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Valens Semiconductor Ltd.

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FY2023 Annual Report · Valens Semiconductor Ltd.
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CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
1250 René-Lévesque Boulevard West, Suite 2500, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3B 4Y1 
T: +1 514 205 5000, F: +1 514 876 1502  
“PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership. 
Independent auditor’s report 
To the Shareholders of Velan Inc. 
Our opinion 
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, 
the financial position of Velan Inc. and its subsidiaries (together, the Company) as at February 28, 2023 
and 2022, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards 
Board (IFRS). 
What we have audited 
The Company’s consolidated financial statements comprise: 

the consolidated statements of financial position as at February 28, 2023 and 2022; 

the consolidated statements of loss for the years then ended; 

the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the years then ended; 

the consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years then ended; 

the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended; and 

the notes to the consolidated financial statements, which include significant accounting policies and 
other explanatory information. 
Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. 
Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the 
audit of the consolidated financial statements section of our report. 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion. 
Independence 
We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements in Canada. We have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities 
in accordance with these requirements. 
1

Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended February 28, 2023. These matters were 
addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.  
Key audit matter 
How our audit addressed the key audit matter 
Asbestos provision
Refer to note 2 – Summary of significant accounting 
policies and note 12 – Provisions to the 
consolidated financial statements.
The Company’s asbestos provision amounted 
to $73.3 million as at February 28, 2023. Two of the 
Company’s US subsidiaries have been named 
as defendants in a number of pending lawsuits 
that seek to recover damages for personal injury 
allegedly caused by exposure to the asbestos 
containing products manufactured and sold in 
the past. 
Provisions are recognized when the Company has 
a present legal or constructive obligation as a result 
of a past event, it is probable that an outflow 
of resources will be required to settle the obligation, 
and the amount can be reliably estimated. 
Management used an actuary (management’s 
expert) to reliably measure the asbestos provision 
which is based on the closed with indemnity (CWI) 
claim decay method. Management used judgment 
in measuring the asbestos provision, including 
significant assumptions such as the expected 
number of future claims, the projected average 
CWI severity, the decay rate, the inflation rate and 
the discount rate. 
Our approach to addressing the matter included 
the following procedures, among others:

Tested how management determined 
the asbestos provision, which included 
the following:
 
The work of management’s experts was 
used in performing the procedures to 
evaluate the reasonableness of the 
asbestos provision. As a basis for using 
this work, the competence, capabilities and 
objectivity of management’s experts was 
evaluated, the work performed was 
understood and the appropriateness of 
the work as audit evidence was evaluated. 
The procedures performed also included 
evaluation of the methods and assumptions 
used by management’s experts, tests of the 
data used by management’s experts and 
an evaluation of their findings. 
 
Professionals with specialized skill and 
knowledge in the field of valuation assisted 
in evaluating the reasonableness of the 
expected number of future claims, the 
projected average CWI severity and the 
decay rate. 
 
Evaluated the reasonableness of the 
inflation rate by considering the historical 
increase in cost per claims settled and 
discount rate by considering evidence 
obtained in other areas of the audit. 
2

Key audit matter 
How our audit addressed the key audit matter 
We considered this a key audit matter due to the 
judgment used by management to measure the 
asbestos provision. This in turn resulted in 
subjectivity and a high degree of audit effort in 
performing procedures to test the asbestos 
provision. The audit effort involved the use of 
professionals with specialized skill and knowledge 
in the field of valuation. 
Other information 
Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the Management’s 
Discussion and Analysis. 
Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not 
and will not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 
In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other 
information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially 
inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or 
otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 
If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 
Responsibilities of management and those charged with governance for the 
consolidated financial statements 
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial 
statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines 
is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate 
the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 
Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial 
reporting process. 
3

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements 
as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s 
report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not 
a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards 
will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and 
are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence 
the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. 
As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise 
professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, 
whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and 
obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of 
not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, 
as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of 
internal control. 

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures 
that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the 
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. 

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 
estimates and related disclosures made by management. 

Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting 
and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events 
or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 
If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s 
report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures 
are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained 
up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company 
to cease to continue as a going concern. 

Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, 
including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying 
transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities 
or business activities within the Company to express an opinion on the consolidated financial 
statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. 
We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. 
4

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope 
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal 
control that we identify during our audit. 
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant 
ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other 
matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence and, where applicable, 
related safeguards. 
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters 
that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period 
and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law 
or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, 
we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences 
of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication. 
The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is  
Jean-François Lecours. 
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP1
Montréal, Quebec 
May 17, 2023 
1 CPA auditor, public accountancy permit No. A126402 
5

Bruno Carbonaro, Director
James A. Mannebach, Director
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
As at
February 28,
February 28,
2023
2022
$
$
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
50,513
   
54,015
   
Short-term investments
37
  
8,726
     
Accounts receivable (note 4)
121,053
  
115,834
 
Income taxes recoverable 
6,195
     
2,955
     
Inventories (note 5)
202,649
  
223,198
 
Deposits and prepaid expenses
7,559
     
6,877
     
Derivative assets (note 23)
107
    
553
    
388,113
  
412,158
 
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment (note 7 and 8)
68,205
   
73,906
   
Intangible assets and goodwill (note 9)
16,153
   
16,693
   
Deferred income taxes (note 19)
4,663
     
4,774
     
Other assets  
723
    
897
    
89,744
   
96,270
   
Total assets
477,857
  
508,428
 
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Bank indebtedness (note 10)
260
    
550
    
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (note 11)
79,408
   
80,503
   
Income taxes payable
2,832
     
3,806
     
Customer deposits
28,201
   
41,344
   
Provisions (note 12)
16,485
   
18,444
   
Derivative liabilities (note 23)
299
    
560
    
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities (note 8)
1,298
     
1,360
     
Current portion of long-term debt (note 13)
8,177
     
8,111
     
136,960
  
154,678
 
Non-current liabilities
Long-term lease liabilities (note 8)
9,458
     
11,073
   
Long-term debt (note 13)
21,719
   
22,927
   
Income taxes payable
933
    
1,244
     
Deferred income taxes (note 19)
3,966
     
4,025
     
Customer deposits
27,937
   
30,139
   
Provisions (note 12)
70,924
   
13,101
   
Other liabilities
5,125
     
5,731
     
140,062
  
88,240
   
Total liabilities
277,022
  
242,918
 
Total equity
200,835
  
265,510
 
Total liabilities and equity
477,857
  
508,428
 
Commitments and contingencies (note 21)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6

 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Loss
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, excluding per share amounts)
Fiscal years ended
February 28,
February 28,
2023
2022
$
$
Sales (note 12 and 22)
370,429
             
411,242
             
Cost of sales (notes 5 and 15)
257,964
             
276,273
             
Gross profit
112,465
             
134,969
             
Administration costs (note 16)
156,759
             
113,039
             
Gain on disposal of Juwon Special Steel Co. Ltd.  (note 6)
-
                     
(16,108)
              
Other expense (income)
1,568
                 
(538)
                  
Operating profit (loss)
(45,862)
              
38,576
               
Finance income
467
                    
392
                    
Finance costs
(2,019)
                
(2,792)
                
Finance costs – net
(1,552)
                
(2,400)
                
Income (loss) before income taxes
(47,414)
              
36,176
               
Income tax expense (note 19)
8,045
                 
46,431
               
Net loss for the year
(55,459)
              
(10,255)
              
Net income (loss) attributable to:  
Subordinate Voting Shares and Multiple Voting Shares   
(55,453)
              
(21,141)
              
Non-controlling interest
(6)
                      
10,886
               
Net loss for the year
(55,459)
              
(10,255)
              
Net loss per Subordinate and Multiple Voting Share (note 20)
Basic and diluted
(2.57)
                  
(0.98)
                 
Dividends declared per Subordinate and Multiple     
0.02
                   
-
                    
Voting Share
(CA$0.03)
(CA$-)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
 
7

 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Fiscal years ended
February 28,
February 28,
2023
2022
$
$
Comprehensive loss   
Net loss for the year
(55,459)
              
(10,255)
              
Other comprehensive loss
Foreign currency translation
(8,985)
                
(11,159)
              
Comprehensive loss   
(64,444)
              
(21,414)
              
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to:   
Subordinate Voting Shares and Multiple Voting Shares
(64,438)
              
(32,260)
              
Non-controlling interest
(6)
                      
10,846
               
Comprehensive loss   
(64,444)
              
(21,414)
              
Other comprehensive loss is composed solely of items that may be reclassified subsequently to the consolidated 
statement of loss.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8

 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, excluding number of shares)
Equity attributable to the Subordinate and Multiple Voting shareholders
Share capital 
Contributed 
surplus
Accumulated 
other 
comprehensive 
loss
Retained 
earnings
Total
Non-controlling 
interest
Total equity
Balance - February 28, 2021
72,695
            
6,260
              
(21,007)
               
239,136
          
297,084
          
3,137
              
300,221
          
Net income (loss) for the year
-
                  
-
                  
-
                      
(21,141)
           
(21,141)
           
10,886
            
(10,255)
           
Other comprehensive loss
-
                  
-
                  
(11,119)
               
-
                  
(11,119)
           
(40)
                  
(11,159)
           
Comprehensive income (loss)
-
                  
-
                  
(11,119)
               
(21,141)
           
(32,260)
           
10,846
            
(21,414)
           
Disposal of non-controlling interests (note 6)
-
                  
-
                  
-
                      
-
                  
-
                  
(12,454)
           
(12,454)
           
Dividends
    Non-controlling interest
-
                  
-
                  
-
                      
-
                  
-
                  
(843)
                
(843)
                
Balance - February 28, 2022
72,695
            
6,260
              
(32,126)
               
217,995
          
264,824
          
686
                 
265,510
          
Net loss for the year
-
                  
-
                  
-
                      
(55,453)
           
(55,453)
           
(6)
                   
(55,459)
           
Other comprehensive loss
-
                  
-
                  
(8,985)
                 
-
                  
(8,985)
             
-
                  
(8,985)
             
Comprehensive loss
-
                  
-
                  
(8,985)
                 
(55,453)
           
(64,438)
           
(6)
                   
(64,444)
           
Acquisition of non-controlling interests
-
                  
-
                  
-
                      
-
                  
-
                  
266
                 
266
                 
Other
-
                  
-
                  
(97)
                      
97
                   
-
                  
-
                  
-
                  
Dividends
    Multiple Voting Shares
-
                  
-
                  
-
                      
(366)
                
(366)
                
-
                  
(366)
                
    Subordinate Voting Shares
-
                  
-
                  
-
                      
(131)
                
(131)
                
-
                  
(131)
                
Balance - February 28, 2023
72,695
            
6,260
              
(41,208)
               
162,142
          
199,889
          
946
                 
200,835
          
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
9

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Fiscal years ended
February 28,
February 28,
2023
2022
$
$
Cash flows from   
Operating activities 
Net loss for the year
(55,459)
      
(10,255)
       
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities (note 25)
67,553
       
45,152
  
Changes in non-cash working capital items (note 26)
(11,572)
      
(17,029)
       
Cash provided by operating activities   
522
      
17,868
  
Investing activities   
Short-term investments
8,250
   
(8,708)
   
Additions to property, plant and equipment
(4,370)
  
(6,144)
   
Additions to intangible assets
(2,219)
  
(2,477)
   
Proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets 
185
      
30,183
  
Proceeds on disposal of Juwon Steel Co. Ltd. net of cash disposal
- 
(12,684)
 
Net change in other assets
(87)
 
(196)
 
Cash provided (used) by investing activities     
1,759
   
(26)
   
Financing activities   
Dividends paid to Subordinate and Multiple Voting shareholders
(497)
 
- 
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest
- 
(843)
 
Acquisition of non-controlling interests
266
      
-
   
Net change in revolving credit facility
- 
(22,132)
 
Increase in long-term debt
3,666
   
7,874
 
Repayment of long-term debt
(4,398)
  
(6,722)
 
Repayment of long-term lease liabilities
(1,657)
  
(1,696)
 
Cash used by financing activities 
(2,620)
  
(23,519)
       
Effect of exchange rate differences on cash 
(2,873)
  
(3,811)
   
Net change in cash during the year
(3,212)
  
(9,488)
   
Net cash – Beginning of the year
53,465
       
62,953
  
Net cash – End of the year
50,253
       
53,465
  
Net cash is composed of:
 Cash and cash equivalents
50,513
       
54,015
  
 Bank indebtedness
(260)
 
(550)
 
Net cash – End of the year
50,253
       
53,465
  
Supplementary information   
Interest paid
(974)
 
(1,509)
 
Income taxes paid
(8,160)
  
(4,293)
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
10

 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, excluding number of shares and per share amounts) 
1 
General information and basis of preparation 
These consolidated financial statements represent the consolidation of the accounts of Velan Inc. (the “Company”) 
and its subsidiaries. The Company is an international manufacturer of industrial valves.  
The Company is a public company listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “VLN”. It was incorporated 
under the name Velan Engineering Ltd. on December 12, 1952 and continued under the Canada Business 
Corporations Act on February 11, 1977. It changed its name to Velan Inc. on February 20, 1981.  Velan Inc. maintains 
its registered head office at 7007 Côte de Liesse, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4T 1G2. The Company’s ultimate 
parent company is Velan Holdings Co. Ltd. 
The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”).  
These consolidated financial statements were approved by the Company’s Board of Directors on May 17, 2023. 
2 
Summary of significant accounting policies 
Functional and presentation currency 
Functional currency is defined as the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates. 
Indicators for determining an entity’s functional currency are broken down into primary and secondary indicators. 
Primary indicators include: 
 
the currency of sales and cash inflows; 
 
the currency of the country having primary influence over sales prices; and 
 
the currency of expenses and cash outflows. 
Primary indicators receive more weight than secondary indicators. If a functional currency can be determined based 
on the primary indicators, the secondary indicators are not considered. 
The functional and presentation currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. 
Consolidation 
These consolidated financial statements represent the consolidation of the accounts of the Company and its 
subsidiaries. Control exists when the Company is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement 
with an investee, including a structured entity, and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct 
the activities of an investee. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date control has been transferred to the 
Company and deconsolidated from the date control ceases. 
All subsidiaries prepare their financial statements at the same reporting date as the Company except for Velan Valvac 
Manufacturing Co. Ltd., which has a December 31 fiscal year-end. Consolidated earnings include the Company’s 
share of the results of its operations to that date. Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealized gains or losses 
on transactions between companies are eliminated. 
Foreign currency transactions and balances 
The Company and its subsidiaries translate foreign currency transactions and balances into their functional 
currencies. Foreign currency is defined as any currency that is different from an individual entity’s functional currency.  
 
11

 
 
 
 
Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated at year-end exchange rates. Non-monetary assets 
are translated at rates prevailing at the transaction dates. Revenue and expenses in foreign currencies are translated 
at weekly average rates throughout the year. Gains and losses arising on translation are included in the consolidated 
statement of loss for the year. 
Translation of accounts of foreign subsidiaries 
The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar are 
translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. All assets and liabilities are translated at year-end rates, and 
revenue and expenses at the average rate for the period. Resulting gains and losses are included in other 
comprehensive loss for the year. 
Financial instruments 
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity 
instrument of another entity. The Company’s financial assets comprise mainly cash and cash equivalents, short-term 
investments, accounts receivable and derivative assets. The Company’s financial liabilities comprise mainly bank 
indebtedness, short-term bank loans, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, customer deposits, long-term debt 
and derivative liabilities.  
The Company recognizes a financial instrument on its consolidated statement of financial position when the Company 
becomes party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument or non-financial derivative contract (see 
Embedded derivatives). All financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently measured at 
amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit and loss depending on the 
Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the 
financial asset. Except in very limited circumstances, the classification is not changed subsequent to initial 
recognition.   
Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or have been 
transferred and the Company has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. Financial liabilities are 
derecognized when the obligation underlying the liability has been discharged, cancelled or has expired.   
Financial instruments classified at fair value through profit and loss 
Derivative financial instruments are classified at fair value through profit and loss at each statement of financial 
position date with the changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of loss in the year in which these 
changes arise.  
Financial instruments classified at amortized cost 
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable, bank indebtedness, 
short-term bank loans, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, customer deposits and long-term debt, including 
interest payable are financial instruments carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. The 
interest income or expense is included in the consolidated statement of loss over the expected life of the instrument. 
The Company assesses the expected credit losses associated with its financial assets measured at amortized costs 
at the end of every fiscal year.  The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant 
increase in credit risk.  
The Company applies the simplified approach permitted by IFRS 9 for trade receivables which requires the expected 
lifetime losses to be recorded at initial recognition.   
Embedded derivatives 
Derivatives may be embedded in other financial instruments (the “host instrument”). Embedded derivatives are 
treated as separate derivatives if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host 
instrument, the terms of the embedded derivative are the same as those of a stand-alone derivative, and the 
combined contract is not measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in profit and loss, nor designated 
at fair value through profit or loss. In other words, if the derivative is embedded in a financial instrument classified at 
fair value through profit and loss, it is not separated.     
12

 
 
 
 
The Company and its subsidiaries enter into certain contracts for the purchase and sale of non-financial items that 
are denominated in currencies other than their respective functional currencies. In cases where the foreign exchange 
component is not leveraged and does not contain an option feature, the contract is denominated in the functional 
currency of any substantial party to that contract, the currency in which the price of the related good or service that 
is acquired or delivered is routinely denominated in commercial transactions around the world, the currency that is 
commonly used in contracts to purchase or sell non-financial items in the economic environment in which the 
transactions takes place, the embedded derivative is considered to be closely related to the host instrument and is 
not accounted for separately. 
The fair value of the embedded derivatives related to sales contracts is recorded in sales; purchase contracts are 
recorded in cost of sales. On the consolidated statement of financial position, gains are recorded as derivative assets 
and losses are recorded as derivative liabilities. 
Transaction costs are expensed when incurred. 
Fair value 
Estimated fair values for financial instruments are designed to approximate amounts at which the instruments could 
be exchanged in a current arm’s-length transaction between knowledgeable willing parties. The fair value of derivative 
instruments is determined using valuation techniques.  
The Company has evaluated the fair values of its financial instruments based on the current interest rate environment, 
related market values and current pricing of financial instruments with comparable terms. 
Revenue recognition 
Revenue comprises the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of goods and services in 
the ordinary course of the Company’s activities. Revenue is shown net of variable compensation such as returns, 
rebates, discounts and provisions for performance guarantees. 
Revenue is recognized when the 5-step approach dictated by IFRS 15 has been completed.  The 5-steps leading to 
revenue recognition are to identify the contract(s) with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, 
determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and 
recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.   
Sales of goods 
Sales of goods are recognized when the Company has delivered products to the customer and there is no unfulfilled 
obligation that could affect the customer’s acceptance of the products. Delivery of the products does not occur until 
the products have been shipped to a specified location in accordance with the agreed-upon shipping terms, the 
control, the risk of obsolescence and loss have been transferred to the customer, and either the customer has 
accepted the products in accordance with the sales contract, the acceptance provisions have lapsed, or the Company 
has objective evidence that all criteria for acceptance have been satisfied. Customers have a right to return faulty 
products, and some products are sold with volume discounts. Sales are recorded based on the price specified in the 
sales contract, net of the estimated volume discounts and returns at the time of sale. Accumulated experience is 
used to estimate and provide for the discounts, returns and accruals for performance guarantees. The volume 
discounts are assessed based on anticipated annual purchases. 
Provision for performance guarantees are provisions that arise for possible late delivery and other contractual 
non-compliance penalties or liquidated damages. It is recognized as a reduction of sales when the Company has a 
present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, and the amount has been reliably estimated. 
Provision for performance guarantees is not recognized for costs that need to be incurred to operate in the future or 
expected future operating losses.  
Sales of services 
Sales of services are recognized when the Company renders services.  
Interest income 
Interest income is recognized using the effective interest rate method. 
13

 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash in banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with 
original maturities of three months or less, and bank indebtedness. Bank indebtedness is shown in current liabilities 
on the consolidated statement of financial position.  
Short-term investments 
Short-term investments include all highly liquid investments with original maturities greater than three months but 
less than one year.  
Inventories 
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price 
in the ordinary course of business, less applicable variable selling expenses. Cost of inventories is determined as 
follows: 
a) raw materials principally using the weighted average method except for items that are not ordinarily 
interchangeable, in which case specific identification of their individual costs is used; and 
b) work in process and finished goods using the raw material cost described in (a) plus applicable direct labour and 
manufacturing overhead. 
The value of obsolete or unmarketable inventory is based on the Company’s assessment of market conditions for its 
products determined by historical usage, estimated future demand and, in some cases, the specific risk of loss on 
specifically identified inventory. The write-down may be reversed if the circumstances which caused it no longer exist. 
Property, plant and equipment 
Property, plant and equipment are valued at acquisition or manufacturing costs less any related government 
assistance, accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Acquisition costs include any 
expenditure that is directly related to the acquisition of the item. Manufacturing costs include direct material and 
labour costs plus applicable manufacturing overheads. Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, 
construction or production of assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to be ready for their intended 
use are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as those assets are ready for their intended use.  
Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, 
only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost 
of the item can be reliably measured. The carrying amount of a replaced part is expensed as the parts are used. All 
other repairs and maintenance are charged to the consolidated statement of loss during the period in which they are 
incurred. 
Depreciation of assets commences when the assets are ready for their intended use. The assets’ residual values 
and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. Changes in expected 
useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are accounted 
for by changing the depreciation period or method, as appropriate, and treated on a prospective basis as a change 
in estimate. 
Depreciation on the property, plant and equipment is determined principally using the following methods and annual 
rates or terms: 
 
 
Method 
 
Rate/term 
Buildings 
Declining balance 
4% to 5% 
Machinery and equipment/Furniture and fixtures 
Declining balance 
10% to 31% 
Data processing equipment 
Straight-line 
3 years 
Rolling stock 
Declining balance 
30% 
Leasehold improvements 
Straight-line 
Over lease terms 
 
14

 
 
 
 
Goodwill 
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the Company’s share of the net identifiable 
assets of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is carried at cost less accumulated impairment 
losses. 
Intangible assets 
Purchased intangible assets relate primarily to patents, products, designs, customer lists, non-compete agreements 
and computer software. Internally generated intangible assets relate to development costs. Research and 
development costs are expensed as incurred unless the development costs meet the criteria for deferral.  
Amortization expense is recognized in the consolidated statement of loss in the expense category consistent with the 
function of the intangible asset. The assets’ useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each 
reporting period or more frequently if events or circumstances occur that would indicate a change in useful life. 
Changes in expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the 
asset are accounted for by changing the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and treated on a prospective 
basis as a change in estimate. Amortization is determined principally using the following methods and terms: 
 
 
Method 
 
Rate/term 
Patents, products and designs 
Straight-line 
5 to 15 years 
Customer lists 
Straight-line 
10 years 
Non-compete agreements 
Straight-line 
5 years 
Computer software 
Straight-line 
1 to 3 years 
Government assistance 
Government assistance, in the form of wage subsidies and investment tax credits (“ITCs”), is accounted for using the 
cost reduction method. Under this method, assistance relating to eligible expenditures is deducted from the cost of 
the related assets or related expenses in the period in which the expenditures are incurred, provided there is 
reasonable assurance of realization. The details of the wage subsidies received by the Company are disclosed in 
notes 15 to 17. 
Impairment of non-financial assets 
Assets that have an indefinite life (e.g. goodwill or indefinite life intangible assets) are not subject to amortization are 
tested annually for impairment (unless conditions that exempt annual testing are met), or more frequently if events 
or circumstances indicate there may be impairment.   
All other long-lived assets must be reviewed at the end of each reporting period in order to determine whether there 
is an indication of possible impairment.  
For the purposes of impairment testing, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately 
identifiable cash flows. A cash-generating unit (“CGU”) is the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows 
that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. If an indication of impairment 
exists, the recoverable amount of the CGU is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss, if 
any. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable 
amount. If the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than the carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first 
to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU and then to the other assets of the CGU on a pro 
rata basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the CGU. The recoverable amount is the greater of an asset’s or 
CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows 
are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the 
time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. 
Goodwill is allocated to CGUs for the purpose of impairment testing based on the level at which it is monitored by 
management. The allocation is made to those CGUs that are expected to benefit from the business combination in 
which the goodwill arose. 
15

 
 
 
 
Non-current and non-financial assets, other than goodwill, that have previously suffered an impairment loss are 
reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date. 
Income taxes 
The provision for income taxes for the year comprises current and deferred income taxes. Taxes are recognized in 
the consolidated statement of loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive 
income (loss) or directly in equity, in which case the taxes are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) or 
equity, respectively. 
Current income taxes 
The current income taxes charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the 
statement of financial position date in the countries where the Company generates taxable profits. When an asset is 
transferred between entities within the consolidated group, the difference between the tax rates of the two entities is 
recognized as a tax expense in the period in which the transfer occurs. Current taxes payable is recognized for any 
taxes payable in the current period. Current tax liabilities are recognized for current taxes to the extent that they 
remain unpaid for current and prior periods.  
Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax 
regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate. Uncertain income tax provisions 
are recorded when probable and are recorded at the Company’s best estimate of the amount. 
Deferred income taxes 
Deferred income taxes are recognized using the liability method on temporary differences arising between the tax 
bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in the consolidated financial statements. However, the 
deferred income taxes are not accounted for if they arise from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction 
other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or 
loss. Deferred income taxes are determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted 
by the statement of financial position date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is 
realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent 
that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be used. 
Deferred income tax assets are reviewed at each statement of financial position date and amended to the extent that 
it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.  
Deferred income taxes are provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, except where 
the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Company and it is probable that the 
temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 
Current income tax assets and liabilities are offset when the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset the 
recognized amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability 
simultaneously. Normally, the Company would only have a legally enforceable right to set off a current tax asset 
against a current tax liability when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the taxation 
authority permits the Company to make or receive a single net payment. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities 
are offset when the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off current income tax assets against current 
income tax liabilities and deferred income tax assets and liabilities related to income taxes levied by the same taxation 
authority on either: (1) the same taxable entity; or (2) different taxable entities which intend either to settle current tax 
liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realize assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period 
in which significant amounts of deferred income tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered. 
Provisions 
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past 
event, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount has been 
reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognized for costs that need to be incurred to operate in the future or expected 
future operating losses.  
16

 
 
 
 
Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax 
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the 
obligation. 
Provision for performance guarantees is measured at the present value of the expenditures required to settle the 
obligation using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the 
risks specific to the obligation. 
Leases 
In situations where the Company is a lessee, it recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability when the asset is 
available for use. The right-of-use asset is measured at the amount of the lease liability adjusted for any initial direct 
costs, prepaid lease payments, restoration costs, and any lease incentives received. The right-of-use asset is 
depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the asset using the straight-line method since it closely 
reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits. The right-of-use asset may be 
periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurement of the lease liability. 
The lease liability is measured at the present value of lease payments payable discounted using the implicit rate or 
the Company’s incremental borrowing rate when the implicit rate cannot be determined. It is subsequently measured 
at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease 
payments arising from a change in an index, rate or estimate. Cash payments for the principal portion of the lease 
liability are presented within the financial activities and the interest portion of the lease liability is presented within the 
operating activities of the statement of cash flows. 
The Company has elected to apply the recognition exemptions for short term leases and leases where the underlying 
asset has a low value whereby payments made are charged to the consolidated statement of loss on a straight-line 
basis over the term of the lease. 
Share-based compensation plans 
Grants under the Company’s share-based compensation plans are accounted for in accordance with the fair 
value-based method of accounting. The Company operates a share-based compensation plan under which it receives 
services from employees as consideration for share options, performance share units (“PSUs”) and deferred share 
units (“DSUs”).  
Share options 
The fair value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant of the options is amortized over the vesting 
period as compensation expense, with a corresponding increase to contributed surplus. The total amount to be 
expensed is determined by multiplying the number of options expected to vest with the fair value of one option as of 
the grant date as determined by the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Remaining an employee of the Company 
for a specified period of time is the only condition for vesting. Vesting typically occurs one-quarter per year over four 
years from the grant date. This non-market performance condition is factored into the estimate of the number of 
options expected to vest. If the number of options expected to vest differs from that originally expected, the expense 
is adjusted accordingly. When options are exercised, the Company issues new shares. The proceeds received, 
together with the amount recorded in contributed surplus, net of any directly attributable transaction costs, are 
recorded in share capital. 
PSUs and DSUs 
PSUs and DSUs may be granted to certain of its independent directors and full-time employees as part of their 
long-term compensation package entitling them to receive payout in cash based on the Company’s share price at the 
relevant time. A liability for PSUs and DSUs is measured at fair value on the grant date and is subsequently adjusted 
at each balance sheet date for changes in fair value according to the estimation made by management of the number 
of PSUs and DSUs that will eventually vest. The liability is recognized to accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
over the vesting period, with a corresponding charge to compensation expense. 
 
 
17

 
 
 
 
Critical accounting estimates and assumptions 
The Company’s significant accounting policies as described above are essential to understanding the Company’s 
results of operations, financial positions and cash flows. Certain of these accounting policies require critical 
accounting estimates that involve complex and subjective judgments and the use of assumptions, some of which 
may be for matters that are inherently uncertain and susceptible to change. The assumptions and estimates used 
are based on parameters which are derived from the knowledge at the time of preparing the financial statements and 
believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. In particular, the circumstances prevailing at this time and 
assumptions as to the expected future development of the global and industry-specific environment were used to 
estimate the Company’s future business performance. Where these conditions develop differently than assumed and 
beyond the control of the Company, the actual results may differ from those anticipated. These estimates and 
underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the 
period in which the estimate is changed.  
Inventories 
Inventories must be valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. A write-down of inventory will occur when 
its estimated net realisable value (which is the estimated selling price minus costs necessary to make the sell) is 
below its carrying amount. This involves significant management judgment and is based on the Company’s 
assessment of market conditions for its products determined by historical usage, estimated future demand and, in 
some cases, the specific risk of loss on specifically identified inventory.  Any change in the assumptions used in 
assessing this valuation or selling costs could impact the carrying amount of the inventory on the consolidated 
statement of financial position with a corresponding impact made to cost of sales on the consolidated statement of 
loss. 
Warranty provisions 
Provisions must be established for possible product warranty expenses. The Company estimates its warranty 
exposure by taking into account past experience as well as any known technical problems and estimates of costs to 
resolve these issues. The Company estimates its exposure under these obligations based on an analysis of all 
identified or expected claims. Any change in the assumptions used could impact the value of the provision on the 
consolidated statement of financial position with a corresponding impact made to cost of sales on the consolidated 
statement of loss.  
Provision for performance guarantees 
Provision for performance guarantees consist of possible late delivery and other contractual non-compliance 
penalties or liquidated damages. The Company estimates the specific contractual terms, historical trends and 
forward-looking performance risks. The Company estimates its exposure under these obligations based on an 
analysis of all identified or expected claims. Any change in the assumptions used could impact the value of the 
provision for performance guarantees on the consolidated statement of financial position with a corresponding impact 
made to sales on the consolidated statement of loss. 
Asbestos provision 
Asbestos provision estimates the liability related to all settlement costs on outstanding open and future cases in 
relations with the Company’s ongoing asbestos litigations. During the year ended February 28, 2023, the Company 
recorded the estimated settlement costs for unreported claims relating to its Asbestos legal claims. Previously, the 
Company only recognized the estimated settlement costs relating to reported claims. With the assistance of an 
actuary, the Company calculated the asbestos provision using the closed with indemnity (CWI) claim decay method 
and a 6.0% discount rate with the following significant assumptions: 
 
Expected number of future claims. A reasonably possible change of 1% has an impact on the total liability of 
$706. 
 
Projected average CWI severity. A reasonably possible change of 1% has an impact on the total liability of $706. 
 
Decay rate represents the rate at which the number of claims will decrease. A reasonably possible change of 1% 
has an impact on the total liability of $7,020. 
 
The inflation rate. A reasonably possible change of 1% has an impact on the total liability of $6,313. 
18

 
 
 
 
The Company’s estimate of the asbestos provision takes into consideration historical experience in settling those 
claims and projects them in the future using three different methods of valuation. Any change in the assumptions 
used could impact the value of the asbestos provision on the consolidated statement of financial position with a 
corresponding impact made to administration costs on the consolidated statement of loss. 
Impairment of non-financial assets 
Assets that have an indefinite life, such as goodwill, are tested annually by the Company for impairment, or more 
frequently if events or circumstances indicate there may be impairment. All other assets must be reviewed by the 
Company at the end of each reporting period in order to determine whether there is an indication of possible 
impairment. Determining whether there are indicators of potential impairment is a matter of significant judgment. 
When determining the recoverable amount of a CGU, management prepares estimates based on assumptions such 
as the weighted-average cost of capital, the Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) 
margin, revenue growth or the recoverable amount of each individual assets. Any change in the assumptions used 
could impact the carrying amount of the CGU. 
Income taxes 
The Company must estimate its income taxes in each jurisdiction in which it operates. This involves assessing the 
probability of using net operating losses against future taxable profits as well as evaluating positions taken in tax 
returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. In the event these 
assessments are changed, there would be an adjustment to income tax expense with a corresponding adjustment to 
income tax balances on the consolidated statement of financial position. 
Critical judgements in applying the Company’s accounting policies 
Consolidation 
On December 15, 2021, the Company disposed of its participation in Juwon Special Steel Co. Ltd. Refer to note 6 c) 
for more information on the transactions and financial information at disposal date. 
Until disposition, the Company consolidated the accounts of Juwon Special Steel Co. Ltd. in these consolidated 
financial statements. It was determined that the Company had substantive rights over this structured entity that were 
currently exercisable and for which there was no barrier, despite the fact that its percentage ownership in this entity 
was only 50%. These substantive rights were obtained through the shareholders’ agreement signed between the 
Company and the non-controlling interest which gave the Company the ultimate decision right on any decision taken 
for which both parties in the joint arrangement were not in agreement. As per the shareholders’ agreement, the Board 
of Directors, representing the interests of shareholders, had responsibility to establish operating decisions (including 
budgets), approve capital transactions and determine key management personnel remuneration. Consequently, the 
Company, through its rights set out in the shareholders’ agreement, had substantive rights that gave it the ability to 
direct the relevant activities of Juwon Special Steel Co. Ltd. while being exposed to variable returns. As such, it was 
determined that this entity should be consolidated. 
3 
New accounting standards and amendments 
Accounting standards and amendments issued but not yet adopted  
IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements requires that, for an entity to classify a liability as non-current, the entity 
must have the right at the reporting date to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after that date. 
In January 2020, the Board issued the amendments Classification of liabilities as current or non-current to IAS 1 
(2020 amendments). The 2020 amendments originally had an effective date for reporting periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2023. Applying the 2020 amendments, an entity does not have the right to defer settlement of a 
liability—and thus classifies the liability as current—when the entity would not have complied with covenants based 
on its circumstances at the reporting date, even if compliance with such covenants were tested only within twelve 
months after that date. 
The amendments issued in October 2022 clarify that covenants of loan arrangements which an entity must comply 
with only after the reporting date would not affect classification of a liability as current or non-current at the reporting 
19

 
 
 
 
date. However, those covenants that an entity is required to comply with on or before the reporting date would affect 
classification as current or non-current, even if the covenant is only assessed after the entity’s reporting date. 
The 2022 amendments introduce additional disclosure requirements. When an entity classifies a liability arising from 
a loan arrangement as non-current and that liability is subject to the covenants which an entity is required to comply 
with within twelve months of the reporting date, the entity shall disclose information in the notes that enables users 
of financial statements to understand the risk that the liability could become repayable within twelve months of the 
reporting period, including: 
a) the carrying amount of the liability; 
b) information about the covenants; 
c) facts and circumstances, if any, that indicate the entity may have difficulty complying with the covenants. Such 
facts and circumstances could also include the fact that the entity would not have complied with the covenants 
based on its circumstances at the end of the reporting period 
The amendments to IAS 1 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024 with earlier 
adoption permitted and should be applied retrospectively. The Company does not expect the amendment to have a 
significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. 
4 
Accounts receivable 
 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Trade accounts receivable 
 
113,529 
108,217 
Loss allowance 
 
(481)  
(509)  
Other accounts receivables 
 
8,005 
8,126 
 
 
121,053 
115,834 
The table below summarizes the movements in the loss allowance: 
 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Balance – Beginning of year 
 
509 
1,146 
Loss allowance expense (reversal) 
 
46 
321 
Recoveries of trade accounts receivable 
 
(47) 
(683) 
Write-off of trade accounts receivable 
 
- 
(241) 
Foreign exchange 
 
(27) 
(34) 
Balance – End of year 
 
481 
509 
The loss allowance is included in the administration costs on the consolidated statement of loss. 
Amounts charged to the loss allowance account are generally written off when there is not a reasonable expectation 
of recovery. 
20

 
 
 
 
5 
Inventories 
 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Raw materials 
 
36,223 
48,381 
Work in process and finished parts 
 
128,670 
136,221 
Finished goods 
 
37,756 
38,596 
 
 
202,649 
223,198 
As a result of variations in the ageing of its inventories, the Company recognized a net additional inventory provision 
for the year of $4 (2022 – $3,479), including reversals of $10,769 (2022 – $4,911).  
The net book value of inventories pledged as security under the Company’s long-term debt amounted to $91,007 
(2022 – $98,306). 
6 
Subsidiaries and transactions with non-controlling interests 
a) Interest in subsidiaries 
Set out below are the Company’s principal subsidiaries as at February 28, 2023.  Unless otherwise stated, the 
subsidiaries have share capital consisting solely of ordinary shares, which are held directly by the Company, and the 
proportion of ownership interests held equals the voting rights held by the Company.  The country of incorporation or 
registration is also their principal place of business. 
 
 
 
 
% of ownership 
held by the 
Company 
% of ownership 
held by the non-
controlling 
interests 
 
 
Name of entity 
Functional 
currency 
Country of 
incorporation 
 
2023 
 
2022 
 
2023 
 
2022 
 
Principal activities 
Velan Valve Corp. 
U.S. Dollar 
U.S.A 
100 
100 
- 
- 
Valve Manufacturer 
Velan Ltd. 
U.S. Dollar 
Korea 
100 
100 
- 
- 
Valve Manufacturer 
Velan Gulf Manufacturing Co. Ltd. 
Saudi Riyal 
Saudi Arabia 
60 
- 
40 
- 
Valve Manufacturer 
Velan Valvulas Industriais Lda. 
Euro 
Portugal 
100 
100 
- 
- 
Valve Manufacturer 
Velan S.A.S. 
Euro 
France 
100 
100 
- 
- 
Valve Manufacturer 
Segault S.A.S. 
Euro 
France 
75 
75 
25 
25 
Valve Manufacturer 
Velan GmbH 
Euro 
Germany 
100 
100 
- 
- 
Valve Distribution 
Velan ABV S.r.l. 
Euro 
Italy 
100 
100 
- 
- 
Valve Manufacturer 
Velan Valvac Manufacturing Co. Ltd. 
U.S. Dollar 
Taiwan 
90 
90 
10 
10 
Valve Manufacturer 
Velan Valve (Suzhou) Co. Ltd. 
U.S. Dollar 
China 
85 
85 
15 
15 
Valve Manufacturer 
Velan Valves India Private Limited 
Indian Rupee 
India 
100 
100 
- 
- 
Valve Manufacturer 
b) Significant restrictions 
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held in certain Asian countries are subject to local exchange 
control regulations.  These regulations provide for restrictions on exporting capital from those countries, other than 
through normal dividends.  However, such restrictions do not have a significant impact on the Company’s operations 
and treasury management as less than 13% (2022 – 16%) of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and short-
21

 
 
 
 
term investments are subject to such restrictions. The total amount of cash and cash equivalents and short-term 
investments subject to such restrictions as at February 28, 2023 was $6,258 (2022 – $8,825).    
c) Non-controlling interests 
On December 15, 2021, the Company disposed of its investment in Juwon Special Steel Co. Ltd. (“Juwon”), a 
50%-owned Korean foundry. Prior to the disposal of Juwon, the subsidiary sold a land and a plant located in Busan, 
South Korea, for net proceeds of $27,011 which resulted in a gain on disposal of $22,986. With these proceeds, 
Juwon purchased the Company’s investment for $3,387 which resulted in a loss on disposal of $6,878. The net gain 
of $16,108 realized on the two transactions was presented on a net basis since both transactions were essentially 
interrelated as one could not have occurred without the other. The net gain after minority interests amounted to 
$4,615. 
7 
Property, plant and equipment 
 
 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
 
 
Land 
$ 
 
 
 
Buildings 
$ 
 
Machinery 
& 
equipment 
$ 
 
 
Furnitures 
& fixtures 
$ 
 
Data 
processing 
equipment 
$ 
 
 
Rolling 
stock 
$ 
 
Leasehold 
improve-
ments 
$ 
Right-of-
use 
assets 
(note 8) 
$ 
 
 
 
Total 
$ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At February 28, 2021 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost 
26,501 
56,184 
141,940 
8,797 
7,876 
2,583 
3,117 
17,221 
264,219 
Accumulated depreciation 
- 
(29,414) 
(115,927) 
(7,947) 
(6,906) 
(2,287) 
(2,106) 
(3,305) 
(167,892) 
 
26,501 
26,770 
26,013 
850 
970 
296 
1,011 
13,916 
96,327 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended February 28, 2022 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance 
26,501 
26,770 
26,013 
850 
970 
269 
1,011 
13,916 
96,327 
Additions 
- 
988 
4,216 
112 
276 
135 
417 
1,012 
7,156 
Modifications to lease terms 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
30 
30 
Disposals 
(6,843) 
(76) 
(275) 
- 
(1) 
(2) 
- 
(168) 
(7,365) 
Disposal of Juwon Special Steel 
Co. Ltd. 
 
(9,537) 
 
(82) 
 
(371) 
 
(2) 
 
- 
 
(46) 
 
- 
 
(46) 
 
(10,084) 
Depreciation 
- 
(1,701) 
(5,062) 
(261) 
(478) 
(126) 
(241) 
(1,722) 
(9,591) 
Exchange differences 
(551) 
(392) 
(580) 
(28) 
(24) 
(9) 
(83) 
(900) 
(2,567) 
 
9,570 
25,507 
23,941 
671 
743 
248 
1,104 
12,122 
73,906 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At February 28, 2022 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost 
9,570 
54,341 
134,591 
8,490 
7,992 
2,033 
3,297 
16,336 
236,650 
Accumulated depreciation 
- 
(28,834) 
(110,650) 
(7,819) 
(7,249) 
(1,785) 
(2,193) 
(4,214) 
(162,744) 
 
9,570 
25,507 
23,941 
671 
743 
248 
1,104 
12,122 
73,906 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended February 28, 2023 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance 
9,570 
25,507 
23,941 
671 
743 
248 
1,104 
12,122 
73,906 
Additions 
- 
36 
3,154 
112 
526 
245 
297 
1,038 
5,408 
Modifications to lease terms 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(110) 
(110) 
Disposals 
- 
(18) 
(364) 
- 
(3) 
- 
- 
(60) 
(445) 
Depreciation 
- 
(1,605) 
(4,418) 
(201) 
(414) 
(174) 
(254) 
(1,656) 
(8,722) 
Exchange differences 
(194) 
(381) 
(508) 
(26) 
(14) 
(11) 
(63) 
(635) 
(1,832) 
 
9,376 
23,539 
21,805 
556 
838 
308 
1,084 
10,699 
68,205 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At February 28, 2023 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost 
9,376 
53,249 
132,784 
8,404 
4,244 
2,057 
3,382 
15,806 
229,302 
Accumulated depreciation 
- 
(29,710) 
(110,979) 
(7,848) 
(3,406) 
(1,749) 
(2,298) 
(5,107) 
(161,097) 
 
9,376 
23,539 
21,805 
556 
838 
308 
1,084 
10,699 
68,205 
 
22

 
 
 
 
Depreciation expense of $8,722 (2022 – $9,591) is included in the consolidated statement of loss: $7,019 
(2022 – $7,751) in “cost of sales” and $1,703 (2022 – $1,840) in “administration costs”. 
8 
Leases 
a) Right-of-use assets 
 
Carrying value by asset class 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Land 
 
5,616 
6,565 
Buildings 
 
3,942 
4,233 
Furniture & Fixtures 
 
- 
9 
Machinery & Equipment 
 
133 
192 
Data Processing Equipment 
 
92 
104 
Rolling Stock 
 
916 
1,019 
 
 
10,699 
12,122 
 
 
Depreciation by asset class 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Land 
 
103 
119 
Buildings 
 
838 
805 
Furniture & Fixtures 
 
8 
13 
Machinery & Equipment 
 
112 
100 
Data Processing Equipment 
 
48 
55 
Rolling Stock 
 
547 
630 
 
 
1,656 
1,722 
b) Long-term lease liabilities 
 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities 
 
1,298 
1,360 
Long-term lease liabilities 
 
9,458 
11,073 
 
 
10,756 
12,433 
 
23

 
 
 
 
Amounts recognized in the consolidated statement of loss: 
 
 
For the years ended 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Expenses relating to short-term leases (included in “cost of sales” 
and “administration costs” 
 
 
417 
 
296 
Expenses relating to leases of low-value assets, excluding short-
term leases of low value (included in “cost of sales” and 
“administration costs”) 
 
 
 
177 
 
 
131 
Expenses related to variable lease payments (included in “cost of 
sales” and “administration costs”) 
 
 
189 
 
179 
Interest expenses (included in “finance costs”) 
 
237 
278 
 
9 
Intangible assets and goodwill 
 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
 
Goodwill 
$ 
 
Computer 
software 
$ 
Patent, 
products & 
designs 
$ 
 
Customer 
lists 
$ 
Data 
processing 
equipment 
$ 
 
 
Total 
$ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At February 29, 2021 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost 
9,495 
8,683 
17,949 
6,545 
15 
42,687 
Accumulated amortization 
- 
(8,169) 
(10,744) 
(6,442) 
(13) 
(25,368) 
 
9,495 
514 
7,205 
103 
2 
17,319 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended February 28, 2022 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance 
9,495 
514 
7,205 
103 
2 
17,319 
Additions 
- 
944 
1,533 
- 
- 
2,477 
Amortization 
- 
(415) 
(1,540) 
(100) 
- 
(2,055) 
Exchange differences 
(707) 
(59) 
(279) 
(3) 
- 
(1,048) 
 
8,788 
984 
6,919 
- 
2 
16,693 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At February 28, 2022 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost 
8,788 
9,243 
18,535 
6,058 
15 
42,639 
Accumulated amortization 
- 
(8,259) 
(11,616) 
(6,058) 
(13) 
(25,946) 
 
8,788 
984 
6,919 
- 
2 
16,693 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended February 28, 2023 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance 
8,788 
984 
6,919 
- 
2 
16,693 
Additions 
- 
223 
1,996 
- 
- 
2,219 
Amortization 
- 
(385) 
(1,636) 
- 
- 
(2,021) 
Exchange differences 
(504) 
(49) 
(185) 
- 
- 
(738) 
 
8,284 
773 
7,094 
- 
2 
16,153 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At February 28, 2023 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost 
8,284 
4,722 
19,858 
5,711 
15 
38,590 
Accumulated amortization 
- 
(3,949) 
(12,764) 
(5,711) 
(13) 
(22,437) 
 
8,284 
773 
7,094 
- 
2 
16,153 
 
24

 
 
 
 
Amortization expense of $2,021 (2022 – $2,055) is included in the consolidated statement of loss: $784 (2022 – $970) 
in “cost of sales” and $1,237 (2022 – $1,085) in “administration costs”. 
As at February 28, 2023, the Company capitalized $1,787 (2022 – $1,533) of development costs, net of research 
and development tax credits of $299 (2022 - $304), as patents, products and designs. 
Goodwill impairment test as at February 28, 2023 
The Company must test its goodwill for impairment annually, unless if the following conditions are met: 
a) The assets and liabilities making up the unit have not changed significantly since the calculation of the 
recoverable amount made in the previous period. 
b) The most recent recoverable amount calculation resulted in an amount that exceeded the carrying amount of the 
unit by a substantial margin. 
c) Based on an analysis of events that have occurred and circumstances that have changed since the most recent 
recoverable amount calculation, the likelihood that a current recoverable amount determination would be less 
than the current carrying amount of the unit is remote. 
All three conditions were met for Velan S.A.S. the Company’s French subsidiary, for the fiscal year ended 
February 28, 2023. As a result, no impairment tests were conducted as the previously calculated recoverable amount 
exceeded the carrying amount of Velan S.A.S. 
10 Credit facilities 
a) The Company has a facility with Export Development Canada of $27,000 (2022 – $24,000) for letters of credit 
and letters of guarantee.  As at February 28, 2023, $6,563 (2022 – $9,848) was drawn against this facility in the 
form of letters of credit. The credit facility expires on November 30, 2023 and is renewed annually. 
b) Foreign subsidiaries have the following credit facilities available as at February 28, 2023 totalling $57,738 
(2022 - $67,351): 
Credit facilities available 
(thousands) 
 
As at February 28, 2023 
 
As at February 28, 2022 
 
Borrowing Rates 
European subsidiaries 
$50,667 (€47,907) 
$59,983 (€53,465) 
0.70% to 9.36% 
Korean subsidiaries 
$3,373 (KW4,464,800) 
$3,524 (KW4,235,400) 
5.84% to 6.79% 
Indian subsidiary 
$2,299 (INR 190,000) 
$2,516 (INR 190,000) 
8.50% 
Taiwanese subsidiary 
$390 (NTD 12,000) 
$535 (NTD 15,000) 
1.93% 
Chinese subsidiary 
$1,009 (CNY 7,000) 
$793 (CNY 5,000) 
3.50% 
The above credit facilities are available by way of demand operating lines of credit, bank loans, guarantees, letters 
of credit and foreign exchange forward contracts. They are secured by corporate guarantees. The majority of these 
credit facilities have variable borrowing rates based on EURIBOR, KORIBOR, EONIA or prime rate. The borrowing 
rates listed above are the rates in effect as at February 28, 2023. The terms of the above facilities range from annual 
renewal to an indefinite term. The aggregate net book value of the assets pledged under the above credit facilities 
amounted to $2,220 (2022 – $2,576). 
As at February 28, 2023, an amount of $260 (2022 – $550) was drawn against these secured credit facilities in the 
form of demand operating lines of credit and bank overdrafts. An additional $11,192 (2022 – $9,566) was drawn 
against these secured credit facilities in the form of letters of credit and letters of guarantee. 
 
 
 
25

 
 
 
 
11 Account payable and accrued liabilities 
 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Trade accounts payable 
 
39,898 
34,306 
Goods and services taxes payable 
 
4,639 
3,753 
Commissions payable 
 
2,571 
2,209 
Accrued liabilities 
 
10,543 
14,373 
Accrued payroll expenses 
 
20,889 
24,190 
Other 
 
868 
1,672 
 
 
79,408 
80,503 
12 Provisions 
 
 
 
 
 
(thousands) 
Provision for 
performance 
guarantees 
(note a) 
$ 
 
Warranty 
provision 
(note b) 
$ 
 
Asbestos 
provision 
(note c) 
$ 
 
 
Other 
provision 
$ 
 
 
 
Total 
$ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance – February 28, 2021 
18,815 
7,141 
2,710 
3,559 
32,225 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additions 
2,168 
3,072 
19,924 
2,298 
27,462 
Usage 
(1,033) 
(356) 
(5,178) 
(217) 
(6,784) 
Reversals 
(16,646) 
(2,001) 
- 
(1,523) 
(20,170) 
Exchange differences 
(705) 
(483) 
- 
- 
(1,188) 
Balance – February 28, 2022 
2,599 
7,373 
17,456 
4,117 
31,545 
Less: Current provision 
2,599 
7,373 
4,355 
4,117 
18,444 
Long-term provision 
- 
- 
13,101 
- 
13,101 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additions 
1,230 
845 
66,548 
2,100 
70,723 
Usage 
(881) 
(318) 
(8,861) 
(485) 
(10,545) 
Reversals 
(303) 
(1,664) 
(1,843) 
- 
(3,810) 
Exchange differences 
(110) 
(394) 
- 
- 
(504) 
Balance – February 28, 2023 
2,535 
5,842 
73,300 
5,732 
87,409 
Less: Current provision 
2,535 
5,842 
2,376 
5,732 
16,485 
Long-term provision 
- 
- 
70,924 
- 
70,924 
a) The Company’s provision for performance guarantees consists of possible late delivery and other contractual 
non-compliance penalties or liquidated damages. Management’s best estimates considers the specific 
contractual terms, past experience and a probability of potential cash outflows.  
b) The Company offers various warranties to its customers. Management estimates the related provision for future 
warranty claims based on historical warranty claim information, as well as recent trends that might suggest that 
past cost information may differ from future claims. Factors that could impact the estimated claim information 
include the success of the Company’s productivity and quality initiatives, as well as parts and labour costs. 
26

 
 
 
 
c) Two of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries have been named as defendants in a number of pending lawsuits that 
seek to recover damages for personal injury allegedly caused by exposure to asbestos-containing products 
manufactured and sold in the past. The asbestos provision estimates the potential liability related to all future 
settlement costs taking into consideration, among other factors, past settlement experience and a projection of 
future claims. For the year ended February 28, 2023, together with its process to sell the Company, management 
finalized its assessment and analysis of unreported claims relating to the asbestos-containing products. As a 
result of obtaining this information, an additional liability of $55,954 was recognized in “administration costs”. In 
prior years, management was unable to reasonably obtain reliable information over unreported claims. 
13 Long-term debt 
 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Revolving credit facility (note a) 
 
- 
- 
 
 
 
 
Canadian entity 
 
 
 
Secured bank loan ($CAD 20,906; February 28, 2022 - $CAD 
22,500) (note b) 
 
 
 
15,181 
 
17,134 
French subsidiaries 
 
 
 
Unsecured bank loan (€3,183; February 28, 2022 - €2,943) (note c) 
 
3,366 
3,302 
Italian subsidiary 
 
 
 
Unsecured bank loan (€4,186; February 28, 2022 - €2,869) (note d) 
 
4,427 
3,219 
Unsecured state bank loan (€460; February 28, 2022 - €690) 
(note e) 
 
 
 
487 
 
774 
Other (note f) 
 
6,435 
6,609 
 
 
29,896 
31,038 
Less: current portion 
 
8,177 
8,111 
 
 
21,719 
22,927 
a) On July 3, 2020, the Company and its U.S. subsidiary company, Velan Valve Corp. secured new financing in the 
form of a $65,000 multi-currency revolving credit facility subject to a borrowing base calculation and renewable 
every three years. This revolving credit facility can be drawn in US dollars or Canadian dollars.  Drawings bear 
interest at either the US Base rate, US Prime rate, Canadian prime rate, CDOR or SOFR, plus a margin based 
on the Company’s excess availability.  Under the terms of the credit facility, the Company is required to satisfy a 
restrictive covenant based on a financial ratio.  As at February 28, 2023, the Company had drawn down nil 
(2022 - nil) on the revolving credit facility and had $5,148 (2022 - $3,980) in the form of outstanding letters of 
credit and letters of guarantee on a total of $49,511 (2022 - $49,365) borrowing availability. As at 
February 28, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all of its covenant. This credit facility expires on 
July 3, 2023. Management is currently negotiating an extension with the bank syndicate to push the expiry date 
to December 31, 2023. 
b) The secured mortgage bank loan of $15,181 ($CAD 20,906) bears interest at 3.80% with monthly principal 
repayments of $75 and repayable over 20 years. 
c) The unsecured bank loans total $3,366 (€3,183) and bear interest at a range of [0.25% - 2.95%]. Repayments 
include monthly payments totalling $129. These loans expire between 2023 and 2028. 
27

 
 
 
 
d) The unsecured bank loans total $4,427 (€4,186) and bear interest at a range of [Euribor+0.67% - Euribor+1.25%]. 
Repayments include monthly payments of $17 and quarterly payments of $283. These loans expire in 2025 and 
2027. 
e) The unsecured bank loan of $487 (€460) bears interest at Euribor+3.00% and is repayable in semi-annual 
payments of $122, expires in 2024. 
f) 
Included in Other is an amount of $4,909 (€4,641) (February 28, 2022 – $5,072 (€4,521)) related to an 
unconditional put option held by a minority shareholder in one of the Company’s subsidiary companies. This is 
recognized as a liability instead of non-controlling interest. The liability is initially recognized as the non-controlling 
interest’s share of the net identifiable assets of the subsidiary or structured entity. Subsequently, the liability is 
carried at the amount of the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective rate. 
Adjustments to the carrying value are recorded as interest expense in the consolidated statement of loss. 
The aggregate net book value of the assets pledged as collateral under the revolving credit facility amounted to 
$130,936 (2022 – $130,277) and under long-term debt agreements amounted to $15,181 (2022 – $17,134). 
The carrying value of long-term debt approximates its fair value. 
14 Share capital 
a) Authorized – in unlimited number  
Preferred Shares, issuable in series 
Subordinate Voting Shares 
Multiple Voting Shares (five votes per share), convertible into Subordinate Voting Shares 
b) Issued 
 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
6,019,068 Subordinate Voting Shares 
 
65,569 
65,569 
15,566,567 Multiple Voting Shares 
 
7,126 
7,126 
 
 
72,695 
72,695 
c) The Company established a fixed share option plan (the “Share Option Plan”) in 1996, amended in fiscal 2007, 
to allow for the purchase of Subordinate Voting Shares by certain of its full-time employees, directors, officers 
and consultants. The remaining outstanding options expired during the year ended February 28, 2021. 
d) On July 13, 2017, the Company adopted a PSU plan allowing the Board of Directors, through its Corporate 
Governance and Human Resources (“CGHR”) Committee, to grant PSUs to certain of its full-time employees. A 
PSU is a notional unit whose value is based on the volume weighted average price of the Company’s Subordinate 
Voting Shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange for the 20 trading days immediately preceding the grant date. The 
PSU plan is non-dilutive since vested PSUs shall be settled solely in cash. Each PSU grant shall vest at the end 
of a three-year performance cycle, which will normally start on March 1 of the year in which such PSU is granted 
and end on the last day of February of the third year following such grant, subject to the achievement of certain 
performance objectives over such cycle, as determined by the Company’s CGHR Committee. 
As at February 28, 2023, the Company had no PSUs outstanding. 
e) On July 13, 2017, the Company adopted a DSU plan allowing the Board of Directors, through its CGHR 
Committee, to grant DSUs to certain of its independent directors and full-time employees. A DSU is a notional 
unit whose value is based on the volume weighted average price of the Company’s Subordinate Voting Shares 
28

 
 
 
 
on the Toronto Stock Exchange for the 20 trading days immediately preceding the grant date. The DSU plan is 
non-dilutive since vested DSUs shall be settled solely in cash.  
Each DSU grant shall vest at the earlier of: 
 
the sixth anniversary of its grant date; or 
 
the day the holder of the DSU attains the retirement age, which, unless otherwise determined by the CGHR 
Committee, is the earliest of age 65, or the age at which the combination of years of service at the Company plus 
his or her age is equal to 75, being understood that the retirement age shall not be less than 55 years old. 
Additionally, a grant made to an independent director will be deemed immediately vested.  
In the event of a change of control, the Committee as constituted immediately prior to the change in control shall 
determine in its sole discretion the appropriate conversion, mitigation or redemption of DSUs taking into account 
the terms and conditions of the change of control. 
Movements in outstanding DSUs and related expense were as follow: 
 
 
For the years ended 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
February 28, 
2022 
 
 
 
 
In numbers of DSUs 
 
 
 
Opening balance 
 
83,234 
76,925 
     Issued 
 
243 
32,890 
     Settled 
 
- 
- 
     Forfeited 
 
(9,303) 
(26,581) 
Closing balance 
 
74,174 
83,234 
DSU expense for the years 
 
$126 
$151 
Fair value of vested outstanding DSUs, end of years 
 
$520 
$412 
15 Cost of sales 
 
 
For the years ended 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Change in inventories of finished goods and work in progress 
 
2,182 
(31,977) 
Raw materials and consumables used 
 
159,960 
200,111 
Employee expenses, excluding scientific research investments tax credits 
 
65,363 
70,550 
Depreciation and amortization 
 
7,803 
8,722 
Movement in inventory provisions – net 
 
4 
3,479 
Foreign exchange loss 
 
1,453 
1,395 
Other production overheads costs 
 
21,199 
23,993 
 
 
257,964 
276,273 
During the fiscal year, the Company applied for the Employee Retention Credit in the United States (2022 - Canada 
Emergency Wage Subsidy) of which $1,017 (2022 - $1,142) was recorded as a reduction of “Cost of sales”. 
29

 
 
 
 
16 Administration costs 
 
 
For the years ended 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Employee expenses, excluding scientific research investments tax 
credits expenses 
 
 
48,931 
 
52,052 
Scientific research investment tax credits 
 
(1,391) 
(1,594) 
Commissions 
 
4,619 
7,387 
Freight to customers 
 
7,042 
4,984 
Professional fees  
 
9,369 
11,423 
Asbestos related settlement costs (note 12) 
 
69,676 
19,924 
Movement in loss allowance 
 
(1) 
(362) 
Depreciation and amortization 
 
2,940 
2,926 
Other 
 
15,574 
16,299 
 
 
156,759 
113,039 
During the fiscal year, the Company applied for the Employee Retention Credit in the United States (2022 - Canada 
Emergency Wage Subsidy) of which $502 (2022 - $905) was recorded as a reduction of “Administration costs”. 
17 Employee expense 
 
 
For the years ended 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Wages and salaries 
 
82,249 
87,674 
Social security costs 
 
26,681 
29,413 
Scientific research investment tax credits 
 
(1,391) 
(1,594) 
Share-based compensation 
 
126 
154 
Other 
 
5,238 
5,361 
 
 
112,903 
121,008 
During the fiscal year, the Company applied for the Employee Retention Credit in the United States (2022 - Canada 
Emergency Wage Subsidy) of which $1,519 (2022 - $2,047) is included as a reduction of “Employee expenses”. 
Compensation for executive and non-executive directors and certain members of senior management, including 
salaries and other short-term benefits and share-based compensation in the form of DSUs amounted to $5,856 
(2022 - $6,394). 
 
30

 
 
 
 
18 Research and development expenses 
Research and development expenses are included in cost of sales and administration costs and consist of the 
following: 
 
 
For the years ended 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Research and development expenditures 
 
6,181 
7,014 
Less: Scientific research investment tax credits 
 
(1,391) 
(1,594) 
 
 
4,790 
5,420 
19 Income taxes 
 
 
For the years ended 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Current taxes 
 
8,072 
10,796 
Deferred income taxes 
 
(27) 
35,635 
Income tax expense 
 
8,045 
46,431 
The taxes on the Company’s income before taxes differ from the amount that would arise using the statutory tax rates 
applicable to income of the consolidated entities as follows: 
 
 
For the years ended 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Income tax at statutory rate of 26.50% 
 
(12,565) 
9,587 
 
 
 
 
Tax effects of: 
 
 
 
     Difference in statutory tax rates in foreign jurisdiction 
 
486 
130 
     Non-deductible (taxable) foreign exchange losses (gains) 
 
754 
(613) 
     Derecognition of deferred tax assets 
 
- 
32,603 
     Deferred tax assets not recognized 
 
18,996 
4,941 
    Other differences 
 
374 
(217) 
Income tax expense  
 
8,045 
46,431 
 
 
 
31

 
 
 
 
The analysis of deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities is as follows: 
 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Deferred income tax assets: 
 
 
 
     To be realized after more than 12 months 
 
1,889 
2,559 
     To be realized within 12 months 
 
2,774 
2,215 
 
 
 
 
Deferred income taxes liabilities 
 
 
 
     To be realized after more than 12 months 
 
(3,823) 
(3,643) 
     To be realized within 12 months 
 
(143) 
(382) 
Net deferred income tax asset 
 
697 
749 
The movement of the net deferred income tax asset account is as follows: 
 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Balance – Beginning of the year 
 
749 
36,522 
Recovery of income taxes in the consolidated statement of loss 
 
(27) 
(35,635) 
Exchange differences 
 
(25) 
(138) 
Net deferred income tax asset 
 
697 
749 
The significant components of the net deferred income tax asset are as follows: 
 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment 
 
(400) 
(460) 
Intangible assets 
 
(621) 
(868) 
Non-deductible provisions and reserves 
 
604 
849 
Investment tax credits 
 
- 
- 
Inventories 
 
1,129 
1,304 
Non-capital loss carryforwards 
 
408 
- 
Other 
 
(423) 
(76) 
Net deferred income tax asset 
 
697 
749 
 
32

 
 
 
 
The Company did not recognize deferred income tax assets of $39,520 (2022 – $44,456) in respect of non-capital 
losses amounting to $152,001 (2022 – $149,516) that can be carried forward to reduce taxable profits in future years.  
These losses expire between 2038 and indefinitely.  
The Company did not recognize deferred income tax assets of $1,129 (2022 – $1,282) in respect of capital losses 
amounting to $8,520 (2022 – $9,673) that can be carried forward indefinitely against future taxable capital gains. 
Deferred income tax liabilities of $5,945 (2022 – $5,594) have not been recognized for the withholding tax and other 
taxes that would be payable on the unremitted earnings of certain subsidiaries. Such amounts are not expected to 
reverse in the foreseeable future.  Unremitted earnings as at February 28, 2023 totalled $329,402 (2022 – $304,354). 
20 Loss per share 
a) Basic and diluted 
Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to the Subordinate and Multiple Voting 
shareholders by the weighted average number of Subordinate and Multiple Voting Shares outstanding during the 
year. 
 
 
For the years ended 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
February 28,  
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
 
Net loss attributable to Subordinate and Multiple voting 
shareholders 
 
 
(55,453) 
 
(21,141) 
Weighted average number of Subordinate and Multiple voting 
shares outstanding. 
 
 
21,585,635 
 
21,585,635 
Basis and diluted loss per share 
 
$(2.57) 
$(0.98) 
 
Diluted loss per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of Subordinate and Multiple Voting 
Shares outstanding to assume conversion of all dilutive potential Subordinate and Multiple Voting Shares. The 
Company had one category of dilutive potential Subordinate and Multiple Voting Shares: stock options. The remaining 
outstanding options expired during the year ended February 28, 2021. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33

 
 
 
 
21 Commitments 
In the normal course of business, the Company issues performance bond guarantees related to product warranty 
and on-time as well as advance guarantees and bid bonds. As at February 28, 2023, the aggregate maximum value 
of these guarantees, if exercised, amounted to $46,937 (2022 - $58,512). The guarantees expire as follows: 
 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
 
February 28, 
2023 
$ 
 
 
 
 
February 29, 2024 
 
 
24,835 
February 28, 2025 
 
 
8,242 
February 28, 2026 
 
 
2,172 
February 28, 2027 
 
 
2,293 
February 29, 2028 
 
 
1,839 
Subsequent years   
 
 
7,556 
 
 
 
46,937 
22 Segment reporting 
The Company reflects its results under a single reportable operating segment. The geographic distribution of its sales 
is as follows:   
 
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2023 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
Canada 
$ 
United 
States 
$ 
 
France 
$ 
 
Italy 
$ 
 
Other 
$ 
Consolidation 
adjustment 
$ 
 
Consolidated 
$ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customers - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic 
22,144 
124,413 
46,239 
181 
11,083 
- 
204,060 
Export 
38,867 
11,321 
44,501 
51,213 
20,467 
- 
166,369 
Intercompany (export) 
59,702 
10,513 
72 
2,924 
61,239 
(134,450) 
- 
 
120,713 
146,247 
90,812 
54,318 
92,789 
(134,450) 
370,429 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment 
25,125 
4,170 
15,809 
5,497 
17,604 
- 
68,205 
Intangible assets and goodwill 
4,762 
- 
8,796 
2,527 
68 
- 
16,153 
Other identifiable assets 
207,437 
32,801 
158,133 
64,559 
132,237 
(201,668) 
393,499 
Total identifiable assets 
237,324 
36,971 
182,738 
72,583 
149,909 
(201,668) 
477,857 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
34

 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal year ended February 28, 2022 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
Canada 
$ 
United 
States 
$ 
 
France 
$ 
 
Italy 
$ 
 
Other 
$ 
Consolidation 
adjustment 
$ 
 
Consolidated 
$ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customers - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic 
17,367 
86,715 
53,742 
996 
20,783 
- 
179,603 
Export 
73,077 
4,303 
48,735 
80,793 
24,731 
- 
231,639 
Intercompany (export) 
40,044 
8,367 
114 
13,182 
44,099 
(105,806) 
- 
 
130,488 
99,385 
102,591 
94,971 
89,613 
(105,806) 
411,242 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment 
26,783 
4,906 
17,697 
5,979 
18,541 
- 
73,906 
Intangible assets and goodwill 
3,944 
- 
9,520 
3,191 
38 
- 
16,693 
Other identifiable assets 
197,095 
23,600 
166,561 
73,923 
137,631 
(180,981) 
417,829 
Total identifiable assets 
227,822 
28,506 
193,778 
83,093 
156,210 
(180,981) 
508,428 
23 Financial risk management 
The Company’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including currency risk, cash flow interest 
rate risk and fair value interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s overall financial risk 
management program focuses on mitigating unpredictable financial market risks and their potential adverse effects 
on the Company’s financial performance.  
The Company’s financial risk management is generally carried out by the corporate finance team, based on policies 
approved by the Board of Directors. The identification, evaluation and hedging of the financial risks are the 
responsibility of the corporate finance team in conjunction with the finance teams of the Company’s subsidiaries. The 
Company uses derivative financial instruments to hedge certain risk exposures. Use of derivative financial 
instruments is subject to a policy which requires that no derivative transaction be entered into for the purpose of 
establishing a speculative or leveraged position (the corollary being that all derivative transactions are to be entered 
into for risk management purposes only). 
Overview 
The Company’s financial instruments and the nature of risks which they may be subject to are set out in the next 
section. 
Market risk 
Currency risk 
Currency risk on financial instruments is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will 
fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company operates internationally and is exposed to 
foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures. Currency risk arises when future commercial 
transactions and recognized assets and liabilities are denominated in a currency other than a company’s functional 
currency. The Company has operations with different functional currencies, each of which will be exposed to currency 
risk based on its specific functional currency.  
When possible, the Company matches cash receipts in a foreign currency with cash disbursements in that same 
currency. The remaining anticipated net exposure to foreign currencies is hedged. To hedge this exposure, the 
Company uses foreign currency derivatives, primarily foreign exchange forward contracts. These derivatives are not 
designated as hedges for accounting purposes. 
 
 
 
35

 
 
 
 
The amounts outstanding under derivatives contracts as at February 28, 2023 and 2022 are as follows: 
 
 
Range of exchange rates 
Fair value  
(In thousands of U.S. dollars) 
Notional amount 
(In thousands indicated currency) 
 
 
February 28, 
2023 
February 28, 
2022 
February 28, 
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
February 28, 
2023 
February 28, 
2022 
Foreign exchange forward contracts 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sell US$ for CA$ - 0 to 12 months 
1.32 
1.27-1.28 
107 
(470) 
US$40,000 
US$50,000 
Buy US$ for CA$ - 0 to 12 months 
1.38 
1.25 
(299) 
301 
US$40,000 
US$50,000 
Sell € for US$ – 0 to 12 months 
- 
1.15 
- 
(90) 
- 
€15,000 
Buy € for US$ – 0 to 12 months 
- 
1.13 
- 
252 
- 
€15,000 
Foreign exchange forward contracts are contracts whereby the Company has the obligation to sell or buy the 
currencies at the strike price. The fair value of the foreign currency instruments is recorded in the consolidated 
statement of loss and reflects the estimated amounts the Company would have paid or received to settle these 
contracts as at the financial position date.  Unrealized gains are recorded as derivative assets and unrealized losses 
as derivative liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial position. 
The following table provides a sensitivity analysis of the Company’s most significant foreign exchange exposures 
related to its net position in the foreign currency financial instruments, which includes cash and cash equivalents, 
short-term investments bank indebtedness, short-term bank loans, derivative financial instruments, accounts 
receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, customer deposits, provision for performance guarantees and 
long-term debt, including interest payable. A hypothetical strengthening of 5.0% of the following currencies would 
have had the following impact for the fiscal years ended February 28, 2023 and 2022: 
 
Net income (loss) 
 
 
(thousands) 
February 28, 
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
Canadian dollar strengthening against the U.S. dollar 
(847) 
(1,284) 
Euro strengthening against the U.S. dollar 
(327) 
53 
Indian rupee strengthening against the U.S. dollar 
346 
155 
A hypothetical weakening of 5.0% of the above currencies would have had the opposite impact for both fiscal years. 
For the purposes of the above analysis, foreign exchange exposure does not include the translation of subsidiaries 
into the Company’s reporting currency. For those subsidiaries whose functional currency is other than the reporting 
currency (U.S. dollar) of the Company, such exposure would impact other comprehensive income or loss. 
Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk 
The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk is related primarily to its credit facilities, long-term debt and cash and 
cash equivalents. Items at variable rates expose the Company to cash flow interest rate risk, and items at fixed rates 
expose the Company to fair value interest rate risk. The Company’s long-term debt and credit facilities predominantly 
bear interest, and its cash and cash equivalents earn interest at variable rates. An assumed 0.5% change in interest 
rates would have no significant impact on the Company’s net income or cash flows. 
Credit risk 
Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its 
contractual obligations. Credit risk arises primarily from the Company’s trade accounts receivable. 
The Company’s credit risk related to its trade accounts receivable is concentrated. As at February 28, 2023, four 
(2022 – three) customers accounted for more than 5% each of its trade accounts receivable, of which one customer 
accounted for 15.0% (2022 – 10.8%) and the Company’s ten largest customers accounted for 60.4% (2022 – 55.7%) 
of trade accounts receivable. In addition, one customer accounted for 13.4% of the Company’s sales (2022 – 10.1%).  
36

 
 
 
 
In order to mitigate its credit risk, the Company performs a continual evaluation of its customers’ credit and performs 
specific evaluation procedures on all its new customers. In performing its evaluation, the Company analyzes the 
ageing of accounts receivable, historical payment patterns, customer creditworthiness and current economic trends. 
A specific credit limit is established for each customer and reviewed periodically. For some trade accounts receivable, 
the Company may obtain security in the form of credit insurance which can be called upon if the counterparty is in 
default under the terms of the agreement.  
The Company applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measure expected credit losses using a lifetime expected 
credit loss allowance for trade receivables. The expected credit loss rates are based on the Company’s historical 
credit losses experienced over the last fiscal year prior to period end.  The historical rates are then adjusted for 
current and forward-looking information on macroeconomic factors affecting the Company’s customers. 
The lifetime expected loss allowance for trade receivables was determined as follows: 
 
 
 
 
As at February 28, 2023 
 
 
 
Current 
Past due more 
than 30 days 
Past due 31 to 
90 days 
Past due more 
than 90 days 
 
Total 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expected loss rate 
0.130% 
0.141% 
0.169% 
2.399% 
 
Gross carrying amount 
83,118 
9,961 
5,902 
14,548 
113,529 
Loss allowance 
108 
14 
10 
349 
481 
 
 
 
 
 
As at February 28, 2022 
 
 
 
Current 
Past due more 
than 30 days 
Past due 31 to 
90 days 
Past due more 
than 90 days 
 
Total 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expected loss rate 
0.059% 
0.074% 
0.088% 
2.762% 
 
Gross carrying amount 
64,689 
17,995 
9,248 
16,285 
108,217 
Loss allowance 
38 
13 
8 
450 
509 
The Company is also exposed to credit risk relating to derivative financial instruments, cash and cash equivalents 
and short-term investments, which it manages by dealing with highly rated financial institutions. The Company’s 
primary credit risk is limited to the carrying value of the trade accounts receivable and gains on derivative assets. 
Liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they come due. The 
Company manages its liquidity risk by continually monitoring its future cash requirements. Cash flow forecasting is 
performed in the operating entities and aggregated by the Company’s corporate finance team. The Company’s policy 
is to maintain sufficient cash and cash equivalents and available credit facilities in order to meet its present and future 
operational needs. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
37

 
 
 
 
The following tables present the Company’s financial liabilities identified by type and future contractual dates of 
payment as at: 
 
 
 
As at February 28, 2023 
 
 
Carrying 
value 
$ 
Less than 
1 Year 
$ 
1 to 3 
Years  
$ 
4 to 5 
Years 
$ 
After 5 
Years 
$ 
 
Total 
$ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt 
29,896 
8,840 
6,609 
4,156 
15,814 
35,419 
Long-term lease liabilities 
10,756 
1,560 
2,071 
1,341 
11,682 
16,654 
Accounts payable and accrued 
liabilities 
 
79,408 
 
79,408 
 
- 
 
- 
 
- 
 
79,408 
Customer Deposits 
56,138 
28,201 
23,281 
518 
4,138 
56,138 
Bank indebtedness  
260 
260 
- 
- 
- 
260 
Derivative liabilities 
299 
299 
- 
- 
- 
299 
 
 
 
 
As at February 28, 2022 
 
 
Carrying 
value 
$ 
Less than 
1 Year 
$ 
1 to 3 
Years  
$ 
4 to 5 
Years 
$ 
After 5 
Years 
$ 
 
Total 
$ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt 
31,038 
8,818 
6,694 
4,026 
17,937 
37,475 
Long-term lease liabilities 
12,433 
1,589 
2,128 
1,372 
11,760 
16,849 
Accounts payable and accrued 
liabilities 
 
80,503 
 
80,503 
 
- 
 
- 
 
- 
 
80,503 
Customer Deposits 
71,483 
41,344 
24,655 
1,659 
3,825 
71,483 
Bank indebtedness 
550 
550 
- 
- 
- 
550 
Derivative liabilities 
560 
560 
- 
- 
- 
560 
Fair value of financial instruments 
 
The fair value hierarchy has the following levels: 
 
Level 1 – 
quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; 
 
Level 2 – 
inputs other than quoted market prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or 
liability, either directly (as prices) or indirectly (derived from prices); and 
 
Level 3 – 
unobservable inputs such as inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable 
market data. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized in its 
entirety is determined on the basis of the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its 
entirety. 
 
 
 
 
 
38

 
 
 
 
The fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities on the condensed interim consolidated statements of financial 
position are as follows: 
 
 
 
As at February 28, 2023 
 
(thousands) 
Total 
$ 
Level 1 
$ 
Level 2 
$ 
Level 3 
$ 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial position classification and nature 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets 
107 
- 
107 
- 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities 
299 
- 
299 
- 
 
 
 
 
As at February 28, 2022 
 
(thousands) 
Total 
$ 
Level 1 
$ 
Level 2 
$ 
Level 3 
$ 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial position classification and nature 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets 
553 
- 
553 
- 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities 
560 
- 
560 
- 
Fair value measurements of the Company’s derivative assets and liabilities are classified under Level 2 because 
such measurements are determined using published market prices or estimates based on observable inputs such as 
interest rates, yield curves, and spot and future exchange rates.  The carrying value of the Company’s financial 
instruments is considered to approximate fair value, unless otherwise indicated. 
24 Capital management 
The Company’s capital management strategy is designed to maintain strong liquidity in order to pursue its organic 
growth strategy, undertake selective acquisitions and provide an appropriate investment return to its shareholders 
while taking a conservative approach to financial leveraging. 
The Company’s financial strategy is designed to meet the objectives stated above and to respond to changes in 
economic conditions and the risk characteristics of underlying assets. In order to maintain or adjust its capital 
structure, the Company may issue or repurchase shares, raise or repay debt, vary the amount of dividends paid to 
shareholders or undertake any other activities it considers appropriate under the circumstances. 
The Company monitors capital on the basis of its total debt-to-equity ratio. Total debt consists of all interest-bearing 
debt, and equity is defined as total equity. 
 
 
39

 
 
 
 
The total debt-to-equity ratio was as follows: 
 
As at 
 
 
(thousands) 
February 28, 
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
Bank indebtedness 
260 
550 
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities 
1,298 
1,360 
Current portion of long-term debt 
8,177 
8,111 
Long-term lease liabilities 
9,458 
11,073 
Long-term debt 
21,719 
22,927 
Total debt 
40,912 
44,021 
Equity 
200,835 
265,510 
Total debt-to-equity ratio 
20.4% 
16.6% 
The Company’s objective is to conservatively manage the total debt-to-equity ratio and to maintain funding capacity 
for potential opportunities. 
The Company’s financial objectives and strategy as described above have remained unchanged since the last 
reporting period. These objectives and strategies are reviewed annually or more frequently if the need arises. 
The Company is in compliance with all covenants related to its debt and is not subject to any capital requirements 
imposed by a regulator. 
25 Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided from operating activities 
 
Fiscal periods ended 
 
 
(thousands) 
February 28, 
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
8,722 
9,591 
Amortization of intangible assets 
2,021 
2,055 
Amortization of financing costs 
251 
263 
Deferred income taxes 
(27) 
35,635 
Gain (loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment and Juwon Special Steel Co. Ltd. 
200 
(16,108) 
Net change in long-term provisions and customer deposits 
56,721 
14,699 
Net change in derivative assets and liabilities 
185 
(100) 
Net change in other liabilities 
(520) 
(883) 
 
67,553 
45,152 
 
40

 
 
 
 
26 Changes in non-cash working capital items 
 
Fiscal periods ended 
 
 
(thousands) 
February 28, 
2023 
$ 
February 28, 
2022 
$ 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable 
(9,837) 
11,080 
Inventories 
14,235 
(28,020) 
Income taxes recoverable 
(3,254) 
803 
Deposits and prepaid expenses 
(916) 
1,031 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
1,845 
(3,119) 
Income taxes payable 
(1,100) 
2,166 
Customer deposits  
(11,087) 
11,602 
Provisions 
(1,458) 
(12,572) 
 
(11,572) 
(17,029) 
 
27 Debt from financing activities reconciliation 
 
 
(thousands) 
 
Long-term 
lease liabilities 
$ 
Long-term 
debt 
$ 
 
Total 
$ 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance - February 28, 2021 
 
14,227 
58,091 
72,318 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash inflows 
 
- 
7,874 
7,874 
Cash outflows 
 
(1,696) 
(28,854) 
(30,550) 
Foreign exchange adjustments 
 
(912) 
(891) 
(1,803) 
Disposal of Juwon Special Steel Co. Ltd. 
 
(48) 
(5,182) 
(5,230) 
Other non-cash movements 
 
862 
- 
862 
Balance - February 28, 2022 
 
12,433 
31,038 
43,471 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash inflows 
 
- 
3,666 
3,666 
Cash outflows 
 
(1,657) 
(4,398) 
(6,055) 
Foreign exchange adjustments 
 
(682) 
(410) 
(1,092) 
Other non-cash movements 
 
662 
- 
662 
Balance - February 28, 2023 
 
10,756 
29,896 
40,652 
 
 
 
41