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Vast Resources plc

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FY2019 Annual Report · Vast Resources plc
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256569 Vast Resources R&A Cover spread.qxp  11/10/2019  21:35  Page 1

VADV
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2019

60 Gracechurch Street 
London, EC3V 0HR 
United Kingdom 

Info@vastplc.com 
+44 (0) 1491 615 232 

www.vastplc.com 

256569 Vast Resources R&A Cover spread.qxp  11/10/2019  21:35  Page 2

Vast Resources has a diversified portfolio encompassing 
the mining development curve. It is focused on the 
transformation from an exploration company to a mining 
company and delivering multiple revenue streams.

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256569 Vast Resources R&A pp01.qxp  11/10/2019  21:35  Page 2

Highlights                                                                                       2­3 

Chairman’s Report                                                                        4­6 

Strategic Report                                                                          7­17 

Report of the Directors                                                           18­21 

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities                                  22 

Independent Auditors Report                                               23­27 

Group statement of Comprehensive Income                           28 

Group statement of Changes in Equity                                     29 

Company statement of Changes in Equity                                30 

Group and Company Statements of Financial Position         31 

Group and Company Statements of Cash Flow                       32 

Statement of Accounting Policies                                         33­40 

Notes to the Financial Statements                                       41­69 

Company Information                                                                   70

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 2

Overview of the 13 Months Ended 30th April 2019

Vast Resources plc (‘Vast’ or the ‘Group’) has repositioned the business to focus resources 
on two key mining opportunities in Romania and Zimbabwe with the intention of starting 
production at these mines in the current financial year. These opportunities comprise the 
Baita  Plai  Polymetallic  Mine  (‘BPPM’)  in  Romania,  and  the  Group’s  expected  diamond 
concession in Zimbabwe. This establishes the platform to support Vast’s strategic objective 
to expand its footprint in these jurisdictions. 

In repositioning the business, the Group has divested its 25.01% stake in its Zimbabwean 
gold operations, reduced debt, strengthened its management team, and directed resources 
exclusively to placing its key Romania and Zimbabwean assets into production.  

The Group was awarded the Baita licence on 15th October 2018 but was unable to draw on 
Tranche B of the Mercuria prepayment facility in order to fund capital expenditure programs 
at BPPM and the Manaila Polymetallic Mine (‘MPM’). The objective of these programs was 
to restart production at BPPM and to improve operational efficiency at MPM. Consequently, 
the Group is well advanced in the process of arranging new funding which it is prioritising 
for BPPM and its diamond concession given the short lead times expected to generate free 
operational cashflow, and has placed MPM on care and maintenance in expectation of a 
second funding round at a later stage. 

Financial 
•

US$ 8.6 million gain on disposal of Zimbabwean gold operations.  

•

•

•

•

•

US$  21.4  million  reduction  in  the  carrying  amounts  of  loans  and  borrowings  to  US$  5.5  million 
(2018: US$ 27 million) 

Total revenue, including operations that were discontinued in April 2019, increased to US$ 34.7 million 
(2018: US$ 30.7 million). 

Revenue from continuing operations increased to US$ 3.4 million (2018: US$ 3.1 million) 

Romanian operations continued to be a net cash absorber given a delay in financing the required capital 
expenditure to place BPPM into production and to improve profitability at MPM. 

Cash balance at the period end of US$ 0.569 million (2018: US$ 1.3 million). 

Operational Development  
•

Baita Plai Association Licence executed on 15th October 2018, giving the Group the right to mine at BPPM. 

•

•

•

•

1,725 and 242 tonnes of copper and zinc concentrate respectively produced at MPM from April 2018 to 
December 2018, at which point MPM was placed on care and maintenance. 

29.41% economic interest acquired in the Blueberry Polymetallic Gold project in Romania which has raised 
US$ 1 million to meet exploration costs. 

Hiring of key management and technical personnel for the Group’s Zimbabwe diamond opportunity. 

The Chiadzwa Community Diamond Concession Joint Venture was signed post period end.

2  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 3

Funding 

Equity: 
Fundraising share issues during the year (gross proceeds before cost of issue): 

US$

124,338
7,804,519
985,929

8,914,786

£

Shares Issued

Issued to 

91,351
5,987.332
769,451

6,848,134

18,270,103
2,313,540,750
488,073,476

2,819,884,329 

Exercise of warrants 
Issued to investors 
Issued to convertible security investor 

Fundraising share issues post period end (gross proceeds before cost of issue): 

Announced

30 May
8 August

Total

US$

1,136,646
795,268

1,931,914

£

Shares Issued

Issued to 

900,000
655,000

775,862,068
595,454,545

Issued to investors 
Issued to investors 

1,555,000

1,371,316,613 

Debt 
•

US$ 3.1 million was repaid to Sub-Sahara Goldia Investments. 

•

US$ 20.6 million was disposed of as part of the sale and restructuring of Vast’s Zimbabwe operations. 

Management 
•

Appointment of Nick Hatch as Non-executive Director on 9th May 2018. 

•

•

•

•

Appointment of Mark Mabhudhu as specialist adviser to and then Executive Director of Vast’s diamond 
division on 6th July 2018 

Appointment of Andrew Hall as Head of Corporate Development and Investor Relations on 1st December 
2018. 

Resignation of Carl Kindinger as Group CFO on 10th February 2019. 

Appointment of Paul Fletcher as Group CFO on 11th February 2019. 

Political 
•

Continued improved business environment in Zimbabwe

VAST RESOURCES  3

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 4

Chairman’s Report 

The reporting period and the period to date since, has been a testing one for the Board. It has been a period 
marked equally by great opportunities and challenges. It has also been one of significant change of direction 
for the Company due to the decision to dispose of our Zimbabwe gold interests and instead use our accumulated 
in-house knowledge of Zimbabwe by focussing on the Zimbabwe diamond sector. 

Romania 
In Romania we were delighted in October to acquire the association licence giving the right to mine at Baita 
Plai. But we were of course disappointed that the process had proved to have been such a long and exacting 
one. We have had to bear monthly dewatering and maintenance costs over a long period. We have forgone the 
income that might otherwise have arisen from production. The delay has been costly.  

Our financial planning for the Romanian operation – both Baita Plai and Manaila – had been underpinned by 
the Mercuria pre-payment facility from which we had expected a second tranche (Tranche B) of US$5.5 million. 
The drawdown of the tranche was delayed and eventually, to our great surprise, was withdrawn in January. As 
stated in the Strategic Report this withdrawal was unrelated to the Company’s standing or to the viability of 
the Company’s Romanian operation. The effect of this has been to further delay the commissioning of Baita 
Plai and to force the decision to put Manaila onto care and maintenance while we prioritised Baita Plai.  

The process of negotiating and agreeing the detailed documentation necessary for the refinance of Baita Plai 
has been time consuming but has, at the time of writing, reached an advanced stage. However, during the 
waiting period we have prepared a detailed and costed commissioning and production plan for Baita Plai, and 
have moreover ordered, purchased, or are already implementing the long lead items so that the mine can be 
commissioned within three months of the drawdown of the finance.  

We continue to believe that Baita Plai is a key asset for the Company and that when in production the mine will 
be transformational for the Company. 

Zimbabwe 
During the reporting period we have been steadily appraising the diamond opportunities in Zimbabwe and in 
July 2018 appointed as head of our diamond division Mark Mabhudhu who has a lifetime of experience in senior 
management  roles  in  the  diamond  sector  including  being  former  CEO  of  Government  owned  Zimbabwe 
Consolidated Diamond Company (pvt) Ltd (‘ZCDC’). As a result, a number of opportunities have been offered 
to us and due diligence, where appropriate, has been undertaken.  

Considerable effort has now resulted in a formal joint venture agreement with the Chiadzwa Community and 
the prospect very shortly of a joint venture involving both the Community and ourselves with ZCDC under which 
the ZCDC joint venture company will be given the right to mine the Chiadzwa Community Concession. This 
Concession is in a general area which we had previously referred to as the Marange Diamond Fields. 

Indigenisation laws in Zimbabwe, including for diamonds, have now been abolished. Moreover, we understand 
that the diamond joint venture with our partners, Chiadzwa Community and ZCDC will, subject to completion 
of all agreements, entitle the ZCDC joint venture company to retain sale proceeds from the diamonds, that are 
not required in Zimbabwe, offshore. This constitutes a significant advantage compared with the position for 
gold operations where all sales have to be made via the in-country refinery owned by the Reserve Bank, and 
where remission of proceeds are restricted by the Exchange Control laws. 

Although our Zimbabwe gold assets were performing well there were several issues which militated against 
our ability to extract cash from their operation in the short or medium term for general corporate purposes. 
The operation also carried large debt on our balance sheet which was unhelpful in our fundraising negotiations. 
We accordingly took the fundamental decision to dispose of our Zimbabwe gold assets and concentrate our 
resources on the diamond sector. 

4  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 5

Directors and management 
Executives 
Mark Mabhudhu was appointed on 6 July 2018 initially as a specialist advisor to the board of our Zimbabwe 
subsidiary, but subsequently as executive head of the Company’s diamond division. Mark, at appointment, had 
been involved in diamond mining for more than 22 years, both in Zimbabwe and internationally, including 
11 years with Debswana, the joint venture company between De Beers and the government of Botswana. As 
already stated he had previously been CEO of ZCDC. 

Andrew Hall was appointed Head of Corporate Development and Investor Relations on 1 December 2018. He 
has a background in natural resource and finance linked businesses and previously worked at a natural resources 
focussed  merchant  bank  where  he  established  and  managed  the  alternative  finance  distribution  business 
covering asset managers, private equity, investment banks, family offices and trading houses. 

Paul Fletcher was appointed on 8 February 2019 as Chief Financial Officer and has progressed into playing an 
integral senior role in the management of the Group’s finances. Paul has formerly held a variety of senior finance 
and operational roles in trading, processing, and financial businesses in the US, Europe and Asia. 

Non-Executive 
As reported in the 2018 Annual Report Nick Hatch was appointed to the Board as a Non-Executive Director on 
9 May 2018. Nick has 35 years of experience in mining investment banking, primarily as a mining analyst and in 
managing mining and metals research and equities teams, most recently as a Director of Mining Equity Research 
at Canaccord Genuity in London. 

Funding 
During the reporting period US$7.9 million was raised in equity finance (including warrant exercises) and a 
further US$1.0 net of payments was raised through the Bergen Facility. US$3.1 million was repaid to Sub-Sahara 
Goldia Investments Ltd. 

At the time of writing we are near to finalisation of documentation on a funding which will be sufficient to fund 
both the commissioning of Baita Plai and the commencement of diamond mining at the Chiadzwa Community 
Concession. 

Corporate Governance 
As stated in the Strategic Report the Company has adopted the Quoted Company Alliance (‘QCA’) code on 
Corporate Governance.  

The Board strives to promote a corporate culture based on sound ethical values and behaviours. To that end 
the Company has adopted a strict anti-corruption and whistle blowing policy, but the Directors are not aware 
of any event in either jurisdiction which might be considered to breach this policy. The Company has also adopted 
a code for Directors’ and employees’ dealings in securities which is appropriate for a company whose securities 
are traded on AIM and is in accordance with the requirements of the Market Abuse Regulation which came into 
effect in 2016. 

The Board is also aware that the tone and culture it sets will greatly impact all aspects of the Company and the 
way that employees behave, as well as the achievement of corporate objectives. A large part of the Company’s 
activities is centred upon an open dialogue with shareholders, employees and other stakeholders. Therefore, 
the importance of sound ethical values and behaviours is crucial to the ability of the Company to successfully 
achieve its corporate objectives. 

VAST RESOURCES  5

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 6

Chairman’s Report 

continued

Appreciation 
The continued support of shareholders through times that have been challenging is much appreciated. Following 
the funding of the Baita Plai Mine in Romania, and (subject to completion of agreements) of the Chiadzwa 
Community Concession in Zimbabwe, the Group believes that it will become cash positive. 

To fellow directors, thank you for your advice and support, and to management and staff both in Romania and 
Zimbabwe for their continued effort on behalf of the Company. 

Brian Moritz 
Chairman 

6  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 7

Strategic Report 

Principal activities, review of business and future developments 

Vision 
The vision of the Group is to become a mid-tier mining group, one of the largest polymetallic (copper, zinc, silver, 
and gold) producers in Romania, and a major player in the re-emergence of the mining industry in Zimbabwe, 
where the Group now has a major focus on its diamond interests. 

Principal activities 
In Romania the Group is focussed on reopening the Baita Plai Polymetallic Mine (‘BPPM’) where an accelerated 
commissioning schedule (from the time that funding is secured) aimed at delivering cashflow within six months 
has been agreed and will be fully implemented following drawdown of full funding now expected to be agreed 
shortly. Meanwhile the previously operating Manaila Polymetallic Mine (‘MPM’) remains on care and maintenance 
pending adoption of a new effective mine plan that will achieve profitability. 

In Zimbabwe, following the divestment of its gold mining interests shortly prior to period end, the Group reached 
an advanced stage in the agreement of joint ventures on a substantial diamond concession in the Chiadzwa 
Diamond Fields (previously referred to as the Marange Diamond Fields). 

In both jurisdictions the Group holds further mining claims or other interests which are under appraisal. 

Review of business 

Romania 

General 
Following intensive negotiations between the Romanian Government, related agencies, and Baita SA, as holder 
of the head licence, the association licence granting the Group the right to mine at BPPM was approved by the 
State Mining Regulatory Body on 15th October 2018. Due to matters unrelated to either Vast’s standing or to the 
viability of Vast’s Romanian operations, the Group was unable to draw down on the US$ 5.5 million second tranche 
(‘Tranche B’) of the Mercuria prepayment facility. These funds were earmarked for capital expenditure programs 
at BPPM and MPM with the objective of recommission at BPPM and improving operational efficiency at MPM.  

Consequently, the Group has been in the process of arranging, and is now expected shortly to achieve, new 
funding  which  as  far  as  Romania  is  concerned  will  prioritise  BPPM  given  the  project’s  short  lead  time  to 
generating free operational cash flows. MPM will remain on care and maintenance in expectation of a second 
funding round at a later stage. 

BPPM (80% interest, 10% Directors) 
The non-availability of Mercuria Tranche B has negatively impacted the Group’s results in Romania and has 
caused the Group to raise supplemental debt and equity funds during the course of the period. Despite these 
headwinds, the Group has made progress rehabilitating the BPPM infrastructure and in making improvements 
as well as significant inroads into implementing long lead items. Specific accomplishments include the following: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Installation of new, high efficiency pumps 

Securing direct electricity supply 

Cleaning milling and flotation circuits 

Maintained and continued restoration of underground workings and access 

Commenced installation of new, independent electricity supply  

Advanced work on refurbishment of the flotation plant including installation of a new sediment tank  

Commenced installation of the 7 kilometre tailings pipe to the tailings dam 

Cleaning railway in preparation for use 

Acquired and restored a 300 metre drilling rig  

VAST RESOURCES  7

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 8

Strategic Report 

continued

Completion is dependent upon obtaining drawdown of funding which is expected to be agreed shortly. The 
Group estimates that subject to financing being arranged as hoped in the near future profitable production will 
have been achieved during the now current financial year. 

MPM (100% interest) 
1,720 and 242 tonnes of copper and zinc concentrate respectively were produced at MPM from April 2018 to 
December 2018, at which point MPM was then placed on temporary care and maintenance originally due to 
adverse winter weather conditions. However, given the absence of funding, the decision was later taken to place 
the mine on continued care and maintenance until such time that BPPM was funded, and new funding arranged 
for MPM that was better suited to its investment needs and exploration potential. Revenues increased 10.8% 
to US$ 3.432 million (2018: US$ 3.098 million). 

As highlighted last year, a program of drilling undertaken in 2017 has proven the potential of opening a second 
open-pit mine at the Carlibaba section of MPM. A JORC compliant Resource statement confirmed a Measured, 
Indicated and Inferred mineral Resource of 4.6 million tonnes suitable for open-pit mining (3.6 million tonnes 
Measured  and  Indicated).  Underground  mineral  Resources  in  the  Measured  and  Indicated  category  was 
determined at 0.399 million tonnes. The implied open pit life is 11 years based on open pit and underground 
Measured and Indicated Resources at a rate of 30,000 tonnes per month. MPM also has significant underground 
exploration potential which would be transformative and would require additional investment beyond those 
planned  for  the  Carlibaba  open  pit  extension  and  new  plant  facility.  For  these  reasons,  the  commercial 
opportunity is potentially much larger and will require a revised funding and investment strategy. 

Blueberry Polymetallic Gold Project (‘Blueberry’) (29.41% effective interest). 
The Group acquired an effective 29.41% economic interest in Blueberry through EMA Resources Ltd (‘EMA’) in a 
brown field perimeter located at Baia de Aries in the ‘Golden Quadrilateral’ of Western Romania on which historic 
work has demonstrated prospectivity for gold and polymetallic minerals. The Group is undertaking exploration 
on the perimeter with a view to establishing a JORC Resource sufficient to justify an independent IPO.  

The following exploration activities were undertaken at the Blueberry prospect: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

Surface geological mapping. 

Archival data searches for information relating to the Baia de Aries polymetallic mine. 

41 surface diamond drill holes completed for a total core length of 6 717 metres. 

All 6,717 metres of core split with half sent to an independent laboratory for assay and the remaining half 
kept in storage. 

300 soil geochemical samples gathered on an approximate 100 metre by 100 metre grid spacing and 
analysed at an independent laboratory. 

The exploration perimeter divided into eight zones for exploration and preliminary drilling undertaken in 
4  of  the  8  identified  target  areas.  Drilling  successfully  intersected  mineralised  zones  containing 
predominantly  gold  and  silver  with  certain  localities  exhibiting  polymetallic  copper  –  lead  -  zinc 
mineralisation. 

Follow up drilling is planned for these areas in order to define the orientations and the extent of the mineralised 
zones as a number of intersections remain open at depth and along strike. 

The  soil  sampling  program  encompassed  approximately  40%  of  the  exploration  area.  Further  sampling  is 
required  to  the  southwest  and  the  northeast  to  complete  the  soil  sampling  coverage.  The  soil  sampling 
identified previously unknown areas of mineralisation in the southern portion of the exploration area with gold 
in soil values of up to 17.7 grams per ton gold. 

To date the Group has arranged US$ 1 million third party financing on behalf of the venture. 

8  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 9

Other Romanian prospects 
Work has been in progress with the benefit of third party money on extending our footprint in Romania through 
our current claims at Magura Neagra and Piciorul Zimbrului (collectively known as ‘Zagra’). The Group has 
undertaken a drilling programme targeting sets of polymetallic veins together with areas of disseminated 
sulphide mineralization. 

The Group continues to believe that exploration of the many mining opportunities that have become dormant 
over the last two decades will be an attractive prospect for global mining players seeking to capitalize on the 
projected increase in demand globally for copper occasioned by the global transition to clean energy and 
electric vehicles. 

The Group’s ‘first mover position’ in Romania has attracted interest in resuscitating the large-scale polymetallic 
resource projects in Romania. Discussions have been held with global mining players and investors to leverage 
their financial strength and expertise to jointly exploit these considerable opportunities. 

Zimbabwe 
In April 2019, the Group divested its 25.01% stake in its Zimbabwean gold related operations which included 
the producing Pickstone-Peerless Gold Mine (‘PPGM’) together with the non-producing Eureka Gold Mine in the 
course of restoration(‘Eureka’), and the dormant Giant Gold Mine (‘GGM’). The Group recorded an accounting 
gain on disposal of US$ 8.6 million. This divestment was driven in part by need to restructure the Group’s balance 
sheet  to  enable  the  financing  of  strategic  projects  and  by  the  Group’s  strategy  to  focus  resources  on 
opportunities generating high and near term operating free cashflow unrestrained by tight currency controls 
as represented by BPPM and the expected diamond concession in Zimbabwe.  

During  the  period,  the  divested  Zimbabwean  gold  operations  recorded  profits  of  US$  8.4  million  (2018: 
US$ 2.3 million) on revenue of US$ 31.2 million (2018: US$ 27.6 million). These results have been heavily impacted 
by foreign exchange gains arising from a devaluation occasioned by the re-designation of all US dollar balances in 
Zimbabwe as RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) balances. This has resulted in significant gains of US$ 5.7 million 
mainly  arising  from  foreign  exchange  revaluation  gains  on  local  currency  denominated  borrowings.  On  a 
normalized basis after removing foreign exchange gains, profits from the discontinued Zimbabwean operations 
increased by 16.4% to US$ 2.683 million (2018: US$ 2.305 million), largely driven by increased milled volumes (up 
30% to 383,838 tonnes) and associated increased gold production (up 14% to 749kgs). Both the gain on disposal 
of US$ 8.6 million and the profits of $US 8.4 million from the divested Zimbabwean gold operations are disclosed 
as profits from discontinued operations in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. 

Diamond Concession – Chiadzwa Diamond Fields 
The Group has completed due diligence on the diamond concession on which it expects to get the full right to 
mine shortly and has prepared a full operating plan.  

Corporate 
The Group has repositioned its business, disposing of its Zimbabwean gold operations in order to focus on BPPM 
and its expected diamond interests. This restructuring has enabled the Group to repay $2.5 million of its loan 
from Sub-Sahara Goldia Investments (‘Sub-Sahara’) and to reduce its borrowings by an additional $18.6 million 
thereby  significantly  reducing  the  Group’s  gearing,  simplifying  the  balance  sheet,  and  creating  a  financial 
platform for growth and refinancing. The Group has been actively seeking substantive financing following the 
withdrawal of Mercuria’s US$ 5.5 million Tranche B to finance BBPM and the diamond opportunity in Zimbabwe. 
At the time of writing this report the Group is near to concluding agreed documentation with an institution 
which will provide funding for the Group’s operations both at BBPM and in Zimbabwe.  

During the year the Group strengthened its management team through the hiring of industry experts in the 
diamond sector.

VAST RESOURCES  9

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 10

Strategic Report 

continued

Strategy 
The Group’s strategy is to: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Attract appropriate funding for the Group – including from institutional investment 

Attract appropriate joint venture partners and public institutions to invest in the Group and projects of 
mutual interest 

Grow into a mid-tier mining company both organically and through acquisitions financed principally by 
third parties 

Optimise operations to produce positive cashflows 

Add value to operations by increasing resources and reserves 

If expedient, hold significant minority stakes in new ventures operationally managed by the Group 

Finance growth, where possible in a non-dilutive manner 

Maintain exposure to Zimbabwe and Romania where the Group has acquired in-depth country knowledge 

Continue to work with Government and local communities in Zimbabwe in the diamond sector, and to 
develop the diamond business in a transparent way for the benefit of all stake holders 

Key performance indicators 
In executing its strategy, the Board considers the Group’s key performance indicators to be, or will be after 
recommencement of mining: 

•

Cash cost per tonne milled 

–

–

–

Cash cost per tonne is derived from aggregate cash costs divided by tonnes milled and measures 
productivity. 

For PPGM the cash cost for the period until discontinuance was US$ 48/tonne (2018: US$ 62/tonne), 
23% lower than the 2018 result.  

For  MPM  the  cash  cost  for  the  period  of  production  was  US$  70/tonne  (2018:  US$  42/tonne), 
60% higher than the 2018 result reflecting reduced volumes. 

•

Cash costs per ounce sold for gold and per tonne for concentrate 

–

–

–

Cash cost per ounce sold is calculated by dividing aggregate cash cost by gold ounces produced or 
concentrate tonnes produced and measures productivity. 

For PPGM the cash cost was US$ 770/ounce (2018: US$ 880/ounce), 12.5% lower than the 2018 result. 

For MPM the cash cost was US$ 2,208/tonne (2018: US$ 1,471/tonne), 50% higher than the 2018 
result reflecting reduced volumes. 

•

Plant production volumes as a measure of asset utilisation 

–

–

PPGM processed a mill feed of 383,838 tonnes for the period till divestment (2018: 295,424 tonnes), 
30% higher than the 2018 level. 

MPM processed mill feed of 62,391 tonnes for the period of production (2018: 106,488 tonnes), 41% 
lower than the 2018 level. 

•

Total resources and reserves 

–

These indicators measure our ability to discover and develop new ore bodies, including through 
acquisition of new mines, and to replace and extend the life of our operating mines. There have been 
no changes over the previous year other than as a result of the disposal of the Group’s gold interest 
in Zimbabwe. The alluvial diamond interest in Zimbabwe where there is an imminent expectation of 
a right to mine is considered very prospective, but by its nature is not susceptible to the estimation 
of a JORC Resource. 

•

The rate of utilization of the Group’s cash resources. This is discussed further below. 

10  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 11

Cash resources 
The Group’s year end position was US$ 0.569 million (2018: US$ 1.3 million).  

During the year cash inflows from operating activities (including discontinued activities) were US$ 5.3 million. 
Excluding discontinued activities, cash outflows from operating activities were US$ 7.9 million. A significant 
portion of these outflows are directly related to developing, supporting and maintaining our mining assets, 
allowing the Group to quickly start production and generate significant revenue at both BPPM and the diamond 
concession once funding is in place and the diamond special grant is procured.  

Cash outflows from investing activities (including discontinued activities) were US$ 13.3 million. Excluding 
discontinued activities, cash outflows from investing activities were US$ 1.3 million mainly driven by additions 
to mining assets in the Group’s Romanian operations. 

Cash  inflows  from  funding  activities  (including  discontinued  activities)  were  US$  7.2  million.  Excluding 
discontinued activities, cash inflows from funding activities were $5.2 million, comprising the net of the proceeds 
from the issuance of shares of US$ 8.1 million less net repayment of loans and borrowings of US$ 2.9 million. 

The Directors monitor the cash position of the Group closely to plan sufficient funds within the business to allow 
the  Group  to  meet  is  commitments  and  continue  the  development  of  assets.  As  part  of  this  process,  the 
Directors closely monitor capital expenditure and the regulatory requirements of the licences to ensure they 
continue in good standing. 

Principal risks and uncertainties 

•

Risk – Going concern 
The Group is in an advanced stage of agreeing documentation on a substantial funding. 

However, if this funding should fail it may cast doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going 
concern. Other material uncertainties constituting this risk include unseasonal severe climatic conditions, 
unforeseen delays in permits and licences for new mining or plant investments, cost overruns and adverse 
commodity price movements. 

Mitigation/Comments 
The Board will continue to engage, or after recommencement of mining will engage, with providers of 
commodity trade finance, potential joint venture and other investors in order for them to understand the 
fundamental strength of the Group’s business and attract additional funding when required. The Board 
also  will,  whenever  possible,  retain  sufficient  cash  margin  to  offset  contingencies.  The  remittance 
restrictions for the Zimbabwean gold operations will not apply to the Group’s diamond investments as the 
Group is advised that foreign currency regulations will allow export proceeds not required to meet costs 
in Zimbabwe to be retained offshore. 

•

Risk – Mining 
Mining  of  natural  resources  involves  significant  risk.  Drilling  and  operating  risks  include  geological, 
geotechnical, seismic factors, industrial and mechanical incidents, technical failures, labour disputes and 
environmental hazards.  

Mitigation/Comments 
Use of strong technical management together with modern technology and electronic tools assist in 
reducing risk in this area. Good employee relations are also key in reducing the exposure to labour disputes. 
The Group is committed to following sound environmental guidelines and is keenly aware of the issues 
surrounding each individual project. 

VAST RESOURCES  11

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 12

Strategic Report 

continued

•

•

•

•

Risk - Commodity prices 
Commodity prices are subject to fluctuation in world markets and are dependent on such factors as mineral 
output and demand, global economic trends and geo-political stability. 

Mitigation/Comments 
The Group’s management constantly monitors mineral grades mined and cost of production to ensure 
that mining output becomes or remains economic. As highlighted earlier, due to matters unrelated to both 
Vast’s standing and the viability of Vast’s Romanian operations, the Group was unable to draw down on 
the US$ 5.5 million second tranche (‘Tranche B’) of the Mercuria prepayment facility. These funds were 
earmarked for capital expenditure programs at BPPM and the Manaila Polymetallic Mine (‘MPM’) with the 
objective of restarting production at BPPM and to improve operational efficiency at MPM. Consequently, 
the Group is well advanced in the process of arranging new funding which it is prioritising for BPPM and 
its diamond concession given the short lead times expected to generate free operational cash flows, and 
has placed MPM on care and maintenance in expectation of a second funding round at a later stage.  

Risk – Management and Retention of Key Personnel 
The successful achievement of the Group's strategies, business plans and objectives depend upon its ability 
to attract and retain certain key personnel. 

Mitigation/Comments 
The Group’s policy is to foster a management culture where management is empowered and where 
innovation and creativity in the workplace are encouraged. The Group has in place a “Share Appreciation 
Right Scheme” for Directors and senior executives to provide incentives based on the success of the 
business. It is also introducing more specific incentive arrangements for the Group’s diamond business in 
Zimbabwe.  

During the period the Group has been successful in attracting new talent across its businesses. 

Risk - Country and Political 
The Group’s operations are based in Romania and Zimbabwe. Emerging market economies could be subject 
to greater risks, including legal, regulatory, economic, bribery and political risks, and are potentially subject 
to rapid change. In addition, there are risks particular to Zimbabwe arising from a scarcity of foreign 
exchange, difficulty with foreign remittances of funds and the, now albeit very substantially mitigated, 
risk of indigenisation. 

Mitigation/Comments 
The Group’s management team is experienced in its areas of operation and skilled at operating within the 
framework of the local culture in Romania and Zimbabwe to progress its objectives. The Group routinely 
monitors political and regulatory developments in each of its countries of operation. In addition, the Group 
actively engages in dialogue with relevant government representatives to keep abreast of all key legal and 
regulatory developments applicable to its operations. The Group has several internal processes and checks 
in  place  to  ensure  that  it  is  wholly  compliant  with  all  relevant  regulations  to  maintain  its  mining  or 
exploration licences within each country of operation. 

Risk - Social, Safety and Environmental 
The Group's success may depend upon its social, safety and environmental performance, as failures can 
lead to delays or suspension of its mining activities. 

Mitigation/Comments 
The Group takes its responsibilities in these areas seriously and monitors its performance across these 
areas on a regular basis. 

12  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 13

Corporate Governance 
The Company has adopted the QCA (Quoted Company Alliance) Code on corporate governance. Details of how 
the Company complies with this are set out in the Company’s website. Principles which are required to be dealt 
with under the Code in the Company’s Annual Report are set out below. 

Business model and strategy 
This is described above under Strategy and elsewhere in this Report. 

Risk Management 
In addition to its other roles and responsibilities, the Audit and Compliance Committee is responsible to the 
Board for ensuring that procedures are in place and are being implemented effectively to identify, evaluate and 
manage the significant risks faced by the Company.  

The Directors have established procedures, as represented by this statement, for the purpose of providing a 
system of internal control. An internal audit function is not considered necessary or practical due to the size of 
the Company and the close day to day control exercised by the Executive Directors. The Board works closely 
with and has regular ongoing dialogue with the Company Financial Director and financial controller and has 
established appropriate reporting and control mechanisms to ensure the effectiveness of its control systems. 

The risks facing the Company are detailed above. The Board seeks to mitigate such risks so far as it is able to do, 
as explained above, but certain important risks cannot be controlled. The CEO is primarily responsible to the 
Board for risk management. 

In particular, the products the Company mines and is seeking to identify are traded globally at prices reflecting 
supply and demand rather than the cost of production. In Romania, the Company seeks to protect its cash flow 
by means of a long term offtake agreement, but it does not hedge future production. 

Maintenance of a well functioning Board of Directors led by the Chairman 
Current membership of the Board is as follows: 

Name

Brian Moritz
Andrew Prelea
Roy Tucker
Craig Harvey
Eric Diack
Nick Hatch

Role

Non-executive Chairman
Chief Executive Officer
Finance Director
Chief Operating Officer
Non-executive director
Non-executive director

Appointed 

6 October 2016 
1 March 2018 
5 April 2005 
1 March 2018 
30 May 2014 
9 May 2018 

All the Non-executive Directors are considered to be independent.  

All the Directors are subject to re-election at intervals of no more than three years. 

The table illustrates the success of the Board in refreshing its membership. 

The Board is well balanced both in its skill sets and in the domicile of its members. Of the Executive Directors, 
Andrew Prelea is resident in Romania, Roy Tucker in the UK, and Craig Harvey in Southern Africa. Of the Non-
Executive Directors, Nick Hatch and Brian Moritz are resident in the UK, whilst Eric Diack resides in Southern 
Africa. 

All of the current Non-executive Directors are considered to be independent. None of them have been a Director 
for a sufficient length of time to prejudice such independence. 

Non-executive Directors are committed to devote 3 days per month to the Company. Executive Directors devote 
substantially the whole of their time to the Company.  

Where possible Directors are physically present at board meetings, but, due to the wide divergence of locations, 
Directors may be present by telephone. 

VAST RESOURCES  13

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 14

Strategic Report 

continued

During the thirteen month period ended 30 April 2019 there were six full board meetings in addition to twelve 
meetings on specific issues. Of the Directors holding office throughout the period, Brian Moritz, Andrew Prelea, 
Roy Tucker and Eric Diack, attended all the full meetings either in person or by telephone.  

Appropriate skills and experience of the Directors 
The CVs of the Directors - three executives and three Non executives - as disclosed on the website, are set out 
below. In addition, the Company has employed the outsourced services of Ben Harber of Shakespeare Martineau 
as company secretary. 

Andrew Prelea – Chief Executive Officer 
Andrew has been involved with Vast since 2013 and has spearheaded the development of the Company’s 
Romanian portfolio. Beginning his career in the early 1990s as a bulk iron ore and steel trader in Romania, he 
then went on to develop his career in the property and earthmoving sector in Australia before returning to 
Romania in 2003, initially to focus on the development of properties for the Romanian Ministry of Defence and 
latterly, private sector developments. Throughout his 26-year career, Andrew has developed extensive investor 
and public relations experience and has advised the Romanian government on wide ranging high-level topics 
including social housing and economic policy. He has built a strong network of contacts across the mining and 
metals industries and Europe and southern Africa, in addition to policy makers and governmental authorities. 

Brian Moritz - Chairman 
Brian is a Chartered Accountant and former Senior Partner of Grant Thornton UK LLP, London; he formed Grant 
Thornton’s Capital Markets Team which floated over 100 companies on AIM under his chairmanship. In December 
2004,  he  retired  from  Grant  Thornton  UK  LLP  to  concentrate  on  bringing  new  companies  to  the  market.  He 
specialises in natural resources companies, primarily in Africa, and was formerly chairman of Metal Bulletin plc, 
African Platinum plc and Chromex Mining plc as well as currently being chairman of several junior mining companies. 

Roy Tucker – Finance Director 
Roy  is  a  Chartered  Accountant  with  43  years  of  high  level  and  broad  spectrum  professional  and  business 
experience. He has been the founder of a London banking group, served on bank boards and had a position as 
a major shareholder of a substantial London commodity house. He is also the founder of Legend Golf and Safari 
Resort in South Africa. He has substantial investment in the Romanian property sector. 

Craig Harvey – Chief Operating Officer 
Craig began his career with Gold Fields of SA in 1988 as a bursary student in Economic Geology where he worked 
on various gold, platinum, coal and exploration projects. At Harmony Gold he managed the mineral resources 
on various operations and was involved in due diligence on acquisitions. He joined Simmer and Jack with a focus 
on shallow hydro-thermal gold deposits in the Eastern Transvaal and later moved into a corporate role managing 
and auditing the mineral resource process across all gold and uranium operations. Craig spent 3 years in a 
Principal Consultant role for Ravensgate based in Perth, Australia, where he conducted numerous resource 
estimations, valuations and technical reports mainly in gold, uranium, copper and iron ore. Craig joined Vast 
Resources as a consultant in 2013 and became Chief Operating Officer in March 2017. During his tenure with 
Vast Resources, he has been heavily involved in both Zimbabwe and Romania. 

Eric Diack – Non-Executive Officer 
Eric is a Chartered Accountant with many years’ experience in the mining and industrial landscape. Eric is the 
former CEO of Anglo American Ferrous Metals Divisions, and has served on numerous major listed and unlisted 
company boards, mainly associated with Anglo American. He is currently a member of the Bidvest Group and 
Aveng boards which are large South African listed companies with extensive international operations. 

14  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 15

Nick Hatch – Non-Executive Director 
Nick has 35 years’ experience in mining investment banking, primarily as a mining analyst and in managing mining 
& metals research and equities teams. He was most recently Director of Mining Equity Research at Canaccord 
Genuity in London. Nick’s experience includes researching and advising on mining companies and projects across 
the globe and across the commodity spectrum and includes companies of all sizes. Nick left investment banking 
in 2017, and has recently set up his own company, Nick Hatch Mining Advisory Ltd, to provide mining research, 
business development and financing advice. He holds a degree in Mining Geology and is a Chartered Engineer. 

The Company believes that the current balance of skills in the Board as a whole reflects the broad range of 
commercial and professional skills that the Company requires. Among the Executive Directors, Andrew Prelea 
is experienced in general management, including identifying and negotiating new business opportunities; Roy 
Tucker is a Chartered Accountant with many years experience in general financial management; and Craig Harvey 
is a qualified geologist experienced in constructing and operating mines. 

Among the Non-executives Brian Moritz is a Chartered Accountant with senior experience. In addition to his 
financial skills he has former experience as a Registered Nominated Adviser. Eric Diack is also a Chartered 
Accountant with experience in operational as well as financial management. Nick Hatch is a qualified geologist 
with experience in evaluating mining companies and natural resource projects. 

Importantly, Directors without geological qualifications have significant experience with junior companies in 
the natural resources sector. 

Evaluation of Board Performance 
The Group is in the process of fast evolution and at this stage in the Company’s development it is not deemed 
necessary  to  adopt  formal  procedures  for  evaluation  of  the  Board  or  of  the  individual  Directors.  There  is 
frequent informal communication between members of the Board and peer appraisal takes place on an ongoing 
basis in the normal course of events however the Board will keep this under review and may consider formalised 
independent evaluation reviews at a later stage in the Company’s development 

Given the size of the Company, the whole Board is involved in the identification and appointment of new 
Directors and as a result, a Nominations Committee is not considered necessary at this stage. The importance 
of refreshing membership of the Board is recognised and has been implemented. In 2018 Andrew Prelea was 
appointed to replace Roy Pitchford as CEO, and Nick Hatch replaced Brian Basham as a Non-executive Director. 
The Directors believe that the Board operates efficiently and cost effectively for the benefit of all stakeholders. 
Nevertheless, it is envisaged that the Board will be strengthened in due course as and when new projects are 
operated by the Company. 

Maintenance of Governance Structures and Processes 
The corporate governance structures which the Company is able to operate are limited by the size of the Board, 
which is itself dictated by the current size and geographical spread of the Company’s operations, with Directors 
resident in the UK, Romania and Southern Africa. With this limitation, the Board is dedicated to upholding the 
highest possible standards of governance and probity. 

The Chairman, Brian Moritz: 

•

•

•

leads the Board and is primarily responsible for the effective working of the Board; 

in consultation with the Board ensures good corporate governance and sets clear expectations with 
regards to Company culture, values and behaviour; 

sets the Board’s agenda and ensures that all Directors are encouraged to participate fully in the activities 
and decision-making process of the Board. 

The CEO, Andrew Prelea: 

•

is  primarily  responsible  for  developing  Vast’s  strategy  in  consultation  with  the  Board,  for  its 
implementation and for the operational management of the business; 

VAST RESOURCES  15

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 16

Strategic Report 

continued

•

•

•

•

•

•

is primarily responsible for new projects and expansion; 

is responsible for attracting finance and equity for the Company; 

runs the Company on a day-to-day basis; 

implements the decisions of the Board; 

monitors, reviews and manages key risks; 

is  the  Company’s  primary  spokesperson,  communicating  with  external  audiences,  such  as  investors, 
analysts and the media. 

The Chief Operating Officer, Craig Harvey: 

•

•

•

•

•

is responsible for operational improvements and efficiency of mining operations in Romania; 

is responsible for expansion and exploration of projects at the mine level; 

is responsible for the re-opening of the Baita Plai mine; 

assists and advises on the operation and expansion of the Zimbabwe operations and projects; 

provides technical input on new projects. 

The Finance Director, Roy Tucker: 

•

•

•

•

•

is responsible for the administration of all aspects of the Group; 

assisted by the Chief Financial Officer oversees the accounting function of all group companies; 

runs the UK head office as the only UK based Executive Director; 

assisted by the Chief Financial Officer deals with all matters relating to the independent audit; 

is the main point of contact with the Company’s lawyers and Nomad, and the London Stock Exchange. 

The Remuneration Committee is chaired by Nick Hatch and comprises Eric Diack and Nick Hatch. It meets on an 
ad  hoc  basis  when  required.  The  Remuneration  Committee  is  responsible  for  establishing  a  formal  and 
transparent procedure for developing policy on executive remuneration and to set the remuneration packages 
of individual Directors. The Committee’s policy is to provide a remuneration package which will attract and retain 
Directors and management with the ability and experience required to manage the Company and to provide 
superior long-term performance.  

The Audit and Compliance Committee is chaired by Eric Diack and comprises Nick Hatch and Eric Diack. It normally 
meets twice per annum to inter alia, consider the interim and final results. In the latter case the auditors are 
present and the meeting considers and takes action on any matters raised by the auditors arising from their audit. 

The chairman, Brian Moritz, attends the meetings of these committees when requested to do so. 

Matters reserved for the Board include: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

Vision and strategy 

Production and trading results 

Financial statements and reporting 

Financing strategy, including debt and other external financing sources 

Budgets, acquisitions and expansion projects, divestments and capital expenditure and business plans 

Corporate governance and compliance 

16  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp02-pp17.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 17

•

•

•

Risk management and internal controls 

Appointments and succession plans 

Directors’ remuneration 

Shareholder Communication 
The Board is committed to maintaining effective communication and having constructive dialogue with its 
shareholders. The Company has close ongoing relationships with its private shareholders as explained above 
under Principle Two. The Company is desirous of obtaining an institutional shareholder base, and institutional 
shareholders and analysts will have the opportunity to discuss issues and provide feedback at meetings with 
the Company.  

The Investors section of the Company’s website provides all required regulatory information as well as additional 
information shareholders may find helpful including: information on Board members, advisors and significant 
shareholdings, a historical list of the Company’s Announcements, its corporate governance information, the 
Company’s publications including historic annual reports and notices of annual general meetings, together with 
share price information. 

The results of shareholder meetings will be publicly announced through the regulatory system and displayed 
on the Company’s website with suitable explanations of any actions undertaken as a result of any significant 
votes against resolutions. 

Outlook 
While the period has been challenging the Group has completed a successful divestment of its Zimbabwean 
gold  operations  and  is  in  the  last  stages  of  arranging  finance  to  focus  on  its  key  assets,  BPPM  and  the 
Zimbabwean diamond concession. These projects which by industry standards offer low cost entry, are expected 
to generate high returns and strong operational free cashflow generation, providing the platform for Vast’s 
expansion.  

As stated last year, the forecast global growth in electric vehicles remains likely to create, over the next decade, 
a shortage of copper. Whereas global supply and demand for copper is currently broadly balanced, worldwide 
there is a decline in ore grades, while community resistance and water supply issues are holding back discovery 
and exploitation such that management continues to believe that current supply will be overtaken by demand 
in a few years placing upward pressure on copper prices and spurring investment in new copper mining capacity. 
Management  also  believes  that  the  business  environment  in  Zimbabwe  will  continue  to  improve  as  the 
government establishes an attractive base for sustainable foreign investment, and that the Group, having 
obtained the licence for BPPM and having established significant first mover know-how, will begin to see traction 
on  its  other  Romanian  opportunities.  Management  believes  that  a  combination  of  a  bullish  outlook  on 
polymetallics together with a reduction in Romanian and Zimbabwean country risk premiums will provide 
significant  medium-term  growth  in  the  share  price  and  bode  well  for  the  financial  performance  of  these 
businesses. 

Many thanks to fellow Board members and management for the commitment and hard work that has been put 
into the Group. 

On behalf of the Board, 

Andrew Prelea 
Group Chief Executive Officer

VAST RESOURCES  17

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 18

Report of the Directors 
for the period ended 30 April 2019 

The Directors present their report together with the audited financial statements for the thirteen-month period 
ended 30 April 2019.  

Results and dividends 
The Group statement of comprehensive income is set out on page 28 and shows the profit for the period. 

The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend (2018: nil). 

Financial instruments 
Details of the use of financial instruments by the Company and its subsidiary undertakings are contained in note 
20 of the financial statements. 

Directors 
The Directors who served during the period and up to the date hereof were as follows: - 

Roy Tucker
Eric Diack
Brian Moritz
Andrew Prelea
Craig Harvey
Nick Hatch

Date of Appointment
5 April 2005 
30 May 2014 
3 October 2016 
1 March 2018 
1 March 2018 
9 May 2018 

Directors’ interests 
The interests in the shares of the Company of the Directors who served during the period were as follows: 

Eric Diack
Craig Harvey
Nick Hatch
Brian Moritz
Andrew Prelea
Roy Tucker

Total

30 April 2019

31 March 2018 

Ordinary shares
–
5,650,000 
–
10,000,000 
39,179,476 
69,569,992 

124,399,468 

Share options Ordinary shares
–
5,650,000 
–
–
18,438,736 
31,607,029 

–
–
–
–
–
–

Share options 
– 
– 
– 
–  
– 
– 

–

55,695,765 

– 

18  VAST RESOURCES

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 19

Cash-settled share rights 
The following rights are held by Directors in a cash-settled share rights performance programme:  

Subscription
price

Outstanding at
31 March 2018

Exercised
during last 
13 months

Granted  

during last  Outstanding at
30 April 2019
13 months

Roy Tucker

8.75p

1,500,000 

9.00p

 750,000 

6.00p

 2,750,000 

Total

 5,000,000 

See note 22 for further details of this programme. 

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 1,500,000 

 750,000 

2,750,000 

5,000,000  

Exercise date 

50% Jul 2010 
50% Jul 2011 
50% Aug 2011 
50% Aug 2012 
50% Aug 2012 
50% Aug 2013 

Share Appreciation Rights Scheme 
The following Directors have been granted rights under the Company’s Share Appreciation Rights Scheme: 

Eric Diack

Craig Harvey

Andrew Prelea

Roy Tucker

In issue at
31 March 2018

            Awarded
Grant                 during
date                 period

Exercised / 
lapsed 
during period 

In issue at
30 April 2019

12,000,000  1 Jun 2015
5,000,000  1 Mar 2018
5,000,000  1 Mar 2018

 1,250,000  1 Jun 2015
 1,250,000  1 Jun 2015
 9,000,000  1 Mar 2018
 9,000,000  1 Mar 2018

18,000,000  1 Jun 2015
18,000,000  1 Mar 2018
18,000,000  1 Mar 2018

 10,000,000  1 Jun 2015
8,000,000  1 Jun 2015
9,000,000  1 Mar 2018
9,000,000  1 Mar 2018

 –        (12,000,000)
 –                                –
 –                                –

 –           (1,250,000)
 –                                –
 –                                –
 –                                –

 –                                  
 –                                –
 –                                –

 –        (10,000,000)
 –                                –
–
–
–
–

 –
5,000,000 
5,000,000 

 –
1,250,000 
9,000,000 
9,000,000 

18,000,000 
18,000,000 
18,000,000 

 –
 8,000,000 
 9,000,000 
 9,000,000 

132,500,000 

                             –

(23,250,000)

109,250,000 

Vesting period 

Start

Finish 

31 Mar 2016
31 Mar 2019
31 Mar 2020

31 Mar 2016
31 Mar 2017
31 Mar 2019
31 Mar 2020

31 Mar 2017
31 Mar 2019
31 Mar 2020

31 Mar 2016
31 Mar 2017
31 Mar 2019
31 Mar 2020

31 Mar 2019 
31 Mar 2022 
31 Mar 2023 

31 Mar 2019 
31 Mar 2020 
31 Mar 2022 
31 Mar 2023 

31 Mar 2020 
31 Mar 2022 
31 Mar 2023 

31 Mar 2019 
31 Mar 2020 
31 Mar 2022 
31 Mar 2023 

See note 22 for further details of the SARS. 

VAST RESOURCES  19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 20

Report of the Directors 

continued

Directors’ remuneration 

2019 (13 months)

Eric Diack
Craig Harvey
Nick Hatch
Brian Moritz
Andrew Prelea
Roy Tucker

2018 (12 months)

Eric Diack 
Craig Harvey 
Brian Moritz 
Andrew Prelea 
Roy Tucker
Roy Pitchford
Brian Basham

Salary/Fees  
earned * 
$’000 

33  
196  
28  
33  
244  
163  

697  

30  
15  
26  
18  
145 
173  
9 

416 

* The Company has developed a practice of deferring payment of varying proportions of sums earned by Directors until the Company 

liquidity position improves. 

$13,062 of Andrew Prelea’s remuneration last year was settled by issuing 7,407,407 shares.  

The Company has qualifying third party indemnity provisions for the benefit of the Directors. 

Future developments 
The Company’s plans for future developments are more fully set down in the Strategic Report, on pages 8 to 17. 

Research and development 
Detailed business and financing plans were prepared to bring Baita Plai Polymetallic Mine into production.  

The Group is well advanced in the process of arranging a funding facility that will allow it to meet these production 
objectives. Independent geological reports were commissioned for the diamond concession area in Zimbabwe 
as a means of preliminary identification of potentially economic areas. Preliminary processing plant layouts and 
designs were evaluated incorporating various technological methods of separation and recovery. 

Exploration drilling at Blueberry successfully intersected mineralised zones containing predominantly gold and 
silver with certain localities exhibiting polymetallic copper – lead - zinc mineralisation. Follow up drilling is planned 
for these areas in order to define the orientations and the extent of the mineralised zones. The soil sampling 
program encompassed approximately 40% of the exploration area. Further sampling is required to the southwest 
and the northeast to complete the soil sampling coverage. The soil sampling identified previously unknown areas 
of mineralisation in the southern portion of the exploration area with gold in soil values of up to 17.7 grams per 
ton gold. 

Disabled employees 
The Group gives full consideration to applications for employment from disabled persons where the candidate’s 
particular  aptitudes  and  abilities  are  consistent  with  adequately  meeting  the  requirements  of  the  job. 
Opportunities are available to disabled employees for training, career development and promotion.  

Where  existing  employees  become  disabled,  it  is  the  Company’s  policy  to  provide  continuing  employment 
wherever practicable in the same or an alternative position and to provide appropriate training to achieve this aim.  

20  VAST RESOURCES

 
 
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 21

Auditors 
All of the current Directors have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of 
any information needed by the Group's auditors for the purposes of their audit and to establish that the auditors 
are aware of that information. The Directors are not aware of any relevant audit information of which the 
auditors are unaware. Vast’s auditor, Crowe U.K. LLP, was initially appointed on 25 April 2016 and it is proposed 
by the Board that they be reappointed as auditors at the forthcoming AGM. 

Events after the reporting date 
These are more fully disclosed in Note 27. 

By order of the Board 

Ben Harber 
Secretary 

29 September 2019 

VAST RESOURCES  21

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 22

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Strategic  Report,  the  Directors'  Report  and  the  financial 
statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the 
Directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the EU and applicable law. 

Under company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they 
give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and the group and of the profit or loss of the 
group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

•

•

•

•

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial statements;  

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain 
the Group’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group 
and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also 
responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention 
and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

They are further responsible for ensuring that the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors and other 
information included in the Annual Report and Financial Statements is prepared in accordance with applicable 
law in the United Kingdom. 

The maintenance and integrity of the Group’s website is the responsibility of the Directors; the work carried 
out by the auditors does not involve the consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors accept 
no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred in the accounts since they were initially presented on 
the website.  

Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of the accounts and the other 
information included in annual reports may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

22  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 23

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Vast 
Resources Plc 

Opinion  
We have audited the financial statements of Vast Resources plc (the “Parent Company”) and its subsidiaries (the 
“Group”) for the thirteen month period ended 30 April 2019, which comprise: 

•

•

•

•

•

the Group statement of comprehensive income for the period ended 30 April 2019; 

the Group and Parent Company statements of financial position as at 30 April 2019; 

the Group and Parent Company statements of cash flows for the period then ended; 

the Group and Parent Company statements of changes in equity for the period then ended; and 

the notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. 

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the financial statements is 
applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. 

In our opinion: 

•

•

•

•

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s 
affairs as at 30 April 2019 and of the Group’s profit for the period then ended; 

the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 
European Union;  

the  Parent  Company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRSs  as 
adopted by the European Union as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; 
and 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 
2006.  

Basis for opinion  
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit 
of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical 
requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical 
Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We 
believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Material uncertainty related to going concern 
In forming our opinion on the financial statements, which is not modified, we have considered the adequacy of 
the  disclosures  made  in  ‘Basis  of  preparation  and  going  concern  assessment’  and  ‘Areas  of  estimates  and 
judgement’ in the financial statements concerning the Group’s and Parent Company’s ability to continue as a 
going concern. Further funds will be required to finance the Group’s and Parent Company’s working capital 
requirements and the development of the Group’s Romanian and Zimbabwean assets. The Group is at an 
advanced stage of agreeing documentation for a substantial funding and the Directors are confident that funds 
will be available to meet the Group’s commitments. However, binding agreements are not yet in place and this 
funding could fail. These conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty which may cast significant 
doubt about the Group’s and Parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements 
do not include the adjustments that would result if the Group and Parent Company were unable to continue as 
a going concern. 

VAST RESOURCES  23

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 24

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Vast 
Resources Plc 

continued
Overview of our audit approach 
Materiality 
In planning and performing our audit we applied the concept of materiality. An item is considered material if it 
could reasonably be expected to change the economic decisions of a user of the financial statements. We used 
the concept of materiality to both focus our testing and to evaluate the impact of misstatements identified. 

Based on our professional judgement, we determined overall materiality for the Group financial statements as 
a whole to be $155,000, based on approximately 1% of the Group’s assets.  

We use a different level of materiality (‘performance materiality’) to determine the extent of our testing for 
the audit of the financial statements. Performance materiality is set based on the audit materiality as adjusted 
for the judgements made as to the entity risk and our evaluation of the specific risk of each audit area having 
regard to the internal control environment.  

Where considered appropriate performance materiality may be reduced to a lower level, such as, for related 
party transactions and directors’ remuneration. 

We agreed with the Audit Committee to report to it all identified errors in excess of $5,000. Errors below that 
threshold would also be reported to it if, in our opinion as auditor, disclosure was required on qualitative 
grounds. 

Overview of the scope of our audit 
Of the Group’s reporting components, in addition to the Parent Company, we identified two entities comprising 
one component requiring full scope audits for group purposes located in Romania. Of the Group’s reporting 
components, in addition to the Parent Company, we identified two entities comprising one component requiring 
full  scope  audits  for  group  purposes  located  in  Romania.  The  components  within  the  scope  of  our  work 
accounted for 100% of total assets and continuing revenue. The work on these components was performed by 
component auditors.  

We issued instructions to the component auditors which included details of the significant areas to be covered, 
including the key audit matters detailed below, and the information required to be reported back. We reviewed 
the audit work performed by the component auditors, communicated our findings therefrom and any further 
work required by us was then performed by the component auditor. 

Key Audit Matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit 
of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These matters included those which had the 
greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts 
of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements 
as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

In addition to the matter described in the ‘Material uncertainty related to going concern section, we have 
determined the following key audit matters. This is not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit.  

24  VAST RESOURCES

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 25

Key audit matter

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit matter 

We reviewed management’s process for considering going 
concern.  We  obtained  management’s  assessment  of  going 
concern, comprising cash flow and profit and loss forecasts 
for at least 12 months from the date at which the financial 
statements  were  approved  and  a  summary  of  the  funding 
available to the Group to cover that period. 

Our procedures included, but were not limited to: 

•

•

•

identifying  the  key  assumptions  included  within  the 
forecasts  which  we  discussed  with  management  and, 
where  appropriate,  challenging  the  appropriateness 
thereof;  

considering  sensitivity  within  the  projections  and 
considering available mitigation of expenditure; and 

reviewing relevant documentation in relation to funds 
raised by the Parent Company after the reporting date 

We also assessed the adequacy of disclosures made in the 
financial statements in relation to going concern

Our procedures included, but were not limited to: 

•

•

agreeing the disposal to legal agreements documenting 
the transaction; and  

recalculating the profit or loss on disposal to ensure the 
accounting entries are appropriate. 

We also assessed the adequacy of disclosures made in the 
financial  statements 
in  relation  to  disclosures  of  the 
transaction  and  ensured  adequate  weighting  has  been 
included in the surround information.

Going concern 
The Group recorded a loss from continuing 
operation of $9.95 million and at 30 April 
2019  held  cash  and  cash  equivalents  of 
$569,000  which  was  not  sufficient  to 
support the production, development and 
administrative  costs  of  the  Group  for 
12 months. 

The going concern basis of preparation of 
the  financial  statements  may  not  be 
appropriate 

interest 

Disposal  of  the  Group’s  Zimbabwe  gold 
interests  
In  April  2019  the  group  sold  its  50.01% 
interest  in  Ronquil  Enterprises  (pvt)  Ltd 
through which it held its remaining 25.01% 
economic 
in  the  Pickstone 
Peerless Gold Mine and associated assets. 
This  had  a  significant  impact  on  the 
reported revenue and profitability of the 
Group,  resulted  in  the  derecognition  of 
substantial  assets,  liabilities  and  Non-
Controlling Interest in the Group and the 
recognition  of  a  substantial  gain  on 
disposal. 

The  accounting  for  the  disposal  may  be 
materially misstated. 

Our audit procedures in relation to these matters were designed in the context of our audit opinion as a whole. 
They were not designed to enable us to express an opinion on these matters individually and we express no 
such opinion. 

VAST RESOURCES  25

 
 
 
 
  
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 26

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Vast 
Resources Plc 

continued
Other information 
The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information 
included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion 
on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly 
stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, 
in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or 
our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material 
inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material 
misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the 
work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are 
required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit  

•

•

the information given in the strategic report and the directors' report for the financial year for which the 
financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

the  directors’  report  and  strategic  report  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  applicable  legal 
requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
In light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or 
the directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to 
report to you if, in our opinion: 

•

•

•

•

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our 
audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of the directors for the financial statements 
As  explained  more  fully  in  the  directors’  responsibilities  statement,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  the 
preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such 
internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  group’s  and  parent 
company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern 
and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the 
parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

26  VAST RESOURCES

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 27

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our 
auditor’s report. 

Use of our report 
This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the 
company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Stephen Bullock  
(Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of Crowe U.K. LLP 

Statutory Auditor 
London 

29 September 2019 

VAST RESOURCES  27

 
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 28

Group Statement of Comprehensive Income 

for the period ended 30 April 2019

30 Apr 2019
Group
$’000

31 Mar 2018 
Group 
$’000 

Note

2

22

4

5

13

Revenue
Cost of sales

Gross loss
Overhead expenses
Depreciation and impairment of property, plant and equipment
Profit / (loss) on sale of property, plant and equipment
Share option and warrant expense
Sundry income
Exchange (loss) / gain
Other administrative and overhead expenses

Loss from operations
Finance income
Finance expense
Loss on disposal of interest in subsidiary loans

Loss before taxation from continuing operations
Taxation charge

Total loss after taxation from continuing operations
Profit after taxation from discontinued operations

Total profit (loss) after taxation for the period

Other comprehensive income 
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to either profit or loss 
(Loss) / gain on available for sale financial assets
Exchange gain / (loss) on translation of foreign operations

Total comprehensive profit / (loss) for the period

Total profit / (loss) attributable to: 
– the equity holders of the parent company
– non-controlling interests

Total comprehensive profit / (loss) attributable to: 
– the equity holders of the parent company
– non-controlling interests

Profit / (loss) per share – basic and diluted
Loss per share continuing operations – basic and diluted

8
8

3,432
(4,344)

(912)
(8,195)
(1,206)
84
(264)
311
(2,798)
(4,322)

(9,107)
1
(845)
–

(9,951)
–

(9,951)
17,047

7,096

(3)
1,941

9,034

243
6,853

7,096

2,181
6,853

9,034

0.00
(0.16)

3,098 
(4,298) 

(1,200) 
(3,334) 
(1,401) 
(23) 
(27) 
129 
2,301 
(4,313) 

(4,534) 
– 
(708) 
(12,538) 

(17,780) 
– 

(17,780) 
2,305 

(15,475) 

3 
(1,435) 

(16,907) 

(17,295) 
1,820 

(15,475) 

(18,727) 
1,820 

(16,907) 

(0.36) 
(0.37) 

The accompanying accounting policies and notes on pages 33 to 69 form an integral part of these financial 
statements.

28  VAST RESOURCES

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 29

Group Statement of Changes in Equity 

for the period ended 30 April 2019

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The accompanying accounting policies and notes on pages 33 to 69 form an integral part of these financial 
statements.

VAST RESOURCES  29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 30

Company Statement of Changes in Equity 

for the period ended 30 April 2019

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The accompanying accounting policies and notes on pages 33 to 69 form an integral part of these financial 
statements.

30  VAST RESOURCES

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 31

Group and Company Statements of Financial Position 

As at 30 April 2019

30 Apr 2019
Group
$’000

31 Mar 2018
Group
$’000

30 Apr 2019
Company
$’000

31 Mar 2018 
Company 
$’000 

Note

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment
Investment in subsidiaries
Investment in joint ventures
Loans to group companies

Current assets 
Inventory
Receivables
Available for sale investments
Cash and cash equivalents

Total current assets

Total Assets

Equity and Liabilities 
Capital and reserves attributable to  
equity holders of the Parent 
Share capital
Share premium
Share option reserve
Foreign currency translation reserve
Available for sale reserve
EBT reserve
Retained deficit

Non-controlling interests

Total equity

Non-current liabilities 
Loans and borrowings
Provisions
Deferred tax liability

Current liabilities 
Loans and borrowings
Trade and other payables

Total current liabilities

Total liabilities

Total Equity and Liabilities

10

12
14

15
16

17
19

17
18

11,261
–
–
–

11,261

413
2,537
–
569

3,519

14,780

23,702
81,685
1,615
(722)
–
–
(100,937)

5,343
(41)

5,302

4,043
489
–

4,532

1,476
3,470

4,946

9,478

14,780

45,534

559
–

46,093

4,054
5,406
13
1,300

10,773

56,866

20,040
77,237
1,580
(2,663)
3
(3,942)
(97,688)

(5,433)
23,047

17,614

22,635
1,397
3,330

27,362

4,331
7,559

11,890

39,252

56,866

1
1,673
–
34,568

36,242

–
361
–
218

579

– 
1,583 
– 
25,179 

26,762 

– 
93 
3 
208 

304 

36,821

27,066 

23,702
81,685
1,615
(4,954)
–
–
(66,304)

35,744
–

35,744

–
–
–

–

309
768

1,077

1,077

36,821

20,040 
77,237 
1,580 
(4,954) 
(2) 
(3,942) 
(63,213) 

26,746 
– 

26,746 

– 
– 
– 

– 

– 
320 

320 

320 

27,066 

The accompanying accounting policies and notes on pages 33 to 69 form an integral part of these financial 
statements.  The  parent  Company  reported  a  loss  after  taxation  for  the  year  of  US$  3.237  million 
(2018: US$ 2.378 million). The financial statements on pages 28 to 69 were approved and authorised for issue 
by the Board of Directors on 29 September and were signed on its behalf by: 

Roy C. Tucker                                                                                                                                     Registered number 5414325 
Director 

29 September 2019

VAST RESOURCES  31

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp18-pp32.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 32

Group and Company Statements of Cash Flow 

for the period ended 30 April 2019

30 Apr 2019
Group
$’000

31 Mar 2018
Group
$’000

30 Apr 2019
Company
$’000

31 Mar 2018 
Company 
$’000 

(9,951)
17,047

(17,780)
6,099

(3,237)
–

(14,917) 
– 

CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 
Profit (loss) before taxation for the period 
– from continuing operations
– from discontinued operations
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation and impairment charges
(Profit) loss on sale of property, plant and equipment
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations
Loss on disposal of available for sale investments
Loss on disposal of interest in loans
Share option expense

Changes in working capital: 
Decrease (increase) in receivables
Decrease (increase) in inventories
Increase (decrease) in payables

Cash generated by / (used in) operations

4,554
(76)
(8,649)
10
–
264

3,199

2,140
1,290
(1,275)

2,155

5,354

Investing activities: 
(11,391)
Payments to acquire property, plant and equipment
(4,480)
Payments to acquire new subsidiary
–
Payments for investment in subsidiary
168
Proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment
–
Proceeds of third-party investment in subsidiary
Proceeds of disposal of available for sale investments
–
Net cash inflow on disposal of discontinued operations 1,592
221
Proceeds of derecognition of EBT reserve
–
Payments to acquire controlling interest in subsidiary
–
Proceeds of loan assignment
559
Decrease (increase) in investment in joint venture
–
(Increase) decrease in loans to group companies

Total cash used in investing activities

(13,331)

Financing Activities: 
Proceeds from the issue of ordinary shares
Proceeds from loans and borrowings granted
Repayment of loans and borrowings

Total proceeds from financing activities

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

8,110
6,165
(7,029)

7,246

(731)
1,300

569

2,862
22
–
–
12,538
27

3,768

8
(2,392)
(1,998)

(4,382)

(614)

(9,197)
–
–
107
1,700
–
–
–
(2,303)
2,300
(102)
–

(7,495)

3,055
9,177
(4,149)

8,083

(26)
1,326

1,300

–
(2)
–
–
–
264

– 
– 
– 
– 
12,538 
27 

(2,975)

(2,352) 

(268)
–
452

184

(2,791)

(1)
–
(90)
–
–
3
–
221
–
–
–
(5,752)

(5,619)

8,110
310
–

8,420

10
208

218

1,513 
– 
(127) 

1,386 

(966) 

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
(2,303) 
2,300 
– 
(3,117) 

(3,120) 

3,055 
– 
– 

3,055 

(1,031) 
1,239 

208 

The accompanying notes and accounting policies on pages 33 to 69 form an integral part of these financial 
statements.

32  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp33-pp40.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 33

Statement of Accounting Policies 

for the period ended 30 April 2019

General information  
Vast Resources plc and its subsidiaries (together “the Group”) are engaged principally in the exploration for and 
development of mineral projects in Sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe. Since incorporation the Group has 
built an extensive and interesting portfolio of projects in these jurisdictions. The Company’s ordinary shares are 
listed on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange. 

Vast Resources plc was incorporated as a public limited company under UK Company Law with registered 
number 05414325. It is domiciled and registered at 60 Gracechurch Street, London EC3V 0HR. 

Basis of preparation and going concern assessment 
The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial information are set out below. The 
policies have been consistently applied throughout the current year and prior year, unless otherwise stated. 
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
(IFRSs and IFRIC interpretations) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) as adopted by 
the European Union and with those parts of the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies preparing their 
accounts under IFRS.  

During the period, the Group changed its year end from 31 March 2019 to 30 April 2019. The consolidated 
financial  statements  incorporate  the  results  of  Vast  Resources  plc  and  its  subsidiary  undertakings  for  the 
thirteen-month period ended 30 April 2019 and are therefore not entirely comparable to the previous year’s 
results for the twelve-month period ended 31 March 2018. 

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention on a going concern basis. 

In April 2019 the Group disposed of its Zimbabwean gold operations to focus on its mining assets in Romania 
and its Marange diamond concession in Zimbabwe. The Group will require further funding in order to put these 
assets into production and to meet United Kingdom entity overheads and Romanian and Zimbabwean working 
capital needs. The Directors are confident that the Company will be able to raise such funds as it considers 
appropriate to meet such requirements over the course of the next 24 months, in cash. While no binding 
financing agreement is in place at the date of this Report, the Group is well advanced in the process of arranging 
new funding that will allow Vast to place the Baita Plai Polymetallic Mine (`BPPM’) into production and will 
enable the commencement of operations at the Group’s diamond concession, upon the imminent  issuance of 
a special grant. Upon successfully funding these key assets, the Group would then be in a position to focus 
resources to secure the necessary investment to upgrade the Manaila Polymetallic Mine (`MPM’) which is 
currently on care and maintenance. These conditions indicate the existence of material uncertainty which may 
cast significant doubt about the Group’s and Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.  The financial 
statements do not include the adjustment that would result if the Group and Company were unable to continue 
as a going concern. 

Changes in Accounting Policies 
At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, a number of Standards and Interpretations were in 
issue but were not yet effective. The Directors do not anticipate that the adoption of these standards and 
interpretations, or any of the amendments made to existing standards as a result of the annual improvements 
cycle, will have a material effect on the financial statements in the year of initial application. 

Areas of estimates and judgement 
The preparation of the Group financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles 
requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and 
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts 
of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on management’s 
best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results may ultimately differ from those estimates. The 
estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts 
of assets and liabilities in the next financial year are discussed below:

VAST RESOURCES  33

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp33-pp40.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 34

Statement of Accounting Policies 

continued

Impairment of intangibles and mining assets 

a)
The Group reviews, on an annual basis, whether deferred exploration costs, acquired either as intangible assets, 
as  property,  plant  and  equipment,  or  as  mining  options  or  licence  acquisition  costs,  have  suffered  any 
impairment. The recoverable amounts are determined based on an assessment of the economically recoverable 
mineral reserves, the ability of the Group to obtain the necessary financing to complete the development of 
the reserves and future profitable production or proceeds from the disposition of recoverable reserves. Actual 
outcomes may vary. In the event that the Group is unable to secure financing for developing its Romanian assets, 
US$ 5.1 million of mining assets would be impaired. The disposal value of the remaining fixed assets held by 
the Group’s Romanian operations is not easily quantifiable  

Going concern and Inter-company loan recoverability 

b)
The Group's cash flow projections, which have used conservative assumptions on forward commodity prices, 
indicate that the Group should have sufficient resources to continue as a going concern, although, as stated in 
the Principal Risks section of the Strategic Report and the basis of preparation and going concern assessment 
above, the Group will require additional funding for its near-term investment plans. While the Group is confident 
of its capacity to raise this funding, should it not materialise, or if the projections not be realised, the Group's 
going concern would depend on the success of future fund-raising initiatives. These conditions indicate the 
existence of material uncertainty which may cast significant doubt about the Group’s and Company’s ability to 
continue as a going concern. 

The  recoverability  of  inter-Company  loans  advanced  by  the  Company  to  subsidiaries  depends  also  on  the 
subsidiaries realising their cash flow projections. 

Estimates of fair value 

c)
The Group may enter into financial instruments, which are required by IFRS to be recorded at fair value within the 
financial  statements.  In  determining  the  fair  value  of  such  instruments,  the  Directors  are  required  to  apply 
judgement in selecting the inputs used in valuation models such as the Black Scholes or Monte Carlo models. Inputs 
over which the Directors may be required to form judgements related to volatility, vesting periods, risk free interest 
rates, commodity price assumptions and discount rates. In addition, where a valuation requires more complex fair 
value considerations the Directors may appoint third party advisers to assist in the determination of fair value.  

The fair value measurement of the Group’s financial and non-financial assets and liabilities utilises market observable 
inputs and data as far as possible. Inputs used in determining fair value measurements are categorised into different 
levels based on how observable the inputs used in the valuation technique utilised are (the ‘fair value hierarchy’): 

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical items (unadjusted). 

Level 2: Observable direct or indirect inputs other than Level 1 inputs. 

Level 3: Unobservable inputs (i.e. not derived from market data). 

The classification of an item into the above levels is based on the lowest level of the inputs used that has a 
significant effect on the fair value measurement of the item. 

Provisions 

d)
The Group is required to estimate the cost of its obligations to realise and rehabilitate its mining properties. 

The estimation of the cost of complying with the Group’s obligations at future dates and in economically 
unpredictable  regions,  and  the  application  of  appropriate  discount  rates  thereto,  gives  rise  to  significant 
estimation uncertainties. 

VAT recoverable 

e)
In countries where the Group has productive mining operations carried out by its subsidiaries those subsidiaries 
are registered for Value Added Tax (VAT) with their respective local taxation authorities and, as their outputs 
are predominantly zero-rated for VAT, receive net refunds of VAT in respect of input tax borne on their inputs. 
This amount is carried as a receivable until refunded by the State 

The amount carried as a receivable is determined in accordance with the returns submitted to the taxation 
authorities.  

34  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp33-pp40.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 35

Basis of consolidation 
Where the Company has control over an investee, it is classified as a subsidiary. The Company controls an 
investee if all three of the following elements are present: power over the investee, exposure to variable returns 
from the investee, and the ability of the investor to use its power to affect those variable returns. Control is 
reassessed whenever facts and circumstances indicate that there may be a change in any of these elements of 
control. 

De-facto control exists in situations where the Company has the practical ability to direct the relevant activities 
of the investee without holding the majority of the voting rights. In determining whether de-facto control exists 
the Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances, including: 

•

•

•

•

The size of the Company’s voting rights relative to both the size and dispersion of other parties who also 
hold voting rights. 

Substantive potential voting rights held by the Company and by other parties. 

Other contractual arrangements. 

Historic patterns in voting attendance. 

The consolidated financial statements present the results of the Company and its subsidiaries ("the Group") as 
if they formed a single entity. Inter-company transactions and balances between Group companies are therefore 
eliminated in full. 

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results of business combinations using the acquisition 
method. In the statement of financial position, the acquiree's identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent 
liabilities are initially recognised at their fair values at the acquisition date. The results of acquired operations 
are  included  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  comprehensive  income  from  the  date  on  which  control  is 
obtained. They are deconsolidated from the date on which control ceases. 

Business combinations 
The financial information incorporates the results of business combinations using the purchase method. In the 
statement of changes in equity, the acquirer’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are initially 
recognised at their fair values at the acquisition date. The results of acquired operations are included in the 
Group statement of comprehensive income from the date on which control is obtained. The assets acquired 
have been valued at their fair value. Any excess of consideration paid over the fair value of the net assets 
acquired is allocated to goodwill. Any excess fair value over the consideration paid is considered to be negative 
goodwill and is immediately recorded within the income statement. 

Where business combinations are discontinued, whether by closure or disposal to third parties, any resultant 
gain or loss on the discontinued operation is identified separately and dealt with in the Group’s consolidated 
income statement as a separate item. 

Financial instruments 
IFRS 9 supersedes IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement with new requirements for the 
classification and measurement of financial assets and liabilities, impairment of financial assets and hedge 
accounting. 

IFRS 9 introduces a new forward-looking impairment model based on expected credit losses to replace the 
incurred loss model in IAS 39. This determines the recognition of impairment provisions as well as interest 
revenue. 

The Group adopted IFRS 9 from 1 April 2018 with retrospective effect in accordance with the transitional 
provisions. 

The Group’s principal financial assets are cash and cash equivalents and receivables. 

VAST RESOURCES  35

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp33-pp40.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 36

Statement of Accounting Policies 

continued

The Group has assessed the impact of IFRS 9 on the impairment of its financial assets and has concluded that 
the change in the impairment is immaterial. 

While cash and cash equivalents are also subject to the impairment requirements of IFRS 9, the identified 
impairment loss was immaterial. 

The Group's financial assets consist of cash and cash equivalents and other receivables. The Group's accounting 
policy for each category of financial asset is as follows: 

Financial assets held at amortised cost 
Trade receivables and other receivables are classified as financial assets held at amortised cost. They are initially 
recognised at fair value plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to their acquisition or issue and are 
subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for impairment. 

Impairment provisions are recognised when there is objective evidence (such as significant financial difficulties 
on the part of the counterparty or default or significant delay in payment) that the Group will be unable to 
collect all of the amounts due under the terms receivable, the amount of such a provision being the difference 
between the net carrying amount and the present value of the future expected cash flows associated with the 
impaired  receivable.  For  receivables,  which  are  reported  net,  such  provisions  are  recorded  in  a  separate 
allowance  account  with  the  loss  being  recognised  within  administrative  expenses  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income. On confirmation that the receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of 
the asset is written off against the associated provision. 

The Group’s financial assets held at amortised cost comprise other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in 
the statement of financial position. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
These amounts comprise cash on hand and balances with banks. Cash equivalents are short term, highly liquid 
accounts that are readily converted to known amounts of cash. They include short-term bank deposits and short-
term investments. 

Any cash or bank balances that are subject to any restrictive conditions, such as cash held in escrow pending 
the conclusion of conditions precedent to completion of a contract, are disclosed separately as “Restricted 
cash”. 

There is no significant difference between the carrying value and fair value of receivables. 

Financial liabilities 
The Group’s financial liabilities consist of trade and other payables (including short terms loans) and long term 
secured borrowings. These are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost, using 
the effective interest method. Where any liability carries a right to convertibility into shares in the Group, the 
fair value of the equity and liability portions of the liability is determined at the date that the convertible 
instrument is issued, by use of appropriate discount factors. 

Foreign currency 
The functional currency of the Company and all of its subsidiaries outside Romania is the United States Dollar, 
while the functional currency of the Company’s Romanian subsidiaries is the Romanian Lei (RON), these are the 
currencies of the primary economic environment in which the Company and its subsidiaries operate. 

Transactions entered into by the Group entities in a currency other than the currency of the primary economic 
environment  in  which  it  operates  (the  “functional  currency”)  are  recorded  at  the  rates  ruling  when  the 
transactions occur. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the rates ruling at the date 
of the statement of financial position.  Exchange differences arising on the retranslation of unsettled monetary 
assets and liabilities are similarly recognised immediately in profit or loss, except for foreign currency borrowings 
qualifying as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation.

36  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp33-pp40.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 37

The exchange rates applied at each reporting date were as follows: 

•

•

•

30 April 2019

$1.3036: £1 and $1: RON 4.2440 and $1: RTGS 3.2641 

31 March 2018

$1.4012: £1 and $1: RON 3.7779 and $1: RTGS 1 

31 March 2017

$1.2253: £1 and $1: RON 4.2615 and $1: RTGS 1 

On 22 February 2019 all US dollar balances in Zimbabwe were restated as RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) 
balances, as a separate and distinct currency tradeable against the US dollar. The initial inter-bank trading rate 
with the US dollar was US$ 1: RTGS 2.5. 

Intangible assets - Mining rights 
Mineral rights are recorded at cost less amortisation and provision for diminution in value. Amortisation will be 
over the estimated life of the commercial ore reserves on a unit of production basis. 

Licences for the exploration of natural resources will be amortised over the lower of the life of the licence and 
the estimated life of the commercial ore reserves on a unit of production basis. 

Inventories 
Inventories are initially recognised at cost, and subsequently at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost 
comprises all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their 
present  location  and  condition.  Weighted  average  cost  is  used  to  determine  the  cost  of  ordinarily  inter-
changeable items. 

Mining inventory includes run of mine stockpiles, minerals in circuit, finished goods and consumables. Stockpiles, 
minerals in circuit and finished goods are valued at their cost of production to their point in process using a 
weighted average cost of production, or net realisable value, whichever is the lower. Low grade stockpiles are 
only recognised as an asset when there is evidence to support the fact that some economic benefit will flow to 
the Company on the sale of such inventory. Consumables are valued at their cost of acquisition, or net realisable 
value, whichever is the lower.  

Investment in subsidiaries 
The Company’s investment in its subsidiaries is recorded at cost less any impairment.  

Non-controlling interests 
For business combinations completed on or after 1 January 2010 the Group has the choice, on a transaction by 
transaction basis, to initially recognise any non-controlling interest in the acquiree which is a present ownership 
interest and entitles its holders to a proportionate share of the entity's net assets in the event of liquidation at 
either acquisition date fair value or, at the present ownership instruments' proportionate share in the recognised 
amounts  of  the  acquiree's  identifiable  net  assets.  Other  components  of  non-controlling  interest  such  as 
outstanding share options are generally measured at fair value.  

The total comprehensive income of non-wholly owned subsidiaries is attributed to owners of the parent and to 
the non-controlling interests in proportion to their relative ownership interests. 

Revenue 
Revenue from the sales of goods is recognised when the Group has transferred the significant risks and rewards of 
ownership to the buyer and it is probable that the Group will receive the previously agreed upon payment. These 
criteria are considered to be met when the goods are delivered to the buyer. Where the buyer has a right of return, 
the Group defers recognition of revenue until the right to return has lapsed. However, where high volumes of sales 
are made to established wholesale customers, revenue is recognised in the period where the goods are delivered 
less an appropriate provision for returns based on past experience. Delivery of gold and metal concentrates is the 
Group’s single performance obligation under its contracts with its customers. The same policy applies to warranties. 

VAST RESOURCES  37

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp33-pp40.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 38

Statement of Accounting Policies 

continued

Under IFRS 15, the freight service on export commodity contracts with CIF/CFR terms represents a separate 
performance obligation, and a portion of the revenue earned under these contracts, representing the obligation 
to perform the freight service, is deferred and recognised over time as this obligation is fulfilled, along with the 
associated costs for which the point of recognition is dependent on the contract sales terms. The Group’s agreed 
terms with Mercuria, currently its sole buyer of concentrates, require that the seller must contract for and pay 
the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. The impact of applying 
this methodology versus that currently adopted by the Group during the year ended 30th April 2019 is not 
material as the transfer of risks and rewards generally coincides with the transfer of control at a point in time. 
The timing and amount of revenue recognised by the Group for the sale of commodities is therefore not 
materially affected. The Group’s gold sales, which form part of discontinued operations, were also not affected 
by this standard.  

Provided the amount of revenue can be measured reliably and it is probable that the Group will receive any 
consideration, revenue for services is recognised in the period in which they are rendered. 

Pension costs 
Contributions to defined contribution pension schemes are charged to profit or loss in the year to which they 
relate. 

Production expenses 
Production expenses include all direct costs of production but exclude depreciation of property plant and 
equipment involved in the mining process, and mine and Company overhead. 

Property, plant and equipment 
Land  is  not  depreciated.  Items  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  initially  recognised  at  cost  and  are 
subsequently carried at depreciated cost. As well as the purchase price, cost includes directly attributable costs 
and the estimated present value of any future costs of dismantling and removing items. The corresponding 
liability is recognised within provisions. 

Depreciation is provided on all other items of property and equipment so as to write off the carrying value of 
items over their expected useful economic lives. It is applied at the following rates: 

Buildings

Plant and machinery 

Fixtures, fittings & equipment 

Computer assets 

Motor vehicles 

–

–

–

–

–

2.5% per annum, straight line 

15% per annum, reducing balance 

20% per annum, reducing balance 

33.33% per annum, straight line 

15% per annum, reducing balance 

Development costs associated with the development of the Zimbabwean diamond project have been expensed 
as the concession has yet to receive a Special Grant. 

Capital works in progress: Property, plant and equipment under construction are carried at its accumulated cost 
of construction and not depreciated until such time as construction is completed or the asset put into use, 
whichever is the earlier. 

Proved mining properties 
Depletion and amortisation of the full-cost pools is computed using the units-of-production method based on 
proved reserves as determined annually by management. 

38  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp33-pp40.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 39

Provision for rehabilitation of mining assets 
Provision  for  the  rehabilitation  of  a  mining  property  on  the  cessation  of  mining  is  recognised  from  the 
commencement of mining activities. This provision accounts for the full cost to rehabilitate the mine according 
to good practice guidelines in the country where the mine is located, which may involve more than the stipulated 
minimum legal commitment. 

When accounting for the provision the Company recognises a provision for the full cost to rehabilitate the mine 
and  a  matching  asset  accounted  for  within  the  non-current  mining  asset.  The  rehabilitation  provision  is 
discounted using a risk-free rate, which is linked to the currency in which the costs are expected to be incurred, 
and the applicable inflation rate applied to the cash flows. The unwinding of the discounting effect is recognised 
within finance expenses in the income statement. 

Share based payments 

Equity-settled share-based payments 
Where share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged to 
profit or loss over the vesting period. Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the 
number of equity instruments expected to vest at each reporting date so that, ultimately, the cumulative 
amount recognised over the vesting period is based on the number of options that eventually vest. Market 
vesting conditions are factored into the fair value of the options granted. As long as all other vesting conditions 
are  satisfied,  a  charge  is  made  irrespective  of  whether  the  market  vesting  conditions  are  satisfied.  The 
cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition. 

Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the 
options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to profit or loss over the 
remaining vesting period. 

Where equity instruments are granted to persons other than employees, the fair value of goods and services 
received is charged to profit or loss, except where it is in respect to costs associated with the issue of shares, in 
which case, it is charged to the share premium account. 

Cash-settled share-based payments 
The Company also has cash-settled share-based payments arising in respect of a performance programme (see 
Note 22). A liability is recognised in respect of the fair-value of the benefit received under the programme and 
charged to profit or loss over the vesting period. The fair-value is re-measured at each reporting date with any 
changes taken to profit or loss. 

Remuneration shares 
Where remuneration shares are issued to settle liabilities to employees and consultants, any difference between 
the fair value of the shares on the date of issue and the carrying amount of the liability is charged to profit or 
loss.  

Stripping costs 
Costs incurred in stripping the overburden to gain access to mineral ore deposits are accounted for as follows: 

Stripping costs incurred during the development phase of the mine (before production begins) are capitalised 
as part of the depreciable cost of building, developing and constructing the mine. Capitalised costs are amortised 
using the units of production method, once production begins. 

VAST RESOURCES  39

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp33-pp40.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 40

Statement of Accounting Policies 

continued

Stripping costs incurred during the production phase of the mine which give rise to the production of usable 
inventory are accounted for in accordance with the principles contained in the Group’s policy on Inventories.  
Stripping  costs  incurred  in  the  production  phase  of  the  mine  which  result  in  improved  access  to  ore  are 
capitalized  and  recognized  as  additions  to  non-current  assets  provided  that  it  is  probable  that  the  future 
economic benefit from improved access to the ore body associated with the stripping activity will flow to the 
Company, that it is possible to identify the component of the ore body to which access has been improved and 
that the costs relating to the stripping activity associated with that component of the ore body can be measured 
reliably. 

Tax 
The major components of income tax on the profit or loss include current and deferred tax. 

Current tax 
Current  tax  is  based  on  the  profit  or  loss  adjusted  for  items  that  are  non-assessable  or  disallowed  and  is 
calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.  

Tax is charged or credited to the statement of comprehensive income, except when the tax relates to items 
credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the tax is also dealt with in equity. 

Deferred tax 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised where the carrying amount of an asset or liability in the 
statement of financial position differs to its tax base, except for differences arising on: 

•

•

•

The initial recognition of goodwill; 

The initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction which is not a business combination and at 
the time of the transaction affects neither accounting or taxable profit; and 

Investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities where the Group is able to control the timing of 
the reversal of the difference and it is probable that the differences will not reverse in the foreseeable 
future. 

Recognition of deferred tax assets is restricted to those instances where it is probable that taxable profit will 
be available against which the difference can be utilised. 

The amount of the asset or liability is determined using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively 
enacted  by  the  reporting  date  and  are  expected  to  apply  when  deferred  tax  liabilities/(assets)  are 
settled/(recovered). Deferred tax balances are not discounted. 

New IFRS accounting standards 
The following are the major new IFRS accounting standards in issue and effective from 1 January 2019 

IFRS 16 Leases 
The principal impact of IFRS 16 will be to change the accounting treatment by lessees of leases currently 
classified as operating leases. Lease agreements will give rise to the recognition by the lessee of an asset, 
representing the right to use the leased item, and a related liability for future lease payments. Lease costs will 
be recognised in the income statement in the form of depreciation of the right of use asset over the lease term, 
and finance charges representing the unwind of the discount on the lease liability. The adoption of IFRS 16 does 
not materially impact the carrying value of lease liabilities given the Group’s negligible leasing exposure.  

40  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp41-pp50.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 41

Notes to Financial Statements 

for the period ended 30 April 2019

1. Segmental analysis 
The Group operates in one business segment, the development and mining of mineral assets. The Group has 
interests in two geographical segments being Southern Africa (primarily Zimbabwe) and Europe (primarily 
Romania). 

The Group’s operations are reviewed by the Board (which is considered to be the Chief Operating Decision Maker 
(‘CODM’)) and split between mining exploration and development and administration and corporate costs. 

Exploration and development is reported to the CODM only on the basis of those costs incurred directly on 
projects. All costs incurred on the projects are capitalised in accordance with IFRS 6, including depreciation 
charges in respect of tangible assets used on the projects. 

Administration and corporate costs are further reviewed on the basis of spend across the Group. 

Decisions are made about where to allocate cash resources based on the status of each project and according 
to the Group’s strategy to develop the projects. Each project, if taken into commercial development, has the 
potential to be a separate operating segment. Operating segments are disclosed below on the basis of the split 
between exploration and development and administration and corporate. 

Continuing operations

Discontinued operations 

                                                           Mining, exploration                                                       Mining, exploration  
                                                             and development     Admin and                                 and development      Admin and  
                                                             Europe            Africa    corporate              Total          Europe            Africa    corporate              Total  
                                                                $’000             $’000             $’000             $’000             $’000             $’000             $’000             $’000  

Thirteen months to  
30 April 2019  
Revenue
Production costs
Gross profit (loss)
Depreciation
Profit (loss) on sale of  
property, plant and  
equipment
Share option and  
warrant expense
Sundry income
Exchange (loss) gain
Other administrative  
and overhead expenses
Finance income
Finance expense
Profit on disposal of  
discontinued operations
Taxation (charge)
Profit (loss) for the  
year from continuing  
operations

30 April 2019 
Total assets
Total non-current assets
Additions to non-current  
assets
Total current assets
Total liabilities

3,328
(4,344)
(1,016)
(1,200)

86

–
311
(2,283)

(1,516)
–
(413)

–
–

(6,031)

13,611
11,220

1,684
2,441
8,434

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–

–
–
–

–
–

–

–
–

–
–
–

104
–
104
(6)

3,432                    –
(4,344)                   –
(912)                   –
(1,206)                   –

31,243
(18,527)
12,716
(3,348)

(2)

84                    –

(8)

(264)
–
(515)

(264)                   –
311                    –
(2,798)                   –

(2,806)
1
(432)

(4,322)                   –
1                    –
(845)                   –

–
670
6,494

(4,894)
2
(1,014)

–
–

–                    –
–                    –

8,649
(1,408)

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
(779)

(22)
–
–

–
(11)

31,243 
(18,527) 
12,716 
(3,348) 

(8) 

– 
670 
5,715 

(4,916) 
2 
(1,014) 

8,649 
(1,419) 

(3,920)

(9,951)                   –

17,859

(812)

17,047 

1,169
41

53
1,078
1,044

14,780                    –
11,261                    –

–
–

1,737                    –
3,519                    –
9,478                    –

14,371
– 
–

–
–

–

–

– 
– 

14,371 

– 

VAST RESOURCES  41

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp41-pp50.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 42

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

1. Segmental analysis continued

Continuing operations

Discontinued operations 

                                                           Mining, exploration                                                       Mining, exploration  
                                                             and development     Admin and                                 and development      Admin and  
                                                             Europe            Africa    corporate              Total          Europe            Africa    corporate              Total  
                                                                $’000             $’000             $’000             $’000             $’000             $’000             $’000             $’000  

12 Months to  
31 March 2018 
Revenue
Production costs
Gross profit (loss)
Depreciation
Profit (loss) on sale of  
property, plant and  
equipment
Share option and  
warrant expense
Sundry income
Exchange (loss) gain
Other administrative  
and overhead expenses
Finance income
Finance expense
Loss on disposal of  
subsidiary company loans
Taxation (charge)
Profit (loss) for the year  
from continuing  
operations

31 March 2018 
Total assets
Total non-current assets
Additions to non-current  
assets
Total current assets
Total liabilities

3,098
(4,298)
(1,200)
(1,398)

(23)

–
129
1,451

(1,700)
–
(708)

–
–

(3,449)

14,976
11,669

3,134
3,186
9,686

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–

–
–
–

–
–

–
–

–
–
–

–
–
–
(3)

3,098                    –
(4,298)                   –
(1,200)                   –
(1,401)                   –

27,590
(19,114)
8,476
(1,460)

–

(23)                   –

(27)

850

(27)                   –
129                    –
2,301                    –

(2,613)
–
–

(4,313)                   –
–                    –
(708)                   –

1

–
342
–

(741)
42
(462)

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–

(67)
–
(32)

27,590 
(19,114) 
8,476 
(1,460) 

1 

– 
342 
– 

(808) 
42 
(494) 

(12,538)
–

(12,538)                   –
–                    –

–
(3,794)

–
–

– 
(3,794) 

(14,331)

(17,780)                     

2,404

(99)

2,305 

320
16

–
425
327

15,296                    –
11,685                    –

41,306
34,409

264
(1)

41,570 
34,408 

3,134                    –
3,611                    –
10,013                    –

6,063
6,898
14,379

–
264
14,860

6,063 
7,162 
29,239 

There are no non-current assets held in the Company’s country of domicile, being the United Kingdom (2018: $nil).  

Revenue analysis by geographical location, product and customer 

Gold bullion
Mineral concentrates
Other

2019

2018 

Group
$’000
Romania

–
3,328
104

3,432

Group
$’000
Zimbabwe

31,243
–
–

31,243

Group
$’000
Romania

–
3,098
–

3,098

Group 
$’000 
Zimbabwe 

27,590 
– 
– 

27,590 

100% of gold bullion and mineral concentrate sales (2018: 100%) in both Romania and Zimbabwe were made 
to a single customer in each respective country. 

Romanian revenues form part of continuing operations. All Zimbabwean revenues form part of discontinued 
operations. 

42  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp41-pp50.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 43

2. Group loss from operations 

Operating loss is stated after charging/(crediting): 
Auditors’ remuneration (note 3)
Depreciation
Employee pension costs
Share option expense
Foreign exchange loss/(gain)
(Gain)/loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment

3. Auditor’s remuneration from continuing operations 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of the Company’s  
annual accounts
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for other services: 
– Audit of the accounts of subsidiaries
– Other services

Auditors remuneration from discontinued operations

4. Finance expense from continuing operations 

Interest paid on secured borrowings
Interest paid on unsecured borrowings
Interest paid on convertible loan

Finance expense from discontinued operations

2019
Group
$’000

105
1,206
43
264
2,798
(84)

2019
Group
$’000

59

46
–

105

33

2019
Group
$’000

770
–
75

845

1,014

5. Taxation 
There was no taxation charge for continuing operations during the year (2018: US$ nil). 

Taxation from discontinued activities was as follows: 

Income tax on profits
Deferred tax charge

Tax charge (credit)

2019
Group
$’000

485
934

1,419

2018 
Group 
$’000 

129  
1,401  
61  
27  
(2,301) 
23  

2018
Group 
$’000 

83 

46 
– 

129 

22 

2018 
Group 
$’000 

698 
10 
– 

708 

494 

2018 
Group 
$’000 

– 
3,794 

3,794 

VAST RESOURCES  43

  
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp41-pp50.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 44

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

5. Taxation continued

Deferred  tax  assets  are  only  recognised  in  the  Group  where  the  company  concerned  has  a  reasonable 
expectation of future profits against which the deferred tax asset may be recovered. 

The tax assessed for the year is lower than the standard rate of corporation tax in  
the UK. The differences are explained as follows: 
Profit/(loss) before taxation
Profit/(loss) before taxation at the standard rate of corporation tax in the  
UK of 19% (2018: 19%)
Difference in tax rates in foreign jurisdictions
Income not chargeable to tax
Expenses not allowed for tax
Short term timing differences
Loss carried forward
Income tax charge on profits

Factors that may affect future tax charges: 

2019
Group
$’000

2018 
Group 
$’000 

8,515

(11,681) 

1,618
2,007
(4,629)
1,308
(1,056)
(1,237)
485

(2,219) 
690 
(227) 
350 
(1,795) 
(3,201) 
– 

Tax losses

Accumulated tax losses

2019
Group
$’000

49,558

2018
Group
$’000

61,423

2019
Company
$’000

31,152

2018 
Company 
$’000 

28,903  

However, these losses will only be recoverable against future profits, the timing of which is uncertain, and a 
deferred  tax  asset  has  not  been  recognised  in  respect  of  these  losses.  A  deferred  tax  asset  has  not  been 
recognised in respect of accumulated tax losses for the Company. 

6. Employees from both continuing and discontinued operations 

                                                                                                                                                Dis-                                                                                 Dis- 
                                                                                Group        Continuing          continued                 Group        Continuing          continued 
                                                                                  $’000                   $’000                   $’000                   $’000                   $’000                   $’000 

2019

2018 

Staff costs (including directors)  
consist of: 
Wages and salaries – management         1,383                    753                    630                    987                    513
Wages and salaries – other                        6,057                 2,444                 3,613                 4,224                 2,523

                                                                            7,440                 3,197                 4,243                 5,211                 3,036

Consultancy fees                                           1,057                    754                    303                 1,419                    912
Social Security costs                                         257                    165                       92                    229                    162
Healthcare costs                                                     –                          –                          –                          –                          – 
Pension costs                                                     201                       43                    158                    213                       61

                                                                            8,955                 4,159                 4,796                 7,072                 4,171

The average number of employees (including directors) during the year was as follows: 

Management                                                        19                       11                         8                       15                         9
Other operations                                              590                    208                    382                    371                    213

                                                                               609                    219                    390                    386                    222

474 
1,701 

2,175 

507 
67 

152 

2,901 

6 
158 

164

44  VAST RESOURCES

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp41-pp50.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 45

7. Directors’ remuneration 

Directors’ emoluments
Company contributions to pension schemes

Directors and key management remuneration

2019
Group
$’000

697
–

697

2018 
Group 
$’000 

402 
14 

416 

The Directors are considered to be the key management of the Group and Company. 

Four of the Directors at the end of the period have share options receivable under long term incentive schemes. 
The highest paid Director received an amount of $244,166 over the thirteen-month period (2018: $196,359). 

Included within the above remuneration are amounts accrued at 30 April 2019. 

8. Earnings per share 
Profit and loss per ordinary share has been calculated using the weighted average number of ordinary shares 
in issue during the relevant financial year.  

The weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue for the period is:
Profit/(loss) for the period ($’000)
Profit/(loss) per share basic and diluted (cents)
Profit/(loss) from continuing operations for the period ($’000)
Profit/(loss) per share basic and diluted continuing operations (cents)
Profit/(loss) from discontinued operations for the period ($’000)
Profit/(loss) per share basic and diluted discontinued operations (cents)

The effect of all potentially dilutive share options is anti-dilutive. 

30 Apr 2019
Group

31 Mar 2018 
Group 

5,887,042,985
243
0.00
(9,649)
(0.16)
9,892
0.17

4,821,870,747 
(17,295) 
(0.36) 
(17,898) 
(0.37) 
603 
0.01 

9. Loss for the financial year 
The Company has adopted the exemption allowed under Section 408(1b) of the Companies Act 2006 and has 
not presented its own income statement in these financial statements. 

VAST RESOURCES  45

  
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp41-pp50.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 46

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

10. Property, plant and equipment 

Group                                                                                                                                           Buildings 
                                                                                          Fixtures,                                                           and                              Capital  
                                                           Plant and       fittings and   Computer          Motor     Improve-         Mining       Work in 
                                                         machinery        equipment          assets      vehicles          ments          assets     progress            Total 
                                                                   $’000                   $’000            $’000            $’000            $’000            $’000            $’000            $’000 

Cost at  
1 April 2017                                       8,401
Additions during the year                 811
Reclassification                                9,942
Disposals during the year                (131)
Impairment                                                –
Foreign exchange  
movements                                           224

202             227             605          3,231
53             109                94                33
(30)              30                   –             242
(62)             (78)             (60)             (28)
–                  –                   –              (34)

24,946          6,382
1,908          6,189
194      (10,378)
(2)                 –
–                   –

43,994 
9,197 
– 
(361) 
(34) 

7                  3                60             296

385                50

1,025 

Cost at 31 March 2018              19,247

170             291             699          3,740

27,431          2,243

53,821 

Additions during the  
period                                                  1,392
Acquired through  
business combination                    2,812
Reclassification                                    246
Disposals during  
the period                                               (14)
Discontinued operations           (20,142)
Foreign exchange  
movements                                         (338)

103             118             313             176

5,428          3,861

11,391 

21             102                  2          1,790
–                  –                   –             134

–                   –
–            (380)

4,727 
– 

–                  –                   –              (82)
(243)          (382)           (707)       (2,240)

–                   –
(26,188)       (2,830)

(96) 
(52,732) 

(5)             (11)             (62)           (306)

(497)           (110)

(1,329) 

Cost at 30 April 2019                   3,203

46             118             245          3,212

6,174          2,784

15,782 

Depreciation at  
1 April 2017                                    2,963
Charge for the year                         1,826
Disposals during the year                  (91)
Foreign exchange  
movements                                           100

Depreciation  
at 31 March 2018                           4,798

Charge for the year                         2,710
Acquired through  
business combination                          52
Disposals during the  
period                                                         (4)
Discontinued operations             (5,402)
Foreign exchange  
movements                                         (201)

Depreciation at  
30 April 2019                                   1,953

Net book value  
at 31 March 2018                        14,449

Net book value  
at 31 April 2019                              1,250

119             139             283             345
21               79             114             152
(62)             (78)             (34)                (1)

978             604
670                   –
–                   –

5,431 
2,862 
(266) 

5                  –                42                42

71                   –

260 

83             140             405             538

1,719             604

44             162             100             210

1,222             106

8,287  

4,554  

–                  9                   –                   –

–                   –

61  

–                  –                   –                   –
(84)          (238)           (319)             (68)

–                   –
(1,828)                 –

(4) 
(7,939) 

(8)               (7)             (54)             (95)

(73)                 –

(438) 

35               66             132             585

1,040             710

4,521  

87             151             294          3,202

25,712          1,639

45,534  

11               52             113          2,627

5,134          2,074

11,261  

46  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp41-pp50.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 47

Company

Plant and
machinery
$’000

Fixtures,
fittings and
equipment
$’000

Computer
assets
$’000

Motor
vehicles
$’000

Buildings 
and 
Improve- 
ments
$’000

Cost at 31 March 2017
Additions during the year
Disposals during the year

Cost at 31 March 2018

Additions during the period
Disposals during the period

Cost at 30 April 2019

Depreciation at 31 March 2017
Charge for the year
Disposals during the year

Depreciation at 31 March 2018

Charge for the period
Disposals during the period

Depreciation at 30 April 2019

Net book value at 31 March 2018

Net book value at 30 April 2019

30
–
–

30

–
–

30

30
–
–

30

–
–

30

–

–

11. Investments in subsidiaries 

Cost at the beginning of the year
Additions during the year

Cost at the end of the year

5
–
–

5

–
–

5

5
–
–

5

–
–

5

–

–

23
–
–

23

1
–

24

23
–
–

23

–
–

23

–

1

–
–
–

–

–
–

–

–
–
–

–

–
–

–

–

–

–
–
–

–

–
–

–

–
–
–

–

–
–

–

–

–

Total 
$’000 

58 
– 
– 

58 

1 
– 

59 

58 
– 
– 

58 

– 
– 

58 

– 

1 

2019
Company
$’000

1,583
90

1,673

2018
Company 
$’000 

218  
1,365  

1,583  

The principal subsidiaries of Vast Resources plc, all of which are included in these consolidated Annual Financial 
Statements, are as follows: 

Country of
registration

Class

Proportion
held
by group
2019

Proportion  
held by  
group
2018

Nature of  
business 

Company

African Consolidated Resources
SRL
Millwall International
Investments Limited 
Moorestown Limited

Romania

Ordinary

80%

80%

BVI

BVI

Ordinary

100%

100%

Ordinary

100%

100%

Sinarom Mining Group SRL

Romania

Ordinary

100%

100%

Vast Resources Romania Ltd

Vast Resources Zimbabwe
(Private) Limited

United
Kingdom 
Zimbabwe

Ordinary

100%

100%

Ordinary

100%

100%

Mining exploration and 
development 
Holding company 

Mining exploration and 
development 
Mining exploration and 
development 
Holding company 

Mining exploration and  
development 

The table above shows the principal subsidiaries of the Company. A full list of all group subsidiaries is given in 
Note 28, at the end of this report. 

VAST RESOURCES  47

  
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp41-pp50.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 48

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

12. Investment in joint venture and subsidiary company 
On 1 April 2018 the Group acquired a 25.01% interest in Delta Gold (Private) Limited (“Delta”) for US$ 4.5 million 
which was held indirectly through the Group’s interest in Dallaglio Investments (Private) Limited (“Dallaglio”). 
Delta is incorporated in Zimbabwe and is the owner of the Eureka Gold Mine which at the time of the acquisition 
was on care and maintenance. The goodwill arising on this transaction was US$ 0.6 million 

The Group previously held a 25.01% interest in a Joint venture, Cordillera (Private) Limited (Cordillera), which 
was indirectly held through the Group’s interest in Breckridge Investments (Private) Limited, the operating 
company for the Pickstone Peerless mine in Zimbabwe. Cordillera is incorporated in Zimbabwe and its main 
interest is the provision of custom milling services to artisanal miners operating in the vicinity of the Pickstone 
Peerless Gold Mine. On 1 April 2018 the Joint Venture was fully absorbed into the operations of Breckridge 
Investments (Private) Limited. 

Both of these investments have been disposed of as part of the Group’s disposal of its gold operations in 
Zimbabwe. The associated fixed asset additions associated with these investments are disclosed within the fixed 
asset note.  

No detailed disclosures have been made of these transactions as, in the opinion of the Directors, they are not 
material to the financial statements. 

13. Profit after taxation from discontinued operations 
On 23rd April 2019, the Group disposed of its remaining 25.01% interest in Dallaglio Investments (Private) 
Limited, the holding company for the Pickstone Peerless and Eureka Gold mines in Zimbabwe. On 24th April 
2019, the group disposed of its 100% interest in Canape Investments (Private) Limited, the holding company 
for its gold investments in Zimbabwe. The aggregate consideration received for these disposals was $3.5 million. 

The amounts included within the profit (loss) after taxation from discontinued operations are as follows: 

Gain on disposal of operations
Profit after tax from discontinued operations before Zimbabwe dollar devaluation
Profit after tax from discontinued operations - devaluation gains

Total profit after taxation from discontinued operations

30 Apr 2019
Group
$’000

31 Mar 2018 
Group 
$’000 

8,649
2,683
5,715

17,047

–  
2,305  
–  

2,305  

48  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp41-pp50.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 49

The net assets and non-controlling interests derecognised in arriving at the gain on disposal are as follows: 

Non current assets 
Property, plant and equipment
Joint venture investments

Total non-current assets

Current assets 
Inventories
Trade receivables
Available for sale investments 
Cash and cash equivalents

Total current assets

Non Current liabilities 
Loans and borrowings
Provisions
Deferred tax liability

Total non-current liabilities

Current liabilities 
Trade payables
Loans and borrowings

Total current liabilities

Attributable goodwill

Net assets de-recognised

Consideration received: 
Cash

Total consideration received

Gain on disposal 
Consideration received
Net assets derecognised
Non-controlling interest de-recognised
Fair value of retained interest
Cumulative gain/loss on financial assets at FVTOCI reclassified on loss of control of subsidiaries
Cumulative exchange differences in respect of net assets of the subsidiaries reclassified from  
equity on loss of control of subsidiaries

Gain on disposal

$’000 

44,793 
– 

44,793 

3,045 
1,276 

1,908 

6,229 

14,873 
240 
4,386 

19,499 

1,554 
5,743 

7,297 

566 

24,792 

3,500 

3,500 

3,500 
(24,792) 
29,941 
– 
– 

– 

8,649 

VAST RESOURCES  49

  
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp41-pp50.qxp  11/10/2019  21:36  Page 50

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

13. Profit after taxation from discontinued operations continued

The breakdown of the components of profit after tax from discontinued operations in the period is as follows: 

      30 Apr 2019      31 Mar 2018  
                 Group                 Group  
                   $’000                   $’000 

Revenue                                                                                                                                                                       31,243              27,590 
Cost of sales                                                                                                                                                              (18,527)            (19,114) 

Gross profit                                                                                                                                                                 12,716                 8,476 
Overhead expenses                                                                                                                                                   (1,887)              (1,925) 

Depreciation                                                                                                                                                                (3,348)              (1,460) 
(Loss) profit on disposal of fixed assets                                                                                                                       (8)                        1 
Sundry income                                                                                                                                                                 670                    342 
Exchange gains                                                                                                                                                             5,715                          – 
Other administrative expenses                                                                                                                              (4,916)                  (808) 

Profit from operations                                                                                                                                            10,829                 6,551 
Finance income                                                                                                                                                                     2                       42 
Finance expense                                                                                                                                                         (1,014)                  (494) 
Loss on disposal of interest in subsidiary loans                                                                                                          –                          – 

Profit before taxation from continuing operations                                                                                          9,817                 6,099 
Taxation charge                                                                                                                                                          (1,419)              (3,794) 

Total profit after taxation for the year                                                                                                                 8,398                 2,305 
Other comprehensive income                                                                                                                                        (3)                        – 

Total comprehensive profit for the period                                                                                                          8,395                 2,305 
Total comprehensive profit attributable to: 
The equity holders of the parent company                                                                                                         1,249                    613 
Non-controlling interest                                                                                                                                            7,146                 1,692 

                                                                                                                                                                                          8,395                 2,305 

Cash generated by/absorbed in: 

Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities

2019

2018 

Continuing
operations

Discontinued
operations

Continuing
operations

Discontinued  
operations 

(7,872)
(1,348)
5,262

13,226
(11,983)
1,985

(5,131)
(5,437)
7,989

4,517 
(2,059) 
92 

50  VAST RESOURCES

                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 51

14. Loans to group companies 
Loans to Group companies are repayable on demand. The treatment of this balance as non-current reflects the 
Company’s expectation of the timing of receipt. 

15. Inventory 

Minerals held for sale
Production stockpiles
Consumable stores

16. Receivables 

Trade receivables
Other receivables
Short term loans
Prepayments
VAT

Apr 2019
Group
$’000

61
48
304

413

Mar 2018
Group
$’000

1,484
1,425
1,145

4,054

Apr 2019
Company
$’000

Mar 2018
Company 
$’000 

–
–
–

–

– 
– 
– 

– 

Apr 2019
Group
$’000

Mar 2018
Group
$’000

Apr 2019
Company
$’000

Mar 2018
Company 
$’000 

–
1,502
174
74
787

2,537

94
1,145
789
1,366
2,012

5,406

–
137
224
–
–

361

–  
29  
50  
14  
–  

93  

Of which:

Of which: not impaired as at  
30 April 2019 and past due  
in the following periods: 

Carrying 
amount
before
deducting
any
impairment
loss

707
1,704

2,411

Related
impairment
loss

Neither
impaired
Net nor past due
on 30 April
2019

carrying
amount

Not
more than
three
months

More than 
three 
months 
and not

more than More than  
six months 
six months

707
202

909

–
1,502

1,502

–
1,502

1,539

–
–

–

–
–

–

–  
– 

– 

  Trade receivables
  Other receivables

At  the  reporting  date,  included  within  VAT  receivable  is  an  amount  in  respect  of  VAT  owed  to  African 
Consolidated Resources SRL of US$ 710,362 (RON 3,014,349) The amount represents VAT paid on the Baita Plai 
Mine’s care and maintenance operations. As reported last year, ANAF, the Romanian revenue authority had 
refused to accept aforesaid amount as a legitimate VAT receivable as a mining licence was not then in place for 
Baita Plai Mine. On 15th October 2018, the mining licence was granted. The Romanian Court has instructed an 
independent VAT audit and, subsequent to the reporting date, the audit has been completed satisfactorily and 
supports the Group’s claim for repayment.

VAST RESOURCES  51

 
  
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 52

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

17. Loans and borrowings 
Non-current secured borrowings consist of: 

Non-current 
Secured borrowings
Unsecured borrowings
less amounts payable in less than 12 months

Current 
Secured borrowings
Unsecured borrowings
Bank overdrafts
Current portion of long-term borrowings

Total loans and borrowings

Non-current secured borrowings consist of: 

Apr 2019
Group
$’000

Mar 2018
Group
$’000

Apr 2019
Company
$’000

Mar 2018 
Company 
$’000 

4,043
–
–

4,043

978
498
–
–

1,476

5,519

8,149
14,838
(352)

22,635

–
2,664
1,315
352

4,331

26,966

–
–
–

–

309
–
–

–

309

– 
–  
–  

– 

–  

–  

– 

– 

•

•

US$ 4,000,000 (2018: US$ 4,000,000) secured offtake finance from Mercuria Energy Trading SA. The loan 
is secured by a pledge on 49.9% of the shares of the Group’s subsidiary Sinarom Mining Group SRL and 
bore annual interest of 9.4%.  

US$ 43,449 (2018: US$ 69,131) asset financing loans secured on the underlying movable assets belonging 
to ACR SRL. 

Current secured borrowing consists of:  

•

US$ 978,453 (2018: US$ 4,080,000) loan from Sub-Sahara Goldia Investments Ltd secured by a pledge over 
50.1% of the shares of the Group’s subsidiary Sinarom Mining Group SRL. The loan bears interest at 12% 
per annum and is repayable within the year. 

Current unsecured borrowing consists of: 

•

•

US$  189,072  (2018:  US$  220,156)  loans  from  the  non-controlling  interests  in  African  Consolidated 
Resources SRL, the holder of the rights to the Baita Plai Mine. The loans from the non-controlling interests 
are interest free and have no fixed terms of repayment. There is no expectation that this loan will be called. 

US$ 309,635 (2018: nil) loan from M Semere bearing an interest rate of 6%. There is no expectation that 
this loan will be called.

52  VAST RESOURCES

 
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 53

Reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities 

Non cash changes 

                                                                                                        Amortised
                                                                        1 Apr        Cash -        finance
                                                                         2018         flows       charges
2019 Group                                                $’000s       $’000s          $’000s
Long-term borrowings                    22,635      (3,754)            412
Short-term borrowings                      4,331       7,896          1,435

Total liabilities from financing  
activities                                               26,966       4,142          1,847

Loans       Disposal
repaid                    of

      Accrued
      interest
Exchange       in other
in shares      liabilities adjustments     payables
$’000s          $’000s
35             (412)
(5,543)                  –

$’000s            $’000s
–        (14,873)
(900)         (5,743)

30 Apr  

2019  

$’000s 
4,043  
1,476  

(900)       (20,616)

(5,508)           (412)

5,519  

Non cash changes 

   Amortised
                                                                                                                  1 Apr
         finance
                                                                                                                   2017 Cashflows         charges
$’000s            $’000s
2018 Group                                                                                          $’000s
3,923               708
Long-term borrowings                                                              3,166
(98)              494
Short-term borrowings                                                             3,935

Loss             Loan  
on loan      disposal
disposal Cashflows*
$’000s          $’000s
12,538          2,300
–                     

31 Mar  
2018 
$’000s 
22,635  
4,331  

Total liabilities from financing  
activities                                                                                         7,101

3,825            1,202

12,538          2,300

26,966  

* Loan disposal cashflows are included in investing activities  

Reconciliation of external interest costs 

Amortised finance charges – short-term borrowings
Amortised finance charges – long-term borrowings

Total external interest for the period

18. Trade and other payables 

Trade payables
Other payables
Other taxes and social security taxes
Accrued expenses

Apr 2019
Group
$’000

1,193
1,033
1,027
217

3,470

Mar 2018
Group
$’000

5,719
769
980
91

7,559

Trade payables
Other payables

Amount

30 days

60 days

90 days

120 days

1,193
1,033

365
709

57
171

170
8

105
4

Maturity profile for trade and other payables 

2019
Group
$’000s

1,435
412

1,847

2018 
Group 
$’000s 

494  
708  

1,202  

Apr 2019
Company
$’000

Mar 2018 
Company 
$’000 

288
470
10
–

768

186  
106  
28  
–  

320  

150 days  
or more 

496  
141  

VAST RESOURCES  53

  
 
                                                                                                                             
                        
 
 
 
                                                                                                                             
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 54

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

19. Provisions 

Provision for rehabilitation of mining properties 
– Provision brought forward from previous periods
– Derecognised on disposal of subsidiary

Apr 2019
Group
$’000

Mar 2018
Group
$’000

Apr 2019
Company
$’000

Mar 2018 
Company 
$’000 

1,397
(908)

489

1,095
302

1,397

–
–

–

–  
–   

– 

As more fully set out in the Statement of Accounting Policies on page 39, the Group provides for the cost of 
the rehabilitation of a mining property on the cessation of mining. Provision for this cost is recognised from the 
commencement of mining activities. 

This provision accounts for the estimated full cost to rehabilitate the mine at Manaila according to good practice 
guidelines in the country where the mine is located, which may involve more than the stipulated minimum legal 
commitment. The comparative figures include provisions in respect of Pickstone Peerless which was divested 
in April 2019. 

When accounting for the provision the Group recognises a provision for the full cost to rehabilitate the mine 
and a matching asset accounted for within the non-current mining asset. 

20. Financial instruments – risk management 

Significant accounting policies 
Details of the significant accounting policies in respect of financial instruments are disclosed on page 35. The 
Group’s financial instruments comprise available for sale investments, cash and items arising directly from its 
operations such as other receivables, trade payables and loans. 

Financial risk management 
The Board seeks to minimise its exposure to financial risk by reviewing and agreeing policies for managing each 
financial risk and monitoring them on a regular basis. No formal policies have been put in place in order to hedge 
the Group and Company’s activities to the exposure to currency risk or interest risk; however, the Board will 
consider this periodically. No derivatives or hedges were entered into during the year.  

The Group and Company is exposed through its operations to the following financial risks: 

•
•
•

Credit risk 
Market risk (includes cash flow interest rate risk and foreign currency risk) 
Liquidity risk  

The policy for each of the above risks is described in more detail below. 

The principal financial instruments used by the Group, from which financial instruments risk arises are as follow: 

•
•
•
•

Receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other payables (excluding other taxes and social security) and loans 
Available for sale investments 

The table below sets out the carrying value of all financial instruments by category and where applicable shows 
the valuation level used to determine the fair value at each reporting date. The fair value of all financial assets and 
financial liabilities is not materially different to the book value. 

54  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 55

Loans and receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents
Receivables
Loans to Group Companies
Available for sale financial assets  
Available for sale investments (valuation level 1)
Other liabilities  
Trade and other payables (excl. short term loans)
Loans and borrowings

2019
Group
$’000

569
2,537
–

–

3,470
5,519

2018
Group
$’000

1,300
5,406
–

13

7,559
26,966

2019
Company
$’000

218
361
34,568

–

768
309

2018 
Company 
$’000 

208  
93  
25,179  

3  

320  
– 

Credit risk 
Financial assets, which potentially subject the Group and the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist 
principally of cash, short-term deposits and other receivables. Cash balances are all held at recognised financial 
institutions. Other receivables are presented net of allowances for doubtful receivables. Other receivables 
currently form an insignificant part of the Group’s and the Company’s business and therefore the credit risks 
associated with them are also insignificant to the Group and the Company as a whole. 

The Company has a credit risk in respect of inter-company loans to subsidiaries. The recoverability of these 
balances is dependent on the commercial viability of the exploration activities undertaken by the respective 
subsidiary companies. The credit risk of these loans is managed as the directors constantly monitor and assess 
the viability and quality of the respective subsidiary’s investments in intangible mining assets. 

Maximum exposure to credit risk 
The Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk by category of financial instrument is shown in the table below: 

Cash and cash equivalents
Receivables

2019
Carrying
value
$’000

569
2,537

2019
Maximum
exposure
$’000

1,620
10,454

2018
Carrying
value
$’000

1,300
5,406

2018 
Maximum 
exposure 
$’000  

1,817  
6,941  

The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk by class of financial instrument is shown in the table below: 

Cash and cash equivalents
Receivables
Loans to Group Companies

Market risk 

2019
Carrying
value
$’000

218
361
34,568

2019
Maximum
exposure
$’000

8,964
342
36,237

2018
Carrying
value
$’000

208
93
25,179

2018 
Maximum 
exposure 
$’000  

1,663  
1,540  
40,132  

Cash flow interest rate risk 
The  Group  has  adopted  a  non-speculative  policy  on  managing  interest  rate  risk.  Only  approved  financial 
institutions with sound capital bases are used to borrow funds and for the investments of surplus funds. 

VAST RESOURCES  55

  
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 56

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

20. Financial instruments – risk management continued

The Group and the Company seeks to obtain a favourable interest rate on its cash balances through the use of 
bank deposits. At the reporting date, the Group had a cash balance of $0.569 million (2018: $1.300 million) 
which was made up as follows: 

Sterling
United States Dollar
Euro
Lei (Romania)
Zimbabwe Dollar

2019
Group
$’000

218
205
–
31
115

569

2018 
Group 
$’000  

106  
1,131  
1  
62  
– 

1,300  

At the reporting date, the Company had a cash balance of $0.218 million (2018: $0.208 million) which was made 
up as follows: 

Sterling
United States Dollar
Euro
Lei (Romania)

2019
Company
$’000

2018
Company 
$’000 

218
–
–
–

218

106  
102  
– 
– 

208  

The Group had interest bearing debts at the current year end of US$ 5.330 million (2018: US$ 9.464 million). 
These are made up as follows: 

Interest
rate

9.4%
12%
6%
12%

Secured long-term loans
Secured short-term loans
Unsecured loans
Bank overdraft

These loans are repayable as follows:
– Within 1 year
– Between 1 and 2 years
– In more than 2 years

2019
Group
$’000

4,043
978
309
–

5,330

1,287
4,043
–

2018
Group
$’000

8,149

1,315

9,464

2,000
3,667
3,797

2019
Company
$’000

2018 
Company 
$’000 

–

309
–

309

309
–
–

– 

– 

– 

– 
– 
– 

Borrowings of US$ 4 million carry a floating interest rate with the remainder having fixed rates. An increase in 
interest rates of 1% would increase the annual finance expense by US$ 40,000.

56  VAST RESOURCES

 
 
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 57

Foreign currency risk 
Foreign exchange risk is inherent in the Group’s and the Company’s activities and is accepted as such. The 
majority of the Group’s expenses are denominated in United States Dollars and therefore foreign currency 
exchange risk arises where any balance is held, or costs incurred, in currencies other than United States Dollars. 
At 30 April 2019 and 31 March 2018, the currency exposure of the Group was as follows: 

At 30 April 2019  
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade and other receivables
Trade and other payables
Available for sale investments

At 31 March 2018  
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade and other receivables
Trade and other payables
Available for sale investments

Sterling
$’000

US Dollar
$’000

Euro
$’000

218
162
(320)
–

106
14
(258)
–

205
387
(902)
–

1,131
4,026
(3,246)
13

–
–
–
–

1
–
(42)
–

Other
$’000

146
1,989
(2,271)
–

62
1,366
(4,013)
–

Total  
$’000  

569  
2,537  
(3,493) 
– 

1,326  
5,960  
(7,559) 
13  

The effect of a 10% strengthening of Sterling against the US dollar at the reporting date, all other variables 
held constant, would have resulted in decreasing post tax losses by $5,952 (2018: $13,527 decrease). Conversely 
the effect of a 10% weakening of Sterling against the US dollar at the reporting date, all other variables held 
constant, would have resulted in increasing post tax losses by $5,952 (2018: $13,527 decrease). 

At 30 April 2019 and 31 March 2018, the currency exposure of the Company was as follows: 

Sterling
$’000

US Dollar
$’000

Euro
$’000

Other
$’000

At 30 April 2019  
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade and other receivables
Loans to Group companies
Trade and other payables
Available for sale investments

At 31 March 2018  
Cash and cash equivalents
Other receivables
Loans to Group companies
Trade and other payables
Available for sale investments

218
137

(320)
–

106
14
1,286
(258)
–

–
943
34,568
(470)

102
79
22,686
(82)
3

–
–

–
–

–
–
1,207
–
–

–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–

Total  
$’000  

218  
1,080  
34,568  
(790) 
– 

208  
93  
25,179  
(340) 
3  

Liquidity risk 
Any borrowing facilities are negotiated with approved financial institutions at acceptable interest rates. All 
assets and liabilities are at fixed and floating interest rate. The Group and the Company seeks to manage its 
financial risk to ensure that sufficient liquidity is available to meet the foreseeable needs both in the short and 
long term. See also references to Going Concern disclosures in the Strategic Report on page 11. 

As set out in Note 18, of the consolidated trade and other payables balance of $2.226 million, $1,302 million is 
due  for  payment  within  60  days  of  the  reporting  date.  The  maturity  profile  of  interest  bearing  debts  are 
highlighted above. 

VAST RESOURCES  57

  
 
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 58

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

20. Financial instruments – risk management continued

Capital 
The objective of the Directors is to maximise shareholder returns and minimise risks by keeping a reasonable 
balance between debt and equity. In previous years the Company and Group has minimised risk by being purely 
equity financed. In the current year, the Group has assumed debt risk but has kept the net debt amount as low 
as possible. 

The Group’s debt to equity ratio is 93.4% (2018: 145.7%), calculated as follows: 

Loans and borrowings
Less: cash and cash equivalents
Net debt
Total equity
Debt to capital ratio (%)

21. Share capital 

As at 31 March 2017
Issued during the year *

As at 31 March 2018
Issued during the year *

As at 30 April 2019

Apr 2019
$000’s

5,519
(569)
4,950
5,302
93.4%

Ordinary 0.1p
No of
shares

Nominal
value

Deferred 0.9p 
No of
shares

Nominal
value

4,663,404,459
461,882,523

5,125,286,982
2,819,884,329

6,570 863,562,664
–

620

7,190 863,562,664
–
3,662

7,945,171,311

10,852 863.,562,664

12,850
–

12,850
–

12,850

Mar 2018 
$’000 

26,966  
(1,300) 
25,666  
17,614  
145.7% 

Share 
premium 

74,802 
2,435 

77,237 
4,448 

81,685 

* Details of the shares issued during the year are as shown in the table below and in the Statement of Changes of Equity on pages 25-26. 

There were no shares reserved for issue under share options at 30 April 2019 (2018: nil).  

The deferred shares carry no rights to dividends or to participate in any way in the income or profits of the 
Company. They may receive a return of capital equal to the amount paid up on each deferred share after the 
ordinary shares have received a return of capital equal to the amount paid up on each ordinary share plus 
£10,000,000 on each ordinary share, but no further right to participate in the assets of the Company. The 
Company may, subject to the Statutes, acquire all or any of the deferred shares at any time for no consideration. 
The deferred shares carry no votes. 

The ordinary shares carry all the rights normally attributed to ordinary shares in a company subject to the rights 
of the deferred shares. 

See also Note 27 on page 67 for details of share issues after the reporting date. 

58  VAST RESOURCES

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 59

Date of issue

No of shares

Issue 
price 
(pence)

Purpose of issue 

2018 
4 Apr 17
1 Jun 17
14 Jun 17
26 Jul 17
9 Oct 17
17 Oct 17
27 Oct 17
30 Oct 17
1 Nov 17
3 Nov 17
21 Nov 17
21 Nov 17
27 Nov 17
6 Dec 17
11 Dec 17
13 Dec 17
22 Dec 17
29 Dec 17
30 Jan 18
1 Feb 18
22 Feb 18
9 Mar 18
23 Mar 18

6,116
20,000,000
51,386
225,017
2,228
2,112
1,061,060
183,180
265,161
36,794
190,476,190
1,000,000
807,018
382,062
234,261,876
123,553
1,250,956
163,147
541,204
5,799
8,000,000
37,664
3,000,000

461,882,523 

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.525
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.525
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5

Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Issued for cash to investors 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Open offer to existing shareholders 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 

VAST RESOURCES  59

  
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 60

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

21. Share capital continued

Date of issue

2019 
5 Apr 2018
10 May 2018
15 May 2018
23 May 2018
31 May 2018
22 Jun 2018
27 Jun 2018
24 Jul 2018
2 Aug 2018
7 Aug 2018
28 Aug 2018
29 Aug 2018
29 Aug 2018
29 Sep 2018
12 Oct 2018
16 Oct 2018
18 Oct 2018
18 Oct 2018
2 Nov 2018
5 Dec 2018
7 Dec 2018
18 Dec 2018
4 Jan 2019
18 Jan 2019

4 Feb 2019

13 Feb 2019
13 Feb 2019
13 Feb 2019
13 Feb 2019
4 Mar 2019
4 Mar 2019
12 Apr 2019
12 Apr 2019
12 Apr 2019

Issue 
price 
(pence)

Purpose of issue 

No of shares

8,200,000
244,240
513,456
300,000
539,280
78,701
238,095,238
2,426,640
400,000
1,384,087
3,000,000
14,043
133,914,127
354,006
13,920
57,331
70,847,785
16,666,666
188,679,245
153,810
576,835
68,000,000
13,754
164,469,356

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.525
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.645
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.53
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.5
0.24

255,604,120

0.12

550,000,000
74,074,074
29,629,629
10,000,000
550,000,000
7,189,542
407,407,407
7,407,407
29,629,630

2,819,884,329 

0.135
0.135
0.135
0.135
0.153
0.153
0.135
0.135
0.135

Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Placing 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Subscription 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Placing 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Placing 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Subscription (Bergen convertible security) 
Exercise of open offer warrants 
Exercise of conversion rights  
(Bergen convertible security) 
Exercise of conversion rights  
(Bergen convertible security) 
Placing 
Subscription 
Subscription 
Subscription 
Placing 
Subscription 
Placing 
Subscription 
Subscription 

Directors and Management financing agreement 
As previously reported, on 6 January 2016 the Directors of the Company, together with certain senior managers, 
subscribed an aggregate amount of £0.5 million for new ordinary shares of 0.1p each in the Company, together 
with one warrant for each share issued; these warrants carry an entitlement either to one share at a price of 
130 per cent of the issue price of the shares to which the warrant related or to a number of shares to be 
determined by a calculation based on a Black Scholes valuation of the shares at the time of exercise. 62,500,000 
new Ordinary Shares were issued by the Company together with 62,500,000 warrants. 

As at 31 March 2018, the Directors and senior managers held 5,208,313 unexercised warrants. None of these 
have been exercised in the current year and all remain unexercised at 30 April 2019. The last date for exercise 
is 31 March 2021. 

60  VAST RESOURCES

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 61

Existing shareholders financing agreement 
As  reported  in  the  report  for  the  year  to  31  March  2016,  on  4  March  2016  the  Company  entered  into  an 
agreement with a number of existing shareholders (the “Investors“) for their subscription for up to £0.8 million, 
on similar terms as those agreed with the Directors and Management, detailed above. A total of 190,211,632 
shares were subscribed for; in addition, 190,211,632 warrants were issued. 

At 31 March 2018 there remained 6,613,756 warrants unexercised by these investors. None of these have been 
exercised in the current year and all remain unexercised at 30 April 2019. The last date for exercise is 31 March 
2021. 

22. Share based payments 

Equity – settled share based payments 
The Company has granted share options and warrants to Directors, staff and consultants.  

In June 2015, the Company also established a Share Appreciation Scheme to incentivise Directors and senior 
executives.  The  basis  of  the  Scheme  is  to  grant  a  fixed  number  of  ‘share  appreciation  rights’  (SARs)  to 
participants. Each SAR is credited rights to receive at the discretion of the Company ordinary shares in the 
Company or cash to a value of the difference in the value of a share at the date of exercise of rights and the 
value at date of grant. The SARS are subject to various performance conditions. 

The tables below reconcile the opening and closing number of SAR’s in issue at each reporting date: 

Issued during Lapsed during
year

year

Exercised
during year

Exercise
price
Options

0.3p
0.45p
0.5p
0.5p
0.7p
0.7p

In issue
at 31 March
2018

–
5,000,000
50,500,000
50,500,000
24,500,000
28,500,000

20,000,000
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
(2,500,000)
(2,500,000)
(24,500,000)
–

159,000,000

20,000,000

(29,500,000)

Exercise
price
Options

In issue
at 31 March
2017

Issued during Lapsed during
year

year

Exercised
during year

0.45p
0.5p
0.5p
0.7p
0.7p

–
–
56,500,000
40,500,000

5,000,000
50,500,000
50,500,000
–
–

(32,000,000)
(12,000,000)

97,000,000

106,000,000

(44,000,000)

–
–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

In issue  
at 30 April  
2019

20,000,000
5,000,000
48,000,000
48,000,000
–
28,500,000

149,500,000 

In issue  
at 31 March 
2018

5,000,000
50,500,000
50,500,000
24,500,000
28,500,000

159,000,000 

Final exercise date 

March 2022 
June 2020 
March 2022 
March 2023 
March 2019 
March 2020 

Final exercise date 

June 2020 
March 2022 
March 2023 
March 2019 
March 2020 

VAST RESOURCES  61

  
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 62

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

22. Share based payments continued

The tables below reconcile the opening and closing number of share options and warrants in issue at each 
reporting date: 

Exercise
price
Warrants

0.4p
0.5p
variable
variable

variable

In issue
at 31 March
2018

5,425,000
547,274,243
14,583,250
6,613,756

573,896,249
565,000,000

1,138,986,249

* Extended from June 2019 

Exercise
price
Warrants

0.4p
0.5p
0.5p
0.5p
variable
variable

In issue
at 31 March
2017

5,425,000
6,659,903
564,418,700
13,340,097
14,583,250
6,613,756

Issued during Lapsed during
year

year

Exercised
during year

In issue  
at 30 April  
2019

–
–
–
–

–
–

–

–
–
–
–

–
–

–

–

5,425,000
(18,270,103) 529,004,140
14,583,250
6,613,756

–
–

(18,270,103) 555.626.146
565,000,000

–

(18,270,103) 1,120,626,146

Issued during Lapsed during
year

year

Exercised
during year

In issue  
at 31 March  
2018

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–

–

–
(6,659,903)

5,425,000
–
(17,144,457) 547,274,243
(13,340,097)
–
14,583,250
–
6,613,756
–

(37,144,457) 573,896,249
565,000,000

–

(37,144,457) 1,138,896,249

Final exercise date 

October 2019 
December 2019* 
January 2021 
March 2021 

See note* 

Final exercise date 

October 2019 
December 2017 
June 2019 
December 2017 
January 2021 
March 2021 

See note 

variable

611,040,706
–

–
565,000,000

611,040,706

565,000,000

Note: These warrants are only exercisable in the event of a default in repayment of the Mercuria Tranche A pre-payment off-take facility 
of US$ 4,500,000 (Mercuria Warrants). 

Outstanding at the beginning of the year
Granted during the year
Lapsed during the year
Exercised during the year
Outstanding at the end of the year
Exercisable at the end of the year

2019

2018 

Weighted
average
exercise price
(pence)

0.44
0.30
0.44
–
0.45
0.43

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence)

0.43
0.50
0.75
–
0.44
0.41

Number

732,896,249
20,000,000
(47,770,103)
(18,270,103)
686,856,043
613,856,043

Number 

708,040,706 
106,000,000  
(44,000,000) 
37,114,457 
732,896,249 
701,040,706 

The weighted average remaining lives of the SARs, share options or warrants outstanding at the end of the 
period is 34 months (2018: 22 months). Of the 686,856,043 SARs, options and warrants outstanding at 30 April 
2019 (2018: 732,896,249), 613,856,043 (2018: 701,040,706) are fully vested in the holders and are exercisable 
at that date.

62  VAST RESOURCES

 
 
 
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp51-pp63.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 63

Fair value of share options 
The fair values of share options and warrants granted have been calculated using the Black Scholes pricing 
model which takes into account factors specific-to-share incentive plans such as the vesting periods of the plan, 
the expected dividend yield of the Company’s shares and the estimated volatility of those shares. Based on the 
above assumptions, the fair values of the options granted are estimated to be: 

Share
Option or
Warrant
Value

variable
variable
0.5p
0.5p
0.5p
variable
0.4p

Grant
date

Apr 16
Jul-16
Jul-16
Aug-16
Aug-16
Oct-16
Oct-16

Share 
price
at date
of grant

0.240p
0.360p
0.315p
0.265p
0.290p
0.280p
0.320p

Vesting
periods

Mar-21
Mar-21
Jun-19
Jun-19
Jun-19
Mar-21
Oct-19

Volatility

Life
(years)

Dividend
yield

135%
135%
76%
76%
76%
135%
76%

5.00
5.00
4.11
4.01
3.97
5.00
3.97

nil
nil
nil
nil
nil
nil
nil

Risk free 
interest 
rate

1.5%
1.5%
0.63%
0.34%
0.34%
1.5%
0.18%

Fair value 

.2055p 
.3082p 
0.5670p 
0.0522p 
0.0664p 
0.2397p 
0.1012p 

Volatility  has  been  based  on  historical  share  price  information.  A  higher  rate  of  volatility  is  used  when 
determining the fair value of certain options in order to reflect the special conditions attached thereto. 

Based on the above fair values the expense arising from equity-settled share options and warrants made was 
$263,967 (2018: $26,747). 

Cash-settled share-based payments 
The Directors of the Company had set up an Employee Benefit Trust (EBT) in which a number of employees and 
directors were participants (the ‘Participants’). The EBT held shares on behalf of Participants until such time as 
those Participants exercised their right to require the EBT to sell the shares. On the sale of the shares the 
Participants would have received the appreciation of the value in the shares above the market price on the date 
that the shares were purchased by the EBT, subject to the first 5% in growth in the share price, on an annual 
compound basis, being retained by the EBT. The Participants were to pay 0.01p per share to acquire their rights.  

In view of the large reduction in the Company’s share price since the EBT was set up, the value of the rights of 
the Participants under the EBT has become negligible, and accordingly the EBT has been terminated by the sale 
of the shares and the application of the sale proceeds in repayment of the loan by The Company to the EBT. 

In the event of an increase in the Company’s share price to a figure substantially in excess of 6p, the Company 
would have a liability to Participants equal to the rights that the Participants would have had under the EBT. 

The EBT rights of Participants are set out in the table below. 

Exercise
price

Outstanding
at 31 March
2018

Exercised
during last
13 months

Lapsed
during last
13 months

Granted
during last
13 months

Outstanding  
at 30 April  
2019

Date exercisable from 

8.75p
8.75p
9.00p
9.00p
6.00p
6.00p

6,000,000
6,000,000
2,500,000
2,500,000
7,750,000
7,750,000

32,500,000

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

6,000,000
6,000,000
2,500,000
2,500,000
7,750,000
7,750,000

32,500,000

July 2010 
July 2011 
August 2011 
August 2012 
August 2012 
August 2013 

As at 30 April 2019 a total of 32,500,000 of the EBT participation rights were exercisable.

VAST RESOURCES  63

  
 
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp64-end.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 64

Notes to Financial Statements 
Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

22. Share based payments continued

Exercise
price

Outstanding 
at 31 March
2017

Exercised
during last
12 months

Lapsed 
during Last 
12 months

Granted
during last 
12 months

Outstanding  
at 31 March 
2018

Date exercisable from 

8.75p
8.75p
9.00p
9.00p
6.00p
6.00p

6,000,000
6,000,000
2,500,000
2,500,000
7,750,000
7,750,000

32,500,000

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–

6,000,000
6,000,000
2,500,000
2,500,000
7,750,000
7,750,000

32,500,000

July 2010 
July 2011 
August 2011 
August 2012 
August 2012 
August 2013 

As at 31 March 2018 a total of 32,500,000 of the EBT participation rights were exercisable. 

Fair value of Participants’ rights 
The fair values of the rights granted to participants under the EBT have been calculated using a Black Scholes 
valuation model. Based on the assumptions set out in the table below, as well as the limitation on the growth 
in share price attributable to the participants (as set out in the table above) the fair-values are estimated to be: 

Rights exercisable from:

Jul 2010

Jul 2011

Aug 2011

Aug 2012

Aug 2012

Aug 2013 

Grant date
Validity of grant 
Vesting periods

Share price at date of grant
Volatility
Dividend yield
Risk free investment rate
Fair value

Oct 2010
10 years

Aug 2009
10 years

Aug 2009
10 years

Oct 2010
10 years
Aug 2009 –  Aug 2009 –  Oct 2010 –  Oct 2010 – 
Aug 2012
9.00p
51%
Nil
0.65%
Nil

Aug 2011
9.00p
51%
Nil
0.65%
Nil

Jul 2010
8.75p
51%
Nil
0.65%
Nil

Jul 2011
8.75p
51%
Nil
0.65%
Nil

Sep 2011
10 years
Sep 2011– 
Aug 2012
6.00p
51%
Nil
0.65%
Nil

Sep 2011 
10 years 
Sep 2011– 
 Aug 2013 
6.00p 
51% 
Nil 
0.65% 
Nil 

The Group has recorded liabilities in respect of the Participants’ rights of $nil and $nil in 2018 and 2019. Fair 
value is determined by using the Black Scholes model using the assumptions noted in the above table. The Group 
recorded total expenses of $nil and $nil in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The total intrinsic value at 31 December 
2018 and 2019 was $nil and $nil, respectively. 

Volatility has been calculated by reference to historical share price information. 

Warrant and Share option expense 

Warrant and share option expense:
– In respect of remuneration contracts
– In respect of financing arrangements

Total expense / (credit)

2019
Group
$’000

264
–

264

2018 
Group 
$’000 

27 
– 

27 

23. Reserves 
Details of the nature and purpose of each reserve within owners’ equity are provided below: 

•
•

•

Share capital represents the nominal value at 0.1p each of the shares in issue. 
Share premium represents the balance of consideration received net of fund raising costs in excess of the 
par value of the shares. 
The share options reserve represents the accumulated balance of share benefit charges recognised in 
respect of share options granted by the Company, less transfers to retained losses in respect of options 
exercised or lapsed. 

64  VAST RESOURCES

 
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp64-end.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 65

•

•

•

The foreign currency translation reserve represents amounts arising on the translation of the Group and 
Company financial statements from Sterling to United States Dollars, as set out in the Statement of 
Accounting  Policies  on  page  36,  prior  to  the  change  in  functional  currency  to  United  States  Dollars, 
together  with  cumulative  foreign  exchange  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  the  Financial 
Statements of foreign subsidiaries; this reserve is not distributable by way of dividends.  
The available for sale reserve represents the gains/(losses) arising on recognising financial assets classified 
as available for sale at fair value. 
The retained deficit reserve represents the cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the Group 
statement of comprehensive income. 

24. Non-controlling Interests 
The non-controlling interests (NCI) in Dallaglio Investments (Private) Limited and its subsidiaries, together with 
the NCI in Ronquil Enterprises (Private) Limited, were de-recognised on the disposal of the Group’s interests in 
both Companies, as more fully set out in Note 13. 

African Consolidated Resources SRL is an 80% owned subsidiary of the Company which also has an NCI. This 
follows the merger of this company with Mineral Mining in February 2016. 

Summarised financial information for these three entities, before intra-group eliminations, is presented below 
together with amounts attributable to NCI: 

                                                                                                                           Investments & 
subsidiaries
$000’s

For the period ended 30 April 2019                                                      

African
Dallaglio Consolidated
Resources
SRL
$000’s

Ronquil 
Enterprises 
(Private) 
Limited           Total NCI 
$000’s                 $000’s 

Revenue                                                                                                                31,243                    418                          –              31,661 
Cost of sales                                                                                                       (18,527)                  (219)                        –             (18,746) 
Gross Profit (loss)                                                                                               12,716                    199                          –              12,915 
Overhead expenses                                                                                               (750)              (1,764)                    (17)              (2,531) 
Operating profit (loss)                                                                                      11,966               (1,565)                    (17)             10,384 
Finance expense                                                                                                  (1,012)                      (3)                        –               (1,015) 
Loss before tax                                                                                                   10,954               (1,568)                    (17)               9,369 
Tax expense / credit                                                                                           (1,408)                        –                          –               (1,408) 
Profit (loss) after tax                                                                                           9,546               (1,568)                    (17)               7,961 
Total comprehensive profit (loss) allocated to NCI                                    7,155                   (293)                      (9)               6,853 

Cash flows from operating activities                                                           13,226                   (574)                        –              12,652 
Cash flows from investing activities                                                           (13,575)              (1,690)                        –             (15,265) 
Cash flows from financing activities                                                               1,985                 2,264                          –                 4,249 
Net cash inflows/(outflows)                                                                              1,636                          –                          –                 1,636 

As at 30 April 2019                                                                                     
Assets: 
Property plant and equipment                                                                                 –                 7,125                          –                 7,125 
Inventory                                                                                                                          –                         8                          –                         8 
Receivables                                                                                                                     –                    830                          –                    830 
Liabilities: 

$000’s                 $000’s                 $000’s 

$000’s

Loans and other borrowings                                                                                     –                    700                          –                    700 
Trade and other payables                                                                                           –                 1,479                          –                 1,479 
Accumulated non-controlling interests                                                                 –                     (41)                        –                     (41) 

VAST RESOURCES  65

  
 
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
 
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp64-end.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 66

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

24. Non-controlling Interests continued

African
                                                                                                                           Consolidated
Resources
                                                                                                Dallaglio and
                                                                                                  subsidiaries
SRL
$000’s
For the year ended 31 March 2018                                            $000’s

              Ronquil 
Sinarom       Enterprises 
Mining              (Private) 

Group SA               Limited           Total NCI 
$000’s                 $000’s                 $000’s 

Revenue                                                                                    27,590                    664                 3,098                          –              31,352 
Cost of sales                                                                           (19,114)                        –               (4,298)                        –             (23,412) 
Gross Profit (loss)                                                                      8,475                    664               (1,200)                        –                 7,939 
Administrative expenses                                                       (1,567)                  (653)              (1,514)                        –               (3,734) 
Operating profit (loss)                                                             6,908                       11               (2,714)                        –                 4,205 
Finance expense                                                                          (419)                      (1)                    (10)                    (21)                  (451) 
Loss before tax                                                                          6,489                       10               (2,724)                    (21)               3,754 
Tax expense/credit                                                                 (3,794)                        –                          –                          –               (3,794) 
Profit (loss) after tax                                                                2,695                       10               (2,724)                    (21)                    (40) 
Total comprehensive profit (loss) 
allocated to NCI                                                                         1,702                         3                    125                     (10)               1,820 

Cash flows from operating activities                                  5,984               (1,720)               1,105                          –                 5,369 
Cash flows from investing activities                                  (6,190)              (1,023)              (2,036)                        –               (9,249) 
Cash flows from financing activities                                            –                 2,745                 1,663                          –                 4,408 
Net cash inflows/(outflows)                                                    (206)                        2                    732                          –                    528 

As at 31 March 2018                                                                       $000’s
Assets: 

$000’s

$000’s                 $000’s                 $000’s 

Intangible assets                                                                                –                        (1)                        –                          –                        (1) 
Property plant and equipment                                          15,905                 6,501                 5,184                          –              27,590 
Investment in joint venture                                                       559                          –                          –                          –                    559 
Inventory                                                                                     2,883                       12                 1,094                          –                 3,989 
Receivables                                                                                 4,302                    845                    521                       25                 5,693 
Cash and cash equivalents                                                         272                         3                    763                          –                 1,038 
Liabilities:                                                                                                                                                                                 –                          – 
Loans and other borrowings                                                 4,730                 8,719              12,487                          –              25,936 
Trade and other payables                                                       2,336                    835                 2,572                          –                 5,743 
Deferred tax liability                                                                3,330                          –                          –                          –                 3,330 
Provisions                                                                                        877                          –                    521                          –                 1,398 
Accumulated non-controlling interests                          20,348                    252                          –                 2,447              23,047 

25. Related party transactions 

Company and group 
Directors and key management emoluments are disclosed in notes 6 and 7. 

Group 
The non-controlling interest in African Consolidated Resources SRL, where 20% of the shareholding of the 
subsidiary is held by third parties (the “AP Group”), consisting as to a majority of a director and senior executives 
of the group, namely: 

Roy Tucker
Andrew Prelea
Senior Romanian management
Non-related party

(Director)
(Director)

2% 
8% 
2% 
8% 

At the reporting date, there was an amount owing by African Consolidated Resources SRL to the AP Group of 
$91,656 (2018: $165,399). At the reporting date, there was an amount owing by African Consolidated Resources 
SRL to the individual related members of the AP Group, totalling $65,606 (2018: $78,348).  

66  VAST RESOURCES

 
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp64-end.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 67

At the reporting date, there was an amount owing by African Consolidated Resources SRL to Ozone Homes SRL (Ozone) 
of US$ 9,568 (2018: US$16,727) in respect of transactions undertaken by Ozone in 2014. Ozone is a company controlled 
by Andrew Prelea, the Group CEO and senior Group executive in Romania. 

During the year, the company had a service contract with Roy Tucker to provide office premises and associated services 
totalling US$ 25,420 including VAT. 

26. Contingent liabilities and capital commitments 

Capital commitments 
The Group acquired an effective 29.41% economic interest through EMA Resources Ltd (`EMA’) in a brown field 
perimeter  in  the  `Golden  Quadrilateral’  of  Western  Romania  on  which  historic  work  has  demonstrated 
prospectivity  for  gold  and  polymetallic  minerals.  The  Group  is  undertaking  exploration  on  behalf  of  the 
perimeter owners with a view to establishing a JORC resource sufficient to justify an independent IPO. To date 
the Group has arranged US$ 1 million third party financing on behalf of the venture in the form of convertible 
debt to fund a drilling and assay programme. This programme is underway and is anticipated to deliver sufficient 
information to support an Inferred JORC Mineral Resource for gold and other polymetallic minerals including 
silver, copper, lead and zinc in one or more of several distinct breccia pipes.  

Of the US$ 1 million convertible funding, the Company has committed to repay US$ 750,000 to a convertible 
debt investor in EMA Resources Limited (‘EMA’) (the owner of the Blueberry Project) on 31st December 2019 
in the event the investor elects not to convert into shares in EMA. Such an event might arise if the assay results 
are unsatisfactory and / or the planned IPO of EMA has not taken place. As explained in more detail in the 
Strategic Report, current indications are that the assays are encouraging and it is anticipated that the project 
will continue to support the necessary third-party financing beyond 31 December 2019 and to the conclusion 
of the drilling and assay programme. 

27. Events after the reporting date 

Exercise of warrants 
Warrants were exercised, and shares issued, as follows: 

Date

21 June 2019
7 August 2019

Warrants exercised

Shares issued 

1,221
244

1,221 
244 

Warrant security to Mercuria 
Pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Instrument between the Company and Mercuria dated 13 March 2018, 
warrants were issued to Mercuria to subscribe for shares in the Company up to a further aggregate nominal 
amount of £1,750,000 (in addition to the existing warrants to subscribe for shares in the Company for a nominal 
amount of £565,000 already granted in connection with the Warrant Instrument). These warrants have been 
issued to Mercuria as security for the Tranche A advance of US$4,500,000 under the Mercuria Pre-payment 
Agreement and are only exercisable in the event of a default thereunder.  

Share placings and subscriptions 
On 30 May the Company announced that it had raised, in aggregate, £900,000 before costs through a placing 
of 775,862,068 ordinary shares of 0.1p in the Company at a price of 0.116p per share. 

On 8 August the Company announced that it had raised, in aggregate, £655,000 (£625,000 after costs) through 
a placing of 595,454,545 ordinary shares of 0.1p in the Company at a price of 0.11p per share. The Subscription 
was undertaken by a new institutional investor, to whom it has been agreed to issue 17,000,000 warrants to 
subscribe for Ordinary Shares in the Company at an exercise price of 0.13p per share and 17,000,000 warrants 
at an exercise price of 0.15p per share. All warrants will expire on 8 August 2022. 

VAST RESOURCES  67

  
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp64-end.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 68

Notes to Financial Statements 

continued

27. Events after the reporting date continued

Historical diamond claims 
The Company announced on 26 September that it had settled its historical claims by mutual consent and that 
the Company would update the matter further as this matter progressed. 

Chiadzwa Community joint venture 
The Company announced on 26 September that it had signed a Joint Venture Agreement with a company 
designated to represent the Chiadzwa Community in relation to the Chiadzwa Diamond Concession in Zimbabwe. 

Corporate broker 
On 5 August 2019 the Company was informed that one of its joint corporate brokers, SVS Securities plc, had 
been placed into Special Administration. 

28. Group subsidiaries 
A full list of all subsidiary companies and their registered offices is given below: 

Company

African Consolidated Resources SRL
African Consolidated Resources PTC Ltd *
Breckridge Investments (Private) Limited
Cadex Investments (Private) Limited
Canape Investments (Private) Limited
Conneire Mining (Private) Limited
Dallaglio Investments (Private) Limited

Country of 
registration

Romania
BVI
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe

Dashaloo Investments (Private) Limited
Exchequer Mining Services (Private) Limited
Fisherman Mining Limited

Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zambia

Heavystuff Investment Company 
(Private) Limited
Kleton Investments (Private) Limited
Lafton Investments (Private) Limited
Lescaut Investments (Private) Limited
Lomite Investments (Private) Limited
Lotaven Investments (Private) Limited
Mayback Investments (Private) Limited
Millwall International Investments Limited
Moorestown Limited

Mystical Mining (Private) Limited
Naxten Investments (Private) Limited
Nivola Mining (Private) Limited
Olebile Investments (Private) Limited
Perkinson Investments (Private) Limited
Possession Investment Services 
(Private) Limited
Rabame Investments (Private) Limited
Ronquil Enterprises (Private) Limited
Sackler Investments (Private) Limited

Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
BVI
BVI

Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe

68  VAST RESOURCES

Reg. 
office Group Interest 
2018
note

2017

Nature of business 

1
3
5
5
6
6
5

6
6
7

6
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
3

6
6
6
6
6

6
6
6
6

Mining development 
nil
Nominee company 
25.05% Mining Production 

Claim holding 
Mining investment 
Claim holding 

80% 80%
nil
–
100% 100%
–
100%
100% 100%
–

25.05% Holding Company for 

100% 100%
100% 100%
49.6% 100%

Breckridge Investments 
(Private) Limited 
Claim holding 
Claim holding 
Mining exploration and 
development 

Claim holding 
25.05% Claim holding 
Claim holding 
25.05% Claim holding 
Claim holding 
25.05% Claim holding 
25.05% Claim holding 

100% 100%
–
100% 100%
–
100% 100%
–
–
100% 100%
100% 100%

Holding company 
Mining exploration and 
development 
Claim holding 
Asset holding 
25.05% Claim holding 
Claim holding 
Claim holding 

100% 100%
100% 100%
–
100% 100%
100% 100%

Claim holding 
25.05% Claim holding 
50.01% Holding company 

100% 100%
–
–
100% 100%

Claim holding

256569 Vast Resources R&A pp64-end.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 69

Company

Country of 
registration

Reg. 
office Group Interest 
2018
note

2017

Zimbabwe
Schont Mining Services (Private) Limited
Romania
Sinarom Mining Group SRL
UK
Vast Resources Nominees Limited **
UK
Vast Resources Romania Limited
Zimbabwe
Vast Resources Zimbabwe (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
Accufin Investments (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
Aeromags (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
Campstar Mining (Private) Limited
Chaperon Manufacturing (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
Charmed Technical Mining (Private) Limited Zimbabwe
Chianty Mining Services (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
Corampian Technical Mining (Private) Limited Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Deep Burg Mining Services (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
Deft Mining Services (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
Febrim Investments (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
Hemihelp Investments (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
Isiyala Mining (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
Katanga Mining (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
Kengen Trading (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
Kielty Investments (Private) Limited
Lucciola Investment Services 
(Private) Limited
Malaghan Investments (Private) Limited
Methven Investment Company 
(Private) Limited
Mimic Mining (Private) Limited
Monteiro Investments (Private) Limited
Nedziwe Mining (Private) Limited
Notebridge Investments (Private) Limited
Pickstone-Peerless Mining (Private) Limited
Prudent Mining (Private) Limited
Rania Haulage (Private) Limited
Regsite Mining Services (Private) Limited
Riberio Mining Services (Private) Limited
Swadini Miners (Private) Limited
Tamahine Investments (Private) Limited
The Salon Investments (Private) Limited
Vono Trading (Private) Limited
Wynton Investment Company 
(Private) Limited
Zimchew Investments (Private) Limited

Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe

6
2
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

6
6

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

6
6

100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%

Nature of business 

Claim holding 
Mining production 
Nominee company 
Mining investment 
Mining investment 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 

100% 100%
100% 100%

Dormant 
Dormant 

100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%
100% 100%

Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 
Dormant 

100% 100%
100% 100%

Dormant 
Dormant 

*
**

Notes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

The company has effective control of this entity 
Formerly ACR Nominees Ltd 

Addresses of Registered offices: 
Sat Iacobeni,Str.Minelor Nr.20, Jud. Suceava, Romania 
Str.9 Mai, Nr.20, Baia Mare, Jud.Maramures, 430274 Romania 
Nerine Chambers, PO Box 906, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands 
Nettlestead Place, Nettlestead, Maidstone, Kent ME18 6HE, United Kingdom 
121 Borrowdale Road, Gun Hill, Harare, Zimbabwe 
6, John Plagis Avenue, Alexandra Park, Harare, Zimbabwe 
Suite 2, Diplomatic Centre, Mass Media, Off Alick Nkhata Road, Lusaka, Zambia

VAST RESOURCES  69

  
 
256569 Vast Resources R&A pp64-end.qxp  11/10/2019  21:37  Page 70

Company information 

Directors

Secretary and registered office

Non-Executive Chairman 
Chief Executive Officer 
Finance Director 
Chief Operations Officer 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 

Brian Moritz
Richard Andrew Prelea
Roy Clifford Tucker
Craig Harvey
Eric Kevin Diack
Nick Hatch

Ben Harber 
60 Gracechurch Street 
London EC3V 0HR 

Country of incorporation

United Kingdom 

Legal form

Website

Auditors

Nominated & Financial Adviser

Corporate Broker

Registrars

Public Limited Company 

www.vastplc.com 

Crowe UK LLP 
St Bride’s House 
10 Salisbury Square 
London EC4Y 8EH 

Beaumont Cornish Limited 
10th Floor 
30, Crown Place 
London EC2A 4EB 

SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP 
Price Frederick House 
35-39 Maddox Street 
London W1S 2PP 

Link Asset Services 
The Registry 
34 Beckenham Road 
Beckenham 
Kent BR3 4TU 

Registered number

5414325

70  VAST RESOURCES

 
256569 Vast Resources R&A Cover spread.qxp  11/10/2019  21:35  Page 2

Vast Resources has a diversified portfolio encompassing 
the mining development curve. It is focused on the 
transformation from an exploration company to a mining 
company and delivering multiple revenue streams.

Piciourul 
Zimbrului

Carlibaba 

Manaila P

me
olyme

t lli M
allic Mine

Bait
a Plai 
allic Mine
P
oolyme
P
t

Blueberr
Gold Pr

y 
oject

a 
Magur
Neagr
a

obeni 
ocessing 

Iac
(Pr
Plan

t)

R

OMANIA

BUCHARE

TS

HARARE

ZIMB

AB

WE

w

a Community 

Chiadz
Diamond Concession

V
t RasVa

esour
(cid:3)
(cid:3)

ces has a long-s
t
anding pr
(cid:3)
(cid:3)
(cid:3)

(cid:3)
(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:286)(cid:448)(cid:415)(cid:272)(cid:437)(cid:282)(cid:381)(cid:396)(cid:393)(cid:296)(cid:381)(cid:381)(cid:349)(cid:367)(cid:381)(cid:414)(cid:396)(cid:381)(cid:393)(cid:258)(cid:336)(cid:374)(cid:349)(cid:346)(cid:400)(cid:349)(cid:367)(cid:271)(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:400)(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:381)(cid:282)(cid:286)(cid:400)(cid:437)(cid:272)(cid:381)(cid:296)(cid:400)(cid:349)(cid:410)(cid:47)(cid:856)(cid:286)(cid:449)(cid:271)(cid:258)(cid:271)(cid:373)(cid:349)(cid:127)(cid:374)(cid:349)(cid:282)(cid:374)(cid:258)
(cid:296)(cid:381)(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:349)(cid:367)(cid:286)(cid:393)(cid:349)(cid:393)(cid:400)(cid:410)(cid:349)(cid:336)(cid:374)(cid:349)(cid:448)(cid:381)(cid:373)(cid:282)(cid:374)(cid:258)(cid:373)(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:410)(cid:396)(cid:258)(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:346)(cid:410)(cid:374)(cid:349)(cid:400)(cid:286)(cid:349)(cid:396)(cid:410)(cid:374)(cid:437)(cid:381)(cid:272)(cid:381)(cid:449)(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:400)(cid:286)(cid:346)(cid:410)(cid:374)(cid:349)(cid:400)(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:400)(cid:400)(cid:258)
(cid:3)
(cid:856)(cid:286)(cid:448)(cid:396)(cid:437)(cid:272)(cid:410)(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:373)(cid:393)(cid:381)(cid:367)(cid:286)(cid:448)(cid:286)(cid:282)(cid:286)(cid:346)(cid:410)(cid:393)(cid:437)(cid:400)(cid:286)(cid:415)(cid:349)(cid:374)(cid:437)(cid:410)(cid:396)(cid:381)(cid:393)(cid:393)(cid:381)(cid:367)(cid:258)(cid:400)(cid:349)(cid:258)(cid:396)(cid:393)(cid:393)(cid:258)(cid:282)(cid:374)(cid:258)(cid:282)(cid:367)(cid:286)(cid:302)(cid:374)(cid:449)(cid:381)(cid:396)(cid:271)

(cid:3)
(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

ound in both R
(cid:3)

esence on the gr

h
(cid:3)

omania

256569 Vast Resources R&A Cover spread.qxp  11/10/2019  21:35  Page 1

VADV
AD
V
V
ALVA

Y MAR
ANCING PRIM
S 
INT
O 
UE DRIVER
T
TION
PR
ODUC

R

eport & A

Acc

oun
ts
2019

60 Gracechurch Street 
London, EC3V 0HR 
United Kingdom 

Info@vastplc.com 
+44 (0) 1491 615 232 

www.vastplc.com