS operating segment consisting entirely of our freight brokerage service offering; and our Intermodal operating segment, consisting of our rail intermodal services. We previously included the results of our freight brokerage and Container-on-Flat-Car (“COFC”) portion of our rail Intermodal service offering in our SCS operating segment. The Trailer-on-Flat-Car (“TOFC”) portion of our rail Intermodal service offering was classified within our Trucking operating segment. 46 COFC and TOFC are now combined and reported as Intermodal and brokerage is now reported as SCS. SCS and Intermodal are reported as separate operating segments. These three operating segments are aggregated into one segment for financial reporting purposes. SCS and Intermodal operating segments are intended to provide services that complement the Company’s Trucking services, primarily to existing customers of its Trucking operating segment. Those complementary services consist of services such as freight brokerage, transportation scheduling, routing and mode selection. A majority of the customers of SCS have also engaged the Company to provide services through one or more of its Trucking service offerings. SCS and Intermodal operating segments have consistently increased over the past three years as shown in the table below. Percent of Base Revenue SCS Intermodal December 31, 2008 ........ December 31, 2009 ........ December 31, 2010 ....... 4.0 % 4.1 % 9.0 % 1.2 % 2.3 % 3.5 % The Company’s decision to aggregate its three operating segments into one reporting segment was based on factors such as the similar economic and operating characteristics of its service offerings and its centralized internal management structure. Except with respect to the relatively minor components of the Company’s operations that do not involve the use of its tractors, key operating statistics include, for example, revenue per mile and miles per tractor per week. While the operations of the Company’s SCS operating segment typically do not involve the use of its equipment and drivers, it nevertheless provides truckload freight services to its customers through arrangements with third party carriers who are subject to the same general regulatory environment and cost sensitivities imposed upon the Trucking operations. The Company’s Intermodal operating segment does involve the use of Company equipment as it utilizes its trailers and leased containers to provide this service. Accordingly, the operations of this operating segment are subject to the same general regulatory environment and cost sensitivities imposed upon the Trucking operations. Revenue Recognition Revenue generated by the Company’s Trucking operating segment is recognized in full upon completion of delivery of freight to the receiver’s location. For freight in transit at the end of a reporting period, the Company recognizes revenue pro rata based on relative transit time completed as a portion of the estimated total transit time. Expenses are recognized as incurred. Revenue generated by the Company’s SCS and Intermodal operating segments is recognized upon completion of the services provided. Revenue is recorded on a gross basis, without deducting third party purchased transportation costs, as the Company acts as a principal with substantial risks as primary obligor. Management believes these policies most accurately reflect revenue as earned and direct expenses, including third party purchased transportation costs, as incurred. New Accounting Pronouncements In January 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2010-06, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820), Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements, which provides amendments to Accounting Standards Codification 820-10 (Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures – Overall Subtopic) of the Codification. The Update requires improved disclosures about fair value measurements. Separate disclosures are required of significant transfers in and out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements along with a description of the reasons for the transfers. Also, disclosure of activity in Level 3 fair value measurements needs to be made on a gross basis rather than as a net number. The Update also requires: (1) fair value measurement disclosures for each class of assets and liabilities, and (2) disclosures about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value for both recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements, which are required for fair value measurements that fall in either Level 2 or Level 3. The new disclosures and clarifications of existing disclosures are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the Level 3 activity disclosures, which are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The enhanced disclosure requirements have not had a material impact on the Company’s financial reporting. In July 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2010-20, Receivables (Topic 310), Disclosures about the Credit Quality of Financing Receivables and the Allowance for Credit Losses, to enhance the disclosures required for financing receivables, including credit risk exposures, and allowances for credit losses under FASB Accounting Standards Codification 310, Receivables. The amended disclosures are designed to provide more information to financial statement users about the credit quality of a creditor’s financing receivables 47 and the adequacy of its allowance for credit losses. For public companies, the disclosures as of the end of a reporting period are effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending on or after December 15, 2010. The disclosures about activity that occurs during a reporting period are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The end of period disclosures have not had a material impact on the Company’s financial reporting, and we do not expect the activity related disclosure requirements to have a material impact on our financial reporting. 2. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following: (in thousands) December 31, 2010 2009 Prepaid tires (1) ................................................................................ $ Prepaid licenses, permits and tolls .................................................... Prepaid insurance ............................................................................. Other ................................................................................................. Total prepaid expenses and other current assets ......................... $ 8,082 2,000 1,350 1,453 12,885 $ $ 3,726 1,912 1,355 938 7,931 (1) Effective April 1, 2009, the Company changed its method of accounting for tires. Upon placing the tires in service, the Company accounts for them as prepaid expenses and amortizes their cost over varying time periods, ranging from 18 to 30 months depending on the type of tire. Prior to April 1, 2009, the cost of tires was fully expensed when they were placed into service. 3. Note Receivable During November 2010, the Company sold its terminal facility in Shreveport, Louisiana. In connection with this sale, the buyer gave the Company cash in the amount of $0.2 million and a note receivable in the amount of $2.1 million. The note receivable bears interest at an annual rate of 7.0%, matures in five years and has scheduled principal and interest payments based on a 30-year amortization schedule. A balloon payment in the approximate amount of $1.9 million is payable to the Company at the end of the note term. Accordingly, the Company deferred the approximate $0.7 million gain on the sale of this facility, and will record this gain into earnings as payments on the note receivable are received. At December 31, 2010, the Company believes the note to be fully collectible, and accordingly has not recorded any valuation allowance against the note receivable. 4. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company records derivative financial instruments in the balance sheet as either an asset or liability at fair value based on the active market in which the derivative financial instrument is traded, with classification as current or long-term depending on the duration of the instrument. Changes in the derivative instrument’s fair value must be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. For cash flow hedges that meet the criteria, the derivative instrument’s gains and losses, to the extent effective, are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The Company records the gains and losses in other operating expenses and costs in its consolidated statements of operations. (See also Note 5. Comprehensive (Loss) Income.) On October 21, 2008, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $9.0 million with an effective date of October 21, 2008. The Company designated the $9.0 million interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge of its exposure to variability in future cash flow resulting from the interest payments indexed to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The rate on the swap was fixed at 4.25% until January 20, 2009. On February 6, 2009, the Company entered into a $10 million dollar interest rate swap agreement with an effective date of February 19, 2009. The rate on the swap is fixed at 1.57% until February 19, 2011. The interest rate swap agreement is being accounted for as a cash flow hedge. On May 25, 2010, we entered into a contract to hedge approximately 0.5 million gallons of diesel fuel per month for the time period of July 2010 through June 2012. Under this agreement, we pay a fixed rate per gallon of heating oil and receive the monthly average price of NYMEX HO heating oil. As diesel fuel is not a traded commodity on the futures market, heating oil is used as a substitute for diesel fuel as prices for both generally move in similar directions. 48 On June 28, 2010, the Company sold its contract related to the forecasted purchase of diesel fuel for the time period of July 2010 through June 2012 in order to realize related gains. The purchase contract had not been designated as a hedge for accounting purposes; therefore, the related gain was recorded as set forth in the table below. The amount of the gain was approximately $1.2 million on a pre-tax basis and approximately $0.7 million on a net of tax basis or $0.07 per share for the quarter ended June 30, 2010. (in thousands) Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments under Subtopic 815-20 Fuel purchase Location of Gain Recognized in Income on the Derivative Amount of Pre-Tax Gain Recognized in Income on Derivative 2010 Fuel and fuel taxes $ 1,200 5. Comprehensive (Loss) Income Comprehensive (loss) income consisted of the following components: (in thousands) Net (loss) income...................................................................................$ Change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of income tax benefit of $(19) for the year ended December 31, 2010, net of income tax benefit of $(79) for the year ended December 31, 2009 and net of income tax benefit of $(40) for the year ended December 31, 2008 . Reclassification of derivative net losses to statement of operations, net of income tax of $50 for the year ended December 31, 2010, net of income tax of $73 for the year ended December 31, 2009 and net of income tax benefit of $(7) for the year ended December 31, 2008 ............................................................................................ Total comprehensive (loss) income ...................................................... $ Fair Value Measurements Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2010 (3,308) $ (7,177) $ 3,140 (31) (126) (65) 81 (3,258) $ 118 (7,185) $ 12 3,087 (in thousands) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Total Fair Value Assets (Liabilities) at 12/31/10 Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Derivative Liabilities $ (11) $ -- $ (11) $ -- The fair value of derivatives, consisting primarily of interest rate swaps as discussed above, is calculated using proprietary models utilizing observable inputs as well as future assumptions related to interest rates and other applicable variables. 6. Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses consist of the following: Salaries, wages, bonuses and employee benefits .............................. $ Other (1) ........................................................................................... Total accrued expenses ............................................................... $ (in thousands) December 31, 2010 2009 3,288 5,113 8,401 $ $ 3,966 5,042 9,008 (1) As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, no single item included within other accrued expenses exceeded 5.0% of the Company’s total current liabilities. 49 7. Note Payable On October 20, 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an unsecured note payable in the amount of $1.3 million. The note is payable in monthly installments of principal and interest of approximately $0.1 million, is scheduled to mature on September 1, 2011 and bears interest at 2.6%. The balance of the note payable at December 31, 2010 was $1.0 million. The note payable is being used to finance a portion of the Company’s annual insurance premiums. At December 31, 2009, we had an unsecured note payable of $1.0 million. The note, which was payable in monthly installments of principal and interest of approximately $0.1 million and bearing interest at 3.4%, matured on September 1, 2010. The note payable was used to finance a portion of the Company’s annual insurance premiums. 8. Long-term Debt Long-term debt consists of the following: Revolving credit agreement (1) .............................................................$ Capitalized lease obligations (2) ........................................................... Less current maturities .......................................................................... Long-term debt, less current maturities .................................................$ (in thousands) December 31, 2010 2009 49,900 $ 48,616 98,516 (18,766) 79,750 $ 46,718 55,859 102,577 (63,461) 39,116 (1) On April 19, 2010, we entered into a new Credit Agreement with Branch Banking and Trust Company as Administrative Agent, which replaced our Amended and Restated Senior Credit Facility scheduled to mature on September 1, 2010. The Credit Agreement provides for available borrowings of up to $100.0 million, including letters of credit not to exceed $25.0 million. Availability may be reduced by a borrowing base limit as defined in the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement provides an accordion feature allowing us to increase the maximum borrowing amount by up to an additional $75.0 million in the aggregate in one or more increases, subject to certain conditions. The Credit Agreement bears variable interest based on the type of borrowing and on the Administrative Agent’s prime rate or the LIBOR plus a certain percentage, which is determined based on our attainment of certain financial ratios. A quarterly commitment fee is payable on the unused portion of the credit line and bears a rate which is determined based on our attainment of certain financial ratios. The obligations of the Company under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Company and secured by a pledge of substantially all of the Company’s assets with the exception of real estate. The Credit Agreement includes usual and customary events of default for a facility of this nature and provides that, upon the occurrence and continuation of an event of default, payment of all amounts payable under the Credit Agreement may be accelerated, and the lenders’ commitments may be terminated. The Credit Agreement contains certain restrictions and covenants relating to, among other things, dividends, liens, acquisitions and dispositions outside of the ordinary course of business, and affiliate transactions. The Credit Agreement will expire on April 19, 2014. As the previous Facility was scheduled to mature on September 1, 2010, during the quarter ended September 30, 2009 and at December 31, 2009, that debt was classified as a current liability. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are classified as “base rate loans,” “LIBOR loans” or “Euro dollar loans.” Base rate loans accrue interest at a base rate equal to the Administrative Agent’s prime rate plus an applicable margin that is adjusted quarterly between 0.0% and 1.0%, based on the Company’s leverage ratio. LIBOR loans accrue interest at LIBOR plus an applicable margin that is adjusted quarterly between 2.00% and 3.25% based on the Company’s leverage ratio. Euro dollar loans accrue interest at the LIBOR rate in effect at the beginning of the month in which the borrowing occurs plus an applicable margin that is adjusted quarterly between 2.00% and 3.25% based on the Company’s leverage ratio. On a per annum basis, the Company must pay a fee on the unused amount of the revolving credit facility of between 0.25% and 0.375% based on the Company’s leverage ratio, and it must pay an annual administrative fee to the Administrative Agent of 0.03% of the total commitments. The interest rate on our overnight borrowings under the Credit Agreement at December 31, 2010, was 3.25%. The interest rate including all borrowings made under the Credit Agreement at December 31, 2010 was 2.6%. The interest rate on the Company’s borrowings under the agreements for the year ended December 31, 2010 was 2.6%. A quarterly commitment fee is payable on the unused portion of the credit 50 line and bears a rate which is determined based on our attainment of certain financial ratios. At December 31, 2010, the rate was 0.25% per annum. The Credit Agreement is collateralized by revenue equipment having a net book value of $164.6 million at December 31, 2010, and all trade and other accounts receivable. The Credit Agreement requires us to meet certain financial covenants (i.e., a maximum leverage ratio of 3.25 until December 31, 2010 and 3.00 thereafter, and a minimum fixed charge ratio of 1.4) and to maintain a minimum tangible net worth of approximately $106.1 million at December 31, 2010. We were in compliance with these covenants at December 31, 2010. The covenants would prohibit the payment of dividends by us if such payment would cause us to be in violation of any of the covenants. As the Company recently refinanced its debt in April 2010, the borrowings under the Credit Agreement approximate its fair value. (2) The Company’s capitalized lease obligations have various termination dates extending through September 2014 and contain renewal or fixed price purchase options. The effective interest rates on the leases range from 2.2% to 4.1% at December 31, 2010. The lease agreements require the Company to pay property taxes, maintenance and operating expenses. 9. Leases and Commitments The Company leases certain revenue equipment under capital leases with terms of 36, 42 or 45 months. Balances related to these capitalized leases are included in property and equipment in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are set forth in the table below as of December 31 for the years indicated. December 31, 2009 ........... December 31, 2010 ........... $ 72,836 69,795 Capitalized Costs (in thousands) Accumulated Amortization 16,979 $ 20,777 $ Net Book Value 55,857 49,018 Amortization of leased assets is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Rent expense relating to operating leases for facilities and certain revenue equipment is included in operations and maintenance expense and rent expense relating to operating leases for office equipment is included in other operating expenses and costs. The total rent expense incurred is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Amortization of leased assets and rent expense under operating leases are reflected in the table below for the years indicated. (in thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 2009 2010 2008 Amortization of leased assets .............................. Rent expense under operating leases ................... $ 12,134 2,037 $ 10,739 1,203 $ 12,968 1,195 We have entered into leases with lenders who participated in our Amended and Restated Senior Credit Facility and who participate in the Credit Agreement we entered into on April 19, 2010. Those leases contain cross-default provisions with the Facility and the new Credit Agreement, which replaced that Facility. We have also entered into leases with other lenders who do not participate in our Credit Agreement. Multiple leases with lenders who do not participate in our Credit Agreement generally contain cross-default provisions. At December 31, 2010, the future minimum payments under capitalized leases with initial terms of one year or more and future rentals under operating leases for certain facilities, office equipment and revenue equipment with initial terms of one year or more were as follows for the years indicated. Future minimum payments .......... Future rentals under operating leases ........................................... 2011 $ 20,268 2012 $ 16,548 2013 $ 10,733 2014 $ 3,333 (in thousands) 1,712 1,062 439 381 2015 $ -- 9 Thereafter -- $ 312 As of December 31, 2010, the remaining minimum capital lease payments were $48.6 million, which excludes amounts representing interest of $2.3 million. The current portion of net minimum lease payments, including interest, is $20.3 million. We routinely monitor our equipment acquisition needs and adjust our purchase schedule from time to time based on our analysis of factors such as new equipment prices, the condition of the used equipment market, demand for our freight services, prevailing interest rates, technological improvements, fuel efficiency, equipment durability, equipment specifications and the availability of qualified drivers. 51 As of December 31, 2010, we had commitments for purchases of revenue equipment in the aggregate amount of approximately $50.9 million, none of which is cancelable by us upon advance written notice, and approximately $0.3 million for non-revenue purchases. 10. Federal and State Income Taxes Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2010 2009 Current deferred tax assets: Accrued expenses not deductible until paid ............................................$ Equity Incentive Plan .............................................................................. Revenue recognition ............................................................................... Allowance for doubtful accounts ............................................................ Total current deferred tax assets ................................................................... 3,027 $ 323 327 170 3,847 Current deferred tax liability: Prepaid expenses deductible when paid .................................................. Total current deferred tax liability ................................................................ Net current deferred tax (liability) asset .......................................................$ (4,941) (4,941) (1,094) $ Noncurrent deferred tax assets: Capitalized leases ....................................................................................$ Interest rate swap .................................................................................... Non-compete agreement ......................................................................... Net operating loss ................................................................................... Total noncurrent deferred tax assets ............................................................. (108) $ 19 85 7,657 7,653 3,247 303 283 170 4,003 (3,041) (3,041) 962 153 38 107 3,100 3,398 Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities: Tax over book depreciation .................................................................... Other ....................................................................................................... Total noncurrent deferred tax liabilities ....................................................... Net deferred tax liabilities ............................................................................$ (58,400) (35) (58,435) (50,782) $ (56,440) (31) (56,471) (53,073) For the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company’s effective tax rate decreased to 0.2% from 23.9%. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in our taxable loss, which was offset by our non-deductible items. The change in the effective tax rate resulted in a decrease of the net deferred tax liability of approximately $2.3 million. Significant components of the provision (benefits) for income taxes are as follows: Current: Federal ........................................................................$ State ............................................................................ Total current .............................................................. Deferred: Federal ........................................................................ State ............................................................................ Total deferred ............................................................ Total income tax expense (benefit) ...........................$ (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2009 2010 2008 -- -- -- 6 1 7 7 $ $ (8,717) $ (1,806) (10,523) 6,851 1,419 8,270 (2,253) $ 2,443 507 2,950 1,056 219 1,275 4,225 52 A reconciliation between the effective income tax rate and the statutory federal income tax rate is as follows: Income tax (benefit) expense at statutory federal rate.....$ Federal income tax effects of: State income tax expense (benefit) ............................ Per diem and other nondeductible meals and entertainment .............................................................. Other .......................................................................... Federal income tax expense (benefit) .............................. State income tax expense (benefit) .................................. Total income tax expense (benefit) .................................$ Effective tax rate ............................................................. (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2009 2010 2008 (1,122) $ (3,206) $ 2,504 -- 136 1,025 105 8 1 7 0.2% $ 1,022 194 (1,854) (399) (2,253) $ 23.9% (258) 1,274 (55) 3,465 760 4,225 57.4% The effective rates varied from the statutory federal tax rate primarily due to state income taxes and certain non- deductible expenses including a per diem pay structure for drivers. Due to the partially nondeductible effect of per diem pay, the Company’s tax rate will fluctuate in future periods based on fluctuations in earnings and in the number of drivers who elect to receive this pay structure. 11. Employee Benefit Plans The Company sponsors the USA Truck, Inc. Employees’ Investment Plan, a tax deferred savings plan under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code that covers substantially all team members. Team members can contribute up to 50% of their compensation, subject to statutory limits, with the Company matching 50% of the first 4% of compensation contributed by each team member. Team members’ rights to employer contributions vest after three years from their date of employment. Effective April 1, 2009, the Company suspended its contribution match. Company matching contributions to the plan are included in salaries, wages and employee benefits in the accompanying statements of operations and are reflected in the table below for the years indicated. (in thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 2009 2010 2008 Company matching contributions ........................ $ -- $ 171 $ 655 12. Stock Plans The current equity compensation plans that have been approved by the Company’s stockholders are its 2004 Equity Incentive Plan and its 2003 Restricted Stock Award Plan. The Company does not have any equity compensation plans under which equity awards are outstanding or may be granted that have not been approved by its stockholders. The USA Truck, Inc. 2004 Equity Incentive Plan provides for the granting of incentive or nonqualified options or other equity-based awards covering up to 1,050,000 shares of Common Stock to directors, officers and other key team members. On the day of each annual meeting of stockholders of the Company for a period of nine years, which commenced with the annual meeting of stockholders in 2005 and will end with the annual meeting of stockholders in 2013, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that is available for issuance under the Plan is automatically increased by that number of shares equal to the lesser of 25,000 shares or such lesser number of shares (which may be zero or any number less than 25,000) as determined by the Board. No options were granted under this plan for less than the fair market value of the Common Stock as defined in the plan at the date of the grant. Although the exercise period is determined when options are granted, no option may be exercised later than 10 years after it is granted. Options granted under this plan generally vest ratably over three to five years. The option price under this plan is the fair market value of the Company’s Common Stock at the date the options were granted, except that the exercise prices of options granted to the Chairman of the Board are equal to 110% of the fair market value of the Company’s Common Stock at the date those options were granted. At December 31, 2010, 518,918 shares were available for granting future options or other equity awards under this plan. The Company issues new shares upon the exercise of stock options. Compensation cost recognized in 2010 and 2009 includes: (a) compensation cost for all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of January 1, 2006 and (b) compensation cost for all share-based payments 53 granted subsequent to January 1, 2006. The compensation cost is based on the grant-date fair value calculated using a Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing formula and is amortized over the vesting period. Compensation expense related to incentive and nonqualified stock options granted under the Company’s plans is included in salaries, wages and employee benefits in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The amount of compensation expense recognized is reflected in the table below for the years indicated. Compensation expense ....................... $ 133 $ 223 $ 282 (in thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 2008 2009 2010 On January 28, 2009, the Executive Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company approved the USA Truck, Inc. Executive Team Incentive Plan. The Executive Team Incentive Plan consists of cash and equity incentive awards. The cash incentives will be awarded upon the achievement of predetermined results in designated performance measurements, which will be identified by the Committee on an annual basis. Executive Team Incentive Plan participants will be paid a cash percentage of their base salaries corresponding with the level of results achieved. As determined by the Committee on an annual basis, Executive Team Incentive Plan participants are also eligible for an annual Equity Incentive Award consisting of Company Common Stock, issued under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan. The Equity Incentive Awards will consist of a combination of Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”) and Incentive Stock Options (“ISOs”). The value of the equity award to each participant will be granted fifty percent in the form of RSAs and fifty percent in the form of ISOs, as defined. To the extent options fail to qualify as “incentive stock options” under IRS regulations, they will be non-qualified stock options. Annual awards approved by the Committee will be granted quarterly and will vest one-third each year on August 1, beginning the year following the year in which the shares are awarded. On January 27, 2010, the Committee approved the granting of the annual awards for 2010 under this plan. The following grants were made in accordance with the terms of the Executive Team Incentive Plan for the years indicated. Grant Date 2009 February 2 .............................................. May 1 ..................................................... August 3 ................................................ November 2 ........................................... 2010 February 1 .............................................. May 3 ..................................................... August 2 ................................................ November 1 ........................................... (1) Net of forfeited shares. Restricted Shares (1) Number of Shares Under Options (1) Grant Price (2) 5,113 5,222 4,997 6,478 3,250 2,105 2,085 2,526 $ 12,283 16,473 15,291 20,949 11,222 6,895 5,555 6,284 14.18 13.88 14.50 11.19 12.21 18.58 16.49 13.61 (2) The shares were valued at the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the dates of awards. On February 1, 2011, the Executive Compensation Committee granted an award of 3,262 restricted shares and incentive stock options to acquire 10,988 shares of the Company’s Common Stock. Both of these awards were valued at $12.20 per share, which was the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on that date. 54 Information related to option activity for the year ended December 31, 2010 is as follows: Number of Options 201,446 29,956 (23,216) (24,286) (31,300) 152,600 65,672 Weighted- Average Exercise Price 16.24 $ 14.76 11.55 16.07 19.60 16.01 16.57 $ $ Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) $ 136,307 2.8 1.2 $ $ 74,829 40,610 Outstanding - beginning of year .......... Granted (2) .......................................... Exercised ............................................. Cancelled/forfeited/expired ................. Expired ................................................ Outstanding at December 31, 2010 ..... Exercisable at December 31, 2010 ...... (1) The intrinsic value of a stock option is the amount by which the market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the option. The per share market value of the Company’s Common Stock, as determined by the closing price on December 31, 2010 (the last trading day of the fiscal year), was $13.23. The intrinsic value for options exercised in 2010 was $136,307, in 2009 was $97,656 and in 2008 was $46,955. (2) The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during 2010 and 2009 was $4.94 and $4.51, respectively. No options were granted in 2008. The exercise price, number, weighted-average remaining contractual life of options outstanding and the number of options exercisable as of December 31, 2010 is as follows: Exercise Price Number of Options Outstanding Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Number of Options Exercisable $ 11.19 11.47 12.21 12.66 13.61 13.88 14.18 14.50 15.83 16.49 17.06 18.58 22.54 22.93 30.22 17,807 15,600 9,712 2,000 6,284 14,002 10,441 15,397 5,000 5,555 7,200 6,052 33,800 1,500 2,250 152,600 3.6 0.3 4.6 0.6 4.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.6 2.1 4.6 1.6 0.3 1.1 2.8 5,889 15,600 -- 2,000 -- 4,631 3,453 5,299 2,000 -- 3,600 -- 20,200 1,500 1,500 65,672 The following assumptions were used to value the stock options granted during the years indicated: Dividend yield ............................... Expected volatility ......................... Risk-free interest rate .................... Expected life (in years) .................. 2010 0% 32.8% - 50.2% 0.9% - 2.1% 4.13 - 4.25 2009 0% 36.5% - 53.1% 1.4% 4.13 - 4.25 2008 -- -- -- -- The expected volatility is a measure of the expected fluctuation in our share price based on the historical volatility of our stock. Expected life represents the length of time we anticipate the options to be outstanding before being exercised. The risk-free interest rate is based on an implied yield on United States zero-coupon treasury bonds with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the outstanding options. In addition to the above, we also 55 include a factor for anticipated forfeitures, which represents the number of shares under options expected to be forfeited over the expected life of the options. The fair value of stock options and restricted stock that vested during the year is as follows for the years indicated. Stock options ........................................... $ Restricted stock ....................................... $ 186 82 $ 114 -- (in thousands) December 31, 2009 2010 2008 80 -- The 2003 Restricted Stock Award Plan, which terminated on August 31, 2009, allowed the Company to issue up to 150,000 shares of Common Stock as awards of restricted stock to its officers, 100,000 shares of which had been awarded. The Chairman of the Board contributed 100,000 shares of his Common Stock to the Company for purposes of issuance under the 2003 Restricted Stock Award Plan. Shares issued as restricted stock awards under the 2003 Restricted Stock Award Plan consisted solely of shares of Common Stock contributed to the Company by its Chairman of the Board. Awards under the 2003 Restricted Stock Award Plan vested over a period of no less than five years and vesting of awards is also subject to the achievement of such performance goals as set by the Board of Directors based on criteria set forth in the 2003 Restricted Stock Award Plan. Currently, the performance goals require the attainment of an annual retained earnings growth rate of 10.0% in order for the shares to qualify for full vesting (with 50.0% vesting if a 9.0% growth rate is achieved). To the extent the performance goals are not achieved and there is not full vesting in the shares awarded, the compensation expense recognized to the extent of the non-vested and forfeited shares will be reversed. Pursuant to the provisions of the Plan, any shares that are forfeited due to the Company not meeting performance criteria, any shares that remained in the Plan that were not subject to outstanding awards when the Plan terminated and any previously awarded shares that are forfeited after the Plan terminates are to be returned to Mr. Robert M. Powell, Chairman of the Board of Directors (the individual who originally contributed the shares). Accordingly, at September 1, 2009, the 38,000 previously forfeited shares were returned to Mr. Powell. Any shares forfeited after this date, will be returned to Mr. Powell on their scheduled vesting date. 2003 Restricted Stock Award Plan Forfeitures Date Deemed Forfeited and Recorded as Treasury Stock December 31, 2008 September 30, 2009 June 30, 2010 Shares Forfeited (in thousands) Expense Recovered (in thousands) Date Shares Were Returned to Mr. Powell 14 $ 4 2 288 September 1, 2009 March 1, 2010 100 March 1, 2011 47 Scheduled Vest Date March 1, 2009 March 1, 2010 March 1, 2011 (1) (1) Upon forfeiture of these 2,000 shares, no other shares remain outstanding under this expired Plan. The compensation expense recognized is based on the market value of the Company’s Common Stock on the date the restricted stock award is granted and is not adjusted in subsequent periods. The amount recognized is amortized over the vesting period. Compensation expense related to restricted stock awarded under the Company’s plans is included in salaries, wages and employee benefits in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The amount of compensation expense recognized is reflected in the table below for the years indicated. Compensation expense ....................... $ 103 $ 372 $ 4 (in thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 2008 2009 2010 56 Information related to the 2003 Restricted Stock Award Plan for the year ended December 31, 2010 is as follows: Number of Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (1) Nonvested shares - December 31, 2009 ............ Granted .............................................................. Forfeited ............................................................ Vested ................................................................ Nonvested shares - December 31, 2010 ............ $ 4,000 -- (2,000) -- 2,000 27.66 -- 27.66 -- 27.66 (1) The shares were valued at the average of the high and low trading price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the award. On July 16, 2008, the Executive Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company, pursuant to the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, granted thereunder awards totaling 200,000 restricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock to certain officers of the Company. The grants were made effective as of July 18, 2008 and were valued at $12.13 per share, which was the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on that date. Each participating officer’s restricted shares of Common Stock will vest in varying amounts over the ten year period beginning April 1, 2011, subject to the Company’s attainment of retained earnings growth. Management must attain an average five-year trailing retained earnings annual growth rate of 10.0% (before dividends) in order for the shares to qualify for full vesting (pro rata vesting will apply down to 50.0% at a 5.0% annual growth rate). Any shares that fail to vest as a result of the Company’s failure to attain a performance goal will revert to the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan where they will remain available for grants under the terms of that plan until that plan expires in 2014. During the quarter ended June 30, 2010, management determined that the performance criteria will not be met for the 8,830 shares that were to vest on April 1, 2011, therefore these shares were deemed forfeited. The shares will remain outstanding until their scheduled vesting date of April 1, 2011, at which time their forfeiture will become effective and the shares will revert to the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan. The previously recorded expense in the amount of approximately $0.07 million was reversed at June 30, 2010. Information related to the restricted stock awarded under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan for the year ended December 31, 2010, is as follows: Nonvested shares – December 31, 2009 ............ Granted .............................................................. Forfeited ............................................................ Vested ................................................................ Nonvested shares – December 31, 2010 ............ Number of Shares 221,810 9,966 (27,227) (6,179) 198,370 Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (1) $ $ 12.24 14.81 12.33 13.29 12.33 (1) The shares were valued at the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the dates of the awards. Information set forth in the following table is related to stock options and restricted stock as of December 31, 2010. (in thousands, except weighted average data) Stock Options Restricted Stock Unrecognized compensation expense ................$ Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation expense is to be recognized (in years) ......................................... 228 $ 1,621 1.4 5.8 57 13. (Loss) Earnings per Share The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share: (in thousands, except per share amounts) Year Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2010 Numerator: Net (loss) income ..............................................................$ (3,308) $ (7,177) $ 3,140 Denominator: Denominator for basic (loss) earnings per share – weighted average shares ................................................. Effect of dilutive securities: Employee stock options and restricted stock ................ Denominator for diluted (loss) earnings per share – adjusted weighted-average shares and assumed conversions ..................................................................... Basic (loss) earnings per share .............................................$ Diluted (loss) earnings per share ..........................................$ Weighted average anti-dilutive employee stock options and restricted stock .................................................................. 14. Common Stock Transactions 10,295 10,240 10,220 -- -- -- -- 18 18 10,295 10,240 (0.32) $ (0.32) $ (0.70) $ (0.70) $ 10,238 0.31 0.31 122 131 117 On October 21, 2009, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the repurchase of up to 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock expiring on October 21, 2012. Subject to applicable timing and other legal requirements, these repurchases may be made on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions on terms approved by the Company’s Chairman of the Board or President. Repurchased shares may be retired or held in treasury for future use for appropriate corporate purposes including issuance in connection with awards under the Company’s employee benefit plans. During the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, we did not repurchase any shares of our Common Stock. Our current repurchase authorization has 2,000,000 shares remaining. 15. Fair Value of Financial Instruments At December 31, 2010, the amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for its Credit Agreement and capital leases and in 2009 for its Senior Credit Facility and capital leases approximate their fair value. 16. Litigation The Company is a party to routine litigation incidental to its business, primarily involving claims for personal injury and property damage incurred in the transportation of freight. Though the Company believes these claims to be routine and immaterial to its long-term financial position, adverse results of one or more of these claims could have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flow. On July 2, 2010 a former driver employee, filed a lawsuit against the Company titled Hermes Cerdenia vs. USA Truck, Inc. in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of San Bernardino, alleging various violations of the California Labor Code and seeking certification of the suit as a class action to include “all individuals currently and formerly employed in California as drivers, or other similarly titled positions.” The Company has successfully removed the case to the United States District Court, Central District of California and has filed an answer denying the plaintiff’s allegations. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages for the alleged violations. In February 2011, settlement of the lawsuit was negotiated through mediation subject to the District Court’s review and approval. Such approval is expected later in 2011. 58 17. Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited) The tables below present quarterly financial information for 2010 and 2009: (in thousands, except per share amounts) 2010 Three Months Ended March 31, June 30, Operating revenues ...................................... $ Operating expenses and costs ...................... Operating (loss) income .............................. Other expenses, net ...................................... (Loss) income before income taxes ............. Income tax (benefit) expense ....................... Net (loss) income ......................................... $ Average shares outstanding (Basic) ............ Basic (loss) earnings per share .................... $ Average shares outstanding (Diluted) ......... Diluted (loss) earnings per share ................. $ 105,634 109,132 (3,498) 820 (4,318) (1,322) (2,996) 10,277 (0.29) 10,277 (0.29) $ $ $ $ 113,673 110,635 3,038 1,071 1,967 1,067 900 10,293 0.09 10,320 0.09 September 30, $ 118,766 116,450 2,316 852 1,464 878 586 $ $ December 31, 122,091 123,852 (1,761) 650 (2,411) (614) (1,797) $ 10,297 0.06 10,312 0.06 $ $ 10,297 (0.17) 10,297 (0.17) $ $ Note - The above amounts have been previously reported in the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Certain line items in those quarterly reports may not total the corresponding amount reported in this Annual Report due to rounding. (in thousands, except per share amounts) 2009 Three Months Ended March 31, June 30, Operating revenues ...................................... $ Operating expenses and costs ...................... Operating (loss) income .............................. Other expenses, net ...................................... (Loss) income before income taxes ............. Income tax (benefit) expense ....................... Net (loss) income ......................................... $ Average shares outstanding (Basic) ............ Basic (loss) earnings per share .................... $ Average shares outstanding (Diluted) ......... Diluted (loss) earnings per share ................. $ 93,496 95,130 (1,634) 862 (2,496) (616) (1,880) 10,213 (0.18) 10,213 (0.18) $ $ $ $ 92,384 92,980 (596) 710 (1,306) (158) (1,148) 10,230 (0.11) 10,230 (0.11) $ September 30, $ 96,171 97,670 (1,499) 616 (2,115) (477) (1,638) $ December 31, 100,316 103,194 (2,878) 635 (3,513) (1,001) (2,512) $ 10,249 (0.16) $ 10,249 (0.16) $ 10,275 (0.24) 10,275 (0.24) $ $ Note - The above amounts have been previously reported in the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Certain line items in those quarterly reports may not total the corresponding amount reported in this Annual Report due to rounding. 59  Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to our Company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the officers who certify our financial reports and to other members of senior management and the Board of Directors. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”), conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, as of December 31, 2010, our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting No changes occurred in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2010, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer and effected by the Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: 1. Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; 2. Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and 3. Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our management’s evaluation under the criteria set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2010. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010 has been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their attestation report, which is included herein. Design and Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. In accordance with these controls and procedures, information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our CEO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosures. There were no changes in our internal control 60 over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2010, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Board of Directors and Stockholders USA Truck, Inc. We have audited USA Truck, Inc. (a Delaware Corporation) and subsidiary, (collectively, the “Company”), internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control— Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of USA Truck, Inc. and subsidiary, as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010 and our report dated March 4, 2011, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP Tulsa, Oklahoma March 4, 2011 61 Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION In the course of preparing this Annual Report, the Company discovered that its previously disclosed free cash flow (cash flows from operations less net cash used in investing activities) and capital expenditures, net, included non-cash items related to the sale of the Company’s Shreveport terminal facility. As a result, capital expenditures, net and the increase in the Company’s free cash flow, both as appearing in the Company’s January 27, 2011 press release, should have been $39.7 million (a $1.4 million increase) and $10.0 million (a $0.6 million increase), respectively. All information in this Annual Report reflects the corrected amounts. There is no information that we are required to report, but did not report, on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter of 2010. PART III Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The sections entitled “Additional Information Regarding the Board of Directors – Biographical Information,” “Executive Officers,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners, Directors and Executive Officers,” “Audit Committee” and “Corporate Governance and Related Matters” in our proxy statement for the annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 4, 2011, set forth certain information with respect to the directors, nominees for election as directors and executive officers and are incorporated herein by reference. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (“Code of Ethics”), which applies to all directors, officers and team members, and sets forth the conduct and ethics expected of all affiliates and team members of the Company, is available at our Internet address http://www.usa-truck.com, under the “Corporate Governance” tab of the “Investors” menu. Any amendment to, or waivers of, any provision of the Code of Ethics that apply to our principal executive, financial and accounting officers, or persons performing similar functions, will be posted at that same location on our website. Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The sections entitled “Executive Compensation,” “Director Compensation,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Compensation Committee Report” in our proxy statement for the annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 4, 2011, set forth certain information with respect to the compensation of management and Directors and related matters and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS The section entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners, Directors and Executive Officers” in our proxy statement for the annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 4, 2011, sets forth certain information with respect to the ownership of our voting securities and is incorporated herein by reference. See “Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters,” of our annual report on Form 10-K, which sets forth certain information with respect to our equity compensation plans. Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The sections entitled “Certain Transactions” and “Additional Information Regarding the Board of Directors – Board Meetings, Director Independence and Committees – Director Independence” in our proxy statement for the annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 4, 2011, set forth certain information with respect to relations of and transactions by management and the independence of our directors and nominees for election as directors and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES The section entitled “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our proxy statement for the annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 4, 2011, sets forth certain information with respect to the fees billed by our independent registered public accounting firm and the nature of services rendered for such fees for each of the two most recent fiscal years and with respect to our Audit Committee’s policies and procedures pertaining to pre- approval of audit and non-audit services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm and is incorporated herein by reference. 62  PART IV Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) The following documents are filed as a part of this report: Page 1. Financial statements. The following financial statements of the Company are included in Part II, Item 8 of this report: Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 ............................................................ 40 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 ........... 41 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 ....................................................................................................................................................... 42 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 .......... 43 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ............................................................................................. 44 2. Schedules have been omitted since the required information is not applicable or not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the financial statements or the notes thereto. 3. Listing of exhibits. The exhibits filed with this report are listed in the Exhibit Index, which is a separate section of this report, and incorporated in this Item 15(a) by reference. Management Compensatory Plans: -Employee Stock Option Plan (Exhibit 10.1) -Executive Profit-Sharing Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.2) -1997 Nonqualified Stock Option Plan for Nonemployee Directors (Exhibit 10.3) -2003 Restricted Stock Award Plan (Exhibit 10.4) -Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (Exhibit 10.5) -USA Truck, Inc. 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.6) -USA Truck, Inc. Executive Team Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.8) 63 EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-K have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of the omitted exhibits are available to any stockholder free of charge. Copies may be obtained either through the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website: http://www.sec.gov or by submitting a written request to Mr. J. Rodney Mills, Secretary, USA Truck, Inc., 3200 Industrial Park Road, Van Buren, Arkansas 72956. If submitting a written request, please mark “2010 10-K Request” on the outside of the envelope containing the request. 64 COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN* Among USA Truck, Inc., the Dow Jones US Index and the Dow Jones US Trucking Index $160 $140 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 12/05 12/06 12/07 12/08 12/09 12/10 USA Truck, Inc. Dow Jones US Dow Jones US Trucking *$100 invested on 12/31/05 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending December 31. Copyright© 2010 Dow Jones & Co. All rights reserved. Clifton R. Beckham President, Chief Executive Officer and Director Robert M. Powell * Chairman of the Board Officers and Directors Garry R. Lewis ** Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Richard B. Beauchamp Director (General Partner, Norris Taylor & Company, Accounting Firm) Terry A. Elliott * Director (Retired Chief Administrative Officer and Chief Financial Officer, Safe Foods Corporation, Food Safety Company) William H. Hanna Director (President, Hanna Oil and Gas, Oil and Gas Exploration) James D. Simpson, III Director (Executive Vice President, Stephens Inc., Investment Banking) James B. Speed Director (Retired Chairman of the Board, USA Truck, Inc.) Darron R. Ming Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer Michael R. Weindel, Jr. Vice President, People J. Rodney Mills Vice President, Safety, General Counsel and Secretary Craig S. Shelly Vice President, Corporate Strategy Rick A. Davis Vice President, Information Systems Bryce C. Van Kooten Vice President, Sales Donald B. Weis Vice President, Operations Kevin J. Gates Controller Jeffery L. Burns Treasurer * Effective May 4, 2011, Mr. Powell will retire from his position as Chairman of the Board and as a member of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors has elected Mr. Elliott as the successor to Mr. Powell as Chairman of the Board effective May 4, 2011. * * Effective April 30, 2011, Mr. Lewis will retire from his position as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. Corporate Information This annual report and the statements contained herein are submitted for the general information of stockholders of the Company and are not intended to induce any sale or purchase of securities or to be used in connection therewith. Corporate Headquarters 3200 Industrial Park Road Van Buren, Arkansas 72956 Telephone: (479) 471-2500 Annual Meeting May 4, 2011 10:00 a.m. local time USA Truck, Inc. 3200 Industrial Park Road Van Buren, Arkansas 72956 Transfer Agent and Registrar Registrar and Transfer Company 10 Commerce Drive Cranford, New Jersey 07016 Common Stock traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the Symbol: USAK Web Site http://www.usa-truck.com Upon written request of any stockholder, the Company will furnish without charge a copy of the Company’s 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the financial statements and schedules thereto. The written request should be sent to J. Rodney Mills, Secretary of the Company, at the Company’s executive offices, 3200 Industrial Park Road, Van Buren, Arkansas 72956. The written request must state that as of March 7, 2011, the person making the request was a beneficial owner of shares of the Common Stock of the Company. 

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