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FY2023 Annual Report · Valaris
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A N N U A L

REPORT & ACCOUNTS

T W E N T Y 2 3

G R O U P   S T R AT E G I C   R E P O R T, 
R E P O R T   O F   T H E   D I R E C T O R S

AND AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023

FOR

VALIRX PLC

ValiRx Plc

Contents of the Consolidated Financial Statements
for the year ended 31 December 2023

C O M P A N Y   I N F O R M AT I O N 

Company Information 

S T R AT E G I C   R E P O R T

Chairman’s Report 

Chief Executive’s Report 

Group Strategic Report 

G O V E R N A N C E 

Corporate Governance   

Report of the Directors   

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities   

Report of the Independent Auditors   

F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income   

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position   

Company Statement of Financial Position   

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity   

Company Statement of Changes in Equity   

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows   

Notes to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows   

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements   

0 3

0 5

0 6

0 9

3 1

3 9

4 2

4 3

5 1

5 2

5 3

5 4

5 5

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01

 
 
COMPANY INFORMATION

ValiRx Plc

Company Information
for the year ended 31 December 2023

D I R E C T O R S : 

Dr S J Dilly

Dr K Cox

M Lampshire

G Desler

A de Courcey

M Gouldstone

S E C R E TA R Y:

G Desler

R E G I S T E R E D   O F F I C E :

Stonebridge House

Chelmsford Road

Hatfield Heath

Essex

CM22 7BD

R E G I S T E R E D   N U M B E R :

03916791 (England and Wales)

A U D I T O R S :

Adler Shine LLP

Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditor

Aston House

Cornwall Avenue

London

N3 1LF

03

STRATEGIC REPORT

ValiRx Plc

Chairman’s Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

The last few years are widely acknowledged to have been challenging for the biotech industry across 
the board and specifically for publicly listed companies. Investor interest has significantly retreated, 
most likely driven by a combination of geo-political events and the dramatic rise in interest rates to 
tackle high inflation.

Not surprisingly, ValiRx has not been immune to these external factors, further exacerbated by slower 
than expected progress in key projects, such as VAL201 out-licencing and, to a lesser extent, protracted 
negotiations on university-derived evaluation agreements.

Nevertheless, during 2023 the Company was able to complete a raise of £1.3m (gross) in January for ongoing 
strategic development and, in December, commitment to a further £1.8m (gross), received in January 2024. 

The funds secured in January 2023 have enabled ValiRx to progress our development pipeline and, 
importantly, to initiate the build-and-buy strategy to establish our translational contract research 
organisation (tCRO®), branded as Inaphaea Biolabs.

Since its incorporation in January 2023, Inaphaea has leased, equipped and validated a new laboratory in 
Nottingham, recruited a highly qualified team and is beginning to build a strong market presence in 
translational testing services. Critically, the funding secured earlier in the year also placed ValiRx in a 
strong position to respond rapidly to the offer for sale of the liquidated assets of Imagen Therapeutics. 
This was a highly competitive process and a quick response was imperative.

The acquired assets comprise a wide range of relevant analytical equipment and a biobank of patient
-derived cancer cells (PDCs) accumulated by Imagen over a number of years. Ownership of the PDC 
biobank has given Inaphaea a clear competitive advantage and will become a corner stone of the tCRO® 
concept. Work is now underway to identify which cancers are of greatest market interest to be able to 
prioritise full characterisation of the appropriate cells for use in the provision of services and product sales. 
In addition, all ValiRx in-house development projects have been transferred into Inaphaea and benefitting 
from access to the PDCs. This has also resulted in considerable cost savings relative to the use of external 
contractors.

After extensive business development activities for VAL401, we were pleased to have entered into a letter 
of intent with Ambrose Healthcare for development of this unique compound. With a focus on rare diseases 
and patients managed in hospitals, we believe the team at Ambrose have the right skills and experience to 
progress VAL401 into clinical studies when the necessary funding has been secured.

In summary, despite significant challenges facing the biotech sector in 2023, we were pleased to have 
secured sufficient investment to progress the dual track strategy of developing a risk-balanced pre-clinical 
pipeline and building a tCRO®, Inaphaea Biolabs, to generate 3rd party income.

With the recently announced Board changes, we look forward to continuing commercial progress in 2024 
and establishing Inaphaea as a leader in the use of PDCs to enhance the translation of novel pre-clinical 
assets into clinical development.

Kevin Cox
Chairman
Date: 13 May 2024

05

ValiRx Plc

Chief Executive’s Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

In this, my final Chief Executive’s Report, I would like to take the opportunity to reflect on progress 
by the Group not just over the past year, but to include the context of the previous four years.

With the launch of Inaphaea BioLabs in Q1 of 2023, we progressed the ambitions of the ValiRx group to 
move away from a wholly virtual biotech company and towards a balanced, early-stage discovery and 
preclinical biotechnology group. Although the virtual model was preferred for the Group as a “single asset” 
group, as the expansion and risk diversification of the preclinical pipeline continues, the value of controlling 
our own laboratory facility increases proportionally. These early-stage assets need standardised 
experimental procedures conducting for initial assessment and for advancing the biological understanding 
of the drug candidate molecules. Access to both the expertise within Inaphaea and the facilities enables a 
time and cost-efficient turnaround.

The addition of the scientific assets from Imagen Therapeutics provided an opportunity to launch our 
translational Contract Research Organisation (tCRO®) with a truly valuable biobank of patient derived 
tumour cell models (PDCs) – covering samples from over 500 tissue collections, grown into cell models.

Work continues on the development, characterisation and optimisation of these samples, but within 
months of on-boarding the biobank, Inaphaea had secured the first service contract from an external client 
to screen a focussed library of drug candidates against a PDC sample to seek anti-cancer activity.  
Considerable interest has also been shown in the use of samples from our biobank by other researchers, 
and we have developed commercial frameworks to offer these samples under a range of different use 
categories, including for preclinical research, for commercial incorporation into medical devices and for 
provision in further specialist third party CRO assays.

The PDCs provide the capability to produce experimental procedures in the Inaphaea facility that more 
closely model the human disease state compared to fully immortalised cell lines. We minimise the use of 
non-human growth factors and optimise selective growth conditions to ensure we retain both the 
cancerous cells and, where appropriate, a proportion of the supportive surrounding cells in the samples. 
These techniques enable us to provide a differentiated and more translational service.

The tCRO® concept is built on the premise of providing a coherent network of translational science, 
bridging a number of technologies to create a more complete picture of the biological activity of a drug 
candidate. As part of our process to further build the tCRO® service offering, we have commenced 
assembling a range of related services via collaborative services agreements with third party service 
providers. These providers have been selected specifically with their relationship to the Inaphaea 
services in mind, and are trusted partners with whom we would collaborate (and in many cases have 
done so) on our own projects, and hence we recommend them to our clients.

The benefits of the collaborative services approach are many – from the client perspective, the ability 
to access all the services seamlessly under a single service agreement creates efficiency and, for Inaphaea, 
we can have confidence that the upstream or downstream processes have been conducted in a manner 
and with partners that we are confident in working with. Additional synergism is seen through combined 
marketing, business development, and of course, our exposure to their established client bases.

So although we are building the Inaphaea customer base from a clean page, we have the advantage 
of our collaborators networks to build on.

06

ValiRx Plc

Chief Executive’s Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

The pipeline of client prospects within Inaphaea is looking strong, with a steady build of prospects 
throughout the second half of 2023. Although the nature of our industry is of long-term research budget 
planning with associated long lead times, our current pipeline of prospects is progressing well. As the 
catalogue of characterised PDCs is developed we expect this to grow further with product license as well 
as service opportunities. 

The in-house research evaluation pipeline was boosted by two programmes within 2023, with the 
Barcelona agreement being expanded to encompass an additional project, as well as an evaluation 
project initiated in Q4 on an asset from StingRay Bio. The latter demonstrates our intent to work with 
innovators in all capacities; we are not restricted to the university sector to source innovative projects 
for development. We look forward to progressing both of these projects to meet the timelines for a 
decision on in-licensing within 2024.

Post period two additional programmes from Dundee University and Imperial College London have 
been secured into evaluation agreements, with Dundee agreeing to an over-arching agreement to 
encompass future projects. On reflection of our current pipeline of new projects, consisting of 
Cytolytix plus four active evaluation agreements we have made significant steps towards bringing 
a balanced pipeline to the Group.

The assets currently in the new pipeline include a mixture of peptides and small molecules; cover a range 
of cancer types, and have a range of characteristics of validated, novel or unknown target activities.  
Although all early stage developments, this risk diversification across multiple programmes enables a 
genuine scientific assessment of all, and a greater chance of success with subsequent returns of value 
to shareholders. With preclinical attrition rates in oncology programmes thought to be as high as 90%, 
further growth of the pipeline is required to truly balance the risk and avoid the risks of any single project 
being inappropriately prioritised or of being continued beyond the natural point of attrition.

The announcement of the Option Agreement for VAL401 with Ambrose Healthcare was a key milestone in 
2023, with the maximum Option term concluding within 2024. Ambrose’s commitment to progress VAL401 
through remaining clinical development and commercialisation is an exciting development and I am 
looking forward to progressing this partnership.

VAL201 remains under the Letter of Intent with TheoremRx and we noted towards the conclusion of 
2023 their progression towards a merger with Nasdaq company EUDA, which marked a significant step 
forward in publicly revealing their progression towards financing.

07

ValiRx Plc

Chief Executive’s Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Outlook
2024 will see another year of significant evolution, with the changes to the Board composition providing an 
opportunity to harness new expertise and skills into the Group, enabling further honing of the strategy to 
promote growth and development across all strands of the portfolio.  

While 2023 witnessed the launch of the Inaphaea BioLabs facility, with the Group shifting from being a 
wholly virtual biotech group to have in-house capability to conduct our experiments in-house; we view 
2024 as the stepping stone to consolidate that growth. Anticipating conversion of the pipeline of 
commercial opportunity into further sales within Inaphaea in 2024 thus demonstrating the value of 
Inaphaea for both internal project progression and revenue generation.

The evaluation project pipeline will also continue to expand, with two further evaluation agreements 
executed post period, and research on these is already underway in our facility. Further negotiations are 
ongoing for additional projects, with a target of 1-2 further within 2024, with some of those 
negotiation expected to carry into 2025.

Financial overview
Our financial results show the total comprehensive loss for the year ended 31 December 2023 of £2,037,701 
(2022: £2,366,488) and a loss per share of 2.01p (2022: Loss – 3.06p).

Research and developments costs were £383,362 for the year ended 31 December 2023 as compared 
to £551,233 in 2022, a reduction of £167,871. In addition, total wage costs of £462,862 (2022: £254,050) 
were expended on research and development during the year.

Administrative expenses were £1,886,401 (2022: £1,502,355) for the year ended 31 December 2023 an 
increase of £384,046.

Cash at the bank at 31 December 2023 was £174,684 compared to £1,137,477 in 2022.

I would like to thank the staff and Board members for all their contributions and shareholders for their 
continued support. With further evolution and progression of the Company strategy under the new 
management team; the Company offers potential for change and prospects for Company growth into 
the future.

Dr S J Dilly
Director
Date: 13 May 2024

08

ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

The Directors present the strategic report and financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2023.

Company information and highlights
ValiRx operates a dual strategy of building a risk-diversified portfolio pipeline of preclinical therapeutic 
assets alongside the operational of a revenue-generating products at services division through 
Inaphaea BioLabs.

By providing a scientific, financial and commercial framework around innovative, early-stage science we 
can accelerate therapeutic assets through preclinical development to find appropriate partners for the 
clinical development pathway.

Through Inaphaea, our expertise in handling patient derived cancer cells (PDCs) is applied to all of our 
in-house pipeline programmes in addition to being offered to external service users. Such service users 
can access the PDCs via our service offerings, using standard or bespoke protocols to assess their own 
therapeutic candidates, or they can purchase the PDCs via a license for use in their own facilities.

Strategy and Vision
We identify, incubate and accelerate innovations that focus on the needs of those who matter most – 
patients. With a sense of urgency and determination, we select molecules with the highest potential to 
improve patient lives throughout treatment.

We develop treatments derived from diverse and disruptive innovations that have the potential to 
progress rapidly upstream and deliver value to all of our stakeholders. Our model and industry expertise 
enables us to accelerate the translation of promising new drug candidates to early clinical studies. 
Strategic partnering to co-develop and fund later-stage clinical trials, allows ValiRx to continue to build a 
risk-balanced pipeline of novel projects.

With Inaphaea’s PDCs now available to provide efficient and humanised assessment therapeutic 
candidates at the earliest stages of drug discovery, our capabilities to progress these translational assets 
has been greatly enhanced.

Business Structure
Previously operating as a virtual biotech company, ValiRx has assessed options to bring pre-clinical testing 
services in-house and invest in advanced data analysis and data implementation technologies, operating 
to optimally process our own pipeline and offering an integrated service to external parties to generate 
revenues.

In Q4 2022, ValiRx announced intention to lease a UK-based laboratory facility to commence building the 
Translational Contract Research Organisation (tCRO®), with options highlighted to buy-in technologies 
or acquire companies to facility the differentiation of the tCRO® from industry standard CROs and 
wholly-owned ValiRx subsidiary, Inaphaea BioLabs Limited was launched. Headquartered in the ValiRx 
laboratory in MediCity (Nottingham, UK), Inaphaea is intended to provide the cornerstone facility from 
which to build the tCRO®.

This laboratory, together with new testing services, could serve as the foundation of a novel tCRO®, 
enabling our in-house pipeline growth to be supported through both the revenues generated and 
the expertise within the laboratory team. The tCRO® is anticipated to operate as a wholly-owned 
ValiRx subsidiary.

We will continue to seek collaborations with academic innovators in oncology and women’s health 
and build a risk-balanced pre-clinical pipeline for future out-licencing.

09

ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

The Group retains the following divisional companies:

1.  ValiPharma Limited: a biopharmaceutical company which holds patents and licences for Valirx in  
respect of the development of medicines to bring advanced therapeutic options for the treatment  
of cancer. 

2.  ValiSeek Limited: a joint venture company with Tangent Reprofiling Limited (a SEEK group company)  

holding the IP for VAL401. 

3.  Cytolytix Limited: a majority owned company holding the IP for CLX001.

4.  Inaphaea BioLabs Limited: a wholly owned subsidiary providing laboratory facilities to the ValiRx  
  Group and offering products and services associated with patient derived cells. 

The company listed on the Alternative Investment Market (“AIM”) of the London Stock Exchange in 
October 2006.

THERAPEUTIC AREAS

Women’s Health

Diseases associated with Women’s Health are one of our key focus areas for in-house preclinical 
research. The discussions with Universities across the world, typically identify a wealth of opportunity 
in oncology, including female-centric oncology, such as the gynaecological cancers. However there is 
a clear dearth of innovative research ready for translation in other areas of women’s health.

The VAL301 project is a good example of a drug candidate for women’s health. Initially developed as a 
subset of the VAL201 programme for the treatment of men with prostate cancer, the overlap in biological 
mechanisms, i.e. the prevention of hormone stimulated cell proliferation, also affords the potential for the 
peptide to be a candidate for the treatment of endometriosis. Endometriosis is not a cancerous condition, 
but is characterised by benign, inappropriate growth of hormone dependent tissue.

Candidates for the treatment of conditions such as endometriosis, along with Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome 
(PCOS) and symptoms of menopause clearly all fall into our target area of women’s health. Most drug 
candidates are optimised for dose levels, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism during 
early-stage clinical trials, initially in healthy volunteers for Phase 1 and then typically in carefully selected 
patients in Phase 2. The vast majority of patients recruited for these early-stage trials are either women 
who are post-menopausal or men unless there is a strong rationale explained to the regulators to include 
younger women (for example if the disease only occurs in young women) and a technique to avoid risk to 
an unborn child.  

Although it is now widely acknowledged that pre-menopausal women can respond very differently to 
drugs in comparison to both men and post-menopausal women, drugs are still routinely clinically optimised 
for men. This results in a higher than necessary clinical risk during Phase 3 clinical trials, when the drug is 
provided and tested in a much broader range of patient volunteers, as the women now being included may 
display unexpected tolerability or lack of efficacy purely due to the gender-specific optimisation process.

Although the rationale for these restrictions was well founded, in particular in the light of the damage 
to unborn children of thalidomide, the technologies to better understand a drug candidate’s potential for 
reproductive toxicological impacts, as well as better monitoring of women within early-stage clinical trials – 
including very early pregnancy detection methods – enables these restrictions to be 
reconsidered.

10

 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Within our category of research for Women’s Health, we are considering drug candidates for treatment 
of conditions that can effect both men and women, but that either have a bias towards women (for 
example auto-immune conditions such as Lupus and Auto-immune Hepatitis) or have a recognised 
treatment that is optimised for men but remains sub-optimal for women (such as anti-coagulants where 
many persist for longer in women than in men, causing increased risk of side effects).

Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a gynaecological medical condition in which cells from the lining of the uterus 
(endometrium) appear and grow outside the uterine cavity. This growth fluctuates in a pattern alongside 
the menstrual cycle, under the influence of female hormones. 

These misplaced endometrial-like cells are influenced by hormonal changes and respond in a way that 
is similar to the cells found inside the uterus; hence symptoms often worsen with the menstrual cycle. 

The treatments chosen will depend on symptoms, age, and lifestyle plans, currently centring around pain 
relief and hormone suppression; the latter leading to potential infertility and bone weakening side effects.

VAL301 in endometriosis
VAL301 presents an opportunity to suppress hormone-driven cellular growth in the absence of outright 
hormone suppression. By interrupting only the hormone driven cell growth while sparing the other hormone 
activities, the infertility and related side effects are expected to be avoided.

Currently in preclinical testing by ValiRx, this theoretical benefit will be investigated in future trials.

Cancer
ValiRx is focused on developing treatments for difficult-to-treat types of cancer that extend survival and 
improve patient experience. Traditional approaches, such as chemotherapy, extend patient survival but 
also bring high side effect burdens and complex combination treatment regimens.  

Whilst individualised treatments and target therapies have improved outcomes for some types of cancer, 
many types of cancer have insufficient treatment options and rely on drugs that have remained unchanged 
for decades.

By targeting precise biological mechanisms, we aim to improve the patient experience in terms of both 
survival and quality of life.  

11

ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Establishing a risk-balanced pipeline portfolio

Current Pipeline

Discovery

Optimisation

Pre-clinical

Phase 1

Phase 2

CLX001

TRIPLE NEGATIVE 
BREAST CANCER

Under Evaluation Agreements:

BARCELONA 
UNIVERSITY

STINGRAY 
BIO

DUNDEE
UNIVERSITY

IMPERIAL COLLEGE 
LONDON

NOVEL BINDING POCKETS OF KRAS

SCHEDULED TO COMPLETE IN JUNE 2024

SELECTIVE KINASE INHIBITORS

SCHEDULED TO COMPLETE IN NOVEMBER 2024

PRO-SENESCENCE

SCHEDULED TO COMPLETE IN FEBRUARY 2025

DUAL KINASE INHIBITORS

SCHEDULED TO COMPLETE IN MARCH 2025

FURTHER EVALUATIONS 
EXPECTED WITHIN 2024

Clinical Stage Assets

VAL401

VAL201

LUNG/PANCREATIC CANCER

PROSTATE CANCER

Clinical Assets (to be out-licenced)
VAL201 in prostate cancer
VAL201 is a short peptide being studied for the treatment of prostate cancer. The peptide structure is 
inspired by the structure of the naturally occurring androgen receptor and is designed to intercept and 
prevent the binding of the androgen receptor to SRC kinase; an enzyme implicated in cancerous cell growth 
pathways. By preventing the androgen-mediated activation of SRC kinase, VAL201 can prevent cancerous 
cell proliferation (or growth) without interfering with other functions of the androgen receptor or SRC kinase. 
This precision method, mimicking a natural process, proposes a high specificity of cancer treatment, with a 
lower side effect profile.

VAL201 has completed a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in the UK, investigating the effects of different dose levels 
of the drug to establish the safety, tolerability and first indications of disease impact. VAL201 is the subject 
of a Letter of Intent to sub-license to TheoremRx Inc. This sub-license covers the use of the VAL201 peptide 
for all oncology usage and is expected to generate income of approximately $2M USD over the next two 
years and up to $61M USD plus royalties if the project is successfully launched for the treatment of prostate 
cancer. Further milestone payments are expected of over $37M USD if VAL201 is used for additional 
oncology indications. Finalisation of the sub-licence is subject to a successful fund raise by TheoremRx, 
targeted to be completed before end-June 2024. 

12

ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

VAL401 in adenocarcinoma 
VAL401 is the reformulation of the established anti-psychotic drug risperidone. Formulated into a 
lipid-filled capsule for oral, once daily administration, VAL401 enables an anti-cancer activity, via cancer 
cell metabolism enzyme, Hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10), not seen with conventional 
risperidone.

VAL401 has completed a pilot Phase 2 clinical trial, treating patients with end-stage non-small cell lung 
cancer. These patients demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in overall survival from 
diagnosis over case-matched control patients in the same clinics; and showed improvements in quality 
of life during treatment.

Identifying quality of life improvement in nausea, pain and appetite, has identified pancreatic 
adenocarcinoma to be a preferred disease to assess in the next clinical trial of VAL401.

VAL401 is subject to an Option Agreement with Ambrose Healthcare which details the proposed 
sub-license of the project from ValiSeek to Ambrose. This sub-license is subject to upfront and milestone 
payments totalling a value of up to £16 million plus royalties; and covers the period remaining in the 
development and commercialisation of VAL401 as a treatment of cancer patients.

CLX001 in triple negative breast cancer
Triple negative breast cancer accounts for 15% of breast cancers. However, this type of cancer requires 
new research, as it is more aggressive, harder to treat and more likely to return.

CLX001 is a peptide in a nanoparticle formulation and is designed for precision destruction of cancer cells 
to avoid excessive side effects. CLX001 is at the pre-clinical trial stage in the drug development process. 
The investigation of the candidate peptide with a battery of in vitro and in vivo tests concluded that there 
was good evidence of biological activity and a strong rationale for further development.

13

ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Pre-clinical Projects Under Evaluation 
University of Barcelona, KRAS2 Evaluation Project
Building on the relationship initiated with the University of Barcelona in 2022, the KRAS2 project consider 
a new series of molecules targeting KRAS (Kirsten RAt Sarcoma) as possible drugs for treating cancer.  
The initial KRAS project at Barcelona continues to progress under the grant funding received by the  
University and the Company regularly meets with the team to discuss data generated by both Barcelona 
and Inaphaea on the projects. The KRAS2 evaluation project by the Company is scheduled to complete 
evaluation in June 2024.

StingRay Bio Evaluation Project
Initiated in November 2023, the Company has an agreement with StingRay Bio Limited. This agreement 
proposes the evaluation of a lead series of molecules which has been developed using a target-based 
drug design approach, to create novel candidate drugs for kinases with well-validated links to cancer. 
Under the agreement, the Company will carry out a defined series of preclinical tests on the molecules  
over the next twelve months to validate the technology and determine suitability for commercialisation. 

University of Dundee Evaluation Project and Over-arching Agreement
Post-period, the first evaluation agreement under a new over-arching agreement has also been signed 
with the University of Dundee. This agreement is scheduled to be active for a period of five years, during 
which time, the Company will have the opportunity to review research projects from the Dundee Drug 
Discovery Unit in areas aligned with the strategy of ValiRx with a view to initiating additional evaluation 
projects on pre-defined terms.

The first Evaluation Agreement under the framework focuses on investigating a lead series of therapeutic 
candidates in the increasingly important research area of pro-senescence (selectively promoting ageing 
of cancer cells to cease growth in tumours). This exciting area of research has potential to be effective 
in treating of multiple cancer types, and also many other disease areas, including those associated with 
healthy aging. This work builds upon previous ground-breaking research by Dundee and Barts Charity 
funded research by Prof Cleo Bishop, Professor of Senescence and Director of the Queen Mary University 
London Phenotypic Screening Facility.

Imperial College London
Initiated post-period, the Agreement specifically focuses on investigating a lead series of dual-kinase 
inhibitor candidates that show promise in reversing resistance to current standard of care therapeutics  
in ovarian and other types of cancer. Importantly, a similar approach has already been validated in  
clinical studies with other assets across a range of tumour types and it holds significant potential as  
a novel combination treatment.

This project builds upon previous ground-breaking research led by Dr Paula Cunnea, Group Leader at  
the Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Division of Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College  
London and the previous Imperial College Drug Discovery Centre.

Prior to in-licensing projects in full, ValiRx carries out a rigorous scientific and commercial evaluation 
programme on the project at its own expense. During the evaluation period (typically 6-12 months)  
ValiRx is able to assess whether the project is a good fit for the pre-clinical pipeline. If the evaluation  
is a success, a full license will be executed with the innovator and the asset will be incorporated into  
a dedicated SPV, most likely a ValiRx subsidiary.

The scientific assessment typically consists of a range of cell-based assays conducted predominantly  
at Inaphaea to understand the biology and demonstrate the mechanism of action of the lead drug  
candidate; and to determine the disease area of highest potential for further development. Success at 
Evaluation stage indicates that we have achieved a high level of confidence in progression of the drug 
candidate into pre-clinical studies.

14

ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

BC201 in Covid-19
Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 is the causative pathogenic virus of Covid-19. This highly contagious virus 
causes Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in many patients, which can lead to hospitalisation 
and death.

The pandemic was declared in March 2020, and the world is now fully aware of the prevalence and 
serious nature of the virus.

Patients displaying ARDS can respond well to supportive treatment including administration of positive 
pressures of oxygen, however, despite this, a proportion still go on to experience more severe symptoms.

These symptoms are believed to be caused by the significant, multi-organ damage that can be caused 
by an excessive response of the immune system, even after the viral infection has reduced. This is known 
as a hyperimmune response.

BC201 is a combination of the peptide ingredient of VAL201/VAL301 with complementary active 
components to dampen this excessive immune response and consequently improve severe symptoms 
of Covid-19.

The theoretical action of the peptide is two-fold: by blocking the Androgen Receptor mediated activity 
of SRC Kinase, the peptide is postulated to down-regulate the expression of TMPRSS2 a transmembrane 
protein believed to be required for Coronavirus cell entry; and by directly dampening the immune response.

15

ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Consolidating the Translational Research Organisation (tCRO)® 

Previously operating as a virtual Biotech Group, ValiRx out-sourced all testing of current evaluation 
and pre-clinical projects to a wide range of external contract research organisations (CROs). 
The company is of the view that this fragmented approach to early-stage drug development is non
-optimal and is assessing options to access capabilities and infrastructure to create a more efficient 
and effective translational drug development service. Such capabilities may be accessed via acquisition 
and on-boarding of technologies, as is the case for the patient derived cells acquired from the 
administrators of Imagen Therapeutics; and via collaborative services agreements, which we have 
in place with an increasing number of industry partners. These service agreements enable our clients 
to access a wider range of services through a single point of contact. Comparably, Inaphaea benefits by 
access to clients of our partners.

Operating as a wholly owned subsidiary company, within Inaphaea BioLabs Limited, the integrated 
services are used for both in-house projects and offered to third parties, such as the increasing number 
of innovative biotechnology companies. The revenue generated from providing pre-clinical development 
services will enable continued investment in advanced testing and analysis technology and support 
the progression of ValiRx in-house pipeline projects.

Strategy - a consolidation opportunity

Data Application

Bio-informatics

Professional services providing expert 
knowledge to guide future development 
decisions and reduce risk

Professional services to guide future development 
provided to Inaphaea users through collaborations 
between experts at ValiRx, Physiomics and OncoBone

Overlay large data collation, curation 
and analysis

Data collation, curation and analysis initiated within 
collaborations with Physiomics, Ignota and OncoBone

Inaphaea
BioLabs
tCRO®

Data Generation

Acquire advanced data-rich 
in-vitro technologies

Data-rich technologies are accessed by Inaphaea users 
from experiments run within Inaphaea’s facilities, or at 
any of our collaborative partners, including DefiniGen, 
Inspiralis, Histologix and Agility

Traditional 
CRO

Core Infrastructure

Established pre-clinical laboratory  
facility

MediCity Laboratory facility launched to house core 
Inaphaea facility

Dual model Strategy - providing internal and external capabilities

Third Party clients can access our capabilities 
through cell based services and products

Service Pipeline

Service Revenues

Collaborative translational 
services for academia

Service and collaborative 

development pipelines

Licensing Revenues

The ValiRx internal pipeline uses 
the same cell based resources as 
provided to clients

  Advanced pre-clinical capabilities:

•  High content data generation

•  Large scale data curation and analysis

•  Application of comprehensive biological    

insights

•  Women’s Health & Oncology specialism

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The Collaborative Services model that Inaphaea is developing with partners presents the opportunity 
for clients to access a wider range of services seamlessly through a single master services agreement.  
These partner companies have agreed to collaborate by offering their services to Inaphaea clients and 
by introducing their established clients to Inaphaea’s cell based assays.

This enables the implementation of the tCRO® to commence through collaborative methods, whereby 
the clients benefit from the continuity provided by one service provider, but accessing the breadth of 
highly specialised expertise of the group. 

Agility Life Sciences
Agility develops formulations to overcome the problematic properties of the molecule making sure that 
these products are fit for the current and future purpose. These formulation specialisms include oral, 
ocular, intravenous, intranasal, topical and subcutaneous products.

DefiniGEN
DefiniGEN is a game-changing company headquartered in Cambridge, UK, with a mission to navigate drug 
development programs through uncertain terrain, minimising risk while reducing costs and paving the way 
for a more efficient and effective future in the field of drug discovery. The technology is revolutionising liver 
models for efficacy and toxicology screening, utilising a platform that enables the large-scale generation of 
hepatocyte-like cells (Opti-Heps) with functional relevance comparable to human primary cells.

Histologix
Histologix is a leading provider of professional histology services immunohistochemistry and contract 
histopathology in a range of species from early discovery and regulatory preclinical toxicology through 
to clinical trials. The Histologix team is experienced in taking samples from wet or frozen tissue through to 
slide, ensuring optimum presentation of regions of interest.

Ignota
Ignota Labs specialises in AI toxicity prediction. Their services combine the best of technology and 
people with expert scientists operating world-leading AI tools. Their tools provide complex machine-
learning outputs, which are distilled by expert scientists into powerful insights and guidance to support 
your drug discovery programme.

Inspiralis
Inspiralis’s aim is to provide pharmaceutical companies, academic researchers and others involved in 
drug development, with the necessary tools to aid in the preclinical development of novel anti-infective 
and anti-cancer compounds. Either through the use of their easy-to-use assay kits or through their contract 
research services. These services include compound screening (hit identifications), IC50s to evaluate the 
outcomes of hit-to-lead and lead optimisation endeavours, mode of action studies and custom protein 
production.

OncoBone
OncoBone representatives have a long history of working in CRO business and a large global network of 
high-quality CRO partners. OncoBone now offers this expertise to our clients as a Virtual CRO combining 
services that stretch further into the drug development pathway than Inaphaea’s in-house capabilities.

Physiomics
Provided by our collaboration partner Physiomics, data generated by Inaphaea may be seamlessly inte-
grated into the Physiomics modelling capability for biological modelling and advanced data interpretation

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Lead optimisation through 
enzyme assays

In silico toxicology with 
cell efficacy optimisation

Cellular Immunohistopathology

In vitro Opti-Heps for liver toxicology 
and liver disease efficacy

Virtual CRO
Provides preclinical service provision 
surrounding and beyond Inaphaea

Is it formulated correctly for cells?
Does the formulation work in cells?

Understanding the data generated
Biological interpretation through 
bioinformatics

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ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
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MANAGEMENT TEAM AND BOARD OVERVIEW 

ValiRx comprises a multi-disciplinary team of scientists, technologists and business leaders, committed to 
providing the framework required for successful drug development. Collaboration is the key to making 
this happen; each member of the ValiRx team plays a vital role in the strength and success of company 
programmes, which are focused on achieving the improved outcomes and quality of life for patients., in 
the most effective and efficient way.

BOARD

Dr Suzanne Dilly
Chief Executive Officer  (Appointed June 2020)

Suzanne is an experienced entrepreneurial scientist. After commercialising her 
Chemical Biology post-doctoral research in the University of Warwick spin-out, a2sp 
Limited, Suzanne was awarded a prestigious Royal Society of Edinburgh Enterprise 
Fellowship, during which formal commercial and entrepreneurial training completed 
her transition from lab to boardroom.

Completing commercial transactions to progress projects through multiple companies, 
Suzanne has had executive and leadership roles in biotech companies since 2006

Dr Kevin Cox
Non-Executive Chairman  (Appointed June 2020)

Kevin has over 25 years’ experience in the life science industry. Having served as 
CEO of high growth biotechnology businesses, he has extensive experience in strategy, 
corporate development, M&A, financing and joint ventures. With a passion for 
improving translational science, Kevin has strong links to government, funding bodies 
and academia, and has contributed to a number of public sector advisory committees.

Kevin is currently a non-executive director of the British Neuroscience Association 
and former Chair of Biorelate Limited.

Mr Gerry Desler (Appointed May 2006)
Chief Financial Officer and Company Secretary

Gerry is a chartered accountant, who qualified in 1968 with a City firm, before 
becoming a partner (1970) and Senior Partner (1985). During his time in the City, he 
has specialised in consultancy work, much of it involving funding and venture capital. 

Gerry was previously the Finance Director of Premier Management Holdings plc, an 
AIM listed company and is on the board of a number of private companies. Gerry also 
held the position as Company Secretary at the AIM listed company Prospex Energy PLC.

Mr Martin Lampshire
Non-Executive Director  (Appointed May 2020)

Martin started his career in Lloyds Bank’s Commercial Services division in 1989 after 
completing the ACIB qualification. He has over thirty years’ experience in Corporate 
Broking, assisting in a variety of equity raises including IPOs, secondary fundraisings, 
vendor and private placings across a variety of sectors. 

He has also worked in a number of overseas financial centres including Hong Kong, 
Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and Dubai. Martin is currently an Executive Director of Global 
Resources Investment Trust Plc and a Non-Executive Director of Hamak Gold Ltd and 
Boston International Holdings Plc.

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ValiRx Plc

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MANAGEMENT TEAM AND BOARD OVERVIEW

Stella Panu  
Non-Executive Director  (resigned 15 April 2024)

With over 20 years’ experience in corporate finance and investment management, 
Stella’s expertise will support the ValiRx Board and senior management team to unlock 
investment potential and accelerate and manage business growth for the Company. 

In her role, she will oversee ValiRx’s M&A activity, advising on corporate structure and 
governance, risk management, and shareholders’ rights.

Adrian de Courcey
Non-Executive Director  (appointed 22 April 2024)

Adrian is a seasoned business executive with experience in both corporate and 
entrepreneurial environments in the UK and internationally. He began his career with 
KPMG and held strategy roles with Shell and Johnson & Johnson. Adrian has experience 
within the SME sector and helped transform a transport business to become the 
fastest-growing company in its sector and introduced the first fast-charging electric 
buses to the UK.

Martin Gouldstone
Non-Executive Director  (appointed 22 April 2024)

Martin has over 30 years experience in the Pharmaceutical sector with senior 
commercial roles across drug discovery, clinical CROs, and corporate Finance M&A. 

Martin is currently CEO of Oncimmune Holdings Plc, an AIM listed Biotech company, 
as well as sitting on the Board of hVIVO Plc, a viral challenge business which is also 
AIM listed.

Mr Mark Treharne
Corporate Development Manager

Mark began his career in the City in 2011 and has worked in Corporate Broking and Equity 
sales working for numerous different firms including Daniel Stewart, Northland Capital 
Partners and Pello Capital. 

His role includes enhancing the reputation of the company within the City and working 
closely with City firms to identify new therapeutic assets to incorporate into the ValiRx 
portfolio.

Mr Kumar Nawani
Head of Operations

Kumar has been working over 20 years in international trade, client & vendor 
management, business development, brand development, e-commerce, procurement, 
IT management & compliance roles with established public and private companies 
in the UK and previously in Hong Kong. 

Kumar has been with the ValiRx Group since January 2008 as an active member of 
the ValiRx management team.

20

ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

MANAGEMENT TEAM AND BOARD OVERVIEW

Dr Cathy Tralau-Stewart
Chief Scientific Officer

Cathy is an experienced therapeutics development scientist and pharmacologist.  

Working within some of the world’s leading pharma and academic research 
establishments she has developed a broad knowledge of drug discovery and 
the translation of early research innovation into developable drug discovery 
programs.

Zai Ahmad
Pre-clinical Project Manager

Zai has over 25 years’ experience in the life science industry. Originally in Neuroscience, 
looking at synaptic junctions associated with memory and neurotransmitter release and 
pathways associated with Parkinson’s Disease and cardiovascular regulation. Zai moved 
to oncology as an opportunity to be closer to patients and to have a direct impact on 
patient survival. 

Working at the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) for 14 years, Zai established a specialism 
in xenograft and transgenic models for use in drug development.

Dr Andrew Carnegie
Head of Strategic Commercial Development

Andrew has been working in the area of business development since 2006, after 
finishing a Ph.D. in Cell & Molecular Biology and a PostDoc studying Dopamine 
Receptors. During his career, he has worked for companies in the R&D space, pre-clinical 
and biomarkers for clinical support, winning multiple back to back sales awards in several 
companies. Company history includes: Organovo for 3D cell technologies, Aptuit for 
pre-clinical services projects and Millipore for early-stage screening studies. 

Since moving into Business Development, Andrew has never lost his passion for science 
and science-based technologies, and that forms the basis of his approach when talking 
with project partners.

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ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Scientific Advisors 
ValiRx retains the services of a core team of scientific advisors to provide expert opinions on all pipeline 
projects in a wide range of therapeutic areas. A Science Advisory Board (SAB) has been established, which 
meets quarterly to critically review all projects and identify future trends in biomedical research, in addition 
to holding meetings with individual members of the ValiRx team in between.

The core team of advisors is summarised below, additional consultancy from other individuals is obtained 
as required:

Dr Wilson Caparrós-Wanderley (Independent Consultant)

Dr Wilson Caparrós-Wanderley is a pharmaceutical executive with 25 years’ experience in biomedical R&D. 
He obtained a first degree from the University of Barcelona and a PhD from the University of London. Upon 
receiving his PhD in the 90’s, he completed postdoctoral fellowships at King’s College London and Impe-
rial College before moving to industry. During this time, he worked on viral vaccines, gene therapy vectors, 
cancer treatments and immunomodulatory therapies. 

In the mid 2000’s Dr Caparrós-Wanderley was appointed Chief Scientific Officer of PepTcell Ltd (later the 
SEEK Group). During his 11-year tenure as CSO, he oversaw the expansion and progression of the company’s 
intellectual property into viable vaccine, respiratory and oncology therapies. At the time of his leaving SEEK 
in 2015, the company had two pharmaceutical products in the market and several others in late stage of 
development. Dr Caparrós-Wanderley has authored multiple patents, scientific articles and book chapters 
and has been an invited speaker at conferences and WHO events. He is currently acting as a consultant to 
the biopharmaceutical industry.   

Dr Mark Eccleston (OncoLytika Ltd)

Dr Mark Eccleston is an enthusiastic and passionate biotechnology entrepreneur with over 25 years’ 
experience in the sector, both in academia and industry. He holds a PhD in Polymer Chemistry and worked 
on a range of translational research projects focussed mainly on non-viral gene delivery. 

Mark is the founder and Managing Director of OncoLytika Ltd a technical consultancy company operating 
mainly in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sector. OncoLytika Ltd has an excellent track record raising 
soft funding (UK and EU) for internal projects and client companies including internationally located private 
and public limited companies across the diagnostics and therapeutic sectors as well as academia.

Dr Christophe Chassagnole (Physiomics PLC)

Christophe is a Biochemist and Systems Biologist (Pathway modelling) by training. After completing his PhD, 
he had a couple of academic position in metabolic engineering, before joining Physiomics in 2004. 
Where he is leading the science and overseeing customer projects. Physiomics provides consulting services 
in PK/PD and other mathematical modelling including to large pharmaceutical companies. 

For ValiRx, Physiomics have performed two large projects, which have also included working with Mark 
Eccleston during his historic position at ValiRx:

-  Systems biology project (apoptosis model) to validate potential GeneICE targe t (Go/No Go decision). 

-  PK/PD modelling to support VAL201 development, initially preclinical modelling and first in man dose  
  prediction, project has resumed with availability of clinical data.

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ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
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Professor Paul Taylor (University of Leeds)

Professor Paul Taylor is part of the Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry research group and a member 
of the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology at the University of Leeds. Paul is also a Pro-Dean 
in the Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences. He is an experienced leader in Higher Education where 
he seeks to build effective, collaborative teams to drive innovation.

Paul’s research career is marked by transdisciplinary, collaborative projects and he has published widely 
with colleagues from Biological Sciences, Engineering, Medicine and Social Sciences as well as within 
his core discipline of Chemistry. Paul’s current research interests include molecular evolution and cancer 
therapy, where he uses a combination of computational and experimental approaches.

Dr Gareth Griffiths
Gareth holds a PhD in Immunology/oncology from the University of Birmingham and is now a scientific 
specialist in the isolation and growth of patient derived tumour cells. He has several years postdoctoral 
experience at the University of Manchester which was followed by a role as a specialist in high content 
imaging assay development at AstraZeneca. 

Following this, he cofounded Imagen Therapeutics, a company providing a CRO service to pharma and 
biotech. An entrepreneurial driven scientist, he developed Imagen successfully over a 14 year period. 
He has proven expertise at every level of developing a company, encompassing commercial activities 
all the way to scientific project delivery. Combining his knowledge of advanced cell image analysis, 
patient derived tumour development and expertise in Immunology, he is now working to support 
Inaphaea as a scientific consultant.

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ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
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STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION

ValiRx maintains a strong communication process to standardise and improve shareholders’ 
experience of communicating with the Company.

The Board recognises the importance of effective and timely communication with all stakeholders, 
including shareholders, investors, innovators and staff.  The business and science of biomedical 
development can be complex and difficult to articulate in a clear and concise way through regulated 
channels.  The Company understands and encourages the desire of shareholders to ask questions 
about scientific or corporate progress and is mindful of the need to ensure all shareholders have fair 
and equal access to information about the Company, as required by the AIM Rules and the Market 
Abuse Regulations.

During 2022, shareholders were consulted on their preferred method of communication, and expressed 
a preference for quarterly webinar-based Q&A sessions, replacing the previous written monthly 
Q&A publications.  These quarterly events are scheduled to continue during 2024.

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ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

SECTION 172(1) STATEMENT

Each Director is required by the Companies Act 2006 to act in the way they consider, in good faith, 
would be most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its members as a whole 
and in doing so are required to have regard for the following:

- the likely long-term consequences of any decision;

- the interests of the Company’s employees;

- the need to foster the Company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others;

- the impact of the Company’s operations on the community and the environment;

- the desirability of the Company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct; and

- the need to act fairly as between shareholders of the Company.

In 2018, the Company adopted the Corporate Governance Code for Small and Mid-Sized Quoted 
Companies from The Quoted Companies Alliance (the “QCA Code”). The QCA Code is an appropriate code 
of conduct for the Company’s size and stage of development. In the Corporate Governance Report, on 
page 24 are comments regarding the application of the ten principles of the QCA Code.  Some s.172 
considerations are addressed in more detail in the Corporate Governance Report.

The Board considers the Company’s major stakeholders to include employees, suppliers, partners and 
shareholders. When making decisions, the interest of each stakeholder group individually and collectively 
is considered. Certain decisions require more weight attached to some stakeholders than others and while 
generally seeing the long-term interest of the shareholders is of primary importance, the Directors consider 
those interests are best served by having regard to the interests of the other key stakeholder groups and, 
in fact, to all the s. 172 considerations.

Long-term value
The aim of all business resources allocation is to create long-term value through the management of 
a balanced but dynamic portfolio of preclinical projects for development towards clinical readiness 
and partnering.  

The Chief Executive’s Report on page 6 describes the Group’s activities, strategy and future prospects. 
Some s. 172 considerations are also addressed in the Chief Executive’s Report, including the considerations 
for long term strategic development.

Our people
It is imperative that the core team has the right breadth of experience to manage all facets of early drug 
development, including scientific, commercial and operational considerations. The Company has and will 
continue to ensure appropriate training and engagement of employees to ensure successful delivery of the 
strategy. Effective project management processes will be employed so that all employees are clearly aware 
of the role they play in achieving the business objectives. As the number of employees grows, potentially 
through acquisition, the Company will ensure that relevant processes and procedures will be extended for 
the benefit of all staff.

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ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
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Business relationships
As ValiRx evolves from a wholly virtual drug developer to an integrated translational CRO, it is essential 
the Company continues to maintain good relationships with its suppliers by taking a collaborative 
approach and abiding by commercially acceptable business terms that benefit all parties.

Community and environment
At present, the Group’s impact on the community and the environment is modest but the Board endeavours 
to ensure that the business and suppliers act in an ethically and in an environmentally conscious manner. 
The Company is also committed to the 3R’s principles in all its preclinical studies.

Business conduct
The Board recognises its responsibility for setting and maintaining a high standard of behaviour and 
business conduct. The Company operates within the QCA Code framework and complies with all relevant 
regulatory requirements for developing new treatments for human use. The Company maintains a suite 
of standard operating procedures (SOPs) that describe the management system. All employees are 
trained regularly on these procedures. All material information is disseminated though appropriate 
channels and is available to all stakeholders through the Company’s corporate presentations, news 
releases and website, www.ValiRx.com. This is described in more detail in the Corporate Governance 
Report Principle 8.

Shareholders
The Directors are committed to treating all shareholders equally. As part of its decision-making process, 
the Board considers the interests of shareholders as a whole. All shareholders are provided with 
equivalent information through RNS announcements, and the ValiRx website. The Company has also 
introduced a quarterly Q&A process with shareholders to help improve clarity of business activities in 
a timely manner. For more information see Principles 2 and 3 in the Corporate Governance Report.

26

ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
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PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
ValiRx is a biopharmaceutical development Company and, in common with other companies operating in 
this field, is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. The principal risks and uncertainties identified 
by ValiRx for the year ended 31 December 2023 are below.

Risk Area: 

Research and development

Description:   

The Company has embarked on a new R&D strategy to develop preclinical assets and may not  
be successful in building a balanced pipeline of product candidates for subsequent out-licencing.

Mitigation: 

  High levels of business development activity to identify a range of promising candidates. 

Rigorous assessment and selection processes for any candidate entering the development
pipeline. Effective project management processes and stage-gates to review suitability for  
further development and eventual out-licencing. The company utilises a range of external 
scientific, regulatory and clinical experts to help guide its development programmes. 

The progress of the development programmes and identification of commercial partners 
for clinical development represents the best indicator of performance.

Risk Area: 

  Creating the tCRO®

Description:    The Company’s strategy has recently evolved to include the creation of a tCRO® with high growth  

  potential to generate income and (in-part) provide financial support to progress the internal 
  preclinical development pipeline. It intended the tCRO® will be built largely through a buy and 
  build strategy. The company recognises the specific risks associated with creating the tCRO®, 
  which include:
  - An inability to raise funds to acquire relevant companies and technologies
  - A lack of suitable acquisition candidates
  - Ineffective integration of acquired companies
  - Failure to achieve the desired growth rates Longer than expected time scales to generate  

  income and cover the cost of the internal development pipeline.

Mitigation: 

  The Company recognises the specific risks associated with creating the tCRO®, which include: 
  - Failure to achieve the desired growth rates 
  - Longer than expected time scales to generate income and cover the cost of the internal  

  development pipeline 

  - An inability to raise funds to acquire relevant companies and technologies 
  - A lack of suitable acquisition candidates 
  - Ineffective integration of acquired companies

Risk Area: 

  Commercial (current clinical programmes)

Description:    Failure to complete out-licencing of current clinical projects on acceptable commercial terms. 

  The strategic shift towards projects at an earlier stage means that ValiRx will no longer lead and  
  fund clinical studies. VAL201 and VAL401 will require out-licencing partners for continued 
  development.

Mitigation: 

  The Company is vigorously pursuing all business development avenues to identify out-licencing   
  options. for clinical development represents the best indicator of performance.

27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Risk Area: 

  Commercial (Inaphaea sales and revenue risks)  

Description:    Building a customer base from the ground up carries risks of slow uptake, customer retention,  

  reputational risks from experimental science; and commercial risks of slow payment from success 
  fully completed projects. 

  Product development risks include maintenance of quality of products provided. 

Mitigation: 

  Extensive study of the competitive landscape and intensive marketing campaigns are enabling   
  outreach. Use of industry standard platforms such as scientist.com and our collaborators network. 
  Ensuring products are developed and tested to industry standard, with our in-house and advisors  
  being appropriately.

Risk Area: 

  Cash flow

Description:    The cash required to continue development of the preclinical pipeline is greater than can be  

  generated from the tCRO®.

Mitigation: 

  Extensive study of the competitive landscape and intensive marketing campaigns are enabling   
  outreach. Use of industry standard platforms such as scientist.com and our collaborators network.  
  Ensuring products are developed and tested to industry standard, with our in-house and advisors  
  being appropriately trained to monitored and control quality. It is expected that out-licencing of  
  VAL201 and VAL401 will provide additional reserves to support the new 
  strategy. The Company will maintain an efficient overhead structure to minimise non-productive 
  costs Creation of the tCRO® provides an opportunity for service revenues to enter the ValiRx 
  cashflow.  

  The preclinical development pipeline will be balanced to ensure cash demands are 
  commensurate with that generated from the tCRO®.     

Risk Area: 

Regulatory

Description:   

The Company’s operations are subject to laws, regulatory approvals and certain governmental  
directives, recommendations and guidelines relating to, amongst other things, product health   
claims, occupational safety, laboratory practice, the use and handling of hazardous materials,  
prevention of illness and injury, environmental protection and human clinical studies. There can  
be no assurance that future legislation will not impose further government regulation, which may  
adversely affect the business or financial condition of the Company.

Mitigation: 

The Company manages its regulatory risk by working closely with its expert regulatory advisors  
and, where appropriate, seeking advice from bodies on regulatory risk relevant to the Company’s  
programmes and activities.

Risk Area: 

  Intellectual Property

Description:   

  The Company’s success depends on its ability to obtain and maintain protection for its 
  intellectual and proprietary information Patent applications may not be granted, and existing  
  patent rights may be successfully challenged and revoked.

Mitigation: 

  The Company invests in maintaining and protecting this intellectual property to reduce risks over  
  the enforceability and validity of patents. The Company works closely with its legal advisors and  
  obtains where necessary opinions on the intellectual property landscape relevant to all 
  programmes and activities.

28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Group Strategic Report
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Risk Area: 

  Operational

Description:   

  The Company’s development and future prospects depend to a significant degree on the 
  experience, performance and continued service of its senior management team, including the   
  Directors.

  The unplanned loss of the services of any of the Directors or other members of the senior
  management team and the costs of recruiting replacements may have a material adverse effect  
  on the Group and its commercial and financial performance.

Mitigation: 

  The Company has invested in its management team at all levels. The Directors also believe that  
  the senior management team is appropriately structured for the Company’s size and is not overly  
  dependent upon any particular individual. The Company has entered into contractual 
  arrangements with these individuals with the aim of retaining their ongoing commitment.

Risk Area: 

  Environmental Matters

Description:   

  The Board is committed to minimising the Group’s impact on the environment and ensuring 
  compliance with environmental legislation. The Board considers that its activities have a low    
  environmental impact. The Group strives to ensure that all emissions including the disposal of
  gaseous, liquid and solid waste products are controlled in accordance with applicable 
  legislation and regulations. Disposal of hazardous waste is handled by specialist agencies.

Mitigation: 

  The Group recognises its responsibility towards the environment and in the way it conduct its 
  business. It works closely with all its expert scientific advisors to ensure its compliance with 
  environmental legislation and to ensure that all emissions including the disposal of gaseous, 
  liquid and solid waste products are controlled in accordance with applicable legislation and    
  regulations.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:

G Desler
Director, Chair Audit and Risk Committee
Date: 13 May 2024

29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GOVERNANCE

ValiRx Plc

Corporate Governance
for the year ended 31 December 2023

The Board recognises that good corporate governance is essential to building a successful business that is 
sustainable for the long term.

The Corporate Governance Statement that follows, explains how our governance framework works and how 
the Company has applied the 10 principles of the QCA Code this year.

Corporate Governance Statement

The Board has adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code (QCA Code). 
The Board believes that this Code provides an appropriate and suitable governance framework for a Group 
of our size and complexity.

We believe the company is in full compliance with each of the 10 principles of the Quoted Companies Alliance 
Corporate Governance Code (QCA Code) and that our governance framework ensures that the Company 
operates effectively and with integrity.  In 2023, the Company continued a number of organisational and 
strategic changes that re-defined our purpose, values and culture. All changes were implemented in full 
compliance with the principles of the QCA Code.

This Corporate Governance Statement addresses how the Group complies with each of the 10 principles of 
the QCA Code.

Principle:

How the Company complies

1. Establish a strategy 
and business model 
which promote 
long-term value for 
shareholders

ValiRx is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing novel medicines to 
bring more advanced therapeutic options for the treatment of cancer and improve 
patient experience.

The Company’s business model focuses on in-licensing early-stage therapeutic 
candidates, conducting preclinical research and out-licensing therapeutic candidates 
ready for clinical development. By aiming for early-stage value creation, the Company 
reduces costs considerably while increasing the potential for realising value. 

In addition, the development of Inaphaea to provide nearer term revenue 
opportunities promotes the value to shareholders by internalising the R&D spend 
on in-house projects and bringing in service and product driven revenues to 
supplement shareholder funds.

2. Seek to understand 
and meet shareholder 
needs and 
expectations

The Board is accountable to shareholders and other stakeholders and is ultimately 
responsible for the implementation of sound corporate governance practices 
throughout the Group. Our Board of Directors is committed to ensuring that the Group 
adheres to high standards of corporate governance in the conduct of its business.

The Board attaches considerable importance to providing shareholders with clear 
and transparent information on the Group’s activities, strategy, and financial position. 
Details of all shareholder communications are provided on the Group’s website – 
www.valirx.com.

Private shareholders currently constitute the main body of investors in ValiRx. 
As such, the Board regards regular and interactive meetings as a good opportunity 
for shareholders to seek clarity on the Company’s activities. Virtual Q&A sessions are 
now held on a regular basis. The annual general meeting provides an additional 
opportunity for shareholders to meet and discuss the Group’s business with the 
Directors. Announcements on the Group’s half and full-year results presenting all 
shareholders with an assessment of the Group’s position and prospects are found 
on the website. Shareholders vote on each resolution, by way of a poll. For each 
resolution we announce the number of votes received for, against and withheld and 
subsequently publish them on our website.

The Directors actively seek to build a mutual understanding of objectives with 
institutional shareholders. The Chair and CEO make presentations to institutional 
shareholders and analysts immediately following the release of the full-year and 
half-year results. We communicate with institutional investors frequently through a 
combination of formal meetings, roadshows and informal briefings with 
management.

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ValiRx Plc

Corporate Governance
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Principle:

How the Company complies

3. Take into account 
wider stakeholder and 
social responsibilities 
and their implications 
for long-term success

The majority of meetings with shareholders and potential investors are arranged by the 
Company’s broker. Following meetings, the broker provides feedback to the board from 
all fund managers met, from which sentiments, expectations and intentions may be 
gleaned.

In addition, we review analysts’ notes to achieve a wide understanding of investors’ views.

The Board recognises its prime responsibility under UK corporate law is to promote 
the success of the Company for the benefit of its members as a whole. The Board 
also understands that it has a responsibility towards employees, partners, customers, 
suppliers, and the patients who ultimately benefit from its research and drug 
development programmes. Our corporate social responsibility approach continues 
to meet these expectations. The Board also understands that it has a responsibility 
to take into account, where practicable, the social, environmental and economic 
impact of its approach.

Responsibility for the Company’s corporate activities lies with the Senior Management 
Team (‘SMT’) who set the Group’s strategic approach and develop key policies. 
The Company engages with stakeholders through a number of channels, which 
include shareholder communications via the Regulatory News service (‘RNS’), the 
Company’s website and its Annual Report & Accounts, results presentations and the 
Annual General Meeting and via interviews in the broadcast media and attendance 
at investor shows around the country.

Corporate communication and shareholder engagement through these channels not 
only gives shareholders a deeper insight into and understanding of the Company’s 
activities and of its development, but it also invites feedback, either face-to-face at 
such meetings or via email, on how the Company can improve its communications with 
stakeholders to better support their needs.  By so doing, such engagement enables 
the SMT to more effectively work with stakeholders in the future to their mutual 
advantage. The Board receives formal feedback from the SMT on a quarterly basis 
on the nature of interaction with the stakeholders they meet during each period.

The SMT comprises of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer 
who take leading roles in key strategic areas such as Gender, HR, and Environmental 
Management. The SMT is also responsible for ensuring global compliance with key 
internal and external policies including:

•  Anti-human trafficking and slavery policy

•  Diversity policy

•  Anti-corruption and bribery policy

•  Whistleblowing policy

•  UK modern slavery act.

32

ValiRx Plc

Corporate Governance
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Principle:

How the Company complies

4. Embed effective 
risk management, 
considering both 
opportunities and 
threats, throughout 
the organisation

An important aspect of risk management is to put in place and consistently work 
according to unambiguous Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). A SOP is a 
compulsory instruction to carry out s series of operations correctly and always in the 
same manner, avoiding deviations or non-conformances to ensure that the integrity 
of scientific investigations and drug manufacture are consistently maintained.

ValiRx operates an internal Quality Management System (QMS) comprising 14 SOPs 
to comply with the most stringent quality standards expected of a drug development 
company. Furthermore, the Company regularly audits its suppliers to ensure the 
manufacturing process, quality process, and also the drug’s shipment process all 
conform to the standard required.

5. Maintain the Board 
as a well-functioning, 
balanced team led by 
the chair

Board Composition - The Board currently consists of two Executive Directors, a Non-
Executive Chairman, and three Non-Executive Directors. Collectively the Board has scientific, 
financial, legal, and business experience necessary to advance the Company and apply 
corporate governance best practices. The Board is satisfied with its composition and the 
balance between Executive and Non-Executive Directors. These are:

Dr Kevin Cox (Independent Non-Executive Chairman)
Dr Suzanne Dilly (Chief Executive Officer)
Gerry Desler (Executive Chief Financial Officer)
Martin Lampshire (Independent Non-Executive Director)
Stella Panu (Independent Non-Executive Director) - resigned 15 April 2024
Adrian de Courcey (Independent Non-Executive Director) - appointed 22 April 2024
Martin Gouldstone (Independent Non-Executive Director) - appointed 22 April 2024

Role of the CEO 
•  Leads and manages the day-to-day running of the Group’s business in accordance  
  with the business plans and within the budgets approved by the Board;
•  Leads the management to ensure effective working relationships with the Board  
  by meeting or communicating on a regular basis to review key developments, issues,  
  opportunities and concerns;
•  Develops and proposes the Group’s strategies and policies for the Board’s  consideration;
•  Implements, with the support of the management team, the strategies and policies   
  as approved by the Board and its committees in pursuit of the Group’s objectives;
•  Maintains regular dialogue with the Chairman on important and strategic issues  
  facing the Group, and ensures bringing these issues to the Board’s attention;
•  Ensures that the management gives appropriate priority to providing reports to the  
  Board which contain relevant, accurate, timely and clear information necessary for   
  the Board to fulfil its duties;
•  Ensures that the Board is alerted to forthcoming complex, contentious or sensitive    

issues affecting the Group;

•  Leads the communication programme with stakeholders including shareholders;
•  Conducts the affairs of the Group in accordance with the practices and procedures  
  adopted by the Board and promotes the highest standards of integrity, probity and  
  corporate governance within the Group.

Role of the Non-Executive Directors
As members of the Board, all Non-Executive directors have key accountabilities, which 
include the following:
•  Provision of leadership of the Company within a framework of prudent and effective  
  controls, which enable risk to be assessed and managed;
•  Setting the Company’s strategic aims, ensure that the necessary financial and human  
  resources are in place for the Company to meet its objectives, and review 
  management performance;
•  Setting the Company’s values and standards and ensure that its obligations to 
  shareholders are understood and met;

33

 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Corporate Governance
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Principle:

How the Company complies

•  Constructively challenge and help develop strategy, participate actively in the  
  decision-making process of the Board, and scrutinise the performance of management  

in meeting agreed goals and objectives.

Independence
As recommended in the UK Corporate Governance Code, the Board will identify in the 
annual report each Non-Executive Director it considers to be independent. The Board will 
determine whether the Director is independent in character and judgement and whether 
there are relationships or circumstances which are likely to affect, or could appear to 
affect, the Director’s judgement. The Board will state its reasons if it determines that a 
Director is independent notwithstanding the existence of relationships or circumstances 
which are relevant to its determination, including if the Director:
•  Has been an employee of the Company or group within the last five years;
•  Has, or has had within the last three years, a material business relationship with the  
  Company either directly, or as a Director or senior employee of a body that has such a  
  relationship with the Company;
•  Has received or receives additional remuneration from the Company apart from a    
  Director’s fee;
•  Has close family ties with any of the Company’s advisers, directors or senior employees;
•  Holds cross-directorships or has significant links with other directors through 

involvement in other companies or bodies; or

•  Has served on the Board for more than nine years form the date of their first election.

Role of the Board Committees
The Board has established three committees: remuneration, audit and risk and 
nomination and governance. All of these committees have terms of reference, which set 
out clearly their role, stating whether it is to take decisions or make recommendations to 
the Board of Directors. These are available on the Company’s website (See below).

Biographical details of the Directors & Management can be found on the Company’s 
website at https://www.valirx.com/board-directors-and-management-team

ValiRx seeks to recruit the best candidates at Board level and considers candidates on 
merit and against objective criteria and with due regard for the benefits of diversity on 
the Board (including gender), taking care that appointees have the necessary experience 
and time available to allocate to the position. Each Director appointed by the Board is 
subject to election by the shareholders at the first AGM after their appointment. 
Following advice from the Nomination and Governance Committee, the Board has 
concluded that each Director is qualified for election or re-election.

The current Board members are individuals with extensive industry-specific experience as 
well as professionals that bring to the Board the skill sets required to meet its strategic, 
operational and compliance objectives. Their suitability as Directors has therefore been 
determined largely on the basis of their ability to deliver outcomes in accordance with the 
company’s short and longer-term objectives and thus add value to shareholders.

6. Ensure that 
between them the 
directors have the 
necessary up-to-date 
experience, skills and 
capabilities

7. Evaluate board 
performance based 
on clear and relevant 
objectives, seeking 
continuous 
improvement

ValiRx considers that assessments of the performance of the Board, the Board 
committees, the Chief Executive, the Company Secretary and each of the individual 
Non-Executive Directors are pivotal to good corporate governance, bringing significant 
benefits and performance improvements on three levels: organisational; board and 
individual member level. Establishing an effective process for board evaluation sends 
a positive signal to the organisation that board members are committed to acting 
professionally.

Performance assessments are conducted annually across the board, applying a matrix 
of key areas of focus to identify collective and individual strengths and weaknesses 
within the Company for continuous improvement.

34

 
 
ValiRx Plc

Corporate Governance
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Principle:

How the Company complies

7. Evaluate board 
performance based 
on clear and relevant 
objectives, seeking 
continuous 
improvement (Cont)

Board Composition
•  Appropriate ratio between Executive and Independent Directors;
•  Awareness of social, professional and legal responsibilities at individual, company and  
  community level; ability to identify independence conflicts; applies sound professional 

judgement; identifies when external counsel should be sought; upholds Board  

  confidentiality; respectful in every situation.
•  Effective in working within defined corporate communications policies; makes  
  constructive and precise contribution to the Board both verbally and in written form;
•  Negotiation skills to engender stakeholder support for implementing Board decisions;  
  and
•  Experienced with the mechanisms, controls and channels to deliver effective  
  governance and manage risks.

Effectiveness of the Board of Directors in:
•  Monitoring financial performance against agreed financial objectives;
•  Monitoring the implementation of the strategy approved by the Board;
•  Appointing, removing and monitoring the performance of the Chief Executive Officer,  
  Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Company Secretary;
•  Ensuring appropriate succession planning for Board members and senior management  
  via the Nomination and Governance Committee;
•  Approving and monitoring financial and other reporting;
•  Approving and monitoring major capital expenditure, capital management, funding,  
  acquisitions and divestments;
•  Overseeing risk management, control, accountability and compliance systems;
•  Setting standards of behaviour to enhance the reputation of the Company in the 
  market and the community;
•  Ensuring proper organisation and management so as to achieve conformity goals    
  across all aspects of the business;
•  Setting appropriate delegated powers between CEO and Board of Directors;
•  Ensuring quality and continuity of relations with the Group CEO, members of 
  Committees, managers and heads of control functions; and
•  Setting clear strategy for the Company reflecting goals short to mid-long term.

Effectiveness of Executive Management in:
•  Implementing the strategic objectives set by the Board;
•  Operating within the risk parameters set by the Board;
•  Operational and business management of the Company;
•  Managing the Company’s reputation and operating performance in accordance 
  parameters set by the Board;
•  The day-to-day running of the Company;
•  Providing the Board with accurate, timely and clear information to enable the Board 
  to perform its responsibilities;
•  Interfacing with shareholders and stakeholders, Nomad and Broker; and
•  Approving capital expenditure (except acquisitions) within delegated authority levels.

Structure and competency of Committees to:
•  Advise the Board on the suitability of external auditors and critical accounting policies  
  for financial reports, in particular YE audited accounts, and the Company’s risk 
  management and internal control systems;
•  Provide independent and transparent pay arrangements linked to achievements over 
  a given period; and
•  Lead the Board appointment and succession planning process considering the 
  requirements of the Company.

35

 
ValiRx Plc

Corporate Governance
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Principle:

How the Company complies

8. Promote a 
corporate culture 
that is based on 
ethical values and 
behaviours

The Board understands the importance of setting the right culture for a biotechnology 
oncology-focused group specialising in developing novel treatments for cancer that will 
provide a breakthrough into human health and wellbeing through the early detection of 
cancer and its therapeutic intervention. Moreover, it ensures that the Company’s 
strategies and requirements for excellence and good governance are instilled into the 
culture of our business. The Executive Directors interface regularly with all personnel 
within ValiRx. In this way we encourage them to take responsibility for advancing their 
projects within parameters and controls set by the Board. This approach creates a 
culture that motivates and enables our personnel to develop and express their talents 
and skills. Moreover, in the performance of its duties the Board listens to the views of 
key stakeholders, including scientists, clinicians, regulators and suppliers and is mindful 
of the potential impacts of decisions it makes.

9. Maintain 
governance structures 
and processes that 
are fit for purpose 
and support good 
decision-making by 
the board

10. Communicate 
how the company is 
governed and is 
performing by 
maintaining a 
dialogue with 
shareholders and 
other relevant 
stakeholders

The Board of Directors, with the support of the Executive Management and Committees, 
is ultimately responsible for establishing and maintaining good standards of governance. 
This can be achieved by creating conditions that enhance overall Board’s and individual 
Directors’ effectiveness in order that all key issues are addressed, and sound decisions 
are taken in a timely manner.

Other responsibilities of the Board of Directors include:
•  Promoting effective relationships and open communication, and creates an 
  environment that allows constructive debates and challenges, both inside and outside  
  the boardroom, between Non-executive Director(s) and the management;
•  Ensuring that the Board as a whole plays a full and constructive part in the 
  development and determination of the Group’s strategies and policies, and that Board  
  decisions taken are in the Group’s best interests and fairly reflect Board’s consensus;
•  Setting, in consultation with the Chief Executive and Company Secretary, the Board   
  meeting schedule and agenda to take full account of the important issues facing the  
  Group and the concerns of all Directors, and ensures that adequate time is available  
  for thorough discussion of critical and strategic issues;
•  Ensuring that the strategies and policies agreed by the Board are effectively 

implemented by the Chief Executive and the management; and

•  Ensuring that there is effective communication with shareholders, and that each 
  Director develops and maintains an understanding of the stakeholders’ views.

The Board recognises the importance of sound corporate governance.
The Board is satisfied with its composition. The Non-Executive Directors bring a wide 
range of skills and experience to the Company, as well as independent judgment on 
strategy, risk and performance. The independence of each Non-Executive Director is 
assessed at least annually, and both are considered to be independent at the date of 
this report. 

Attendance at Board meetings
A minimum of ten (10) Board meetings are held each year at which it is expected that 
all Directors attend in addition to relevant Committee meetings, General Meetings 
and the Annual General Meeting.

Where Directors are unable to attend meetings due to conflicts in their schedules, 
they will receive the papers scheduled for discussion in the relevant meetings, giving 
them the opportunity to relay any comments to board members in advance of the 
meeting. Directors are required to leave the meeting where matters relating to them, 
or which may constitute a conflict of interest to them, are being discussed.

The number of Board Meetings attended by each Director during the year was:

36

 
ValiRx Plc

Corporate Governance
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Principle:

How the Company complies

10. Communicate 
how the company 
is governed and is 
performing by 
maintaining a 
dialogue with 
shareholders and 
other relevant 
stakeholders

Director

Number of meetings held 
whilst a board member

Number of meetings 
attended

Gerry Desler
Martin Lampshire
Dr Suzy Dilly
Dr Kevin Cox
Stella Panu

12 
12
12
12
12

9
12
12
12
11

Matters reserved for the Board
•  Approval of the Group vision, values and overall governance framework;
•  Approval of the Company’s Annual Report and Accounts and Half Yearly Financial    
  Statements;
•  Approval of Group financial policy;
•  Approval to enter into discussions with Biotech companies reference potential  

joint-partnering projects or licensing of Company’s preclinical and clinical assets;

•  Approval of the Company’s long-term finance plan and annual capital budget;
•  Approval of any significant change in Group accounting policies or practices;
•  Approval of all circulars, listing particulars, resolutions and corresponding 
  documentation sent to shareholders;
•  Establishing committees of the Board, approving their terms of reference 

(including membership and financial authority), reviewing their activities and, 

  where appropriate, ratifying their decisions;
•  Approval of this schedule of Matters Reserved to the Board.

The Board is responsible to the Company’s shareholders with its main objective to 
increase the value of assets and long-term sustainability of the Company. The Board 
reviews business opportunities and determines the risks and control framework. 
It also makes decisions on budgets, Group strategy and major capital expenditure. 
The day-to day management of the business is delegated to the Executive Directors.

The Board meets monthly with agendas, Committee papers and other appropriate 
information distributed prior to each meeting to allow the Board to meet its duties. 
Effective procedures are in place to deal with conflicts of interest. The Board knows 
other interests and commitments of Directors and any changes to their commitments 
are reported.

In addition to the Executive Committee, the Board has established a Remuneration 
Committee, an Audit and Risk Committee, and a Nomination and Governance Committee, 
which also report into ValiRx’s Board.

The Executive Committee is in charge of the daily management of the Group and is 
mandated to prepare and plan the overall policies and strategies of the Company for 
approval by the Board. It may approve intra-group transactions, provided that they are 
consistent with the consolidated annual budget of the Company, as well as specific 
transactions with third parties provided that the cost per transaction is within specified 
spending limits. It informs the Board at its next meeting on each such transaction. 

Prior to the beginning of each fiscal year, the Executive Committee submits to the Board 
those measures that it deems necessary to be taken in order to meet the objectives of 
the Company and a consolidated budget for approval. This committee comprises:

37

 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Corporate Governance
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Principle:

How the Company complies

•  Dr Suzy Dilly (Chief Executive Officer)
•  Gerry Desler (Executive Chief Financial Officer)

The Audit and Risk Committee meets at least twice per annum and is responsible for 
assisting the Board in carrying out its oversight responsibilities in relation to corporate 
policies, risk management, internal control, internal and external audit and financial 
and regulatory reporting practices. The Committee has an oversight function, providing 
a link between the external auditors and the Board; it also determines the terms of 
engagement of the Company’s auditors. The current members of the Audit and Risk 
Committee are:

•  Gerry Desler (Executive Chief Financial Officer)
•  Dr Suzy Dilly (Chief Executive Officer)

The Remuneration Committee meets at least twice per annum to determine and agree 
with the Board the framework or broad policy for the remuneration of executive 
directors of the Company and advises on the overall remuneration policies applied 
throughout the Company. The objective of this committee is to attract, retain and 
motivate executives capable of delivering the Company’s objectives. Agreed personal 
objectives and targets including financial and non-financial metrics are set each year 
for the executive directors and other personnel and performance measured against 
these metrics. The committee is made up of Non-Executive Director(s), namely:

•  Dr Kevin Cox (Non-Executive Chairman)
•  Martin Lampshire (Non-Executive Director)
•  Gerry Desler (Executive Chief Financial Officer)

The Chief Executive Officer is consulted on remuneration packages and policy but 
does not attend discussions regarding her own package. The Board determines the 
remuneration and terms and conditions of the appointment of Non-Executive Directors.

The Nomination Committee is a sub-committee of the whole Board responsible for 
the selection and proposal to the Board of suitable candidates for appointment as 
Executive and Non-Executive Director(s). The Committee may engage external search 
consultants to identify candidates for Board vacancies before recommending a 
preferred candidate to the Board for consideration. The Committee comprises:

•  Dr Kevin Cox (Non-Executive Chairman)
•  Gerry Desler (Executive Chief Financial Officer)
•  Martin Lampshire (Non-Executive Director)

38

ValiRx Plc

Report of the Directors
for the year ended 31 December 2023

The Directors present their report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023.

DIVIDENDS
No dividends will be distributed for the year ended 31 December 2023. 

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Group will continue its policy of investment in research and development. In accordance with International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), during the year the Group expensed to the income statement £383,362 
(2022: £551,233) on research and development. In addition wage costs of £462,862 (2022: £254,050) were 
expended on research and development. Further details on the Group’s research and development are 
included in the Chief Executive’s Report on page 6.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
Details of future developments can be found in the Strategic Report on pages 5 to 29.

DIRECTORS
The Directors shown below have held office during the whole of the period from 1 January 2023 to the date 
of this report. 

G Desler
M Lampshire 
Dr S J Dilly 
Dr K Cox
S Panu (resigned 15 April 2024)

Since the year end the following directors have been appointed.
A de Courcey (appointed 22 April 2024)
M Gouldstone (appointed 22 April 2024)

DIRECTORS’ SHAREHOLDINGS
The Directors of the Company held the following beneficial interests in the ordinary shares of the Company 
at the balance sheet date:

G Desler
M Lampshire 
Dr S J Dilly 
Dr K Cox
S Panu (resigned 15 April 2024) 

2023
No. of shares
128,668
144,000
416,668
372,333 
-

2022
No. of shares
128,668
144,000
416,668
372,333
-

The Directors appointed since the year end held shares at their date of appointment as follows:

A De Courcey  
M Gouldstone

871,036
-

-
-

39

 
ValiRx Plc

Report of the Directors
for the year ended 31 December 2023

DIRECTORS’ SHARE OPTIONS
The Directors of the Company held share options granted under the Company share option scheme, as 
indicated below. No share options were exercised during the year. Full details of the share options held are 
disclosed in note 25 to the financial statements.

G Desler
M Lampshire 
Dr S J Dilly 
Dr K Cox
S Panu (resigned 15 April 2024) 

2023
No. of shares
228,334
150,000
604,752
500,000
150,000

2022
No. of shares
228,334
150,000
604,752
500,000
150,000

The Directors appointed since the year end held warrants at their date of appointment as follows:

A De Courcey
M Gouldstone 

22,955
-

-
-

COMPANY SHARE PRICE
The market value of the Company’s shares at 31 December 2023 was 5.90p and the high and low share prices 
during the period were 14.13p and 5.40p respectively.

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
Note 26 to the financial statements gives details of the Group’s objectives and policies for risk management 
of financial instruments.

40

ValiRx Plc

Report of the Directors
for the year ended 31 December 2023

SIGNIFICANT SHAREHOLDERS
As at 13 May 2024, so far as the Directors are aware, the following shareholders held more than 3% of the 
Company’s issued share capital:

Number of shares

% of issued share capital held

Monecor (London) Limited

Sanderson Capital Partners Limited 

Adam Hargreaves

4,466,969

5,000,000 

7,749,163

3.37%

3.78%

5.89%

DIRECTORS’ INSURANCE
The Directors and officers of the Company are insured against any claims against them for any wrongful 
act in their capacity as a Director, officer or employee of the Group, subject to the terms and conditions 
of the policy.

CREDITOR PAYMENT POLICY
The company’s current policy concerning the payment of trade creditors is to:
- settle the terms of payment with suppliers when agreeing the terms of each transaction;
- ensure that suppliers are made aware of the terms of payment by inclusion of the relevant terms in 
  contracts; and
- pay in accordance with the company’s contractual and other legal obligations.

On average, trade creditors at the year-end represented 30 days’ purchases.

STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS
So far as the Directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the 
Companies Act 2006) of which the Group’s auditors are unaware, and each Director has taken all the steps 
that he or she ought to have taken as a Director in order to make himself or herself aware of any relevant 
audit information and to establish that the Group’s auditors are aware of that information. 

AUDITORS
The auditors, Adler Shine LLP, will be proposed for re-appointment at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:

G Desler
Director
Date: 13 May 2024

41

ValiRx Plc

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
for the year ended 31 December 2023

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, Directors’ Report, Corporate Governance 
Statement and the Group and Parent Company financial statements in accordance with applicable law 
and regulations.

Company law requires the Directors to prepare Group and Parent Company financial statements for each 
financial year. The Directors are required by the AIM Rules of the London Stock Exchange to prepare Group 
financial statements in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting  Standards (“IAS”) in 
conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act and have elected under company law to prepare 
the Parent Company financial statements in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting 
Standards (“IAS”) in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

The Group financial statements are required by law and UK adopted IAS to present fairly the financial position 
and performance of the Group; the Companies Act 2006 provides in relation to such financial statements that 
references in the relevant part of that Act to financial statements giving a true and fair view are references to 
their achieving a fair presentation.

Under company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they 
give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and Parent Company and of the profit or loss of 
the Group for that period. In preparing each of the Group and Parent Company financial statements the 
Directors are required to:

-  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 
-  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
-  for the Group financial statements, state whether they have been prepared in accordance with UK adopted 

International Accounting Standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act, subject to any  

  material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; 
-  for the Parent Company financial statements, state whether they have been prepared in accordance with  
  UK adopted International Accounting Standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act, 
  subject to any material departure disclosed and explained in the Parent Company financial statements;  
-  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
  Group and the Parent Company will continue in business; and 
-  prepare the financial statements in accordance with the rules of the London Stock exchange for companies 
  trading securities on AIM. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain 
the Parent Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position 
of the Parent Company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the requirements 
of the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and the 
Parent Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other 
irregularities.

Website publication
The maintenance and integrity of the Company’s website is the responsibility of the Directors. The Directors’ 
responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the financial statements contained therein. The Directors 
are responsible for ensuring the annual report and the financial statements are made available on a website. 
Financial statements are published on the Company’s website in accordance with legislation in the United 
Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements, which may vary from legislation 
in other jurisdictions.

42

 
ValiRx Plc

Report of the Independent Auditors 
to the Members of ValiRx Plc

Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of ValiRx Plc (the ‘Parent Company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’)  
for the year ended 31 December 2023 which comprise the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income, the  
Group and Company Statements of Financial Position, the Group Statement of Cash Flows, the Group and  
Company Statements of Changes in Equity and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting 
policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and UK 
adopted International Accounting Standards, in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

In our opinion:
 - the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s affairs  
  as at 31 December 2023 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended;
-  the Group’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with UK adopted International 
  Accounting Standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006;
-  the Parent Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK adopted 
International Accounting Standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006; and

-  the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit 
of the financial statements section of our report.  We are independent of the Group and Parent Company in 
accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, 
including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical 
responsibilities in accordance with these requirements.  We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is 
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Emphasis of Matter
We draw attention to the value of goodwill in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and the value of 
investments in the Company Statement of Financial Position. The value of investments represents the historic cost 
of acquisition of investments less provisions for impairment. The value of goodwill arises on consolidation and 
represents the excess between the value of the underlying subsidiary on acquisition and the cost of investment, 
less provisions for impairment.

Management’s assessment of impairment includes a review of the net present value of future potential cashflows 
of the underlying assets. The basis of these valuations include a number of variables within the calculations that 
are subjective and based on professional judgments of expectations and estimates. This also includes the 
expected potential around the success of the future development and commercialisation of the Group’s products, 
VAL 201 and VAL 401.

While we have assessed management’s judgements and application of estimates in their calculations and 
consider these to be reasonable, as set out in the key audit risks below, there are several factors that could result 
in a material change in the valuation of the underlying investments which could result in an impairment of the
investments and associated goodwill.

Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.

43

 
 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Report of the Independent Auditors 
to the Members of ValiRx Plc

Conclusions relating to going concern
Material uncertainty relating to going concern
We draw your attention to the policy on Going Concern within note 2 to the financial statements, which 
indicates that the accounts have been prepared on the going concern basis. The Board has referred to 
the fact that the Group and Parent Company are reliant on future fund raisings to continue their activities 
as budgeted. Should future fund raisings be unsuccessful, this may cast significant doubt on the Group 
and parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of 
this matter.

Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit 
of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: 
the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement 
team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in 
forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

44

ValiRx Plc

Report of the Independent Auditors 
to the Members of ValiRx Plc

The key audit matters identified were:

Impairment of goodwill and intangibles
Area of focus
The Group has goodwill of £1.60 million and intangible assets of £0.72 million.

IAS 36 requires at least annual impairment assessments in relation to goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible 
assets and intangible assets that are not yet ready for use, with more regular assessments should an 
impairment trigger be identified.

The determination of recoverable amount, being the higher of value-in-use and fair value less costs of disposal, 
requires judgement on the part of management in identifying and then estimating the recoverable amount for 
the relevant CGUs.

Recoverable amounts are based on management’s view of future cash flow forecasts and external market 
conditions such as future pricing and the most appropriate discount rate.

Management engaged an expert to assist them in performing an annual impairment assessment which 
included the assumptions and estimates around the success of the future development and commercialisation 
of its products VAL 201 and VAL 401. Changes in these assumptions might give rise to a change in the 
carrying value of intangibles and goodwill.

How our audit addressed the area of focus
We obtained the report prepared by the expert and gained an understanding of the key assumptions and 
judgements underlying the assessment. We assessed the appropriateness of the methodology applied and 
tested the mathematical accuracy of the models.

We obtained an understanding of the stage of product development and management’s expected timelines 
for product commercialisation, including updates on the achievement of expected milestones.

We determined the judgement made by the Directors that no impairment was required, and that the 
disclosures made in the financial statements to be reasonable.

Going concern
Area of focus
Refer to note 2 of the financial statements for the Directors’ disclosures of related accounting policies, 
judgements and estimates. The Directors have concluded that they have a reasonable expectation that the 
Group will have sufficient cash resources and cash inflows to continue its activities for not less than twelve 
months from the date of approval of these financial statements and have therefore prepared these financial 
statements on a going concern basis.

The Group had cash and cash equivalents of £174,684 as at 31 December 2023.

Management produces a cash flow forecast based on the board plans.

The key judgements within the cash flow forecast that we particularly focused on were:
- The continued availability of funding.
- The likely recovery of other receivables.
- Cash flows expected from research and development tax credits.
- Flexibility of development programme.

How our audit addressed the area of focus
We assessed the reasonableness and support for the judgments underpinning management’s forecast, 
as well as the sensitivity of projections to these judgements.

We reviewed management’s financing plans and considered the reasonableness of the assumptions within 
management’s proposed cost reduction actions, should future fund raisings be lower than anticipated.

Our conclusion on management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting is included in the going 
concern section of the report above.

45

ValiRx Plc

Report of the Independent Auditors 
to the Members of ValiRx Plc

We reviewed management’s financing plans and considered the reasonableness of the assumptions within 
management’s proposed cost reduction actions, should future fund raisings be lower than anticipated.

Our conclusion on management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting is included in the going concern 
section of the report above.

Our application of materiality
When establishing our overall audit strategy, we set certain thresholds which help us to determine the nature, 
timing and extent of our audit procedures and to evaluate the effects of misstatements, both individually and 
on the financial statements as a whole.

We consider materiality to be the magnitude by which misstatements, including omissions, could influence the 
economic decisions of reasonable users that are taken on the basis of the financial statements.

In order to reduce the probability that any misstatement exceeds materiality to an appropriately low level, we 
use a lower materiality level, performance materiality, to determine the extent of testing needed. Importantly, 
misstatements below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as we also take account of the 
nature of identified misstatements, and the particular circumstances of their occurrence, when evaluating their 
effect of the financial statements as a whole.

Based on our professional judgment, we determined materiality for the financial statements as a whole and 
performance materiality as follows:

Group and Parent Company materiality were set at £168,200 and £125,000 respectively, based on 8% of loss 
before tax and amortisation. In our professional judgement, this benchmark is considered appropriate as it 
reflects the ongoing operational requirements of the business to develop and build the business.

Group and Parent Company performance materiality were set at £126,200 and £93,700 respectively, based on 
75% of materiality. In setting the level of performance materiality, we consider a number of factors including 
the control environment, our testing strategy, the total value of known and likely misstatement (based on past 
experience and other factors) and management’s attitude towards proposed adjustments.

Component materiality
For the purposes of our Group audit opinion, we set materiality for each significant component of the Group 
based on a percentage of Group materiality, dependent on the size and our assessment of the risk of material 
misstatement of that component.

Reporting thresholds
We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them all unadjusted audit differences in excess of 
£5,000, as well as differences below this threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds.

An overview of the scope of our audit
The audit was scoped to ensure that the audit team obtained sufficient and appropriate audit evidence in relation 
to significant operations of the Group during the year ended 31 December 2023. In particular, we looked at areas 
involving significant accounting estimates and judgement by the Directors. We also addressed the risk of 
management override of internal controls, including an evaluation of whether there was evidence of bias by the 
Directors that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.

As part of our planning, we assessed the risk of material misstatement including those that required significant 
auditor consideration at the component and group level. Procedures were designed and performed to address 
the risk identified and for the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement, the procedures performed 
are outlined above in the key audit matters section of this report.

Other information
The Directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the 
Annual Report but does not include the financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise 
explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

46

 
ValiRx Plc

Report of the Independent Auditors 
to the Members of ValiRx Plc

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise 
explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, 
in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements, or our 
knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such 
material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a 
material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based 
on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, 
we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
-  the information given in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for 
  which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
-  the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with 
  applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the Parent Company and its environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Group Strategic Report 
or the Report of the Directors.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to 
report to you if, in our opinion:
- adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent Company, or returns adequate for our audit 
  have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
-  the Parent Company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
-  certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or
-  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

47

 
ValiRx Plc

Report of the Independent Auditors 
to the Members of ValiRx Plc

Responsibilities of Directors
As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities set out on page 42, the Directors are 
responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view, and for such internal control as the Directors determine necessary to enable the preparation of financial 
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s and the Parent 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern 
and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Group or 
the Parent Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our 
opinion.  Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in 
line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including 
fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below.

We are not responsible for preventing irregularities. The primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of 
fraud rest with both those charged with governance of the entity and management.

Our approach to identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including 
fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations included, but was not limited to, the following:

-  the engagement partner ensured that the engagement team collectively had the appropriate competence,  
  capabilities and skills to identify or recognise non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations;
-  we identified the laws and regulations applicable to the company through discussions with the Directors and  
  other management, and from our commercial knowledge and experience of the medical research and  
  development sector;
-  we focused on specific laws and regulations which we considered may have a direct material effect on the  
  financial statements or the operations of the company, including the Companies Act 2006, taxation legislation 
  and data protection, anti-bribery, employment and health and safety legislation;
-  we assessed the extent of compliance with the laws and regulations identified above through making enquiries  
  of management and inspecting legal correspondence; and
-  identified laws and regulations were communicated within the audit team regularly and the team remained alert  
  to instances of non-compliance throughout the audit.

We assessed the susceptibility of the Company’s financial statements to material misstatement, including obtaining 
an understanding of how fraud might occur, by:

-  making enquiries of management as to where they considered there was susceptibility to fraud, their knowledge  
  of actual, suspected and alleged fraud; and
-  considering the internal controls in place to mitigate risks of fraud and non-compliance with laws and 
  regulations.

To address the risk of fraud through management bias and override of controls, we:

-  performed analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships;
-  tested journal entries to identify unusual transactions;
-  assessed whether judgements and assumptions made in determining the accounting estimates were indicative 
  of potential bias; and
-  investigated the rationale behind significant or unusual transactions.

48

 
 
ValiRx Plc

Report of the Independent Auditors 
to the Members of ValiRx Plc

In response to the risk of irregularities and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we designed procedures 
which included, but were not limited to:

-  agreeing financial statement disclosures to underlying supporting documentation;
-  reading the minutes of meetings of those charged with governance;
-  enquiring of management as to actual and potential litigation and claims; and
-  reviewing correspondence with HMRC, relevant regulators including the Health and Safety Executive, and 
  the company’s legal advisors.

Due to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those 
leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk 
increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions 
reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. 
The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional 
concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Report 
of the Auditors.

Use of our report
This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members 
those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for no other purpose. To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the 
Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.. 

Alexander Chrysaphiades FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of Adler Shine LLP 
Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditor
Aston House
Cornwall Avenue
London
N3 1LF

Date:  13 May 2024

49

 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ValiRx Plc

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Continuing Operations
Turnover

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Research and developments
Administrative expenses
Share-based payment charge

Operating Loss

Finance costs

Loss Before Income Tax

Income tax credit

Loss After Income Tax

Non-controlling interest

Total Comprehensive Loss For The Year
Attributable To Shareholders

   Notes 

4

6

7 

8

2023
 £ 

9,600

(1,440)

2022
 £ 

  -

-

8,160

           -

(383,362)
(1,886,401)
(36,936)

            (551,233) 
(1,502,355)
(539,791)

(2,298,539)

(2,593,379)

(4,419)

(5,456)

(2,302,958)

(2,598,835)

175,173

192,671

(2,127,785)

(2,406,164)

          90,084  

            39,676  

(2,037,701)

(2,366,488)

Loss Per Share - Basic And Diluted

10

(2.01p)

(3.06p)

51

           
  
 
  
  
ValiRx Plc (Registered number: 03916791)

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position - continued
31 December 2023

ASSETS
ASSETS
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Goodwill
Goodwill
Intangible assets
Intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment
Right-of-use assets
Right-of-use assets

CURRENT ASSETS
Inventory
Trade and other receivables
Tax receivable
Cash and cash equivalents

   Notes 

11
12
13
20

 15 

16

2023
 £ 

 1,602,522 
      718,814 
      242,625 
                    -   

2022
 £ 

           1,602,522 
       903,900 
                  -   
            5,561 

   2,563,961    

 2,511,983   

                  69,002 
      147,618 
      175,173 
      174,684  

 -   
        133,815 
        192,671 
     1,137,477 

      566,477     

     1,463,963 

TOTAL ASSETS

       3,130,438    

3,975,946  

EQUITY
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Called up share capital
Share premium
Merger reserve
Reverse acquisition reserve
Share option reserve
Retained earnings

Non-controlling interests

TOTAL EQUITY

LIABILITIES
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Borrowings
Lease liabilities

CURRENT LIABILITIES
Trade and other payables
Borrowings
Lease liabilities

TOTAL LIABILITIES

   17 

19
20

 18
19
 20    

           9,707,266 
   27,870,548 
      637,500 
      602,413 
   1,082,163 
(36,681,340)

             9,695,120 
   26,772,630 
       637,500 
       602,413 
       986,816 
(34,643,639)

        3,218,550 
(314,623)

           4,050,840 
(224,539) 

2,903,927

3,826,301  

           11,857 
                    -     

          22,070 
           -  

           11,857 

    22,070  

              204,441 
           10,213 
                    -   

                111,933 
           9,962 
            5,680  

214,654    

226,511   

127,575  

149,645   

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

   3,130,438   

   3,975,946   

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 13 May 2024 and were signed on its behalf by:   

G Desler - Director 

52

           
  
           
  
           
  
 
 
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
    
              
  
       
  
   
   
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
ValiRx Plc (Registered number: 03916791)

Company Statement of Financial Position
31 December 2023

ASSETS
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment
Right-of-use assets
Investments

CURRENT ASSETS
Trade and other receivables
Tax receivable
Cash and cash equivalents

TOTAL ASSETS

EQUITY
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Called up share capital
Share premium
Merger reserve
Share option reserve
Retained earnings

TOTAL EQUITY

LIABILITIES
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Borrowings
Lease liabilities

CURRENT LIABILITIES
Trade and other payables
Borrowings
Lease liabilities

TOTAL LIABILITIES

   Notes 

2023
 £ 

12
13
20
14

                 20,000 
                    -   
                    -   
3,615,969    

2022
 £ 

         40,000 
                  -   
            5,561 
     3,615,869   

3,635,969 

3,661,430    

   15 

16

            4,201,355 
      140,534 
      164,584   

            3,455,835 
        192,671 
     1,134,289   

   4,506,473    

    4,782,795    

      8,142,442    

8,444,225   

   17  

           9,707,266 
   27,870,548 
      637,500 
   1,082,163 
(31,803,431)

9,695,120 
   26,772,630 
        637,500 
        986,816 
(30,241,768)

7,494,046   

7,850,298   

19
20

                  11,857 
                    -     

          22,070 
           -  

          11,857   

           22,070  

18
19
20     

                626,326 
          10,213 
                    -      

             556,215 
            9,962 
            5,680  

636,539   

648,396    

571,857  

593,927   

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

   8,142,442

   8,444,225   

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 13 May 2024 and were signed on its behalf by:   

G Desler - Director 

53

           
           
  
           
  
  
  
           
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
    
              
  
              
  
   
   
  
  
ValiRx Plc

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Share capital                 
£ 

Share premium                 
£ 

Notes 

  Merger 
reserve                 
£ 

 Reserve 
acquisition 
reserve               
£ 

Balance at 1 January 2022
Changes in equity
Loss for the year
Issue of shares
Costs of shares issued 
Lapse of share options and warrants
Movement in year

       9,669,995 

       24,490,618 

     637,500 

        602,413 

                 -   
            25,125 
                -
-   
                -   

                    -   
         2,462,250 
(209,076)
            28,838 
-

    -
          -   
              -   
              -   
              -   

-
              -   
              -   
              -   
              -           

Balance at 31 December 2022

9,695,120            

26,772,630             

637,500           

602,413           

Changes in equity
Loss for the year
Issue of shares
Costs of shares issued 
Movement in year

17

                     -   
        12,146  
-   
                 -

-   
         1,323,854 
(167,525)
(58,411) 

              -   
              -
-   
              -     

-
               -
-   
                      -     

Balance at 31 December 2023

9,707,266               

27,870,548 

637,500          

602,413           

Balance at 1 January 2022
Changes in equity
Loss for the year
Issue of shares
Costs of shares issued 
Lapse of share options and warrants
Movement in year

Share based 
payment 
reserve                 
£ 

Non-            
controlling 
interest                 
£ 

  Retained 
earnings                 
£ 

Total               
£ 

         491,219 

   (184,867)

 (32,292,507)

      3,414,371 

               -   
               -   
               -   
(44,194)
     539,791        

(39,676)
                -   
                -   
                -   
              4     

(2,366,488)
                      -
-   
          15,356  
                     -      

(2,406,164)
    2,487,375 
(209,076)
                   -   
        539,795          

Balance at 31 December 2022

      986,816             

(224,539)           

(34,643,639)        

3,826,301              

Changes in equity
Loss for the year
Issue of shares
Costs of shares issued 
Movement in year

                     -   
               -   
               -   
       95,347 

(90,084)
                -   
                -   
                -    

(2,037,701)
          -   
-                      
-    

(2,127,785)
     1,336,000 
(167,525)
          36,936   

Balance at 31 December 2023

1,082,163               

(314,623) 

(36,681,340)          

2,903,927               

Reverse acquisition reserve
The reverse acquisition reserve exists as a result of the method of accounting or the acquisition 
of ValiRx Bioinnovation Limited and ValiPharma Limited. 

Details of the remaining reserves are set out on the Company Statement of Changes in Equity.

54

                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                   
                                          
 
  
                   
          
          
 
                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                             
 
                                                                                                                                                      
                           
 
                                                                                                                                                      
 
 
                                              
                                                                                                                  
         
         
          
 
                    
 
  
 
               
 
 
                    
 
  
 
               
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                      
 
                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                            
 
ValiRx Plc

Company Statement of Changes in Equity
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Balance at 1 January 2022
Changes in equity
Loss for the year
Issue of shares
Costs of shares issued 
Lapse of share options and warrants
Movement in year

Balance at 31 December 2022

Changes in equity
Loss for the year
Issue of shares
Costs of shares issued 
Movement in year

Notes 

Share capital                 
£ 

Share premium                 
£ 

  Merger 
reserve                 
£ 

        9,669,995 

        24,490,618  

  637,500 

                  -   
         25,125 
                  -   
                  -   
                  -           

                     -         
2,462,250
(209,076)             
28,838
-

            - 
-   
           -   
           -   
            -   

9,695,120            

26,772,630            

637,500          

17

                       -   
        12,146 
                -   
                  -              

                         -   
   1,323,854
  (167,525)        
(58,411) 

-   
               -
-   
              -   

Balance at 31 December 2023

9,707,266              

27,870,548     

637,500          

Balance at 1 January 2022
Changes in equity
Loss for the year
Issue of shares
Costs of shares issued 
Lapse of share options and warrants
Movement in year

Balance at 31 December 2022

Changes in equity
Loss for the year
Issue of shares
Costs of shares issued 
Movement in year

Share based 
payment 
reserve                 
£ 

  Retained 
earnings                 
£ 

Total               
£ 

       491,219 

(28,101,166)

        7,188,166 

              - 
 -   
                -   
(44,194)
      539,791        

(2,155,958)
                     -   
                     -   
             15,356 
                     -          

(2,155,958)
      2,487,375 
(209,076)
                  -   
         539,791             

      986,816              

(30,241,768)        

7,850,298                

                -   
               -
 -   
           95,347  

(1,561,663)                  
-   
    - 
-

(1,561,663)
      1,336,000 
(167,525)
         36,936          

Balance at 31 December 2023

1,082,163               

(31,803,431)

7,494,046                

Share capital
The nominal value of the issued share capital.

Share premium account
Amounts received in excess of the nominal value on the issue of share capital less any costs associated with the issue of shares.

Merger reserve
The difference between the nominal value of the share capital issued by the Company and the fair value of 
ValiRx Bioinnovation at the date of acquisition.

Share option reserve
The fair value of the share-based payment, determined at the grant date, and expensed over the vesting period.

Retained earnings
Accumulated comprehensive income for the year and prior periods.

55

                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                   
           
                    
          
        
          
          
 
                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                              
 
                                                                                                                                                      
                           
 
                                                                                                                                                      
 
                                              
                                                                                                                  
             
          
 
                    
 
  
 
               
 
                    
 
               
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                      
 
                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                            
 
ValiRx Plc

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
for the year ended 31 December 2023

Cash flows from operations

Cash outflow from operations
Interest paid
Tax credit received

   Notes 

1

2023
 £ 

2022
 £ 

   (1,961,697)
(3,325)
        192,671     

         (1,841,443)
(4,215)
          133,413    

Net cash outflow from operating activities

(1,772,351)

(1,712,245)  

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of intangible fixed assets
Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Net cash inflow from financing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Bank loan repayment
Repayment of lease liabilities
Share issue
Costs of shares issued

               (15,000)
(291,181)   

     (306,181)    

          -
         -   

-    

               (9,962)
(6,774)
     1,300,000 
(167,525)   

          (13,249)
(9,000)
       2,487,375 
(209,076)   

Net cash inflow from financing activities

     1,115,739    

2,256,050    

(Decrease)/Increase in cash and cash equivalents

        (962,793) 

   543,805

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash an cash equivalents at end of year

2

  2

        1,137,477  

593,672

  174,684 

    1,137,477 

56

  
  
           
  
  
  
           
           
  
           
  
           
           
  
           
  
  
 
    
  
  
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
for the year ended 31 December 2023

1. RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING LOSS TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS

Operating loss
Amortisation and impairment of intangible assets
Depreciation of right-of-use assets
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Increase in inventory
Increase in trade and other receivables
Increase in trade and other payables
Share-based payments charge

Net cash outflow from operations

2023
 £ 

2022
 £ 

   (2,298,539)
        200,086 
             5,561 
          48,556 
(69,002)
(13,803)
        128,508 
          36,936 

          (2,593,379)
          204,216 
              7,717 
                    -   
-
(60,886)
            61,098 
          539,791       

(1,961,697) 

(1,841,443) 

2. Cash And Cash Equivalents

The amounts disclosed on the Statement of Cash Flows in respect of cash and cash equivalents are in 
respect of these Statement of Financial Position amounts:

Cash and cash equivalents

   174,684  

           1,137,477

31 December 
2023
 £ 

1 January 
2023
 £ 

Cash and cash equivalents

   1,137,477       

 593,672

31 December 
2022
 £ 

1 January 
2022
 £ 

57

  
  
  
  
  
  
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
for the year ended 31 December 2023

1.  STATUTORY INFORMATION

  ValiRx Plc is a public company limited by shares incorporated in the United Kingdom, which is listed on the  
  AIM market of the London Stock Exchange Plc. The address of its registered office is Stonebridge House,  
  Chelmsford Road, Hatfield Heath, CM22 7BD.

The registered number of the Company is 03916791.

The principal activity of the Group is the development of oncology therapeutics and companion diagnostics.

The presentation currency of the financial statements is the Pound Sterling (£), rounded to the nearest £1.

2.  ACCOUNTING POLICIES

  Basis of preparation

The Group’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting 
Standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 as they apply to the financial 
statements of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2023. The principal accounting policies adopted 

  by the Group and by the Company are set out in note 2.

The Group financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention or fair value 

  where appropriate.

  Going concern
  As part of their going concern review the Directors have followed the guidelines published by the Financial   

Reporting Council entitled “Guidance on the Going Concern Basis of Accounting and Reporting on Solvency Risks  
- Guidance for directors of companies that do not apply the UK Corporate Governance Code”.

The Group and Parent Company are subject to a number of risks similar to those of other development stage  
  pharmaceutical companies. These risks include, amongst others, generation of revenues in due course from the  
  development portfolio and risks associated with research, development, testing and obtaining related 

regulatory approvals of its pipeline products. Ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations is dependent  
on future uncertain events which include obtaining adequate financing to fulfil the Group’s commercial and  

  development activities and generating a level of revenue adequate to support the Group’s cost structure.

The current economic environment is challenging, and the Group has reported an operating loss for the year.  
These losses are expected to continue in the current accounting year to 31 December 2024.

The Directors have prepared detailed financial forecasts and cashflows looking beyond 12 months from the  
  date of the approval of these financial statements. In developing these forecasts, the Directors have made   
  assumptions based upon their view of the current and future economic conditions that are expected to prevail  
over the forecast period. The Directors estimate that the cash of £174,684 held by the Group as at 31 December  
2023 together with cash receivable in January 2024 (see below) will be sufficient to support the current level 
of activities for at least the next 12 months. The Directors are continuing to explore sources of finance available  
to the Group and based upon initial discussions with a number of existing and potential investors they have 
  a reasonable expectation that they will be able to secure sufficient cash inflows for the Group to continue its  
  activities beyond the 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements.

The Company carries out regular fund-raising exercises in order that it can provide the necessary working 
capital for the Group. Further funds may be required to finance the Group’s work programme. The Board expects  
to continue to raise additional funding as and when required to cover the Group’s development, primarily from  
the issue of further shares.

In January 2024, the Company raised approximately £1.8m, before expenses, through the issue of new ordinary  
shares. 

In the event that additional financing is not secured when it is required, the Group would need to consider:
•  reducing and/or deferring discretionary spending on one or more research and development programmes; 
  and/or
•  restructuring operations to change its overhead structure.

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

2.  ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

  Basis of consolidation

The Group financial statements consolidate the financial statements of the Company and all its subsidiaries 
(“the Group”). Subsidiaries include all entities over which the Group has the power to govern financial and    
operating policies. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or 
convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another entity. Subsidiaries are 
consolidated from the date on which control commences until the date that control ceases. Intra-group  
  balances and any unrealised gains and losses on income or expenses arising from intra-group transactions,  
  are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

  On 3 October 2006, ValiRx Bioinnovation Limited (‘Bioinnovation’) acquired 60.28% of the issued share capital  

of ValiPharma Limited (‘ValiPharma’) in exchange for shares in Bioinnovation. Concurrently, the Company, 
(“ValiRx”), acquired the entire issued share capital of Bioinnovation in a share for share transaction. As a result  
of these transactions, the former shareholders of ValiPharma became the majority shareholders in ValiRx.  
  Accordingly, the substance of the transaction was that ValiPharma acquired ValiRx in a reverse acquisition. 
  Under IFRS 3 “Business Combinations”, the acquisition of ValiPharma has been accounted for as a reverse  

acquisition.

In May 2008 the Company acquired the remaining 39.72% of the issued share capital of ValiPharma, which 
is now wholly owned by the Group. This acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of 
accounting.

In November 2013 ValiSeek Limited was formed to enable the company to enter into a joint venture agreement.  
The company has a 55.5% holding in the issued share capital of ValiSeek.

In October 2023 the Company acquired 60% of the issued share capital of Cytolytix Limited.

Turnover
Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates,  
value added tax and other sales taxes. The Group generates revenue from the provision of research and 

  preclinical development services under contracts. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised at 
  an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group is expected to be entitled in exchange for  

transferring goods or services to a customer. Where the Group provides ongoing services, revenue in respect 
of this element is recognised over the duration of those services. 

Performance obligations for research and preclinical development services are satisfied over time as services  
  are rendered. Invoices are presented monthly. Consideration is made up of multiple elements, being an agreed  
full-time equivalent (‘FTE’) charge out rate and recharges of direct costs, both of which are variable based on  
the amount of time and cost incurred. Revenue is recognised over the duration of the contract based on the  

  delivery of FTE services and actual incurrence of rechargeable costs.

  Goodwill
  Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries represents the excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of 
the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets and contingent liabilities acquired. Identifiable assets are  
those which can be sold separately, or which arise from legal rights regardless of whether those rights are 
separable. Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries is included in intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortised  
  but is tested annually, or when trigger events occur, for impairment and is carried at cost less accumulated    

impairment losses.

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

2.  ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

  Other intangible assets
  Acquired licences, trademarks and patents and directly associated costs are capitalised at cost and are 
  amortised on a straight-line basis over their useful life. Patents are amortised over 11 years and licences 
  between 10 and 20 years.

Impairment of non-current assets

  At each reporting date, the Directors review the carrying amounts of property, plant and equipment assets, 
  goodwill and other intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have  
suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated 
in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where the asset does not generate cash 
flows that are independent from other assets, the Directors estimate the recoverable amount of the 
cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to  
sell and value in use.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a 
  pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks 

specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. If the recoverable   
  amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying    
  amount of the asset (cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is 

recognised as an expense immediately.

Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less depreciation.

  Depreciation is provided at the following rates per annum to write off the cost of property, plant and 

equipment, less estimated residual value, on a straight-line basis from the date on which they are brought 
into use:

Plant and machinery   
  Computer equipment   

33% per annum straight line
33% per annum straight line

Leases and right-of-use assets
The Group assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of the contract. The Group 
recognises a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability with respect to all lease arrangements in  
  which it is the lessee, except for short-term leases (leases with a lease term of 12 months or less) and leases 
of low value assets (e.g. tablets and personal computers, small items of office furniture). For these leases, 
the Group recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of 
the lease. 

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the 
commencement date, discounted by using the rate implicit in the lease. If this rate cannot be readily 

  determined, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is subsequently measured by    
increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability (using the effective interest method) 

  and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made. 

The right-of-use assets comprise the initial measurement of the corresponding lease liability, lease payments  

  made at or before the commencement day, less any lease incentives received, initial direct costs and the 

estimated costs of removing or dismantling the underlying asset per the conditions of the contract. They are  
subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Right-of-use assets are  

  depreciated over the shorter period of lease term and useful life of the right-of-use asset. 

Investments
Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost less any provisions for impairment. An impairment is recognised  

  when the recoverable amount of the investment is less than the carrying amount. 

Investments are presented in Valirx Plc company figures, not in the consolidated financial statements.

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

2.  ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Financial assets
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following categories:

- financial assets at fair value through profit or loss;
- loans and receivables;
- held-to-maturity investments; and
- available-for-sale financial assets.

  Management determines the classification of its investments at initial recognition.

Loans and receivables
These assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in  
  an active market. The principal financial assets of the Company are loans and receivables. They are included 
in current assets, except for maturities greater than twelve months after the balance sheet date. These are    
classified as non-current assets.

The Group’s loans and receivables are recognised and carried at the lower of their original amount less a 

  provision for impairment. A provision is made when collection of the full amount is no longer considered 

possible.

The Group’s loans and receivables comprise trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents. 

  Cash and cash equivalents
  Cash and cash equivalents include cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with an original 
  maturity of three months or less. The Company considers overdrafts (repayable on demand) to be an integral  
  part of its cash management activities and these are included in cash and cash equivalents for the purposes 

of the cash flow statement.

  Derivative financial instruments
  Derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract 
is entered into and are subsequently carried at fair value with the changes in fair value recognised 
in the Income Statement.

Financial liabilities
The Group does not have any financial liabilities that would be classified as fair value through the profit or loss.  
Therefore, all financial liabilities are classified as other financial liabilities.

The Group’s financial liabilities include borrowings, trade and other payables and are recognised at their 
original amount.

Finance income and finance costs
Finance income is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and 
the amount of income can be measured reliably. It is accrued on a time basis by reference to the principal 
outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable.

Borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

2.  ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Taxation
The taxation charge represents the sum of current tax and deferred tax.

The tax currently payable is based on the taxable profit for the period using the tax rates that have been 
enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date. Taxable profit differs from the net profit as 
reported in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or 

  deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible.

  Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax   
  bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the Group financial statements. Deferred tax is   
  determined using tax rates that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date and 
  are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised of the deferred tax liability 

is settled.

  Deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be 
  available against which the asset can be utilised.

  Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it relates to items charged or 

credited to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity.

Research and development
Expenditure on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred.

  All on-going development expenditure is currently expensed in the period in which it is incurred. Due to the 

regulatory and other uncertainties inherent in the development of the Group’s programmes, the criteria for    

  development costs to be recognised as an asset, as prescribed by IAS 38, ‘Intangible assets’, are not met 
until  the product has been submitted for regulatory approval, such approval has been received and it is 
  probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Group. The Group does not currently have any such    

internal development costs that qualify for capitalisation as intangible assets.

  Development costs are capitalised when the related products meet the recognition criteria of an internally 
  generated intangible asset, the key criteria being as follows:

- technical feasibility of the completed intangible asset has been established;
- it can be demonstrated that the asset will generate probable future economic benefits;
- adequate technical, financial and other resources are available to complete the development;
- the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset can be reliably measured; and
- the Group has the ability and intention to use or sell the asset.

Expenses for research and development include associated wages and salaries, material costs, depreciation  
on non-current assets and directly attributable overheads.

  All research and development costs, whether funded by third parties under licence and development 
  agreements or not, are included within operating expenses and classified as such.

Share capital
Financial instruments issued by the Group are treated as equity only to the extent that they do not meet 
the definition of a financial liability. The Group’s ordinary and deferred shares are classified as 
equity instruments.

62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

2.  ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Foreign currencies
Items included in the Financial Statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic 
environment in which the Company and its subsidiaries operate (the functional currency) which is 

  UK sterling (£). The Financial Statements are accordingly presented in UK sterling.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing 
  at the dates of the transactions or at an average rate for a period if the rates do not fluctuate significantly.   

Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation  

  at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are 

recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive income. Non-monetary items that are measured 
in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.

Share-based payments
IFRS 2 “Share-based Payments” requires that an expense for equity instruments granted is recognised in the  
financial statements based on their fair values at the date of the grant. This expense, which is in relation to   
employee share options, is recognised over the vesting period of the scheme. The fair value of employee 
services is determined by reference to the fair value of the awarded grant calculated using the 
Black Scholes model.

  At the year-end date, the Group revises its estimate of the number of share incentives that are expected to 

vest. The impact of the revisions of original estimates, if any, is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive  
Income, with a corresponding adjustment to equity, over the remaining vesting period.

  When options expire or are cancelled the expensed value of these lapsed options is transferred from the 

share-based payment, reserve to retained earnings.

  New and amended standards and interpretations
  As at the date of approval of these financial statements, the following standards were in issue but not yet    

effective. These standards have not been adopted early by the Company as they are not expected to have 

  a material impact on the financial statements other than requiring additional disclosure or alternative 

presentation.

General requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related 
Financial Information

Climate-related Disclosures

Effective date (period 
beginning on or after)

01/01/2024

01/01/2024

Amendment - Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current 

01/01/2024

Amendment - Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback

Amendment - Non-current Liabilities with Covenants

IAS 7, IFRS 7

Amendment - Supplier Finance Arrangements

IAS 21

Amendment - Lack of Exchangeability

01/01/2024

01/01/2024

01/01/2024

01/01/2025

SASB Standards

Amendment - To enhance SASB standards international applicability

01/01/2025

The International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee has also issued interpretations 
which the Company does not consider will have a significant impact on the financial statements.

63

IFRS S1

IFRS S2

IAS 1

IFRS 16

IAS 1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

3.  CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of estimates and 

  assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements  
  and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although these estimates 
  are based on management’s best knowledge of the amounts, events or actions, actual results ultimately may  
  differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.    
Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised. The material  

  areas in which estimates, and judgements are applied as follows:

  Goodwill and other intangible assets impairment

The Group is required to test, on an annual basis, whether goodwill and other intangible assets have suffered  

  any impairment. Determining whether there has been any impairment requires an estimation of the value in 
use of the cash-generating units. The value in use calculation requires the Directors to estimate the future 
cash flows expected to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate  
the present value.

Share-based payments
The estimates of share-based payments costs require that management selects an appropriate valuation 
  model and makes decisions on various inputs into the model, including the volatility of its own share price, 

the probable life of the options before exercise, and behavioural consideration of employees. A significant    
element of judgement is therefore involved in the calculation of the charge.

  Capitalisation of development costs
  Capitalisation of development costs requires analysis of the technical feasibility and commercial viability of 

the project concerned. Capitalisation of the costs will be made only where there is evidence that an economic  
  benefit will accrue to the Group. To date no development costs have been capitalised and all costs have been  

expensed in the income statement as Research and Development costs.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

  When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the statement of financial position
cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation 
techniques including the Black-Scholes model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets  

  where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values.   

Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in 

  assumptions relating to these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. 

See Note 26 for further disclosures.

4.  REVENUE

Segmental reporting
The Directors are of the opinion that under IFRS 8 - “operating segment” there are no identifiable business 
segments that are subject to risks and returns different to the core business of drug development. 
The information reported to the Directors, for the purposes of resource allocation and assessment of 

  performance is based wholly on the overall activities of the Group. Therefore, the Directors have determined  

that there is only one reportable segment under IFRS8.

The geographic information analyses the Group’s revenue and non-current assets by the company’s country  
of domicile and all other countries. In presenting the geographic information, segment revenue has been 

  based on the geographic location of customers and segment assets based on the geographic location of 
the assets. All revenue and assets are based in the UK (2022: UK). The Group has one customer (2022: nil).

  Analysis of revenue:

Research and predevelopment clinical services

2023 
£

9,600   

2022 
£ 

          - 

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

5.  EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS

  Number of employees:

The average monthly number of employees, including Directors, during the year was:

2023
 Number  

   5
11    

16  

2023
 £  

2022
Number 

          6
2  

8

2022
£ 

                734,022 
          60,957 
          63,792 
          36,936          

              496,925 
          52,169 
          18,624 
          10,932

        895,707    

578,650   

2023
 £  

2022
£ 

                        686 
          1,094 
               58 
          2,581           

                    950 
           1,241 
           3,265 
                 -      

                     4,419     

          5,456   

2023
 £  

2022
£ 

               383,362 
        200,086 
            5,561 
          48,556 
          41,000 
               829 
          36,936          

     551,233 
        204,216 
            7,717 
                    -   
          32,000 
(1,533)
        539,791 

  Directors
Staff

Employment costs

  Wages and salaries
Social security costs
  Other pension costs

Share-based payments

  Details of Directors’ remuneration can be found in note 25.

6.  FINANCE COSTS

Bank interest 
Lease interest 
Interest on overdue tax 
  Other interest payable 

7.  LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX

  After charging:

Research and development

  Amortisation of intangible assets
  Depreciation of right-of-use assets
  Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
  Auditors remuneration

Foreign exchange differences
Share-based payment charge

65

 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

8.  INCOME TAX

  Domestic current year tax

2023
 £  

2022
£ 

Tax credits on research and development - current year

(175,173)

(192,671)

  Current tax credit

(175,173) 

(192,671)

Factors affecting the tax charge for the year:

Loss before income tax

 (2,302,958) 

(2,598,835)

Loss before income tax multiplied by effective rate of   

  UK corporation tax of 19.00% (2021: 19.00%)

(575,740)

(493,779)

Effects of

  Non-deductible expenses
  Capital allowances for the year in deficit of depreciation and amortisation

Tax losses not utilised
Research and development expenditure

  Current tax charge

10,072          
       (54,110)      
443,952
653        

700 
          5,250 
      378,062 
(82,904)

     400,567          

 301,108           

(175,173) 

(192,671)

  No corporation tax arises on the results for the year ended 31 December 2023 due to the losses incurred 

for tax purposes.

  With effect from 1 April 2023, the main UK corporation rate changed from 19% to 25%.

The deferred tax asset, arising from tax losses of £26.0 million (2022: £24.0 million) carried forward, 
has not been recognised as the Group does not anticipate sufficient taxable profits in the foreseeable  
future to fully utilise them. The losses would become recoverable against future trading profits, 
subject to agreement with HM Revenue and Customs.

9.  LOSS OF PARENT COMPANY

  As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the statement of comprehensive income of the 

Parent Company is not presented as part of these financial statements.  The Parent Company’s loss for 
the financial year was £1,561,663 (2022: £2,155,958). 

66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

10.LOSS PER SHARE

The loss and number of shares used in the calculation of loss per ordinary share are set out below:

Loss for the financial period

  Non-controlling interest

2023
 £  

2022
£ 

(2,127,785)            
90,084        

         (2,406,164)
             39,676   

Loss attributable to owners of Parent Company

(2,037,701)

(2,366,488) 

  Basic:

  Weighted average number of shares

Loss per share

     101,570,021 
(2.01p)      

   77,301,896 
(3.06p)

The loss and the weighted average number of shares used for calculating the diluted loss per share 

  are identical to those for the basic loss per share. The outstanding share options and share warrants 
(note 24) would have the effect of reducing the loss per share and would therefore not be dilutive 
under IAS 33 ‘Earnings per Share’

11.  GOODWILL

  Group

  COST
  At 1 January 2022 

  At 31 December 2022

  At 31 December 2023

  Net book value 

  At 31 December 2023

  At 31 December 2022

£ 

1,602,522

1,602,52

1,602,522

1,602,522

1,602,522  

The goodwill arising on the acquisitions of ValiRx Bioinnovation Limited, ValiPharma Limited, Valisrc Limited  

  and ValiSeek Limited is not being amortised but is reviewed on an annual basis for impairment, or more 

frequently if there are indications that goodwill might be impaired. The impairment review comprises a 
comparison of the carrying amount of the goodwill with its recoverable amount (the higher of fair value 
less costs to sell and value in use). ValiRx Plc has used the value in use method, applying a 15% discount rate.

  Goodwill per cash generating unit

  ValiPharma Limited
  ValiRx Bioinnovation Limited
  Valisrc Limited
  ValiSeek Limited

£ 

    772,230 
    394,613 
        -   
    435,679  

Sensitivity analysis is not required as a reasonably possible change in assumptions  

  would not result in an impairment.

67

 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

12. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

  Group

  COST

Patents 
 £  

Brands and 
licences 
 £  

Total 
 £  

  At 1 January 2022

2,289,553  

               375,000        

2,664,553 

  At 31 December 2022
  Additions

        2,289,553 
15,000  

        375,000
-      

         2,664,553 
          15,000 

  At 31 December 2023

    2,304,553    

            375,000   

    2,679,553    

  AMORTISATION

  At 1 January 2022
  Amortisation for year

  At 31 December 2022
  Amortisation for year

1,338,313 
        174,215 

               218,124 
          30,001       

             1,556,437 
        204,216 

             1,512,528 
        166,086        

                248,125 
          34,000          

            1,760,653 
        200,086        

  At 31 December 2023

     1,678,614       

                282,125    

    1,960,739       

  NET BOOK VALUE

  At 31 December 2023

          625,939

         92,875 

          718,814            

  At 31 December 2022

            777,025     

           126,875       

            903,900     

  Company

  COST

  At 1 January 2022
  At 31 December 2022 

31 December 2023

  AMORTISATION
  At 1 January 2022
  Amortisation for year

  At 31 December 2022
  Amortisation for year

  At 31 December 2023

  NET BOOK VALUE

  At 31 December 2023

  At 31 December 2022

Brands and 
licences 
 £  

Total  
 £  

200,000
200,000 

      200,000
200,000

  200,000 

  200,000 

 140,000 
         20,000       

 140,000 
         20,000       

            160,000 
         20,000   

            160,000 
         20,000   

180,000

180,000

          20,000           

          20,000           

           40,000     

            40,000 

68

 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
      
  
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
 
  
  
  
  
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

13. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

  Group

  COST

  At 1 January 2022 

  At 31 December 2022 
  Additions

  At 31 December 2023

  DEPRECIATION

  At 1 January 2022

  At 31 December 2022
  Charge for the year

  At 31 December 2023

  NET BOOK VALUE

  At 31 December 2023

  At 31 December 2022

  Company

  COST

  At 1 January 2022 

  AT 31 December 2022

  At 31 December 2023

  DEPRECIATION

  At 1 January 2022

  At 31 December 2022 

  At 31 December 2023

  NET BOOK VALUE

  At 31 December 2023

  At 31 December 2022

Plant and 
machinery  
 £  

Total  
 £  

  31,670

   31,670

31,670 
       291,181 

31,670 
       291,181 

322,851 

322,851 

  31,670

  31,670

31,670 
         48,556  

31,670 
         48,556  

80,226

80,226

      242,625            

           242,625            

            -     

- 

Plant and 
machinery  
 £  

  31,670

31,670 

31,670 

  31,670

31,670 

Total  
 £  

  31,670

31,670 

31,670 

  31,670

31,670 

          31,670 

          31,670 

     -

           -            

            -     

- 

69

   
  
   
  
   
  
   
  
 
      
      
 
      
      
 
 
  
      
  
      
 
  
      
  
      
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

14.INVESTMENTS

  Company

  COST

  At 1 January 2022
  Additions

  At 31 December 2022
  Additions
  Disposals

  At 31 December 2023

PROVISIONS

  At 1 January 2022 

  At 31 December 2022
  Written back on disposals

  At 31 December 2023

  NET BOOK VALUE

  At 31 December 2022

  At 31 December 2021

Shares in group 
undertakings   
 £  

Total    
 £  

  3,617,838 
6

  3,617,838 
6

      3,617,844 
100
(1,975) 

      3,617,844 
100
(1,975) 

3,615,969 

3,615,969 

1,975                   

               1,975                   

        1,975
(1,975)            

        1,975            
(1,975)

            -               

            -               

3,615,969             

3,615,969             

     3,615,869        

    3,615,869        

The Company’s investments at the Statement of Financial Position date in the share capital of  
companies include the following:

Subsidiaries

  ValiRx Bioinnovation Limited

Registered office: England & Wales

  Nature of business: Intermediate holding company
  Class of shares:
  Ordinary shares

  ValiPharma Limited

Registered office: England & Wales

  Nature of business: Therapeutic research & development
  Class of shares:
  Ordinary shares

60.28% is owned by ValiRx Bioinnovation Limited and 39.72% by the Company.

  Valisrc Limited

Registered office: England & Wales

  Nature of business: Dormant
  Class of shares:
  Ordinary shares

% Holding   

100.00     

% Holding   

100.00          

% Holding   

100.00          

70

 
      
      
 
  
  
 
 
   
  
   
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

14.INVESTMENTS - continued

Subsidiaries

  ValiSeek Limited

Registered office: England & Wales

  Nature of business: Therapeutic research & development
  Class of shares:
  Ordinary shares

  ValiGenx Limited

Registered office: England & Wales

  Nature of business: Dormant
  Class of shares:
  Ordinary shares

  Cytolytix Limited

Registered office: England & Wales

  Nature of business: Therapeutic research & development
  Class of shares:
  Ordinary shares

Inaphaea Biolab Limited
Registered office: England & Wales

  Nature of business: Pharmaceutical Services 
  Class of shares:
  Ordinary shares

% Holding   

55.55     

% Holding   

100.00     

% Holding   

60.00     

% Holding   

100.00     

  Valirx Plc has given a guarantee under Section 479 of the Companies Act 2006 for each of its subsidiary  
 undertakings listed above for all their liabilities as at 31 December 2023. These subsidiary undertakings  

  are therefore exempt from the requirement of audit of their individual accounts under Section 479A 

of the Companies Act 2006.

15. TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

GROUP

COMPANY

  Current

 2023 
 £  

 2022
 £  

 2023 
 £  

 2022
 £  

  Amounts owed by Group undertakings
  Other debtors
Rent deposit

  VAT

Prepayments and accrued income

                          -   
       19,985 
                 -   
       48,568 
       79,065        

             -              
          14,709 
            1,500 
          56,087 
          61,519          

       4,046,112 
        19,907 
                 -   
        57,492 
        77,844         

3,286,875 
          50,315 
           1,500 
          55,626 
          61,519          

   147,618    

 133,815      

      4,201,355      

 3,455,835      

In the Directors’ opinion, the carrying amounts of receivables is considered a reasonable approximation 
of fair value.

71

  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

16. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

GROUP

COMPANY

2023 
 £  

2022 
 £  

2023 
 £  

2023 
 £  

Bank accounts

      174,684           

     1,137,477

       164,584 

   1,134,289         

17. CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL

GROUP

COMPANY

  Allotted, called up and fully paid
  Ordinary shares of 0.1p each
  Deferred shares of 5.0p each
  Deferred shares of 0.9p each
  Deferred shares of 12.4p each

2023
 Number  

 2022
 Number  

 2023 
 £  

 2022 
 £  

102,319,610 
  58,378,365 
157,945,030 
  42,455,832            

90,174,156 
    58,378,365 
  157,945,030 
    42,455,832           

102,320 
 2,918,918 
 1,421,505 
 5,264,523  

             90,174 
  2,918,918 
  1,421,505 
  5,264,523            

       9,707,266       

  9,695,120       

In February 2023, the Company raised £1.30 million, before expenses, through the issue of 11,818,181 new ordinary 
shares at a price of 11 pence per share. The funds were to be used to provide working capital for the Group.

In February 2023, the Company settled existing liabilities amounting to £36,000 through the issue of 327,273 
new shares at a price of 11 pence per share.

The deferred shares have no rights to vote, attend or speak at general meetings of the Company or to receive 
any dividend or other distribution and have limited rights to participate in any return of capital on a 
winding-up or liquidation of the Company.

18. TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

GROUP

COMPANY

  Current

 2023 
 £  

 2022
 £  

 2023 
 £  

 2022
 £  

Trade creditors

  Amounts owed to Group undertakings

Social security and other taxes

  Other payables
  Accruals and deferred income

           124,637 
                 -   
       23,095 
         2,879 
       53,830   

            24,955 
                  -   
          17,603 
          2,905 
          66,470            

        113,911 
      447,187 
       17,058 
                 -   
       48,170           

    24,955 
        447,187 
        17,603 
                  -   
       66,470    

   204,441     

 111,933        

      626,326      

     556,215      

In the Directors’ opinion, the carrying amounts of payables is considered a reasonable approximation of 
fair value.

72

 
 
 
    
  
  
  
    
  
              
    
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

19. FINANCIAL LIABILITIES - BORROWINGS 

GROUP

COMPANY

  Current:

Bank loan

  Non-current: 

Bank loan: 
1-2 years 
2-5 years

Total bank loan

  Current
  Non-current

2023 
 £  

2022 
 £  

2023 
 £  

               10,213      

           9,962   

         10,213 

2022 
 £  

9,962             

     10,213 

9,962    

      10,213    

     9,962     

GROUP

COMPANY

2023 
 £  

2022 
 £  

2023 
 £  

2022 
 £  

10,472 
         1,385          

10,213 
         11,857     

10,472 
         1,385          

10,213 
         11,857     

     11,857      

22,070        

     11,857      

22,070        

GROUP

COMPANY

 2023 
 £  

 2022
 £  

 2023 
 £  

 2022
 £  

   10,213 
       11,857    

          9,962 
         22,070                

 10,213 
       11,857    

        9,962 
         22,070                

    22,070    

 32,032           

    22,070    

 32,032           

73

  
  
  
  
 
 
                         
  
                              
  
                                    
  
                                       
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

20.LEASES

Right-of-use assets 
  Group and Company

  COST

  At 1 January 2022

  At 31 December 2022

  At 31 December 2023

  AMORTISATION

  At 1 January 2022
  Amortisation for year

  At 31 December 2022
  Amortisation for year

  At 31 December 2023

  NET BOOK VALUE

  At 31 December 2023

  At 31 December 2022

Lease liabilities
  Group and Company

Set out below is the movement in lease liabilities during the period.

  At 1 January 2022
Interest expense
Repayments

  At 31 December 2022
Interest expense
Repayments

  At 31 December 2023

74

Leasehold 
property   
 £    

Total    
 £  

            23,152

  23,152

      23,152

      23,152

23,152

23,152

            9,874 
            7,717                    

            9,874 
            7,717                    

                  17,591 
            5,561            

                  17,591 
            5,561            

            23,152                

            23,152                

 -             

 -             

           5,561       

           5,561       

                   13,439 
             1,241 
(9,000)

                   5,680 
             1,094 
(6,774) 

          -   

 
   
  
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
      
      
 
  
  
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

20.LEASES - continued

  Group and Company
  Group and Company

  Current
  Non-current

2023   
 £  

          -
- 

2022   
 £  

          5,680  
          -

          -  

          5,680  

21. OTHER FINANCIAL COMMITMENTS

  As a result of the adoption of IFRS 16, from 1 July 2019, all leases, except those classified as either 

low-value assets or short-term, have been recognised on the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset 

  and lease liability and are no longer included in this non-cancellable operating lease disclosure.

  At the year end, neither the Group nor the Company had any non-cancellable operating leases.

22.RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES

  During the year the Director, G Desler, provided the Company and its subsidiaries with bookkeeping 

services totalling £nil (2022: £18,450).

  At the year end, the amounts owed to Directors were as follows:

  G Desler
  Dr S Dilly 
  M Lampshire 
  Dr K Cox
S Panu

 2023 
 £   

 2022 
 £   

                          52 
            2,879 
-
                   -   
-   

     26   
             2,879 
- 
                    -   
-   

23. ULTIMATE CONTROLLING PARTY

The Directors consider that there is no ultimate controlling party.

75

 
 
      
 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

24.SHARE-BASED PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS 

Share option

  At 31 December 2023 outstanding awards to subscribe for ordinary shares of 0.1p each in the Company, 
  granted in accordance with the rules of the ValiRx share option schemes, were as follows:

2022

Number of 
shares  

Weighted average 
remaining contractual 
life (years)  

Brought forward

  Granted during the year
Lapsed during the year

                 73,764 
        3,000,000 
(4,400)

           5.60 

Weighted average     
exercise price (pence)  

                      1,316.50 
            12.00 
          500.00             

  Carried forward

 3,069,364       

 9.58     

    42.71         

2023

Number of 
shares  

Weighted average 
remaining contractual 
life (years)  

Weighted average 
exercise price (pence)  

Brought forward

          3,069,364  

           9.58      

                             42.71             

  Carried forward

 3,069,364       

 8.58   

    42.71        

All options were exercisable at the year end, with the following exceptions. No options were exercised during the year.

Option 6: Vest only after the Company’s share price has maintained a 20-day VWAP (Volume Weight Average Price) of 25p.

Options 7 and 9: Vest only after the Company’s share price has maintained a 20-day VWAP of 30p.

Options 8 and 10: Vest only after the Company’s share price has maintained a 20-day VWAP of 40p.

If the price does not reach these price targets by 6 September 2024, the options will lapse. If they meet the criteria, the 
options can be exercised at any date to 6 September 2032.

The following share-based payment arrangements were in existence at the balance sheet date.

  Options

1  Granted 19 January 2014
2  Granted 21 October 2014
3  Granted 26 June 2015
4  Granted 9 February 2018
5  Granted 6 September 2022
6  Granted 6 September 2022
7  Granted 6 September 2022
8  Granted 6 September 2022
9  Granted 11 October 2022
10  Granted 11 October 2022

Number   

          3,392 
          4,032 
          3,940 
        58,000 
      500,000 
      375,000 
      800,000 
   1,175,000 
        75,000 
        75,000       

Expiry 
date   

 Exercise 
price   

 Fair value at 
grant date   

    19/01/2024
21/10/2024
26/06/2025
09/02/2028
06/09/2032
06/09/2032
06/09/2032
06/09/2032
11/10/2032
11/10/2032   

    5,391.25p
5,625.00p
6,375.00p
500.00p
12.00p
12.00p
12.00p
12.00p
12.00p
12.00p   

        625.00p
468.75p
505.00p
348.75p
10.74p
7.38p
5.37p
0.61p
6.15p
0.77p   

76

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
         
         
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

24.SHARE-BASED PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS - continued 

The fair value of the remaining share options has been calculated using the Black-Scholes model. The assumptions 
used  in the calculation of the fair value of the share options outstanding during the year are as follows:

  Options

Grant date 
share price    

Exercise 
price    

Expected 
volatility         

1  Granted 19 January 2014
2  Granted 21 October 2014
3  Granted 26 June 2015
4  Granted 9 February 2018
5  Granted 6 September 2022
6  Granted 6 September 2022
7  Granted 6 September 2022
8  Granted 6 September 2022
9  Granted 11 October 2022
10 Granted 11 October 2022

5,391.25p
5,625.00p
6,312.50p
500.00p
13.75p
13.75p
13.75p
13.75p
15.75p
15.75p

5,391.25p
5,625.00p
6,375.00p
500.00p
12.00p
12.00p
12.00p
12.00p
12.00p
12.00p

     17.00%
17.00%
16.00%
196.00%
234.47%
234.47%
234.47%
234.47%
234.75%
234.75%

  Expected 
option life 
(years)        

           3.00 
           3.00 
           3.00 
           3.00 
           2.00 
           2.00 
           2.00 
           2.00 
           2.00 
           2.00     

Risk-free 
interest rate    

        0.99%
1.00%
0.38%
0.88%
3.11%
3.11%
3.11%
3.11%
4.64%
4.64%   

The fair value has been calculated assuming that there will be no dividend yield.
 Volatility was determined by reference to the standard deviation of expected share price returns based on a statistical  
analysis of daily share prices over a 3-year period to grant date. All of the above options are equity settled.

All of the share options are equity settled and the charge for the year is £36,936 (2022: £66,725).

  Warrants
  At 31 December 2023 outstanding warrants to subscribe for ordinary shares of 0.1p each in the 
  Company, granted in accordance with the warrant instruments issued by ValiRx, were as follows.

2022

Number of 
shares  

Weighted average 
remaining contractual 
life (years)  

Weighted average      
exercise price (pence)  

Brought forward
Lapsed during the year

             3,969,615 
(66,666)

                        4.57 

                                22.89 
            75.00 

  Carried forward

 3,902,949      

 4.57    

    22.00     

2023

Number of 
shares  

Weighted average 
remaining contractual 
life (years)  

Weighted average      
exercise price (pence)  

Brought forward

  Granted during the year

           3,902,949 
       3,745,454 

                         4.57 

                               22.00 
         13.43

  Carried forward

7,648,403       

 2.38  

   17.80     

All warrants were exercisable at the year end.

The following warrants were in existence at the balance sheet date.

77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
         
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
           
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

24.SHARE-BASED PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS - continued

The following warrants were in existence at the balance sheet date.

  Warrants

Number   

Expiry 
date   

 Exercise 
price   

 Fair value at 
grant date   

1  Granted 25 August 2021
2  Granted 6 February 2023
3  Granted 6 February 2023
4  Granted 6 February 2023

       3,902,949 
    2,954,545 
         81,818 
       709,091     

24/08/2026
06/02/2026
06/02/2026
06/02/2026   

    22.00p
14.00p
14.00p
11.00p

16.85p
N/A
7.34p
7.39p   

The fair value of the remaining warrants has been calculated using the Black-Scholes model. The assumptions used  
in the calculation of the fair value of the share options outstanding during the year are as follows:

  Warrants

Grant date 
share price    

Exercise 
price    

Expected 
volatility         

  Expected 
warrant 
life (years)        

Risk-free 
interest rate    

1  Granted 25 August 2021
2  Granted 6 February 2023
3  Granted 6 February 2023
4  Granted 6 February 2023

21.25p
10.10p
10.10p
10.10p

22.00p
14.00p
14.00p
11.00p

521.50%
                 -   
225.50%
225.50%

           3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00    

0.33%
                  -   
3.21%
3.21%   

The fair value has been calculated assuming that there will be no dividend yield.

Volatility was determined by reference to the standard deviation of expected share price returns based on a 
statistical analysis of daily share prices over a 3-year period to grant date.

All of the warrants are equity settled and the charge for the year is £58,411 (2022: £473,066). As the warrants 
relating to the charge were all in consideration of shares issued during the year, the charge has been taken directly  
to equity and charged against the share premium as costs in respect of the issue of shares.

  Warrants 2 fall outside the scope of IFRS as they were issued to shareholders during the new share issue in 

February 2023, and as such no charge has been made in respect of these warrants.

78

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

25.KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL COMPENSATION 

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, 

  directing and controlling activities of the Group, and are all Directors of the Company

Salaries and other short-term employee benefits
Post-employment benefits
Share-based payments

 2023 
 £  

 2022
 £  

          318,454 
            9,600 
          21,630           

           319,420 
            9,600 
            6,858                 

       349,684        

  335,878       

  G Desler
  Dr S Dilly 
  M Lampshire
  Dr K Cox

S Panu (appointed 11/10/22)
K Alexander (resigned 30/06/22)

l

e
m
p
o
y
m
e
n
t

b
e
n
e
fi
t
s

P
o
s
t
-

 £  

p
a
y
m
e
n
t

b
a
s
e
d

S
h
a
r
e
-

 £  

Salary 
 £  

 2023 
 £  

2022 
 £  

    66,450 
145,000 
      26,750 
      48,150 
      32,104 
              -       

                -   
       9,600 
                -
-   
                -   
-   

        2,662 
7,985 
  1,996 
   6,654 
 2,333 
                -      

     69,112 
  162,585 
    28,746 
    54,804 
    34,437 
             -         

    53,873 
    163,469 
      30,855 
64,683 
      10,186 
      12,812 

318,454      

9,600      

21,630        

349,684    

335,878       

Details of fees paid to Directors are shown in note 22 above.

The number of Directors for whom retirement benefits are accruing under money purchase pension schemes 
amounted to 1 (2022: 1).

79

 
 
 
 
     
  
   
  
 
 
 
   
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

25.KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL COMPENSATION - continued 

The Directors interests in share options as at 31 December 2023 are as follows:

Number of 
options  

Exercise 
price     

 Date of 
grant    

First date of 
exercise   

Final date of 
exercise   

  G Desler
  G Desler
  G Desler
  G Desler
  G Desler
  G Desler

  Dr S Dilly
  Dr S Dilly
  Dr S Dilly
  Dr S Dilly 
  Dr S Dilly

              1,408 
             1,408 
             1,518 
           24,000 
   100,000 
     100,000 

        228,334   

                 512 
           240 
         4,000 
        300,000 
        300,000 

       604,752    

5,390.63p
5,625.00p
6,375.00p
500.00p
12.00p
12.00p  

   19/01/2014
21/10/2014
26/06/2015
07/02/2018
06/09/2022
06/09/2022  

   19/01/2014
21/10/2014
26/06/2015
07/02/2018
Note 1
Note 2  

   19/01/2024
21/10/2024
25/06/2025
07/02/2028
06/09/2032
06/09/2032  

  5,625.00p
6,375.00p
500.00p
12.00p
12.00p

   21/10/2014
07/02/2018
07/02/2018
06/09/2022
06/09/2022 

21/10/2014
07/02/2018
07/02/2018
Note 1
Note 2

   21/10/2024
07/02/2028
07/02/2028
06/09/2032
06/09/2032

  Dr K Cox
  Dr K Cox

250,000 
        250,000  

12.00p
12.00p 

06/09/2022
06/09/2022 

Note 1
Note 2 

06/09/2032
06/09/2032

       500,000    

  M Lampshire
  M Lampshire

75,000 
        75,000  

12.00p
12.00p 

06/09/2022
06/09/2022 

Note 1
Note 2 

06/09/2032
06/09/2032 

       150,000    

S Panu
S Panu

75,000 
        75,000  

12.00p
12.00p 

11/10/2022
11/10/2022 

Note 1
Note 2 

11/10/2032
11/10/2032 

       150,000    

Note 1: Vest only after the Company’s share price has maintained a 20-day VWAP (Volume Weight Average Price) of 30p.

Note 2: Vest only after the Company’s share price has maintained a 20-day VWAP of 40p.

If the price does not reach these price targets by 6 September 2024, the options will lapse. If they meet the criteria, the options 
can be exercised at any date to 6 September 2032.

80

 
 
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
         
  
           
  
           
  
           
  
           
  
         
  
           
  
           
  
           
  
           
  
 
 
         
  
           
  
           
  
           
  
           
  
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

26.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The principal financial instruments used by the Group, from which financial instrument risk arises are 

  as follows:

- derivative financial assets;
- trade and other receivables;
- cash and cash equivalents; and
- trade and other payables.

The main purpose of these financial instruments is to finance the Group’s operations.

Financial assets

Loans and receivables
Trade and other receivables
  Cash and cash equivalents

 2023
 £  

 2022
 £  

147,618 
        174,684   

133,815 
     1,137,477    

Total loans and receivables

               322,302         

 1,271,292           

Total financial assets

   322,302       

   1,271,292        

Financial liabilities

Trade and other payables
  Cash and cash equivalents

Lease liabilities

Total financial liabilities

 2023 
 £  

 2022
 £  

            181,346 
          22,070 
                   -       

                 94,330 
           32,032 
             5,680      

 203,416           

 132,042           

81

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                      
    
  
                                      
    
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
ValiRx Plc

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
for the year ended 31 December 2023

26.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - continued

The Directors consider that the carrying value for each class of financial asset and liability, approximates to  
their fair value.

Financial risk management
The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of risks, including market risk (foreign currency risk and  
interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group manages these risks through an effective risk 

  management programme, and, through this programme, the Board seeks to minimise potential adverse effects  

on the Group’s financial performance.

The Board provides written objectives, policies and procedures with regards to managing currency and 
interest risk exposures, liquidity and credit risk including guidance on the use of certain derivative and  
non-derivative financial instruments.

  Credit risk
  Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument 
fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its receivables 
  and its cash deposits. It is Group policy to assess the credit risk of new customers before entering contracts. 

The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit ratings 

  assigned by international credit-rating agencies. The maximum exposure is the asset recognised.

Liquidity risk and interest rate risk
Liquidity risk arises from the Group’s management of working capital. It is the risk that the Group will 
encounter difficulty in meeting its financial obligations as they fall due. The Board regularly receives 
cash flow projections for a minimum period of twelve months, together with information regarding cash 

  balances monthly.

The Group is principally funded by equity and invests in short-term deposits, having access to these funds 
  at short notice. The Group’s policy throughout the period has been to minimise interest rate risk by placing    

funds in risk free cash deposits but also to maximise the return on funds placed on deposit.

  All cash deposits attract a floating rate of interest. The benchmark rate for determining interest receivable 
  and floating rate assets is linked to the UK base rate.

Foreign currency risk
The Group’s exposure to foreign currency risk is limited as most of its invoicing and payments are 

  denominated in Sterling. Accordingly, no sensitivity analysis is presented in this area as it is 

considered immaterial.

27.POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS

In January 2024, the Company raised £1.8 million before expenses by way of a placing, a retail offer and 

  directors’ subscription of 30,029,063 new ordinary shares of £0.001 each in the Company at a price of 

6p pence per share.

82

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
83

www.valirx.com

ValiRx Plc  

MediCity (Nottingham), D6 Thane Road, 

Nottingham, NG90 6BH UK

Tel: +44 (0)115 784 0026

Email: info@valirx.com