VICI Properties
Annual Report 2018

Plain-text annual report

2018 VICI Properties Inc. Annual Report CAE S ARS PALAC E L AS V E GAS , NV HORSESHOE COUNCIL BLUFFS COUNCIL BLUFFS, IA CASCATA GOLF COURSE BOULDER CIT Y, NV HARRAH’S GULF COAST BI LOX I, MS HARVEYS LAKE TAHOE STATEL INE, NV HAR RAH’S LAS V EGAS , NV CEO LETTER TO STOCKHOLDERS Dear VICI Stockholders, This 2018 VICI Annual Report is the distillation, in words and numbers, of a very productive and positive year for our company. Overview If we call it a baker’s dozen and make it a 13-month year—by including December 2017, a truly foundational month in VICI’s development—it was a period in which we began the forging of an institutional-quality commercial real estate company—a truly blue-chip REIT. Those steps included: • Raising $3.1 billion of equity (including $2.1 billion of public equity issued during calendar year 2018 alone, leading all American REITs in primary equity issuance during 2018); • De-leveraging over that same time period from 8.4x Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA to 4.2x Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA at year-end 2018; • Acquiring or announcing the acquisition of approximately $2.7 billion of real estate at a blended going-in cap rate of 8.3%; • Diversified our roster of best-in-class gaming operators—announcing two transactions with a new tenant and exceptional operator, Penn National Gaming; and • Increasing our annualized dividend by 9.5% after only two quarters of being a dividend-paying REIT. These were all vital steps in building a foundation of enduring value for VICI’s stockholders. Our Real Estate and Our Tenants In addition to building a foundation of enduring value for our stockholders, one of our most important objectives in 2018 was beginning to help investors answer the question “Just how good is this real estate?” The quick answer? Really good, as in institutional-quality good. To best understand what we mean when defining our real estate as “institutional-quality good,” let’s review some of the key criteria that, we believe, currently characterize institutional-quality real estate and the tenants who occupy it, pay the rent and thus underwrite the property’s value. In these criteria, we are particularly focused on real estate occupied by tenants who serve their customers, face to face, within the real estate. • Mission critical to the tenant’s business, especially if the tenant serves its customers directly within that real estate; • Real estate that fully meets the needs of its tenants, with unique attributes that may be difficult or expensive to replicate or adapt in other locations or in other forms of real estate; • Real estate that has meaningful barriers to entry, including, among others, barriers related to regulation, permitting and entitlement, complexity, and cost of replacement; • The applicable tenant class, if it serves consumers directly in the real estate, has a strong relationship with the end user, driven by a proven ability to keep the consumer’s experience fresh, innovative, relevant and fulfilling; • Real estate in locations that are and are likely to remain optimally situated in relation to the tenant’s marketplace; • Real estate that generates income from financially strong and sound credit quality tenants; • Tenant businesses that are relatively resilient through economic cycles; • Vacancy risk that is relatively low from existing tenants and / or the applicable tenant class is deep enough that replacement tenants can be found if necessary; • Real estate that is subject to relatively low risk of obsolescence, with design and construction features that allow the asset to evolve with the needs of the operator and consumer desires; and • The tenants’ offerings (services, experiences) are at relatively low risk of being “displaced” (i.e., put into a box and shipped directly to the consumer’s home or workplace). If the real estate of a given asset class meets most or all the foregoing criteria, the institutional nature of the real estate is generally recognized and valued accordingly. And if it is not yet recognized, it is a strong candidate for positive re-valuation and full embrace by institutional investors. VICI is just such a candidate, because our real estate, our tenants and their businesses meet the criteria listed above. Our real estate is mission critical to our tenants and very difficult and expensive to replace or substitute. Our tenants—Caesars and Penn National—are institutionally expert at conceiving and delivering superb guest experiences that generate delight, liberal spending and loyalty. These experiences require the uniquely designed and expansive spaces that our real estate provides, offering diverse guest experiences that meet diverse guest needs, for a diverse guest base and they do so with an energy and creativity that ensures the guest experiences evolve and don’t grow stale. The resulting enduring relationship our operators have with their guests drives our real estate’s enduring relevance and durability for generations to come. Note, as well, the resilience of our tenants’ businesses, through all economic cycles, especially at the regional level, which comprises 66% of our portfolio NOI. As you can see in the graph below, core regional gaming markets suffered only a 3.9% drop in revenue peak-to-trough through the 2008-2009 financial crisis. This period, encompassing the worst financial crisis in nearly 80 years, saw gaming revenue decline 9% overall, but in doing so declined at only half the rate of the S&P 500, which suffered an 18% drop in revenue. Core Regional Gaming Revenues (US$bn, annual) $18.5 18.0 17.5 17.0 16.5 2007 peak: $18.0bn 2017: $18.3bn 2009 trough: $17.3bn 2009-17 Change in: Revenues: +$1.0bn Investment: +$1.7bn Peak to Trough: -3.9% 2017 vs Peak: +1.9% 2017 vs Trough: +6.0% 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 This strength and resilience of our tenants’ businesses, together with their credit quality, give us high confidence that our operators have sufficient post-rent income to fund all their obligations, invest in and maintain our properties through all economic cycles. Our tenants, Caesars and Penn, offer place-based experiences that are shared—guests coming together at the same time and in the same place. Shared experiences are inherently resistant to being disrupted by new channels of commerce, simply because shared experience can’t be put into a box and shipped to your house. In addition, the time, expense and complexity of regulatory approval, entitlement and construction, create barriers to entry in our sector that are likely to lessen the risk of asset supply growth that swamps the rate of demand growth. Our Income: Character & Quality When it comes to the transparency and integrity of our income, our triple-net lease structure ensures that our investors can be confident that our reported AFFO is our true AFFO, since we have no significant property management, leasing or capital expenditure obligations, giving our cash flows a high degree of transparency and integrity for our investors, more so than any other real estate sector. What we demonstrated in 2018—in a brand-new REIT within a still-young REIT asset class—is that the nature, quality and durability of our real estate, the operating excellence of our tenants, and the cash flow they produce yields us property rent that meets the institutional criteria described above. Our real estate is of institutional quality because our real estate’s income is of institutional quality. Our ESG Framework The environmental and social practices (the “E” and “S” of ESG) pertaining to our real estate are also of institutional quality, particularly as exercised, day by day, by our tenants, Caesars and Penn National. For example, Caesars is committed to environmental stewardship through a data-driven and disciplined environmental awareness and engagement program implemented at the property level, and Penn National is committed to good corporate citizenship in the communities in which it operates through the Penn National Gaming Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization. In addition, both Caesars and Penn National maintain policies to provide equal opportunity for all employees and applicants for employment, and work environments free from discrimination, harassment, intimidation or retaliation for reporting or opposing such conduct. Each of their businesses are leading contributors to the fiscal health of the communities in which they operate, and both Caesars and Penn National have strong community outreach and giving programs. We fully support and supplement our tenants in these environmental and social practices, and we have our own environmental management and community support practices within our corporate operations, and VICI Golf, which include promoting energy efficiency, recycling and other activities to minimize our impact on the environment. We also support charitable service and strive to create partnerships with local organizations that are aligned with our business values. We are firmly committed to our sustainability practices, which are imperative in attracting and retaining the best institutional quality capital and helping our tenants manage operating costs, which ultimately enhances the value of our real estate and, in turn, stockholder value. In addition, like our tenants, we maintain policies to provide equal opportunity for all employees and applicants for employment, and a work environment free from discrimination, harassment, intimidation or retaliation for reporting or opposing such conduct. VICI’s direct commitment to governance was and is a founding principle that guides the decision-making and actions of our Board and our management team. We govern our company on behalf and for the benefit of our one and only class of stockholder, the common-equity stockholder, and on their behalf, we take great care in governing the company in a way that acknowledges, addresses and respects the needs of all our key stakeholders. Looking Forward For investors who believe, as we do, that the next few decades should be a golden age for place-based leisure experiences—given the Baby Boom and Millennial age waves—we believe our model is a superior way for investors to derive real estate income from this surge. Our assets and, moreover, our operators are ready for this surge. Consider, as an example, our flagship property, Caesars Palace Las Vegas. The core of the property dates back to 1966 and yet Caesars, as operator and tenant, has ceaselessly created new experiences and re-invigorated existing experiences, so that the property continues to attract and delight millions of guests each year, creating memories and loyalty that will sustain the real estate’s income quality, durability and value for decades to come. In summary, we are tremendously excited to have this opportunity to tell the value story of our experiential real estate sector in institutional real estate terms. Not all REIT asset classes have proven that they are truly of institutional quality, whether because of the nature of the tenant’s business and end-user relationship, or because supply growth outpaced demand growth at a value-destroying rate. We believe experiential real estate represents the next compelling institutionalization opportunity in American commercial real estate, and we are very grateful to all of you, our current stockholders, for being among the first to see and seize this opportunity. We look forward to working with you for years to come in growing the value of our business. Best regards, Edward B. Pitoniak Chief Executive Officer For a definition and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, see the section entitled “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” in our Annual Report. HARRAH’S RENO RENO, NV H AR RAH ’S LAKE TAHOE STATEL IN E, NV 22 PRO PERTIES 14.8K HOTEL ROOMS 626K SQ FT MEETING/ CONFERENCE SPACE 11 METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS 39 MILLION SQ FT 4 CHAMPIONSHIP GOLF COURSES 50+ RETAIL OUTLETS 150 RESTAURANTS/BARS 1.3M SQ FT OF GAMING SPACE HOR SES HOE BOSSIER CIT Y BOSSIER CIT Y, LA HA RVEYS TAHOE STATEL INE, NV CAES ARS PALACE LAS V EGAS, NV HARVEYS OUTDOOR AMPITHEATER STATEL INE, NV HORSESHOE BOSSIER CIT Y BOSSIER CIT Y, LA CAE S ARS ATL ANTIC CIT Y ATLAN TIC CIT Y, NJ UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2018 or TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the Transition Period From ________ to _________ Commission file number: 000-55791 ________________________________________________ VICI PROPERTIES INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) ________________________________________________ Maryland (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 81-4177147 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 430 Park Avenue, 8th Floor New York, New York 10022 (Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (646) 949-4631 SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT: Title of each class Common stock, $0.01 par value Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes No As of June 29, 2018 (the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter), the aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $7.6 billion, based on the closing price of the common stock as reported on the NYSE on that date. As of February 11, 2019, the registrant had 404,726,821 shares of common stock outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Company’s definitive proxy statement relating to the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the calendar year to which this report relates, are incorporated by reference into Part III, Items 10-14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K as indicated herein.  TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Part I Part II Part III Part IV Item 1 – Business Item 1A – Risk Factors Item 1B – Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2 – Properties Item 3 – Legal Proceedings Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5 – Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Item 6 – Selected Financial Data Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Item 9 – Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A – Controls and Procedures Item 9B – Other Information Item 10 – Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Item 11 – Executive Compensation Item 12 – Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13 – Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14 – Principal Accounting Fees and Services Item 15 – Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Item 16 – Form 10-K Summary Signatures 2 22 47 47 47 47 48 51 53 66 67 67 67 68 69 69 69 69 69 70 77 78 Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules F - 1 PART I In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the words “VICI,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to VICI Properties Inc. and its subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, unless otherwise stated or the context requires otherwise. We refer to (i) our Consolidated Financial Statements as our “Financial Statements,” (ii) our Consolidated Balance Sheets as our “Balance Sheet,” (iii) our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as our “Statement of Operations,” and (iv) our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as our “Statement of Cash Flows.” References to numbered “Notes” refer to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. “Caesars” refers to Caesars Entertainment Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries. “Caesars Entertainment Outdoor” refers to the historical operations of the golf courses that were transferred from CEOC to VICI Golf on the Formation Date. “Caesars Lease Agreements” refer collectively to the CPLV Lease Agreement, the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement, the Joliet Lease Agreement and the HLV Lease Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires. “CEOC” refers to Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries, prior to the Formation Date, and following the Formation Date, CEOC, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and its subsidiaries. CEOC is a subsidiary of Caesars. “CPLV CMBS Debt” refers to $1.55 billion of asset-level real estate mortgage financing of Caesars Palace Las Vegas, incurred by a subsidiary of the Operating Partnership on October 6, 2017. “CPLV Lease Agreement” refers to the lease agreement for Caesars Palace Las Vegas, as amended from time to time. “CRC” refers to Caesars Resort Collection, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company which is a subsidiary of Caesars. “Eastside Property” refers to 18.4 acres of property located in Las Vegas, Nevada, east of Harrah’s Las Vegas that we sold to Caesars in December, 2017. “Formation Date” refers to October 6, 2017. “Formation Lease Agreements” refers to the CPLV Lease Agreement, the Joliet Lease Agreement and the Non- CPLV Lease Agreement, collectively. “Greektown” refers to the real estate assets associated with the Greektown Casino-Hotel, located in Detroit, Michigan. On November 13, 2018, we entered into definitive agreements to acquire all of the land and real estate assets associated with Greektown, “HLV Lease Agreement” refers to the lease agreement for the Harrah’s Las Vegas facilities, as amended from time to time. “Joliet Lease Agreement” refers to the lease agreement for the facilities in Joliet, Illinois, as amended from time to time. “Lease Agreements” refer collectively to the Caesars Lease Agreements and the Margaritaville Lease Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires. “Margaritaville Lease Agreement” refers to the lease agreement for Margaritaville Resort Casino. 1 “Margaritaville Resort Casino” refers to the real estate of Margaritaville Resort Casino, located in Bossier City, Louisiana, which we purchased on January 2, 2019. “Non-CPLV Lease Agreement” refers to the lease agreement for the regional properties leased to Caesars other than the facilities in Joliet, Illinois, as amended from time to time. The “Operating Partnership” refers to VICI Properties L.P., a Delaware limited partnership and a wholly owned subsidiary of VICI. “Penn National” refers to Penn National Gaming, Inc. and its subsidiaries. “Revolving Credit Facility” refers to the five-year first lien revolving credit facility entered into by VICI PropCo in December 2017. “Second Lien Notes” refers to $766.9 million aggregate principal amount of 8.0% second priority senior secured notes due 2023 issued by a subsidiary of the Operating Partnership in October 2017, of which approximately $498.5 million aggregate principal amount remains outstanding. “Term Loan B Facility” refers to the seven-year senior secured first lien term loan B facility entered into by VICI PropCo in December 2017. “VICI Golf” refers to VICI Golf LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is the owner and operator of the Caesars Entertainment Outdoor business. “VICI PropCo” or “PropCo” refers to VICI Properties 1 LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of VICI. ITEM 1. Business We are an owner and acquirer of experiential real estate assets across leading gaming, hospitality, entertainment and leisure destinations. Our national, geographically diverse portfolio currently consists of 22 market leading properties, including Caesars Palace Las Vegas and Harrah’s Las Vegas, two of the most iconic entertainment facilities on the Las Vegas Strip. Our entertainment facilities are leased to leading brands that seek to drive consumer loyalty and value with guests through superior services, experiences, products and continuous innovation. Across approximately 39 million square feet, our well-maintained properties are currently located across urban, destination and drive-to markets in ten states, contain approximately 14,800 hotel rooms and feature over 150 restaurants, bars and nightclubs. Our portfolio also includes approximately 34 acres of undeveloped or underdeveloped land on and adjacent to the Las Vegas Strip that is leased to Caesars, which we may look to monetize as appropriate. We also own and operate four championship golf courses located near certain of our properties, two of which are in close proximity to the Las Vegas Strip. We believe we have a mutually beneficial relationship with Caesars and Penn National, both of which are leading owners and operators of gaming, entertainment and leisure properties. Our long-term triple-net Lease Agreements with subsidiaries of Caesars and Penn National provide us with a highly predictable revenue stream with embedded growth potential. We believe our geographic diversification limits the effect of changes in any one market on our overall performance. We are focused on driving long-term total returns through managing experiential asset growth and allocating capital diligently, maintaining a highly productive tenant base, and optimizing our capital structure to support external growth. As a growth focused public real estate company, we expect our relationship with our partners will position us for the acquisition of additional properties across leisure and hospitality. 2 Our portfolio is competitively positioned and well-maintained. Pursuant to the terms of the Lease Agreements, which require our tenants to invest in our properties, and in line with our tenants’ commitment to build guest loyalty, we anticipate our tenants will continue to make strategic value-enhancing investments in our properties over time, helping to maintain their competitive position. In addition, given our scale and deep industry knowledge, we believe we are well-positioned to execute highly complementary single-asset and portfolio acquisitions to augment growth. We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. Federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2017. We believe our election of REIT status combined with the income generation from the Lease Agreements will enhance our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, providing investors with current income as well as long-term growth. Our Competitive Strengths We believe the following strengths effectively position us to execute our business and growth strategies: Leading portfolio of high-quality experiential gaming, hospitality, entertainment and leisure assets. Our portfolio features Caesars Palace Las Vegas and Harrah’s Las Vegas and market-leading urban, destination and regional properties with significant scale. Our properties are well-maintained and leased to leading brands, such as Caesars, Horseshoe, Harrah’s, Bally’s and Margaritaville. These brands seek to drive loyalty and value with guests through superior service and products and continuous innovation. Our portfolio benefits from its strong mix of demand generators, including casinos, guest rooms, restaurants, entertainment facilities, bars and nightclubs and convention space. We believe our properties are well-insulated from incremental competition as a result of high replacement costs, as well as regulatory restrictions and long-lead times for new development. The high quality of our properties appeals to a broad base of customers, stimulating traffic and visitation. Our portfolio is anchored by our Las Vegas properties, Caesars Palace Las Vegas and Harrah’s Las Vegas, which are located at the center of the Strip. We believe Las Vegas is a market characterized by steady economic growth and high consumer and business demand with limited new supply. Our Las Vegas properties, which are two of the most iconic entertainment facilities in Las Vegas, feature gaming entertainment, large-scale hotels, extensive food and beverage options, state-of-the-art convention facilities, retail outlets and entertainment showrooms. Our portfolio also includes market-leading regional resorts and destinations that we believe are benefiting from significant invested capital over recent years. The regional properties we own include award-winning land-based and dockside casinos, hotels and entertainment facilities that are market leaders within their respective regions. The properties operate primarily under the Caesars, Harrah’s, Horseshoe, Bally’s and Margaritaville trademark and brand names, which, in many instances, have market-leading brand recognition. Under the terms of the Lease Agreements, the tenants are required to continue to invest in the properties, which we believe will enhance the value of our properties. Our properties feature diversified sources of revenue on both a business and geographic basis. Our portfolio includes 22 geographically diverse casino resorts that serve numerous Metropolitan Statistical Areas (“MSAs”) nationally. This diversity reduces our exposure to adverse events that may affect any single market. This also allows our tenants to derive multiple revenue streams from an economically diverse set of customers and services to such customers. These include gaming, food and beverage, entertainment, hospitality and other sources of revenue. We believe that this geographic diversity and the diversity of revenue sources that our tenants derive from our leased properties improves the stability of rental revenue. Our long-term Lease Agreements provide a highly predictable base level of rent with embedded growth potential. Our properties are 100% occupied pursuant to our long-term triple-net Lease Agreements with subsidiaries of Caesars and Penn National, providing us with a predictable level of rental revenue to support future cash distributions to our stockholders. 3 All of our casino resort properties are established assets with extensive operating histories. Based on historical performance of the properties, we expect that the properties will generate sufficient revenues for Caesars’ and Penn National’s subsidiaries to pay to us all rent due under the Lease Agreements. We believe our relationship with Caesars and Penn National, including our contractual agreements with them and their applicable subsidiaries, will continue to drive significant benefits and mutual alignment of strategic interests in the future. Caesars or CRC guarantees the payment obligations of our tenants under the Caesars Lease Agreements and Penn National guarantees the payment obligations of our tenant under the Margaritaville Lease Agreement. All of our existing properties are leased to subsidiaries of Caesars or Penn National. Caesars guarantees the payment obligations of our tenants under the Formation Lease Agreements, CRC, a subsidiary of Caesars, guarantees the payment obligations of our tenant under the HLV Lease Agreement and Penn National guarantees the payment obligations of our tenant under the Margaritaville Lease Agreement. In addition to the properties leased from us, Caesars and Penn National operate numerous other casino resorts, collectively comprising a nationally recognized portfolio of brands. With respect to Caesars these include Caesars, Harrah’s, Horseshoe and Bally’s, and Caesars operates its portfolio of properties (including the properties that are leased from us) using the Caesars Rewards® customer loyalty program. Core to Caesars’ cross market strategy, the Caesars Rewards® program is designed to encourage Caesars’ customers to direct a larger share of their entertainment spending to Caesars. With respect to Penn National its brands include, but are not limited to, Hollywood, Boomtown, Argosy and Margaritaville, and Penn National operates its portfolio of properties (including the property leased from us) using the mychoice® customer loyalty program. Experienced management team and independent board of directors with robust corporate governance We have an experienced and independent management team that has been actively engaged in the leadership, acquisition and investment aspects of the hospitality, gaming, entertainment and real estate industries throughout their careers. Our Chief Executive Officer, Edward Pitoniak, and President and Chief Operating Officer, John Payne, are industry veterans with an average of 30 years of experience in the REIT, gaming and experiential real estate industries, during which time they were able to drive controlled growth and diversification of significant real estate and gaming portfolios. Mr. Pitoniak’s service as an independent board member of public companies provides him with a unique and meaningful management perspective and enables him to work with our independent board of directors as a trusted steward of our extensive portfolio. Our Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel have an average of 20 years of experience in the REIT, real estate and hospitality industries and bring significant leadership and expertise to our team across capital markets, corporate finance, acquisitions and corporate governance. Our independent board of directors, which is made of highly skilled and seasoned real estate, gaming, hospitality, consumer products and corporate professionals, was established to ensure that there was no overlap between our tenants and the companies with which our directors are affiliated. In addition, our board of directors is not staggered, with each of our directors subject to re-election annually. Robust corporate governance in the best interests of our stockholders is of central importance to the management of our company, as we have a separate Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer and all members of our audit and finance committee qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the SEC. Directors are elected in uncontested elections by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast, and stockholder approval is required prior to, or in certain circumstances within twelve months following, the adoption by our board of a stockholder rights plan. 4 Our Properties The following chart and table summarize our current portfolio of properties, our pending acquisition, our properties subject to the call option agreement with Caesars and our properties subject to the right of first refusal agreement and put/call agreement with Caesars. Our properties are diversified across a range of primary uses, including gaming, hotel, convention, dining, entertainment, retail, golf course and other resort amenities and activities. 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(cid:75)(cid:374)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:381)(cid:448)(cid:286)(cid:373)(cid:271)(cid:286)(cid:396)(cid:3)(cid:1005)(cid:1008)(cid:853)(cid:3)(cid:1006)(cid:1004)(cid:1005)(cid:1012)(cid:853)(cid:3)(cid:410)(cid:346)(cid:286)(cid:3)(cid:18)(cid:381)(cid:373)(cid:393)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:455)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:374)(cid:381)(cid:437)(cid:374)(cid:272)(cid:286)(cid:282)(cid:3)(cid:410)(cid:346)(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:3)(cid:349)(cid:410)(cid:3)(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:282)(cid:3)(cid:349)(cid:374)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:3)(cid:282)(cid:286)(cid:296)(cid:349)(cid:374)(cid:349)(cid:410)(cid:349)(cid:448)(cid:286)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:336)(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:373)(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:410)(cid:400)(cid:3)(cid:393)(cid:437)(cid:396)(cid:400)(cid:437)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:410)(cid:3)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:3)(cid:449)(cid:346)(cid:349)(cid:272)(cid:346)(cid:3)(cid:115)(cid:47)(cid:18)(cid:47)(cid:3)(cid:449)(cid:349)(cid:367)(cid:367)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:272)(cid:395)(cid:437)(cid:349)(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:3)(cid:410)(cid:346)(cid:286)(cid:3)(cid:367)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:3)(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:3)(cid:286)(cid:400)(cid:410)(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:400)(cid:400)(cid:286)(cid:410)(cid:400)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:400)(cid:400)(cid:381)(cid:272)(cid:349)(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:282)(cid:3)(cid:449)(cid:349)(cid:410)(cid:346)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:364)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:449)(cid:374)(cid:856)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:272)(cid:395)(cid:437)(cid:349)(cid:400)(cid:349)(cid:410)(cid:349)(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:3)(cid:349)(cid:400)(cid:3)(cid:393)(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:349)(cid:374)(cid:336)(cid:3)(cid:272)(cid:381)(cid:373)(cid:393)(cid:367)(cid:286)(cid:410)(cid:349)(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:853)(cid:3) (cid:400)(cid:437)(cid:271)(cid:361)(cid:286)(cid:272)(cid:410)(cid:3)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:3)(cid:272)(cid:437)(cid:400)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:373)(cid:258)(cid:396)(cid:455)(cid:3)(cid:272)(cid:367)(cid:381)(cid:400)(cid:349)(cid:374)(cid:336)(cid:3)(cid:272)(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:349)(cid:410)(cid:349)(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:400)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:3)(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:336)(cid:437)(cid:367)(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:396)(cid:455)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:393)(cid:393)(cid:396)(cid:381)(cid:448)(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:400)(cid:856) 5 MSA / Property Location Approx. Casino Sq Ft (000’s) Approx. Gaming Units Hotel Rooms Lease Agreement Current Portfolio - Casinos 124 89 44 40 45 116 127 113 108 39 28 12 27 Las Vegas—Destination Gaming Caesars Palace Las Vegas Harrah’s Las Vegas Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas, NV San Francisco / Sacramento Harvey’s Lake Tahoe Harrah’s Reno Harrah’s Lake Tahoe Philadelphia Caesars Atlantic City Bally’s Atlantic City Harrah’s Philadelphia (1) Chicago Lake Tahoe, NV Reno, NV Stateline, NV Atlantic City, NJ Atlantic City, NJ Chester, PA Horseshoe Hammond Harrah’s Joliet (2) Hammond, IN Joliet, IL Dallas Horseshoe Bossier City Bossier City, LA Bossier City, LA Bossier City, LA Harrah’s Louisiana Downs (1) Margaritaville Resort Casino (3) Kansas City Harrah’s North Kansas City Memphis North Kansas City, MO 60 Horseshoe Tunica Tunica Roadhouse (4) Robinsonville, MS Robinsonville, MS Omaha Harrah’s Council Bluffs Horseshoe Council Bluffs Council Bluffs, IA Council Bluffs, IA Nashville Harrah’s Metropolis Metropolis, IL New Orleans Harrah’s Gulf Coast Biloxi, MS Louisville, KY Horseshoe Southern Indiana Bluegrass Downs (1) Total Casinos Elizabeth, IN Paducah, KY 22 63 N/A 21 60 24 31 87 N/A 1,258 6 1,600 1,310 720 640 830 2,020 1,960 2,560 2,370 1,130 1,240 830 1,267 1,360 1,110 N/A 570 1,450 870 800 3,970 2,540 740 930 510 1,140 1,210 N/A N/A 200 610 N/A CPLV HLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Joliet Non-CPLV Non-CPLV 395 Margaritaville 390 510 140 250 N/A 260 500 Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV Non-CPLV 1,680 N/A 26,317 500 N/A 14,795 Current Portfolio - Golf Courses Las Vegas Cascata Golf Course Rio Secco Golf Course Boulder City, NV Henderson, NV New Orleans Grand Bear Golf Course Saucier, MS Louisville, KY Chariot Run Golf Course Total Golf Courses Total Detroit Laconia, IN 4 26 Pending Acquisition N/A N/A N/A N/A — 1,258 N/A N/A N/A N/A — N/A N/A N/A N/A — 26,317 14,795 N/A N/A N/A N/A Greektown Casino-Hotel Detroit, MI 100 2,480 400 N/A Option Properties Philadelphia Harrah’s Atlantic City Atlantic City, NJ New Orleans Harrah’s New Orleans New Orleans, LA Nevada Harrah’s Laughlin Laughlin, NV Total 3 156 125 55 336 2,270 2,590 1,620 450 910 4,800 1,500 4,540 N/A N/A N/A (1) Property has live horse racing. (2) Owned by Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC, a joint venture of which VICI PropCo is the 80% owner and the managing member. (3) We completed the previously announced acquisition of Margaritaville Resort Casino on January 2, 2019. (4) In January of 2019, Caesars combined the gaming operations of Tunica Roadhouse and Horseshoe Tunica. Our Tenants All of our properties with the exception of the golf courses and Margaritaville Resort Casino are leased to Caesars. The golf courses are internally managed (through our taxable REIT subsidiary, VICI Golf) and the Margaritaville Resort Casino is leased to Penn National. Caesars is a leading owner and operator of gaming, entertainment and leisure properties. Caesars maintains a diverse brand portfolio with a wide range of options that appeal to a variety of gaming, travel and entertainment consumers. As of December 31, 2018, Caesars operates 53 properties, consisting of 24 owned and operated properties, eight properties that it manages on behalf of third parties and 21 properties that it leases from us. Caesars was our only tenant as of December 31, 2018 and is the guarantor of the lease payment obligations of the properties that it leases from us. Caesars is a publicly traded company that is subject to the informational filing requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is required to file periodic reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Caesars’ SEC filings are available to the public from the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. We make no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the information regarding Caesars that is available through the SEC’s website or otherwise made available by Caesars or any third party, and none of such information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 7 Overview of our Lease Agreements We derive substantially all of our revenues from rental revenue from the leases of our properties to certain subsidiaries of Caesars and Penn National pursuant to the Lease Agreements, each of which are “triple-net” leases, pursuant to which the tenant bears responsibility for all property costs and expenses associated with ongoing maintenance and operation, including utilities, property tax and insurance. Caesars Lease Agreements - Overview On December 26, 2018, each of the Caesars Lease Agreements were amended to better align our interests with that of our tenant Caesars. As provided for in the amended lease agreements, the provisions regarding the Escalators for the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and Joliet Lease Agreement were amended so that the rent escalation commenced effective as of November 1, 2018. The following is a summary of the material lease provisions of our Caesars Lease Agreements prior to amendment and as amended: ($ In thousands) Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and Joliet Lease Agreement (1) CPLV Lease Agreement Lease Provision (2) Initial Term Renewal Terms Initial Base Rent (3) Escalator commencement Prior to Amendment As Amended Prior to Amendment 15 years 15 years Four, five-year terms Four, five-year terms $472,925 $493,925 Lease year six Lease year two 15 years Four, five- year terms $165,000 Lease year two As Amended 15 years Four, five- year terms $200,000 Lease year two HLV Lease Agreement (6) Prior to Amendment and as Amended 15 years Four, five- year terms $87,400 Lease year two Lease years 2-5 - 1% Lease Years 6-15 - Consumer price index subject to 2% floor 1.6x commencing lease year 6 Consumer price index subject to 2% floor Consumer price index subject to 2% floor None 1.7x commencing lease year 8 Lease years 8 and 11 Lease years 8 and 11 Lease years 8 and 11 80% Base Rent and 20% Variable Rent 80% Base Rent and 20% Variable Rent 80% Base Rent and 20% Variable Rent Lease years 2-5 - 1.5% Lease Years 6-15 - Consumer price index subject to 2% floor 1.2x commencing lease year 8 Lease years 8 and 11 Lease years 8-10 - 70% Base Rent and 30% Variable Rent Lease years 11-15- 80% Base Rent and 20% Variable Rent Escalator Consumer price index subject to 2% floor EBITDAR to Rent Ratio floor (4) None Variable Rent commencement/reset Lease years 8 and 11 Lease years 8-10 - 70% Base Rent and 30% Variable Rent Lease years 11-15- 80% Base Rent and 20% Variable Rent Lease years 8-10 - 19.5% Lease years 11-15 - 13% Variable Rent split (5) Variable Rent percentage (5) 4% 13% 4% 4% 8 ____________________ (1) With respect to the Joliet Lease Agreement, we are entitled to receive 80% of the rent thereunder pursuant to the operating agreement of our joint venture, Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC. (2) All capitalized terms used without definition herein have the meanings detailed in the applicable Caesars Lease Agreement. (3) The base rents of the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and CPLV Lease Agreement were adjusted by $21.0 million and $35.0 million, respectively, to incorporate the base rent for Harrah’s Philadelphia and Octavius Tower, respectively. The additional $35.0 million of rent for Octavius Tower is not subject to the Escalator. (4) In the event that the EBITDAR to Rent Ratio coverage is below the stated floor, the Escalator of the respective Caesars Lease Agreements will be reduced to such amount to achieve the stated EBITDAR to Rent Ratio coverage, provided that the amount shall never result in a decrease to the prior year’s rent. (5) Variable Rent is not subject to the Escalator and is calculated based on the increase or decrease of Net Revenues, as defined in the Caesars Lease Agreements, multiplied by the Variable Rent percentage. (6) No material modifications to the HLV Lease Agreement occurred as a result of the amendments to the Caesars Lease Agreements. Margaritaville Lease Agreement - Overview The following summarizes the key terms of the Margaritaville Lease Agreement, which is effective as of January 2, 2019 upon closing the acquisition of the Margaritaville Resort Casino: ($ In thousands) Lease Provision Initial term Renewal terms Term 15 years Four, five-year terms Building base rent $17,200 Escalation commencement Lease year two Escalation EBITDAR to rent ratio floor (1) Land base rent (2) Percentage rent (3) 2% of Building Base rent, subject to the EBITDAR to rent ratio floor 1.9x commencing lease year two $3,000 $3,000 (fixed for lease year one and two) Percentage rent reset Lease year three and each and every other lease year thereafter Percentage rent multiplier The product of (i) 4% and (ii) the excess (if any) of (a) the average annual net revenue of a trailing two-year period preceding such reset year over (b) a threshold amount (defined as 50% of LTM net revenues prior to acquisition) ____________________ (1) In the event that the EBITDAR to rent ratio coverage is below the stated floor, the escalation will be reduced to such amount to achieve the stated EBITDAR to rent ratio coverage, provided that the amount shall never result in a decrease to the prior year’s rent. (2) Land base rent is not subject to escalation. (3) Percentage rent is subject to the percentage rent multiplier. Capital Expenditure Requirements The Lease Agreements specify certain minimum amounts that our tenants must spend on capital expenditures that constitute installation or restoration and repair or other improvements of items with respect to the leased properties. The following table summarizes the capital expenditure requirements under the Lease Agreements: 9 Provision Yearly minimum expenditure Rolling three-year minimum (2) Initial minimum capital expenditure Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and Joliet Lease Agreement 1% of net revenues (1) CPLV Lease Agreement 1% of net revenues (1) HLV Lease Agreement 1% of net revenues commencing in 2022 Margaritaville Lease Agreement 1% of net revenues based on four-year average $255 million $84 million N/A N/A N/A $171 million (2017 - 2021) N/A N/A ____________________ (1) The lease agreement requires a $100 million floor on capital expenditures for CPLV, Joliet and Non-CPLV in the aggregate. Additionally, annual building & improvement capital improvements must be equal to or greater than 1% of prior year net revenues. (2) CEOC is required to spend $350 million with the remaining balance of $11 million to facilities covered by any Formation Lease Agreement in such proportion as CEOC may elect. Additionally, CEOC is required to expend a minimum of $495 million across certain of its affiliates and other assets, together with the $350 million requirement. In addition to customary default remedies, if CEOC does not spend the full amount of the minimum capital expenditures as required under the applicable Formation Lease Agreement, we have the right to seek the remedy of specific performance to require CEOC to spend any such unspent amount or deposit such amounts in a reserve account. CEOC’s obligations to spend the minimum capital expenditures will constitute monetary obligations included in Caesars’ obligations as guarantor with respect to these Formation Lease Agreements. Our Relationship with Caesars We are independent from Caesars. As of December 31, 2018, all our gaming facilities were leased to subsidiaries of Caesars. Consistent with our diversification strategy, on January 2, 2019 we completed the previously disclosed transaction to acquire the Margaritaville Resort Casino and entered into a long-term lease with a subsidiary of Penn National. We believe we have a mutually beneficial relationship with Caesars, a leading owner and operator of gaming, entertainment and leisure properties. Our long-term triple-net Lease Agreements with subsidiaries of Caesars provide us with a highly predictable revenue stream with embedded growth potential. We believe our geographic diversification limits the effect of changes in any one market on our overall performance. We are focused on driving long-term total returns through managing assets and allocating capital diligently, maintaining a highly productive tenant base, capitalizing on strategic development and redevelopment opportunities, and optimizing our capital structure to support opportunistic growth. To govern the ongoing relationship between us and Caesars and our respective subsidiaries, we entered into various agreements with Caesars and/or its subsidiaries as described herein. The summaries presented below are not complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the applicable agreements, which are included as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Caesars Guaranty Pursuant to the Management and Lease Support Agreements, Caesars guarantees the payment and performance of all monetary obligations of CEOC and/or its subsidiaries under the Formation Lease Agreements and of the “User” under the Golf Course Use Agreement, subject to the following terms: (i) Caesars will be liable for the full amounts of the monetary obligations owed under the Formation Lease Agreements and the Golf Course Use Agreement (not merely for any deficiency amount), unless and until irrevocably paid in full; (ii) Caesars will have no obligation to make a payment with respect to the leases unless an event of default is continuing under the applicable Formation Lease Agreement and Caesars was given notice of the applicable default (or event or circumstance that is or would become a default) of our tenant and/or its subsidiaries under the applicable Lease Agreement, and, with respect to monetary defaults, did not cure such default within the period set forth in the 10 agreements; and (iii) Caesars’ and the Managers’ obligations with respect to each Management and Lease Support Agreement (including Caesars’ guaranty obligations) will terminate if the applicable Formation Lease Agreement is terminated by us, except to the extent of any accrued and unpaid guaranty obligations through the date of such termination and damages to which we are entitled due to such termination. Caesars’ guaranty obligations will also terminate if (x) the Management and Lease Support Agreement is terminated by the parties thereto, (y) a replacement Lease Agreement and Management and Lease Support Agreement are entered into by us, Caesars and/or its affiliates upon certain bankruptcy-related events (or if we elect in writing not to enter into such replacement agreements or such replacement agreements are not entered into as a direct and proximate result of our acts or failure to act) or (z) we terminate a Manager for cause (as defined in the Management and Lease Support Agreements) and an arbitrator determines that cause did not exist. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Caesars’ guaranty obligations will continue (i) to the extent of any accrued and unpaid guaranty obligations through the date of termination of the guaranty and such damages to which we are entitled due to such termination, (ii) during a two-year post-termination transition period during which the applicable Manager continues to act as manager and (iii) in all respects if the Managers are terminated for cause. Collateral Caesars’ guaranty of the Formation Leases is not currently collateralized. However, if CEOC’s first lien debt (or any guaranty thereof made by Caesars) is secured by Caesars’ or certain of its subsidiaries’ assets under certain circumstances the collateral securing any such first lien debt of CEOC shall also serve as collateral for Caesars’ guaranty obligations on a pari passu basis with such CEOC first lien debt. Such security interest will automatically be released upon the earlier to occur of (i) the termination of the security interest granted by Caesars or its subsidiaries securing CEOC’s first lien debt (or Caesars’ guaranty thereof) and (ii) (x) the date on which Caesars’ guaranty obligations under the Management and Lease Support Agreements have been irrevocably paid or (y) to the extent Caesars’ guaranty obligation under the Management and Lease Support Agreement is terminated, twelve months after such termination. Such security interest would be a “silent” security interest that provides us with a secured claim against Caesars while any such Caesars debt guaranty or pledge of assets remains in effect, but we will have no voting, enforcement or default related rights with respect to such debt guaranty or collateral, unless and until the occurrence of certain defaults in respect of any of Caesars’ guaranty obligations with respect to the Lease Agreements, or CEOC’s first lien debt. The collateral that secures Caesars’ guaranty obligations will be the same collateral that secures any such Caesars debt guaranty obligations at any time, and Caesars’ guaranty obligations will be secured by such collateral on a pari passu basis with such debt guaranty obligations for so long as such debt guaranty obligations are secured. Caesars Covenants The Management and Lease Support Agreements contain customary terms and waivers of all suretyship and other defenses by Caesars and include a covenant by Caesars requiring that (a) a sale of certain material assets by Caesars be for fair market value consideration, on arm’s-length terms in certain cases, with the approval of Caesars’ board of directors, and (b) non-cash dividends by Caesars are permitted only to the extent such dividends would not reasonably be expected to result in Caesars’ inability to perform its guaranty obligations under such agreements. In addition, until October 6, 2023, or, if earlier, (x) on the date on which Caesars’ guaranty obligations under the Management and Lease Support Agreements have been irrevocably paid or (y) to the extent Caesars’ guaranty obligation under the Management and Lease Support Agreements are terminated by the express terms of the Management and Lease Support Agreements, twelve months after such termination, Caesars may not directly or indirectly (i) declare or pay any dividend, distribution, or similar payment with respect to any of Caesars’ capital stock or other equity interests, (ii) purchase or otherwise acquire or retire for value any of Caesars’ capital stock or other equity interests, or (iii) engage in any other transaction with any direct or indirect holder of Caesars’ capital stock or other equity interests, which is similar in purpose or effect to those described above. However, Caesars will be permitted to execute such transactions if (a) Caesars’ equity market capitalization after giving effect to such transaction is at least $5.5 billion, (b) the amount of such transaction (together with any and all other such dividends and distributions and other transactions made under this clause (b) but excluding, any dividends, distributions or 11 other transactions to be made under clause (c) or (d) below in such fiscal year), does not exceed, in the aggregate, (x) 25% of the net proceeds, up to a cap of $25 million in any fiscal year, from the disposition of assets by Caesars and its subsidiaries and (y) $100 million from other sources in any fiscal year, (c) Caesars’ equity market capitalization after giving effect to such transaction is at least $4.5 billion and such transaction made under this clause (c) (excluding, any dividends, distributions or other transactions made under clause (b) above or clause (d) below in such fiscal year) is less than or equal to $125 million per annum and is funded solely by asset sale proceeds or (d) solely with respect to a transaction described in clause (a) above, the aggregate amount of such transactions (excluding transactions made under clause (b) or (c) above) is not more than $199.5 million. Similarly, until October 6, 2023, or the expiration of the restrictions described above (except in the case of the exceptions under clauses (a) and (c) above), any net proceeds from the disposition of assets by Caesars or its subsidiaries in excess of $25 million that are directly or indirectly distributed to, or otherwise received by, Caesars in any fiscal year will not be used to fund any restricted payment of Caesars described above in clauses (i) through (iii) above. Second Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal Agreement We entered into a second amended and restated right of first refusal agreement with Caesars (the “Second Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal Agreement”), which contains a right of first refusal in our favor, pursuant to which we have the right to own (and cause to be leased to, and managed by, Caesars (or its affiliate or affiliates)) any domestic gaming facility located outside of Greater Las Vegas, proposed to be acquired or developed by Caesars that is not (i) then subject to a pre-existing lease, management agreement or other contractual restriction that was not entered into in contemplation of such acquisition or development and which (x) was entered into on arms’- length terms and (y) would not be terminated upon or prior to such transaction, (ii) a transaction for which the opco/propco structure would be prohibited by applicable laws, or which would require governmental consent or approval (unless already received), (iii) any transaction that does not consist of owning or acquiring a fee or leasehold interest in real property, (iv) a transaction in which Caesars will not own at least 50% of, or control, the entity that will own the gaming facility, (v) a transaction in which one or more third parties will own or acquire, in the aggregate, a beneficial economic interest of at least 30% in the applicable gaming facility, and such third parties are unable, or make a bona fide, good faith refusal, to enter into the opco/propco structure, (vi) a transaction in which Caesars or its subsidiaries proposes to acquire a then-existing gaming facility from Caesars or its subsidiaries, and (vii) a transaction with respect to any asset remaining in CEOC after the formation transactions. The Second Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal further provides us, subject to certain exclusions, the right to acquire (and lease to Caesars) (x) any of the properties that Caesars has agreed to acquire from Centaur Holdings, LLC, should Caesars determine to sell any such properties in a sale-leaseback transaction, (y) certain income-producing improvements if built by Caesars in lieu of the Caesars Forum Convention Center on the Eastside Property, subject to certain exclusions and (z) a portion of the undeveloped land adjacent to the Las Vegas Strip, if acquired from us and developed by Caesars in accordance with certain procedures set forth in the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement. If, among other things, we decline to exercise our right of first refusal, the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and Joliet Lease Agreement establish a variable rent floor to any facility outside of Greater Las Vegas and located within a 30-mile radius of any facility as to which we declined our right of first refusal. If we exercise such right, we and Caesars will structure such transaction in a manner that allows the subject property to be owned by us and leased to Caesars. In such event, Caesars (or its designee) will enter into a lease with respect to the subject property whereby (i) rent thereunder will be established based on formulas consistent with the EBITDAR coverage ratio (determined based on the prior 12-month period) with respect to the Lease Agreement then in effect and (ii) such other terms as are agreed by the parties. The Second Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal Agreement also contains a right of first refusal in favor of Caesars, pursuant to which Caesars will have the right to lease and manage any domestic gaming facility located outside of Greater Las Vegas, proposed to be acquired by us that is not: (i) any asset that is then subject to a pre- existing lease, management agreement or other contractual restriction that was not entered into in contemplation of such acquisition and which (x) was entered into on arms’ length terms and (y) would not be terminated upon or prior to closing of such transaction, (ii) any transaction for which the opco/propco structure would be prohibited by applicable laws or which would require governmental consent (unless already received), (iii) any transaction structured by the seller as a sale-leaseback, (iv) any transaction in which we will not own at least 50% of, or control, 12 the entity that will own the gaming facility, and (v) any transaction in which we propose to acquire a then-existing gaming facility from ourselves or our affiliates. If Caesars (or its designee) exercises such right, we and Caesars will structure such transaction in a manner that allows the subject property to be owned by us and leased to Caesars. In such event, Caesars (or its designee) will enter into a lease with respect to the additional property whereby (i) rent thereunder will be established based on formulas consistent with the adjusted EBITDA coverage ratio (as set forth in the agreement) with respect to the lease then in effect and (ii) such other terms as are agreed by the parties. In the event that the foregoing rights are not exercised by us or Caesars and CEOC, as applicable, each party will have the right to consummate the subject transaction without the other’s involvement, provided the same is on terms no more favorable to the counterparty than those presented to us or Caesars and CEOC, as applicable. The rights of first refusal will not apply if (A) the Management and Lease Support Agreements have been terminated or have expired by their terms or with our consent, (B) Caesars is no longer managing the facilities, or (C) a change of control occurs with respect to either Caesars or us. Call Right Agreements We entered into certain call right agreements (the “Call Right Agreements”), which provide our Operating Partnership with the opportunity to acquire Harrah’s Atlantic City, Harrah’s New Orleans and Harrah’s Laughlin (“Option Properties”) from Caesars. Our Operating Partnership can exercise the call rights within five years from the Formation Date. The purchase price for each property will be 10 multiplied by the initial property lease rent for the respective property, with the initial property lease rent for each property being the amount that causes the ratio of (x) EBITDAR of the property for the most recently ended four quarter period for which financial statements are available to (y) the initial property lease rent to equal 1.67. Under certain circumstances, the owner may propose one or more replacement properties and the material terms of the purchase and if such proposal is at least as economically beneficial to us as the exercise of the call right, the parties must proceed with the sale of that property and any dispute with respect to the same (including whether such proposal was a qualifying proposal) will be submitted to arbitration. If the exercise of the call right is not permissible because a debt agreement does not permit the sale and such limitation is not resolved within one year from exercise of the right and the owner has not made an alternative proposal that is at least as economically beneficial to us as the exercise of the call right, the owner must pay us an amount equal to the value of our loss as of the Formation Date which will increase at a rate of 8.5% per annum, with annual compounding for the period from the date of each agreement until the date on which payment of the value loss amount is made. If the exercise of the call right is not permissible due to a reason other than because of a debt limitation and the owner has not made an alternative proposal that is at least as economically beneficial to us as the exercise of the call right, then the parties must use commercially reasonable efforts to resolve the issue in accordance with the agreement. If the applicable issue making the transaction impermissible is not resolved by the foregoing described deadline, the owner must use commercially reasonable efforts to sell the property to an alternative purchaser for the fair market value of the property, and , upon the closing of any such alternative transaction we would be entitled to any portion of the purchase price that exceeds the amount that would otherwise be determined in accordance with the applicable agreement. If the exercise of the call right is permissible, the parties will use good faith, commercially reasonable efforts, for a period of ninety days following the delivery of the election notice to negotiate and enter into a sale agreement and conveyance and ancillary documents with respect to the applicable property together with a leaseback agreement. 13 Put-Call Agreement Claudine Propco LLC (“HLV Owner”), our wholly owned subsidiary, and certain subsidiaries of Caesars entered into a put-call agreement (the “Put-Call Agreement”) which provides for (i) a put right in favor of Caesars, which would result in the sale by Caesars to HLV Owner and simultaneous leaseback by HLV Owner to Caesars of a convention center (the “Caesars Forum Convention Center”) that Caesars is currently constructing on the Eastside Property (the “Put Right”), (ii) if Caesars exercises the Put Right and, among other things, the sale of the Caesars Forum Convention Center to HLV Owner does not close for certain reasons more particularly described in the agreement, then a repurchase right in favor of Caesars, which, if exercised, would result in the sale by HLV Owner to Caesars of Harrah’s Las Vegas (the “Repurchase Right”) and (iii) a call right in favor of HLV Owner, which, if exercised, would result in the sale by Caesars to HLV Owner and simultaneous leaseback by HLV Owner to Caesars of the Caesars Forum Convention Center (the “Call Right”). The Put Right may be exercised by Caesars between January 1, 2024 and December 31, 2024. The Repurchase Right may be exercised by Caesars during a one-year period commencing on the date upon which the closing under the Put Right transaction does not occur and ending on the day immediately preceding the first anniversary thereof. The purchase price for Harrah’s Las Vegas would be an amount equal to 13 times the rent due under the HLV Lease Agreement for the most recently ended four consecutive fiscal quarter period for which financial statements are available as of the date of Caesars’ election to execute the Repurchase Right. The Call Right may be exercised by HLV Owner between January 1, 2027 and December 31, 2027. The purchase price for the Caesars Forum Convention Center is equal to 13 times the rent due in connection with the leaseback thereof, which will be determined pursuant to the formulas set forth in the Put/Call Agreement. Golf Course Use Agreement Pursuant to a golf course use agreement (as amended , the “Golf Course Use Agreement”), VICI Golf granted to CEOC and CES (collectively, the “users”) certain priority rights and privileges with respect to access and use of the following golf course properties: Rio Secco (Henderson, Nevada), Cascata (Boulder City, Nevada), Chariot Run (Laconia, Indiana) and Grand Bear (Saucier, Mississippi). Pursuant to the Golf Course Use Agreement, the users are granted specific rights and privileges to the golf courses, including (i) preferred access to tee times for guests of users’ casinos and/or hotels located within the same markets as the golf courses, (ii) preferred rates for guests of users’ casinos and/or hotels located within the same markets as the golf courses, and (iii) availability for golf tournaments and events at preferred rates and discounts. Payments under the Golf Course Use Agreement are currently comprised of an approximately $10.2 million annual membership fee, $3.1 million of use fees and $1.2 million of minimum rounds fees subject to certain adjustments. Tax Matters Agreement We have entered into a tax matters agreement (the “Tax Matters Agreement”), which addresses matters relating to the payment of taxes and entitlement to tax refunds by Caesars, CEOC, the Operating Partnership and us, and allocates certain liabilities, including providing for certain covenants and indemnities, relating to the payment of such taxes, receipt of such refunds, and preparation of tax returns relating thereto. In general, the Tax Matters Agreement provides for the preparation and filing by Caesars of tax returns relating to CEOC and for the preparation and filing by us of tax returns relating to us and our operations. Under the Tax Matters Agreement, Caesars has agreed to indemnify us for any taxes allocated to CEOC which we are required to pay pursuant to our tax returns and we have agreed to indemnify Caesars for any taxes allocated to us which Caesars or CEOC is required to pay pursuant to a Caesars or CEOC tax return. Under the Tax Matters Agreement, Caesars has agreed to indemnify us for taxes attributable to acts or omissions taken by Caesars and we have agreed to indemnify Caesars for taxes attributable to our acts or omissions, in each case that cause a failure of the transactions entered into as part of the Plan of Reorganization to qualify as tax-free under the code. 14 Competition We compete for real property investments with other REITs, gaming companies, investment companies, private equity and hedge fund investors, sovereign funds, lenders and other investors. In addition, revenues from our properties are dependent on the ability of our tenants and operators, subsidiaries of Caesars, and with the closing of Margaritaville Resort Casino, Penn National, to compete with other gaming operators. The operators of our properties compete on a local and regional basis for customers. The gaming industry is characterized by a high degree of competition among a large number of participants, including riverboat casinos, dockside casinos, land- based casinos, video lottery, sweepstakes and poker machines not located in casinos, Native American gaming, emerging varieties of Internet gaming and other forms of gaming in the United States. As a landlord, we compete in the real estate market with numerous developers and owners of properties. Some of our competitors are significantly larger, have greater financial resources and lower costs of capital than we have, have greater economies of scale and have greater name recognition than we do. Increased competition will make it more challenging to identify and successfully capitalize on acquisition opportunities that meet our investment objectives. Our ability to compete is also impacted by national and local economic trends, availability of investment alternatives, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, existing laws and regulations, new legislation and population trends. Employees Approximately 140 employees were employed by us at December 31, 2018. These employees are employed either at our Operating Partnership or at our taxable REIT subsidiary, VICI Golf, or their respective subsidiaries. Governmental Regulation and Licensing The ownership, operation and management of gaming and racing facilities are subject to pervasive regulation. Each of our gaming and racing facilities is subject to regulation under the laws, rules, and regulations of the jurisdiction in which it is located. Gaming laws and regulations generally require gaming industry participants to: • • ensure that unsuitable individuals and organizations have no role in gaming operations; establish and maintain responsible accounting practices and procedures; • maintain effective controls over their financial practices, including establishment of minimum procedures for internal fiscal affairs and the safeguarding of assets and revenues; • maintain systems for reliable record keeping; • • file periodic reports with gaming regulators; and ensure that contracts and financial transactions are commercially reasonable, reflect fair market value and are arms-length transactions. Gaming laws and regulations impact our business in two respects: (1) our ownership of land and buildings in which gaming activities are operated by subsidiaries of Caesars or Penn National pursuant to the Lease Agreements; and (2) the operations of our tenants as operators in the gaming industry. Further, many gaming and racing regulatory agencies in the jurisdictions in which our tenants operate require us and our affiliates to apply for and maintain a license as a key business entity or supplier because of our status as landlord. Our businesses and the business of Caesars or Penn National are also subject to various Federal, state and local laws and regulations in addition to gaming regulations. These laws and regulations include, but are not limited to, restrictions and conditions concerning alcoholic beverages, environmental matters, employees, health care, currency transactions, taxation, zoning and building codes and marketing and advertising. Such laws and regulations could change or could be interpreted differently in the future, or new laws and regulations could be enacted. Material changes, new laws or regulations, or material differences in interpretations by courts or governmental authorities could adversely affect our operating results. 15 Violations of Gaming Laws If we, our subsidiaries or the tenants of our properties violate applicable gaming laws, our gaming licenses could be limited, conditioned, suspended or revoked by gaming authorities, and we and any other persons involved could be subject to substantial fines. Further, a supervisor or conservator can be appointed by gaming authorities to operate our gaming properties, or in some jurisdictions, take title to our gaming assets in the jurisdiction, and under certain circumstances, earnings generated during such appointment could be forfeited to the applicable jurisdictions. Violations of laws in one jurisdiction could result in disciplinary action in other jurisdictions. Finally, the loss of our gaming licenses could result in an event of default under our certain of our indebtedness, and cross-default provisions in our debt agreements could cause an event of default under one debt agreement to trigger an event of default under our other debt agreements. As a result, violations by us of applicable gaming laws could have a material adverse effect on us. Review and Approval of Transactions Substantially all material loans, leases, sales of securities and similar financing transactions by us and our subsidiaries must be reported to and in some cases approved by gaming authorities. Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries may make a public offering of securities without the prior approval of certain gaming authorities. Changes in control through merger, consolidation, stock or asset acquisitions, management or consulting agreements, or otherwise are subject to receipt of prior approval of gaming authorities. Entities seeking to acquire control of us or one of our subsidiaries must satisfy gaming authorities with respect to a variety of stringent standards prior to assuming control. Insurance The Lease Agreements require the tenants to maintain, with financially sound and reputable insurance companies (and in certain cases subject to the right of the tenants to self-insure), insurance (subject to customary deductibles and retentions) in such amounts and against such risks as are customarily maintained by similarly situated companies engaged in the same or similar businesses operating in the same or similar locations. The Lease Agreements provide that the amount and type of insurance that the tenants have in effect as of the commencement of the leases will satisfy for all purposes the requirements to insure the properties. However, such insurance coverage may not be sufficient to fully cover our losses. Environmental Matters Our properties are subject to environmental laws regulating, among other things, air emissions, wastewater discharges and the handling and disposal of wastes, including medical wastes. Certain of the properties we own utilize above or underground storage tanks to store heating oil for use at the properties. Other properties were built during the time that asbestos-containing building materials were routinely installed in residential and commercial structures. The Lease Agreements generally obligate our tenants to comply with applicable environmental laws and to indemnify us if its noncompliance results in losses or claims against us, and we expect that any future leases will include the same provisions for other operators. A tenant’s failure to comply could result in fines and penalties or the requirement to undertake corrective actions which may result in significant costs to the operator and thus adversely affect their ability to meet their obligations to us. Pursuant to U.S. Federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be required to investigate, remove and/or remediate a release of hazardous substances or other regulated materials at, or emanating from, such property. Further, under certain circumstances, such owners or operators of real property may be held liable for property damage, personal injury and/or natural resource damage resulting from or arising in connection with such releases. Certain of these laws have been interpreted to be joint and several unless the harm is divisible and there is a reasonable basis for allocation of responsibility. We also may be liable under certain of these laws for damage that occurred prior to our ownership of a property or at a site where we sent wastes for disposal. The failure to properly remediate a property may also adversely affect our ability to lease, sell or rent the property or to borrow funds using the property as collateral. 16 In connection with the ownership of our current properties and any properties that we may acquire in the future, we could be legally responsible for environmental liabilities or costs relating to a release of hazardous substances or other regulated materials at or emanating from such property. We are not aware of any environmental issues that are expected to have a material impact on the operations of any of our properties. Sustainability We incorporate sustainability into our investment and asset management strategies, with a focus on minimizing environmental impact. During the acquisition of new properties, we will assess both sustainability opportunities and climate change-related risks as part of our due diligence process. Our properties are generally leased to our tenants under long-term, triple-net leases, which give our tenants the control over our properties and the ability to institute energy conservation and environmental management programs. Our tenants are large companies with sophisticated conservation and sustainability programs. These programs limit the use of resources and limit the impact of our properties on the environment, including but not limited to implementing specific environmental efficiency enhancements, green building and lighting standards, standards regarding the reduction in energy and water consumption, and recycling programs. As part of our asset management strategy, we also work with our tenants to monitor environmental performance and support implementation of operational best practices. We are committed to being a responsible corporate citizen and minimizing our impact on the environment. Our approach to corporate citizenship is reinforced by periodic engagement with key stakeholders to understand their corporate responsibility priorities. Intellectual Property Most of the properties within our portfolio are currently operated and promoted under trademarks and brand names not owned by us, including Caesars Palace, Horseshoe, Harrah’s, Bally’s and Margaritaville. In addition, properties that we may acquire in the future may be operated and promoted under these same trademarks and brand names, or under different trademarks and brand names we do not, or will not, own. During the term that our properties are managed by Caesars and Penn National, we are reliant on Caesars and Penn National to maintain and protect the trademarks, brand names and other licensed intellectual property used in the operation or promotion of the leased properties. Operation of the leased properties, as well as our business and financial condition, could be adversely impacted by infringement, invalidation, unauthorized use or litigation affecting any such intellectual property. In addition, if any of our properties are rebranded, it could have a material adverse effect on us, as we may not enjoy comparable recognition or status under a new brand. Investment Policies Investment in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate Our investment objectives are to increase cash flow from operations, achieve sustainable long-term growth and maximize stockholder value to allow for stable dividends and stock appreciation. We have not established a specific policy regarding the relative priority of these investment objectives. Our business is focused primarily on gaming and leisure sector properties and activities directly related thereto. We own 22 market-leading properties and own and operate four golf courses. We believe there are potential opportunities to acquire additional gaming, hospitality and entertainment destinations. Our future investment activities will not be limited to any geographic area or to a specific percentage of our assets. We intend to engage in such future investment activities in a manner that is consistent with our qualification as a REIT for U.S. Federal income tax purposes. We do not have a specific policy to acquire assets primarily for capital gain or primarily for income. In addition, we may purchase or lease income-producing commercial and other types of properties for long-term investment, expand and improve the properties we presently own or other acquired properties, or sell such properties, in whole or in part, when circumstances warrant. We may participate with third parties in property ownership, through joint ventures or other types of co- ownership, and we may engage in such activities in the future if we determine that doing so would be the most 17 effective means of owning or acquiring properties. We do not expect, however, to enter into a joint venture or other partnership arrangement to make an investment that would not otherwise meet our investment policies. We also may acquire real estate or interests in real estate in exchange for the issuance of common stock, preferred stock or options to purchase stock or interests in our subsidiaries, including our Operating Partnership. Equity investments in acquired properties may be subject to existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or to new indebtedness which may be incurred in connection with acquiring or refinancing these investments. Principal and interest on our debt will have a priority over any dividends with respect to our common stock. Investments are also subject to our policy not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. Investments in Real Estate Mortgages Although we do not presently intend to invest in mortgages or deeds of trust, other than in a manner that is ancillary to an equity investment, we may elect, in our discretion, to invest in mortgages and other types of real estate interests, including, without limitation, participating or convertible mortgages; provided, in each case, that such investment is consistent with our qualification as a REIT. Investments in real estate mortgages run the risk that one or more borrowers may default under certain mortgages and that the collateral securing certain mortgages may not be sufficient to enable us to recoup our full investment. Securities of or Interests in Persons Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities and Other Issuers Subject to the asset tests and gross income tests necessary for REIT qualification, we may invest in securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of exercising control over such entities. We do not currently have any policy limiting the types of entities in which we may invest or the proportion of assets to be so invested, whether through acquisition of an entity’s common stock, limited liability or partnership interests, interests in another REIT or entry into a joint venture. We have no current plans to make additional investments in entities that are not engaged in real estate activities. Our investment objectives are to maximize the cash flow of our investments, acquire investments with growth potential and provide cash distributions and long-term capital appreciation to our stockholders through increases in the value of our company. We have not established a specific policy regarding the relative priority of these investment objectives. Investments in Short-term Commercial Paper and Discount Notes We generally invest our excess cash on hand in short-term income producing investments, such as commercial paper, government securities, including those issued by government-sponsored enterprises such as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and certain of the Federal Home Loan Banks, or money market funds that invest in government securities and/or commercial paper that are consistent with our intention to continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. These investments generally have original maturities between 91 and 120 days. Investment in Other Securities Other than as described above, we do not intend to invest in any additional securities of third parties, such as bonds, preferred stocks or common stock. Financing Policies We expect to employ leverage in our capital structure in amounts that we determine appropriate from time to time. Our board of directors has not adopted a policy which limits the total amount of indebtedness that we may incur, but will consider a number of factors in evaluating our level of indebtedness from time to time, as well as the amount of such indebtedness that will be either fixed or variable rate. We are, however, and expect to continue to be subject to certain indebtedness limitations pursuant to the restrictive covenants of our outstanding indebtedness. We may from time to time modify our debt policy in light of then-current economic conditions, relative availability and costs of debt and equity capital, market values of our properties, general market conditions for debt and equity 18 securities, fluctuations in the market price of our shares of common stock, growth and acquisition opportunities and other factors. If these limits are relaxed, we could become more highly leveraged, resulting in an increased risk of default on our obligations and a related increase in debt service requirements that could adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. To the extent that our board of directors or management determines that it is necessary to raise additional capital, we may, without stockholder approval, borrow money under our Revolving Credit Facility, issue debt or equity securities, including securities senior to our shares, retain earnings (subject to the REIT distribution requirements for U.S. Federal income tax purposes), assume indebtedness, obtain mortgage financing on a portion of our owned properties, engage in a joint venture, or employ a combination of these methods. Corporate Information We were initially organized as a limited liability company in the State of Delaware on July 5, 2016 as a wholly owned subsidiary of CEOC. On May 5, 2017, we subsequently converted to a corporation under the laws of the State of Maryland and issued shares of common stock to CEOC as part of our formation transactions, which shares were subsequently transferred by CEOC to its creditors as part of the Third Amended Joint Plan of Reorganization of Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc. et. al. (the “Plan of Reorganization”) confirmed by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Chicago) (the “Bankruptcy Court”) on January 17, 2017. See Note 1—Business Formation and Basis of Presentation to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the formation transactions. Our principal executive offices are located at 430 Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10022 and our main telephone number at that location is (646) 949-4785. Our website address is www.viciproperties.com. None of the information on, or accessible through, our website or any other website identified herein is incorporated in, or constitutes a part of, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our electronic filings with the SEC (including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to these reports), including the exhibits, are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with or furnish them to the SEC. 19 CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including statements such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “target,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on our current plans, expectations and projections about future events. We caution you therefore against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. They give our expectations about the future and are not guarantees. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance and achievements to materially differ from any future results, performance and achievements expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and beliefs that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results, performance and achievements could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements and may be affected by a variety of risks and other factors, including, among others: • • • • • • • our dependence on subsidiaries of Caesars and Penn National as tenants of our properties and Caesars and Penn National or certain of their respective subsidiaries as guarantors of the lease payments and the negative consequences any material adverse effect on their respective businesses could have on us; our dependence on the gaming industry; our ability to pursue our business and growth strategies may be limited by our substantial debt service requirements and by the requirement that we distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income in order to qualify for taxation as a REIT and that we distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income in order to avoid current entity- level U.S. Federal income taxes; the impact of extensive regulation from gaming and other regulatory authorities; the ability of our tenants to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals in connection with the operation of our properties; the possibility that our tenants may choose not to renew the Lease Agreements following the initial or subsequent terms of the leases; restrictions on our ability to sell our properties subject to the Lease Agreements; • Caesars’ and Penn National’s historical results may not be a reliable indicator of their future results; • • • • • • • • our substantial amount of indebtedness and ability to service and refinance such indebtedness; limits on our operational and financial flexibility imposed by our debt agreements; our historical financial information may not be reliable indicators of our future results of operations, financial condition and cash flows; the ability to receive, or delays in obtaining, the governmental and regulatory approvals and consents required to consummate our pending acquisition of Greektown, or other delays or impediments to completing this acquisition; our ability to obtain the financing necessary to complete the pending acquisition on the terms we currently expect or at all; the possibility that the pending acquisition may not be completed or that completion may be unduly delayed; the effects of our recently completed acquisition and the pending acquisitions on us, including the post- acquisition impact on our financial condition, financial and operating results, cash flows, strategy and plans; the possibility our separation from CEOC fails to qualify as a tax-free spin-off, which could subject us to significant tax liabilities; 20 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • the impact of changes to the U.S. Federal income tax laws; the possibility of foreclosure on our properties if we are unable to meet required debt service payments; the impact of a rise in interest rates on us; our inability to successfully pursue investments in, and acquisitions of, additional properties; the impact of natural disasters or terrorism on our properties; the loss of the services of key personnel; the inability to attract, retain and motivate employees; the costs and liabilities associated with environmental compliance; failure to establish and maintain an effective system of integrated internal controls; the costs of operating as a public company; our inability to operate as a stand-alone company; our inability to maintain our qualification for taxation as a REIT; our reliance on distributions received from the Operating Partnership to make distributions to our stockholders; the amount of our cash distributions could be impacted if we were to sell any of our properties in the future; our ability to continue to make distributions to holders of our common stock or maintain anticipated levels of distributions over time; competition for acquisition opportunities from other REITs and gaming companies that may have greater resources and access to capital and a lower cost of capital than us; and additional factors discussed herein under “Risk Factors” and listed from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including without limitation, in our subsequent reports on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K. Any of the assumptions underlying forward-looking statements could be inaccurate. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the risk that actual results, performance and achievements will differ materially from the expectations expressed herein will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the Federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in forward-looking statements, the inclusion of such forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us. 21 ITEM 1A. Risk Factors You should be aware that the occurrence of any of the events described in this section and elsewhere in this report or in any other of our filings with the SEC could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows. In evaluating us, you should consider carefully, among other things, the risks described below. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face, but do represent those risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that, as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we deem immaterial may also harm our business. Some statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward- Looking Statements.” Risks Related to Our Business and Operations We are and will be significantly dependent on Caesars and Penn National and their respective subsidiaries unless or until we substantially diversify our portfolio and an event that has a material adverse effect on either of their respective businesses, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations or prospects could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. We depend on our tenants to operate the properties that we own in a manner that generates revenues sufficient to allow the tenants to meet their obligations to us. Substantially all of our revenue is from our leases with subsidiaries of Caesars and Penn National. Because these master leases are triple-net leases, we depend on the tenants to pay substantially all insurance, taxes, utilities and maintenance and repair expenses in connection with these leased properties and to indemnify, defend, and hold us harmless from and against various claims, litigation, and liabilities arising in connection with their businesses. See “Item 1 - Business.” There can be no assurance that the tenants will have sufficient assets, income or access to financing to enable them to satisfy their payment and other obligations under their leases with us, or that the applicable guarantor will be able to satisfy its guarantee of the applicable tenant’s obligations under the Lease Agreements. The tenants and applicable guarantors rely on the properties they or their respective subsidiaries own and/or operate for income to satisfy their obligations, including their debt service requirements and lease payments due to us under the Lease Agreements or to others under other lease agreements. If income from these properties were to decline for any reason, or if Caesars’ or Penn National’s debt service requirements were to increase for any reason or if their creditworthiness were to become impaired for other reasons, a tenant or the applicable guarantor may become unable or unwilling to satisfy its payment and other obligations under their leases with us. The inability or unwillingness of either Caesars or Penn National to meet their respective subsidiaries’ payment and other obligations under the leases, in each case, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects, including our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Due to our dependence on rental payments from subsidiaries of Caesars and Penn National as our primary source of revenue, we may be limited in our ability to enforce our rights under the leases or to terminate the applicable lease with respect to any particular property. Failure by the tenants to comply with the terms of their respective leases or to comply with the gaming regulations to which the leased properties are subject could require us to find another tenant for such property, to the extent possible, and there could be a decrease or cessation of rental payments by the tenants. In such event, we may be unable to locate a suitable, credit-worthy tenant at similar rental rates or at all, which would have the effect of reducing our rental revenues and could have a material adverse effect on us. Because a concentrated portion of our revenues are generated from the Strip, we are subject to greater risks than a company that is more geographically diversified. Our properties on the Las Vegas Strip generated approximately 36% of our lease revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018. Therefore, our business may be significantly affected by risks common to the Las Vegas tourism industry. For example, the cost and availability of air services and the impact of any events that disrupt 22 air travel to and from Las Vegas can adversely affect the business of our tenants. We cannot control the number or frequency of flights to or from Las Vegas, but the tenants rely on air traffic for a significant portion of their visitors. Reductions in flights by major airlines as a result of higher fuel prices or lower demand can impact the number of visitors to our properties. Additionally, there is one principal interstate highway between Las Vegas and Southern California, where a large number of the customers that frequent our properties reside. Capacity constraints of that highway or any other traffic disruptions may also affect the number of customers who visit our facilities. Moreover, due to the importance of our two properties on the Strip, we may be disproportionately affected by general risks such as acts of terrorism, natural disasters, including major fires, floods and earthquakes, and severe or inclement weather, should such developments occur in or nearby Las Vegas. Caesars and its subsidiaries are party to certain leasing and financial commitments with us, which may have a negative impact on Caesars’ business and operating condition. Caesars and/or its subsidiaries entered into certain leasing and financial commitments, evidenced by agreements, with us. See Item 1 - “Business - Our Relationship with Caesars” for additional information regarding such agreements. Caesars is obligated to pay us in the aggregate approximately $4.2 billion in fixed annual rents and golf course membership fees over the next five years of the respective Caesars Lease Agreements, subject to certain escalators and adjustments. If Caesars’ businesses and properties fail to generate sufficient earnings, the applicable tenants, Caesars and/or CRC may be unable to satisfy their respective obligations under the Lease Agreements or the related guarantees, respectively. Additionally, these obligations may limit their ability to make investments to maintain and grow their portfolio of businesses and properties, which may adversely affect their competitiveness and ability to satisfy their obligations to us. Subsidiaries of Caesars are required to pay a significant portion of their cash flow from operations to us pursuant to, and subject to the terms and conditions of, the Caesars Lease Agreements, which could adversely affect Caesars’ ability to fund their operations or development projects, raise capital, make acquisitions, and otherwise respond to competitive and economic changes and its ability to satisfy its payment obligations to us under the Lease Agreements and the related guarantees. Subsidiaries of Caesars are required to pay a significant portion of their cash flow from operations to us pursuant to, and subject to the terms and conditions of, the Caesars Lease Agreements. See Item 1 “Business - Caesars Lease Agreements - Overview” and Item 1 “Business - Our Relationship with Caesars.” As a result of this commitment, Caesars’ ability to fund its operations or development projects, raise capital, make acquisitions and otherwise respond to competitive and economic changes may be adversely affected, which could adversely affect the ability of the applicable tenants to satisfy their obligations to us under the Caesars Lease Agreements and the ability of Caesars and/or CRC to satisfy their respective obligations to us under the related guarantees. In addition, during the initial seven years of the Caesars Lease Agreements, the annual rent escalations under the Caesars Lease Agreements will continue to apply regardless of the amount of cash flows generated by the properties that are subject to the Caesars Lease Agreements. Accordingly, if the cash flows generated by such properties decrease, or do not increase at the same rate as the rent escalations, the rents payable under the Caesars Lease Agreements will comprise a higher percentage of the cash flows generated by the subsidiaries of Caesars, which could make it more difficult for the applicable subsidiaries to make their payment obligations to us under the Caesars Lease Agreements and ultimately could adversely affect Caesars’ and/or CRC’s ability to satisfy their respective obligations to us under the related guarantees. Caesars’ indebtedness and the fact that a significant portion of its cash flow is used to make interest payments could adversely affect its ability to satisfy its obligations under the Caesars Lease Agreements. As disclosed in its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, Caesars’ consolidated estimated debt service (including principal and interest) for 2019 will be approximately $654.0 million and $23.6 billion thereafter to maturity. As a result, a significant portion of Caesars’ liquidity needs are for debt service, 23 including significant interest payments. Such substantial indebtedness and the restrictive covenants under the agreements governing such indebtedness could limit the ability of the applicable tenants to satisfy their obligations to us under the Lease Agreements and the ability of Caesars’ and/or CRC to satisfy their respective obligations under the related guarantees. We are dependent on the gaming industry and may be susceptible to the risks associated with it, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. As the landlord of gaming facilities, we are impacted by the risks associated with the gaming industry. Therefore, so long as our investments are concentrated in gaming-related assets, our success is dependent on the gaming industry, which could be adversely affected by economic conditions in general, changes in consumer trends and preferences and other factors over which we and our tenants have no control. As we are subject to risks inherent in substantial investments in a single industry, a decrease in the gaming business would likely have a greater adverse effect on us than if we owned a more diversified real estate portfolio, particularly because a component of the rent under the Lease Agreements will be based, over time, on the performance of the gaming facilities operated by our tenants on our properties and such effect could be material and adverse to our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. The gaming industry is characterized by a high degree of competition among a large number of participants, including riverboat casinos, dockside casinos, land-based casinos, video lottery, sweepstakes and poker machines not located in casinos, Native American gaming, internet lotteries and other internet wagering gaming services and, in a broader sense, gaming operators face competition from all manner of leisure and entertainment activities. Gaming competition is intense in most of the markets where our facilities are located. Recently, there has been additional significant competition in the gaming industry as a result of the upgrading or expansion of facilities by existing market participants, the entrance of new gaming participants into a market, internet gaming or legislative changes. As competing properties and new markets are opened, we may be negatively impacted. Additionally, decreases in discretionary consumer spending brought about by weakened general economic conditions such as, but not limited to, lackluster recoveries from recessions, high unemployment levels, higher income taxes, low levels of consumer confidence, weakness in the housing market, cultural and demographic changes and increased stock market volatility may negatively impact our revenues and operating cash flows. We face extensive regulation from gaming and other regulatory authorities, and our charter provides that any of our shares held by investors who are found to be unsuitable by state gaming regulatory authorities are subject to redemption. The ownership, operation, and management of gaming and racing facilities are subject to pervasive regulation. These gaming and racing regulations impact our gaming and racing tenants and persons associated with our gaming and racing facilities, which in many jurisdictions include us as the landlord and owner of the real estate. Certain gaming authorities in the jurisdictions in which we hold properties may require us and/or our affiliates to maintain a license as a key business entity or supplier because of our status as landlord. Gaming authorities also retain great discretion to require us to be found suitable as a landlord, and certain of our stockholders, officers and directors may be required to be found suitable as well. In many jurisdictions, gaming laws can require certain of our stockholders to file an application, be investigated, and qualify or have his, her or its suitability determined by gaming authorities. Gaming authorities have very broad discretion in determining whether an applicant should be deemed suitable. Subject to certain administrative proceeding requirements, the gaming regulators have the authority to deny any application or limit, condition, restrict, revoke or suspend any license, registration, finding of suitability or approval, or fine any person licensed, registered or found suitable or approved, for any cause deemed reasonable by the gaming authorities. Gaming authorities may conduct investigations into the conduct or associations of our directors, officers, key employees or investors to ensure compliance with applicable standards. If we are required to be found suitable and are found suitable as a landlord, we will be registered as a public company with the gaming authorities and 24 will be subject to disciplinary action if, after we receive notice that a person is unsuitable to be a stockholder or to have any other relationship with us, we: • • • • pay that person any distribution or interest upon any of our voting securities; allow that person to exercise, directly or indirectly, any voting right conferred through securities held by that person; pay remuneration in any form to that person for services rendered or otherwise; or fail to pursue all lawful efforts to require such unsuitable person to relinquish his or her voting securities, including, if necessary, the immediate purchase of the voting securities for cash at fair market value. Many jurisdictions also require any person who acquires beneficial ownership of more than a certain percentage of voting securities of a gaming company and, in some jurisdictions, non-voting securities, typically 5% of a publicly-traded company, to report the acquisition to gaming authorities, and gaming authorities may require such holders to apply for qualification, licensure or a finding of suitability, subject to limited exceptions for “institutional investors” that hold a company’s voting securities for passive investment purposes only. Our outstanding shares of capital stock are held subject to applicable gaming laws. Any person owning or controlling at least 5% of the outstanding shares of any class of our capital stock is required to promptly notify us of such person’s identity. Some jurisdictions may also limit the number of gaming licenses in which a person may hold an ownership or a controlling interest. Further, our directors, officers, key employees and investors in our shares must meet approval standards of certain gaming regulatory authorities. If such gaming regulatory authorities were to find such a person or investor unsuitable, we may be required to sever our relationship with that person or the investor may be required to dispose of his, her or its interest in us. Our charter provides that all of our shares held by investors who are found to be unsuitable by regulatory authorities are subject to redemption upon our receipt of notice of such finding. Additionally, the loss of our gaming licenses could result in an event of default under our certain of our indebtedness, and cross-default provisions in our debt agreements could cause an event of default under one debt agreement to trigger an event of default under our other debt agreements. Finally, substantially all material loans, significant acquisitions, leases, sales of securities and similar financing transactions by us and our subsidiaries must be reported to, and in some cases approved by, gaming authorities in advance of the transaction. Neither we nor any of our subsidiaries may make a public offering of securities without the prior approval of certain gaming authorities. Changes in control through merger, consolidation, stock or asset acquisitions, management or consulting agreements, or otherwise may be subject to receipt of prior approval of certain gaming authorities. Entities seeking to acquire control of us or one of our subsidiaries (and certain of our affiliates) must satisfy gaming authorities with respect to a variety of stringent standards prior to assuming control. Failure to satisfy the stringent licensing standards may preclude entities from acquiring control of us or one of our subsidiaries (and certain of our affiliates) and/or require the entities to divest such control. Required regulatory approvals can delay or prohibit transfers of our gaming properties, which could result in periods in which we are unable to receive rent for such properties and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. Our tenants are (and any future tenants of our gaming properties will be) required to be licensed under applicable law in order to operate any of our properties as gaming facilities. If the Lease Agreements, or any future lease agreement we enter into, are terminated (which could be required by a regulatory agency) or expire, any new tenant must be licensed and receive other regulatory approvals to operate our properties as gaming facilities. Any delay in, or inability of, the new tenant to receive required licenses and other regulatory approvals from the applicable state and county government agencies may prolong the period during which we are unable to collect the applicable rent. Further, in the event that the Lease Agreements or future lease agreements are terminated or expire and a new tenant is not licensed or fails to receive other regulatory approvals, the properties may not be operated as gaming facilities and we will not be able to collect the applicable rent. Moreover, we may be unable to transfer or sell the 25 affected properties as gaming facilities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. Tenants may choose not to renew the Lease Agreements. The Lease Agreements each have an initial lease term of 15 years with the potential to extend the term for up to four additional five-year terms thereafter, provided that for certain facilities the aggregate lease term, including renewals, is cutback to the extent it would otherwise exceed 80% of the remaining useful life of the applicable leased property, solely at the option of the tenants. At the expiration of the initial lease term or of any additional renewal term thereafter, a tenant may choose not to renew the Lease Agreements. If the Lease Agreements expire without renewal and we are not able to find suitable, credit-worthy tenants to replace a tenant on the same or more attractive terms, our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects may be materially and adversely affected, including our ability to make distributions to our stockholders at the then current level, or at all. This risk would be exacerbated if Caesars (or Penn National, as the case may be) determined not to renew or was prohibited from renewing due to the remaining useful life of the leased property, all Lease Agreements at any one time. Net leases may not result in fair market lease rates over time, which could negatively impact our results of operations and cash flows and reduce the amount of funds available to make distributions to stockholders. All of our rental revenue is generated from the Lease Agreements, which are triple-net leases, and provide greater flexibility to the respective tenants related to the use of the applicable leased property than would be the case with ordinary property leases, such as the right to freely sublease portions of each leased property, to make alterations in the leased premises and to terminate the lease prior to its expiration under specified circumstances. Furthermore, net leases typically have longer lease terms and, thus, there is an increased risk that contractual rental increases in future years will fail to result in fair market rental rates during those years. As a result, our results of operations and cash flows and distributions to our stockholders could be lower than they would otherwise be if we did not enter into a net lease. The Lease Agreements may restrict our ability to sell the properties. Our ability to sell or dispose of our properties may be hindered by the fact that such properties are subject to the Lease Agreements, as the terms of the Lease Agreements require that a purchaser assume the Lease Agreements or, in certain cases, enter into a severance lease with the tenants for the sold property on substantially the same terms as contained in the applicable Lease Agreement, which may make our properties less attractive to a potential buyer than alternative properties that may be for sale. Properties within our portfolio are, and properties that we may acquire in the future are likely to be, operated and promoted under certain trademarks and brand names that we do not own. Most of the properties within our portfolio are currently operated and promoted under trademarks and brand names not owned by us, including Caesars Palace, Horseshoe, Harrah’s, Bally’s and Margaritaville. In addition, properties that we may acquire in the future may be operated and promoted under these same trademarks and brand names, or under different trademarks and brand names we do not, or will not, own. During the term that our properties are managed by our tenants, we will be reliant on our tenants to maintain and protect the trademarks, brand names and other licensed intellectual property used in the operation or promotion of the leased properties. Operation of the leased properties, as well as our business and financial condition, could be adversely impacted by infringement, invalidation, unauthorized use or litigation affecting any such intellectual property. Moreover, if any of our properties are rebranded unsuccessfully, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects, as we may not enjoy comparable recognition or status under a new brand. A transition of management away from a Caesars or Penn National entity could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. 26 We have a substantial amount of indebtedness and expect to incur additional indebtedness in connection with the closing of the pending Greektown acquisition and may incur additional indebtedness in the future. Our substantial indebtedness exposes us to the risk of default under our debt obligations, limits our operating flexibility, increases the risks associated with a downturn in our business or in the businesses of our tenants, and requires us to use a substantial portion of our cash to service our debt obligations. We have a substantial amount of indebtedness and debt service requirements. As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately $4.1 billion in long-term indebtedness, consisting of: • • • $2.1 billion of total indebtedness outstanding under our Term Loan B Facility; $498.5 million of outstanding Second Lien Notes; and $1.55 billion of CPLV CMBS Debt. In addition, we expect to incur additional indebtedness in connection with the closing of the pending Greektown acquisition and to pay related fees and expenses, and we may incur additional indebtedness in the future to finance additional acquisitions or otherwise. As of December 31, 2018, we also have $400.0 million of available capacity to borrow under our Revolving Credit Facility. Our indebtedness is collateralized by substantially all of our properties. Payments of principal and interest under this indebtedness, or any other instruments governing debt we may incur in the future, may leave us with insufficient cash resources to pursue our business and growth strategies or to pay the distributions currently contemplated or necessary to qualify or maintain qualification as a REIT. Our substantial outstanding indebtedness or future indebtedness, and the limitations imposed on us by our debt agreements, could have other significant adverse consequences, including the following: • our cash flow may be insufficient to meet our required principal and interest payments; • we may be unable to borrow additional funds as needed or on favorable terms, which could, among other things, adversely affect our ability to capitalize upon emerging acquisition opportunities, including exercising our rights of first refusal and call rights described herein, or meet operational needs; • we may be unable to refinance our indebtedness at maturity or the refinancing terms may be less favorable than the terms of our original indebtedness; • we may be forced to dispose of one or more of our properties if permitted under the Lease Agreements, possibly on disadvantageous terms at a loss; • the ability of the Operating Partnership to distribute cash to us may be limited or prohibited, which would materially and adversely affect our ability to make distributions on our common stock; • we may fail to comply with the payment and restrictive covenants in our loan documents, which would entitle the lenders to accelerate payment of outstanding loans and foreclose on any properties servicing such loans; and • we may be unable to hedge floating rate debt, counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under our hedge agreements and these agreements may not effectively hedge interest rate fluctuation risk. If any one of these events were to occur, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, the market price of our common stock and our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and to pay distributions to our stockholders could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, the foreclosure on our properties could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds, which could result in entity level taxes to us or could adversely affect our ability to meet the distribution requirements necessary to qualify or maintain qualification as a REIT. In addition, the Code generally requires that a REIT distribute annually to its stockholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (with certain adjustments), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it distributes annually less than 100% of its REIT taxable income, including capital gains. VICI Golf is also subject to U.S. Federal income tax at regular corporate rates on any of its taxable income. In order to maintain our status as a REIT and 27 avoid or otherwise minimize current entity-level U.S. Federal income taxes, a substantial portion of our cash flow after operating expenses and debt service will be required to be distributed to our stockholders. Because of the limitations on the amount of cash available to us after satisfying our debt service obligations and our distribution obligations to maintain our status as a REIT and avoid or otherwise minimize current entity-level U.S. Federal income taxes, our ability to pursue our business and growth strategies will be limited. Any mechanic’s liens or similar liens incurred by the tenants under the Lease Agreements may attach to, and constitute liens on, our interests in the properties. To the extent the tenants under the Lease Agreements make any improvements, these improvements could cause mechanic’s liens or similar liens to attach to, and constitute liens on, our interests in the properties. To the extent that mechanic’s liens or similar liens are recorded against any of the properties or any properties we may acquire in the future, the holders of such mechanic’s liens or similar liens may enforce them by court action and courts may cause the applicable properties or future properties to be sold to satisfy such liens, which could negatively impact our revenues, results of operations, cash flows and distributions to our stockholders. Further, holders of such liens could have priority over our stockholders in the event of bankruptcy or liquidation, and as a result, a trustee in bankruptcy may have difficulty realizing or foreclosing on such properties in any such bankruptcy or liquidation, and the amount of distributions our stockholders could receive in such bankruptcy or liquidation could be reduced. Adverse changes in our credit rating may affect our borrowing capacity and borrowing terms. Our outstanding debt is periodically rated by nationally recognized credit rating agencies. The credit ratings are based upon our operating performance, liquidity and leverage ratios, overall financial condition, and other factors viewed by the credit rating agencies as relevant to both our industry and the economic outlook. Our credit rating may affect the amount of capital we can access, as well as the terms of any financing we obtain. Because we rely in part on debt financing to fund growth, the absence of an investment grade credit rating or any credit rating downgrade or negative outlook may have a negative effect on our future growth. We will have future capital needs and may not be able to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms. We may incur additional indebtedness in the future to refinance our existing indebtedness or to finance newly acquired properties or for general corporate or other purposes. Any significant additional indebtedness could require a substantial portion of our cash flow to make interest and principal payments due on our indebtedness. Greater demands on our cash resources may reduce funds available to us to pay distributions, make capital expenditures and acquisitions, or carry out other aspects of our business and growth strategies. Increased indebtedness can also limit our ability to adjust rapidly to changing market conditions, make us more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions and create competitive disadvantages for us compared to other companies with relatively lower debt levels. Increased future debt service obligations may limit our operational and financial flexibility. Further, to the extent we were required to incur indebtedness, our future interest costs would increase, thereby reducing our earnings and cash flows from what they otherwise would have been. Moreover, our ability to obtain additional financing and satisfy our financial obligations under indebtedness outstanding from time to time will depend upon our future operating performance, which is subject to then prevailing general economic and credit market conditions, including interest rate levels and the availability of credit generally, and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. The prolonged continuation or worsening of current credit market conditions would have a material adverse effect on our ability to obtain financing on favorable terms, if at all. We may be unable to obtain additional financing or financing on favorable terms or our operating cash flow may be insufficient to satisfy our financial obligations under indebtedness outstanding from time to time (if any). Among other things, the absence of an investment grade credit rating or any credit rating downgrade or negative outlook could increase our financing costs and could limit our access to financing sources. If financing is not available when needed, or is available on unfavorable terms, we may be unable to pursue our business and growth strategies 28 or otherwise take advantage of new business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. We may raise additional funds in the future through the issuance of equity securities and, as a result, our stockholders may experience significant dilution, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and make it more difficult for our stockholders to sell our shares at a time and price that they deem appropriate and could impair our future ability to raise capital through an offering of our equity securities. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness as it becomes due depends on many factors, some of which are beyond our control. Our ability to refinance our existing indebtedness and any future indebtedness will depend, in part, on our current and projected financial condition, liquidity and results of operations and economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors. Many of these factors are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness as it becomes due, on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we are not able to refinance our indebtedness as it becomes due, we will be obligated to pay such indebtedness with cash from our operations and we may not have sufficient cash to do so, which would have a material and adverse effect on us. Covenants in our debt agreements limit our operational flexibility, and a covenant breach or default could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. The agreements governing our indebtedness contain customary covenants, including restrictions on our ability to grant liens on our assets, incur indebtedness, sell assets, make investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations and pay certain dividends and other restricted payments. These covenants could impair our ability to pursue our business and growth strategies, take advantage of new business opportunities or successfully compete. A breach of any of these covenants or covenants under any other agreements governing our indebtedness could result in an event of default. Cross-default provisions in our debt agreements could cause an event of default under one debt agreement to trigger an event of default under our other debt agreements. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under any of our debt agreements, the lenders could elect to declare all outstanding debt under such agreements to be immediately due and payable. If we were unable to repay or refinance the accelerated debt, the lenders could proceed against any assets pledged to secure that debt, including foreclosing on or requiring the sale of our properties, and our assets may not be sufficient to repay such debt in full. Covenants that limit our operational flexibility as well as defaults under our debt instruments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. A rise in interest rates may increase our overall interest rate expense and could adversely affect our stock price. A rise in interest rates may increase our overall interest rate expense and have an adverse impact on our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. The risk presented by holding variable rate indebtedness can be managed or mitigated by utilizing interest rate protection products. However, there is no assurance that we will utilize any of these products effectively or all, or that such products will be available to us. In addition, in the event of a rise in interest rates, new debt, whether fixed or variable, is likely to be more expensive, which could, among other things, make the financing of any acquisition more expensive, and we may be unable to incur new debt or replace maturing debt with new debt at equal or better interest rates. Further, the dividend yield on our common stock, as a percentage of the price of such common stock, will influence the market price of such common stock. Thus, an increase in market interest rates may lead prospective purchasers of our common stock to expect a higher dividend yield, which would adversely affect the market price of our common stock. We have engaged and may engage in hedging transactions that may limit gains or result in losses. We use derivatives to hedge certain of our liabilities and we currently have interest rate swap agreements in place. As of December 31, 2018, we had in place four interest rate swap agreements with third party financial institutions having an aggregate notional amount of $1.5 billion. Subsequent to year end, on January 3, 2019, we entered into 29 two additional interest rate swap transactions having an aggregate notional amount of $500.0 million (bringing the aggregate notional amount of debt subject to an interest rate swap to $2.0 billion). The interest rate swap transactions are designated as cash flow hedges that effectively fix the LIBOR component of the interest rate on a portion of the outstanding debt under the Term Loan B Facility. The counterparties of these arrangements are major financial institutions; however, we are exposed to credit risk in the event of non-performance by the counterparties. This has certain risks, including losses on a hedge position, which may reduce the return on our investments. Such losses may exceed the amount invested in such instruments. In addition, counterparties to a hedging arrangement could default on their obligations. We may have to pay certain costs, such as transaction fees or breakage costs, related to hedging transactions. We may not be able to purchase the properties subject to the Call Right Agreements, the Second Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal Agreement or the Put-Call Agreement if we are unable to obtain additional financing. In addition, we may be forced to dispose of Harrah’s Las Vegas to Caesars, possibly on disadvantageous terms. The Call Right Agreements provide for our right for up to five years after the Formation Date to enter into binding agreements to purchase the real property interest and all improvements associated with the Option Properties from Caesars. The Put/Call Agreement that we entered into with Caesars, among other things, provides us with the opportunity or the obligation to acquire the Caesars Forum Convention Center and lease it back to Caesars. The Second Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal Agreement provides us the right, subject to certain exclusions, to (i) acquire (and lease to Caesars) any domestic gaming facilities located outside of the Gaming Enterprise District of Clark County, Nevada, proposed to be acquired or developed by Caesars, and (ii) acquire (and lease to Caesars) any of the properties that Caesars has recently agreed to acquire from Centaur Holdings, LLC, in each case, should Caesars determine to sell any such properties. In order to exercise these rights, we would likely be required to secure additional financing and our substantial level of indebtedness following the Formation Date or other factors could limit our ability to do so on attractive terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain financing on terms acceptable to us, we may not be able to exercise these rights and acquire these properties. Even if financing with acceptable terms is available to us, there can be no assurance that we will exercise any of these rights. The Put/Call Agreement, among other things, grants Caesars the right to sell to (and simultaneously lease back from) us the Caesars Forum Convention Center. If Caesars exercises the right to sell to (and lease from) us the Caesars Forum Convention Center and the transactions do not close for reasons other than a default by Caesars or a failure to obtain any required regulatory approvals, Caesars will have the right to acquire Harrah’s Las Vegas from us, all on and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Put/Call Agreement. In addition, the HLV Lease Agreement grants Caesars the right to purchase Harrah’s Las Vegas from us if we engage in certain transactions with entities deemed to be competitors of Caesars or if the landlord under the lease otherwise becomes a competitor of Caesars. The disposition of Harrah’s Las Vegas to Caesars pursuant to the Put/Call Agreement or the HLV Lease Agreement may be at disadvantageous terms and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. The bankruptcy or insolvency of any tenant or guarantor could result in the termination of the Lease Agreements and the related guarantees and material losses to us. We are subject to the credit risk of our tenants. We cannot assure you that our tenants will not default on their leases and fail to make rental payments to us. In particular, disruptions in the financial and credit markets, local economic conditions and other factors affecting the gaming industry may affect our tenants’ ability to obtain financing to operate their businesses or continue to profitability execute their business plans. This, in turn, may cause our tenants to be unable to meet their financial obligations, including making rental payments to us, which may result in their bankruptcy or insolvency. In the event of a bankruptcy of Caesars, CRC or Penn National, any claim for damages under the guarantee may not be paid in full. Furthermore, although the tenants’ performance and payments under the Caesars Lease Agreements are guaranteed by Caesars or CRC, as the case may be, a default by the applicable tenant under the Caesars Lease Agreement, or by Caesars or CRC with regard to its guarantee, may cause a default under certain circumstances with regard to the entire portfolio covered by the Caesars Lease Agreements. In event of a bankruptcy, there can be no assurances that the tenants, Caesars or CRC would assume the Caesars Lease 30 Agreements or the related guarantees, and if the Caesars Lease Agreements or guarantees were rejected, the tenant, Caesars or CRC, as applicable, may not have sufficient funds to pay the damages that would be owed to us a result of the rejection and we might not be able to find a replacement tenant on the same or better terms. For these and other reasons, the bankruptcy of one or more tenants, Caesars, CRC or Penn National would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. Our pursuit of investments in, and acquisitions of, additional properties may be unsuccessful or fail to meet our expectations. We intend to continue to pursue acquisitions of additional properties and seek acquisitions and other strategic opportunities. Accordingly, we may often be engaged in evaluating potential transactions and other strategic alternatives. In addition, from time to time, we may engage in discussions that may result in one or more transactions. Although there is uncertainty that any of these discussions will result in definitive agreements or the completion of any transaction, we may devote a significant amount of our management resources to such a transaction, which could negatively impact our operations. We may incur significant costs in connection with seeking acquisitions or other strategic opportunities regardless of whether the transaction is completed and, to the extent applicable, in combining our operations if such a transaction is completed. We operate in a highly competitive industry and face competition from other REITs, investment companies, private equity and hedge fund investors, sovereign funds, lenders, gaming companies and other investors, some of whom are significantly larger and have greater resources, access to capital and lower costs of capital. Increased competition will make it more challenging to identify and successfully capitalize on acquisition opportunities that meet our investment objectives. If we cannot identify and purchase a sufficient quantity of gaming properties and other properties at favorable prices or if we are unable to finance acquisitions on commercially favorable terms, our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, the fact that we must distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT may limit our ability to rely upon rental payments from our leased properties or subsequently acquired properties in order to finance acquisitions. As a result, if debt or equity financing is not available on acceptable terms, further acquisitions might be limited or curtailed. Investments in and acquisitions of gaming properties and other properties we might seek to acquire entail risks associated with real estate investments generally, including that the investment’s performance will fail to meet expectations, that the cost estimates for necessary property improvements will prove inaccurate or the operator or manager will underperform. Real estate development projects present other risks, including construction delays or cost overruns that increase expenses, the inability to obtain required zoning, occupancy and other governmental approvals and permits on a timely basis, and the incurrence of significant development costs prior to completion of the project. Further, even if we were able to acquire additional properties in the future, there is no guarantee that such properties would be able to maintain their historical performance, which may prevent the ability of our tenants to pay the partial or total amount of the required lease payments under the respective Lease Agreements. In addition, our financing of these acquisitions could negatively impact our cash flows and liquidity, require us to incur substantial debt or involve the issuance of substantial new equity, which would be dilutive to existing stockholders. We have a substantial amount of indebtedness outstanding, which may affect our ability to pay distributions, may expose us to interest rate fluctuation risk and may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in implementing our business and growth strategies or that any expansion will improve operating results. The failure to identify and acquire new properties effectively, or the failure of any acquired properties to perform as expected, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. 31 We may fail to consummate the pending acquisition of Greektown or may not consummate such acquisition on the terms agreed to. We could be required, under certain circumstances, to pay significant termination fees or liquidated damages to the seller in the pending acquisition. The consummation of our pending acquisition of Greektown is subject to certain customary regulatory and other closing conditions, which make the completion and timing of the closing uncertain and, accordingly, there can be no assurance that such conditions will be satisfied on the anticipated schedule, or at all. If we fail to consummate the pending acquisition, we will not have acquired the revenue generating asset that will be required to produce the earnings and cash flow we anticipated. As a result, failure to consummate the acquisition would reduce our anticipated rental revenue and adversely affect our earnings per share and our ability to make distributions to stockholders, and the market price of our common stock could decline to the extent that the current market price reflects a market assumption that the pending acquisition will be completed. Furthermore, our ability to raise the amount of long-term debt financing necessary to fund the pending acquisition is subject to market and economic conditions. The transaction documents for the pending acquisition provide that, in specified circumstances, we could be required to pay significant termination fees or liquidated damages to the seller. If such a termination fee or liquidated damages is payable under any such circumstance described above, the payment could have a material adverse effect on us. We may sell or divest different properties or assets after an evaluation of our portfolio of businesses. Such sales or divestitures would affect our costs, revenues, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. From time to time, we may evaluate our properties and may, as a result, sell or attempt to sell, divest, or spin- off different properties or assets, subject to the terms of the Lease Agreements. These sales or divestitures would affect our costs, revenues, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and our ability to comply with financial covenants. Divestitures have inherent risks, including possible delays in closing transactions (including potential difficulties in obtaining regulatory approvals), the risk of lower-than-expected sales proceeds for the divested businesses, and potential post-closing claims for indemnification. In addition, current economic conditions and relatively illiquid real estate markets may result in fewer potential bidders and unsuccessful sales efforts. Our properties are subject to risks from natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, severe weather and terrorism. Our properties are located in areas that may be subject to natural disasters, such as earthquakes, and extreme weather conditions, including, but not limited to, hurricanes. Such natural disasters or extreme weather conditions may interrupt operations at the casinos, damage our properties, and reduce the number of customers who visit our facilities in such areas. A severe earthquake could damage or destroy our properties. In addition, our operations could be adversely impacted by a drought or other cause of water shortage. A severe drought of extensive duration experienced in Las Vegas or in the other regions in which we operate could adversely affect the business and financial results at our properties. Although the tenants are required to maintain both property and business interruption insurance coverage, such coverage is subject to deductibles and limits on maximum benefits, including limitation on the coverage period for business interruption, and we cannot assure you that we or the tenants will be able to fully insure such losses or fully collect, if at all, on claims resulting from such natural disasters. While the Lease Agreements require, and new lease agreements are expected to require, that comprehensive insurance and hazard insurance be maintained by the tenants, there are certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, that may be uninsurable or not economically insurable. Insurance coverage may not be sufficient to pay the full current market value or current replacement cost of a loss. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations, and other factors also might make it infeasible to use insurance proceeds to replace the property after such property has been damaged or destroyed. Under such circumstances, the insurance proceeds received might not be adequate to restore the economic position with respect to such property. If we experience a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds our policy coverage limits, we could lose the capital invested in the damaged properties as well as the anticipated future cash flows from those properties. 32 Terrorist attacks or other acts of violence may result in declining economic activity, which could harm the demand for goods and services offered by our tenants and the value of our properties and might adversely affect the value of an investment in our common stock. Such a resulting decrease in retail demand could make it difficult for us to renew or re-lease our properties to suitable, credit-worthy tenants at lease rates equal to or above historical rates. Terrorist activities or violence also could directly affect the value of our properties through damage, destruction or loss, and the availability of insurance for such acts, or of insurance generally, might be lower or cost more, which could increase our operating expenses and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows. To the extent that any of our tenants is affected by future terrorist attacks or violence, its business similarly could be adversely affected, including the ability of our tenants to continue to meet their obligations to us. These events might erode business and consumer confidence and spending and might result in increased volatility in national and international financial markets and economies. Any one of these events might decrease demand for real estate, decrease or delay the occupancy of our new or redeveloped properties, and limit our access to capital or increase our cost of raising capital. In addition, the Caesars Lease Agreements, as applicable, allow the tenants to remove a property from the Non- CPLV Lease Agreement and to terminate the CPLV Lease Agreement, the Joliet Lease Agreement or the HLV Lease Agreement, as the case may be, during the final two years of the lease terms if the cost to rebuild or restore a property in connection with a casualty event exceeds 25% of total property fair market value. Similarly, if a condemnation event occurs that renders a facility unsuitable for its primary intended use, the applicable tenants may remove the property from the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and may terminate the CPLV Lease Agreement, the Joliet Lease Agreement or the HLV Lease Agreement, as the case may be. The Margaritaville Lease Agreement allows the tenant to terminate the Margaritaville Lease Agreement during the final year of the lease term if 50% or more of the square feet of the improvements are destroyed by a casualty event such that the improvements are rendered substantially untenantable. If a condemnation event occurs that renders the Margaritaville Resort Casino reasonably uneconomical for the operation of the improvements thereon on a commercially practicable basis for their permitted use as rentable facilities capable of producing a fair and reasonable net income therefrom, the tenant may terminate the Margaritaville Lease Agreement. If a property is removed from the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement or if the CPLV Lease Agreement, the Joliet Lease Agreement, the HLV Lease Agreement or the Margaritaville Lease Agreement, as the case may be, is terminated, we will lose the rent associated with the related facility, which would have a negative impact on our financial results. In this event, following termination of the lease of a property, even if we are able to restore the affected property, we could be limited to selling or leasing such property to a new tenant in order to obtain an alternate source of revenue, which may not happen on comparable terms or at all. Changes in building and/or zoning laws may require us to update a property in the event of recapture or prevent us from fully restoring a property in the event of a substantial casualty loss and/or require us to meet additional or more stringent construction requirements. Due to changes, among other things, in applicable building and zoning laws, ordinances and codes that may affect certain of our properties that have come into effect after the initial construction of the properties, certain properties may not comply fully with current building and/or zoning laws, including electrical, fire, health and safety codes and regulations, use, lot coverage, parking and setback requirements, but may qualify as permitted non- conforming uses. Although the Lease Agreements require our tenants to pay for and ensure continued compliance with applicable law, there is no assurance that future leases will be negotiated on the same basis or that our tenants will make any changes required by the terms of the Lease Agreements and/or any future leases we may enter into. In addition, such changes may limit a tenant’s ability to restore the premises of a property to its previous condition in the event of a substantial casualty loss with respect to the property or the ability to refurbish, expand or renovate such property to remain compliant, or increase the cost of construction in order to comply with changes in building or zoning codes and regulations. If a tenant is unable to restore a property to its prior use after a substantial casualty loss or is required to comply with more stringent building or zoning codes and regulations, we may be unable to re- lease the space at a comparable effective rent or sell the property at an acceptable price, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. 33 Certain properties are subject to restrictions pursuant to reciprocal easement agreements, operating agreements or similar agreements. Many of the properties that we own are, and properties that we may acquire in the future may be, subject to use restrictions and/or operational requirements imposed pursuant to ground leases, restrictive covenants or conditions, reciprocal easement agreements or operating agreements or other instruments that could, among other things, adversely affect our ability to lease space to third parties. Such property restrictions could include: limitations on alterations, changes, expansions, or reconfiguration of properties; limitations on use of properties; limitations affecting parking requirements; or restrictions on exterior or interior signage or facades. In certain cases, consent of the other party or parties to such agreements may be required when altering, reconfiguring, expanding or redeveloping. Failure to secure such consents when necessary may harm our ability to execute leasing strategies, which could adversely affect us. The loss of the services of key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our success and ability to grow depends, in large part, upon the leadership and performance of our executive management team, particularly our chief executive officer, our president and chief operating officer, and our chief financial officer. Any unforeseen loss of our executive officers’ services, or any negative market or industry perception with respect to them or arising from their loss, could have a material adverse effect on our business. We do not have key man or similar life insurance policies covering members of our senior management. We have employment agreements with our executive officers, but these agreements do not guarantee that any given executive will remain with us, and there can be no assurance that any such officers will remain with us. The appointment or replacement of certain key members of our executive management team is subject to regulatory approvals based upon suitability determinations by gaming regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions where our properties are located. If any of our executive officers is found unsuitable by any such gaming regulatory authorities, or if we otherwise lose their services, we would have to find alternative candidates and may not be able to successfully manage our business or achieve our business objectives. Environmental compliance costs and liabilities associated with real estate properties owned by us may materially impair the value of those investments. As an owner of real property, we are subject to various Federal, state and local environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. Although we do not operate or manage most of our properties, we may be held primarily or jointly and severally liable for costs relating to the investigation and clean-up of any property from which there has been a release or threatened release of a regulated material as well as other affected properties, regardless of whether we knew of or caused the release, and to preserve claims for damages. Further, some environmental laws create a lien on a contaminated site in favor of the government for damages and the costs the government incurs in connection with such contamination. Although under the Lease Agreements the tenants are required to indemnify us for certain environmental liabilities, including environmental liabilities it causes, the amount of such liabilities could exceed the financial ability of the applicable tenants to indemnify us. In addition, the presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may adversely affect our ability to sell or lease our properties or to borrow using our properties as collateral. We may be required to contribute insurance proceeds with respect to casualty events at our properties to the lenders under our debt financing agreements. In the event that we were to receive insurance proceeds with respect to a casualty event at any of our properties, we may be required under the terms of our debt financing agreements to contribute all or a portion of those proceeds to the repayment of such debt, which may prevent us from restoring such properties to their prior state. If the remainder of the proceeds (after any such required repayment) were insufficient to make the repairs necessary to restore the damaged properties to a condition substantially equivalent to its state immediately prior to the casualty, we may not have sufficient liquidity to otherwise fund these repairs and may be required to obtain additional 34 financing, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. If we fail to establish and maintain an effective system of integrated internal controls, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately, which could have a material adverse effect on us. As a reporting company, we are required to develop and implement substantial control systems, policies and procedures in order to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT and satisfy our periodic SEC reporting requirements. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully develop and implement these systems, policies and procedures and to operate our company or that any such development and implementation will be effective. Failure to do so could jeopardize our status as a REIT or as a reporting company, and the loss of such statuses would materially and adversely affect us. If we fail to develop, implement or maintain proper overall business controls, including as required to support our growth, our operating and financial results could be harmed, or we could fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, the existence of a material weakness or significant deficiency could result in errors in our financial statements that could require a restatement, cause us to fail to meet our SEC reporting obligations and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a material adverse effect on us and on the market price of our common stock. We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber-attacks, cyber-intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT) networks and related systems. We face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusions over the internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons inside our organization or persons with access to systems inside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attack or cyber-intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems; result in misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants and/or missed reporting deadlines; result in our inability to monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations regarding our qualification as a REIT; result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, which others could use to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result; subject us to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or termination of certain agreements; or damage our reputation among our tenants and investors generally. Any or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and ability to make distributions with respect to, and the market price of, our common stock. Climate change may adversely affect our business. Climate change, including rising sea levels, extreme weather and changes in precipitation and temperature, may result in physical damage to, a decrease in demand for and/or a decrease in rent from and value of our properties located in the areas affected by these conditions. We own a number of assets in low-lying areas close to sea level, making those assets susceptible to a rise in sea level. If sea levels were to rise, we may incur material costs to protect our low-lying assets (to the extent not covered by our tenants under the terms of our leases) or may sustain damage, a decrease in value or total loss of such assets. In addition, climate change may result in reduced economic activity in these areas, which could harm the operations of our tenants and reduce the demand at our properties, which could reduce the rent payable to us under our triple-net leases and make it difficult for us to renew or re- lease our properties on favorable lease terms. Furthermore, our insurance premiums may increase as a result of 35 the threat of climate change or the effects of climate change may not be covered by our insurance policies. In addition, changes in federal and state legislation and regulations on climate change could result in increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency of our existing properties or other related aspects of our properties in order to comply with such regulations or otherwise adapt to climate change. Any of the above could have a material and adverse effect on us. If our separation from CEOC, together with certain related transactions, does not qualify as a transaction that is generally tax-free for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, CEOC could be subject to significant tax liabilities and, in certain circumstances, we could be required to indemnify CEOC for material taxes pursuant to indemnification obligations under the Tax Matters Agreement. The IRS issued a private letter ruling with respect to certain issues relevant to our separation from CEOC, including relating to the separation and certain related transactions as tax-free for U.S. Federal income tax purposes under certain provisions of the Code. The IRS ruling does not address certain requirements for tax-free treatment of the separation. CEOC received from its tax advisors a tax opinion substantially to the effect that, with respect to such requirements on which the IRS did not rule, such requirements should be satisfied. The IRS ruling and the tax opinion that CEOC received, relied on (among other things) certain representations, assumptions and undertakings, including those relating to the past and future conduct of our business, and the IRS ruling, and the opinion would not be valid if such representations, assumptions and undertakings were incorrect in any material respect. Notwithstanding the IRS ruling and the tax opinion, the IRS could determine the separation should be treated as a taxable transaction for U.S. Federal income tax purposes if it determines any of the representations, assumptions or undertakings that were included in the request for the IRS ruling are false or have been violated or if it disagrees with the conclusions in the opinion that are not covered by the IRS ruling. If the reorganization fails to qualify for tax-free treatment, in general, CEOC would be subject to tax as if it had sold our assets to us in a taxable sale for their fair market value, and CEOC’s creditors who received shares of our common stock pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization would be subject to tax as if they had received a taxable distribution in respect of their claims equal to the fair market value of such shares. Under the Tax Matters Agreement that we entered into with Caesars, we generally are required to indemnify Caesars against any tax resulting from the separation to the extent that such tax resulted from certain of our representations or undertakings being incorrect or violated. Our indemnification obligations to Caesars are not limited by any maximum amount. As a result, if we are required to indemnify Caesars or such other persons under the circumstances set forth in the Tax Matters Agreement, we may be subject to substantial liabilities. We may not be able to engage in desirable strategic or capital-raising transactions following the spin-off. In addition, we could be liable for adverse tax consequences resulting from engaging in significant strategic or capital-raising transactions. To preserve the tax-free treatment to CEOC of the spin-off, for the two-year period following the spin-off, we may be prohibited, except in specific circumstances, from: (1) entering into any transaction pursuant to which all or a portion of our stock would be acquired, whether by merger or otherwise, (2) issuing equity securities beyond certain thresholds, (3) repurchasing our common stock, (4) ceasing to actively conduct the business of operating VICI Golf, or (5) taking or failing to take any other action that prevents the spin-off and related transactions from being tax-free. These restrictions may limit our ability to pursue strategic transactions or engage in new business or other transactions that may maximize the value of our business. Risks Related to our Status as a REIT We may not qualify or maintain our qualification as a REIT. We elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. Federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2017 and expect to operate in a manner that will allow us to continue to be classified as such. The 36 Code generally requires that a REIT distribute annually to its stockholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (with certain adjustments), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it distributes annually less than 100% of its REIT taxable income, including capital gains. In addition, a REIT is required to pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which the distributions it makes in a calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of its ordinary income, 95% of its capital gain net income and 100% of its undistributed income from prior years. As a result, in order to avoid current entity level U.S. Federal income taxes, a substantial portion of our cash flow after operating expenses and debt service will be required to be distributed to our stockholders. If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to U.S. Federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and dividends paid to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing our REIT taxable income. Any resulting corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders, which in turn could have an adverse impact on the market price of our common stock. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT. As a result, the amount available for distribution to holders of equity securities that would otherwise receive dividends would be reduced for the year or years involved. Furthermore, the U.S. Federal income tax consequences of distributions and sales of our shares to certain of our stockholders could be adversely impacted if we were to fail to qualify as a REIT. Finally, our qualification to be taxed as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we may not obtain independent appraisals. Any failure to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, or failure to remain to be qualified to be taxed as a REIT, would have a material and adverse effect on us. Qualification to be taxed as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provision of the Code, and violations of these provisions could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Our qualification as a REIT depends on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. In addition, our ability to satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT may depend in part on the actions of third parties over which we have no control or only limited influence, including in cases where we own an equity interest in an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. Federal income tax purposes. We may in the future choose to pay dividends in the form of our own common stock, in which case stockholders may be required to pay income taxes in excess of the cash dividends they receive. We may seek in the future to distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash or our common stock. Taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. Federal income tax purposes as to which non-corporate stockholders will generally be eligible for a deduction equal to 20% of such distributions. As a result, stockholders receiving dividends in the form of common stock may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received, if any. If a U.S. stockholder sells the common stock that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common stock at the time of the sale. In addition, in such case, a U.S. stockholder could have a capital loss with respect to the common stock sold that could not be used to offset such dividend income. Moreover, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. Federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common stock. Furthermore, such a taxable share dividend could be viewed as equivalent to a reduction in our cash distributions, and that factor, as well as the possibility that a 37 significant number of our stockholders determine to sell our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, may put downward pressure on the market price of our common stock. Changes to the U.S. Federal income tax laws, including the recent enactment of certain tax reform measures, could have a material and adverse effect on us. U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs and other corporations and the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended at any time, potentially with retroactive effect. We cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be issued. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of potential changes to the U.S. Federal tax laws on an investment in our common stock. Recently enacted changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws could have a material and adverse effect on us. For example, certain changes in law pursuant to the law known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act could reduce the relative competitive advantage of operating as a REIT as compared with operating as a C corporation, including by: • • • reducing the rate of tax applicable to individuals and C corporations, which could reduce the relative attractiveness of the generally single level of taxation on REIT distributions; permitting immediate expensing of capital expenditures, which could likewise reduce the relative attractiveness of the REIT taxation regime; and limiting the deductibility of interest expense, which could increase the distribution requirement of REITs (though such limitations generally should not affect REITs). We could fail to qualify to be taxed as a REIT if income we receive from our tenants is not treated as qualifying income. Under applicable provisions of the Code, we will not be treated as a REIT unless we satisfy various requirements, including requirements relating to the sources of our gross income. Rents received or accrued by us from our tenants will not be treated as qualifying rent for purposes of these requirements if the leases are not respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes and instead are treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. If some or all of our leases are not respected as true leases for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, we may fail to qualify to be taxed as a REIT. Furthermore, our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we may not obtain independent appraisals. In addition, subject to certain exceptions, rents received or accrued by us from any tenant (or affiliated tenants) will not be treated as qualifying rent for purposes of these requirements if we or an actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of our stock actually or constructively owns 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of such tenant’s stock entitled to vote or 10% or more of the total value of all classes of such tenant’s stock. Our charter provides restrictions on ownership and transfer of our shares of stock, including restrictions on such ownership or transfer that would cause the rents received or accrued by us from tenants to be treated as non- qualifying rent for purposes of the REIT gross income requirements. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that such restrictions will be effective in ensuring that rents received or accrued by us from tenants will not be treated as qualifying rent for purposes of REIT qualification requirements. REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan. We generally must distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (with certain adjustments), determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, in order for us to qualify as a REIT so that U.S. Federal corporate income tax does not apply to earnings that we distribute. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify for taxation as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and 38 including any net capital gains, we will be subject to U.S. Federal corporate income tax on any undistributed portion of such taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. Federal tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code and to avoid or otherwise minimize paying entity level Federal or excise tax (other than at any TRS of ours). We may generate taxable income greater than our income for financial reporting purposes prepared in accordance with GAAP. Further, we may generate taxable income greater than our cash flow from operations after operating expenses and debt service as a result of differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash or the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. In order to avoid or otherwise minimize current entity level U.S. Federal income taxes, we will generally be required to distribute sufficient cash flow after operating expenses and debt service payments to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements. While we intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code, we may not have sufficient liquidity to meet the REIT distribution requirements. If our cash flow is insufficient to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements, we could be required to raise capital on unfavorable terms, sell assets at disadvantageous prices, distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions or issue dividends in the form of shares of our common stock to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our REIT taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or change the value of our equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. Federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income and state or local income, property and transfer taxes. For example, in order to meet the REIT qualification requirements, we currently hold and expect in the future to hold some of our assets and conduct certain of our activities through one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries or other subsidiary corporations that will be subject to Federal, state, and local corporate-level income taxes as regular C corporations (i.e., corporations generally subject to corporate-level income tax under Subchapter C of Chapter 1 the Code). In addition, we may incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a taxable REIT subsidiary if they are not conducted on an arm’s length basis. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for distribution to our stockholders. Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive opportunities and limit our expansion opportunities. To qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, our sources of income, the nature of our investments in real estate and related assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may also be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. As a REIT, we must ensure that, at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and “real estate assets” (as defined in the Code), including certain mortgage loans and securities. The remainder of our investments (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a taxable REIT subsidiary) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our total assets (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a taxable REIT subsidiary) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. In addition, not more than 25% of our total assets may be represented by debt instruments issued by publicly offered REITs that are “nonqualified” debt instruments. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate from our portfolio, or contribute 39 to a TRS, or forgo otherwise attractive investments in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders. In addition to the asset tests set forth above, to qualify as a REIT we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may be unable to pursue investments that would be otherwise advantageous to us in order to satisfy the source- of-income or asset-diversification requirements for qualifying as a REIT. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to make certain attractive investments. We may be subject to built-in gains tax on the disposition of certain of our properties. If we acquire certain properties in tax-deferred transactions, which properties were held by one or more C corporations before they were held by us, we may be subject to a built-in gain tax on future disposition of such properties. This is the case with respect to all or substantially all of the properties acquired from CEOC pursuant to the formation transactions as well as certain other properties we have acquired and may acquire in the future. If we dispose of any such properties during the five-year period following acquisition of the properties from the respective C corporation (i.e., during the five-year period following ownership of such properties by a REIT), we will be subject to U.S. Federal income tax (and applicable state and local taxes) at the highest corporate tax rates on any gain recognized from the disposition of such properties to the extent of the excess of the fair market value of the properties on the date that they were contributed to or acquired by us in a tax-deferred transaction over the adjusted tax basis of such properties on such date, which are referred to as built-in gains. Similarly, if we recognize certain other income considered to be built-in income during the five-year period following the property acquisitions described above, we could be subject to U.S. Federal tax under the built-in gains tax rules. We would be subject to this corporate-level tax liability (without the benefit of the deduction for dividends paid) even if we qualify and maintain our status as a REIT. Any recognized built-in gain will retain its character as ordinary income or capital gain and will be taken into account in determining REIT taxable income and the REIT distribution requirements. Any tax on the recognized built-in gain will reduce REIT taxable income. We may choose to forego otherwise attractive opportunities to sell assets in a taxable transaction during the five-year built-in gain recognition period in order to avoid this built-in gain tax. However, there can be no assurance that such a taxable transaction will not occur. The amount of any such built-in gain tax could be material and the resulting tax liability could have a negative effect on our cash flow and limit our ability to pay distributions required to qualify and maintain our status as a REIT. Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities. The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our assets and liabilities. Income from certain hedging transactions that we may enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets or from transactions to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that satisfy the REIT gross income tests (including gain from the termination of such a transaction) does not constitute “gross income” for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests that apply to REITs, provided that certain identification requirements are met. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions or fail to properly identify such transaction as a hedge, the income is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may be required to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a taxable REIT subsidiary. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because the taxable REIT subsidiary may be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates that we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in the taxable REIT subsidiary will generally not provide any tax benefit, except that such losses could theoretically be carried back or forward against past or future taxable income of the taxable REIT subsidiary. We may pay a purging distribution, if any, in common stock and cash. In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute any “earnings and profits,” as defined in the Code, accumulated by us during any period for which we did not qualify as a REIT or by any entity whose accumulated earnings and 40 profits we acquire during any period for which such entity did not qualify as a REIT. Such distribution requirement applied to any earnings and profits that were allocated from CEOC to us in connection with the formation transactions by the end of the first taxable year in which we elected REIT status. Based on our analysis, we do not believe that any earnings and profits were allocated to us in connection with the formation transactions or any other transaction to which we are party and therefore did not make a purging distribution and do not currently intend to make any purging distribution, with respect to transactions to which we are a party. If we are required to make a purging distribution in the future, we may pay the purging distribution to our stockholders in a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. Each of our stockholders will be permitted to elect to receive the stockholder’s entire entitlement under the purging distribution in either cash or shares of our common stock, subject to a cash limitation. If our stockholders elect to receive a portion of cash in excess of the cash limitation, each such electing stockholder will receive a pro rata portion of cash corresponding to the stockholder’s respective entitlement under the purging distribution declaration. The IRS has issued a revenue procedure that provides that, so long as a REIT complied with certain provisions therein, certain distributions that are paid partly in cash and partly in stock will be treated as taxable dividends that would satisfy the REIT distribution requirements and qualify for the dividends paid deduction for U.S. Federal income tax purposes. In a purging distribution, if any, a stockholder of our common stock will be required to report dividend income equal to the amount of cash and common stock received as a result of the purging distribution even though we may distribute no cash or only nominal amounts of cash to such stockholder. The cash available for distribution to stockholders may not be sufficient to pay dividends at expected levels, nor can we assure you of our ability to make distributions in the future. We may use borrowed funds to make distributions If cash available for distribution is less than the amount necessary to make cash distributions, our inability to make the expected distributions could result in a decrease in the market price of our common stock. All distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various factors, including, but not limited to: our historical and projected financial condition, cash flows, results of operations and REIT taxable income, limitations contained in financing instruments, debt service requirements, operating cash inflows and outflows, including capital expenditures and acquisitions, limitations on our ability to use cash generated in one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries, if any, to fund distributions and applicable law. We may not be able to make distributions in the future. In addition, some of our distributions may include a return of capital. To the extent that we decide to make distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits in the future, such distributions would generally be considered a return of capital for Federal income tax purposes to the extent of the holder’s adjusted tax basis in their shares. A return of capital is not taxable, but it has the effect of reducing the holder’s adjusted tax basis in our common stock. To the extent that such distributions exceed the adjusted tax basis of a holder’s shares, they will be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of such stock. If we borrow to fund distributions, our future interest costs would increase, thereby reducing our earnings and cash available for distribution from what they otherwise would have been. For purposes of satisfying the minimum distribution requirement to qualify for and maintain REIT status, our REIT taxable income will be calculated without reference to our cash flow. Consequently, under certain circumstances, we may not have available cash to make our required distributions, and we may need to raise additional equity or debt in order to fund our intended distributions, or we may distribute a portion of our distributions in the form of our common stock or debt instruments, which could result in significant stockholder dilution or higher leverage. While the IRS has issued a revenue procedure indicating that certain distributions that are made partly in cash and partly in stock will be treated as taxable dividends that would satisfy that REIT annual distribution requirement and qualify for the dividends paid deduction for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, no assurance can be provided that we will be able to satisfy the requirements of the revenue procedure. Therefore, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to make taxable dividends payable in-kind. In addition, to the extent we were to make distributions that include our common stock or debt instruments, a stockholder of ours will be required to report dividend income as a result of such distributions even though we distributed no cash or only nominal amounts of cash to such stockholder. 41 Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure VICI is a holding company with no direct operations and relies on distributions received from the Operating Partnership to make distributions to its stockholders. VICI is a holding company and conducts its operations through subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership and VICI Golf. VICI does not have, apart from the units that it owns in the Operating Partnership and VICI Golf, any independent operations. As a result, VICI relies on distributions from its Operating Partnership to make any distributions to its stockholders it might declare on its common stock and to meet any of its obligations, including any tax liability on taxable income allocated to it from the Operating Partnership (which might not be able to make distributions to VICI equal to the tax on such allocated taxable income). In turn, the ability of subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership to make distributions to the Operating Partnership, and therefore, the ability of the Operating Partnership to make distributions to VICI, depends on the operating results of these subsidiaries and the Operating Partnership and on the terms of any financing arrangements they have entered into. In addition, because VICI is a holding company, claims of common stockholders of VICI are structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and other obligations (whether or not for borrowed money) and any preferred equity of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, VICI’s assets and those of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries will be available to satisfy the claims of VICI common stockholders only after all of VICI’s, the Operating Partnership’s and its subsidiaries’ liabilities and other obligations and any preferred equity of any of them have been paid in full. The Operating Partnership may, in connection with its acquisition of additional properties or otherwise, issue additional common units or preferred units to third parties. Such issuances would reduce VICI’s ownership in the Operating Partnership. Because stockholders of VICI do not directly own common units or preferred units of the Operating Partnership, they do not have any voting rights with respect to any such issuances or other partnership level activities of the Operating Partnership. Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited. The Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”) provides that a director has no liability in any action based on an act of the director if he or she has acted in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the corporation’s best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. As permitted by the MGCL, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to our company and our stockholders for money damages, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Under Maryland law, our present directors and officers will not have any liability to us or our stockholders for money damages other than liability resulting from: • • actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or a final judgment based upon a finding that his or her action or failure to act was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer and was material to the cause of action adjudicated. Our charter provides that we have the power to obligate ourselves, and our amended and restated bylaws obligate us, to indemnify our directors and officers for actions taken by them in those capacities and to pay or reimburse their reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide for indemnification and advance expenses to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist under common law. Our board of directors may change our major corporate policies without stockholder approval and those changes may materially and adversely affect us. Our board of directors will determine and may eliminate or otherwise change our major corporate policies, including our acquisition, investment, financing, growth, operations and distribution policies. While our stockholders have 42 the power to elect or remove directors, changes in our major corporate policies may be made by our board of directors without stockholder approval and those changes could adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and to satisfy our debt service requirements. The ability of our board of directors to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT qualification, with stockholder approval, may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders. Our charter provides that our board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, only with the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter, if the board determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we would become subject to Federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on the total return to our stockholders. Our charter and bylaws contain provisions that may delay, defer or prevent an acquisition of our common stock or a change in control. Our charter and bylaws contain provisions, the exercise or existence of which could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our stockholders or otherwise be in their best interests, including the following: • Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our stock. In order for us to qualify as a REIT, no more than 50% of the value of outstanding shares of our stock may be owned, beneficially or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (or certain other persons) at any time during the last half of each taxable year (“closely held”). Subject to certain exceptions, our charter prohibits any stockholder from owning beneficially or constructively, with respect to any class or series of our capital stock, more than 9.8% (in value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of such class or series of our capital stock. The constructive ownership rules under the Code are complex and may cause the outstanding stock owned by a group of related individuals or entities to be deemed to be constructively owned by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of 9.8% or less of the outstanding shares of a class or series of our stock by an individual or entity could cause that individual or entity or another individual or entity to own constructively in excess of the relevant ownership limits. Among other restrictions on ownership and transfer of shares, our charter also prohibits any person from owning shares of our stock that would result in our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. Any attempt to own or transfer shares of our common stock or of any of our other capital stock in violation of these restrictions may result in the shares being automatically transferred to a charitable trust or may be void. Our charter provides that our board may grant exceptions to the 9.8% ownership limit, subject in each case to certain initial and ongoing conditions designed to protect our status as a REIT. These ownership limits may prevent a third-party from acquiring control of us if our board of directors does not grant an exemption from the ownership limits, even if our stockholders believe the change in control is in their best interests. An exemption from the 9.8% ownership limit was granted to certain stockholders, and our board may in the future provide exceptions to the ownership limit for other stockholders, subject to certain initial and ongoing conditions designed to protect our status as a REIT. • Our board of directors has the power to cause us to issue and authorize additional shares of our capital stock without stockholder approval. 43 Our charter authorizes us to issue authorized but unissued shares of common or preferred stock in addition to the shares of common stock issued and outstanding. In addition, our board of directors may, without stockholder approval, amend our charter to increase the aggregate number of our shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue and classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common or preferred stock and set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our board of directors may establish a class or series of shares of common or preferred stock that could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our shares of common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders. Certain provisions of Maryland law may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of us. Certain provisions of the MGCL may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from acquiring us or of impeding a change of control under circumstances that otherwise could provide our common stockholders with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then prevailing market price of such shares, including: • • “business combination” provisions that, subject to limitations, (a) prohibit certain business combinations between an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding shares of voting stock or an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding shares of our common stock) or an affiliate of any interested stockholder and us for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, and (b) thereafter impose two super-majority stockholder voting requirements on these combinations; and “control share” provisions that provide that holders of “control shares” of our company (defined as voting shares of stock that, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned or controlled by the acquirer (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of “control shares”) have no voting rights with respect to “control shares” except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two- thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all votes entitled to be cast by the acquirer of control shares, and by any of our officers and employees who are also our directors. Our charter provides that, notwithstanding any other provision of our charter or our bylaws, the Maryland Business Combination Act (Title 3, Subtitle 6 of the MGCL) does not apply to any business combination between us and any interested stockholder or any affiliate of any interested stockholder of ours and that we expressly elect not to be governed by the provisions of Section 3-602 of the MGCL in whole or in part. Any amendment to such provision of our charter must be approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Pursuant to the MGCL, our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our stock. This provision of our bylaws may not be altered, amended or repealed except by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. There can be no assurance that this exemption contained in our bylaws will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future. Additionally, provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL permit a Maryland corporation such as the Company, by action of its board of directors and without stockholder approval and regardless of what is provided in the charter or bylaws, to elect to avail itself of certain takeover defenses, such as a classified board, unless the charter or a resolution adopted by the board of directors prohibits such election. Our charter provides that we are prohibited from making any such election unless first approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter. 44 Conflicts of interest could arise between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of Operating Partnership units which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders. Conflicts of interest could arise as a result of the relationships between us, on the one hand, and our Operating Partnership or any limited partner thereof, if any, on the other. Our directors and officers have duties to us under applicable Maryland law. At the same time, we, as general partner of our Operating Partnership, have fiduciary duties and obligations to our Operating Partnership and its limited partners under Delaware law and the partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership in connection with the management of our Operating Partnership. Our duties as general partner to our Operating Partnership and its limited partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to VICI. These conflicts may be resolved in a manner that is not in the best interests of our stockholders. Risks Related to Our Common Stock The market price and trading volume of shares of our common stock may be volatile. The market price of our common stock may be volatile. In addition, the stock markets generally may experience significant volatility, often unrelated to the operating performance of the individual companies whose securities are publicly traded. The trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. We cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future. If the market price of our common stock declines, you may be unable to sell your shares. Some of the factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could negatively affect the market price of our common stock or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our common stock include: • • • • • • actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly results of operations or distributions; changes in our earnings, Funds From Operations (“FFO”) or Adjusted Funds From Operations (“AFFO ”) estimates; publication of research reports about us, our tenants or the real estate or gaming industries; adverse developments involving our tenants; changes in market interest rates that may cause purchasers of our shares to demand a different yield; changes in market valuations of similar companies; • market reaction to any additional capital we raise in the future, including availability and attractiveness of long-term debt financing in connection with the acquisition of Greektown; • • • • • • • • • • our failure to achieve the anticipated benefits of our recently completed or pending acquisitions within the timeframe or to the extent anticipated by financial or industry analysts; additions or departures of key personnel; reaction to any other of our public announcements; sales or potential sales of our common stock by us or our significant stockholders; other actions by institutional stockholders; strategic actions taken by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions; speculation in the press or investment community about us, our tenants, our industry or the economy in general; new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business and operations or the gaming industry; changes in tax or accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles; the occurrence of any of the other risk factors presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or our other SEC filings; and 45 • adverse conditions in the financial markets or general U.S. or international economic conditions, including those resulting from war, acts of terrorism and responses to such events. An increase in market interest rates could cause potential investors to seek higher returns and therefore reduce demand for our common stock and result in a decline in our share price. One of the factors that may influence the market price of shares of our common stock is the yield of our shares (i.e., the annualized distributions per share of our common stock as a percentage of the market price per share of our common stock) relative to market interest rates. An increase in market interest rates, which are currently at low levels relative to historical rates, may lead prospective purchasers of our common stock to expect a higher yield which may result in a decline in the market price of our common stock. Higher interest rates would likely increase our borrowing costs and potentially decrease our cash available for distribution. Thus, higher market interest rates could also cause the market price of shares of our common stock to decline. Future incurrences of debt, which would be senior to our shares of common stock upon liquidation, and/or issuance of preferred equity securities, which may be senior to our shares of common stock for purposes of distributions or upon liquidation, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by incurring additional debt, including medium- term notes, trust preferred securities and senior or subordinated notes, or issuing preferred shares. If a liquidation event were to occur, holders of our debt securities and preferred shares and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive distributions of our available assets prior to the holders of our shares of common stock. In addition, our preferred stock, if issued, would likely limit our ability to make liquidating or other distributions to the holders of shares of our common stock under certain circumstances. Any future common stock offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both. Holders of shares of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Since our decision to issue debt securities, incur other forms of indebtedness or to issue additional common stock or preferred stock in the future will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, nature or success of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our issuing senior securities, incurring other senior obligations or issuing additional common stock in the future, which may reduce the market price of shares of our common stock, reduce cash available for distribution to common stockholders or dilute their stockholdings in us. The number of shares available for future sale could adversely affect the market price of shares of our common stock. We cannot predict whether future issuances of our shares or the availability of shares of our common stock for resale in the open market will decrease the market price per share of shares of our common stock. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect the market price of shares of our common stock. If any of our stockholders cause, or there is a perception that they may cause, a large number of their shares to be sold in the public market, the sales could reduce the market price of shares of our common stock and could impede our ability to raise future capital. Our earnings and cash distributions could affect the market price of shares of our common stock. Our common stock may trade at prices that are higher or lower than the net asset value per share. To the extent that we retain operating cash flow for investment purposes, working capital reserves or other purposes rather than distributing the cash flows to stockholders, these retained funds, while increasing the value of our underlying assets, may negatively impact the market price of shares of our common stock. Our failure to meet market expectations with regard to future earnings and cash distributions could adversely affect the market price of shares of our common stock. 46 ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. ITEM 2. Properties Our geographically diverse portfolio consists of 22 market-leading properties that are leased to Caesars and Penn National, including Caesars Palace Las Vegas and Harrah’s Las Vegas, two of the most iconic entertainment facilities on the Las Vegas Strip, approximately 34 acres of undeveloped or underdeveloped land on and adjacent to the Las Vegas Strip that is leased to Caesars and four championship golf courses located near certain of our properties, two of which are in close proximity to the Las Vegas Strip. Our properties secure our long-term debt. See Note 9 — Debt to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. See Item 1 “Business-Our Properties” for further information pertaining to our properties. ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings In the ordinary course of business, from time to time, we may be subject to legal claims and administrative proceedings. As of December 31, 2018, we are not subject to any litigation that we believe could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, liquidity or cash flows. ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 47 PART II ITEM 5. Market for the Company’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information On February 1, 2018, in connection with our initial registered public offering, our common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “VICI.” Holders As of February 11, 2019, there were 404,726,821 shares of common stock issued and outstanding that were held by approximately 47 stockholders of record, not including beneficial owners of shares registered in nominee or street name. Distribution Policy We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of shares of our common stock. We cannot assure you that our estimated distributions will be made or sustained or that our board of directors will not change our distribution policy in the future. Any distributions will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors, and their form, timing and amount, if any, will depend upon a number of factors, including our actual and projected results of operations, FFO, liquidity, cash flows and financial condition, the revenue we actually receive from our properties, our operating expenses, our debt service requirements, our capital expenditures, prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements, our REIT taxable income, the annual REIT distribution requirements, applicable law and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. For more information regarding risk factors that could materially and adversely affect us and our ability to make cash distributions, see Item 1A “Risk Factors.” If our operations do not generate sufficient cash flow to enable us to pay our intended or required distributions, we may be required either to fund distributions from working capital, borrow or raise equity or to reduce such distributions. In addition, our charter allows us to issue preferred stock that could have a preference on distributions and could limit our ability to make distributions to our common stockholders. Additionally, under certain circumstances, agreements relating to our indebtedness could limit our ability to make distributions to our common stockholders. Federal income tax law requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (with certain adjustments), determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and including any net capital gains. In addition, a REIT will be required to pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which the distributions it makes in a calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of its ordinary income, 95% of its capital gain net income and 100% of its undistributed income from prior years. We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code and to avoid or otherwise minimize paying entity level Federal or excise tax (other than at any TRS of ours). We may generate taxable income greater than our income for financial reporting purposes prepared in accordance with GAAP. In particular, during the first several years of the leases, under the terms of the Formation Lease Agreements, rental income will be allocated for tax purposes generally in an amount greater than cash rents. Further, we may generate REIT taxable income greater than our cash flow from operations after operating expenses and debt service as a result of differences in timing between the recognition of REIT taxable income and the actual receipt of cash or the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. 48 Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities We did not sell any unregistered equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2018. Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2018. Registered Offering of Securities - Use of Proceeds On January 31, 2018, our Registration Statement on Form S-11, as amended (Commission File No. 333-221997) and our Registration Statement on Form S-11MEF (Commission File No. 333-222806) were declared effective by the SEC, pursuant to which we sold a total of 69,575,000 shares of our common stock at a price per share of $20.00, for an aggregate offering price of $1.3915 billion (the “Offering”) before fees, expenses and commissions. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated acted as principal representatives of the underwriters in the Offering. The Offering was completed on February 5, 2018, after sales of all 69,575,000 shares of common stock (inclusive of the full exercise by the underwriters of their overallotment option to purchase 9,075,000 additional shares of common stock). There was no material change in the planned use of proceeds from the Offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act on February 2, 2018, except that we deployed the remaining proceeds as follows: (i) on July 11, 2018, we utilized $507.5 million of the offering proceeds to purchase Octavius Tower; (ii) on December 26, 2018 we utilized $82.5 million of the offering proceeds to purchase Harrah’s Philadelphia; and (iii) on January 2, 2019 we utilized $261.1 million of the offering proceeds to purchase Margaritaville Resort Casino. Stock Performance Graph The graph below matches VICI Properties’ cumulative total stockholder return for the period from October 18, 2017 to December 31, 2018 on common stock with the cumulative total returns of the S&P 500 index and the FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends as required by the SEC) from October 18, 2017 the first date on which our shares of common stock were publicly traded, until December 31, 2018. The return shown on the graph is not necessarily indicative of future performance. The following performance graph shall not be deemed to be "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, nor shall this information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into a filing. 49 Company / Index 10/18/2017 12/31/17 3/31/18 6/30/18 9/30/18 12/31/18 VICI Properties Inc MSCI US REIT Index S&P 500 $ $ $ 100.0 100.0 100.0 $ $ $ 110.8 98.8 104.4 $ $ $ 99.0 89.9 103.1 $ $ $ 111.6 97.8 106.1 $ $ $ 116.9 97.9 113.8 $ $ $ 101.5 90.3 97.9 50 ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data The following selected financial data is derived from our Financial Statements. It should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. (In thousands, except share and per share data) Statement of Operations: Revenues Total operating expenses Operating income Interest expense Loss from extinguishment of debt Income before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net income Net income attributable to common stockholders Per share data: Net income per common share - Basic Net income per common share - Diluted Cash dividends declared Other Data: Net cash provided by operating activities Net cash used in investing activities Net cash provided by financing activities Financial Position Data: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Short-term investments Total assets Debt, net Non-controlling interests Stockholders’ equity _____________________________ Year Ended December 31, 2018 Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017* $ 897,977 $ 140,023 757,954 (212,663) (23,040) 533,558 (1,441) 532,117 523,619 1.43 1.43 0.9975 504,082 (1,140,877) 1,037,836 $ $ $ $ As of December 31, 2018 2017 577,883 $ 20,564 520,877 11,333,368 4,122,264 83,573 6,901,022 $ $ $ $ $ 187,609 43,413 144,196 (63,354) (38,488) 42,636 1,901 44,537 42,662 0.19 0.19 — 129,440 (1,136,251) 1,148,446 183,646 13,760 — 9,739,712 4,785,756 84,875 4,776,364 *Represents the period from October 6, 2017, the date of the Company’s Formation, through December 31, 2017 51 The following table sets forth the selected historical combined financial data of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor as our predecessor, the operations of which were contributed to VICI Golf on the Formation Date. These operations are comprised of: (i) the Rio Secco golf course in Henderson, Nevada; (ii) the Cascata golf course in Boulder City, Nevada; (iii) the Grand Bear golf course in Saucier, Mississippi; and (iv) the Chariot Run golf course in Laconia, Indiana. The following selected financial is derived from the historical combined financial statements of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor, our predecessor. It should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. (In thousand) Statement of Operations: Net revenues Total operating expenses Income from operations Interest expense Income before taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net (loss) income Period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ 14,136 $ 18,785 $ 18,077 $ 14,136 — — — (2) (2) 18,778 7 (7) — — — 18,059 18 (18) — 3 3 18,908 18,869 39 (39) — 4 4 Financial Position Data: Cash Total assets Long-term debt Liabilities subject to compromise Equity As of October 5, 2017 111 $ 89,253 — 249 83,141 As of December 31, 2016 2015 $ 920 $ 90,475 — 265 351 92,034 14 267 84,143 85,375 52 ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the audited consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto of VICI Properties Inc., the combined Financial Statements and notes thereto of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including information with respect to our business and growth strategies, statements regarding the industry outlook and our expectations regarding the future performance of our business contained herein are forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” You should also review the “Risk Factors” section in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by such forward-looking statements. OVERVIEW We are a Maryland corporation that was created to hold certain real estate assets owned by Caesars Entertainment Operating Company (“CEOC”), upon CEOC’s emergence from bankruptcy. Pursuant to CEOC’s Plan of Reorganization, on October 6, 2017 (the “Formation Date”), the historical business of CEOC was separated by means of a spin-off transaction whereby the real property assets (“Formation Properties”) of CEOC and certain of its subsidiaries, including four golf course businesses, were transferred through a series of transactions to us. Following the Formation Date, we are a stand-alone entity that was initially owned by certain former creditors of CEOC. We are primarily engaged in the business of owning and acquiring gaming, hospitality and entertainment destinations. We lease our properties to subsidiaries of Caesars and Penn National. We conduct our real property business through an operating partnership and our golf course business through a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”), VICI Golf LLC. The financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are our consolidated results (including the real property business and the golf course business) for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the period from October 6, 2017 (Formation Date) to December 31, 2017. Other financial information included, beginning on page F-41 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, are the historical combined Financial Statements of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor, the golf course business owned by CEOC until Formation Date. The financial information included for Caesars Entertainment Outdoor includes the period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017. Summary of Significant 2018 Activities • On February 5, 2018, we completed an initial public offering of 69,575,000 shares of common stock at an offering price of $20.00 per share for an aggregate offering value of $1.4 billion, resulting in net proceeds of $1.3 billion after commissions and expenses. • On April 24, 2018, we entered into four interest rate swap agreements with third party financial institutions having an aggregate notional amount of $1.5 billion. The interest rate swap transactions are designated as cash flow hedges that effectively fix the LIBOR component of the interest rate on a portion of the outstanding debt under the Term Loan B Facility at 2.8297%. • On June 18, 2018, we entered into definitive agreements to (i) acquire the land and real estate assets of the Margaritaville Resort Casino, located in Bossier City, Louisiana for $261.1 million and (ii) concurrently with the closing of the transaction, entered into a triple-net lease on the property with a subsidiary of Penn National. The lease has an initial annual rent of $23.2 million and an initial term of 15 years, with four five-year renewal options. The tenant’s obligations under the lease will be guaranteed by Penn National and certain of its subsidiaries. We completed the transaction on January 2, 2019. 53 • On July 11, 2018, we completed the transaction with Caesars to acquire, and lease back, all of the land and real estate assets associated with the Octavius Tower at Caesars Palace (“Octavius Tower”) for a purchase price of $507.5 million in cash. Octavius Tower provides for annual rent of $35.0 million payable in equal consecutive monthly installments. • On September 17, 2018 we announced an increase in our targeted annualized dividend to $1.15 per share of common stock, which represents a 9.5% increase from our previous annualized dividend rate of $1.05 per share. • On November 13, 2018, we entered into definitive agreements to acquire from affiliates of JACK Entertainment LLC all of the land and real estate assets associated with the Greektown, located in Detroit, Michigan, for $700.0 million in cash, and an affiliate of Penn National Gaming, Inc. has agreed to acquire the operating assets of Greektown for $300.0 million in cash. Simultaneous with the closing of the acquisition, the Company will enter into a triple-net lease agreement for Greektown with a subsidiary of Penn National. The lease will have an initial total annual rent of $55.6 million and an initial term of 15 years, with four five-year tenant renewal options. The tenant’s obligations under the lease will be guaranteed by Penn National and certain of its subsidiaries. The transaction is expected to close in mid-2019 and is subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions. We can provide no assurances that the acquisition of Greektown will be consummated on the terms or timeframe described herein, or at all. • On November 19, 2018, we completed a primary follow-on offering of 34,500,000 shares of common stock (including 4,500,000 shares of common stock sold pursuant to the exercise in full of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of common stock) at an offering price of $21.00 per share for an aggregate offering value of $724.5 million, resulting in net proceeds of $694.2 million. We intend to contribute the net proceeds from the offering to pay a portion of the aggregate $700.0 million purchase price for the recently announced acquisition of the land and real estate assets of Greektown related fees and expenses. • On December 19, 2018, we entered into an equity distribution agreement, or ATM Agreement, pursuant to which we may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate sales price of $750.0 million of our common stock pursuant to “at the market” offerings. • On December 26, 2018 we completed the previously announced transaction with Caesars to acquire all of the land and real estate assets associated with Harrah’s Philadelphia Casino and Racetrack (“Harrah’s Philadelphia”) from Caesars for $241.5 million, which purchase price was reduced by $159.0 million to reflect the aggregate net present value of the contemplated modifications to the Caesars Lease Agreements, resulting in cash consideration of approximately $82.5 million. In connection with the closing, the Non- CPLV Lease Agreement was amended to, among other things, include Harrah’s Philadelphia. The amendment to the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement provided for an additional $21.0 million in annual rent for Harrah’s Philadelphia, which is subject to the amended provisions of the lease. • On December 26, 2018, simultaneous with the completion of the acquisition of Harrah’s Philadelphia, we modified certain of the terms in the Caesars Lease Agreements. Such modifications, which are summarized in Item 1 of this 10-K, provide for better alignment of our strategic interests with that of our tenant, Caesars. 54 KEY TRENDS THAT MAY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS Subsidiaries of Caesars and Penn National are the lessees of all of our properties pursuant to the Lease Agreements, and Caesars, CRC or Penn National guarantees the obligations of the tenants under the Lease Agreements. The Lease Agreements account for substantially all of our revenues. Additionally, we expect to realize organic growth in rental revenue through annual rent escalators in our Lease Agreements. Accordingly, we are dependent on Caesars, Penn National, the gaming industry and the health of the economies in the areas where our properties are located for the foreseeable future, and an event that has a material adverse effect on Caesars’ or Penn Nationals’ business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations or prospects would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. See Item 1A “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Operations.” We actively seek to grow our portfolio through acquisitions of experiential real estate in geographically diverse dynamic markets spanning hospitality, entertainment, leisure and gaming properties. Additionally, we expect to grow our portfolio through acquisitions by pursuing opportunities to execute sale leaseback transactions with Caesars, pursuant to: (i) the Call Right Agreements, relating to three properties; (ii) rights of first refusal relating to certain domestic gaming facilities proposed to be acquired or developed by Caesars located outside the Gaming Enterprise District of Clark County, Nevada and the properties that Caesars acquired from Centaur Holdings, LLC in Indiana; and (iii) the Put/Call Agreement, which includes rights relating to the Caesars Forum Convention Center in Las Vegas. Finally, we believe the approximately 34 acres (after giving effect to the sale of approximately 18.4 acres to Caesars in December 2017) of undeveloped or underdeveloped land on and adjacent to the Las Vegas Strip that we own will provide attractive opportunities for potential future expansion and development. In pursuing external growth initiatives, we will generally seek to acquire properties that can generate stable rental revenue through long-term leases with tenants with established operating histories, and we will consider various factors when evaluating acquisitions, including the ability to continue to diversify our tenant base and increasing our geographic diversification. Our operating and financial performance in the future will be significantly influenced by the success of our acquisition strategy, and the timing and the availability and terms of financing of any acquisitions that we may complete. We can provide no assurance that we will exercise any of our contractual rights to purchase one or more properties from Caesars or otherwise be successful in acquiring any properties. Additionally, our ability to successfully implement our acquisition strategy will depend upon the availability and terms of financing, including debt and equity capital. Further, the pricing of any acquisitions we may consummate and the terms of any leases that we may enter into will significantly impact our future results. Competition to execute sale leaseback transactions with attractive properties and desirable tenants is intense, and we can provide no assurance that any future acquisitions or leases will be on terms as favorable to us as those relating to recent transactions. Should we exercise an option to purchase a property under a Call Right Agreement, the purchase price will be equal to ten times the property’s annual rent, which, in turn, will equal approximately 60% of the trailing property EBITDAR at the time of exercise. Accordingly, the purchase price and rent for any property we may acquire under a Call Right Agreement and lease to Caesars will depend upon the property’s trailing 12-month EBITDAR at the time of exercise. We anticipate that we would seek to finance these acquisitions with a combination of debt and equity, although no assurance can be given that we would be able to issue equity in such amounts on favorable terms, or at all, or that we would not determine to incur more debt on a relative basis at the relevant time due market conditions or otherwise. In addition to rent, our tenants are required to pay the following: (1) all facility maintenance; (2) all insurance required in connection with the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties; (3) taxes levied on or with respect to the leased properties (other than taxes on our income); and (4) all utilities and other services necessary or appropriate for the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties. Accordingly, due to the “triple-net” structure of our leases, we do not expect to incur significant property- level expenses. 55 DISCUSSION OF OPERATING RESULTS (In thousands) Revenues 2018 2017* Variance Income from direct financing leases $ 741,564 $ 150,171 $ 47,972 81,240 27,201 897,977 24,429 3,686 81,810 17,371 12,334 393 140,023 757,954 (212,663) 11,307 (23,040) 533,558 (1,441) 532,117 11,529 19,558 6,351 187,609 9,939 751 19,558 4,126 — 9,039 43,413 144,196 (63,354) 282 (38,488) 42,636 1,901 44,537 591,393 36,443 61,682 20,850 710,368 14,490 2,935 62,252 13,245 12,334 (8,646) 96,610 613,758 (149,309) 11,025 15,448 490,922 (3,342) 487,580 Income from operating leases Tenant reimbursement of property taxes Golf operations Revenues Operating expenses General and administrative Depreciation Property taxes Golf operations Loss on impairment Acquisition and transaction expenses Total operating expenses Operating income Interest expense Interest income Loss from extinguishment of debt Income before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net income Less: Net income attributable to non- controlling interests Net income attributable to common stockholders _____________________________ (8,498) (1,875) (6,623) $ 523,619 $ 42,662 $ 480,957 *Represents the period from October 6, 2017, the date of the Company’s Formation, through December 31, 2017 Revenue For the year ended December 31, 2018 and the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017, our revenue was $898.0 million and $187.6 million, respectively, and was comprised as follows: (In thousands) Real property business revenue Golf course business revenue Total revenue 2018 2017 Variance $ $ 870,776 27,201 897,977 $ $ 181,258 6,351 187,609 $ $ 689,518 20,850 710,368 56 Real Property Business Revenue Real property business revenue is generated from rent from our Lease Agreements and reimbursements of property taxes, and increased $689.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily driven by a full year of operations in 2018, compared to only three months of operations in 2017. Additionally, we added Octavius Tower and Harrah’s Philadelphia to our real estate portfolio in 2018. The following table details the components of our income from direct financing and operating leases: (In thousands) Income from direct financing leases Income from operating leases Total leasing revenue Less: Direct financing lease adjustment (1) Total contractual leasing revenue 2018 2017 741,564 $ 47,972 789,536 (45,404) 744,132 $ 150,171 11,529 161,700 (8,443) 153,257 $ $ ____________________ (1) Amounts represent the non-cash adjustment to income from direct financing leases in order to recognize income on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the term of the leases. Golf Course Business Revenue Revenues from golf operations increased $20.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily driven by a full year of operations in 2018, compared to only three months of operations in 2017. Revenues from golf operations was $14.1 million for the period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 and $18.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Revenues for the period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 comprised of golf revenues of $11.4 million, food and beverage revenues of $1.3 million and retail and other revenues of $1.4 million. Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016 were comprised of golf revenues of $14.6 million, food and beverage revenues of $2.1 million and other revenues of $2.1 million. Operating Expenses General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses increased $14.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The increase is primarily driven by a full year of operations in 2018, compared to only three months of operations in 2017, partially offset by certain non-recurring formation related expenses incurred in 2017. Property Taxes Property taxes paid or reimbursed by our tenants increased $62.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The increase is primarily driven by a full year of operations in 2018, compared to only three months of operations in 2017. Golf Course Business Expenses Expenses from golf operations increased $13.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. In addition, $3.7 million and $0.8 million of depreciation expense was incurred by the golf business during the year ended December 31, 2018 and the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The increases were primarily driven by a full year of operations in 2018, compared to only three months of operations in 2017. 57 Golf-related expenses totaled $14.1 million for the period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017. Golf-related expenses totaled $18.8 million and for the year ended December 31, 2016. Loss on Impairment During the year ended December 31, 2018 the Company recognized a $12.3 million loss on impairment related to certain vacant, non-operating land parcels transferred by CEOC to us on the Formation Date. All of the land parcels are located outside of Las Vegas and none of the land parcels are a component of the operations of our regional property portfolio. No such impairment occurred in the comparative period. Transaction and Acquisition Costs For the year ended December 31, 2018 transaction and acquisition costs totaled $0.4 million. For the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017, transaction and acquisition costs totaled $9.0 million and were comprised of expenses related to the acquisition of Harrah’s Las Vegas and the sale of the Eastside Property. Interest Expense Interest expense increased $149.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The increase is primarily driven by a full year of operations in 2018, compared to only three months of operations in 2017, offset by the pay down of amounts outstanding on our Revolving Credit Facility and the partial paydown of the Term Loan B Facility and Second Lien Notes in February of 2018. Interest Income Interest income increased $11.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The increase is primarily driven by a full year of operations in 2018, compared to only three months of operations in 2017 as well as increased cash on hand from our IPO on February 1, 2018 and primary follow-on equity offering on November 15, 2018. Loss on Extinguishment of Debt During the year ended December 31, 2018 we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of a $23.0 million resulting from the redemption of $268.4 million in aggregate principal of our Second Lien Notes in February 2018 at a redemption price of 108%. During the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $38.5 million resulting from the repurchase of $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of prior mezzanine debt of Caesars Palace Las Vegas. 58 RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES We present Funds From Operations (“FFO”), FFO per share, Adjusted Funds From Operations (“AFFO”), AFFO per share, and Adjusted EBITDA, which are not required by, or presented in accordance with, generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). These are non-GAAP financial measures and should not be construed as alternatives to net income or as an indicator of operating performance (as determined in accordance with GAAP). We believe FFO, FFO per share, AFFO, AFFO per share and Adjusted EBITDA provide a meaningful perspective of the underlying operating performance of our business. FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure that is considered a supplemental measure for the real estate industry and a supplement to GAAP measures. Consistent with the definition used by The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), we define FFO as net income (or loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP) excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property plus real estate depreciation. AFFO is a non-GAAP financial measure that we use as a supplemental operating measure to evaluate our performance. We calculate AFFO by adding or subtracting from FFO direct financing lease adjustments, transaction costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of real estate investments, non-cash stock-based compensation expense, amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount, other non-cash interest expense, non-real estate depreciation (which is comprised of the depreciation related to our golf course operations), capital expenditures (which are comprised of additions to property, plant and equipment related to our golf course operations), impairment charges and gains (or losses) on debt extinguishment. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA by adding or subtracting from AFFO interest expense, net and income tax expense. These non-GAAP financial measures: (i) do not represent cash flow from operations as defined by GAAP; (ii) should not be considered as an alternative to net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities; and (iii) are not alternatives to cash flow as a measure of liquidity. In addition, these measures should not be viewed as measures of liquidity, nor do they measure our ability to fund all of our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions to our stockholders, to fund capital improvements, or to make interest payments on our indebtedness. Investors are also cautioned that FFO, FFO per share, AFFO, AFFO per share and Adjusted EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other real estate companies, including REITs, due to the fact that not all real estate companies use the same definitions. Our presentation of these measures does not replace the presentation of our financial results in accordance with GAAP. 59 Reconciliation of Net Income to FFO, FFO per Share, AFFO, AFFO per Share and Adjusted EBITDA (In thousands, except share data and per share data) Net income attributable to common stockholders Real estate depreciation FFO Direct financing lease adjustments attributable to common stockholders Loss on extinguishment of debt Loss on impairment Non-cash stock-based compensation Amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount Other depreciation Capital expenditures Transaction and acquisition costs AFFO Interest expense, net Income tax expense (benefit) Adjusted EBITDA Net income per common share Basic and diluted FFO per common share Basic and diluted AFFO per common share Basic and diluted Weighted average number of common shares outstanding Basic Diluted Year Ended December 31, 2018 $ 523,619 $ — 523,619 (44,852) 23,040 12,334 2,342 5,976 3,679 (899) 393 525,632 195,380 1,441 722,453 1.43 1.43 1.43 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 42,662 — 42,662 (8,362) 38,488 — 1,385 156 751 (51) 9,039 84,068 62,916 (1,901) 145,083 0.19 0.19 0.37 367,226,395 367,316,901 227,828,844 227,985,455 60 LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Overview As of December 31, 2018, our available cash balance was $577.9 million, our restricted cash balance was $20.6 million, our short-term investment balance was $520.9 million, and $400.0 million was available for future borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility. Our short-term obligations consist primarily of regular interest payments on our debt obligations, dividends to our common stockholders, normal recurring operating expenses, recurring expenditures for corporate and administrative needs, certain lease and other contractual commitments related to our golf operations and certain non-recurring expenditures. For a list of our contractual commitments refer to Note 12 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, in the Notes to our Financial Statements. Our long-term obligations consist primarily of principal payments on our outstanding debt obligations. We currently have $4.1 billion of debt obligations outstanding, none of which are maturing in the next twelve months. For a summary of principal debt balances and their maturity dates and principal terms refer to Note 9 - Debt, in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. We anticipate closing the acquisition of Greektown in mid-2019, and we expect to fund the purchase with approximately $350.0 million of cash on hand (which represents a portion of the proceeds that we raised in our November 2018 equity offering) and $350.0 million of debt, either through additional long-term debt financing or under our Revolving Credit Facility. We anticipate funding future transactions with a mix of debt, equity and available cash. We believe that we have sufficient liquidity to meet our liquidity and capital resource requirements primarily through currently available cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short term investments, cash received under our Lease Agreements, borrowings from banks, including undrawn capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility, and proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities. All of the Lease Agreements call for an initial term of fifteen years with four, five-year renewal options (except for Harrah’s Philadelphia) and are designed to provide us with a reliable and predictable revenue stream. However, our cash flows from operations and our ability to access capital resources could be adversely affected due to uncertain economic factors and volatility in the financial and credit markets. In particular, we can provide no assurances that our tenants will not default on their leases or fail to make full rental payments if their businesses become challenged due to, among other things, adverse economic conditions. Our ability to raise funds through the issuance of debt and equity securities and access to other third-party sources of capital in the future will be dependent on, among other things, general economic conditions, general market conditions for REITs, market perceptions and the trading price of our stock. We will continue to analyze which sources of capital are most advantageous to us at any particular point in time, but the capital markets may not be consistently available on terms we deem attractive, or at all. Cash Flow Analysis The table below summarizes our cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017: (In thousands) Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Provided by operating activities Used in investing activities Provided by financing activities 2018 2017 Variance ($) $ $ 504,082 (1,140,877) 1,037,836 129,440 (1,136,251) 1,148,446 $ 374,642 (4,626) (110,610) 259,406 Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 401,041 141,635 61 Cash Flows from Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities increased $374.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared with the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The increase is primarily driven by a full year of operations in 2018, compared to only three months of operations in 2017. Cash Flows from Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities increased $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared with the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. During 2018, the primary use of cash from investing activities was our investment in direct financing leases of $771.5 million related to the purchase of Octavius Tower and Harrah’s Philadelphia and net investments in short-term investments of $520.9 million. During the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017, our investment in deferred financing leases of $1,136.2 million related to the acquisition of Harrah’s Las Vegas was the primary use of cash from investing activities. Cash Flows from Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities decreased $110.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared with the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018 the primary sources and uses of cash from financing activities include: • Net proceeds from our initial public offering of $1,307.1 million of our common stock; • Net proceeds from our primary follow-on equity offering of $694.4 million of our common stock; • Repayment of $300.0 million on our Revolving Credit Facility; • Repayment of $100.0 million on our Term Loan B Facility; • Redemption of $290.1 million in aggregate principal amount of our Second Lien Notes; • Dividend payments of $262.7 million During the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 the primary sources and uses of cash from financing activities include: • • • Proceeds from the issuance of $2,200.0 million of our Term Loan B Facility; Proceeds from the $300.0 million draw from our Revolving Credit Facility; Proceeds from the private placement issuance of $1,000.0 million of our common stock; • The sale of approximately 18.4 acres of undeveloped land located behind the LINQ Hotel & Casino and Harrah’s Las Vegas to Caesars for $73.6 million; • Repayment of our $1,638.4 million senior secured first lien Prior Term Loan; • Repayment of our $311.7 million first-priority senior secured Prior First Lien Notes; • The purchase by VICI PropCo of the entirety of the outstanding CPLV mezzanine debt in the aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million; • Costs of $36.2 million related to our common stock private placement and premium and fees related to the purchase of the mezzanine debt of $38.4 million; and • Debt issuance costs of $31.5 million related to our Term Loan B Facility and Revolving Credit Facility. 62 Debt The following table summarizes our debt related transactions from the Formation Date to December 31, 2018: Description of Debt VICI PropCo Senior Secured Credit Facilities Revolving Credit Facility Term Loan B Facility First Lien Term Loan (“Prior Term Loan”) First Priority Senior Secured Notes (“Prior First Lien Notes”) Second Lien Notes Face Value (In thousands) Debt At Formation Mandatory Conversion Refinancing Transactions Debt at December 31, 2017 IPO Transaction Debt at December 31, 2018 $ — $ — $ 300,000 $ 300,000 $ (300,000) $ — — — 2,200,000 2,200,000 (100,000) 2,100,000 1,638,387 — (1,638,387) 311,721 766,892 (311,721) — — — 766,892 — — (268,412) — — 498,480 1,550,000 — — — — 1,550,000 (200,000) (200,000) — — — — — — — — — — $ (668,412) $ 4,148,480 CPLV Debt CPLV CMBS Debt 1,550,000 CPLV Mezzanine Debt Senior tranche 200,000 Intermediate tranche Junior tranche 200,000 250,000 — — — — — (250,000) Total Debt $4,917,000 $ (250,000) $ 149,892 $ 4,816,892 Impact of Initial Public Offering On February 5, 2018, we completed an initial public offering of 69,575,000 shares of common stock (which included 9,075,000 shares of common stock related to the overallotment option exercised by the underwriters in full) at an offering price of $20.00 per share for gross proceeds of $1.4 billion, resulting in net proceeds of $1.3 billion after commissions and expenses. We utilized a portion of the net proceeds from the stock offering to: (a) pay down $300.0 million of indebtedness outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility; (b) redeem $268.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the Second Lien Notes at a redemption price of 108% plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of the redemption; and (c) repay $100.0 million of the Term Loan B Facility. Covenants On December 22, 2017, VICI PropCo entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) governing the Term Loan B Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility. The Credit Agreement contains customary covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of VICI PropCo and its restricted subsidiaries to: (i) incur additional indebtedness; (ii) merge with a third party or engage in other fundamental changes; (iii) make restricted payments; (iv) enter into, create, incur or assume any liens; (v) make certain sales and other dispositions of assets; (vi) enter into certain transactions with affiliates; (vii) make certain payments on certain other indebtedness; (viii) make certain investments; and (ix) incur restrictions on the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make certain distributions, 63 loans or transfers of assets to VICI PropCo or any restricted subsidiary. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications, including the ability to make unlimited restricted payments to maintain our REIT status and to avoid the payment of federal or state income or excise tax, the ability to make restricted payments in an amount not to exceed 95% of our Funds from Operations (as defined in the Credit Agreement) subject to no event of default under the Credit Agreement and pro forma compliance with the financial covenant pursuant to the Credit Agreement, and the ability to make additional restricted payments in an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of 0.6% of Adjusted Total Assets (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or $30,000,000. Commencing with the first full fiscal quarter ended after December 22, 2017, if the outstanding amount of the Revolving Credit Facility plus any drawings under letters of credit issued pursuant to the Credit Agreement that have not been reimbursed as of the end of any fiscal quarter exceeds 30% of the aggregate amount of the Revolving Credit Facility, VICI PropCo and its restricted subsidiaries on a consolidated basis would be required to maintain a maximum Total Net Debt to Adjusted Total Assets Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, as of the last day of any applicable fiscal quarter. The CPLV CMBS Debt was incurred in October 2017 pursuant to a loan agreement containing certain covenants limiting CPLV Property Owner LLC’s ability to among other things: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) enter into certain transactions with its affiliates; (iii) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of its assets; and (iv) allow transfers of its direct or indirect equity interests. The Second Lien Notes were issued on October 6, 2017, pursuant to an indenture (the “Indenture”) by and among VICI PropCo and its wholly owned subsidiary, VICI FC Inc. (together, the “Issuers”), the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, and UMB Bank National Association, as trustee. The Indenture contains covenants that limit the Issuers’ and their restricted subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of their capital stock or make other restricted payments; (iii) make certain investments; (iv) sell certain assets; (v) create or permit to exist dividend and/or payment restrictions affecting their restricted subsidiaries; (vi) create liens on certain assets to secure debt; (vii) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets; (viii) enter into certain transactions with their affiliates; and (ix) designate their subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications, including the ability to declare or pay any cash dividend or make any cash distribution to VICI to the extent necessary for VICI to distribute cash dividends of 100% of our “real estate investment trust taxable income” within the meaning of Section 857(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, certain restricted payments not to exceed the amount of our cumulative earnings (calculated pursuant to the Indenture as $30,000,000 plus 95% of our cumulative Adjusted Funds From Operations (as defined in the Indenture) less cumulative distributions, with certain other adjustments), and the ability to make restricted payments in an amount equal to the greater of 0.6% of Adjusted Total Assets (as defined in the Indenture) or $30,000,000. At December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all required debt-related financial covenants. Capital Expenditures As described in our leases, capital expenditures for properties under the Lease Agreements are the responsibility of the tenants. Minimum capital expenditure spending requirements of the tenants are described in “Overview of our Lease Agreements” of Item 1 - Business. Inflation Our leases provide for certain increases in rent as a result of a fixed annual rent escalator or changes in the Consumer Price Index as further described in “Overview of our Lease Agreements” of Item 1 - Business. Inflation may cause the rent provisions to result in rent increases over time. However, we could be negatively affected if increases in rent are not sufficient to cover increases in our operating expenses due to inflation. In addition, inflation and increased cost may have an adverse impact on our tenants if increases in their operating expenses exceed increases in revenue due to inflation. 64 Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements As of December 31, 2018, and as of the date this report was filed, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES Our Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. We have identified certain accounting policies that we believe are the most critical to the presentation of our financial information over a period of time. These accounting policies may require our management to take decisions on subjective and/or complex matters relating to reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, expenses and related disclosures, including, but not limited to, the application of fresh start reporting, determining the useful lives of real estate properties, and evaluating the impairment of long-lived assets, and allocation of costs and deferred income taxes. The judgment on such estimates and underlying assumptions is based on our historical experience that we believe is reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from the estimates. Investments in Direct Financing and Operating Leases Upon lease inception, we assess lease classification under ASC 840 “Leases” (“ASC 840”) to determine if the lease should be classified as capital or operating. If a lease is determined to be a capital lease, we further assess if it is a direct financing or sales-type lease as defined in ASC 840. For leases determined to be direct financing capital leases, upon execution of the lease transaction, the asset is classified to Investments in direct financing leases, net. For direct financing leases where the land represents greater than 25% of the fair value of the underlying asset, the land and building components of the lease are bifurcated and separately assessed for classification. We have determined that all of our leases meet the definition of direct financing leases under ASC 840, with the exception of the land component of our investment in Caesars Palace Las Vegas and certain parcels of land contained in the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement. We recognize the related income from our direct financing leases on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the terms of the applicable leases. As a result, the cash payments accounted for under direct financing leases will not equal income from direct financing leases. Rather, a portion of the cash rent we receive is recorded as Income from direct financing leases in our Statement of Operations and a portion is recorded as a change to the Investments in direct financing leases, net. Initial direct costs incurred in connection with direct financing lease transactions are included in the balance of Investments in direct financing leases, net. Such amounts will be recognized as a reduction to Income from direct financing leases over the life of the lease using the effective interest method. Under the operating lease model, as the lessor, at lease inception the land is recorded as Investments in operating leases in our Balance Sheet and we record income from operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The amount of annual minimum lease payments attributable to the land element after deducting executory costs, including any profit thereon, is determined by applying the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate to the value of the land. We record this lease income as Income from operating leases in our Statement of Operations. 65 CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS Information concerning our obligations and commitments to make future payments under contracts such as our indebtedness and future minimum lease commitments under operating leases is included in the following table as of December 31, 2018. (In thousands) Long-term debt Term Loan B Facility, principal (1) CPLV CMBS Debt, principal (2) Second Lien Notes, principal (3) Revolving Credit Facility, principal (4) Scheduled interest payments (5) Total debt contractual obligations Leases and contracts Operating lease for Cascata Golf Course Land Golf maintenance contract for Rio Secco and Cascata Golf Course Office leases Total leases and contract obligations Payments Due By Period Total Within 1 Year 1-3 Years 4-5 Years After 5 Years $ 2,100,000 $ 1,550,000 498,480 — — — — — 1,050,788 5,199,268 211,372 211,372 422,745 422,745 $ 32,000 $ 2,068,000 — 1,550,000 — — 498,480 — 324,340 2,404,820 — — — 92,330 2,160,330 21,559 896 1,847 1,921 16,895 16,350 414 38,323 3,270 345 4,512 6,540 69 8,456 6,540 — 8,461 — — 16,895 Total Contractual Commitments $ 5,237,591 $ 215,884 $ 431,201 $ 2,413,281 $ 2,177,225 ________________________________________ (1) The Term Loan B Facility is subject to amortization of 1.0% of principal per annum payable in equal quarterly installments on the last business day of each calendar quarter. However, as a result of prepaying $100.0 million in February 2018 the next principal payment due on the Term Loan B Facility is September 2022. The Term Loan B Facility will mature on December 22, 2024 or the date that is three months prior to the maturity of the Second Lien Notes, whichever is earlier (or if the maturity is extended pursuant to the terms of the agreement, such extended maturity date as determined pursuant thereto). (2) The CPLV CMBS Debt will mature on October 10, 2022. (3) The Second Lien Notes will mature on October 15, 2023. (4) The Revolving Credit Facility will mature on December 22, 2022. (5) Estimated interest payments on variable interest loans are based on a LIBOR rate as of December 31, 2018. Subsequent to year end, on January 3, 2019, we entered into two additional interest rate swap transactions having an aggregate notional amount of $500.0 million at a blended rate of 2.38%. ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Our future income, cash flows and fair values relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevailing market interest rates. In the normal course of business, we are exposed to the effect of interest rate changes. We have entered into derivative agreements to mitigate exposure to unexpected changes in interest. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market interest rates. We periodically use derivative financial instruments to seek to manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to our borrowings. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes and only enter into contracts with major financial institutions based on their credit rating and 66 other factors. We intend to enter into derivative agreements only with counterparties that we believe have a strong credit rating to mitigate the risk of counterparty default or insolvency. As of December 31, 2018, we had $4,148.5 million of debt outstanding of which $2,048.5 million was fixed rate debt and $1,500.0 million was hedged variable rate debt, the remaining $600.0 million of our indebtedness was unhedged. Subsequent to December 31, 2018 we entered into two interest swap transactions which are effective January 22, 2019, for a notional amount of $500 million, effectively bringing our unhedged variable rate debt to $100.0 million. As of December 31, 2018, a one percent increase or decrease in the annual interest rate on our unhedged variable rate borrowings of $600.0 million would increase or decrease our annual cash interest expense by approximately $6.0 million. Subsequent to January 22, 2019, a one percent increase or decrease in the annual interest rate on our unhedged variable rate borrowings of $100.0 million would increase or decrease our annual cash interest expense by approximately $1.0 million. We may manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to our borrowings by means of interest rate swap agreements. We also expect to manage our exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mix of fixed and variable rates for our indebtedness. However, the REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our assets and liabilities. ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Financial Data The financial statements required by this item and the reports of the independent accountants thereon required by Item 15 of this Form 10-K appear on pages F-2 to F-56. See accompanying Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1. The supplementary financial data required by Item 302 of Regulation S-K appears in pages S-1 to S-6 to the consolidated financial statements. ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures Disclosure Controls and Procedures We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods and accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer to 67 provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurances that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 based on the framework established in the updated Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management has determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018. Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our financial statements included in this report on Form 10-K and issued its attestation report, which is included herein and expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as is defined in Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d– 15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during our most recent quarter, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. Other Information None. 68 PART III ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed not later than April 30, 2019 with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act. ITEM 11. Executive Compensation The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed not later than April 30, 2019 with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act. ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed not later than April 30, 2019 with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act. ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed not later than April 30, 2019 with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act. ITEM 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed not later than April 30, 2019 with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act. 69 PART IV ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a)(1). Financial Statements. See the accompanying Index to Financial Statement Schedule on page F-1. (a)(2). Financial Statement Schedules. See the accompanying Index to Financial Statement Schedule on page F-1. (a)(3). Exhibits. Filed Herewith Incorporated by Reference Form T-3/A of VICI Properties 1 LLC Exhibit Filing Date T3E-2 8/11/2017 8-K 2.1 10/11/2017 8-K 2.1 6/19/2018 8-K 2.1 7/12/2018 8-K 2.2 7/12/2018 8-K 2.1 11/14/2018 8-K 2.2 11/14/2018 8-K 8-K 3.1 10/11/2017 3.2 10/11/2017 Exhibit Number 2.1 2.2 2.3** 2.4** 2.5** 2.6** 2.7** 3.1 3.2 Exhibit Description Third Amended Joint Plan of Reorganization of Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc., et al., under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, dated January 13, 2016. Separation Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, between Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc. and VICI Properties Inc. Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of June 18, 2018 by and among VICI Properties Inc., Riverview Merger Sub Inc., Penn Tenant II, LLC, Penn National Gaming, Inc., Bossier Casino Venture (HoldCo), Inc. and Silver Slipper Gaming, LLC. Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of July 11, 2018 by and between Caesars Octavius, LLC and Octavius Propco LLC. Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of July 11, 2018 by and between Chester Downs and Marina, LLC and Philadelphia Propco LLC. Transaction Agreement dated as of November 13, 2018 by and among Greektown Mothership LLC, Penn Tenant III, LLC and VICI Properties L.P. Real Estate Purchase Agreement dated as of November 13, 2018 by and between Greektown Mothership LLC and VICI Properties L.P. Articles of Amendment and Restatement of VICI Properties Inc. Amended and Restated Bylaws of VICI Properties Inc. 70 X X 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Indenture, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and among VICI Properties 1 LLC, VICI FC Inc., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto from time to time, and UMB Bank, National Association, as trustee, governing the First-Priority Senior Secured Floating Rate Notes due 2022. Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of December 26, 2017, among Claudine Propco LLC as New Guarantor, VICI Properties 1 LLC and VICI FC Inc., as issuers, and UMB Bank, National Association, as trustee. Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated as of December 26, 2017, among Claudine Propco LLC as New Guarantor, among VICI Properties 1 LLC and VICI FC Inc., as issuers, and UMB Bank, National Association, as trustee. Supplemental Indenture No. 3, dated as of September 24, 2018, among VICI Properties 1 LLC and VICI FC Inc., as issuers, and UMB Bank, National Association, as trustee Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2017, between VICI Properties Inc. and the other parties named therein. Lease (CPLV), dated as of October 6, 2017, by and among CPLV Property Owner LLC, Desert Palace LLC, Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc. and CEOC, LLC, relating to the CPLV Facilities. First Amendment to Lease (CPLV), dated as of December 26, 2018, by and among CPLV Property Owner LLC, Desert Palace LLC and CEOC, LLC. Lease (Non-CPLV), dated as of October 6, 2017, by and among the entities listed on Schedules A and B thereto and CEOC, LLC, relating to the Non-CPLV Facilities. First Amendment to Lease (Non-CPLV) dated as of December 22, 2017, by and among the entities listed on Schedules A and B thereto and CEOC, LLC Second Amendment to Lease (Non-CPLV) dated as of February 16, 2018, by and among the entities listed on Schedules A and B thereto and CEOC, LLC. Third Amendment to Lease (Non-CPLV) dated as of April 2, 2018, by and among the entities listed on Schedules A and B thereto and CEOC, LLC. 10.7+ Fourth Amendment to Lease (Non-CPLV), dated as of December 26, 2018, by and among the entities listed on Schedules A and B thereto and CEOC, LLC. 71 8-K 4.1 10/11/2017 8-K 4.1 9/25/2018 S-11/A 4.5 1/17/2018 8-K 10.1 10/11/2017 8-K 10.1 12/27/2018 8-K 10.2 10/11/2017 10-K/A 10.40 4/30/2018 10-Q 10.1 5/4/2018 10-Q 10.2 5/4/2018 8-K 10.2 12/27/2018 8-K 10.3 10/11/2017 8-K 10.3 12/27/2018 8-K 10.4 10/11/2017 10-Q 10.3 5/4/2018 8-K 10.5 10/11/2017 8-K 10.5 12/27/2018 8-K 10.6 10/11/2017 10.8 10.9+ 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 Lease (Joliet), dated as of October 6, 2017, by and between Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC and Des Plaines Development Limited Partnership, relating to the Joliet Facilities. First Amendment to Lease (Joliet), dated as of December 26, 2018, by and between Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC and Des Plaines Development Limited Partnership. Golf Course Use Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and among Rio Secco LLC, Cascata LLC, Chariot Run LLC, Grand Bear LLC, Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC, CEOC, LLC and, solely for purposes of Section 2.1(c) thereof, Caesars License Company, LLC. First Amendment to Golf Course Use Agreement, dated as of April 20, 2018 by and among Rio Secco LLC, Cascata LLC, Chariot Run LLC, and Grand Bear LLC, Caesars Enterprise Services LLC, CEOC, LLC, and solely for certain sections referenced therein, Caesars License Company, LLC. Management and Lease Support Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and among Desert Palace LLC, Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc., CEOC, LLC, CPLV Manager, LLC, Caesars Entertainment Corporation, CPLV Property Owner LLC, and solely for certain articles and sections named therein, Caesars License Company, LLC and Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC relating to the CPLV Facilities. First Amendment to Management and Lease Support Agreement (CPLV), dated as of December 26, 2018, by and among Desert Palace LLC, CEOC, LLC, CPLV Manager, LLC, Caesars Entertainment Corporation, CPLV Property Owner LLC, and solely for certain articles and sections named therein, Caesars License Company, LLC and Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC. Management and Lease Support Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and among CEOC, LLC, the entities listed therein, Non- CPLV Manager, LLC, Caesars Entertainment Corporation and solely for certain articles and sections named therein, Caesars License Company, LLC and Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC relating to the Non-CPLV Facilities. 72 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 First Amendment to Management and Lease Support Agreement (Non-CPLV), dated as of December 26, 2018, by and among CEOC, LLC, the entities listed on Schedule A and Schedule B thereto, Chester Downs and Marina, LLC, Non- CPLV Manager, LLC, Caesars Entertainment Corporation, Philadelphia Propco LLC, and solely for certain articles and sections named therein, Caesars License Company, LLC and Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC. Management and Lease Support Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and among Des Plaines Development Limited Partnership, Joliet Manager, LLC, Caesars Entertainment Corporation, Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC and solely for certain articles and sections named therein, Caesars License Company, LLC and Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC relating to the Joliet Facilities. First Amendment to Management and Lease Support Agreement (Joliet), dated as of December 26, 2018, by and among Des Plaines Development Limited Partnership, Joliet Manager, LLC, Caesars Entertainment Corporation, Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC and solely for certain articles and sections named therein, Caesars License Company, LLC and Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC. Call Right Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and between VICI Properties L.P. and Caesars Entertainment Corporation relating to Harrah’s New Orleans. Call Right Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and between VICI Properties L.P. and Caesars Entertainment Corporation relating to Harrah’s Laughlin. Call Right Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and between VICI Properties L.P. and Caesars Entertainment Corporation relating to Harrah’s Atlantic City. Tax Matters Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and among Caesars Entertainment Corporation, CEOC, LLC, VICI Properties Inc., VICI Properties L.P. and CPLV Property Owner LLC. Loan Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and among CPLV Property Owner LLC, as borrower, JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, Barclays Bank PLC, Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., as lenders, governing the CPLV CMBS Debt. 73 8-K 10.6 12/27/2018 8-K 10.7 10/11/2017 8-K 10.7 12/27/2018 8-K 10.9 10/11/2017 8-K 10.10 10/11/2017 8-K 10.11 10/11/2017 8-K 10.12 10/11/2017 8-K 10.13 10/11/2017 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 Omnibus Amendment to Loan Documents, dated as of December 26, 2018, by and among Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee for the Benefit of Holders of Caesars Palace Las Vegas Trust 2017-VICI, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2017- VICI, CPLV Property Owner LLC and VICI Properties L.P, relating to, among other things, the CPLV CMBS Debt. Mezzanine A Loan Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and among CPLV Mezz 1 LLC, Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, and the lenders party thereto, governing the senior mezzanine debt. Consent and Omnibus Amendment to Loan Documents, dated as of December 26, 2018, by and among CPLV Mezz 1 LLC, VICI Properties L.P. and Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as administrative and collateral agent for the lenders under the Mezzanine A Loan Agreement, dated October 6, 2017, relating to the loan with respect thereto. Mezzanine B Loan Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and among CPLV Mezz 2 LLC, Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, and the lenders party thereto, governing the intermediate mezzanine debt. Consent and Omnibus Amendment to Loan Documents, dated as of December 26, 2018, by and among CPLV Mezz 2 LLC, VICI Properties L.P. and Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as administrative and collateral agent for the lenders under the Mezzanine B Loan Agreement, dated October 6, 2017, relating to the loan with respect thereto. Credit Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2017, among VICI Properties 1 LLC, as the borrower, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent and the other parties thereto. Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2018, by and among VICI Properties 1 LLC, as the borrower, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent and the other parties thereto Second Lien Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, among VICI Properties 1 LLC and VICI FC Inc., as the Borrowers, Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Credit Agreement Agent, UMB Bank, National Association, as the Initial Other First Priority Lien Obligations Agent, and each Other First Priority Lien Obligations Agent from time to time party thereto. 74 8-K 10.8 12/27/2018 8-K 10.16 10/11/2017 8-K 10.9 12/27/2018 8-K 10.15 10/11/2017 8-K 10.10 12/27/2018 8-K 10.1 12/26/2017 8-K 10.1 9/25/2018 8-K 10.21 10/11/2017 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.34† 10.35† 10.36† 10.37† Second Lien Collateral Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, among VICI Properties 1 LLC, VICI FC Inc., each Subsidiary Party thereto, and UMB Bank, National Association, as Collateral Agent. Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of VICI Properties L.P. Form of Indemnification Agreement, between VICI Properties Inc. and its directors and officers. Employment Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and between VICI Properties Inc. and Edward Pitoniak. Employment Agreement, dated as of October 6, 2017, by and between VICI Properties Inc. and John Payne. Employment Agreement, dated as of November 27, 2017, by and between VICI Properties Inc. and David Kieske. Employment Agreement dated as of April 24, 2018 by and among VICI Properties Inc., VICI Properties L.P. and Samantha Gallagher. 8-K 10.22 10/11/2017 8-K 10.23 10/11/2017 10 10.20 9/28/2017 8-K 10.25 10/11/2017 8-K 10.26 10/11/2017 S-11/A 10.32 1/17/2018 10-Q 10.2 8/2/2018 10.38† VICI Properties Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan. 8-K 10.28 10/11/2017 10.39 10.40 10.41 10.42 10.43 10.44 Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of November 29, 2017, by and between Harrah’s Las Vegas, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company, as seller, and Claudine Property Owner LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as buyer. Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of November 29, 2017, by and between Vegas Development LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as seller and Eastside Convention Center, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as buyer. Guaranty, made and entered into as of November 29, 2017 by VICI Properties I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as guarantor. Common Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 29, 2017, between the Company and each purchaser, or the investment advisor or manager for one or more purchasers, identified on Schedule I thereto. Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated as of June 18, 2018 by and among VICI Properties Inc., Riverview Merger Sub Inc., Penn Tenant II, LLC and Penn National Gaming, Inc. Second Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal Agreement, dated as of December 26, 2018, by and between Caesars Entertainment Corporation and VICI Properties L.P. 75 8-K 10.1 11/30/2017 8-K 10.2 11/30/2017 8-K 10.3 11/30/2017 8-K 10.4 11/30/2017 8-K 10.1 6/19/2018 8-K 10.11 12/27/2018 10.45 10.46 10.47 10.48 Guaranty of Lease as of the 22nd day of December, 2017, by and between Caesars Resort Collection, LLC and Claudine Propco, LLC. Amended and Restated Lease, dated as of December 22, 2017, by and among Claudine Propco, LLC and Harrah’s Las Vegas, LLC. First Amendment to Amended and Restated Lease, dated as of December 26, 2018, by and between Claudine Propco, LLC and Harrah’s Las Vegas, LLC. Put-Call Right Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2017, by and among Claudine Propco LLC, Vegas Development Land Owner LLC and 3535 LV Newco, LLC. S-11/A 10.36 1/17/2018 S-11/A 10.37 1/17/2018 8-K 10.4 12/27/2018 S-11/A 10.38 1/17/2018 10.49† Form of Restricted Stock Grant 10-K 10.39 3/28/2018 8-K 8-K 10.1 8/30/2018 10.2 8/30/2018 10.50† 10.51† 10.52† Form of LTIP Time-Based Restricted Stock Grant Agreement Form of LTIP Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement Amendment No. 1 to VICI Properties Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan 21.1 23.1 23.2 24.1 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 Subsidiaries of VICI Properties Inc. Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP for VICI Properties Inc. Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP for Caesars Entertainment Outdoor Power of Attorney (included on signature page) Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 76 X X X X X X X * * X X X 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document X X X * Furnished herewith ** Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits upon request by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. † Management contracts and compensation plans and arrangements. + Confidential treatment requested as to certain portions, which portions are omitted and filed separately with the SEC. ITEM 16. Form 10-K Summary None. 77 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES VICI PROPERTIES INC. February 14, 2019 By: /S/ EDWARD B. PITONIAK Edward B. Pitoniak Chief Executive Officer and Director POWER OF ATTORNEY Each of the officers and directors of VICI Properties Inc., whose signature appears below, in so signing, also makes, constitutes and appoints each of Edward B. Pitoniak, David A. Kieske and Gabriel F. Wasserman, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact, with full power and substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to execute and cause to be filed with the SEC any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, with exhibits thereto and all other documents connected therewith and to perform any acts necessary to be done in order to file such documents, and hereby ratifies and confirms all that said attorneys-in-fact or their substitute or substitutes may do or cause to done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /S/ EDWARD B. PITONIAK Edward B. Pitoniak Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) February 14, 2019 /S/ DAVID A. KIESKE David A. Kieske Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) February 14, 2019 /S/ GABRIEL F. WASSERMAN Gabriel F. Wasserman Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) February 14, 2019 /S/ JAMES R. ABRAHAMSON James R. Abrahamson Chair of the Board of Directors February 14, 2019 /S/ DIANA CANTOR Diana Cantor /S/ EUGENE I. DAVIS Eugene I. Davis /S/ ERIC L. HAUSLER Eric L. Hausler /S/ ELIZABETH I. HOLLAND Elizabeth I. Holland /S/ CRAIG MACNAB Craig Macnab /S/ MICHAEL D. RUMBOLZ Michael D. Rumbolz Director February 14, 2019 Director February 14, 2019 Director February 14, 2019 Director February 14, 2019 Director February 14, 2019 Director February 14, 2019 78 INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES VICI Properties Inc.: Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2018 and Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Caesars Entertainment Outdoor (Predecessor): Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Combined Balance Sheets as of October 5, 2017 and December 31, 2016 Period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 and Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 Combined Statements of Operations Combined Statements of Equity Combined Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Combined Financial Statements VICI Properties Inc.: Schedule I - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant Parent Company Only Schedule III - Real Estate Assets and Accumulated Depreciation F - 2 F - 4 F - 5 F - 6 F - 7 F - 9 F - 41 F - 42 F - 43 F - 44 F - 45 F - 46 S - 1 S - 6 F - 1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of VICI Properties Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of VICI Properties Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for the year ended December 31, 2018 and for the period from October 6, 2017 (Formation Date) to December 31, 2017, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for year ended December 31, 2018 and for the period from October 6, 2017 (Formation Date) to December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 14, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP New York, New York February 14, 2019 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016. F - 2 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of VICI Properties Inc. Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of VICI Properties Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, of the Company and our report dated February 14, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP New York, New York February 14, 2019 F - 3 VICI PROPERTIES INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share and per share data) December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Assets Real estate portfolio: Investments in direct financing leases, net $ 8,916,047 $ Investments in operating leases Land Property and equipment used in operations, net Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Short-term investments Other assets Total assets Liabilities Debt, net Accrued interest Deferred financing liability Deferred revenue Dividends payable Other liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12) Stockholders’ equity Common stock, $0.01 par value, 700,000,000 shares authorized and 404,729,616 and 300,278,938 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized and no shares outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017 Additional paid-in capital Accumulated other comprehensive loss Retained earnings Total VICI stockholders’ equity Non-controlling interests Total stockholders’ equity 1,086,658 95,789 71,513 577,883 20,564 520,877 44,037 8,268,643 1,110,400 73,600 74,300 183,646 13,760 — 15,363 $ $ 11,333,368 $ 9,739,712 4,122,264 $ 4,785,756 14,184 73,600 43,605 116,287 62,406 21,595 73,600 68,117 — 14,280 4,432,346 4,963,348 4,047 3,003 — 6,648,430 (22,124) 187,096 6,817,449 83,573 6,901,022 — 4,645,824 — 42,662 4,691,489 84,875 4,776,364 9,739,712 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 11,333,368 $ See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F - 4 VICI PROPERTIES INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In thousands, except share and per share data) Year Ended December 31, 2018 Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 $ 741,564 $ Revenues Income from direct financing leases Income from operating leases Tenant reimbursement of property taxes Golf operations Revenues Operating expenses General and administrative Depreciation Property taxes Golf operations Loss on impairment Acquisition and transaction expenses Total operating expenses Operating income Interest expense Interest income Loss from extinguishment of debt Income before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net income Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Net income attributable to common stockholders Net income per common share Basic Diluted Weighted average number of common shares outstanding Basic Diluted Other comprehensive income Net income attributable to common stockholders Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders $ $ $ $ $ See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F - 5 47,972 81,240 27,201 897,977 24,429 3,686 81,810 17,371 12,334 393 140,023 757,954 (212,663) 11,307 (23,040) 533,558 (1,441) 532,117 (8,498) 523,619 1.43 1.43 $ $ $ 150,171 11,529 19,558 6,351 187,609 9,939 751 19,558 4,126 — 9,039 43,413 144,196 (63,354) 282 (38,488) 42,636 1,901 44,537 (1,875) 42,662 0.19 0.19 367,226,395 367,316,901 227,828,844 227,985,455 523,619 (22,124) 501,495 $ $ 42,662 — 42,662 Balance as of October 6, 2017 Net income Preferred stock conversion Mandatory debt conversion Private equity placement Share-based compensation Balance as of December 31, 2017 Net income Issuance of common stock from Initial Public Offering Issuance of common stock from follow-on offering Distributions to non- controlling interests Dividends declared Share-based compensation Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges Balance as of December 31, 2018 VICI PROPERTIES INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (In thousands) Common Stock Preferred Stock Additional paid-in capital Accumulat ed Other Comprehe nsive Loss Retained Earnings Total VICI Stockholders’ Equity Non- controlling Interests Total Stockholders’ Equity $ 1,772 $ 120 $ 3,431,781 $ — $ — $ 3,433,673 $ 83,000 $ 3,516,673 — — — — 42,662 42,662 1,875 44,537 514 (120) (394) 176 541 — — — — 249,811 963,241 1,385 — — — — — — — — — 249,987 963,782 1,385 — — — — — 249,987 963,782 1,385 $ 3,003 $ — $ 4,645,824 $ — $ 42,662 $ 4,691,489 $ 84,875 $ 4,776,364 — — — — 523,619 523,619 8,498 532,117 695 — 1,306,424 — — 1,307,119 — 1,307,119 345 — 693,844 — — — — 4 — — — — — — — — 694,189 — 694,189 — — (9,800) (9,800) — (379,185) (379,185) 2,338 — — (22,124) — — 2,342 (22,124) — — — (379,185) 2,342 (22,124) $ 4,047 $ — $ 6,648,430 $ (22,124) $ 187,096 $ 6,817,449 $ 83,573 $ 6,901,022 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F - 6 VICI PROPERTIES INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows provided by operating activities: Direct financing lease adjustments Stock-based compensation Depreciation Amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount Loss on impairment Loss on extinguishment of debt Deferred income taxes Change in operating assets and liabilities: Other assets Accrued interest Deferred revenue Other liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Investments in direct financing leases Capitalized transaction costs Lease modification fee Investments in short-term investments Maturities of short-term investments Proceeds from sale of land Acquisition of property and equipment, net of change in related payables Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from initial public offering of common stock Proceeds from follow-on offering of common stock Proceeds from private placement of common stock Payment of Term Loan B Facility Payment of Revolving Credit Facility Payment of Second Lien Notes Proceeds from issuance of Term Loan B Facility, net Proceeds from issuance of Revolving Credit Facility, net Payment of Prior Term Loan Payment of Prior First Lien Notes Repurchase of Mezzanine Debt Debt issuance costs Proceeds from unrecognized sale of real estate Mandatory debt conversion costs F - 7 Year Ended December 31, 2018 Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 $ 532,117 $ 44,537 (45,404) 2,342 3,686 5,976 12,334 23,040 (348) (22,945) (7,411) (24,512) 25,207 504,082 (771,507) (6,780) 159,000 (942,311) 421,434 186 (899) (1,140,877) 1,307,119 694,374 — (100,000) (300,000) (290,058) — — — — — (1,117) — — (8,443) 1,385 751 156 — — (1,912) (7,159) 21,595 68,081 10,449 129,440 (1,136,200) — — — — — (51) (1,136,251) — — 963,782 — — — 2,194,686 298,000 (1,638,387) (311,721) (400,000) (31,501) 73,600 (13) VICI PROPERTIES INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) Distributions to non-controlling interests Dividends paid Net cash provided by financing activities Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period Supplemental cash flow information: Cash paid for interest Cash paid for income taxes Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activity: Dividends declared, not paid Transfer of investments in operating leases to land Transfer of investments in direct financing leases to investments in operating leases Changes in accruals for additions to deferred transaction costs $ $ $ (9,800) (262,682) 1,037,836 401,041 197,406 598,447 $ 213,309 $ 1,375 116,503 $ 22,189 10,967 742 — — 1,148,446 141,635 55,771 197,406 36,779 — — — — — See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. F - 8 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the words ”VICI,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to VICI Properties Inc. and its subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, unless otherwise stated or the context requires otherwise. We refer to (i) our Consolidated Financial Statements as our “Financial Statements,” (ii) our Consolidated Balance Sheets as our “Balance Sheet,” (iii) our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as our “Statement of Operations,” and (iv) our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as our “Statement of Cash Flows.” References to numbered “Notes” refer to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. “Caesars” refers to Caesars Entertainment Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries. “Caesars Entertainment Outdoor” refers to the historical operations of the golf courses that were transferred from CEOC to VICI Golf on the Formation Date. “Caesars Lease Agreements” refer collectively to the CPLV Lease Agreement, the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement, the Joliet Lease Agreement and the HLV Lease Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires. “CEOC” refers to Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries, prior to the Formation Date, and following the Formation Date, CEOC, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and its subsidiaries. CEOC is a subsidiary of Caesars. “CPLV CMBS Debt” refers to $1.55 billion of asset-level real estate mortgage financing of Caesars Palace Las Vegas, incurred by a subsidiary of the Operating Partnership on October 6, 2017. “CPLV Lease Agreement” refers to the lease agreement for Caesars Palace Las Vegas, as amended from time to time. “CRC” refers to Caesars Resort Collection, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company which is a subsidiary of Caesars. “Eastside Property” refers to 18.4 acres of property located in Las Vegas, Nevada, east of Harrah’s Las Vegas that we sold to Caesars in December, 2017. “Formation Date” refers to October 6, 2017. “Formation Lease Agreements” refers to the CPLV Lease Agreement, the Joliet Lease Agreement and the Non- CPLV Lease Agreement, collectively. “Greektown” refers to the real estate assets associated with the Greektown Casino-Hotel, located in Detroit, Michigan. On November 13, 2018, we entered into definitive agreements to acquire all of the land and real estate assets associated with Greektown, “HLV Lease Agreement” refers to the lease agreement for the Harrah’s Las Vegas facilities, as amended from time to time. “Joliet Lease Agreement” refers to the lease agreement for the facilities in Joliet, Illinois, as amended from time to time. “Lease Agreements” refer collectively to the Caesars Lease Agreements and the Margaritaville Lease Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires. “Margaritaville Lease Agreement” refers to the lease agreement for Margaritaville Resort Casino. F - 9 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) “Margaritaville Resort Casino” refers to the real estate of Margaritaville Resort Casino, located in Bossier City, Louisiana, which we purchased on January 2, 2019. “Non-CPLV Lease Agreement” refers to the lease agreement for regional properties other than the facilities in Joliet, Illinois, as amended from time to time. The “Operating Partnership” refers to VICI Properties L.P., a Delaware limited partnership and a wholly owned subsidiary of VICI. “Penn National” refers to Penn National Gaming, Inc. and its subsidiaries. “Revolving Credit Facility” refers to the five-year first lien revolving credit facility entered into by VICI PropCo in December 2017. “Second Lien Notes” refers to $766.9 million aggregate principal amount of 8.0% second priority senior secured notes due 2023 issued by a subsidiary of the Operating Partnership in October 2017, of which approximately $498.5 million aggregate principal amount remains outstanding. “Term Loan B Facility” refers to the seven-year senior secured first lien term loan B facility entered into by VICI PropCo in December 2017. “VICI Golf” refers to VICI Golf LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is the owner and operator of the Caesars Entertainment Outdoor business. “VICI PropCo” or “PropCo” refers to VICI Properties 1 LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of VICI. Note 1 — Business and Organization We are a Maryland corporation that is primarily engaged in the business of owning and acquiring gaming, hospitality and entertainment destinations, subject to long-term triple net leases. Our national, geographically diverse portfolio consists of 21 market-leading properties, including Caesars Palace Las Vegas and Harrah’s Las Vegas. As of December 31, 2018, we leased all of our properties to subsidiaries of Caesars; however, following our acquisition of Margaritaville Resort Casino on January 2, 2019, we lease such property to Penn National. We also own and operate four championship golf courses located near certain of our properties. We were created to hold certain real estate assets owned by CEOC, upon CEOC’s emergence from bankruptcy. Pursuant to CEOC’s Plan of Reorganization, on Formation Date, the historical business of CEOC was separated by means of a spin-off transaction whereby the real property assets (“Formation Properties”) of CEOC and certain of its subsidiaries, including four golf course businesses, were transferred to us through a series of transactions. Following the Formation Date, we are a stand-alone entity that was initially owned by certain former creditors of CEOC. We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. Federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2017. We conduct our real property business through our Operating Partnership and our golf course business, through a taxable REIT subsidiary (a “TRS”), VICI Golf. Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information set forth in the Accounting Standards F - 10 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) Codification (“ASC”), as published by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and with the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). On the Formation Date, upon CEOC’s emergence from bankruptcy, we adopted fresh-start reporting in accordance with provisions of ASC 852, “Reorganizations” (“ASC 852”). In the application of fresh start accounting, we allocated the enterprise value to the fair value of assets and liabilities in conformity with the guidance for the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations under ASC 805, “Business Combinations” (“ASC 805”). Principles of Consolidation and Non-controlling Interest The accompanying consolidated Financial Statements include our accounts and the accounts of our Operating Partnership, and the subsidiaries in which we or our Operating Partnership has a controlling interest, which includes a single variable interest entity (“VIE”) where we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We consolidate all subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest and VIEs for which we or one of our consolidated subsidiaries is the primary beneficiary. We present non-controlling interest and classify such interest as a component of consolidated stockholders’ equity, separate from VICI stockholders’ equity. Our non-controlling interest represents a 20% third-party ownership of Harrah’s Joliet LandCo LLC, the entity that owns the Harrah’s Joliet facility and is the lessor under the related Joliet Lease Agreement. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Reportable Segments Our real property business and our golf course business represent two reportable segments. The real property business segment consists of leased real property and represents the substantial majority of our business. The golf course business segment consists of four golf courses, each of which is an operating segment and is aggregated into one reportable segment. Corporate and overhead costs are allocated to reportable segments based upon revenue or headcount. Management believes that the assumptions and methodologies used in the allocation of such expenses are reasonable. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Cash consists of cash-on-hand and cash-in-bank. Any investments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase are considered cash equivalents and are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Investments with an original maturity of greater than three months and less than one year from the date of purchase are considered short-term investments and are stated at fair value. As of December 31, 2018, restricted cash was primarily comprised of funds paid by us into a restricted account for a lender required FF&E replacement reserve. Pursuant to the amended CMBS Loan Agreement we are required to fund into escrow certain amounts to be used for FF&E replacement should Caesars vacate the property and remove the furniture, fixtures and equipment upon exit. As of December 31, 2017, restricted cash was comprised of funds paid monthly by Caesars for the CPLV rent that are held in a restricted cash management account for the purpose of funding debt service or impositions related to CPLV debt issued by us. Once all debt service and impositions are paid out of restricted cash, the remaining funds are returned to our unrestricted operating account. F - 11 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported on the Balance Sheet to the total of the same such amounts presented in the Statement of Cash Flows. (In thousands) Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the Statement of Cash Flows Short-Term Investments December 31, 2018 577,883 $ December 31, 2017 183,646 $ 20,564 13,760 $ 598,447 $ 197,406 We generally invest our excess cash in short-term investment grade commercial paper as well as discount notes issued by government-sponsored enterprises including the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and certain of the Federal Home Loan Banks. These investments generally have original maturities between 91 and 120 days and are accounted for as available for sale securities. As of December 31, 2018, we had $520.9 million of short- term investments. We did not have any short-term investments as of December 31, 2017. Investments in Direct Financing and Operating Leases Upon lease inception, we assess lease classification under ASC 840 “Leases” (“ASC 840”) to determine if the lease should be classified as capital or operating. If a lease is determined to be a capital lease, we further assess if it is a direct financing or sales-type lease as defined in ASC 840. For leases determined to be direct financing capital leases, upon execution of the lease transaction, the asset is classified to Investments in direct financing leases, net. For direct financing leases where the land represents greater than 25% of the fair value of the underlying asset, the land and building components of the lease are bifurcated and separately assessed for classification. We have determined that all of our leases meet the definition of direct financing leases under ASC 840, with the exception of the land component of our investment in Caesars Palace Las Vegas and certain parcels of land contained in the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement. We recognize the related income from our direct financing leases on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the terms of the applicable leases. As a result, the cash payments accounted for under direct financing leases will not equal income from direct financing leases. Rather, a portion of the cash rent we receive is recorded as Income from direct financing leases in our Statement of Operations and a portion is recorded as a change to the Investments in direct financing leases, net. Initial direct costs incurred in connection with direct financing lease transactions are included in the balance of Investments in direct financing leases, net. Such amounts will be recognized as a reduction to Income from direct financing leases over the life of the lease using the effective interest method. Under the operating lease model, as the lessor, at lease inception the land is recorded as Investments in operating leases in our Balance Sheet and we record income from operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The amount of annual minimum lease payments attributable to the land element after deducting executory costs, including any profit thereon, is determined by applying the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate to the value of the land. We record this lease income as Income from operating leases in our Statement of Operations. Investments in Land Vacant, Non-Operating Land On the Formation Date, CEOC transferred certain vacant, non-operating land parcels to us, which are subject to the provisions of the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement. The Non-CPLV Lease Agreement allows for the sale of these vacant, non-operating land parcels without Caesars’ consent since they are specifically identified as de minimis to the operations of Caesars. All of the land parcels are located outside of Las Vegas and none of the land parcels are a component of the operations of our regional property portfolio. In the 2018 we reclassified the remaining $22.2 million carrying value of the vacant, non-operating land from Investments in operating leases to Land. F - 12 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) Eastside Property In 2017, we sold certain land parcels known as the Eastside Property to Caesars for a sales price of $73.6 million. It was determined that the transaction does not meet the requirements of a completed sale for accounting purposes due to a put/call option on the land parcels and a convention center currently in process of being constructed (“Caesars Forum Convention Center”). The amount of $73.6 million is presented as Land with a corresponding amount of $73.6 million recorded as Deferred financing liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Property and Equipment Used in Operations Property and equipment used in operations represents assets for VICI Golf, our golf operations, and were recorded at fair value of $75.0 million at the Formation Date. We assign lives to our assets based on our standard policy, which is established by management as representative of the useful life of each category of asset. Additions to property used in operations are stated at cost. We capitalize the costs of improvements that extend the life of the asset and expense maintenance and repair costs as incurred. Gains or losses on the dispositions of property and equipment are recognized in the period of disposal. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the related lease as follows: Depreciable land improvements Building and improvements Furniture and equipment Impairment 2-50 years 5-25 years 2-5 years We assess our real estate portfolio and property and equipment used in operations for impairment on a quarterly basis or whenever certain events or changes in circumstances indicate a possible impairment of the carrying value of the asset. Events or circumstances that may occur include changes in management’s intended holding period or potential sale to a third party, significant changes in real estate market conditions or tenant financial difficulties resulting in non-payment of the lease. Impairments are measured as the amount by which the current book value of the asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. With respect to estimated expected future cash flows for determining whether an asset is impaired, assets are grouped at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows. If and when an investment in direct financing leases is identified for impairment evaluation, we will apply the guidance in both ASC 310, “Receivables” (“ASC 310”) and ASC 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment” (“ASC 360”). Under ASC 310, the lease receivable portion of the net investment in direct financing lease is identified for impairment when it becomes probable that we will be unable to collect all rental payments associated with our investment in direct financing leases. Under ASC 360, the residual value portion of the net investment in direct financing leases is monitored for impairment under the same method we apply to real estate investments. Tenant Reimbursement of Property Taxes Real estate taxes paid directly by our tenants to taxing authorities are recorded gross on our Balance Sheets and Income Statements, as we have concluded we are the primary obligor. Such amounts are presented as revenues from tenant reimbursement of property taxes with a corresponding and offsetting property tax expense. Upon adoption of ASC 842, “Leases” (“ASC 842”) in the first quarter of 2019, we believe such amounts will be presented net, as the tenants pay the real estate taxes directly to the applicable taxing authority. Refer to Note 3 - Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements for further details. Revenue from Golf Operations On the Formation Date, subsidiaries of VICI Golf entered into a golf course use agreement (the “Golf Course Use Agreement”) with New CEOC and Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC (“CES”) (collectively, the “users”), whereby F - 13 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) the users were granted certain priority rights and privileges with respect to access and use of certain golf course properties. Payments under the Golf Course Use Agreement are currently comprised of a $10.2 million annual membership fee, $3.1 million of use fees and approximately $1.2 million of minimum rounds fees. The annual membership fee, use fees and minimum round fees are subject to an annual escalator beginning at the times provided under the Golf Course Use Agreement. Revenue from the Golf Course Use Agreement is recognized in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue From Contracts With Customers”. Additional revenues from golf course operations, food and beverage and merchandise sales are recognized at the time of sale or when the service is provided and are reported net of sales tax. Golf memberships sold to individuals are not refundable and are deferred and recognized within golf revenue in the Statements of Operations over the expected life of an active membership, which is typically one year or less. Fair Value Measurements We measure the fair value of financial instruments based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, a fair value hierarchy distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions. In accordance with the fair value hierarchy, Level 1 assets/liabilities are valued based on quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets, Level 2 assets/liabilities are valued based on quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments, on quoted prices in less active or inactive markets, or on other “observable” market inputs and Level 3 assets/liabilities are valued based significantly on “unobservable” market inputs. Refer to Note 11 - Fair Value for further information. Derivative Financial Instruments We record our derivative financial instruments as either Other assets or Other liabilities on our Balance Sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows are considered cash flow hedges. We formally document our hedge relationships and designation at the contract’s inception. This documentation includes the identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, its risk management objectives, strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction and our evaluation of the effectiveness of its hedged transaction. On a quarterly basis, we also assess whether the derivative we designated in each hedging relationship is expected to be, and has been, highly effective in offsetting changes in the value or cash flows of the hedged items. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective at hedging the designated exposure, hedge accounting is discontinued and the changes in fair value of the instrument are included in net income prospectively. If the hedge relationship is terminated, then the value of the derivative is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income and recognized in earnings when the cash flows that were hedged affect earnings. Changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments that qualify as hedges are reported as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income on our consolidated financial statements. We use derivative instruments to mitigate the effects of interest rate volatility inherent in our variable rate debt, which could unfavorably impact our future earnings and forecasted cash flows. We do not use derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. Income Taxes-REIT Qualification We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. Federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2017. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to stockholders, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. As a REIT, we generally will F - 14 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) not be subject to federal income tax on income that we pay as distributions to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and distributions paid to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing taxable income. Additionally, any resulting corporate liability created if we fail to qualify as a REIT could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT. The TRS operations (represented by the four golf course businesses) are able to engage in activities resulting in income that would not be qualifying income for a REIT. As a result, certain activities of the Company which occur within its TRS operations are subject to federal and state income taxes. The provision for income taxes includes current and deferred portions. The current income tax provision differs from the amount of income tax currently payable because of temporary differences in the recognition of certain income and expense items between financial reporting and income tax reporting. We use the asset and liability method to provide for income taxes, which requires that our income tax expense reflect the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities for financial reporting versus income tax purposes. Accordingly, a deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference is determined based on enacted tax rates that we expect to be in effect when the underlying items of income and expense are realized and the differences reverse. We recognize any interest and penalties, as incurred, in general and administrative expenses in our Statement of Operations. Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs are deferred and amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the underlying indebtedness. We present unamortized deferred financing costs as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the associated debt liability. Acquisition and Transaction Expenses Dead deal costs and other transaction and acquisition related expenses which are not capitalizable under GAAP are expensed in the period they occur. Stock-Based Compensation We account for stock-based compensation under ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), which requires us to expense the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. This expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period following the date of grant. For non-vested share awards that vest over a predetermined time period, we use the10- day volume weighted average price using the 10 trading days ending on the grant date. For non-vested share awards that vest based on market conditions, we use a Monte Carlo simulation (risk-neutral approach) to determine the value of each tranche. The unrecognized compensation relating to awards under our stock incentive plan will be amortized to general and administrative expense over the awards’ remaining vesting periods. Vesting periods for award of equity instruments range from zero to four years. See Note 15—Stock-Based Compensation for further information related to the stock-based compensation. Earnings Per Share Earnings per share (”EPS”) is calculated in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share”. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the additional dilution for all potentially-dilutive securities including those from our stock incentive plan. F - 15 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) See Note 14—Earnings Per Share for the detailed EPS calculation. Underwriting Commissions and Offering Costs Underwriting commissions and offering costs incurred in connection with common stock offerings are reflected as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. Costs incurred that are not directly associated with the completion of a common stock offering are expensed when incurred. Concentrations of Credit Risk As of December 31, 2018, all of our real estate holdings (other than VICI Golf) are currently leased by us to CEOC or other affiliates of Caesars, and most of our revenues are derived from the Lease Agreements that we have with CEOC or other affiliates of Caesars. Additionally, our properties on the Las Vegas Strip generated approximately 36% of our lease revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018. Other than having a single tenant from which we will derive most of our revenue and our concentration in the Las Vegas market, we do not believe there are any other significant concentrations of credit risk. On November 13, 2018, we entered into definitive agreements to acquire from affiliates of JACK Entertainment LLC all of the land and real estate assets associated with Greektown located in Detroit, Michigan, for $700.0 million in cash, and an affiliate of Penn National has agreed to acquire the operating assets of Greektown for $300.0 million in cash (together, the “Greektown Acquisition”). Additionally, on January 2, 2019 we completed the previously disclosed transaction to acquire the Margaritaville Resort Casino located in Bossier City, Louisiana, with Penn National . These transactions will result in us having a more diversified tenant base. Note 3 — Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13 - Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - August 2018: The amendments in the update remove, modify and add certain fair value disclosures as a broader initiative to improve the effectiveness of financial disclosures. The ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures upon issuance of this ASU. In 2018 we elected to early adopt this ASU, which resulted in no material changes to our fair value disclosures. ASU No. 2017-12 - Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - August 2017: The amendments refine and expand hedge accounting for both financial (e.g., interest rate) and commodity risks. Its provisions create more transparency around how economic results are presented, both on the face of the financial statements and in the footnotes. It also makes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance. The transition guidance provides the option of early adoption using a modified retrospective transition method in any interim period after issuance of the update, or alternatively requires adoption for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. We adopted this guidance in the quarter ended June 30, 2018 in connection with the cash flow hedges that we entered into in April 2018. Since we did not hold any derivatives prior to implementation of this guidance, the adoption had no impact on our Financial Statements. ASU No. 2016-13 - Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) - June 2016 (as amended through November 2018): This amended guidance changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments, including direct financing leases, that are not measured at fair value through net income. The guidance replaces the current “incurred loss” model with an “expected loss” approach, which will generally result in earlier recognition of allowance for losses. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted after December 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting the new standard and have determined that, upon adoption, we will be required to estimate and record credit losses related to our investments in deferred financing leases. F - 16 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) ASU No. 2016-02 - Leases (Topic 842) - February 2016 (as amended through December 2018): The amended guidance requires most lease obligations to be recognized as a right-of-use asset with a corresponding liability on the balance sheet. The guidance also requires additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The guidance should be implemented for the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach, which includes optional practical expedients primarily focused on leases that commence before the effective date. We plan to elect to use such practical expedients upon adoption on January 1, 2019. We are currently finalizing our evaluation of the impact of adopting this new standard on our Financial Statements but do not expect the adoption of the new guidance to have a material impact on the accounting treatment of our triple-net tenant leases, which are the primary source of our revenues. However, upon adoption, we anticipate that certain initial direct costs associated with the execution of lease agreements such as legal fees and transaction costs will no longer be capitalizable and will instead be expensed in the period incurred. Additionally, pursuant to ASU 2018-20, tenant reimbursements of property taxes will be presented on a net basis, as the lessor pays for such costs directly. Finally, we anticipate that long-term leases entered into or modified subsequent to our adoption will be considered sales-type leases, as defined in ASC 842. The accounting for a sales-type lease is substantially consistent with that of the current accounting for our deferred financing leases. If we enter into future sale-lease back transactions with Caesars or other operators and the lease is determined to be a sales-type lease under ASC 842, we will be required to account for such transaction as a financing receivable. In relation to certain leases for which we are the lessee, such as the ground lease on the Cascata golf course, upon adoption we will be required to record a right of use asset and corresponding lease liability on our balance sheet. We do not anticipate a material change to our lease expense as a result of the change in accounting as such expense will still be recorded on a straight-line basis. ASU No. 2014-09 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers - May 2014 (amended January 2017): The new guidance is intended to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for GAAP applicable to revenue transactions. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those reporting periods. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018. There was no material impact on our Financial Statements as the majority of our revenue recognition policies was not impacted by the new standard, as leases, which represent the substantial majority of our revenues, were excluded from the new guidance. The adoption of this guidance did not change the timing or process in which we recognize golf revenue. Note 4 — Fresh-Start Reporting On the Formation Date, we adopted fresh-start reporting in accordance with provisions of ASC 852. In the application of fresh start accounting, we allocated the enterprise value to the fair value of assets and liabilities in conformity with the guidance for the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations under ASC 805. The amount remaining after allocation of the enterprise value to the fair value of identified tangible and intangible assets and liabilities, if any, would be reflected as goodwill and subject to periodic evaluation for impairment. In addition to fresh start accounting, our Financial Statements reflect all effects of the transactions contemplated by the Plan of Reorganization. Under ASC 852, fresh-start reporting is required upon emergence from Chapter 11 if (i) the value of the assets of the emerging entity immediately before the date of confirmation is less than the total of all post-petition liabilities and allowed claims; and (ii) holders of existing voting shares immediately before confirmation receive less than 50% of the voting shares of the emerging entity. Accordingly, we qualified for and adopted fresh-start reporting as of October 6, 2017. Adopting fresh-start reporting results in a new reporting entity with no beginning retained earnings or deficits. It also includes the issuance of new shares of the reorganized entity caused by change of control under ASC 852. F - 17 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) The net book value of the real estate assets contributed to us by CEOC under the Plan of Reorganization was $4.8 billion. Based upon the analysis we completed with the assistance of outside third-party valuation experts, we concluded the fair value of these assets were $8.3 billion, net of non-controlling interests related to the Joliet facilities of $83.0 million. Real estate assets were valued using an income approach and, more specifically, the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) technique. Future lease payments for the properties were modeled according to the terms contained in the initial Lease Agreements. Although we believe the length of the leases with CEOC will extend to the full thirty-five years lease term (assuming the exercise of tenant renewal options) per the initial Lease Agreements, the real property valuation analysis contemplates typical market participant oriented nine- and fourteen-year hold periods as a best methodology to estimate the value of the cash flow during the full term of the lease. Appropriate expenses were estimated and deducted from the future contract rent to derive expected future cash flows. Terminal or reversion values are calculated for both hold period scenarios based on estimated market terminal capitalization rates. The DCF technique estimates value by discounting back to present value the anticipated future cash flows for the interim periods in the DCF model plus the present value of the terminal values using an appropriate discount rate. The discount rate was derived based upon a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”). The WACC was estimated based upon observations of a peer group of guideline companies whose stock was publicly traded on recognized exchanges as such guideline companies were considered comparable to us. Factors considered in deriving a WACC included general market rates of return at the valuation date, business risks associated with the industry in which VICI operates, and other specific risk factors deemed appropriate. An estimated discount rate of 9.0% was selected as a base rate for all properties. Individual property discount rates were then adjusted based on the specific additional aforementioned risk factors and, once adjusted, ranged from 7.5% to 17.5%. F - 18 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) The following fresh-start balance sheet illustrates the financial effects of the implementation of the Plan and the adoption of fresh-start reporting. It reflects the effect of the completion of the transactions included in the Plan, including the issuance of equity and the contribution of properties. (In thousands) Assets Real estate portfolio: Investments in direct financing leases, net Investments in operating leases Property and equipment used in operations, net Cash and cash equivalents Other assets Total assets Liabilities Debt Deferred income taxes Accounts payable and accrued expenses Total liabilities Redeemable preferred stock Stockholders’ Equity Common stock Additional paid-in capital Total VICI stockholders’ equity Non-controlling interests Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity Fair Value as of Formation Date (October 6, 2017) $ $ $ $ 7,124,000 1,184,000 75,000 55,771 681 8,439,452 4,917,000 5,631 149 4,922,780 759,000 1,772 2,672,900 2,674,672 83,000 2,757,672 8,439,452 F - 19 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) Note 5 — Property Transactions 2018 Transactions Our significant activities in 2018, in reverse chronological order, are as follows: Purchase of Harrah’s Philadelphia and Octavius Tower On December 26, 2018 we completed the previously announced transaction with Caesars to acquire all of the land and real estate assets associated with Harrah’s Philadelphia Casino and Racetrack (“Harrah’s Philadelphia”) from Caesars for $241.5 million, which purchase price was reduced by $159.0 million to reflect the aggregate net present value of the modifications to the Caesars Lease Agreements (as further described below and in Note 6 - Real Estate Investments), resulting in cash consideration of approximately $82.5 million. In addition, on July 11, 2018, we completed the previously announced transaction with Caesars to acquire, and lease back, all of the land and real estate assets associated with the Octavius Tower at Caesars Palace (“Octavius Tower”) for a purchase price of $507.5 million in cash. Octavius Tower is operated pursuant to the CPLV Lease Agreement, as amended, which provides for annual rent with respect to Octavius Tower of $35.0 million payable in equal consecutive monthly installments and has an initial term that expires on October 31, 2032, with four five-year renewal options. In connection with the closing of the acquisition of Harrah’s Philadelphia, each of the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and the CPLV Lease Agreement were amended to, among other things, include Harrah’s Philadelphia and Octavius Tower, respectively, and Caesars will continue to operate both properties under the terms of such leases as amended. The amendment to the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement provided for an additional $21.0 million in annual rent for Harrah’s Philadelphia, which is subject to the amended provisions of the lease. The HLV Lease Agreement and the Joliet Lease Agreement were modified at such time to achieve consistency with the other Lease Agreements. Refer to Note 6 - Real Estate Portfolio for a summary of the terms of the modified leases. Purchase of Greektown On November 13, 2018, we entered into definitive agreements to acquire from affiliates of JACK Entertainment LLC all of the land and real estate assets associated with Greektown, for $700.0 million in cash. Simultaneous with the closing of the Greektown Acquisition, the Company will enter into a triple-net lease agreement for Greektown with a subsidiary of Penn National. The lease will have an initial total annual rent of $55.6 million and an initial term of 15 years, with four five-year tenant renewal options. The tenant’s obligations under the lease will be guaranteed by Penn National and certain of its subsidiaries. The transaction is expected to close mid-2019 and is subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions. We can provide no assurances that the acquisition of Greektown will be consummated on the terms or timeframe described herein, or at all. Purchase of Margaritaville Resort Casino On June 18, 2018, we entered into definitive agreements to acquire (i) the land and real estate assets of the Margaritaville Resort Casino, located in Bossier City, Louisiana, for $261.1 million and (ii) concurrently with the closing of the transaction, triple-net lease the property to a subsidiary of Penn National. The lease has an initial annual rent of $23.2 million and an initial term of 15 years, with four five-year renewal options. The tenant’s obligations under the lease are guaranteed by Penn National and certain of its subsidiaries. We subsequently closed on the acquisition of Margaritaville Resort Casino on January 2, 2019. 2017 Transactions Our significant activities in 2017, in reverse chronological order, are as follows: Purchase of Harrah’s Las Vegas Real Estate In December 2017, we completed a transaction with Caesars, pursuant to which we acquired all of the land and F - 20 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) real property improvements associated with the property commonly known as Harrah’s Las Vegas Hotel & Casino (“Harrah’s Las Vegas” or “HLV”) for a purchase price of $1.1 billion. At closing, we entered into the HLV Lease Agreement, whereby Caesars leased back Harrah’s Las Vegas from us. Under the terms of the HLV Lease Agreement, Caesars is responsible for ongoing costs relating to the property, including property taxes, insurance, and maintenance and repair costs that arise from the use of the property and are required to continue to invest in the property and related equipment. The HLV Lease Agreement has an initial 15-year term with four five-year renewal terms exercisable at the option of the lessee (subject to certain conditions) and provides for a fixed base rent for each of the first seven years of the lease term equal to $87.4 million annually. We accounted for this transaction as a direct financing lease on our Balance Sheet. Sale of Eastside Property In December 2017, we sold the Eastside Property to Caesars for $73.6 million. Pursuant to this agreement, Caesars is responsible for the remediation of the flood plain mechanism on the Eastside Property. The costs of the remediation work will be borne fifty percent (50%) by us and fifty percent (50%) by Caesars, pari passu, until such time as the total cost incurred in connection with the remediation work is equal to $12.0 million. Any costs in excess of $12.0 million incurred in connection with the remediation work shall be the sole responsibility of Caesars. Due to the put/call option on the land parcels, as described below, it was determined that the transaction does not meet the requirements of a completed sale for accounting purposes. As a result, at December 31, 2017, we reclassified $73.6 million from Investment in operating leases to Land. Additionally, we recorded a $73.6 million Deferred financing liability on our Balance Sheet. Put/Call Agreement The Caesars Forum Convention Center is currently being constructed on the Eastside Property. Accordingly, we entered into a put/call agreement with Caesars, which provides both parties with certain rights and obligations including: (i) a put right in favor of Caesars, which, if exercised, would result in the sale by Caesars to us and simultaneous leaseback by us to Caesars of the Caesars Forum Convention Center (the “Put Right”); (ii) if Caesars exercises the Put Right and, among other things, the sale of the Caesars Forum Convention Center to us does not close for certain reasons more particularly described in the put/call agreement, then a repurchase right in favor of Caesars, which, if exercised, would result in the sale of Harrah’s Las Vegas by us to Caesars; and (iii) a call right in our favor, which, if exercised, would result in the sale by Caesars to us and simultaneous leaseback by us to Caesars of the Caesars Forum Convention Center. Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal Agreement Simultaneously with the sale of the Eastside Property, we also entered into an Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal Agreement with Caesars pursuant to which we will have a right, subject to certain exclusions, (i) to acquire (and lease to Caesars) any of the gaming facilities of Centaur Holdings, LLC, which was acquired by Caesars in the third quarter of 2018, (ii) to acquire (and lease to Caesars) any domestic gaming facilities located outside of the Gaming Enterprise District of Clark County, Nevada, proposed to be acquired or developed by Caesars, and (iii) to acquire certain income-producing improvements if built by Caesars in lieu of the Caesars Forum Convention Center on the Eastside Property, subject to certain exclusions. The Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal Agreement also contains a right of first refusal in favor of Caesars, pursuant to which Caesars will have the right to lease and manage any domestic gaming facility located outside of Greater Las Vegas, proposed to be acquired or developed by us that is not: (i) any asset that is then subject to a pre-existing lease, management agreement or other contractual restriction that was not entered into in contemplation of such acquisition or development and which (x) was entered into on arms’ length terms and (y) would not be terminated upon or prior to closing of such transaction, (ii) any transaction for which the opco/ propco structure would be prohibited by applicable laws, rules or regulations or which would require governmental consent, approval, license or authorization (unless already received), (iii) any transaction structured by the seller F - 21 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) as a sale-leaseback, (iv) any transaction in which we and/or our affiliates will not own at least 50% of, or control, the entity that will own the gaming facility, and (v) any transaction in which we or our affiliates propose to acquire a then-existing gaming facility from ourselves or our affiliates. In the event that the foregoing rights are not exercised by us or Caesars and CEOC, as applicable, each party will have the right to consummate the subject transaction without the other’s involvement, provided the same is on terms no more favorable to the counterparty than those presented to us or Caesars and CEOC, as applicable, for consummating such transaction. In December 2018, we entered into the Second Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal Agreement which replaced the Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal Agreement and, among other things, provided us with the right to acquire from Caesars, under certain circumstances, certain undeveloped land adjacent to the Las Vegas Strip. Option Properties Call Right Agreements On the Formation Date, we entered into certain call right agreements, which provide us with the opportunity to acquire Harrah’s Atlantic City, Harrah’s New Orleans and Harrah’s Laughlin from Caesars. We can exercise the call rights within five years from the Formation Date by delivering a request to the applicable owner of the property containing evidence of our ability to finance the call right. The purchase price for each property will be 10 multiplied by the initial property lease rent for the respective property, with the initial property lease rent for each property being the amount that causes the ratio of (x) EBITDAR of the property for the most recently ended four-quarter period for which financial statements are available to (y) the initial property lease rent to equal 1.67. Note 6 — Real Estate Portfolio Our real estate portfolio consisted of the following as of December 31, 2018 and 2017: (In thousands) Minimum lease payments receivable under direct financing leases (1) Estimated residual values of leased property (unguaranteed) Gross investment in direct financing leases Unamortized initial direct costs Less: Unearned income Net investment in direct financing leases, net Investment in operating leases (2) Land (3) Total Real estate portfolio December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 $ 27,285,943 $ 2,135,312 29,421,255 22,822 (20,528,030) 8,916,047 1,086,658 95,789 $ 10,098,494 $ 29,302,166 1,987,651 31,289,817 — (23,021,174) 8,268,643 1,110,400 73,600 9,452,643 ____________________ (1) Minimum lease payments do not include contingent rent, as discussed below, that may be received under the Lease Agreements. (2) Represents portion of land separately classified and accounted for under the operating lease model associated with our investment in Caesars Palace Las Vegas and certain operating land parcels contained in the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement. (3) Represents our investment in the Eastside Property and certain non-operating, de minimis land parcels contained in the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement. Refer to Note 5 —Property Transactions in relation to the Eastside Property and “Loss on impairment” below for further information on the non-operating de minimis land parcels. F - 22 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) The following table details the components of our income from direct financing and operating leases: (In thousands) Income from direct financing leases Income from operating leases Total leasing revenue Less: Direct financing lease adjustment (1) Total contractual leasing revenue Year Ended December 31, 2018 Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 $ $ 741,564 $ 47,972 789,536 (45,404) 744,132 $ 150,171 11,529 161,700 (8,443) 153,257 ____________________ (1) Amounts represent the non-cash adjustment to income from direct financing leases in order to recognize income on an effective interest basis at a constant rate of return over the term of the leases as well as the amortization of capitalized transaction and leasing costs. At December 31, 2018, minimum lease payments owed to us for each of the five succeeding years under direct financing and operating leases are as follows: (In thousands) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total Minimum Lease Payments (1) 795,467 807,283 819,288 831,922 846,042 24,662,875 28,762,877 $ $ ____________________ (1) Minimum lease payments do not include contingent rent, as discussed below, that may be received under the Lease Agreements. The weighted average remaining lease term, including renewal options, for both operating and direct financing leases at December 31, 2018 was 33.7 years. Caesars Lease Agreements - Overview On December 26, 2018, in connection with the closing of the acquisition of Harrah’s Philadelphia, each of the Caesars Lease Agreements were amended to better align our interests with that of our tenant Caesars. Pursuant to the amended lease agreements, the provisions regarding the Escalators for the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and Joliet Lease Agreement were amended so that the rent escalation commenced effective as of November 1, 2018. F - 23 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) The following is a summary of the material lease provisions of our Caesars Lease Agreements prior to amendment and as amended: ($ In thousands) Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and Joliet Lease Agreement (1) CPLV Lease Agreement Lease Provision (2) Initial Term Renewal Terms Initial Base Rent (3) Escalator commencement Prior to Amendment As Amended Prior to Amendment 15 years 15 years Four, five-year terms Four, five-year terms $472,925 $493,925 Lease year six Lease year two 15 years Four, five- year terms $165,000 Lease year two As Amended 15 years Four, five- year terms $200,000 Lease year two HLV Lease Agreement (7) Prior to Amendment and as Amended 15 years Four, five- year terms $87,400 Lease year two Lease years 2-5 - 1% Lease Years 6-15 - Consumer price index subject to 2% floor 1.6x commencing lease year 6 Consumer price index subject to 2% floor Consumer price index subject to 2% floor None 1.7x commencing lease year 8 Lease years 8 and 11 Lease years 8 and 11 Lease years 8 and 11 80% Base Rent and 20% Variable Rent 80% Base Rent and 20% Variable Rent 80% Base Rent and 20% Variable Rent Lease years 2-5 - 1.5% Lease Years 6-15 - Consumer price index subject to 2% floor 1.2x commencing lease year 8 Lease years 8 and 11 Lease years 8-10 - 70% Base Rent and 30% Variable Rent Lease years 11-15- 80% Base Rent and 20% Variable Rent Escalator (4) Consumer price index subject to 2% floor EBITDAR to Rent Ratio floor (5) None Variable Rent commencement/reset Lease years 8 and 11 Lease years 8-10 - 70% Base Rent and 30% Variable Rent Lease years 11-15- 80% Base Rent and 20% Variable Rent Lease years 8-10 - 19.5% Lease years 11-15 - 13% Variable Rent split (6) Variable Rent percentage (6) 4% 13% 4% 4% ____________________ (1) With respect to the Joliet Lease Agreement, we are entitled to receive 80% of the rent thereunder pursuant to the operating agreement of our joint venture, Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC. (2) All capitalized terms used without definition herein have the meanings detailed in the applicable Caesars Lease Agreement. (3) The base rents of the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and CPLV Lease Agreement were adjusted by $21.0 million and $35.0 million, respectively, to incorporate the base rent for Harrah’s Philadelphia and Octavius Tower, respectively. The additional $35.0 million of rent for Octavius Tower is not subject to the Escalator. (4) Any amounts representing rents in excess of the CPI floors specified above are considered contingent rent in accordance with GAAP. No such rent has been recognized for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. (5) In the event that the EBITDAR to Rent Ratio coverage is below the stated floor, the Escalator of the respective Caesars Lease Agreements will be reduced to such amount to achieve the stated EBITDAR to Rent Ratio coverage, provided that the amount shall never result in a decrease to the prior year’s rent. (6) Variable Rent is not subject to the Escalator and is calculated based on the increase or decrease of Net Revenues, as defined in the Caesars Lease Agreements, multiplied by the Variable Rent percentage. (7) No material modifications to the HLV Lease Agreement occurred as a result of the amendments to the Caesars Lease Agreements. F - 24 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) As a result of the amendments, the purchase price of Harrah’s Philadelphia was reduced by $159.0 million to reflect the aggregate net present value of the modifications to the Caesars Lease Agreements. Additionally, the rent of the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement and CPLV Lease Agreement was adjusted by $21.0 million and $35.0 million, per annum respectively, to incorporate the rent for Harrah’s Philadelphia and Octavius Tower, respectively. Margaritaville Lease Agreement - Overview Subsequent to year end, on January 2, 2019, we completed the previously announced transaction to acquire the Margaritaville Resort Casino. The following is a summary of the material lease provisions of our lease with a subsidiary of Penn National which commenced on January 2, 2019, the date of acquisition: ($ In thousands) Lease Provision Initial term Renewal terms Building base rent Escalation commencement Escalation EBITDAR to rent ratio floor (1) Land base rent (2) Percentage rent (3) Term 15 years Four, five-year terms $17,200 Lease year two 2% of Building Base rent, subject to the EBITDAR to rent ratio floor 1.9x commencing lease year two $3,000 $3,000 (fixed for lease year one and two) Percentage rent reset Lease year three and each and every other lease year thereafter Percentage rent multiplier The product of (i) 4% and (ii) the excess (if any) of (a) the average annual net revenue of a trailing two-year period preceding such reset year over (b) a threshold amount (defined as 50% of LTM net revenues prior to acquisition) ____________________ (1) In the event that the EBITDAR to rent ratio coverage is below the stated floor, the escalation will be reduced to such amount to achieve the stated EBITDAR to rent ratio coverage, provided that the amount shall never result in a decrease to the prior year’s rent. (2) Land base rent is not subject to escalation. (3) Percentage rent is subject to the percentage rent multiplier. Loss on Impairment We assess our real estate portfolio for impairment on a quarterly basis or whenever certain events or changes in circumstances indicate a possible impairment of the carrying value of the asset. Events or circumstances that may occur include changes in management’s intended holding period or potential sale to a third party, significant changes in real estate market conditions or tenant financial difficulties resulting in non-payment of the lease. Impairments are measured as the amount by which the current book value of the asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. On the Formation Date, CEOC transferred certain vacant, non-operating land parcels to us which are subject to the provisions of the Non-CPLV Lease Agreement. The Non-CPLV Lease Agreement allows for the sale of these vacant, non-operating land parcels without Caesars consent since they are specifically identified as de minimis to the operations of Caesars. All of the land parcels are located outside of Las Vegas and none of the land parcels are a component of the operations of our regional property portfolio. These vacant parcels of land had a fair value of $34.7 million on the Formation Date and were included in Investments in operating leases on our Balance Sheet. We undertook a short-term strategic initiative to monetize certain of these vacant, non-operating land parcels. In relation to this initiative, we sold one land parcel in the quarter ended September 30, 2018 and are actively engaged in negotiations with buyers on two other parcels of land. Based on the sales prices that were or are being negotiated, we determined that the fair value of these three land parcels was lower than their current carrying values and F - 25 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) recognized an impairment charge of $6.3 million, based on the anticipated sales prices. As a result of the identified impairment on these three parcels of land, we undertook an evaluation to assess whether indicators of impairment were present on the remaining vacant, non-operating land parcels. We used a sales comparison approach to determine the fair value of the remaining vacant, non-operating land parcels and identified $6.0 million in additional impairment charges. The impairment loss recorded was the result of various factors including changes in market conditions, strategic assessment and environmental and zoning issues that were identified during the sales process. Taking into account the impairment charge recognized during the year ended December 31, 2018 and the sale of one of the parcels that occurred during the year, the current carrying value of the vacant, non-operating land parcels is $22.2 million as of December 31, 2018. In the current year we reclassified the remaining $22.2 million carrying value of the vacant, non-operating land from Investments in operating leases to Land. As of December 31, 2018, the balance of Land consists of $22.2 million representing the vacant, non-operating land and $73.6 million representing the Eastside Property. Note 7 — Property and Equipment Used in Operations, Net Property and equipment used in operations is primarily attributable to golf operations land, building and improvements and consists of the following: (In thousands) Land and land improvements Buildings and improvements Furniture and equipment Total property and equipment used in operations Less: accumulated depreciation Total property and equipment used in operations, net (In thousands) Depreciation expense Note 8 — Other Liabilities December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 58,573 $ 14,572 2,805 75,950 (4,437) 71,513 $ 57,901 14,572 2,578 75,051 (751) 74,300 Year Ended December 31, 2018 3,686 Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 751 $ $ $ $ The following table details the components of our other liabilities: (In thousands) Other accrued expenses Derivative liability Accrued payroll and other compensation Deferred income taxes Accounts payable Total other liabilities December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 30,951 22,124 4,934 3,340 1,057 $ 62,406 $ 2,796 — 2,559 3,718 5,207 14,280 F - 26 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) Note 9 — Debt The following tables detail our debt obligations as of December 31, 2018 and 2017: ($ in thousands) Description of Debt VICI PropCo Senior Secured Credit Facilities Revolving Credit Facility(2)(3) Term Loan B Facility(3)(4)(5) Second Lien Notes(6) CPLV Debt December 31, 2018 Final Maturity Interest Rate Face Value Carrying Value(1) 2022 2024 2023 L + 2.00% $ — $ — L + 2.00% 2,100,000 2,073,784 8.00% 498,480 498,480 CMBS Debt (the “CPLV CMBS Debt”) (7) 2022 4.36% 1,550,000 1,550,000 Total Debt ($ in thousands) Description of Debt VICI PropCo Senior Secured Credit Facilities Revolving Credit Facility(2)(3) Term Loan B Facility(3)(4)(5) Second Lien Notes(6) CPLV Debt $ 4,148,480 $ 4,122,264 December 31, 2017 Final Maturity Interest Rate Face Value Carrying Value(1) 2022 2024 2023 L + 2.25% $ 300,000 $ 300,000 L + 2.25% 2,200,000 2,168,864 8.00% 766,892 766,892 CMBS Debt (the “CPLV CMBS Debt”) (7) 2022 4.36% 1,550,000 1,550,000 Total Debt ____________________ $ 4,816,892 $ 4,785,756 (1) Carrying value is net of unamortized original issue discount and unamortized debt issuance costs incurred in conjunction with debt. Interest on any outstanding balance is payable monthly. Any unused balance is subject to a 0.5% commitment fee paid quarterly. (2) Initially bore interest at LIBOR plus 2.25%. Upon our initial public offering, on February 5, 2018, the interest rate was reduced to LIBOR (3) plus 2.00%. Interest is payable monthly. On April 24, 2018, we entered into four interest rate swap agreements with third party financial institutions having an aggregate notional amount of $1.5 billion. The interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges that effectively fix the LIBOR component of the interest rate on a portion of the outstanding debt at 2.8297%. (4) (5) Final maturity is December 2024 or, to the extent the Second Lien Notes remain outstanding, July 2023 (three months prior to the maturity of the Second Lien Notes). Interest is payable semi-annually. Interest is payable monthly. (6) (7) The following is a schedule of future minimum repayments of our long-term debt as of December 31, 2018: (Dollars in thousands) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total minimum repayments Future Minimum Payments $ $ — — — 1,560,000 520,480 2,068,000 4,148,480 F - 27 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) The following table summarizes our debt related transactions from the Formation Date to December 31, 2018: Face Value (In thousands) Debt At Formation Mandatory Conversion Refinancing Transactions Debt at December 31, 2017 IPO Transaction Debt at December 31, 2018 $ — $ — $ 300,000 $ 300,000 2,200,000 2,200,000 $ (300,000) $ (100,000) — 2,100,000 1,638,387 — (1,638,387) 311,721 766,892 (311,721) — — — 766,892 — — (268,412) — — 498,480 Description of Debt VICI PropCo Senior Secured Credit Facilities Revolving Credit Facility Term Loan B Facility First Lien Term Loan (“Prior Term Loan”) First Priority Senior Secured Notes (“Prior First Lien Notes”) Second Lien Notes CPLV Debt CPLV CMBS Debt 1,550,000 CPLV Mezzanine Debt Senior tranche 200,000 Intermediate tranche Junior tranche 200,000 250,000 — — — — — (250,000) — 1,550,000 — 1,550,000 (200,000) (200,000) — — — — — — — — — — $ (668,412) $ 4,148,480 Total Debt $4,917,000 $ (250,000) $ 149,892 $ 4,816,892 Senior Secured Credit Facilities On December 22. 2017, VICI PropCo entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) comprised of a $2.2 billion Term Loan B Facility and a $400.0 million Revolving Credit Facility, $300.0 million of which was borrowed on December 22, 2017 (the Term Loan B Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility are referred to together as the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities”). The Senior Secured Credit Facilities initially bore interest at LIBOR plus 2.25%. Upon our initial public offering, on February 5, 2018, the interest rate was reduced to LIBOR plus 2.00%, as contemplated by the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement contains customary covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of VICI PropCo and its restricted subsidiaries to: (i) incur additional indebtedness; (ii) merge with a third party or engage in other fundamental changes; (iii) make restricted payments; (iv) enter into, create, incur or assume any liens; (v) make certain sales and other dispositions of assets; (vi) enter into certain transactions with affiliates; (vii) make certain payments on certain other indebtedness; (viii) make certain investments; and (ix) incur restrictions on the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make certain distributions, loans or transfers of assets to VICI PropCo or any restricted subsidiary. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications, including, with respect to the restricted payments covenant, the ability to make unlimited restricted payments to maintain our REIT status and to avoid the payment of federal or state income or excise tax, the ability to make restricted payments in an amount not to exceed 95% of our Funds from Operations (as defined in the Credit Agreement) subject to no event of default under the Credit Agreement and pro forma compliance with the financial covenant pursuant to the Credit Agreement, and the ability to make additional restricted payments in an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of 0.6% of Adjusted Total Assets or $30,000,000. Commencing with the first full fiscal quarter ended after December 22, 2017, if the outstanding amount of the Revolving Credit Facility plus any drawings under letters of credit issued pursuant to the Credit Agreement that have not been reimbursed as of the end of any fiscal quarter exceeds 30%, F - 28 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) of the aggregate amount of the Revolving Credit Facility, VICI PropCo and its restricted subsidiaries on a consolidated basis would be required to maintain a maximum Total Net Debt to Adjusted Total Assets Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement as of the last day of any applicable fiscal quarter. The restricted net assets of VICI PropCo as of December 31, 2018 were approximately $5.8 billion. The Senior Secured Credit Facilities are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of VICI PropCo’s and its existing and subsequently acquired wholly-owned material domestic restricted subsidiaries’ material assets, including mortgages on their respective real estate, subject to customary exclusions. None of VICI nor certain subsidiaries of VICI PropCo, including CPLV Borrower, are subject to the covenants of the Credit Agreement or are guarantors of the Senior Secured Credit Facilities. The Term B Loan Facility may be voluntarily prepaid at VICI PropCo’s option, in whole or in part, at any time, and are subject to mandatory prepayment in the event of receipt by VICI PropCo or any of its restricted subsidiaries of the proceeds from the occurrence of certain events, including asset sales, casualty events and issuance of certain indebtedness. On February 5, 2018, we completed an initial public offering resulting in net proceeds of approximately $1.3 billion. We used a portion of those proceeds to pay down the $300.0 million outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility and to repay $100.0 million of the principal amount outstanding on the Term Loan B Facility. Under the Credit Agreement, the Term Loan B Facility is subject to amortization of 1.0% of principal per annum payable in equal quarterly installments on the last business day of each calendar quarter. However, as a result of prepaying $100.0 million of the Term Loan B Facility in February 2018 the next principal payment due on the Term Loan B Facility is September 2022. Refer to Note 10— Derivatives for a discussion of our interest rate swap agreements related to the Term Loan B Facility. CPLV CMBS Debt The CPLV CMBS Debt was incurred on October 6, 2017 pursuant to a loan agreement (the “CMBS Loan Agreement”), and is secured by a first priority lien on all of the assets of CPLV Property Owner LLC, as borrower (“CPLV Borrower”), including CPLV Borrower’s (1) fee interest (except as provided in (2)) in and to Caesars Palace Las Vegas (on the Formation Date other than Octavius Tower), (2) leasehold interest with respect to Octavius Tower on the Formation Date, and (3) interest in the CPLV Lease Agreement and all related agreements, including the Lease Agreements, subject only to certain permitted encumbrances as set forth in the CMBS Loan Agreement. The CPLV CMBS Debt bears interest at 4.36% per annum. The CPLV CMBS Debt is evidenced by one or more promissory notes and secured by, among other things, a mortgage, deed of trust or other similar security instrument that creates a mortgage lien on the fee and/or leasehold interest of the CPLV Borrower. The CMBS Loan Agreement contains certain covenants limiting CPLV Borrower’s ability to, among other things: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) enter into certain transactions with its affiliates; (iii) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of its assets; and (iv) allow transfers of its direct or indirect equity interests. Second Lien Notes The Second Lien Notes were issued on October 6, 2017, pursuant to an indenture (the “Indenture”) by and among VICI PropCo and its wholly owned subsidiary, VICI FC Inc. (together, the “Issuers”), the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, and UMB Bank National Association, as trustee. The Second Lien Notes are guaranteed by each of the Issuers’ existing and subsequently acquired wholly-owned material domestic restricted subsidiaries and secured by a second priority lien on substantially all of the Issuers’ and such restricted subsidiaries’ material assets, including mortgages on their respective real estate, subject to customary exclusions. None of VICI nor certain subsidiaries of VICI PropCo, including CPLV Borrower, are subject to the covenants of the Indenture or are guarantors of the Second Lien Notes. The Indenture contains covenants that limit the Issuers’ and their restricted subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of their capital stock or make other restricted payments; (iii) make certain investments; (iv) sell certain assets; (v) create or permit to F - 29 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) exist dividend and/or payment restrictions affecting their restricted subsidiaries; (vi) create liens on certain assets to secure debt; (vii) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets; (viii) enter into certain transactions with their affiliates; and (ix) designate their subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications, including the ability to declare or pay any cash dividend or make any cash distribution to VICI to the extent necessary for VICI to distribute cash dividends of 100% of our “real estate investment trust taxable income” within the meaning of Section 857(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the ability to make certain restricted payments not to exceed the amount of our cumulative earnings (calculated pursuant to the Indenture as $30,000,000 plus 95% of our cumulative Adjusted Funds From Operations (as defined in the Indenture) less cumulative distributions, with certain other adjustments), and the ability to make restricted payments in an amount equal to the greater of 0.6% of Adjusted Total Assets (as defined in the Indenture) or$30,000,000. The Second Lien Notes are redeemable at the option of the Issuers, with the option to redeem up to 35% of the original aggregate principal amount thereof with the net cash proceeds of certain issuances of common or preferred equity by VICI PropCo or VICI, at a price equal to 108% of such principal amount of the Second Lien Notes redeemed. In February 2018, we used a portion of the proceeds from our initial public offering to redeem $268.4 million of the Second Lien Notes, which represented 35% of the original aggregate principal amount, at a redemption price of 108% plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. Due to the partial redemption of the Second Lien Notes, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $23.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018, the majority of which relates to the premium paid on the redemption price. Mandatory Conversion The CPLV mezzanine debt junior tranche of $250.0 million was automatically exchanged for 17,630,700 shares of the Company’s common stock on November 6, 2017. Refer to Note 13 - Stockholders' Equity for further information on the mandatory conversion. Financial Covenants As described above, our debt obligations are subject to certain customary financial and protective covenants that restrict VICI PropCo and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt, sell certain asset and restrict certain payments, among other things. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications, including the ability to make restricted payments to maintain our REIT status. At December 31, 2018, we are in compliance with all required covenants under our debt obligations. Note 10 — Derivatives On April 24, 2018, we entered into four interest rate swap agreements with third party financial institutions having an aggregate notional amount of $1.5 billion. The interest rate swap transactions are designated as cash flow hedges that effectively fix the LIBOR component of the interest rate on a portion of the outstanding debt under the Term Loan B Facility at 2.8297%. The following table details our outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk: ($ in thousands) Instrument December 31, 2018 Number of Instruments Fixed Rate Notional Interest Rate Swaps 4 2.8297% $1,500,000 F - 30 Index USD LIBOR Maturity April 22, 2023 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) As of December 31, 2018, the interest rate swaps are in net unrealized loss positions and are recognized within Other liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2018 the amount recorded in other comprehensive income related to the derivative instruments was an unrealized loss of $22.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded interest expense of $6.3 million related to the interest rate swap agreements. Subsequent to year end, on January 3, 2019, we entered into two additional interest rate swap transactions having an aggregate notional amount of $500.0 million. These interest rate swap transactions each have an effective date of January 22, 2019 and a termination date of January 22, 2021 and are intended to be cash flow hedges that effectively fix for two years, at a blended rate of 2.38%, the LIBOR component of the interest rate on $500.0 million of the outstanding debt under the Term Loan B Facility. Subsequent to the effectiveness and for the duration of the interest rate swap transactions, the Company is only subject to interest rate risk on $100.0 million of variable rate debt. Note 11 — Fair Value Recurring Fair Value Measurements The following table summarizes our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: (In thousands) December 31, 2018 Fair Value Carrying Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Financial assets: Short-term investments (1) Financial liabilities: Derivative instruments - interest rate swaps (2) $ $ 520,877 $ — $ 520,877 $ 22,124 $ — $ 22,124 $ — — ____________________ (1) The carrying value of these investment is equal to their fair value due to the short-term nature of the investments as well as their credit quality. (2) The fair values of our interest rate swap derivative instruments were estimated using advice from a third-party derivative specialist, based on contractual cash flows and observable inputs comprising interest rate curves and credit spreads, which are Level 2 measurements as defined under ASC 820. Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements The following table summarizes our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis: (In thousands) Financial assets: Land (1) December 31, 2018 Fair Value Carrying Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 $ 19,019 $ — $ 7,419 $ 11,600 ____________________ (1) The fair value of the de minimis land valued based on the contract price represents a level 2 measurement as defined in ASC 820, while the inputs for the de minimis land valued using the sales comparison approach represents level 3 measurements as defined in ASC 820. The measurement and related estimates were made as of September 30, 2018. F - 31 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) The following table summarizes the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements: Asset Type Land Fair Value $ 11,600 Valuation Technique Sales comparison Range $0.50 - 5.00 Weighted Average $ 2.90 Square Footage 4,002,908 Significant Assumptions ($ in per sq. ft.) The estimated fair values of our financial instruments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 for which fair value is only disclosed are as follows: (In thousands) Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Financial liabilities: Debt (1) Revolving Credit Facility Term Loan B Facility Second Lien Notes CPLV CMBS Debt ____________________ December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value $ 577,883 20,564 $ 577,883 20,564 $ 183,646 13,760 183,646 13,760 — $ — $ 2,073,784 2,016,000 300,000 2,168,864 $ 300,000 2,200,000 498,480 535,866 766,892 853,167 1,550,000 1,539,040 1,550,000 1,559,486 $ $ (1) The fair value of our debt instruments was estimated using quoted prices for identical or similar liabilities in markets that are not active and, as such, these fair value measurements are considered Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Note 12 — Commitments and Contingent Liabilities Litigation In the ordinary course of business, from time to time, we may be subject to legal claims and administrative proceedings. As of December 31, 2018, we are not subject to any litigation that we believe could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, liquidity or cash flows. Operating Lease Commitments We are liable under various operating leases for: (i) land at the Cascata golf course, which expires in 2038 and (ii) offices in New Orleans, Louisiana and New York, New York, which expire in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Total rental expense under these agreements, included in golf operations and general and administrative expenses in our Statement of Operations, was approximately $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and $0.3 million for the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. F - 32 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) The future minimum lease commitments relating to the base lease rent portion of noncancelable operating leases at December 31, 2018 are as follows: (In thousands) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total minimum lease commitments Golf commitment Lease Commitments 1,242 983 933 951 970 16,895 21,974 $ $ The TRS utilizes a third-party golf maintenance company for its Rio Secco and Cascata golf courses and recorded expense to golf operations in the amount of $3.0 million, related to such agreements. On November 1, 2018, we entered into new golf course maintenance agreements with BrightView Golf Maintenance, LLC related to the Rio Secco and Cascata golf courses, which became effective January 1, 2019. The agreements are for five years and expire on December 31, 2023, and include all labor and equipment necessary to maintain both golf course grounds. Pursuant to the agreements, we pay an annual golf maintenance fee of $3.3 million and such fee is subject to an annual escalator calculated as a weighted combination of the annual change in the Employment Cost Index (75%) and Consumer Price Index (25%). Other Contractual Commitments As discussed in Note 5 — Property Transactions, pursuant to the Eastside Property sale agreement, Caesars is responsible for the remediation of the flood plain mechanism on the Eastside Property. The costs of the remediation work will be borne fifty percent (50%) by us and fifty percent (50%) by Caesars, pari passu, until such time as the total cost incurred in connection with the remediation work is equal to $12.0 million. Any costs in excess of $12.0 million incurred in connection with the remediation work shall be the sole responsibility of Caesars. Note 13 — Stockholders' Equity Stock We have the authority to issue 750,000,000 shares of stock, consisting of 700,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share and 50,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share. 2017 Transactions Formation On the Formation Date, the Company issued 177,160,494 shares of common stock and 12,000,000 shares of Series A preferred stock with an aggregate liquidation preference of $300.0 million ($25 per share) to CEOC and certain of its subsidiaries in exchange for the Properties and Caesars Entertainment Outdoor. CEOC distributed such shares to certain of its creditors and to certain backstop parties. Pursuant to the Plan and a Backstop Commitment Agreement dated September 12, 2017, the backstop purchasers agreed, or otherwise had the right, to purchase a specified number of the shares of the Series A preferred stock for cash, with the cash proceeds of such purchases being paid to certain creditors of CEOC. An aggregate of 6,002,907 shares of Series A preferred stock were purchased by the backstop purchasers on the Formation Date (the “Backstop Shares”) at a price of $20.83 per share and an aggregate of 5,997,093 shares of Series A preferred stock were issued to certain creditors of CEOC as a portion of the recovery on account of their claims. F - 33 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) Mandatory Conversions On November 6, 2017, all of the Series A preferred stock automatically converted into 51,433,692 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Mandatory Preferred Conversion”). No additional consideration was payable in connection with the Mandatory Preferred Conversion. In addition, on the Formation Date, CPLV Mezz 3 LLC, a special-purpose parent entity of CPLV Mezz 2 LLC (which itself is the special-purpose parent entity of CPLV Mezz 1 LLC, the special-purpose parent entity of CPLV Property Owner LLC (the mortgage borrower under the CPLV CMBS Debt and the owner of CPLV)), issued a junior tranche of CPLV mezzanine debt in an amount of $250.0 million to institutional accredited investors, which debt automatically converted into an aggregate of 17,630,700 shares of the Company’s common stock on November 6, 2017 (the “Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion”). No additional consideration was payable in connection with the Mandatory Mezzanine Conversion. Private Equity Placement In November 2017, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with certain of our existing investors, which certain additional investors joined in December 2017, pursuant to which we agreed to sell, contemporaneously with the consummation of the acquisition of the Harrah’s Las Vegas property, an aggregate of 54,054,052 shares of our common stock at a price of $18.50 per share in a private placement transaction, for gross proceeds of approximately $1.0 billion. The net proceeds from the transaction of approximately $963.8 million was used to partially fund the purchase price for the Harrah’s Las Vegas property and for working capital and general corporate purposes. At the closing of the private placement, on December 22, 2017, we made a cash payment equal to 2% of the committed amount, or $17.0 million in the aggregate, to the investors who entered into the purchase agreement with us in November 2017. In addition, at the private placement closing, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the investors, which provides, among other things, for us to file a shelf registration statement for the benefit of the investors within 75 days following the closing. Subsequent to year end, on January 3, 2019, we filed a post-effective amendment to Form S-11 to de-register all of the shares that remained unsold under the registration statement because we are no longer obligated to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement pursuant to the terms of the registration rights agreement. The post-effective amendment became effective on January 30, 2019. 2018 Transactions Initial Public Offering On February 5, 2018, we completed an initial public offering of 69,575,000 shares of common stock at an offering price of $20.00 per share for an aggregate offering value of $1.4 billion, resulting in net proceeds of $1.3 billion after commissions and expenses. Primary Follow-on Offering On November 19, 2018, we completed a primary follow-on offering of 34,500,000 shares of common stock at an offering price of $21.00 per share for an aggregate offering value of $724.5 million, resulting in net proceeds of $694.2 million. We intend to contribute the net proceeds from the offering to pay a portion of the aggregate purchase price of $700.0 million for the recently announced acquisition of the land and real estate assets of Greektown in Detroit, Michigan, and related fees and expenses. F - 34 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) At-the-Market Offering Program On December 19, 2018, we entered into an equity distribution agreement, or ATM Agreement, pursuant to which we may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate sales price of $750.0 million of our common stock. Sales of common stock, if any, made pursuant to the ATM Agreement may be sold in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Actual sales will depend on a variety of factors including market conditions, the trading price of our common stock, our capital needs, and our determination of the appropriate sources of funding to meet such needs. We did not sell any shares of our common stock under the ATM Agreement during the year ended December 31, 2018. After giving effect to the initial public offering, the primary follow-on offering and the issuance of certain unvested restricted shares under the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), we have 404,729,616 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018. Distributions Dividends declared (on a per share basis) during the year ended December 31, 2018 were as follows: Declaration Date March 15, 2018 (1) June 14, 2018 (2) September 17, 2018 (3) December 13, 2018 (4) ____________________ Period Dividend February 5, 2018 - March 31, 2018 April 1, 2018 - June 30, 2018 July 1, 2018 - September 30, 2018 October 1, 2018 - December 31, 2018 $ $ $ $ 0.16 0.2625 0.2875 0.2875 (1) The dividend was pro-rated for the period commencing upon the closing of our initial public offering and ending on March 31, 2018, based on a quarterly distribution rate of $0.2625 per share. The dividend was paid on April 13, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 29, 2018. (2) The dividend was paid on July 13, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 28, 2018. (3) The dividend was paid on October 11, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 28, 2018. This dividend represents an increase in our targeted annualized dividend to $1.15 per share of common stock, which represents a 9.5% increase from our previous annualized dividend rate of $1.05 per share. (4) The dividend was paid on January 10, 2019 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 28, 2018. Note 14 — Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted- average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding net income attributable to participating securities (unvested restricted stock awards). Diluted earnings per share reflects the additional dilution for all potentially-dilutive securities such as stock options, unvested restricted shares and unvested performance-based restricted shares. The following table reconciles the weighted-average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic earnings per share to the weighted-average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2018 and for the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017: (In thousands) Determination of shares: Year Ended December 31, 2018 Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 Weighted-average common shares outstanding Assumed conversion of restricted stock Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding 367,226 91 367,317 227,829 156 227,985 F - 35 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (In thousands, except per share data) Basic: Net income attributable to common stockholders Weighted-average common shares outstanding Basic EPS Diluted: Net income attributable to common stockholders Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding Diluted EPS Note 15 — Stock-Based Compensation Year Ended December 31, 2018 Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 $ $ $ $ 523,619 367,226 1.43 523,619 367,317 1.43 $ $ $ $ 42,662 227,829 0.19 42,662 227,985 0.19 The Plan is designed to provide long-term equity-based compensation to our directors and employees. It is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Awards under the Plan may be granted with respect to an aggregate of 12,750,000 shares of common stock and may be issued in the form of: (a) incentive stock options, (b) non-qualified stock options, (c) stock appreciation rights, (d) dividend equivalent rights, (e) restricted stock, (f) restricted stock units or (g) unrestricted stock. In addition, the Plan limits the total number of shares of common stock with respect to which awards may be granted to any employee or director during any one calendar year. At December 31, 2018, 12,240,831 shares of common stock remained available for issuance by us as equity awards under the Plan. Time-Based Restricted Stock During 2017 and 2018, the Company granted approximately 164,000 and 157,000 shares of restricted stock under the Plan subject to vesting restrictions based on service. Such restricted time-based stock awards vest ratably on an annual basis over a service period of three to four years. The number of shares granted was determined based on the 10-day volume weighted average price using the 10 trading days immediately preceding the grant date. Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units During 2018 the Company granted approximately 133,000 restricted stock units under the Plan subject to vesting restrictions based on specified absolute and relative total stockholder return goals measured over a three-year performance period. We used a Monte Carlo Simulation (risk-neutral approach) to determine the number of shares that may be earned and vested pursuant to the award as these awards were deemed to have a market condition. The risk-free interest rate assumptions used in the Monte Carlo Simulation were determined based on the zero- coupon risk-free rate of 2.7% and an expected price volatility of 13.3%. The expected price volatility was calculated based on both historical and implied volatility. Total stock-based compensation expense recorded as General and administrative expense in the Statement of Operations totaled $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and $1.4 million for the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the award. F - 36 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) The following table details the activity of our incentive stock, time-based restricted stock and performance-based restricted stock units: Outstanding as of Formation Date Granted Vested Forfeited Canceled Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 Granted Vested Forfeited Canceled Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value — — $ 174,572 (50,962) — — 123,610 336,980 (59,954) (2,383) — 398,253 $ 15.41 14.90 — — 15.61 19.37 10.18 16.88 — 19.60 As of December 31, 2018, there was $5.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share- based compensation arrangements under the Plan. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.33 years. Note 16 — Income Taxes We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. Federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2017. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pays taxes at regular corporate income tax rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its taxable income. The Company intends to meet those requirements and as a result, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax except for the TRS operations. The TRS operations (represented by the four golf course businesses) are able to engage in activities resulting in income that would not be qualifying income for a REIT. As a result, certain activities of the Company which occur within its TRS operations are subject to federal and state income taxes. Accordingly, the Company's tax provision and deferred tax analysis are primarily from the results of TRS activities. New tax legislation, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform Act”), was enacted on December 22, 2017, which significantly changed U.S. tax law by, among other things, a permanent reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. ASC 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, requires companies to recognize the effect of tax law changes in the period of enactment. Accordingly, in 2017 we recorded a reduction to our net deferred tax liability of $2.4 million, and a corresponding increase to income tax benefit during the period. F - 37 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) The composition of our income tax expense (benefit) was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 (In thousands) Federal State Income tax expense (benefit) $ $ Current 1,693 126 Deferred $ (459) $ 81 Total Current Deferred Total 1,234 207 $ $ — $ 11 11 $ (1,909) $ (3) (1,912) $ (1,909) 8 (1,901) 1,819 $ (378) $ 1,441 At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the net effects of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were: (In thousands) Deferred tax assets: Federal net operating loss Accruals, reserves and other Total deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Land, buildings and equipment, net Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liability December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 $ $ — $ 117 117 (3,457) (3,457) (3,340) $ 55 24 79 (3,797) (3,797) (3,718) The following table reconciles our effective income tax rate to the historical federal statutory rate of 21% in 2018 and 35% in 2017: Year Ended December 31, 2018 Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 Amount Percent Amount Percent (Amounts in thousands) Federal income tax expense at statutory rate REIT income not subject to federal income tax Pre-tax gain attributable to taxable subsidiaries State income taxes, net of federal benefits Non-deductible expenses and other Impact of Tax Reform on deferred tax liability $ 112,326 (111,035) 1,291 21.0% $ (20.8) 0.2 187 (37) — — — — Income tax expense (benefit) $ 1,441 0.2% $ 15,414 (14,897) 517 5 — (2,423) (1,901) 35.0 % (33.8) 1.2 — — (5.5) (4.3)% As of December 31, 2018, we had estimated NOLs of $151.6 million, generated by our REIT, that will expire in 2029, unless they are utilized by us prior to expiration. As of December 31, 2018, the 2017 and 2018 tax years remain subject to examination by taxing authorities. Since our formation occurred in 2017, there are no prior tax years subject to examination. F - 38 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) Note 17 — Segment Information Our real property business and our golf course business represent two reportable segments. The real property business segment consists of leased real property and represents the substantial majority of our business. The golf course business segment consists of four golf courses, with each being operating segments that are aggregated into one reportable segment. The results of each reportable segment presented below are consistent with the way our management assesses these results and allocates resources, which is a consolidated view that adjusts for the impact of certain transactions between our reportable segments, as described below. The following tables present certain information with respect to the Company’s segments: Year Ended December 31, 2018 Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 Real Property Business Golf Course Business $ 870,776 $ 27,201 VICI Consolidated 897,977 $ Real Property Business $ 181,258 751,803 (212,663) (23,040) 527,407 — 527,407 6,151 — — 6,151 (1,441) 4,710 757,954 (212,663) 142,722 (63,354) (23,040) (38,488) 533,558 (1,441) 532,117 41,162 — 41,162 Golf Course Business $ 6,351 1,474 — — 1,474 1,901 3,375 VICI Consolidated 187,609 $ 144,196 (63,354) (38,488) 42,636 1,901 44,537 (In thousands) Revenues Operating income Interest expense Loss on extinguishment of debt Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Depreciation 7 3,679 3,686 — 751 751 Total assets $ 11,247,637 $ 85,731 $11,333,368 $ 9,660,244 $ 79,468 $ 9,739,712 Note 18 — Subsequent Events We have evaluated subsequent events and, except for the closing of Margaritaville Resort Casino on January 2, 2019, as described in Note 6, the interest rate swap transactions entered into on January 3, 2019, as described in Note 10, the post-effective amendment to the registration statement on Form S-11 filed on January 3, 2019 (and declared effective on January 30, 2019), as described in Note 13 and the payment of dividends on January 10, 2019, as described in Note 13, there were no other events relative to the Financial Statements that require additional disclosure. F - 39 VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) Note 19 — Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited) The following is a summary of the unaudited quarterly results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017: ($ in thousands except per share data) Revenues December 31, 2018 226,039 $ September 30, 2018 232,687 $ June 30, 2018 220,975 $ March 31, 2018 218,276 $ Quarter Ended 195,682 144,631 184,100 132,024 189,448 141,359 188,724 114,103 Period from October 6 to December 31, 2017 $ 187,609 144,196 44,537 142,541 129,912 139,044 112,122 42,662 Operating income Net income Net income attributable to common stockholders Net income per common share Basic and diluted Dividends per share $ $ 0.37 0.2875 $ $ 0.35 0.2875 $ $ 0.38 0.2625 $ $ 0.33 0.1600 $ $ 0.19 — F - 40 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of VICI Properties Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying combined balance sheets of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor (the "Business") as of October 5, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the related combined statements of operations, equity, and cash flows for the period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2016, and the related notes to the combined financial statements (collectively referred to as the "Financial Statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Business as of October 5, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Business’ management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Business’ financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Business in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Business is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Business’ internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Las Vegas, Nevada March 28, 2018 We have served as the Business’ auditor since 2016. F - 41 The following sets forth the historical combined financial statements of Caesars Entertainment Outdoor as our predecessor, the operations of which were contributed to VICI Golf on October 6, 2017 as part of our Formation Transactions. CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS (Amounts In Thousands) October 5, 2017 December 31, 2016 Assets Current assets Cash Receivables, net Inventories Prepayments Total current assets Property and equipment, net Total assets Liabilities and Equity Current liabilities Accounts payable Accrued expenses Current portion of long-term debt Total current liabilities Deferred income taxes Liabilities subject to compromise Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) Equity Net investment Retained earnings Total equity Total liabilities and equity $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 111 269 480 84 944 88,309 89,253 272 647 — 919 4,944 249 6,112 83,091 50 83,141 89,253 $ 920 77 371 276 1,644 88,831 90,475 305 705 14 1,024 5,043 265 6,332 84,091 52 84,143 90,475 See accompanying Notes to Combined Financial Statements F - 42 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Amounts In Thousands) Period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Revenues Golf ($5,685, $6,353 and $5,146 attributable to related parties) $ 11,412 $ 14,558 $ Food and beverage Retail and other Net revenues Operating expenses Direct Golf Food and beverage Retail and other Property costs Depreciation Administrative and other Total operating expenses Income from operations Interest expense Income before taxes Income tax (expense) benefit Net income (loss) $ 1,361 1,363 14,136 5,204 1,144 1,066 2,895 2,445 1,382 14,136 — — — (2) (2) $ 2,150 2,077 18,785 7,082 1,828 1,691 3,138 3,030 2,009 18,778 7 (7) — — — $ See accompanying Notes to Combined Financial Statements 14,071 2,150 1,856 18,077 6,767 1,936 1,581 3,133 2,882 1,760 18,059 18 (18) — 3 3 F - 43 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) COMBINED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Amounts In Thousands) Balance at January 1, 2015 Net income Transactions with parent, net Balance at December 31, 2015 Net income Transactions with parent, net Balance at December 31, 2016 Net income (loss) Transactions with parent, net Balance at October 5, 2017 Net Investment $ $ $ $ 87,304 — (1,981) 85,323 — (1,232) 84,091 — (1,000) 83,091 $ Retained Earnings 49 $ 3 — 52 — — 52 (2) — 50 $ $ Total Equity 87,353 3 (1,981) 85,375 — (1,232) 84,143 (2) (1,000) 83,141 $ $ $ $ See accompanying Notes to Combined Financial Statements F - 44 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Amounts In Thousands) Period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 $ (2) $ — $ 3 Cash flows from operating activities Net income (loss) Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows provided by operating activities: Depreciation Net gain on asset sales Deferred income taxes Provisions for (recoveries of) bad debt Change in current assets and liabilities: Receivables Other current assets Inventories Prepayments Accounts payable Accrued expenses Cash flows provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Acquisitions of property and equipment, net of change in related payables Proceeds from sale of assets Cash flows used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Repayments for capital leases Transactions with parent, net Cash flows used in financing activities 2,445 — (99) 12 (203) — (109) 192 (49) (58) 2,129 (1,924) — (1,924) (14) (1,000) (1,014) 3,030 — (111) (10) 116 12 71 (223) (39) (125) 2,721 (869) — (869) (51) (1,232) (1,283) Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ (809) 920 111 $ 569 351 920 $ Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 Cash paid for interest $ Year Ended December 31, 2016 7 Year Ended December 31, 2015 18 $ — $ See accompanying Notes to Combined Financial Statements F - 45 2,882 (38) (101) 31 (137) 69 (5) 6 52 126 2,888 (798) 66 (732) (45) (1,981) (2,026) 130 221 351 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In these notes, the words “Caesars Entertainment Outdoor,” “Business,” “Outdoor Business,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to the business and operation of the golf courses listed in Note 1 that were wholly owned by Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc. through October 5, 2017. “CEOC” refers to the Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc. “CEC”, “Caesars” and “Caesars Entertainment” refer to Caesars Entertainment Corporation. On October 6, 2017 (the “Formation Date”), CEOC merged with and into CEOC LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“New CEOC”) with New CEOC surviving the merger. We also refer to (i) our Combined Financial Statements as our “Financial Statements,” (ii) our Combined Statements of Operations as our “Statements of Operations,” and (iii) our Combined Balance Sheets as our “Balance Sheets.” Note 1 — Business and Basis of Presentation Organization Prior to the Formation Date, the Outdoor Business was a wholly owned business of CEOC and included the operations of the Cascata golf course in Boulder City, Nevada, the Rio Secco golf course in Henderson, Nevada, the Grand Bear golf course in Biloxi, Mississippi, and the Chariot Run golf course in Elizabeth, Indiana. Caesars Entertainment Golf, Inc., Rio Development Company, Inc., Grand Casinos of Biloxi, LLC, and Riverboat Casino, LLC, directly owned these golf courses, respectively, and were debtor-in-possession subsidiaries of CEOC. The golf courses generate revenue through fees charged for general golf course usage (including green fees, golf club rentals, and cart charges), annual or corporate memberships (at Rio Secco, Grand Bear and Chariot Run), a school of golf (at Rio Secco), and food, beverage, and merchandise sales. Bankruptcy On January 15, 2015, CEOC and certain of its subsidiaries (the “Caesars Debtors”) voluntarily filed for relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois (the “Bankruptcy Court”). As a result of this filing, CEOC operated as a debtor-in-possession under the Bankruptcy Code. Because each of the four golf courses were owned by Caesars Debtor entities, the Outdoor Business was also considered a debtor-in-possession prior to the Formation Date. CEOC’s plan of reorganization (the “Plan”) was confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court on January 17, 2017. Transfer of Operations and Assets to VICI On the Formation Date, pursuant to the Bankruptcy Plan, subsidiaries of CEOC contributed the ownership of the Business to VICI Properties Inc. (“VICI”). Following the Formation, the assets, liabilities and operations of the Business are now included in VICI Golf LLC (“VICI Golf”), a Delaware limited-liability company. VICI Golf is a wholly-owned subsidiary of VICI. VICI is a separate entity initially owned by certain former creditors of CEOC. In addition, on the Formation Date, subsidiaries of VICI Golf, entered into a golf course use agreement (the “Golf Course Use Agreement”) with New CEOC and Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC (“CES”) (collectively, the “users”), whereby the users were granted certain priority rights and privileges with respect to access and use of certain golf course properties. Payments under the Golf Course Use Agreement are comprised of a $10.0 million annual membership fee, $3.0 million in annual use fees and minimum rounds fees of at least $1.1 million. The annual membership fee, use fees and minimum round fees are subject to an annual escalator beginning at the times provided under the Golf Course Use Agreement. F - 46 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Basis of Presentation The Business’ Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and with the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Financial Statements were derived from the financial statements of CEOC, prepared on a “carve-out” basis, to present the financial position and results of operations of the Outdoor Business on a stand-alone basis. The legal entities that own the Grand Bear and the Chariot Run golf courses also include non-golf course operations that are excluded from these carve-out financial statements. The Financial Statements include allocations of certain revenue amounts and general corporate expenses among affiliated entities. Such allocated revenue and expenses may not reflect the results we would have incurred if we had operated as a stand-alone company nor are they necessarily indicative of our future results. Management believes the assumptions and methodologies used in the allocation of these revenues and expenses are reasonable. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates. Golf revenue from CEOC and Caesars' affiliates includes reimbursement for below market-rate golf tee times and free play for certain casino guests. Variable golf fees provided by CEOC and Caesars affiliates are based on revenue shortfalls necessary to cover the cost of maintaining the courses in appropriate playing conditions for casino guests. The variable fee is dependent upon the number of rounds played, the types of rounds played (market-rate or discounted rate), and costs incurred to allow the golf course to continue to offer golf as an amenity to its gaming customers. These reimbursements and adjustments are included in golf revenue in the Statements of Operations. Each of the golf courses represents a separate operating segment and we aggregate all such operations into one reportable segment. The Business’ Financial Statements reflect the application of ASC 852. This guidance requires that transactions and events directly associated with the reorganization be distinguished from the ongoing operations of the business. In addition, the guidance provides for changes in the accounting and presentation of liabilities. Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Cash Cash consists of cash-on-hand and cash-in-bank. Receivables Accounts receivable are non-interest bearing and are initially recorded at cost. They include amounts for sponsorship and other golf tournament fees, amounts due for hosted private events, and amounts due from credit card clearing activities. The allowance for doubtful accounts is established and maintained based on our best estimate of accounts receivable collectability. Management estimates collectability by specifically analyzing accounts receivable aging, known troubled accounts and other historical factors that affect collections. Accounts are written off when management deems the account to be uncollectible. Recoveries of accounts previously written off are recorded into income when received. Trade receivables are due within one year or less and approximates fair value. F - 47 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (In thousands) 2017 2016 2015 Balance as of January 1, Charges (credits) to income Write-offs less recoveries Balance as of October 5, 2017; December 31, 2016; and December 31, 2015, respectively $ $ $ 7 12 (11) 8 $ $ 19 (10) (2) 7 $ 1 31 (13) 19 Inventory Inventory, which consists primarily of food and beverages and merchandise held for resale, is stated at the lower of cost or market. Losses on obsolete or excess inventory are not material. Long-Lived Assets The Business has significant capital invested in long-lived assets and judgments are made in determining their estimated useful lives and salvage values and if or when an asset (or asset group) has been impaired. The accuracy of these estimates affects the amount of depreciation and amortization expense recognized in the financial results and whether a gain or loss should be recognized on the disposal of an asset. Lives assigned to the assets are based on standard policy, established by management as representative of the useful life of each category of asset. The carrying value of our long-lived assets is reviewed whenever events and circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. The factors considered by management in performing this assessment may include current operating results, trends, prospects, as well as the effect of demand, competition, and other economic, legal, and regulatory factors. In estimating expected future cash flows for determining whether an asset is impaired, assets are grouped at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows, which in this case, is the four golf courses combined together as an asset group. These analyses are sensitive to management assumptions and the estimates of the obsolescence factors. Changes in these assumptions and estimates could have a material impact on the analyses and the Financial Statements. For the period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 and the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, no impairment of long-lived assets was recorded. Additions to property and equipment are stated at cost. Costs of improvements that extend the life of the asset are capitalized. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. Gains or losses on the dispositions of property and equipment are recognized in the period of disposal. With respect to golf course improvements (included in land improvements), only costs associated with original construction, complete replacements of items such as tee boxes and putting greens, or the addition of new trees, sand traps, fairways or putting greens are capitalized. All other related costs are expensed as incurred. For building improvements, only costs that extend the useful life of the building are capitalized. Certain land improvements include site preparations that prepare land for its intended use as a golf course. Like the land itself, these improvements are inexhaustible and therefore not depreciated. Examples include excavation, filling, grading and preparation of fairways and roughs. Depreciable land improvements are defined as improvements made to land that have determinable estimated useful lives and deteriorate with use or passage of time. These improvements were built or installed to enhance or facilitate the use of the land for a particular purpose. Depreciable land improvements associated with the golf courses include greens, bunkers, tee boxes, cart paths, fences and gates, landscaping and sprinkler systems. F - 48 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the related lease, as follows: Useful Lives Land improvements Buildings and leasehold improvements Building improvements Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 12-60 years 40 years 5-15 years 2-10 years Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the respective lease or their useful life using the straight-line method. Liabilities Subject to Compromise Under bankruptcy law, actions by creditors to collect amounts owed prior to the Petition Date are stayed and certain other prepetition contractual obligations may not be enforced against the companies that own the Business. Substantially all liabilities of the Debtors as of the Petition Date, except those paid under certain first day motions filed with the Bankruptcy Court, have been classified as liabilities subject to compromise in the Balance Sheets. Liabilities subject to compromise, including claims that became known after the bankruptcy petition was filed, are reported using our best estimates of the expected amount of the total allowed claim. Revenue Recognition Revenues from golf course operations, food and beverage and merchandise sales are recognized at the time of sale or when the service is provided and are reported net of sales tax. Golf memberships sold are typically to individuals and are not refundable and are deferred and recognized within golf revenue in the Statements of Operations over the expected life of an active membership, which is typically one year or less. Included in golf revenue are market-rate fees received from public customers as well as discounted fees received from CEOC and Caesars-affiliated customers or associates. In addition, certain VIP casino guests play the golf courses for free. In these cases, the golf course receives amounts paid by CEOC and Caesars’ affiliates at an agreed upon rate for the free play provided to their VIP guests. The reimbursement for free play was approximately $611,000 for the period January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017, and $620,000 and $708,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There are additional variable golf fees provided by CEOC and Caesars’ affiliates based on revenue shortfalls necessary to cover the cost of operating the courses at a high level appropriate for casino guests. The variable fee is dependent upon the number of rounds played, the types of rounds played (market-rate or discounted rate), and costs incurred to allow the golf course to continue to offer golf as an amenity to its gaming customers. Variable golf fees included in golf revenue were approximately $4,692,000 for the period January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 and $4,862,000 and $3,669,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Advertising Expense The golf courses are marketed through advertising and other promotional activities. Advertising expense is charged to income during the period incurred. Advertising expense totaled approximately $63,000 for the period January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017, and $118,000 and $74,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and is included in Administrative and other in the Statements of Operations. Property Costs Property costs are charged to income during the period incurred and include land rent, utilities and general repairs and maintenance. F - 49 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Income Taxes Historically, the Outdoor Business has been included in the consolidated federal income tax return of Caesars, as well as certain state tax returns where Caesars or one of its subsidiaries files a state tax return. The provisions of ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” was applied and the provision for income taxes was computed on a separate return basis. The separate return method applies the accounting guidance for income taxes to the stand-alone combined Financial Statements as if the Business was a separate taxpayer and a stand-alone enterprise for the periods presented. As discussed in Note 7, these Financial Statements include certain allocations of income and expense amongst affiliated entities. The tax provision was calculated assuming such allocations were appropriate for income tax reporting purposes and do not include any transfer pricing adjustments with respect to such allocations. The calculation of income taxes on a separate return basis requires a considerable amount of judgment and use of both estimates and allocations. Management believes that the assumptions and estimates used to compute these tax amounts are reasonable. However, the Financial Statements may not necessarily reflect our income tax expense or tax payments in the future, or what tax amounts would have been if the Business had been a stand-alone enterprise during the periods presented. Federal and state income taxes currently payable are settled though our net investment equity account. Certain taxes provided for are deferred because of temporary differences between reporting income and expenses for financial statement purposes versus tax purposes. Federal income tax credits are recorded as a reduction of income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. Accruals for tax uncertainties are classified within other liabilities in our combined balance sheets. Amounts accrued relate to any potential income tax liabilities resulting from uncertain tax positions, as well as potential interest or penalties associated with those liabilities. Note 3 — Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements The Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued the following authoritative guidance amending the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Business Combinations - January 2017: Updated amendments intend to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisition (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Amendments in this update provide a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business and to provide more consistency in applying the guidance, reduce the costs of application, and make the definition of a business more operable. The amendments are effective to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is allowed as follows: (1) Transactions for which acquisition date occurs before the issuance date or effective date of the amendments, only when the transaction has not been reported in Financial Statements that have been issued or made available for issuance and (2) transactions in which a subsidiary is deconsolidated or a group of assets is derecognized that occur before the issuance date or effective date of the amendments, only when the transaction has not been reported in Financial Statements that have been issued or made available for issuance. The adoption of this standard could have a material impact on our Financial Statements should we have a future acquisition of a business. Leases - February 2016 (amended January 2017): The amended guidance requires most lease obligations to be recognized as a right-of-use asset with a corresponding liability on the balance sheet. The guidance also requires additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The guidance should be implemented for the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach, which includes optional practical expedients primarily focused on leases that F - 50 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) commence before the effective date. The qualitative and quantitative effects of adoption are still being analyzed. We are in the process of evaluating the full impact the new guidance will have on our Financial Statements. Revenue from Contracts with Customers - May 2014 (amended January 2017): The new guidance is intended to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for GAAP applicable to revenue transactions. Existing industry guidance will be eliminated. The FASB has recently issued several amendments to the standard, including clarification on accounting for and identifying performance obligations. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those reporting periods. The guidance should be applied using the full retrospective method or retrospectively with the cumulative effect initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application. We are adopting this standard effective January 1, 2018, retrospectively, and determined that there will not be a material impact to our Financial Statements. The adoption of this guidance does not change the timing or process in which we recognize golf revenue. Income Taxes - October 2016: Amended guidance that addresses intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory, which requires the recognition of any related income tax consequences when such transfers occur. The amendments should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim reporting periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect this standard will have a material impact on our Financial Statements. Statement of Cash Flows - August 2016: Amended guidance addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to each period presented. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We have adopted this standard for our October 5, 2017 Statement of Cash Flows. Note 4 — Property and Equipment, Net (In thousands) Land and non-depreciable land improvements Depreciable land improvements Buildings and improvements Furniture and equipment (including capital leases) Construction in progress Total property and equipment Less: accumulated depreciation Total property and equipment, net $ $ December 31, 2016 35,525 $ 40,174 35,133 5,445 — 116,277 (27,446) 88,831 October 5, 2017 35,525 40,183 35,153 4,833 1,831 117,525 (29,216) 88,309 $ (In thousands) Depreciation expense (including capital lease amortization) $ 2,445 $ 3,030 $ 2,882 Period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 F - 51 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Note 5 — Accrued Expenses Accrued utilities Accrued real estate taxes and other taxes Advance deposits Deferred revenue Accrued legal and professional fees Payroll and other compensation Other accruals Total accrued expenses (In thousands) October 5, 2017 December 31, 2016 $ $ 269 166 102 49 41 12 8 647 $ $ 87 130 112 125 23 228 — 705 Note 6 — Liabilities Subject to Compromise In March 2015, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order establishing May 26, 2015 as the bar date for potential general creditors to file proofs of claims and established the required procedures with respect to filing such claims. A bar date is the deadline by which creditors must file a proof of claim against the Debtors for the claim to be allowed. In addition, a bar date of July 14, 2015 was established as a deadline for claims from governmental units. As of October 5, 2017, the Business had received 55 proofs of claim, a portion of which assert, in part or in whole, unliquidated claims. These proofs of claims include 9 claims that were carved out of the legal entities that own the Business and that have additional claims, which do not correspond to the Business. In addition, the Business has been assigned by the court an additional 13 claims. In the aggregate, total asserted liquidated proofs of claim for approximately $122.2 million had been filed against or assigned to the Business. Based on reasonable current estimates, the Business expects to ask the Bankruptcy Court to disallow 19 claims representing approximately $116.3 million of such claims. These claims are classified by the Business as amended and replaced, duplicate, redundant or non-Caesars Debtor claims. As of October 5, 2017 and December 31, 2016, liabilities subject to compromise was approximately $249,000 and $265,000, respectively, and consisted of accounts payable-related liabilities. On October 6, 2017, the Business settled claims included in liabilities subject to compromise for $125,000 recognizing a reorganization gain of $124,000. In addition, approximately $5.1 million of claims are still disputed and unresolved and have been transferred to New CEOC for final resolution. Note 7 — Income Taxes Income Tax (Provision)/Benefit Current: Federal State Deferred Income Tax Benefit (In thousands) Period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 $ $ (100) $ — 98 (2) $ F - 52 (111) $ — 111 — $ (98) — 101 3 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Since the Outdoor Business does not have a formal tax sharing agreement in place with Caesars Entertainment for federal income tax purposes, Caesars Entertainment pays all of the Outdoor Business’ federal income taxes. The Outdoor Business’ portion was approximately $100,000 for the period January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 and $111,000 and $98,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Income Tax Expense Reconciliation (In thousands) Period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 — — $ Expected federal tax at the statutory tax rate Increases/(decreases) in tax resulting from: State taxes, net of federal tax benefit Federal tax credits Other Income tax (expense)/benefit $ $ — $ — — (2) (2) $ Temporary Differences Resulting in Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Deferred tax assets: Federal net operating loss State net operating loss Federal tax credits Other Subtotal Less: valuation allowance Total deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Depreciation and other property related items Accrued expenses Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liability — — — — $ — 3 — 3 (In thousands) As of October 5, 2017 As of December 31, 2016 $ $ $ 5,561 378 82 8 6,029 1,930 4,099 (9,006) (37) (9,043) (4,944) $ 5,847 392 82 9 6,330 1,930 4,400 (9,423) (20) (9,443) (5,043) Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. As of October 5, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had federal NOL carryforwards of $19.2 million and $20.1 million, respectively. These NOL carryforwards will begin to expire in 2032. In addition, we have federal general business tax credit carryforwards of approximately $82 thousand which will begin to expire in 2032. As of October 5, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had state NOL carryforwards of $15.1 million and $15.5 million, respectively. These NOL carryforwards will begin to expire in 2032. F - 53 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefit Period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 Balance at beginning of period Additions based on tax positions related to the current period Balance at end of period $ $ 1,309 — 1,309 $ (In thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2016 1,309 $ Year Ended December 31, 2015 1,309 $ — 1,309 $ — 1,309 We classify reserves for tax uncertainties within accrued expenses and deferred credits and other in our balance sheets, separate from any related income tax payable or deferred income taxes. Reserve amounts related to potential income tax liabilities resulting from uncertain tax positions as well as potential interest or penalties associated with those liabilities. We accrue interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. There were no adjustments to our accrual for the period ending October 5, 2017 and the years ending December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, for accrued interest or penalties. There are no unrecognized tax benefits included in the balances of unrecognized tax benefits as of October 5, 2017, December 31, 2016 and 2015 that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. Note 8 — Related Party Transactions We had transactions with CEOC resulting in net distributions of approximately $1.0 million for the period January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 and $1.2 million and $2.0 million for the years ending December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The net distributions are the result of cash generated by the operations of the Business and proceeds from the sale of assets, partially offset by amounts contributed by CEOC to fund capital improvements and capital lease obligations. These transactions are included as transactions with parent, net in our Combined Statements of Equity. Related Party Fees and Expenses The following amounts are recorded with respect to the related-party transactions described in this section: Transaction type Insurance expense Allocation of indirect expenses from CEOC and Caesars’ affiliates (1) Golf revenue from CEOC and Caesars’ affiliates (2) Pass-through revenue with CEOC and Caesars’ affiliates (3) Recorded as: Administrative and other Administrative and other Golf revenue Golf revenue Food and beverage revenue Retail and other revenue (In thousands) Period from January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 $ 37 $ 214 45 $ 330 55 318 5,304 5,482 4,377 382 107 116 871 83 143 769 66 102 _____________ (1) The Statements of Operations include allocated overhead costs for certain functions historically performed by CEOC and Caesars’ affiliates, including allocations of direct and indirect operating and maintenance costs F - 54 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) and expenses for procurement, logistics and general and administrative costs and expenses related to executive oversight, marketing, information technology, accounting, treasury, tax, and legal. These costs were allocated on the basis of either revenue or payroll costs. (2) See Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition. (3) Primarily includes transactions where CEOC and Caesars affiliates’ customers charge their golf, food and beverage and retail purchases directly to their hotel bill. Amounts collected from the customer by the hotel are remitted to the golf course. Savings and Retirement Plans CEOC maintains a defined contribution savings and retirement plan that allows certain employees of the Business to make pre-tax and after-tax contributions. Under the plan, participating employees may elect to contribute up to 50% of their eligible earnings, subject to IRS rules and regulations, and are eligible to receive a company match of up to $600. Participating employees become vested in matching contributions on a pro-rata basis over five years of credited service. Our contribution expense, included in direct operating expenses and administrative and other expense, was approximately $27,000 for the period January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 and $34,000 and $39,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Note 9 — Litigation, Contractual Commitments and Contingent Liabilities Litigation The Business and its operations may be subject to litigation involving employment matters, personal injuries, and other matters that arise in the normal course of business. We do not expect the outcome of such ordinary and routine litigation to have a material effect on our combined financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Contingent Liabilities In January 2015, a majority of the Trustees of the National Retirement Fund (“NRF”), a multi-employer defined benefit pension plan, voted to expel Caesars and certain of its affiliates from the plan. The NRF has advised Caesars and Caesars Entertainment Resort Properties, LLC (“CERP”) that this expulsion triggered a withdrawal liability with a present value of approximately $360 million, payable in 80 quarterly payments of about $6 million. The NRF filed a similar claim against each Caesars Debtor in CEOC’s bankruptcy. Although the Business’ employees did not participate in this plan, because the entities that own the Business are a member of the Caesars Group (as defined below), such entities are jointly and severally liable with Caesars and CEOC for any liability under the NRF’s claims. On March 13, 2017, CEOC, CEC, CERP, the Caesars employers that contribute to the NRF, and the NRF and certain of its related parties entered into a settlement agreement resolving all issues related to the disputes with the NRF. Under the terms of the settlement, CEC, or a person on CEC’s behalf, was required to pay a total of $45 million to the NRF on the Formation Date. Under the Caesars Debtors’ Plan, the NRF is barred from asserting any claims against the Company and its subsidiaries to the extent such claims arose prior to the Formation Date. Operating Lease Commitments The Business is liable under operating leases for land at the Cascata golf course, equipment and other miscellaneous assets, which expire at various dates through 2039. Total rental expense under these agreements included in direct golf operating expenses and property costs in our Statements of Operations were approximately $0.7 million for the period January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 and approximately $1.0 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. F - 55 CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT OUTDOOR (DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION) NOTES TO COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) The future minimum lease commitments relating to the base lease rent portion of noncancelable operating leases at October 5, 2017 are as follows: 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 and thereafter Total minimum rental commitments Other Commitments (In thousands) Operating Leases $ $ 214 873 891 908 926 18,911 22,723 The Business utilizes a third-party golf maintenance company for its Rio Secco and Cascata golf courses. The agreements are for five years and expire in February 2019 and include all labor and equipment necessary to maintain both golf course grounds. Total expense under these agreements included in direct golf operating expenses in the Statements of Operations were approximately $2.1 million for the period January 1, 2017 to October 5, 2017 and $2.9 million and $2.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The future commitments relating to these agreements at October 5, 2017 are as follows: 2017 2018 2019 Total maintenance agreement commitments (In thousands) Maintenance Agreements $ $ 775 2,969 225 3,969 F - 56 CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT PARENT COMPANY ONLY VICI PROPERTIES INC. CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (In thousands, except share and per share data) Schedule I Assets Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Short-term investments Other assets Due from affiliates Investment in subsidiaries Total assets Liabilities Other liabilities Dividends payable Due to affiliates Total liabilities Shareholders’ equity Common stock, $0.01 par value, 700,000,000 shares authorized and 404,729,616 and 300,278,938 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized and no shares outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017 Additional paid in capital Accumulated other comprehensive loss Retained earnings Total shareholders' equity December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 $ $ $ 377,704 $ 119,117 48 520,877 2,150 133 6,033,310 6,934,222 $ 486 $ 116,287 — 116,773 — — — 57,573 9,545,013 9,721,703 — — 155,001 155,001 4,047 3,003 — 6,648,430 (22,124) 187,096 6,817,449 — 9,563,417 — 282 9,566,702 9,721,703 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 6,934,222 $ See accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Information S - 1 CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT PARENT COMPANY ONLY VICI PROPERTIES INC. CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In thousands) Schedule I Revenues Equity in earnings of investment in subsidiary $ Revenues Operating Expenses General and administrative Total operating expenses Operating income Interest income Income before income taxes Income taxes Net income Other comprehensive income Net income Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges - investment in subsidiaries Comprehensive income $ $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2018 Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 516,116 $ 516,116 78 78 516,038 7,581 523,619 — 523,619 $ 523,619 $ (22,124) 501,495 $ — — — — — 282 282 — 282 282 — 282 See accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Information S - 2 CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT PARENT COMPANY ONLY VICI PROPERTIES INC. CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) Schedule I Year Ended December 31, 2018 Period from October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2017 Cash flows from operating activities Net income Change in operating assets and liabilities: Change in other assets Change in other liabilities Change in intercompany balances, net Cash flows from operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Investment in subsidiary Distributions from subsidiaries Investments in short-term investments Maturities of short-term investments Cash flows used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from private placement of common stock Proceeds from initial public offering of common stock Proceeds from follow-on offering of common stock Dividends paid Mandatory debt conversion costs Cash flows provided by financing activities $ 523,619 $ (2,150) 270 (614) 521,125 (1,838,205) 357,781 (691,239) 170,362 (2,001,301) — 1,307,119 694,374 (262,682) — 1,738,811 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period $ 258,635 119,117 377,752 $ See accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Information 282 — — 98,813 99,095 (1,000,000) — — — (1,000,000) 964,376 — — — (13) 964,363 63,458 55,659 119,117 S - 3 CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT PARENT COMPANY ONLY VICI PROPERTIES INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION Schedule I 1. Background and Basis of Presentation The condensed parent company financial information has been prepared in accordance with Rule 12-04, Schedule 1 of Regulation S-X, as the restricted net assets of VICI Properties Inc. and its subsidiaries exceed 25% of the consolidated net assets of VICI Properties Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”). This information should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this filing. 2. Restricted net assets of subsidiaries VICI Properties 1 LLC (“VICI PropCo”), a Delaware limited liability company and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of VICI Properties, Inc., has certain restrictions on its ability to pay dividends or make intercompany loans and advances pursuant to financing arrangements. On December 22, 2017, VICI PropCo entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) governing the Term Loan B Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility. The Credit Agreement contains customary covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of VICI PropCo and its restricted subsidiaries to: (i) incur additional indebtedness; (ii) merge with a third party or engage in other fundamental changes; (iii) make restricted payments; (iv) enter into, create, incur or assume any liens; (v) make certain sales and other dispositions of assets; (vi) enter into certain transactions with affiliates; (vii) make certain payments on certain other indebtedness; (viii) make certain investments; and (ix) incur restrictions on the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make certain distributions, loans or transfers of assets to VICI PropCo or any restricted subsidiary. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications, including the ability to make unlimited restricted payments to maintain our REIT status and to avoid the payment of federal or state income or excise tax, the ability to make restricted payments in an amount not to exceed 95% of our Funds from Operations (as defined in the Credit Agreement) subject to no event of default under the Credit Agreement and pro forma compliance with the financial covenant pursuant to the Credit Agreement, and the ability to make additional restricted payments in an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of 0.6% of Adjusted Total Assets (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or $30,000,000. Commencing with the first full fiscal quarter ended after December 22, 2017, if the outstanding amount of the Revolving Credit Facility plus any drawings under letters of credit issued pursuant to the Credit Agreement that have not been reimbursed as of the end of any fiscal quarter exceeds 30% of the aggregate amount of the Revolving Credit Facility, VICI PropCo and its restricted subsidiaries on a consolidated basis would be required to maintain a maximum Total Net Debt to Adjusted Total Assets Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, as of the last day of any applicable fiscal quarter. The Second Lien Notes were issued on October 6, 2017, pursuant to an indenture (the “Indenture”) by and among VICI PropCo and its wholly owned subsidiary, VICI FC Inc. (together, the “Issuers”), the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, and UMB Bank National Association, as trustee. The Indenture contains covenants that limit the Issuers’ and their restricted subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of their capital stock or make other restricted payments; (iii) make certain investments; (iv) sell certain assets; (v) create or permit to exist dividend and/or payment restrictions affecting their restricted subsidiaries; (vi) create liens on certain assets to secure debt; (vii) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets; (viii) enter into certain transactions with their affiliates; and (ix) designate their subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. These covenants are subject to a number of exceptions and qualifications, including the ability to declare or pay any cash dividend or make any cash distribution to VICI to the extent necessary for VICI to distribute cash dividends of 100% of our “real estate investment trust taxable income” within the meaning of Section 857(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, certain restricted payments not to exceed the amount of our cumulative earnings (calculated pursuant to the Indenture as $30,000,000 plus 95% of our cumulative Adjusted Funds From Operations (as defined in the Indenture) less S - 4 cumulative distributions, with certain other adjustments), and the ability to make restricted payments in an amount equal to the greater of 0.6% of Adjusted Total Assets (as defined in the Indenture) or $30,000,000. The amount of restricted net assets the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries held as of December 31, 2018 was approximately $5.8 billion. 3. Commitments, contingencies, and long-term obligations For a discussion of the Company’s commitments, contingencies, and long-term obligations under its senior secured credit facilities, see Note 9 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. S - 5 SCHEDULE III REAL ESTATE ASSETS AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Acquisition Costs Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Gross Amount at Which Carried at Close of Period Encu mbra nces Land and Improve ments Buildi ng and Impro veme nts Land and Impro veme nts Buildi ng and Impro veme nts Land and Improve ments Buildi ng and Impro veme nts Total (a) Accu mulat ed Depre ciatio n (b) $1,010,967 $ — $ — $ — $1,010,967 $ — $1,010,967 $ — Date Acquired 10/6/2017 (c) Use ful Life N/A Description Location Caesars Palace Land Las Vegas, Nevada Land Parcels subject to Non-CPLV Lease Agreement Vacant, non- operating Land Eastside Property (e) Various (d) 75,691 Various Las Vegas, Nevada 22,189 73,600 — — — — — — — — — 75,691 22,189 73,600 — — — 75,691 — 10/6/2017 N/A 22,189 — 10/6/2017 N/A 73,600 — 10/6/2017 N/A $1,182,447 $ — $ — $ — $1,182,447 $ — $1,182,447 $ — (a) As discussed further in Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, the Lease Agreements are bifurcated between operating leases and direct financing leases, resulting in land that is subject to operating lease treatment being recorded as a Real Estate Investments accounted for using the operating method on the Company's Balance Sheet and included in this Schedule III. Building assets that triggered direct financing lease treatment are recorded Investment in direct financing leases, net on the Company's Balance Sheet and are not included in this Schedule III. (b) Pledged to secure obligations under the CPLV CMBS Debt. (c) Octavius tower addition to the Land was acquired on July 11, 2018. (d) Pledged to secure obligations under the Senior Secured Credit . (e) The transaction to sell the Eastside Property to a subsidiary of Caesars closed on December 22, 2017. Due to a put/call option on the land parcels, it was determined that the transaction does not meet the requirements of a completed sale for accounting purposes. As a result, we reclassified $73.6 million from Real estate investments accounted for using the operating method to Land. A summary of activity for real estate assets and accumulated depreciation for the period October 6, 2017 to December 31, 2018 is as follows: Balance as of October 6, 2017 Additions Disposals Depreciation expense Balance as of December 31, 2017 Additions Impairments Disposals Depreciation expense Balance as of December 31, 2018 Real Estate 1,184,000 $ Accumulated Depreciation — — — 1,184,000 $ 10,967 (12,334) (186) — 1,182,447 $ — — — — — — — — — — $ $ $ S - 6 MANAGEMENT TEAM Edward B Pitoniak Chief Executive Officer & Director John W R Payne President & Chief Operating Officer David A Kieske Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer Samantha S Gallagher Executive Vice President & General Counsel Gabriel F Wasserman Chief Accounting Officer BOARD OF DIRECTORS James R Abrahamson Chair Diana F Cantor Director Eugene I Davis Director & Chair of the Audit & Finance Committee Eric L Hausler Director & Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee Elizabeth I Holland Director Craig Macnab Director & Chair of the Compensation Committee Edward B Pitoniak Director Michael D Rumbolz Director STOCKHOLDER INFORMATION Corporate Office VICI Properties Inc. 430 Park Avenue, 8th Floor New York, NY 10022 (646) 949-4631 Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Deloitte & Touche LLP New York, NY Transfer Agent Computershare 462 South 4th Street Suite 1600 Louisville, KY 40202 (800) 962-4284 (781) 575-3120 www.computershare.com VICI’s transfer agent responds to inquiries regarding dividend payments, direct deposit of dividends, stock transfers, address changes, and replacement of lost dividend payments and lost stock certificates. Annual Meeting Tuesday, April 30, 2019, 10:00 a.m., ET InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel 111 East 48th Street New York, NY 10017 Stock Exchange Listing New York Stock Exchange Symbol: VICI Annual Report on Form 10-K We make available free of charge through our website, at www.viciproperties.com/investors/sec-filings, our Form 10-K, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Investor Communications Investors seeking information about the company may call or write Investor Relations at the Corporate Office or e-mail earnings Investors@viciproperties.com. VICI announcements, press releases, SEC filings and other investor information are available at the Investors section of VICI’s website: www.viciproperties.com. VICI Properties Inc. 430 Park Avenue 8th Floor New York, NY 10022 www.viciproperties.com 

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