VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund Limited
Annual Report 2014
CONTENTS
Section 1 – Introduction
Financial Highlights
Chairman’s Statement
Section 2 – Investment Manager’s Report
Investment Environment
Portfolio Performance
Top Holdings
VinaCapital Management Team
Section 3 – Reports and Financial Statements
Board of Directors
Report of the Directors
Corporate Governance Statement
Directors’ Remuneration Report
Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
Independent Auditors’ Report
Consolidated Financial Statements
Section 4 – Annual General Meeting
Notice of Annual General Meeting
Section 5 – Additional Information
Investing Policy
Historical Financial Information
Overview and Advisers
1
2
7
13
19
30
32
34
45
52
53
54
55
114
116
120
123
Front Cover – Investee Company: Hoa Phat Group (HPG)
Financial Highlights
1
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund Limited (“VOF” or “the Company”) Net Asset Value (“NAV”) per share increased by 13.6
per cent to USD3.27, while the Company’s share price rose by 17.7 per cent to USD2.50, from the same period a year ago. The
Company’s share price discount to NAV contracted to 23.5 per cent as at 30 June 2014, from 26.0 per cent a year ago.
The stock market index of Vietnam (“VN Index”) continues to outperform regional peers, having increased by 20.4 per cent
in USD terms over calendar year 2013, and a further 13.4 per cent year to 30 June 2014, underpinned by a combination of
low inflation and a stable foreign exchange rate. During the fiscal year, the value of the capital markets component of VOF’s
portfolio increased by 24.3 per cent, mainly attributable to listed investee companies; Hoa Phat Group (HPG), PetroVietnam
Drilling (PVD), and Kinh Do Corporation (KDC) which increased by 103, 63 and 31 per cent, respectively.
Performance summary
NAV per share (USD)
Share price (USD)
Discount
30 June
2014
3.27
2.50
23.5%
%
Change
13.6%
17.7%
30 June
2013
2.88
2.13
26.0%
%
Change
17.6%
43.9%
30 June
2012
2.45
1.50
38.8%
Throughout the financial year, VOF continued the ongoing share buyback programme in order to return capital to shareholders
and narrow the discount rate. During the twelve month period ended 30 June 2014, VOF spent USD52.3 million to repurchase
23.1 million shares. Since the commencement of the share buyback programme on 25 October 2011, VOF has repurchased
86.4 million shares, representing 26.6 per cent of the total shares then in issue. Both the Board and the Investment Manager
believe that this ongoing share buyback programme can be a method of distributing capital to shareholders and narrowing the
discount of the Company’s share price to its NAV per share.
SECTION 1
FINANCIAL
HIGHLIGHTS
FOR THE
FISCAL YEAR
2014
Net asset value at
30 June 2014
$779.0m
NAV per share at
30 June 2014
$3.27
Increase in NAV per share
13.6%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Chairman’s Statement
2
CHAIRMAN’S
STATEMENT
Steven Bates
Chairman
“On balance, it has
been a relatively good
year to be invested in
Vietnamese assets.”
Dear Shareholder,
This is my second annual statement to you as Chairman of VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund Limited (“VOF” or the
“Company”). Last year I set out in some detail the various issues facing VOF and I want to take this opportunity to update you.
The financial year ending 30 June 2014 has been something of a ‘Curate’s Egg’, that is to say an amalgam of good and bad.
Returns have been good, on the whole, the investment strategy moves along, our corporate governance agenda has advanced,
but the movement on the discount has, frankly, been disappointing. I will turn to each of these issues in turn, and intend to be
briefer than I was last year.
Returns
A year ago, markets found themselves having to adjust to the prospect of the U.S. Federal Reserve beginning to withdraw the
monetary stimulus which has been part of the financial landscape since 2009 (known as ‘tapering’). This process hit emerging
markets quite hard and investors lost interest in the asset class. At the beginning of 2014, this effect seemed to have run its
course, and emerging markets, including Vietnam, set off at a fair clip, only to run into headwinds caused by the political spat
with China.
On balance, though, it has been a relatively good year to be invested in Vietnamese assets. The Net Asset Value (“NAV”)
per share of your Company rose by 13.6 per cent in U.S. dollar (USD) terms, a result which reflects a particularly strong
performance from the 57.7 per cent of the portfolio which is invested in listed equities and the 9.5 per cent in so called
over-the-counter (“OTC”) traded equities, some of which are going through the privatisation process. This combined 67.1 per
cent capital markets proportion of the NAV generated a return of 24.3 per cent, well ahead of the Vietnamese Index, which
returned 19.2 per cent in USD terms. Whereas last year, VOF’s large position in Vinamilk was the largest single contributor to
equity returns, this year, a number of companies contributed. VinaCapital Investment Management Limited, the Investment
Manager, comments in more detail on these in his report, but I would highlight Hoa Phat Group (HPG, a steel company), Kinh
Do Corporation (KDC, a bakery and confectionery business), Hau Giang Pharma Corp (DHG, a pharmaceutical company) and An
Giang Plant Protection (AGPP, a distributor and manufacturer of crop protection chemicals). This last investment was sold after
the year end at an excellent price, generating proceeds of USD63.1 million in cash, or VND85,000 per share, representing an
IRR of 23.7 per cent over an investment holding period of five years.
The 15.3 per cent share of the portfolio invested in direct real estate, by contrast, slipped by 6.5 per cent in value, as a result
of divestments and downward adjustments to valuations by VOF’s Audit and Valuation Committee (“AVC”), whose activities
are spelt out in more detail on page 48 of this annual report. There have been some signs of stabilisation in the prices of real
estate assets, and your Investment Manager feels that the worst of the decline over recent years is now behind us. You may
recall that part of the strategy for VOF is to reduce the weighting in direct real estate projects, most of which are held through
joint ventures with VinaLand, another investment company managed by the Investment Manager. In pursuit of this goal, VOF
has sold its share in one project over the past year, raising USD5.4 million, and we are hopeful of further sales of real estate
projects in the next twelve months.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Chairman’s Statement
3
In addition to its direct real estate holdings, VOF also has 9.1 per cent of its assets invested in the hospitality industry, the vast
bulk of which is represented by our 50.0 per cent ownership interest in The Sofitel Legend Metropole Hotel in Hanoi. This
year, operating conditions at that hotel have been weaker than expected but slightly better than the previous year. Revenue
per available room is slightly higher, albeit occupancy rates are down. Gross operating profit, our key measure, was up very
slightly over the previous year. After the end of the fiscal year, we sold the Movenpick Hanoi, one of the hospitality assets,
for USD5.7 million, compared to its carrying value of USD2.7 million. There was almost no change in the valuation of the
hospitality assets of the portfolio during the year.
The private equity share in the portfolio has shrunk to 2.5 per cent following a number of exits in recent years. The Investment
Manager has a good pipeline of potential private equity transactions, but closing deals in a frontier market is never
straightforward. The Investment Manager is optimistic, though, that a small number of new investments in this area will be
made in the year ahead. The valuation of this part of the portfolio was little changed during the course of the year.
Investment Strategy
I thought I would simply reiterate what I said at the half year stage. Strategies are long term animals and should not be altered
lightly. We have seen nothing in the past six months to cause us to change direction, although discussions around these topics
are constant and vigorous:
1.
2.
3.
We intend to reduce our exposure to direct real estate. We are not a real estate developer and would prefer over time
to invest in the sector through conventional listed securities, private equity and OTC stocks.
We intend to increase the weighting to the so called OTC assets. These are dependent on the rate of privatisation
(known as equitisation in Vietnam). It is thought that after a fallow period, activity here will pick up. Our approach to
private equity investments remains opportunistic and sensitive to value.
We will maintain a large weighting to listed securities but will be sensitive to the level of valuation and to any foreign
premia which can be captured. The foreign premium results from the fact that the listed shares of certain companies
have exhausted their foreign limit and when this quota is full, foreign owners of such shares are often able to demand
a premium for those holdings given the scarcity value. This premium is not reflected in our NAV. In any event,
valuation is likely to be reflected in the mix of holdings rather than in large swings in the percentage allocation to the
asset class. The Investment Manager has recently hired a senior investment professional with good experience in the
market to oversee this part of the portfolio.
Your Board accepts that VOF offers a well-diversified exposure to the Vietnamese investment opportunity and that brings with
it both advantages and disadvantages. In particular, it allows considerable flexibility in the type of asset we can own, and this in
turn allows the Investment Manager to focus on where the valuations and return prospects are most attractive. The corollary,
though, is that these assets can be illiquid or lack transparent pricing sources. Conditions will no doubt change as the capital
markets develop, but for now investors in VOF should expect to see a continuation of this diversified approach, even where the
weightings between the available asset categories are changing.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Chairman’s Statement
4
Corporate Matters
One of your Board’s primary responsibilities is to ensure that VOF is well governed. To this end, we introduced at last year’s
Annual General Meeting (“AGM”) certain measures to increase the rights of shareholders and to increase the detail of our
reporting to you. This year, we will hold our second AGM. This will take place on the 26 November 2014 in Singapore and all
shareholders are welcome to attend. The agenda will be less controversial as there are no changes envisaged to our corporate
governance arrangements. There are, however, certain matters to which I would like to draw your attention:
1.
Directorate. During the year, we appointed Thuy Dam to the Board. As this is the first AGM following her appointment,
she will be standing for election. As I mentioned in the half year report, she has had a distinguished career in banking
in the region, mostly with ANZ Bank, having been CEO of its Vietnam operation and Vice Chairwoman for the Greater
Mekong Region. Thuy is proving to be an excellent member of your Board and I urge you to support her election.
2.
Martin Glynn, having served for 7 years, has decided not to seek re-election and will be retiring from the Board
following the conclusion of the AGM. I would like to take this opportunity to thank him for his contribution over the
years to VOF. We will miss his experience and insight and wish him well in his future endeavours.
Don Lam has also decided to step down from the Board following the AGM, a departure which will leave the Board
comprised fully of independent members. There is always a degree of ambivalence when the key figure in the
formation of the Company decides to leave the Board, but Don’s decision reflects a desire on the part of all of us to
comply with best practice on board membership, which points unequivocally to a fully independent board. He will, of
course, continue to attend our board meetings and I fully expect his focus on our affairs to remain as sharp as it has
always been.
Martin Adams, Michael Gray, and I will all be putting ourselves forward for re-election at the AGM.
Accounting Standards. The recent amendments to IFRS 10 Consolidated financial statements introduce the concept
of investment entities and provide for an exception from the consolidation requirements for such entities. In light of
this development, the Group will in future be exempt from consolidating investments which were previously treated
as consolidated subsidiaries. Also, similar revisions to IFRS 9 Financial instruments mean that the Group’s investments
which were previously treated as associates and equity accounted, will now be recorded at fair value and treated as
financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or
after 1 January 2014, although early adoption is permitted. We have decided that these amendments will be reflected
in the consolidated financial statements of the Group for the year ending 30 June 2015, with the consolidated
financial statements for the half year ending 31 December 2014 being the first period reflecting the adoption of the
revised standards. Details of this change can be found on page 65 of this report. Equally, these private equity holdings
will not be categorised as subsidiaries or associates but as investments. One result will be that our balance sheet will
no longer contain inventories of items such as birds’ nests and ceramic tiles, which it does this year. The valuation
exercise is not yet complete but, on the basis of the work carried out so far, we do not expect the adoption of the
revised IFRS standards to have a material impact on aggregate NAV.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014
Chairman’s Statement
5
3.
4.
Incentive Fee. Under the terms of the new investment management agreement put in place at the Extraordinary
General Meeting (“EGM”) held on 22 July 2013, which confirmed the continuation of the Company, your Investment
Manager earned an incentive fee this year on the capital markets portfolio but not on the real estate portfolio. This
incentive fee, which amounts to USD9.0 million, accrues at the rate of 15.0 per cent of the amount in excess of the
hurdle and was capped at the level of 1.5 per cent of the capital markets portfolio. Details of this can be found in
Note 28 on page 103. The excess over the cap, which amounted to USD2.4 million, is not paid but is carried forward to
be earned in future years subject to both the high water mark and hurdle.
Shareholder Communication. This is your Company and all of us on the Board are accessible to you directly or
through the Company’s brokers. The brokers’ details can be found on page 123 of this report. We will continue to
provide you with information on the Company’s progress through announcements to the market, through the website
(www.vinacapital.com) and through periodic reports from the Investment Manager. Please feel free to let us have any
suggestions about how we can improve communication.
Discount Management
The major disappointment of the past year is that we have not succeeded in narrowing the discount as far as we wished. At
the date of the EGM the discount was 27.2 per cent based on the 31 July 2013 NAV per share. As of 30 September 2014 it was
22.2 per cent. In the intervening period since the EGM to 30 September 2014, we have spent USD49.5 million buying back
21.2 million shares at an average discount of 25.5 per cent. Since the outset of the buyback programme up to 30 September
2014, we have now bought back 88.8 million shares, spending USD172.7 million, and contributing 42 cents accretion to the
NAV per share of your Company over this period. It should be noted that other closed ended funds investing in Vietnam also
trade at significant discounts with a larger discount typically seen in those specialising in real estate investment and a smaller
discount generally for those specialising in listed equities.
This data suggest to us that there is still too much supply of Vietnamese closed end fund stock for the demand available. VOF’s
own discount reflects not only its diversified strategy but also the fact that it is the most liquid of the Vietnamese vehicles
and so attracts discount investors. It is possible that the discount will narrow to a degree as the proportion of the Company
invested in illiquid real estate assets begins to drop but it will be hard to detach it from the general discount which applies to
Vietnamese funds.
We will continue to buy back shares and so the supply will shrink, but we are also investigating opportunities for increasing
demand. This will involve a commitment on behalf of the Investment Manager to greater marketing efforts both to existing and
potential new shareholders. We are also considering the potential benefits of applying for a premium listing of VOF shares on
the main board of the London Stock Exchange, all with the goal of generating incremental demand. The objective is to ensure
that VOF is the first choice for investors looking at a diversified, liquid, well governed investment in the country.
This combination of shrinking supply while working to increase demand would obviously benefit from better investor
sentiment towards smaller emerging markets. If we do not succeed in narrowing the discount, your Board will consider other
options, all the while cognisant of the fact that VOF’s liquidity is very important to you, our shareholders.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Chairman’s Statement
6
Outlook
Successful investment in Vietnam requires conditions both inside and outside the country to be on an even keel or trending up.
The headwinds which accompanied tapering this time last year have petered out and on balance demand from the developed
world appears to be picking up, albeit modestly. In China, which is of course a global economic heavyweight in its own right,
growth seems to be recovering following a slowdown last year on the back of tightened credit conditions. Whatever the
geopolitical concerns, and they are many, a healthy Chinese economy is likely to be key to Vietnamese economic prospects.
Longer term trends support the continuation of foreign direct investment (“FDI”) into Vietnam. Outsourcing of manufacturing
across the technological spectrum and rapidly rising wage rates in north Asia all point to greater FDI.
Inside the country, economic conditions are fairly stable, with growth running above 5 per cent and inflation under control. The
Government is keen to accelerate the equitisation process and will need supportive capital markets to achieve its goals. There
remain question marks about the recapitalisation needed in the banking sector, but a revival of property values would work
wonders there.
In the meantime, the Vietnamese equity market trades at about 14 times 2014 earnings, a rating below the regional average of
16 times but reflecting a significant increase over the last year, according to Bloomberg. Your Investment Manager continues to
find good value in the market, but perhaps less so in those stocks which have earned international recognition. VinaCapital is
well resourced and has a research effort trained on seeking out opportunities wherever they can be found across the asset class
spectrum.
Steven Bates
Chairman
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund Limited
28 October 2014
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Economy
Vietnam’s economic recovery, on-going market reforms, and the government’s
commitment to deepen international integration underpin the resurgence of investor
interest in the market. The Vietnam Index continues to outperform regional peers, having
increased by 20.4 per cent in United States dollar (USD) terms over calendar year 2013,
and a further 13.4 per cent year-to-date as at 30 June 2014.
A combination of stable prices and stable currency underscore economic growth:
• A low rate of inflation thanks to a lack of cost-push pressures and subdued domestic
consumption has kept the average consumer price index rate for the first half of
2014 at 4.8 per cent year-on-year, well below the 7.0 per cent inflation target set by
the State Bank of Vietnam (“SBV”) at the beginning of the year.
• A stable foreign currency exchange rate, which has benefited from a trade surplus of
USD1.3 billion for the first half of 2014 and a healthy balance of payments projected
for the end of this year. Furthermore, a record high foreign currency reserve
position as stated by the Prime Minister to be above USD35.0 billion and equivalent
to 3 months of total imports, lends further support to currency stability. The 1.0 per
cent adjustment of the official reference rate of the Vietnam dong (“VND”) in June
2014 was a response by the government to help boost domestic growth.
However, this macroeconomic stability has come at the expense of lower credit growth
and slower increases in gross domestic product (“GDP”), even as interest rates continue
to fall. The General Statistics Office of Vietnam (“GSO”) expects GDP growth to reach
5.5 per cent for 2014 after averaging 5.2 per cent for the first half of 2014, a level much
lower than previous years.
One reason is the slow progress on the resolution of non-performing bank loans.
Ongoing delays in implementing rules that would lead to the accurate disclosure of
non-performing loans in banks have not helped investor confidence. And while the
government encourages credit growth, banks, uncertain of the impact these disclosure
requirements will have on their businesses, are unwilling to lend to domestic business.
Furthermore, weak consumer spending in the first half of 2014 has only shown marginal
improvement as Vietnam enters the second half the calendar year. Domestic spending
is critical to a resilient economy against a backdrop of slowing economic growth in China
and other developed markets.
Investment Environment
7
SECTION 2
INVESTMENT
MANAGER’S
REPORT
INVESTMENT
ENVIRONMENT
Gross domestic product
Nominal GDP, USD bn
Real GDP, % yoy
200.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
8.5%
6.3%
6.8%
5.3%
6.0%
91.1
97.2
71.0
123.7
106.4
5.0%
5.4%
5.2%
170.4
141.7
79.4
10.0%
8.0%
6.0%
4.0%
2.0%
0.0%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1H2014
Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014
As with many emerging economies, Vietnam relies on the following four engines of
growth:
Government’s budget deficit
Budget Deficit, USD bn (lhs)
Deficit/GDP (rhs)
Investment Environment
1. Government spending;
2. Credit growth;
3. Foreign direct and indirect investment; and
4. Domestic consumption.
Let us look at each of these key constituents of growth in turn.
1. Government spending
Following the global financial crisis of 2008, the government has made a more concerted
effort to invest in infrastructure to attract foreign direct investments and improve
productivity. The corporate income tax rate has been lowered from 25 to 22 per cent,
effective as of 1 January 2014, with a further reduction to 20 per cent scheduled for
2016. While this encourages international businesses to enter and develop in Vietnam,
it potentially reduces revenues from tax collections in the short term at a time when
government spending is increasing.
The fiscal deficit for the first half of 2014, at 4.3 per cent of GDP, is expected to increase
as the government accelerates the program of spending on infrastructure projects.
Government spending has partly been funded by the issuance of domestic bonds, with
buyers primarily being Vietnamese banks who remain flush with liquidity. Government
bond auctions have been met with enthusiastic buying and yields have been declining
steadily thanks to excess liquidity and low inflation. Given that banks, individuals, and
corporations have been content with purchasing government bonds, Vietnam has not
had to look offshore to borrow at this point in time.
2. Credit growth
The first decade of the 21st century saw Vietnam achieve strong economic growth in the
7-8 per cent range. This particular brand of rapid growth was spurred on by excessive
credit growth, at times reaching 30 per cent or more per annum, while productivity
growth was poor. The damaging side-effects of this rapid credit growth included
high inflation and the creation of asset bubbles. The government now takes a more
conservative approach to credit growth, looking to keep it at nominal levels by combining
real GDP growth (5-6 per cent) with the rate of inflation (5-6 per cent) to yield a credit
growth of 12-13 per cent per annum. According to the SBV, credit growth for H1 2014
reached 3.5 per cent.
8
0.0%
-1.0%
-2.0%
-3.0%
-4.0%
-5.0%
-6.0%
-7.0%
-8.0%
0.0
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0
-10.0
-5.4
-5.2
-5.3
-8.3
-9.3
-4.9%
-5.5%
-5.4%
-5.3%
-3.8
-4.7%
-6.9%
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1H2014
Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam.
Credit Growth
Credit Growth, % pa
51.4%
41.5%
28.2%
22.2%
21.4%
30.0%
21.4%
19.2%
37.5%
27.7%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
8.9% 12.5%
10.9%
3.5%
2001
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
2007
2008 2009
2010 2011 2012 2013 1H2014
Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 At the moment, this below-target credit growth is a headwind for GDP. However, as
Vietnam’s productivity grows over the coming years, and as industries move higher
up the manufacturing value chain in such sectors as technology, textiles and capital
equipment, coupled with higher education and better workforce skills, there is room for
further uplift to the potential GDP growth rate.
In July 2014 Moody’s upgraded Vietnam’s sovereign credit rating to B1 from B2, four
notches below investment grade. The firm cited Vietnam’s track record of macroeconomic
stability, the strengthening of its balance of payments and external payments position,
and the easing of contingent risks in its banking sector as reasons for the upgrade.
In September 2014, Fitch hinted at raising its rating one notch higher to BB- in its next
review in 12-18 months, thanks to a strengthening of the banking industry and diminished
risks to the government in the public sector. The third ratings agency, Standard & Poor’s,
already has a rating of BB- for Vietnam. On the back of this improvement in sovereign
credit rating, over the next 2 years the Vietnamese government intends to roll over
USD1.75 billion of maturing USD denominated sovereign bonds.
Foreign Direct Investments (“FDI”)
3.
FDI disbursements, an important capital inflow and major source of support for the
Vietnamese economy, reached USD8.9 billion as of September 2014, up 3.2 per cent over
the same period last year. However, new FDI commitments over the same period fell 17.8
per cent from last year’s record amount, although it is important to note that several
large commitments for major projects like Samsung’s mobile phone and electronics
factories were signed late in 2013 creating a high base for comparison.
As at September 2014 year-to-date, South Korea remains the largest contributor to FDI
with USD3.6 billion registered, followed by Hong Kong, Japan, and Singapore. Samsung
has the largest investment project registered in 2014 at USD1.0 billion. To date, Samsung
has a total registered investment capital of USD8.0 billion for the manufacture of
mobile phones and electronic devices. Their current production capacity in Vietnam
is 120 million smart phones, or approximately 30 per cent of their worldwide sales.
With further expansion of existing plants and the opening of new factories in Vietnam,
production is expected to rise to 50 per cent of their worldwide capacity.
Investment Environment
9
Government bond yields
Rate on 5-Year VGB %
13.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
Aug ‘10
Aug ‘11
Aug ‘12
Aug ‘13
Aug ‘14
Sources: General Statistics Office of Vietnam and Bloomberg.
Foreign exchange rate
VND per USD
VND ‘000
22.0
21.8
21.6
21.4
21.2
21.0
20.8
20.6
20.4
Official Rate
VCB Sell
Free market Sell
1% upper band
1% lower band
May ‘13
Aug ‘13
Nov ‘13
Feb ‘14
May ‘14
Aug ‘14
Sources: General Statistics Office of Vietnam and Bloomberg.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 For the first 8 months of 2014, FDI enterprises’ export and import revenues were
USD65.2 billion (an increase of 15.6 per cent year-on-year) and USD53.6 billion (an
increase of 12 per cent year-on-year), respectively.
Foreign direct investors, whose interests in Vietnam include access to lower labour costs
and a market that is growing towards 100 million people, have been growing steadily
over the past few years and continue to do so in 2014. Foreign indirect investors, those
that focus on Vietnam’s stock and bond markets, are, on the other hand, drawn to
Vietnam by access to lower valuations (as compared to other regional emerging markets)
coupled with steady dividend yields. These so called ‘portfolio investors’ are a much more
volatile source of capital.
4. Domestic consumption
Retail sales – an indicator of aggregate demand – showed less than spectacular growth at
the start of the year. However, this has gradually improved, with the first half reporting
growth of 5.7 per cent year-on-year compared to 5.3 per cent over the same period
last year according to the General Statics Office of Vietnam. Furthermore, low inflation
helped to stabilise consumer purchasing power, contributing to this growth.
The ANZ Roy Morgan Consumer Confidence Index advanced to reach 135.5 in August
2014, the highest level recorded since March 2014 and higher than the average level
of this index over the first 8 months of 2014. This reflects a gradual improvement in
consumer psychology over the past year.
Investment Environment
10
Foreign direct investment
FDI Disbursement
FDI Registered
18.6
21.6
14.7
11.0
11.0
13.0
10.5
11.5
6.9
5.8
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
2010
2011
2012
2013
1H2014
Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Investment Environment
11
Further progress required on non-performing loans and privatisations
Non-performing loans (“NPLs”)
One area of concern is the government’s commitment to resolve NPLs in the banking system. Failure to alleviate the pressure
generated by NPLs threatens access to capital for local businesses at a time when foreign businesses are able to access
cheaper and readily available offshore funding to help expand their Vietnamese operations, or start new ones. Access to
low cost funding paves the way for foreign companies to dominate their respective sectors. Left unchecked, this may lead to
the demise of domestic industries and State-owned enterprises and, ultimately, foreign indirect investment. It is paramount
that Vietnam prepares for the eventuality of losing some of its advantages, such as the competitive cost of labour, given that
foreign businesses will seek new labour pools in other emerging and cost-competitive countries, potentially leaving behind an
economy with few mature domestic industries to sustain future growth.
The Vietnamese government recognises that NPLs are a challenge for the banking system. In order to resolve the NPL issue
there will most likely be a need to provide for an additional USD3.0-5.0 billion of government support. This estimate is based
on current outstanding loans, the current provision, and the additional provision required as expressed by figures provided by
the SBV and the major ratings agencies (i.e. Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s, and Fitch Ratings).
Domestic banks currently report NPLs at just over 4.0 per cent of loans outstanding while the SBV puts that figure at 10.9 per
cent. If we assume that the higher estimate is correct, and we apply a recovery rate of 40.0 per cent meaning that 60.0 per
cent of the loan value is lost, that will require an additional provision of USD3.7 billion. Although this figure appears large, it
is manageable relative to the USD22.0 billion of total equity value in the banking system today. Furthermore, given Vietnam’s
2013 GDP of USD170 billion, the scale of this NPL problem relative to GDP appears manageable. However, we do not dismiss
its significance or the challenges in resolving this difficult problem, which continues to act as a drag on credit and economic
growth.
In order to help address this issue, the government has established the Vietnam Asset Management Company (“VAMC”) to
acquire the NPLs from the books of the commercial banks. Essentially, the banks are receiving a bond from the SBV which will
allow them to amortise these loans over the next five years. During this five-year period, the VAMC will try to sell the debt and
return proceeds to the banks as well as keeping some of the cash for itself. The process of selling the NPLs, or the collateral
from the NPLs, had not yet been initiated at the time of writing this report. The key question is whether the government will
allow foreign investors to purchase the NPLs and with them, the underlying collateral, which in most cases is real estate. This
remains a challenging debate within the government as there is no consensus as to whether the legal framework is sufficient to
allow this to proceed. Meanwhile, the VAMC chairman has declared that legislation to facilitate foreign investor participation in
future bad debt auctions is being clarified.
The VAMC has bought back approximately USD540 million worth of bad debts from banks during the first half of 2014 which
accumulated to some USD2.4 billion worth of bad debts purchased since its commencement in October 2013. The VAMC is
expected to continue to acquire bad debts in the remainder of 2014.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Investment Environment
12
Equitisations of State-owned enterprises
The ambitious goal of equitising (as privatisation is known in the country) over 400 companies by 2015 is challenging and appears
to be behind schedule. We do believe that the government can achieve this target over time, but progress is slow.
At present, foreign investors are restricted as to the percentage they can hold in listed Vietnamese companies. There is wide
speculation about the Vietnamese government raising the foreign ownership limit up to 60 per cent (from 50 per cent) for
non-banks, but a decision seems unlikely this year. With changes to foreign ownership limits delayed, government priorities lie
in equitisation. Their aim is twofold: first, to raise capital to fund the budget deficit; second, to improve the efficiency of these
State-owned enterprises (“SOE”), which they hope to achieve by aligning the interests of management with shareholders. The
SOE equitisation programme is an economic priority for the government, with an ambitious goal of 432 initial public offerings
(“IPOs”) for 2014 and 2015. With less than 50 equitisations realised at the time of this report, and some IPOs receiving less
than 50 per cent take-up, results are mixed. One of the largest IPOs to date is Vinatex, a textiles company, with Vietnam Airlines
scheduled for November 2014, followed by Mobifone, one of the nation’s largest mobile carriers yet to come.
Global economic impact
It is expected that the USD will strengthen against the euro, yen, and other currencies as the U.S. Federal Reserve ends
its quantitative easing program (“QE3”) later this year, while the euro is expected to weaken against the background of
Europe’s weak economic recovery. Since the VND is essentially pegged close to the USD, we believe any negative impact on
Vietnamese exports will be small because the country produces inexpensive manufactured goods (i.e. garments, footwear,
etc.) which tend to have lower price elasticity of demand.
It remains a possibility that other Asian countries will raise interest rates to defend against capital outflows resulting from a
reduction in QE3. However, with Vietnam’s interest rates hinging more on internal factors, the country is likely to be better
able to withstand such external global pressures than neighbouring countries such as Indonesia and Thailand.
Vietnam’s robust external position (e.g. trade surpluses, high reserves) and lack of hot money inflows, which can reverse
direction and cause instability, shield the country, at least in part, from the adverse effects caused by changes in U.S.
monetary policy. The SBV manages the VND with an objective of keeping it stable and less subject to speculative trading in
global financial markets. In general, local factors and SBV policy, which are supportive, determine the strength of the VND.
Despite the government decreasing the benchmark value of the VND by 1.0 per cent in June 2014, the value of the local
currency is still very stable and strong.
Economic stability leads to investment confidence
In the months leading up to the end of 2014 and the start of 2015, it is expected that the economy will remain stable and
resilient, enough to overcome tensions such as those experienced with China in May and June of 2014. After a short period
of heightened tensions, China-related anxieties have subsided, especially after the removal of the controversial oil-rig one
month ahead of schedule. The recent visit to China by a high-ranking Vietnamese official also contributed to a normalisation
of relations. The economic effects have been muted as major indicators such as bilateral trading, investment flows, and
state-to-state contacts have remained uninterrupted. Latest figures showed that trade flows between the two countries have
remained on track and stayed on a par with 2013. Chinese investments in Trans-Pacific Partnership (“TPP”) related industries
such as fabrics and textiles show no signs of scaling back. We believe that the bilateral economic and financial relationships
between Vietnam and China are of mutual benefit and sustainable going forward.
Equitisations of State-owned enterprises
2
0
0
7
-
2
0
0
9
2
0
1
1
-
2
0
1
2
2
0
1
4
-
2
0
1
5
A missed opportunity
• 2007 Vietnam joins the WTO
• Opportunity to carry out large-
scale equi(cid:4)sa(cid:4)on of the SOE sector
and help expand the capital market.
• Opportunity was allowed to
slip away. A developing bear
market star(cid:4)ng in 2008-09 was
mostly to blame.
Major reform starts in earnest
• Resolu(cid:31)on 11 issued in 2011,
cona(cid:4)ned 2 key goals:
1. Restoring macroeconomic
stability to the economy.
2. Restructuring across 3 major
economic areas:
– SOEs
– Banking sector
– Public investment program.
Ambi(cid:31)ous plan for next 2 years
• Up to now the government has
vigorously pursued reforms
– in the banking sector via the
VAMCs establishment to
resolve bad debt problems; and
– in public investments
by a focus on infrastructure
projects.
• March 2014, Resolu(cid:31)on 15/NQ-CP
was issued covering equi(cid:4)sa(cid:4)on and
priva(cid:4)sa(cid:4)on plans in which an ambi(cid:4)ous
schedule is laid out for the next 2 years.
• Clear signal from leadership that this issue
will be a major objec(cid:4)ve going forward.
Source: VinaCapital.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014
Portfolio Performance
13
VOF’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share as well as its share price, driven by a strong public equity market, has performed
well during the financial year. Over the last 2.5 years, the Vietnam Index has enjoyed a compounded annual growth rate of
approximately 20 per cent; during calendar year 2013 it was up by 20.4 per cent, and this year to 30 September 2014 it is up
by 18.0 per cent in USD terms. Over the financial year ending 30 June 2014, the Vietnam Index increased by 19.2 per cent.
Overall the NAV per share has grown by 39 cents during financial year 2014; 30 cents of that growth has come from
investments, and 9 cents NAV per share accretion comes from the share buy-back programme.
Public equity
VOF’s public equity portfolio, or otherwise known as the capital markets portfolio, includes listed and over-the-counter
traded securities. The capital markets portfolio has enjoyed a significant increase of 24.3 per cent during this financial year. As
a percentage of the entire portfolio of USD779.0 million as of June 2014, the capital markets portfolio represents 67.1 per cent,
of which listed securities represent 57.7 per cent of the total portfolio.
This year, VOF has realised profits from listed securities such as Kinh Do Corporation (KDC) and Vinamilk (VNM), by taking
advantage of increased valuations. There is high demand from foreign investors for several blue-chip stocks in our portfolio in
situations where the stocks have reached their foreign ownership limits, and we are occasionally able to sell at a significant
premium above the quoted market price. Some of the proceeds have been recycled into other listed companies which we view
as undervalued. One such company in which we have reinvested via a private investment in public equity (“PIPE”) deal late last
year is PetroVietnam Drilling (PVD).
Specific sectors: consumer goods, oil & gas, financials, real estate
We continue to have high confidence in the consumer goods sector, including consumer staples where we have seen
companies experience earnings growth between 10 and 15 per cent. We also maintain a high allocation to the oil and gas
sector. We continue to find this industry attractive with Vietnam in negotiations with Exxon Mobil for an investment of
USD10 billion to explore and extract offshore oil and gas reserves. Further, this makes the peripheral industries in the oil and
gas sector interesting, and so we will continue to focus and invest in this sector.
The financial sector, commercial banks in particular, has been challenging in recent years. As we point out in our economic
review above, the NPLs remain a challenge and could erode 20-25 per cent of the equity value in some weaker banks. We
continue to look at this sector for opportunities to invest at lower valuations; however, we have not made any significant
investments over the last 12 months.
Another sector in which we participate is agriculture. We are positive about this industry, but good investment opportunities
to invest directly rarely present themselves in Vietnam. Therefore, we focus on indirect investment exposure, including animal
feed, the agro-chemical industry, and the seeds business, all of which offer attractive prospects. We believe that over the next
3-5 years this will continue to be a very strong sector.
INVESTMENT
MANAGER’S
REPORT
PORTFOLIO
PERFORMANCE
Listed equity
Vinamilk (VNM) 12.2%
Hoa Phat Group (HPG) 8.3%
Eximbank (EIB) 4.9%
Kinh Do Corp (KDC) 4.6%
Hau Giang Pharmaceu(cid:31)cals (DHG) 3.7%
All others 23.9%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Portfolio Performance
14
VOF participated in the SOE equitisation process of South Basic Chemical Company (HCMN) in September 2013. HCMN is
one of the leading industrial chemical companies in southern Vietnam and is preparing to list on the HOSE. Revenues for
2013 and estimated revenues for 2014 are USD47 million and USD68 million, respectively. The estimated profit after tax for
2014 is USD6.1 million. VOF made the investment at a 2014 price-to-earnings multiple of 4.5 times.
The Vietnamese pharmaceutical industry, one in which we remain selectively interested, is reaching its peak in our estimation.
Most of the companies in which we invest produce generic drugs for the domestic market. The market is saturated at the
moment, so while growth was strong over the last few years, that rate is slowing to 5-10 per cent. We also favour the hospital
and health care sector. In the past, we invested in Hoan My Medical Corporation, Vietnam’s largest private hospital system ,
and enjoyed a successful exit. We will continue to look for opportunities in this area over the next 1-2 years.
Private equity
In the private equity sector our focus has been sourcing new deals. Over the past 2 years we have been able to take
advantage of exits from many of our large private equity holdings to strategic buyers like Diageo, of the UK; Fortis
Healthcare, of India; and Siam Cement Group, of Thailand. These exits have left our private equity portfolio weighting
below its optimal level. While we have enjoyed good performance from the public equity side, public equity valuations have
risen and our focus naturally turns to private equity opportunities at lower valuations. We have over USD100.0 million of
potential deals in the pipeline, and with the sourcing phase complete, we hope to execute several investments in the private
equity space within the next 6-12 months, subject to completion of due diligence and agreement of terms.
In September 2014, VOF announced that it had concluded its divestment of its 23.6 per cent stake in An Giang Plant
Protection JSC (AGPP) after completion of all required conditions precedent. VOF received USD63.1 million in cash, or
VND85,000 per share, representing an IRR of 23.7 per cent over a period of five years. Initially, we invested in AGPP as
a private equity investment and we have since seen it become a public company with over 100 shareholders. AGPP is
currently trading in the OTC market; therefore, VOF has been able to mark-to-market its holding in AGPP on a monthly
basis. The value of this transaction represents a premium of 22.0 per cent over the 31 May 2014 net asset value, the last
recorded value prior to receiving an offer for the shares. AGPP is currently the market leader in the manufacture and
distribution of pesticides in Vietnam. In 2013, AGPP delivered revenue of USD354 million, an increase of over 17.0 per cent
year-on-year. During the same period, AGPP’s earnings grew by over 18.8 per cent, reaching USD24.0 million. Revenue for
the first half of 2014 was approximately USD200 million, roughly half of the company’s full year target of USD399 million,
while first half 2014 net income was USD12.0 million.
This divestment highlights the quality of VOF’s overall investment portfolio and provides further evidence to support the
view that VOF’s share price to NAV discount is too wide.
Over the counter (OTC)
An Giang Plant Protec(cid:17)on 7.9%
Nam Viet Oil 0.5%
Binh Dien Fer(cid:17)liser 0.3%
Tam Phuoc Industrial 0.2%
Minh Hai Jostoco 0.1%
Private equity
IBS 1.0%
SSG-Saigon Pearl 0.6%
Cau Tre 0.6%
Yen Viet 0.2%
Petroland 0.1%
All others 0.1%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Real estate
We believe that the real estate sector is starting a recovery cycle. Given the Portfolio’s exposure to this sector, whether in
development risk or through the public equities of property development companies, the portfolio is positioned for the recovery.
Real estate and
hospitality
Portfolio Performance
15
The property portion of the portfolio consists of two components: development risk, which represents 15.3 per cent of VOF’s
portfolio, and hospitality and operating assets, which represents 9.0 per cent. The Sofitel Legend Metropole Hotel forms the
bulk of the hospitality and operating assets portfolio at fiscal year-end. We believe that the development property sector has
reached its cyclical bottom, and, aided by lower interest rates and funding costs, as well as increased liquidity in the market, is
poised to improve over the next 3-5 years.
We witnessed a record year of revenue and occupancy growth in 2013 at the Sofitel Legend Metropole Hotel. As a result of
that achievement we set an aggressive budget for 2014. Despite factors mitigating the performance of this asset, chief among
them the aforementioned tensions with China during May and June of this year, we expect to meet the planned budget, as the
property does not solely rely on Chinese visitors for its performance.
Real estate outlook
The Vietnam real estate market has shown improvement over the last year as other investment alternatives favoured by
Vietnamese investors, such as gold and deposit accounts, offer limited returns. We foresee improving macroeconomic
indicators and continued stability supporting economic and market growth. More launches in the condominium sector are
anticipated; however, with developers looking to deliver products more quickly to improve their cash flow, the number of units
per launch may be smaller. Those projects with competitive pricing, optimal location, ease of accessibility, and backed by a
reputable developer are in line for more favourable results.
In the landed property sector, infrastructure development will continue to play an essential role. Projects near new metro
train line stations and arterial highways are expected to increase in value and secure more interest from prospective buyers
and investors. Supply is expected to remain limited in the next year and new launches are expected to follow infrastructure
development closely.
In the retail sector, no further significant price cuts are expected in coming quarters. New supply of large-scale retail space of
over 20,000 sqm net leasable area (“NLA”) is expected to be limited in the next two years. Changes in legislation and various
potential trading agreements are expected to drive the Vietnam retail market. Vietnam will completely open its market in 2015
to comply with WTO obligations, which will continue to attract the attention of international retailers.
Current bank lending rates for real estate are trending down and are now in the range of 10 to 12 per cent per annum.
Vietnamese banks have ample liquidity to lend. However, they are still concerned about existing NPLs. Special lower rates may
be offered to home buyers on a case-by-case basis, especially in the low income segment, based on the government’s housing
credit package. We have seen some initial signs of a recovery in the residential sector, although mainly occurring in the low to
mid-end product segments for now.
Sofitel Metropole 8.6%
Century 21 2.9%
Danang Beach Resort/Golf course 2.5%
Dai Phuoc Lotus 1.7%
Hung Vuong Plaza 1.5%
All others 7.1%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Portfolio Performance
16
The Ministry of Construction (“MOC”) is proposing a loosening of conditions for eligibility for a USD1.4 billion housing credit
package to support investment in low-income housing. Efforts are also being made to extend foreign ownership rights for
Vietnamese properties with MOC submitting a relevant proposal to the government to make it easier for eligible foreigners
to enter the property market. If approved, this new resolution may assist in clearing some of the large stock of residential
properties currently in the market, especially higher-end property.
Given lower deposit rates investors will most likely opt to take money out of bank deposits and invest into the stock market
and into real estate. It is worth bearing in mind that Vietnamese citizens and businesses are restricted from investing abroad,
so they are limited to investing in a few types of asset classes available to them in Vietnam. These investment opportunities
tend to move in cycles: when interest rates are high, Vietnamese put money in the bank to earn high deposit rates; as inflation
rates come down, so do deposit rates and Vietnamese will shift their money to the equity markets; as the equity markets go
up, people take profit on their public equity investments and shift to the next asset class being real estate. The real estate
sector is expected to grow over the next 3-5 years. Therefore, we believe we can either begin to exit real estate investments at
valuations above NAV, or see the development of these assets into finished goods and their sale into the market at a quicker
pace than currently.
Other asset classes
The other component of the VOF portfolio is cash and cash equivalents. We have generated a significant amount of cash over
the years as a result of strategic exits. We have earned profits from the sale of listed equities as their valuations have risen. The
VOF Board of Directors and the Investment Manager remain committed to the share buy-back programme. For financial year 2014
we have spent USD52.3 million on the share buy-back programme to repurchase 23.1 million shares, which have been put into
treasury.
Strategy and allocation
In our strategic asset allocation, we continue to focus on deploying funds into private equity investments. Sales of our real
estate development investments remains a key part of the strategy and, as mentioned earlier, we aim to reduce the exposure
to property development risk. We are looking to exit several holdings in the real estate sector and hope to deliver proceeds
above current NAV.
Our objective is to acquire companies that operate in sectors that contribute to, and benefit from, the growth of the
domestic economy by taking advantage of the middle class income growth, and that require, or are going through, structural
changes that position them to outperform their peers in the near future. We favour holding on to companies that can deliver
strong growth or growth that outpaces peers, or when we see potential divestment opportunities at valuations higher than
comparable market valuations. This is because our track record shows we are able to deliver to potential strategic investors
meaningful stakes in businesses having two or more of the following elements: (a) a strong brand, (b) a comprehensive
distribution channel, and/or (c) a scalable manufacturing capability. We look to divest companies when they have reached
maturity or growth levels at or below their associated sectors, when we are presented with offers at valuations that we cannot
justify increasing by more than 15 per cent per annum in subsequent years, or we feel that management’s interests no longer
align with those of the shareholders and there is little visibility for any material improvement in the near future.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Portfolio Performance
17
Concerning SOE equitisations, it is our experience that the larger the equitisation, the more attention it receives and therefore
the valuations tend to run ahead of themselves, making them less interesting. We prefer to look at mid-sized companies that
are quietly undertaking the process of equitisation and allowing employees to purchase as many shares as possible, thus
aligning the interests of management with public shareholders.
During fiscal year 2014, we reviewed five equitisation opportunities and participated in two. We look forward to participating
in more in the near future as more and more SOEs embark on the process. We seek investment opportunities in companies
that have strong management, or where we have clarity on how to strengthen management by building management teams
to regional and international standards. Our definition of strong management is that they should be capable of executing the
business plan while being honest, transparent, and realistic. We may bring in co-investors who have experience, networks, and
connections with other managers from around the world that can help these businesses.
Our goal for any divestments is to redeploy proceeds into private equity and/or use it for share buy-backs. Given our strong
cash position, we can allocate funds into both areas.
Conclusion and outlook
On the back of a stable economic environment and GDP growth of 5-6 per cent, we believe that Vietnam is poised to grow
steadily in the next 3 years. The cost of funding has dropped, making it easier for businesses to borrow. This will help grow
domestic businesses. Vietnam is looking forward to entering the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) which will allow it to export
to other TPP nations with low or no tariffs. This will stimulate the export sector, creating wealth as well as jobs. As a result, we
expect to see sectors geared towards this growth reap the benefits.
We forecast a continuing reduction in inflation rates and concur with the markets which foresee inflation of 7 per cent or less
for the next 3-5 years. As evidence of the market view, the September 2014 Vietnam government bond yields were 4.92 per
cent and 5.46 per cent for maturities of 3 and 5 years, respectively, according to Bloomberg.
Projections by local analysts for the Vietnam Index performance clustered in the range of 580-600 at the start of 2014, but
shifted up to 620-650 as we entered the second half of the year. The increased volume of margin lending also implies that
credit may be less constrained for securities companies than for general business enterprises. The availability of margin lending
is a significant factor in maintaining trading volumes and upward momentum for the market. Into 2015, we expect the public
equity market continue to increase in value. As a result of the public equity component of VOF holding steady above 50 per
cent, the contribution of the public equity to NAV growth will remain significant in financial year 2015.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Portfolio Performance
18
We believe that current market trends depend upon the continuation of declining inflation and its corollaries, falling interest
rates and a stable currency. A market reversal is a possibility in the event of policy decisions that interrupt the current course.
The major risk revolves around the return of inflation and this could materialise from a variety of sources including:
1. Loose monetary policy leading to excessive credit growth;
2. Attempts to stimulate economic growth with aggressive fiscal policy;
3. Monetary expansion to finance the deficit leading to a high costs of funding; and
4. Continued weak aggregate demand resulting in stimulus packages that exert upward pressure on price levels.
High inflation has, in the past, led to weaknesses in the VND, triggering a flight to the USD. In addition, if the SBV stimulates
exports by depreciating the VND the result is an increase in foreign exchange risk. Both scenarios lead to a devaluation of the
VND against the USD, dampening the enthusiasm of foreign investors.
The probability of such risks materialising is low at this time. Vietnam’s government continues to maintain the comprehensive
reform program first implemented in 2011. Political will exists to move forward with fundamental economic reforms and, while
slow at times, progress continues and we do not detect any signs of backtracking by Vietnam’s top leadership.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Top Holdings
19
Top 10 Holdings
Vinamilk (VNM)
Sofitel Legend Metropole Hotel
Hanoi
Sector
Description
Food & beverage
Leading dairy company with dominant market share.
Hospitality projects
Vietnam’s top city-centre hotel.
% of NAV
12.2
8.6
Hoa Phat Group (HPG)
Construction materials Major steel manufacturer.
An Giang Plant Protection
Agriculture
Leading plant protection chemical firm.
Eximbank (EIB)
Kinh Do Corp (KDC)
Hau Giang Pharmaceuticals (DHG)
PetroVietNam Drilling and Well
Services JSC (PVD)
Financial services
One of the top ten commercial banks.
Food & beverage
Top confectionery manufacturer in Vietnam.
Pharmaceuticals &
health care
The largest domestic pharmaceutical producer
in Vietnam.
Mining, oil & gas
Leading drilling contractor in South East Asia.
Century 21
Real estate projects
HCM City residential development.
Petrovietnam Technical Services
Corporation (PVS)
Mining, oil & gas
Leading oil and gas technical service provider
in Vietnam.
Total
8.3
7.9
4.9
4.6
3.7
3.3
2.9
2.7
56.2
INVESTMENT
MANAGER’S
REPORT:
TOP TEN
HOLDINGS
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Top Holdings
20
Vinamilk (VNM)
Vinamilk (VNM) is the leading dairy products manufacturer and distributor in Vietnam. The company
offers a wide range of products, from fresh and powdered milk to condensed milk, yogurt, and
coffee, with more than 30 per cent of the total dairy market, and 90 per cent market share of the
yogurt segment. The domestic market accounts for about 90 per cent of total sales. It is the first
Vietnamese company to be one of Asia’s Top 200 Small and Midsize Companies, according to Forbes,
ranked 18th among the Top 200 in terms of profit and 31st in overall market value.
Vinamilk started to operate its new factory in August 2013, a USD120.0 million facility that boasts the
latest technology and will add another 400 million litres of capacity for liquid milk and will provide the
foundation for the development of more value-added products in the future. In April 2013, Vinamilk
began operating its Dielac 2 powdered milk plant, which has doubled its powdered milk capacity.
1H2014 revenue totalled USD805.5 million and net profit of USD141 million, up by 14.3 per cent and
down (6.3 per cent), respectively, compared to 1H2013. The lower net margin was due to higher raw
input material prices and more advertising and marketing activities to maintain growth and push
sales of new products.
VNM closed at VND 122,000 per share as at 30 June 2014, representing a market capitalisation of
USD4.8 billion, a trailing P/E ratio of 16.6x and P/B ratio of 5.5x. As at 30 June 2014, VOF held a stake
in VNM valued at USD94.7 million.
Financial highlights
Profit and loss (VND bn)
Net revenue
Net profit
Net margin (%)
EPS (adjusted) (VND)
Balance sheet (VND bn)
Total assets
Shareholders’ equity
ROE (%) 1
Valuation
PER (x)
P/B (x)
Dividend yield (%)
1 Annualised ROE (%).
FY11A
22,544
4,251
19.5%
7,741
15,582
12,477
41.3%
11.2
3.9
3.7%
FY12A
26,562
5,819
21.9%
6,976
19,698
15,493
37.6%
12.5
4.7
3.1%
FY13A
30,954
6,531
21.1%
7,839
22,875
17,545
39.5%
17.2
6.3
3.0%
1H14
16,915
2,963
17.5%
3,553
23,734
18,552
31.9%
16.6
5.5
3.9%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Top Holdings
21
Hoa Phat Group (HGP)
Hoa Phat Group (HPG) is a leading industrial manufacturer in Vietnam. Established in 1992 as a trading company, HPG has
evolved into a holding group with thirteen subsidiaries, specialising in construction materials such as steel, steel pipe, furniture,
refrigerators, construction and mining equipment, real estate and industrial park operations. HPG has a well established
nationwide distribution and sales network, with a strong platform for future product expansion and diversification. The
company currently holds 18 per cent market share, up from 17 per cent as at the end-Q1 2014, as a result of new capacity
from Phase II of its steel integrated complex which came into operation in October 2013. HPG has outgrown Pomina (POM) to
become the leading construction steelmaker in Vietnam.
HPG announced impressive results for 2Q2014, with revenue of VND6,824 billion (+57 per cent y-o-y) and net profit of
VND964 billion (+81.2 per cent y-o-y). Growth drivers came from a 50 per cent y-o-y sale volume increase in construction steel,
lower input raw material and profit contribution from real estate – Mandarin project. For 1H2014, HPG’s revenue reached
VND13,339 billion (+61 per cent y-o-y) while net profit was VND1,874 billion (+85 per cent y-o-y). As of end June 2014, HPG’s
market share in construction steel increased to 18 per cent nationwide compared with 17 per cent as at the end of Q1 2014. On
24 April 2014, HPG paid the FY2013 cash dividend of VND1,500 per share and a stock dividend of VND1,500 per share. For
2014, the proposed dividend is at VND3,000 per share, implying a dividend yield of 5.6 per cent.
As of 30 June 2014, HPG was traded at VND54,000 per share, equivalent to a trailing P/E ratio of 9.2x and a P/B ratio of 2.4x.
The HPG share price increased by 20.4 per cent in the reporting quarter. As at 30 June 2014, VOF held a 5.3 per cent stake in
the HPG valued at USD64.6 million.
Financial highlights
Profit and loss (VND bn)
Revenue
Net income
Net margin
EPS (adjusted)
Balance sheet (VND bn)
Total assets
Shareholders’ equity
ROE (%) 1
Valuation (VND bn)
PER (x)
P/B (x)
Dividend yield (%)
1 Annualised ROE (%).
FY11A
17,852
1,236
6.9%
2,951
17,525
7,414
16.7%
9.4
1.6
5.5%
FY12A
16,827
994
5.9%
2,372
18,957
8,085
12.3%
15.3
1.9
5.5%
FY13A
18,934
1,954
10.3%
4,663
22,961
9,498
20.6%
8.8
1.8
4.9%
1H14
13,339
1,874
14.0%
3,896
20,350
10,740
34.9%
9.2
2.4
5.6%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Top Holdings
22
Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi Hotel (Sofitel Metropole)
Acquired by VOF in 2005, the Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi Hotel is located on 7,500 sqm in the
prime location of Hanoi’s CBD, surrounded by various historic monuments and museums. Managed
by Accor Group, the hotel operates with 364 rooms over 27,289 sqm gross floor area.
The Sofitel Metropole Hanoi’s average occupancy rate was 68.4 per cent for the first half of 2014,
generating USD18.5 million in revenue and USD10.0 million in gross operating profit, meeting 97.4
per cent, 94.3 per cent, and 94.9 per cent of budget targets, respectively. The hotel’s performance
was affected for a short time during the geopolitical tensions that arose between Vietnam and
China in May, specifically within the corporate clients/sector. However, the situation has since
improved and management expects financial results to remain strong throughout the remainder
of the FY 2014, with a target of USD38.7 million in revenue and USD20.5 million in gross profit,
representing 2.9 and 2.0 per cent year-on-year growth, respectively.
Financial highlights
Profit and loss (USD mn) 1
FY11A
FY12A
FY13A
Revenue
Gross profit
Gross margin
Net income
Net margin
Balance sheet
Total assets
Shareholders’ equity
ROE (%) 2
1 Includes other rental income and expenses.
2 Annualised ROE (%).
34.3
17.6
51.3%
6.9
20.1%
47.8
32.2
21.4%
35.2
18.9
53.4%
7.5
21.3%
43.8
33.2
22.6%
37.6
20.2
53.7%
9.7
25.8%
46.1
38.0
25.5%
1H14
18.5
10.0
54.1%
4.8
25.9%
46.6
37.2
25.8%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Top Holdings
23
An Giang Plant Protection (AGPP)
An Giang Plant Protection JSC, formerly state-owned, is currently the market leader in the manufacture and distribution of
pesticides in Vietnam. The company utilises its strong and extensive distribution network of 500 wholesalers and 4,500 retail
outlets to distribute its 23 stock-keeping units (SKU). The company has over 3,000 employees in offices in Ho Chi Minh City, the
Mekong Delta and Cambodia, two pesticide and five seed factories, a laboratory, a packaging plant and rice mills.
The Company differentiates itself by directly sourcing from, and actively working with, local farmers to improve yield and
quality via its Farmers’ Friends network, thus increasing volume and profit margin for the whole value chain.
In 2013, the company launched its sixth rice mill, located in Hong Dan (Bac Lieu province). In total, six of the twelve rice
mills planned for construction through 2016 are complete. Total capital expenditure for these twelve mills is estimated at
approximately USD137 million.
For FY 2014, AGPP is targeting revenue of USD399 million, and a net profit of USD26 million, an increase of 13 and 8.5 per
cent, respectively, year-on-year. As at 30 June 2014, the company’s market capitalisation was approximately USD260 million,
equivalent to a trailing P/E and P/B ratio of 12.9x and 2.8x respectively. As at 30 June 2014, VOF held a stake in AGPP valued at
USD61.3 million.
Financial highlights
Profit and loss (VND bn)
Revenue
Net income
Net margin
EPS (adjusted)
Balance sheet (VND bn)
Total assets
Shareholders’ equity
ROE (%) 1
Valuation (VND bn)
PER (x)
P/B (x)
Dividend yield (%)
1 Annualised ROE (%).
FY11A
4,869
427
8.8%
6,876
2,707
1,225
34.9%
7.9
2.7
5.5%
FY12A
6,336
421
6.6%
6,440
3,570
1,408
29.9%
7.8
2.3
4.0%
FY13A
7,436
500
6.7%
7,657
4,693
1,631
30.7%
8.7
2.7
4.3%
1H14
4,127
249
6.0%
3,819
5,634
1,969
25.3%
12.9
2.8
n/a
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Top Holdings
24
Eximbank (EIB)
Eximbank is the eighth largest lender in Vietnam, with the loan book representing 2.3 per cent of total credit in the banking
system. In recent years, the bank has diversified from its original focus of financing import/export operations to become a retail
bank. The bank currently has one of the largest retail operational networks with 207 locations nationwide.
EIB gross loans declined by 4 per cent while total assets contracted by 22 per cent in the first six months of 2014. The decline in
gross loans was because EIB actively reduced low margin retail loans while the decline in total assets was due to a 40 per cent
cut in low margin interbank balances.
Net profit declined by 10 per cent in 1H2014 due to lower net interest income and a rising provision expense for bad debt.
Non-performing loans as a percentage of gross loans increased to 2.9 per cent in June (from 2.0 per cent in December). Net
interest margins slightly improved to an average of 2.2 per cent in 1H thanks to efforts in the reduction of low margin lending
products. Operating costs declined by 6 per cent in the first 6 months of 2014.
EIB’s share price closed 30 June 2014 at VND13,200, representing a market capitalisation of USD776 million, a trailing P/E ratio
of 27.5x and a P/B ratio of 1.1x. As of 30 June 2014, VOF held a 5.0 per cent stake in Eximbank valued at USD38.5 million.
Financial highlights
Profit and loss (VND bn)
Net interest income
Net profit
EPS (adjusted) (VND)
Balance sheet (VND bn)
Total assets
Shareholders’ equity
ROE (%) 1
Valuation
PER (x)
P/B (x)
Dividend yield (%)
1 Annualised ROE (%).
FY11A
5,363
3,038
2,460
183,567
16,302
18.6%
8.7
1.2
9.0%
FY12A
4,901
2,139
1,730
170,156
15,812
13.5%
8.3
1.1
9.4%
FY13A
2,736
658
532
169,835
14,680
4.5%
23.5
1.1
4.0%
1H14
1,529
515
417
132,045
14,574
7.1%
27.5
1.1
4.5%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Top Holdings
25
Kinh Do Corporation (KDC)
Kinh Do Corporation (KDC) is a leading company in the Vietnamese confectionary market with a product portfolio of biscuits,
cakes and ice cream. Additionally, KDC is currently the largest moon cake producer in Vietnam with volume of 2,600 tons per
year.
For 1H2014, KDC generated a revenue of USD85.6 million and a consolidated net profit of USD4.4 million, increasing by 5 per
cent and 19 per cent, respectively compared to same period last year. The modest growth in revenue (up 5 per cent) and the
decline in operating profit (EBIT down 24 per cent) reflected low consumer spending in the confectionary market and rising
marketing and promotion expenses during the period. However, net profit still jumped 19 per cent thanks to lower interest
expense, lower corporate income tax and no one-off losses (1H2013 loss of 16 billion). In addition, we noted a recovery in sales
growth in Q2 (up 12 per cent compared to -2 per cent in Q1) and expect a fairly good upcoming moon-cake season in Q3. KDC
sales and profits are highly seasonal with 60 per cent of its revenue and earnings occurring typically higher in the second half of
the year. KDC completed a 19 per cent private placement to strategic investors in May 2014 for USD83m.
KDC closed at VND60,000 per share as at 30 June 2014, representing a market capitalisation of USD510 million, a trailing P/E
ratio of 24.3x and a P/B ratio of 1.9x. As at 30 June 2014, VOF held a 6.0 per cent stake in KDC valued at USD36.2 million.
Financial highlights
Profit and loss (VND bn)
Revenue
Net profit
Net margin
EPS (adjusted) (VND)
Balance sheet (VND bn)
Total assets
Shareholders’ equity
ROE (%) 1
Valuation
PER (x)
P/B (x)
Dividend yield (%)
1 Annualised ROE (%).
FY11A
4,247
273
6.4%
2,275
4,675
3,815
7.2%
11.0
0.8
5.7%
FY12A
4,286
353
8.2%
2,206
4,322
4,010
8.8%
18.1
1.4
5.2%
FY13A
4,561
522
11.4%
3,126
5,078
4,883
10.7%
16.9
1.7
3.9%
1H14
1,797
93
5.2%
435
7,157
6,630
3.2%
24.4
1.9
3.4%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014
Top Holdings
26
PetroVietnam Drilling (PVD)
PetroVietnam Drilling JSC (PVD) is a leading Vietnamese drilling-related services company, with
parent, PetroVietnam, owning a 51 per cent stake. The company owns and operates five drilling
rigs, including three jack-up rigs, one tender assist drilling rig (TAD) and 1 land rig, in addition to its
leased jack-up fleet.
For Q2 2014, the company reported revenues of VND4,678 billion, an increase of 39.7 per cent
year-on-year and net profit of VND577 billion, an increase of 30.3 per cent year-on-year. The key
growth drivers were a 15.0 per cent increase in the average day rate for PVD’s own jack-up rigs
during the period; the increased number of leased rigs from three in Q2 2013 to eight in Q2 2014;
and a higher utilisation rate for both owned and leased rigs. Additionally, the well services segment
achieved an increase in capacity due to higher demand for all supporting services.
For 1H2014, PVD achieved VND9,000 billion in revenue and VND1,200 billion in net profit, an
increase of 38.0 and 27.8 per cent year-on-year, respectively.
As at 30 June 2014, PVD closed at VND82,500 per share, representing a trailing P/E ratio of 9.5x
and a P/B ratio of 2.0x. As of 30 June 2014, VOF held a stake in PVD valued at USD25.4 million.
Financial highlights
Profit and loss (VND bn)
Net revenue
Net profit
Net margin (%)
EPS (adjusted) (VND)
Balance sheet (VND bn)
Total assets
Shareholders’ equity
ROE (%) 1
Valuation
PER (x)
P/B (x)
Dividend yield (%)
1 Annualised ROE (%).
FY11A
9,211
1,067
11.7%
5,088
18,535
6,202
17.2%
6.3
1.1
6.0%
FY12A
11,929
1,322
12.1%
5,621
19,084
6,992
18.9%
6.0
1.1
4.0%
FY13A
14,867
1,883
13.5%
7,533
21,492
9,838
19.1%
8.0
1.7
1.6%
1H14
9,937
1,327
13.4%
4,825
23,074
11,097
23.9%
9.5
2.0
0.0%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014
Top Holdings
27
Hau Giang Pharmaceuticals (DHG)
Hau Giang Pharmaceuticals is one of the leading domestic pharmaceutical manufacturers in
Vietnam. DHG’s self-manufactured products accounted for 91 per cent of its total revenue in
1H2014. The company’s total production was doubled to eight billion units when its new non-
betalactam factory began operations in June after a trial run earlier this year.
1H2014 net revenue totaled USD81.1 million, an increase of 10.0 per cent year-on-year. Self-
manufactured products was the largest revenue contributor, growing 15.0 per cent year-on-year.
1H2014 net income increased strongly to USD13.0 million (+12.4 per cent year-on-year). Given
that the company’s old factory has been running beyond full capacity for the past two years,
management expects DHG’s new factory to double production capacity and increase sales volume
by nearly 20 per cent per annum over the next five years.
DHG closed at VND98,000 per share as at 30 June 2014, representing a market capitalisation of
USD402 million, a trailing P/E ratio of 13.6x and a P/B ratio of 4.2x. As at 30 June 2014, VOF held a
7.2 per cent stake in the DHG valued at USD28.9 million.
Financial highlights
Profit and loss (VND bn)
Revenue
Net income
Net margin
EPS (adjusted)
Balance sheet (VND bn)
Total assets
Shareholders’ equity
ROE (%) 1
Valuation (VND bn)
PER (x)
P/B (x)
Dividend yield (%)
1 Annualised ROE (%).
FY11A
2,491
420
16.9%
4,824
1,996
1,382
30.4%
8.8
2.6
3.6%
FY12A
2,931
497
17.0%
5,708
2,377
1,693
29.4%
9.7
2.8
3.9%
FY13A
3,527
589
16.7%
6,765
3,074
1,982
32.1%
12.7
3.8
2.2%
1H14
1,703
273
16.0%
3,136
3,129
2,029
26.9%
13.6
4.2
3.1%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Top Holdings
28
PetroVietnam Technical Services Corporation (PVS)
PetroVietnam Technical Services Corporation (PVS) is a leading oil and gas services company in Vietnam with parent,
PetroVietnam, owning a 51 per cent stake. The company owns and operates five main services, including ships servicing
offshore operations, FPSO vessels, ports, seismic surveying, construction (oil platforms) and maintenance servicing of offshore
platforms and vessels.
PVS reported consolidated results with revenues of VND13,203 billion (+14 per cent year-on-year) and net profit of
VND787 billion (+45 per cent year-on-year) in 1H2014, thanks to better gross margin, lower interest expenses and robust
growth in profit from associate and JV companies due to FPSO Lam Son coming into operation in June 2014. PVS’ Shareholders
approved a 12 per cent cash dividend for FY2014 at its AGM. The 2013 cash dividend (VND1,200 per share) was paid out in Q3
2014.
As at 30 June 2014, PVS closed at VND29,200 per share, representing a trailing P/E ratio of 7.0x and a P/B ratio of 1.6x. As of
30 June 2014, VOF held a stake in PVS valued at USD21.1 million.
Financial highlights
Profit and loss (VND bn)
Net revenue
Net profit
Net margin (%)
EPS (adjusted) (VND)
Balance sheet (VND bn)
Total assets
Shareholders’ equity
ROE (%) 1
Valuation
PER (x)
P/B (x)
Dividend yield (%)
1 Annualised ROE (%).
FY11A
24,310
1,420
5.8%
4,144
15,980
5,910
24.0%
3.7
0.8
6.0%
FY12A
24,590
1,120
4.6%
3,268
15,050
6,250
17.9%
4.2
0.7
4.0%
FY13A
25,420
1,582
6.2%
3,538
16,070
8,220
19.2%
5.7
1.1
4.1%
1H14
13,203
787
6.0%
1,761
26,147
8,340
18.9%
7.0
1.6
4.1%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Top Holdings
29
Century 21
Century 21 was acquired in 2006 because of its prime location, close to a new traffic corridor to the CBD. The Thu Thiem tunnel
which was part of the Ho Chi Minh City East-West Highway, running from the South-West to the North-East of the city, opened
in November 2011. The opening of the tunnel has made the site much more accessible to the city’s CBD. The project site is
100 per cent compensated and cleared. In Q4 2011, the Century 21 Nam Rach Chiec project received a 1:500 master planning
parameters approval and Investment Licence. The Long Thanh Dau Giay Highway running in front of the site is currently
underway with completion and opening for traffic expected in early 2015. The revised 1:500 master plan in-principal approval
was received in Q2 2014 and the formal approval for the revised 1:500 detailed master plan is expected by the end of 2014.
The strategy is to divest the commercial portion of the project and secure co-investors to develop the residential component.
On-site work will not commence until a co-investment partner is secured or market conditions improve. The surrounding
District 2 area has seen improvements to infrastructure, which has created interest among domestic and foreign investors.
Project summary
Sector
Area
Location
History
Residential (25ha) and retail (5ha)
30ha; approved GFA 526,778 sqm
District 2, Ho Chi Minh City
Acquired in June 2006
Site cleared and compensated in June 2008
Revised 1:500 master plan in-principal approval received in Q2 2014
Targeting formal approval of detailed revised 1:500 master plan within 2014
Investment rationale
A 30ha site located along new infrastructure corridor in a new desirable suburban area.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Management Team
30
Don Lam
Chief Executive Officer
Don Lam, a founding partner of VinaCapital, has more
than 20 years of experience in Vietnam. He has overseen
VinaCapital’s growth from manager of a single USD10 million
fund in 2003 into a leading investment management and
real estate development firm in Southeast Asia, with a
diversified portfolio of USD1.5 billion in assets under
management. Before founding VinaCapital, Mr Lam was a
partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers (Vietnam), where he led
the corporate finance and management consulting practices
throughout the Indochina region. Additionally, Mr Lam set
up the VinaCapital Foundation whose mission is to empower
the children and youth of Vietnam by providing opportunities
for growth through health and education projects. He also
is the Vice-Chairman, Global Agenda Council on ASEAN for
the World Economic Forum. He has a degree in Commerce
and Political Science from the University of Toronto, and is a
member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Canada.
He is a Certified Public Accountant and holds a Securities
License in Vietnam.
Brook Taylor
Chief Operating Officer
Brook Taylor has more than 20 years of management
experience, including eight years as a senior partner with
major accounting firms. Previously, Brook was deputy
managing partner of Deloitte in Vietnam and head of the
firm’s audit practice. He was also managing partner of Arthur
Andersen Vietnam and a senior audit partner at KPMG. Brook
has lived and worked in Vietnam since 1997. Brook’s expertise
spans a broad range of management and finance areas
including accounting, business planning, audit, corporate
finance, taxation, and IT systems risk management. He has a
B.A. in Commerce and Administration from Victoria University
of Wellington, New Zealand, and is a member of the New
Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants.
VINACAPITAL
MANAGEMENT
TEAM
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014
Management Team
31
Dang Pham Minh Loan
Deputy Managing Director
Loan Dang joined VinaCapital in August
2005 and is responsible for VOF’s
private equity investments. Ms Dang
has led numerous private equity and
private placement deals for VOF, and
holds board positions at several VOF
investee companies, including Hoa
Phat Group and Quoc Cuong Gia Lai.
Ms Dang has previous experience at
KPMG Vietnam and Unilever Vietnam.
She has an MBA from the University of
Hawaii and holds an FCCA (UK) fellow
membership and a BA in Finance and
Accounting from the University of
Economics, Ho Chi Minh City.
Duong Vuong
Deputy Managing Director
Duong Vuong is responsible for
VOF’s capital market investments.
Mr Vuong has 19 years of investment
experience including the last 7 years in
Vietnam. Previously, Mr Vuong was a
Research Head at PXP Vietnam Asset
Management where he managed
a team of analysts responsible for
producing investment ideas for all of
the firm’s portfolios. Prior to working
in Vietnam, he held various positions
including Senior Investment Analyst for
ADIA in Abu Dhabi and Banks Analyst
for Merrill Lynch in London. He is a CFA
charter holder having gained the CFA
designation in 2001
Andy Ho
Managing Director and
Chief Investment Officer
Andy Ho is Managing Director and
Chief Investment Officer of VinaCapital,
where he oversees the capital markets,
private equity, fixed income and venture
capital investment teams. Previously,
Mr Ho was Director of Investment at
Prudential Vietnam’s fund management
company, where he managed the capital
markets portfolio and Prudential’s bank
investment strategy. He has also held
management positions at Dell Ventures
(the investment group of Dell Computer
Corporation) and Ernst & Young. Mr Ho
is a leading authority on capital markets
investment, privatisations, and private
equity deals and structures in Vietnam,
where he has led private placement
deals totalling over USD700 million. He
holds an MBA from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and is a Certified
Public Accountant in the United States.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Board of Directors
32
SECTION 3
BOARD OF
DIRECTORS
Steven Bates
Non-executive Chairman
(Independent)
Steven Bates is a veteran investor in
emerging markets, spending most of
his career with the Fleming Group
and its successor JP Morgan Asset
Management, where he led the
emerging markets team. Over the
past 11 years Mr Bates has continued
to manage investments across the
emerging world working for Guardian
Capital and has added a number of non-
executive roles in investment companies.
Martin Adams
Non-executive Director
(Independent)
Martin Adams has over 30 years’
investment and banking experience
in emerging markets and has forged
a career serving as an independent
director to the Boards of listed and
unlisted funds. He is currently chairman
of Eastern European Property Fund,
Kubera Cross Border Fund, Trading
Emissions, Trinity Capital and Vietnam
Resources Investments and a non-
executive director of a number of
other funds.
Michael Gray
Non-executive Director
(Independent)
Michael G. Gray has over 30 years’ professional
accounting experience and trained as a chartered
accountant with Coopers & Lybrand in the UK.
He was admitted as a member to the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales
(FCA) in 1976. Prior to his accounting career,
Mr Gray spent 10 years in the shipping industry.
Apart from being a FCA, Mr Gray has a Bachelor
of Science Degree in Maritime Studies from
Plymouth University, a Masters of Arts in South
East Asian Studies from the National University of
Singapore and Doctor of Business (Honoris Causa)
from the University of Newcastle in Australia.
He is also a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of
Logistics and Transport, a Fellow of the Institute
of Singapore Chartered Accountants and a
Fellow of the Singapore Institute of Directors.
Mr Gray was a partner in
PricewaterhouseCoopers Singapore and was
the founding Territorial Senior Partner for
PricewaterhouseCoopers Indochina (Vietnam,
Cambodia and Laos). He is a board member of
several listed companies in Singapore, including
Avi-tech Electronics Ltd, GSH Corporation
Holdings Ltd, Ascendas India Trust. Mr Gray has
also held many positions in Boards of Voluntary
Welfare Organisations and government
committees in Singapore.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014
Board of Directors
33
Thuy Bich Dam
Non-executive Director
(Independent)
Ms Thuy Bich Dam began her career at
Vietnam’s Ministry of Science, Technology
and Environment National Patent Office,
responsible for coordinating treaties
between the government and the World
Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)
and the European Patent Office (EPO).
From 1996 to 2005, Ms Dam worked as
the Natural Resources Director of ANZ
Investment Bank (Singapore). Following
this, Ms Dam was appointed as the
CEO Vietnam, CEO Greater Mekong
Region and Vice Chairwoman for the
Greater Mekong Region for ANZ Bank
Vietnam over a span of nearly eight
years. Ms Dam is currently the Head
of Group Development Southeast Asia
for the National Australian Bank. She
holds a Bachelors degree in English from
Hanoi University, an MBA Finance from
The Wharton School of Business and
completed the Advanced Management
Program from Harvard Business.
Martin Glynn
Non-executive Director
(Independent)
Martin Glynn was appointed to the
VOF Board in 2008. He has 30 years
of experience in the financial services
industry. He worked first in the export
finance industry and then for HSBC
in Canada and worked his way up
to President and CEO of HSBC Bank
Canada. From 2003 to 2006 he served
as President and CEO of HSBC Bank
USA, N.A. Mr Glynn has extensive Board
experience within the HSBC group
of companies and externally, taking
on leadership roles in the profit and
not-for-profit sectors. His other public
company boards are currently Sun Life
Financial Inc. and Husky Energy Inc.
He has two degrees from Canadian
Universities.
Don Lam
Non-executive Director
Don Lam, a founding partner of VinaCapital,
has more than 20 years of experience in
Vietnam. He has overseen VinaCapital’s
growth from manager of a single
USD10 million fund in 2003 into a leading
investment management and real estate
development firm in Southeast Asia, with
a diversified portfolio of USD1.5 billion in
assets under management. Before founding
VinaCapital, Mr Lam was a partner at
PricewaterhouseCoopers (Vietnam), where he
led the corporate finance and management
consulting practices throughout the Indochina
region. Additionally, Mr Lam set up the
VinaCapital Foundation whose mission is to
empower the children and youth of Vietnam
by providing opportunities for growth through
health and education projects. He also is
the Vice-Chairman, Global Agenda Council
on ASEAN for the World Economic Forum.
He has a degree in Commerce and Political
Science from the University of Toronto, and
is a member of the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of Canada. He is a Certified
Public Accountant and holds a Securities
License in Vietnam.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Report of the Directors
34
REPORT
OF THE
DIRECTORS
The Board of Directors (“the Board”) submits its report together with the consolidated financial statements of VOF and its
subsidiaries (together “the Group”) for the year from 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2014 (“the year”).
VOF is incorporated in the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. The registered office of the Company
is PO Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands. The Company’s shares are traded on the AIM market
of the London Stock Exchange. Throughout the year ended 30 June 2014 and to the date of this report, the Company complied
with the AIM rules for companies.
The Company’s investments are managed by VinaCapital Investment Management Limited (“VCIM” or the “Investment Manager”).
Principal activities
VOF’s principal activity is to undertake various forms of investment primarily in Vietnam but also in Cambodia, Laos and
southern China. The Company mainly invests in listed and unlisted companies, debt instruments, private equity and real estate
assets and other opportunities with the objective of achieving medium to long-term capital appreciation and investment
income. The principal activities of the subsidiaries are predominantly investment holding, having investments primarily in
property and hospitality management.
Life of the Company
VOF does not have a fixed life but the Board considers it desirable that Shareholders should have the opportunity to review
the future of the Company at appropriate intervals. Accordingly, the Board intends that a special resolution will be proposed
every fifth year that the Company ceases to continue as presently constituted. If the resolution is not passed, the Company will
continue to operate. If the resolution is passed, the Directors will be required to formulate proposals to be put to Shareholders
to reorganise, unitise or reconstruct the Company or for the Company to be wound up. The Board tabled such a special
resolution in 2008 and in July 2013 and on both occasions it was not passed, allowing the Company to continue as presently
constituted. The next special resolution on the life of the Company will be held in 2018.
Investment Policy and Valuation Policy
VOF investment objectives and investing policy are set out on pages 116 to 119. The valuation policy can be found on page 118.
Co-investments
The Investment Manager may from time to time manage other funds which have a similar or overlapping investment objective
and policy to that of the Company. Circumstances may arise where investment opportunities will be available to the Company
and which are also suitable for one or more of the other funds managed by the Investment Manager. Where a conflict arises in
respect of an investment opportunity, the Investment Manager will allocate the opportunity on a fair basis. In such event, deals
sourced by the investment teams serving the Company will normally be made on a pro rated basis between the Company and
the other funds served by the investment team.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Report of the Directors
35
Performance
The Chairman’s Statement on pages 2 to 6 and the Investment Manager’s Report on pages 7 to 31 give details of VOF’s
activities, performance and position during the year.
The key performance indicators (“KPIs”) used to measure the progress of VOF during the year are as follows:
• NAV
• The movement in the Company’s share price
• Discount of the share price in relation to the NAV
Information relating to the KPIs can be found in the Financial Highlights on page 1.
Principal Risks and Uncertainties
The Board considers the following as the principal risks facing the Company. Information regarding the Company’s risk
management and internal control procedures is given in the following sections and in the Corporate Governance Statement
and financial statements within this Annual Report.
The Company is exposed to a variety of risk factors. The Company’s overall risk management programme covers the broad
range of risks to which the Company is exposed. Risk management is coordinated by the Investment Manager who seeks to
manage risks to an acceptable level through the implementation and operation of effective controls and/or the transfer of risk
to other parties. The Board receives and reviews regular reports on all identified risks.
General market risk
The Company invests in listed and unlisted equity securities and is exposed to the market price risk of these securities.
The Company’s listed equity securities are subject to price risk resulting from the potential illiquidity of the Group’s total
holding relative to average daily trading volume of certain listed securities and the enforcement of strict trading bands which
prevent share prices from moving more than a predetermined percentage each day.
The Group’s unlisted equity securities are susceptible to price risk arising from uncertainties about the future values of the
relevant investment. These values may also be affected by the absence of exit opportunities which will depend, inter alia, on
the general perceived attractions of investment in Vietnam.
To address these risks the Investment Manager makes investments that are consistent with the Company’s objectives and
monitors daily trading volumes for positions taken. Due to the size of certain holdings relative to a listed company’s daily
trading volume or to the total number of shares in issue, the Investment Manager may conclude that a certain level of price
risk resulting from the illiquidity of positions is unacceptable. Under such circumstance the Investment Manager normally
expects to realise the investment by selling part or all of the holding. The Board reviews the investment strategy at each
meeting. It accepts that shareholders will be exposed to general market risk and in some cases to illiquidity risk, given both the
strategy and the scale of the Company relative to local markets.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Report of the Directors
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Real estate risk
The Company is subject to a broad range of real estate specific risks. These include, among other things: (i) the risks of owning
properties jointly with third-party partners where sole decision-making authority may be restricted; (ii) general real estate
investment considerations, such as the effect of local economic and other conditions on property values and ongoing cash
flows; (iii) the illiquidity of real estate investments; (iv) potential environmental liabilities and the risk of uninsured losses;
(v) the availability or otherwise of financing for real estate development; and (vi) legal issues which may arise as a result of
challenges to the forms of ownership common in the local market.
Nearly two thirds of the Company’s property holdings are co-invested with VNL, another fund managed by the Investment
Manager. In most cases VNL holds a controlling stake in the joint venture company and therefore exerts control over the
investment. As both funds are managed by the same Investment Manager, each fund’s investment objectives for each property
are generally the same. However, given VNL’s recently established investment objective of disposing of a portion of its portfolio,
the Company could potentially be put in a position where sales may be triggered earlier than ideally desired. The Board reviews
all such decisions and under normal circumstances is not prepared to assume the development risk that would result from
continuing to hold an investment which VNL is selling. The Company also holds a stake in VNL itself and supports the board of
that company in its objective of disposing of a portion of its assets.
Valuation risk
The fair value of listed equities and bonds is based on quoted market prices at each balance sheet date and so, subject to
liquidity risks, they are considered a reliable estimate of the value of such investments.
The fair value of unlisted equities (private equities) and property is determined by using industry standard valuation
techniques. These valuation techniques maximise the use of observable market data where available and rely as little as
possible on entity specific estimates.
Given the inherent limitations of estimating the values of unlisted equities and real estate holdings, it is likely that the actual
proceeds from the sale of such assets will be different from their estimated fair value at a given point in time. The Company
seeks to ensure that such investments are appropriately valued by obtaining annual valuations from suitably qualified
independent valuation firms and ensuring that the Audit and Valuation Committee carefully reviews such valuation reports.
With specific reference to real estate and due to the highly subjective nature of valuing property in Vietnam, two independent
valuation firms are used to value each property on the same day. The Audit and Valuation Committee may choose to accept
one of these valuations or may apply its own judgement in making further adjustment to arrive at a valuation that it believes
best reflects the current market value of the asset. Property valuations are also updated each six months, given the likelihood
of significant changes in value over the course of each year.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Report of the Directors
37
Economic risks
Vietnam has experienced substantial and volatile rates of inflation in recent years. Also, from time to time in the recent past,
there have been periods when a shortage of foreign currency in the market has delayed the remittance of funds outside the
country. The Investment Manager seeks to manage such economic risks through the use and analysis of information provided
by the Investment Manager’s in-house economist and external sources, and by modifying the Company’s investment strategies
in response to such information.
Interest rate risk
The Company seeks to achieve a market rate of return on cash funds held for investment purposes. As a result the Group is
exposed to interest rate risk related to these holdings, as well as on bond investments and on loans provided to third parties
(usually in connection with real estate investments). Cash holdings, bonds and loans are typically subject to a fixed interest
rate, although as these are often short-term in nature, re-pricing can occur frequently.
The Company has no significant debt and therefore it is not exposed to significant cash flow risks associated with fluctuating
interest rates on loans it might have received.
The Investment Manager evaluates the Company’s exposure to interest rates each month with the objective of ensuring that
the rates of interest being earned and paid are appropriate for the risks the Company is exposed to through cash holdings,
bonds and loans. These exposures are reviewed at each Board meeting.
Currency risk
The Company’s exposure to risk resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates is considered to be moderate by the
Board despite domestic transactions being settled in VND. The value of the VND has historically been closely linked to that of
the USD, the Group’s reporting currency and might be expected to decline over time by an amount equivalent to the inflation
differential between VND and USD. The Group has not entered into any hedging mechanism as the estimated costs of available
instruments outweigh their benefits.
On an ongoing basis the Investment Manager analyses the current economic environment and expected future conditions and
decides the optimal currency mix considering the risk of currency fluctuation, interest rate return differentials and transaction
costs. The Investment Manager updates the Board regularly and reports on any significant changes or further actions to be taken.
Political and legal risk
As with most emerging countries, investing in Vietnam involves certain considerations not usually associated with investments
in developed countries. These include political and legal risks which may restrict or impact investment opportunities. As a one-
party state, the political environment in Vietnam is relatively stable. However, changes within the government, major policy
shifts or lack of consensus between the government and powerful economic groups could lead to political instability which
would have an adverse effect on investments.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Report of the Directors
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The legal and regulatory risks are higher in Vietnam than in many developed jurisdictions because there is still a considerable
degree of legislative uncertainty, inconsistency in interpreting the laws and regulations, and unpredictability in matters of dispute
resolution and the enforcement of arbitration awards. The Group seeks to manage these legal risks and others through the use of
the Investment Manager’s in-house legal team and external legal advisors, when appropriate.
Tax risks
The Company seeks to comply with the relevant tax jurisdictions in which it conducts its business. As an exempt company
incorporated in the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to income, state, corporation, capital gains or other taxes in
the Cayman Islands. Also, a number of the Company’s subsidiaries are domiciled in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) and have
a similar tax exempt status. Those subsidiaries and associate companies incorporated in Singapore and Vietnam are subject
to the respective tax laws of those countries. These entities are the vehicles through which a number of the underlying
investments are held.
The Investment Manager manages tax risks by obtaining appropriate professional advice before entering into binding
material commitments.
Manager risk
The Company has a high level of dependence on the Investment Manager which is tasked, under the Investment Management
Agreement, with carrying out most of the Company’s day to day activities. For this reason the Board actively reviews the
Investment Manager’s key policies with respect to the hiring and maintaining of suitable resources to manage the Company.
This risk is mitigated to some degree by the fact that a large team is dedicated to the management of the Company, but it is
inevitable that the Company is dependent on the services of certain key employees of the Investment Manager.
Ownership risk
Whenever possible the Investment Manager seeks to structure transactions through recognised and transparent legal
investment structures. However, from time to time in the past, there has been a need to structure investments using trust
arrangements whereby the legal title to certain investments may be held by a third party. These arrangements expose the Group
to the loss of the investment if the trustee was to renege on its obligations and no legitimate legal recourse was to present itself.
Over the last three years the Investment Manager has made a concerted effort to unwind such arrangements so that the total
value of investments held under such structures is no longer material to the portfolio. Similar new arrangements will only be
entered into if absolutely necessary and would be subject to appropriate operational controls and legal documentation.
Discount risk
The shares of the Company trade at a price which may differ significantly from its NAV. In recent years, the shares have traded
at a large discount to that NAV and the Board has sought to limit the discount by operating a share buyback programme. There
is no guarantee that this programme will be successful, although its operation at prices lower than NAV will serve to enhance
that NAV. Shareholders are therefore exposed to this risk, albeit in the knowledge that the Board is attempting to mitigate it.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Report of the Directors
39
Distribution of Income
It is intended that the Company’s income will consist wholly or mainly of investment income. The Directors currently intend to reinvest
a large part of income to take advantage of opportunities meeting the Company’s investment and return objectives, and where
suitable opportunities are not available to distribute substantially all of the Company’s income and capital gains to holders of the
ordinary shares. The distribution of dividends may be made in the form of a tender offer to shareholders at NAV for tax efficiency for
certain shareholders.
Results and dividend
The results of the Group for the year and the state of its affairs as at that date are set out in the consolidated financial
statements on pages 55 to 113.
The Board does not recommend the payment of a dividend for the year (year ended 30 June 2013: Nil).
Discount Management
The Board has been mindful over the last several years of the wide discount to NAV per share at which the shares have been
trading. In October 2011, the Board sought and obtained shareholder approval to implement a share buyback programme. By
30 June 2014, a total of 86,355,265 million shares had been bought back, a return of capital to shareholders of approximately
USD166.4 million, which in turn has had a number of positive effects for shareholders:
• The discount to NAV at which the shares trade has narrowed considerably from a high of approximately 42 per cent at the
commencement of the buyback programme in November 2011 to 23.5 per cent as at 30 June 2014; and
• Since the commencement of the buyback programme, the NAV per share has been enhanced by approximately 36 cents
per share from these buybacks, equating to a 12.3 per cent benefit to the Company’s NAV per share.
As at 27 October 2014, being the latest practicable date prior to the publication of this report, 92,984,983 million shares had
been bought back. The total amount paid for these shares was USD 184.1 million.
The Board remains determined to continue to operate the share buyback programme in an effort to ensure that the share
price more closely reflects the underlying NAV per share and that NAV per share continues to be enhanced. While no public
announcement has been made in terms of the target percentage discount or the volume of funds to be allocated to buybacks,
the Board considers the current discount to be too high.
The Board will continue to retain responsibility for setting the parameters for the discount management policy, for overseeing
the management of the buyback programme and for ensuring that its policy is implemented. The Board intends to continue to
seek to narrow the discount through the continued use of share buybacks and will consider using other means of addressing
the discount level should it persist at the current wide level. The Board’s objective is to achieve a narrowing of the discount
in a manner that is sustainable over the longer term. The Board and the Investment Manager intend to consult regularly with
Shareholders with a view to assessing and improving the effectiveness of the buyback programme.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Report of the Directors
40
Share Capital and Treasury Shares
At the year end, the Company had 324,610,259 ordinary shares in issue, of which 86,355,265 were held in treasury. As at
27 October 2014, there were 324,610,259 ordinary shares in issue of which 92,984,983 were held in treasury and 231,625,276
shares were in circulation.
Investment Manager
The Investment Manager is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Company’s investment portfolio including the
acquisition, monitoring and disposal of assets in line with the strategy and framework set out by the Board.
Following the shareholders’ rejection of the Company’s discontinuation at the EGM held in July 2013, the Company entered
into an Amended and Restated Investment Management Agreement (“the Agreement”) which the Board believes to be best
practice for investment management agreements. The Agreement reduced the base investment management and incentive
fees by 25 per cent and restructured the incentive fee to better align the interests of the Investment Manager with those of the
shareholders. The notice period for termination of the Agreement remains at six months.
Investment Manager’s Fees
The Investment Manager is entitled to receive from the Company a base fee (“the Management Fee”) and, where applicable, a
performance-related fee (“the Incentive Fee”).
Under the Agreement, the Management Fee is reduced from 2 per cent per annum of the NAV of the Group to 1.5 per cent per
annum of the NAV, payable monthly in arrears.
In respect of the Incentive Fee, under the previous agreement, the Investment Manager was eligible for a payment equal
to 20 per cent of the performance subject to an 8 per cent hurdle and full catch up. Under the new Agreement, the level of
Incentive Fee has reduced to 15 per cent per annum. The hurdle rate remains the same.
For the purpose of calculating the Incentive Fee, the net assets have been segregated into a Direct Real Estate Portfolio and a
Capital Markets Portfolio. A separate Incentive Fee is calculated for each portfolio and operates independently so that for any
financial year it will be possible for an Incentive Fee to become payable in relation to one, both or neither portfolio, depending
on the performance of each portfolio. The amount of Incentive Fees paid in any single financial year is limited to 1.5 per cent of
the applicable closing NAV of the portfolio from which the Incentive Fee was earned.
In return for the overall reduction in the quantum of the Incentive Fee that can be paid, the Board agreed to re-set the high water
mark above which the Incentive Fee will be payable from USD4.09 per share to the higher of (i) 30 June 2013 NAV per share plus 5
per cent (being USD3.023) or (ii) USD3.037. The rationale for these values is that, assuming both portfolios increase in value at the
same rate, the NAV per share would need to increase in the first year to at least USD3.28 (USD3.037 increased by the 8 per cent
hurdle rate), the last NAV per share that a performance fee was paid, before any future incentive fee can be earned.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Report of the Directors
41
Continuing Appointment of the Investment Manager
The Board keeps the performance of the Investment Manager under review. It is the opinion of the Directors that the continuing
appointment of VinaCapital Investment Management Limited is in the best interests of shareholders as a whole. The Investment
Manager has one of the largest and best resourced investment teams in the Vietnamese markets, and has the capacity to
make and monitor investments across a range of different asset classes and sectors. The team is led by Andy Ho and comprises
his deputies Loan Dang and Duong Vuong and a further 13 investment analysts. In addition, the Company has access to the
investment team responsible for real estate investment, a significant part of which is made by the Company in joint ventures
with VNL, another closed ended Company managed by VCIM. The investment returns earned by the Company over the
current year and over the longer term have been good and bear witness to the capability of the team. The investment team is
supported by a full infrastructure to allow it sufficient time for investment tasks. VinaCapital also operates a risk management
and control environment with the goal of controlling the risks of investing in a less developed market.
Board of Directors
The Directors who served during the year and up to the date of this report are as follows:
Steven Bates
Martin Adams
Thuy Dam
Martin Glynn
Michael Gray
Don Lam
Position
Chairman
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Date of appointment/(resignation)
5 February 2013, appointed as chairman on 1 May 2013
5 February 2013
7 March 2014
18 March 2008
24 June 2009
18 March 2008
The biographies of the Directors in office as at the date of this report are shown on pages 32 and 33.
As set out in the Chairman’s Statement on pages 2 to 6, Mr Glynn and Mr Lam will not seek re-election at the forthcoming AGM.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Report of the Directors
42
The UK Corporate Governance Code, published by the Financial Reporting Council in September 2012 (“UK Code”), provides
that all directors of FTSE 350 companies should be subject to annual election by shareholders. Although VOF, as an AIM quoted
company, is not required to comply with this provision, the Board is committed to achieving the highest standards of corporate
governance and, as such, has decided to adopt best practice in this area. As explained in the 2013 Annual Report and Accounts
the Board has decided that all Directors will stand for election annually. Accordingly, Messrs Bates, Adams and Gray will each
retire and stand for re-election at the 2014 Annual General Meeting. The UK Code also provides that all directors should be
subject to election by shareholders at the first annual general meeting following their appointment. Accordingly Ms Thuy, who
was appointed on 7 March 2014, will retire and stand for election at the 2014 Annual General Meeting.
Directors’ interests in the Company
As at 30 June 2014, the interests of the Directors in the shares are as follows:
Steven Bates
Martin Adams
Thuy Dam
Martin Glynn
Michael Gray
Don Lam
Direct holding
Indirect holding
Approximate direct
and indirect holding
–
–
–
60,000
100,000
1,005,859
–
–
–
–
–
235,342
–
–
–
0.018%
0.031%
0.382%
There have been no changes to any holdings between 30 June 2014 and the date of this report.
Substantial Shareholdings
As at 30 June 2014 and 31 August 2014, the Directors are aware of the following interests in the Company’s voting rights:
Shareholder
Lazard Asset Management LLC
Bank of New York Mellon SA
UBS Zurich
SMBC NIKKO
State Street Bank Trust
Bank Julius Baer, Zurich
Credit Suisse
30 June 2014
31 August 2014
Number of
ordinary shares
%
of voting rights
Number of
ordinary shares
%
of voting rights
18,917,309
14,635,404
14,635,404
14,499,533
7,823,348
7,805,277
7,636,594
7.98
6.14
6.14
6.09
3.28
3.28
3.22
19,356,720
14,690,404
15,938,409
13,900,000
8,198,348
7,907,923
8,959,743
8.16
6.21
6.73
5.87
3.46
3.34
3.74
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Report of the Directors
43
Annual General Meeting (“AGM”)
As one of the enhancements agreed by the Board, following its review in 2012 of the Company’s corporate governance
arrangements, an AGM will be held each year. The Company’s first AGM was held in November 2013 in Zurich. The Company’s
second AGM will be held at 4pm local time on Wednesday, 26 November 2014 at the offices of VinaCapital Singapore at
6 Temasek Boulevard, #42-01, Suntec Tower 4, Singapore 038986. The Notice of Meeting is set out on pages 114 to 115. The
following notes provide an explanation of the resolutions being proposed by the Board:
Resolution 1 – Report and Accounts
The Directors are proposing an ordinary resolution to adopt the Company’s financial statements for the financial year ended
30 June 2014.
Resolutions 2 – 5 – Re-election of Directors
As set out on page 42 all Directors will retire and submit themselves for re-election annually. The Board is satisfied that each of
the Directors continues to be effective and demonstrates a commitment to the role and that each of the Directors continues to
be able to dedicate sufficient time to their duties.
The Directors believe that the Board continues to include an appropriate balance of skills knowledge which include significant financial
experience, extensive knowledge of South East Asia and experience of public companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Full biographies of all the Directors are set out on pages 32 and 33 and are also available for viewing on VCIM’s website
(http://www.vinacapital.com).
Resolution 6 – re-appointment of auditor
The Board is proposing the re-appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers (“PwC”) as the Group’s auditor for the financial year
to 30 June 2015. This resolution, if passed, also gives authority to the Directors to determine the auditor’s remuneration.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Report of the Directors
44
Auditor
The Group’s Auditor is PwC. PwC was appointed in November 2011, following a tender process. Shareholders approved their
re-appointment at the 2013 AGM.
Corporate Governance
The Corporate Governance Statement on pages 45 to 52 forms part of the Report of the Directors.
Going Concern
The Directors have carefully reviewed the Company’s current financial resources and the projected expenses for the next 12
months. On the basis of that review and as the majority of net assets are securities which are traded actively on the Vietnam Stock
Exchange, the Directors are satisfied that the Company’s resources are adequate for continuing in business for the foreseeable
future and that it is appropriate to prepare the Group’s financial statements on a going concern basis.
Subsequent events after the reporting date
No significant events have occurred since the reporting date which would impact on the financial position of the Group as
disclosed in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as at 30 June 2014 or on the results and operations and cash flows of the Group
for the year then ended.
On behalf of the Board
Steven Bates
Chairman
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund Limited
28 October 2014
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Corporate Governance Statement
45
CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE
STATEMENT
The Board is committed to attain and maintain a high standard of corporate governance, with the ultimate aim being to protect
shareholders’ and other stakeholders’ interests. In early 2012, the Board undertook a review of the Company’s corporate
governance structure in light of developments in international standards and practices since the Company was incorporated in
2003. The review resulted in a number of changes designed to enhance shareholders’ rights, relating to annual general meetings,
the re-election of Directors and the ability of shareholders to demand the convening of an extraordinary general meeting.
The Company is admitted to trading on AIM and, as such, is not required to meet the same standards of corporate governance
as applied by companies listed on the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange. Nevertheless, the Board has considered the
principles and recommendations of the Association of Investment Companies’ Code of Corporate Governance (“AIC Code”) by
reference to the AIC Corporate Governance Guide for Investment Companies (“AIC Guide”). The AIC Code, as explained by
the AIC Guide, addresses all the principles set out in the UK Corporate Governance Code (“the UK Code”), as well as setting
out additional principles and recommendations on issues that are of specific relevance to investment companies. The Board
considers that reporting against the principles and recommendations of the AIC Code, and by reference to the AIC Guide
(which incorporates the UK Code), will provide better information to shareholders. The AIC Code can be found on the AIC website
at www.theaic.co.uk/aic-code-of-corporate-governance.
The UK Code includes provisions relating to:
• The role of the chief executive;
• Executive directors’ remuneration; and
• The need for an internal audit function.
For the reasons set out in the AIC Guide and in the preamble to the AIC Code, and as explained in the UK Code the Board
considers these provisions are not relevant to the position of the Company, being an externally managed investment company.
In particular, all of the Company’s day-to-day management and administration functions are outsourced to third parties. The
Company has therefore not reported further in respect of these provisions.
City Code on Takeovers and Mergers (the “City Code”)
The Panel on Takeovers and Mergers supervises and regulates takeovers and other matters to which the City Code applies.
The City Code does not apply to the Company.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Corporate Governance Statement
46
Board of Directors
The Board consists entirely of non-executive Directors.
The Board meets at least four times a year and uses a structured agenda to ensure that all key areas are reviewed, covering but
not limited to the review of the Company’s strategy, financial position and performance, the Investment Manager’s operations
and shareholder relations. During the year to 30 June 2014, the number of scheduled Board and Committee meetings attended
by each Director was as follows:
Board
meetings
Audit and Valuation
Committee meetings
Management
Engagement
Committee
meetings*
Nomination
Committee
meetings*
Remuneration
Committee
meetings*
5 (5)
5 (5)
3 (3)
5 (5)
5 (5)
5 (5)
6 (6)
6 (6)
2 (2)
6 (6)
6 (6)
N/A
2 (2)
2 (2)
0 (0)
2 (2)
2 (2)
N/A
1 (1)
1 (1)
0 (0)
1 (1)
1 (1)
N/A
2 (2)
2 (2)
0 (0)
2 (2)
2 (2)
N/A
Steven Bates†
Martin Adams‡
Thuy Dam
Martin Glynn
Michael Gray±
Don Lam
† Steven Bates is Chairman of the Board and the Nomination Committee.
‡ Martin Adams is Chairman of the Management Engagement Committee.
± Michael Gray is Chairman of the Audit and Valuation Committee.
* During the year the Remuneration, Nomination and Management Engagement Committee ceased to exist. Meetings held by that Committee have been
included in the calculation of meetings held by the Management Engagement Committee, Nomination Committee and Remuneration Committee held during
the year.
Figures in brackets indicate the number of meetings held in the year in respect of which the individual was eligible to attend
as either a Board or Committee member. Mr Lam is not a member of any of the Board Committees, so his attendance at those
meetings is not included in the table above.
Board responsibilities
The Board is responsible to shareholders for the determination and implementation of the Company’s investment policy, and the
direction and long-term performance of the Company and the entities which it controls. The Board oversees the implementation
of a high standard of corporate governance with respect to the Company’s affairs, strategy, direction and the supervision of the
Investment Manager, as stipulated in the Investment Management Agreement (‘IMA’). The IMA documents the Investment Manager’s
responsibilities and authority to enter or exit investments, or enter into any commitments on behalf of the Company. Under the
agreement, the Board ensures the Investment Manager follows the Board’s strategic direction to achieve the investment objectives in
the identification, acquisition, management and disposal of investments and the determination of any financing arrangements.
The Company’s Directors have direct access to the Company’s Nominated Adviser, lawyers, brokers and the Investment
Manager’s Legal Counsel and Head of Compliance.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Corporate Governance Statement
47
Chairman and Senior Independent Director
Steven Bates is the Chairman of the Board. Mr Bates is considered by his fellow independent Board members to be independent,
to have no conflicting relationships, and to have sufficient time to commit to the Company’s affairs as necessary. Given the
size and nature of the Board it is not considered appropriate at the present time to appoint a senior independent director, as
recommended by the AIC Code.
Board independence and composition
In accordance with the AIC Code, the Board has reviewed the independent status of each individual Director and the Board as a whole.
A majority of the Board is independent of the Investment Manager. The Board is comprised of five independent Directors,
including the Chairman, and one non-independent Director, Mr Lam. Mr Lam is the Chief Executive Officer of the Investment
Manager, VCIM, and a Director of VinaCapital Group Limited. Mr Lam and Mr Glynn will not be seeking re-election at the 2014
AGM. Following their retirement the Board will consist of four non-executive directors all of whom are independent of VCIM.
The Board believes that each Director has appropriate qualifications, industry experience and expertise to guide the Company
and that the Board as a whole has an appropriate balance of skills, experience and knowledge. The Directors’ biographies can
be found on pages 32 and 33.
The selection of new Board members is initiated by recommendations from current Board members, shareholders, and/
or referrals from international recruitment agencies. After a shortlist of potential members is created and reviewed by the
Nomination Committee, a final candidate is nominated and presented to the Board for final consideration.
Re-election of Directors
All continuing Directors will submit themselves for annual re-election and therefore a policy on tenure is not deemed necessary.
Following recommendations from the Nominations Committee, the Board considers that all Directors continue to be effective,
committed to their roles and have sufficient time available to perform their duties. Messers Bates, Adams and Gray will seek
re-election at the Company’s forthcoming AGM. Being the first AGM since her appointment, Ms Thuy will seek election at
the forth coming AGM. Below are brief descriptions of the experience and knowledge the Directors standing for election/re-
election bring to the boardroom.
Steven Bates – was appointed to the Board in May 2013 bringing to the role his experience as a fund manager specialising
in emerging markets and closed ended funds. Steven is an experienced and effective chairman, already demonstrating his
commitment to the Company.
Michael Gray – has extensive experience in accounting and auditing in Vietnam and the region generally. A very effective
chairman of the Audit and Valuation Committee, Michael continues to devote considerable time and effort to the role as well
as participating fully in broader Board discussions.
Martin Adams – an expert in closed ended funds with an excellent reputation as a champion of shareholder rights, Martin has a
background as an Asian investment specialist, having managed funds in Vietnam since 1989, and is a very effective advocate for
applying the highest standards across all areas of the Company’s operations.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Corporate Governance Statement
48
Thuy Dam – has had a distinguished career as a banker in the Indochina region, mostly spent with ANZ Banking Group. She
has unusually extensive knowledge of the Vietnamese investment environment and brings an independent and expert view of
many of the issues faced by the Company.
The Directors’ terms of engagement are set out in letters of appointment which are available for inspection at the company’s
registered office and at the AGM.
Board committees
During the year, there were four Board committees in operation: the Audit and Valuation Committee, Management
Engagement Committee, Remuneration Committee and Nomination Committee. Each Committee was comprised solely
of independent Directors. The chairmanship and membership of each Committee throughout the year, and the number
of meetings held during the year, is shown in the table on page 46. A summary of the duties of each of the Committees is
provided below. The terms of reference are available on the Company’s website: www.vinacapital.com/VOF.
Audit and Valuation Committee
The Audit and Valuation Committee, which will meet at least twice a year, comprises all independent Directors and is chaired
by Mr Gray.
The Committee is responsible for monitoring the process of production and ensuring the integrity of the Company’s accounts.
The primary responsibilities of the Committee are: to oversee the relationship with the Auditor and make recommendations
to the Board in relation to their re-appointment and to approve their remuneration and terms of engagement; to assess
the Auditor’s independence and objectivity and the effectiveness of the audit process; to review the effectiveness of the
Company’s internal control environment; to identify, assess, monitor and mitigate the risks associated with the Company’s
business; to monitor adherence to best practice in corporate governance; and to review the Company’s whistleblowing
arrangements and its procedures for detecting fraud and preventing bribery and corruption.
In discharging its responsibility to oversee the Auditor’s independence, the Audit and Valuation Committee considers
whether any other engagements provided to the auditor will have an effect on, or perception of, compromising the Auditor’s
independence and objectivity. The performance of services outside of external audit must be specific and approved by the Audit
and Valuation Committee Chairman.
In respect of its remit over the valuation of investments, the Committee’s primary goal is to ensure that the Company’s investments
are recorded at fair value. In doing so, the Committee reviews the reports of independent valuation specialists as well as reviewing
the Investment Manager’s valuation process. Each individual valuation is reviewed in detail and the recommendations of the
independent valuers may be accepted or modified. The Committee approves the fair value of investments used to prepare the
financial statements.
The Audit and Valuation Committee’s Chairman presents the Committee’s findings to the Board at each Board meeting.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Corporate Governance Statement
49
Management Engagement Committee
The Management Engagement Committee comprises all independent Directors and is chaired by Mr Adams. The Committee’s
responsibilities include: reviewing the performance of the Investment Manager under the Investment Management Agreement
and to consider any variation to the terms of the agreement. The Management Engagement Committee also reviews the
performance of the nominated adviser, company secretary, corporate brokers, custodian, administrator and registrar and any
matters concerning their respective agreements with the Company.
Remuneration Committee
The Remuneration Committee comprises all independent Directors and was chaired by Mr Glynn for the year to 30 June 2014.
Following his retirement after the AGM, the Chairmanship will be taken on by Ms Dam. The Committee’s responsibilities
include: setting the policy for the remuneration of the Company’s Chairman, the Audit and Valuation Committee Chairman and
the Directors, and reviewing the ongoing appropriateness and relevance of the remuneration policy; determining the individual
remuneration policy of each non-executive Director; agreeing the policy for authorising Directors’ expenses claims; and the
selection and appointment of any remuneration consultants who advise the Committee.
Nomination Committee
The Nomination Committee comprises all independent Directors and is chaired by Mr Bates. The Committee’s responsibilities
include: reviewing the structure, size and composition of the Board and making recommendations to the Board in respect of
any changes; succession planning for the Chairman and the Directors; making recommendations to the Board concerning the
membership and chairmanship of the Board committees; identifying and nominating for the approval of the Board candidates
to fill Board vacancies; and, before any new appointment is recommended; evaluating the balance of skills, knowledge,
experience and diversity within the Board and preparing an appropriate role description.
The Management Engagement Committee, the Remuneration Committee and the Nomination Committee will each meet at
least once a year.
Internal Controls and Risk Management
The Board is responsible for determining the nature and extent of the significant risks which it is willing to take in achieving its
strategic objectives and maintaining sound risk management and internal control systems and for reviewing their effectiveness.
The risk management process and systems of internal control are designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure
to achieve the Company’s objectives. It should be recognised that such systems can only provide reasonable, not absolute,
assurance against material misstatement or loss.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Corporate Governance Statement
50
Risk management system
The Investment Manager’s Enterprise Risk Management (‘ERM’) framework provides a structured approach to managing
risk across all of its managed funds by establishing a risk management culture through education and training, formalised
risk management procedures, defining roles and responsibilities with respect to managing risk, and establishing reporting
mechanisms to monitor the effectiveness of the framework. The Audit Committee works closely with the Investment Manager
on the application and review of the ERM framework to the Company’s risk environment.
Regular risk assessments and reviews of internal controls are undertaken by the Board in the context of the Company’s investment
policy. The review covers the strategic, investment, operational and financial risks facing the Company. In arriving at its judgement
of the risks the Company faces, the Board has considered the Company’s operations in the light of the following factors:
• the nature and extent of risks which it regards as acceptable for the Company to bear within its overall business objective;
• the threat of such risks becoming reality;
• the Company’s ability to reduce the incidence and impact of risk on its performance; and
• the cost to the Company and benefits related to the Company of third parties operating the relevant controls.
Internal control assessment process
The key procedures which have been established to provide effective internal financial controls are as follows:
•
investment management is provided by VCIM. The Board is responsible for the implementation of the overall investment
policy and monitors the investment performance, actions and regulatory compliance of the Investment Manager at
regular meetings;
• accounting is provided by VCIM;
• the provision of fund administration and custody of assets is undertaken by HSBC Institutional Trust Services Limited;
• the duties of investment management, accounting and custody of assets are appropriately segregated. The procedures of
the individual parties are designed to complement one another;
• VCIM, on behalf of the Directors of the Company, clearly defines the duties and responsibilities of their agents and
advisers in the terms of their contracts. The appointment of agents and advisers is conducted after consideration of the
quality of the parties involved. The Management Engagement Committee (previously the Remuneration Committee)
monitors their ongoing performance and contractual agreements;
• mandates for authorisation of investment transactions and expense payments are set by the Board and documented in
the Investment Management Agreement; and
• the Board receives financial information produced by the Investment Manager on a regular basis. Board meetings are held
at least once a quarter to review such information.
• Actions are taken to remedy any significant failings or weaknesses, if identified. No major control deficiencies were
identified during the year or up to the date of this report.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Corporate Governance Statement
51
Internal audit
The Company does not have its own internal audit function. All of the Company’s management functions are delegated to
independent third parties whose controls are reviewed by the Investment Manager and the Board. It is therefore felt that there
is no requirement for the Company to have an internal audit function separate from that retained by the Investment Manager.
The Investment Manager appointed KPMG Vietnam as its internal auditor for the fiscal year. The internal audit work
was performed based on an internal audit plan reviewed by the Company’s Audit Committee. The internal auditors have
unrestricted access to the business and the Company’s Audit and Valuation Committee. They performed audits of the control
environment, procedures, and internal controls in respect to the audit areas selected for review. The internal auditor presents
its findings to the Audit and Valuation Committee. During the year, no serious control breaches were reported.
Following a tender process and after the Company’s year end, KPMG were replaced by EY, with the agreement of the Board.
The Board will continue to have direct access to the internal auditor who will be responsible for the implementation of a
detailed plan which has been agreed by the Board. EY will also respond to specific requests of the directors and will disclose all
applicable findings to the Board.
Code of Conduct and Compliance
All employees of the Investment Manager must adhere to the Code of Conduct set out in the Investment Manager’s Compliance
manual. The Investment Manager has adopted a Code of Conduct based on the International Organisation of Securities
Commissions (“IOSCO”) International Code of Business Principles 1990, which serves as a model reference for regulators in
Vietnam. The manual also incorporates the necessary requirements of any applicable anti-bribery and corruption regulations.
All staff are required to sign an annual compliance attestation confirming compliance with the Code of Conduct and
Compliance manual, including their commitment to the fraud and whistleblower policies and procedures. Non-compliance will
result in disciplinary action.
Shareholder relations
The Board retains oversight of this process by monitoring the investor relations activities of the Investment Manager and
the shareholder profile. Dialogue with shareholders is given a high priority by the Directors, who are keen to improve
channels of communication and encourage shareholders to engage directly, the first step being the Board’s commitment to
hold Annual General Meetings. Shareholders are encouraged to attend and vote at the Annual General Meeting to be held
on Wednesday, 26 November 2014 and any shareholder wishing to lodge questions in advance of the meeting is invited to
do so by writing to ir@vinacapital.com.
Voting Policy
The exercise of the voting rights attached to the Company’s portfolio has been delegated to the Manager who as a policy votes
at all meetings of investee companies.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Directors’ Remuneration Report
52
Policy on Directors’ Fees
The Board’s policy is that the remuneration of the independent non-executive Directors should reflect the experience and time
commitment of the Board as a whole, and is determined with reference to comparable organisations and available market
information each year.
Independent Directors’ Fees
The fees for the independent Directors are determined within the limit set out in the Company’s Articles of Association, which
provide that the aggregate total remuneration paid to independent Directors shall not exceed USD500,000 (or such higher
amount as may be approved by the Company in a general meeting) in respect of any 12-month period.
For the year to 30 June 2014, Directors’ remuneration remained the same, being USD90,000 for the Chairman and USD75,000
for the independent Directors, with USD5,000 for membership of the Audit and Valuation Committee and USD15,000 for
chairmanship of the same.
Directors’ Emoluments for the Year
The Directors who served during the year received the following emoluments in the form of fees.
DIRECTORS’
REMUNERATION
REPORT
Steven Bates (appointed 5 February 2013)
William Vanderfelt (resigned 1 May 2013)
Martin Adams (appointed 5 February 2013)
Thuy Dam (appointed 7 March 2014)
Michael Gray
Martin Glynn
Don Lam
Mr Lam does not receive emoluments from the Company.
Year to
30 June 2014
USD
90,000
–
80,000
19,000
90,000
80,000
–
364,000
Year to
30 June 2013
USD
27,500
75,000
18,333
–
60,000
60,000
–
240,833
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
53
STATEMENT
OF DIRECTORS’
RESPONSIBILITIES
Board of Directors’ responsibility in respect of the consolidated financial statements
When preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Board of Directors is required to:
i. adopt appropriate accounting policies which are supported by reasonable and prudent judgements and estimates and
then apply them consistently;
ii. comply with the disclosure requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International
Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) or, if there have been any departures in the interest of fair presentation, ensure that
these have been appropriately disclosed, explained and quantified in the consolidated financial statements;
iii. maintain adequate accounting records and an effective system of internal control;
iv. prepare the consolidated financial statements on a going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to assume that the
Company will continue its operations in the foreseeable future; and
v. control and direct effectively the Group in all material decisions affecting its operations and performance and ascertain
that such decisions and/or instructions have been properly reflected in the consolidated financial statements.
The Board of Directors is also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for
the prevention and detection of fraud and errors.
The Board of Directors confirms that the Group has complied with the above requirements in preparing the consolidated
financial statements.
Statement by the Board of Directors
In the opinion of the Board of Directors, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statement of changes in
equity, consolidated income statement, consolidated statement of comprehensive income, and consolidated statement of cash
flows, together with the notes thereto, have been properly drawn up and give fair presentation of the financial position of the
Group as at 30 June 2014 and the results of its operations and cash flows for the year ended on that date in accordance with
the International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB.
On behalf of the Board of Directors
Steven Bates
Chairman
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund Limited
28 October 2014
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Independent Auditor’s Report
54
INDEPENDENT
AUDITOR’S
REPORT
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements set out on pages 55 to 113, which comprise the
consolidated balance sheet of VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund Limited (“the Company”) and its subsidiaries (together
“the Group”) as at 30 June 2014, the consolidated statements of changes in equity, the consolidated statement of income, the
consolidated statement of comprehensive income, and the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year then ended and a
summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.
Directors’ responsibility for the consolidated financial statements
The Directors are responsible for the preparation of consolidated financial statements that give a true and fair view in
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), and for such internal control as the Directors determine
is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether
due to fraud or error.
Auditor’s responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we comply with
ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial
statements are free from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated
financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks
of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk
assessments, the auditor considers internal controls relevant to the entity’s preparation of consolidated financial statements
that give a true and fair view in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the
purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal controls. An audit also includes evaluating the
appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by the Directors, as well as
evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group as at 30 June
2014, and of its financial performance and cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with IFRS.
Other matters
This report, including the opinion, has been prepared for and only for you, as a body, in accordance with our agreed terms of
engagement and for no other purpose. We do not assume responsibility towards or accept liability to any other person for the
contents of this report.
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Certified Public Accountants
28 October 2014
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Consolidated Balance Sheet
55
CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
ASSETS
Non-current
Plant and equipment
Investment properties
Interests in associates
Prepayments for acquisition of investment properties
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Available-for-sale financial assets
Long-term loan to an associate
Other non-current assets
Total non-current assets
Current
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Short-term loans to related parties
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Available-for-sale financial assets
Term deposit
Cash and cash equivalents
Total current assets
Assets classified as held for sale
Total assets
Note
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
5
6
11
7
28(d)
9
10
28(d)
11
7
12
13
3,114
4,175
169,505
7,895
4,697
6,033
–
792
196,211
7,216
14,515
5,235
552,339
–
4,695
21,551
605,551
3,726
805,488
3,093
3,722
182,090
8,239
4,697
5,784
1,325
207
209,157
7,413
17,918
7,501
467,762
8,700
–
53,392
562,686
–
771,843
The notes on pages 63 to 113 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Consolidated Balance Sheet (continued)
56
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
EQUITY
Equity attributable to shareholders of the Company
Share capital
Additional paid-in capital
Treasury shares
Revaluation reserve
Available-for-sale financial assets reserve
Foreign currency translation reserve
Retained earnings
Total equity attributable to shareholders of the Company
Non-controlling interests
Total equity
LIABILITIES
Non-current
Other long-term liabilities
Total non-current liabilities
Current
Short-term bank borrowings
Trade and other payables
Payable to related parties
Total current liabilities
Total liabilities
Total equity and liabilities
Net asset value, USD per share attributable
to shareholders of the Company
Note
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
14
15
16
17
18
28(c)
3,246
722,064
(165,939)
33,281
–
(19,186)
205,489
778,955
849
779,804
189
189
7,839
4,566
13,090
25,495
25,684
3,246
722,064
(113,639)
31,376
4,336
(18,763)
123,823
752,443
1,089
753,532
236
236
2,261
13,658
2,156
18,075
18,311
805,488
771,843
26(c)
3.27
2.88
The notes on pages 63 to 113 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
57
Attributable to shareholders of the Company
Share
capital
USD’000
Additional
paid-in
capital
USD’000
Treasury
shares
USD’000
Revaluation
reserve
USD’000
Available-
for-sale
financial
assets
reserve
USD’000
Foreign
currency
translation
reserve
USD’000
3,246
722,064
(17,785)
28,602
14,180
(17,011)
Retained
earnings
USD’000
32,349
90,254
1,220
Total
USD’000
765,645
90,254
–
–
(1,220)
3,994
–
–
–
–
(9,844)
(1,752)
–
(7,602)
Non-
controlling
interests
USD’000
–
(202)
–
(151)
Total
equity
USD’000
765,645
90,052
–
(7,753)
(353)
1,442
82,299
1,442
2,774
(9,844)
(1,752)
91,474
82,652
–
–
31,376
31,376
–
1,905
–
–
4,336
4,336
–
(4,336)
–
–
–
–
–
(95,854)
–
(95,854)
(18,763)
123,823
752,443
(18,763)
123,823
752,443
–
(423)
81,666
–
81,666
(2,854)
1,089
1,089
(239)
(1)
753,532
753,532
81,427
(2,855)
1,905
(4,336)
(423)
81,666
78,812
(240)
78,572
(52,300)
–
–
–
–
–
(52,300)
(19,186)
205,489
778,955
–
849
(52,300)
779,804
Balance at 1 July 2012
Profit for the year
Disposal of associate
Other comprehensive income/(loss)
Total comprehensive
income/(loss) for the year
Acquisition of subsidiary
Transactions with shareholders
Ordinary shares repurchased
Balance at 30 June 2013
Balance at 1 July 2013
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income/(loss)
Total comprehensive
income/(loss) for the year
Transactions with shareholders
Ordinary shares repurchased
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(95,854)
3,246
3,246
722,064
(113,639)
722,064
(113,639)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Balance at 30 June 2014
3,246
722,064
(165,939)
33,281
The notes on pages 63 to 113 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Consolidated Statement of Income
58
Year ended
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
Note
19
19
20(a)
21
22(a)
23
24
20(b)
20(b)
5
Revenue
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Dividend income
Interest income
Fair value gain of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, net
Fair value gain on investment property
Selling, general and administration expenses
Other income
Other expenses
Operating profit
Finance income
Finance costs
Finance costs, net
Share of losses of associates, net of tax
Profit before tax
Corporate income tax
Withholding taxes on investment income
Profit for the year
Profit attributable to:
Shareholders of the Company
Non-controlling interests
Earnings per share – basic and diluted (USD per share)
26(a),(b)
The notes on pages 63 to 113 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
11,445
(8,377)
3,068
19,804
1,951
97,307
473
(26,864)
6,558
(14,725)
87,572
224
(938)
(714)
(4,230)
(4,944)
82,628
(64)
(1,137)
81,427
81,666
(239)
81,427
0.33
9,982
(7,639)
2,343
23,906
3,427
89,254
-
(20,740)
11,122
(9,327)
99,985
89
(1,136)
(1,047)
(8,214)
(9,261)
90,724
(16)
(656)
90,052
90,254
(202)
90,052
0.31
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Consolidated Statement of
Other Comprehensive Income
59
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income/(loss)
Items that will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
– Disposal of available-for-sale financial assets
– Currency translation differences
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
– Share of revaluation reserve of associates
Other comprehensive loss for the year
Total comprehensive income for the year
Attributable to:
Shareholders of the Company
Non-controlling interests
Year ended
Note
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
81,427
90,052
16
(4,336)
(424)
(4,760)
1,905
(2,855)
78,572
78,812
(240)
78,572
(9,844)
(1,903)
(11,747)
3,994
(7,753)
82,299
82,652
(353)
82,299
The notes on pages 63 to 113 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
60
Year ended
Note
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
Cash flows from operating activities
Profit before tax
Adjustments for:
– Asset depreciation and write off
– Net gain from realisation of financial assets at fair value through profit
or loss
– Unrealised gain from revaluation of financial assets at fair value
through profit or loss
– Loss on acquisition of investment
– Gain on disposal of available-for-sale financial assets
– Loss on disposal of associates
– Fair value gain of investment properties
– Gain on disposal of plant and equipment
– Share of losses of associates
– Unrealised losses from foreign exchange differences
– Interest expense
– Reversal of impairment losses
– Impairment of other assets
(Loss)/profit before changes in working capital
Change in trade receivables and other assets
Change in inventories
Change in trade payables and other liabilities
Income taxes paid
Net cash inflow from operating activities
21
21
23
5
20(b)
20(b)
23
24
82,628
90,724
674
531
(9,134)
(34,753)
(88,173)
–
(4,336)
–
(473)
(69)
4,230
76
573
(249)
14,045
(208)
(3,184)
197
9,041
(1,201)
4,645
(54,501)
449
(9,954)
667
–
–
8,214
168
281
–
1,937
3,763
2,604
(238)
3,359
(672)
8,816
The notes on pages 63 to 113 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (continued)
61
(continued)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of plant and equipment
Proceeds from disposal of plant and equipment
Dividends received
Acquisition of a subsidiary, net of cash acquired
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss:
– Acquisitions of investments
– Proceeds from disposals
Investments in associates:
– Acquisition of investments
– Investment refunded
– Proceeds from disposals
Available-for-sale financial assets:
– Proceed from disposals
Assets classified as held for sale:
– Proceed from disposals
Term deposit at bank
Shareholder loans:
– Advances made
– Repayments received
Net cash inflow from investing activities
Year ended
Note
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
5
28(d)
(756)
96
2,837
–
(76,216)
88,947
(1,137)
–
2,663
(400)
–
4,750
(1,235)
(104,865)
148,843
(46)
313
–
–
19,650
5,375
(4,695)
(1,888)
2,829
18,055
25,238
–
(1,779)
1,514
91,983
The notes on pages 63 to 113 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (continued)
62
(continued)
Cash flows from financing activities
Interest paid
Ordinary shares bought back
Loan proceeds from banks
Loan repayments to banks
Note
20(b)
Net cash outflow from financing activities
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents for the year
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
12
Year ended
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
(573)
(59,545)
25,798
(20,221)
(54,541)
(31,841)
53,392
21,551
(281)
(88,609)
7,087
(6,638)
(88,441)
12,358
41,034
53,392
The notes on pages 63 to 113 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 63
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
1
GENERAL INFORMATION
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund Limited (“the Company”) is a limited liability company incorporated in the
Cayman Islands. The registered office of the Company is PO Box 309GT, Ugland House, South Church Street, George
Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. The Company’s principal objective is to undertake various forms of investment,
primarily in Vietnam, as well as Cambodia, Laos and southern China. The Group and the Company invest in listed and
unlisted companies, debt instruments, private equity, real estate assets, and other opportunities with the objective of
achieving medium to long-term capital appreciation and investment income.
The Company is listed on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol VOF.
The Group is managed by VinaCapital Investment Management Limited (the “Investment Manager” or “VCIM”), an
investment management company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, under an amended and restated Investment
Management Agreement dated 24 June 2013 which became effective as of 1 July 2013 (the “Amended Management
Agreement”).
The Company does not have a fixed life, but the Board considers it desirable that shareholders should have the
opportunity to review the future of the Company at appropriate intervals. Accordingly, the Board intends that a
special resolution will be proposed every fifth year, that the Company ceases to continue as presently constituted.
If the resolution is not passed, the Company will continue to operate. If the resolution is passed, the Board will be
required to formulate proposals to be put to shareholders to reorganise, unitise or reconstruct the Company or for the
Company to be wound up. The Board tabled such a special resolution on 22 July 2013 and it was not passed, allowing
the Company to continue as presently constituted for another five years.
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2014 were approved for issue by the Board on
28 October 2014.
2
2.1
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out
below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented.
Basis of preparation
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the
IASB. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the historical cost convention, as modified by the
revaluation of properties, available-for-sale financial assets, financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, and financial
liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting
estimates. It also requires judgement to be exercised in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. The
areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant
to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 3.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 64
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2.2
a)
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Changes in accounting policy and disclosures
New standards and amendments adopted by the Group
The following new standards and amendments are mandatory for the first time for the financial year beginning 1 July
2013 and the Group adopted them in these consolidated financial statements:
IFRS 10, ‘Consolidated financial statements’, builds on existing principles by identifying the concept of control as the
determining factor in whether an entity should be included within the consolidated financial statements of the parent
company. The standard provides additional guidance to assist in the determination of control where this is difficult to
assess.
IFRS 12, ‘Disclosures of interests in other entities’, includes the disclosure requirements for all forms of interests in
other entities, including joint arrangements, associates, structured entities and other off balance sheet vehicles.
IFRS 13, ‘Fair value measurement’, aims to improve consistency and reduce complexity by providing a precise
definition of fair value and a single source of fair value measurement and disclosure requirements for use across
IFRSs. The requirements, which are largely aligned between IFRSs and US GAAP, do not extend the use of fair value
accounting but provide guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other
standards within IFRSs.
b)
New standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not yet in effect for the financial year beginning on or
after 1 July 2013 and have not been adopted early by the Group
At the date of authorisation of these consolidated financial statements, new standards, amendments and
interpretations to existing standards have been published but are not yet effective, and have not been adopted early
by the Group. Information on new standards, amendments and interpretations that are expected to be relevant to the
Group’s consolidated financial statements are provided below:
IFRS 9, ‘Financial instruments’, addresses the classification, measurement and recognition of financial assets and
financial liabilities. IFRS 9 was issued in November 2009 and October 2010. It replaces the parts of IAS 39 that relate
to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. IFRS 9 requires financial assets to be classified into
two measurement categories: those measured at fair value and those measured at amortised cost. The determination
is made at initial recognition. The classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing its financial
instruments and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the instrument. For financial liabilities, the standard
retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The Group is yet to assess IFRS 9’s full impact and intends to adopt IFRS 9 no
later than the accounting year ending 30 June 2016. The Group will also consider the impact of the remaining phases
of IFRS 9 when completed by the IASB.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 65
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2.2
b)
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Changes in accounting policy and disclosures (continued)
New standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not yet effective for the financial year beginning on or
after 1 July 2012 and not early adopted by the Group (continued)
Amendments to IFRS 10, ‘Consolidated financial statements’, apply to a particular class of business that qualify as
Investment Entities. The Investment Entities amendments provide an exception to the consolidation requirements in
IFRS 10 and require investment entities to measure particular subsidiaries at fair value through profit or loss, rather
than consolidate them. The amendments also set out disclosure requirements for investment entities. The Group
intends to adopt the Amendments to IFRS 10 in the effective accounting year ending 30 June 2015.
Amendments to IAS 36, ‘Impairment of assets’, on the recoverable amount disclosures for non-financial assets. This
amendment removed certain disclosures of the recoverable amount of cash generating units which had been included
in IAS 36 by the issue of IFRS 13. The Group intends to adopt the Amendments to IAS 36 in the effective accounting
year ending 30 June 2015.
IFRS 15, ‘Revenue from contracts with customers’, sets out the requirements for recognising revenue that apply
to all contracts with customers (except for contracts that are within the scope of the standards on leases, insurance
contracts and financial instruments). The Group is yet to assess IFRS 15 full impact and intends to adopt IFRS 15 no
later than the accounting year ending 30 June 2018.
There are no other IFRS or IFRS Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”) interpretations that are not yet effective that
would be expected to have a material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.
2.3
a)
Consolidation
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are all entities, including structured entities, over which the Group has control. The Group controls an
entity when the Group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has
the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date
on which control is transferred to the Group. They are deconsolidated on the date that control ceases. The majority of
the Group’s subsidiaries have a reporting date of 30 June. For subsidiaries with a different reporting date, the Group
consolidates management information up to 30 June.
The Group applies the acquisition method to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred for
the acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair value of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred to the former owners
of the acquiree, and the equity interests issued by the Group. The consideration transferred includes the fair value
of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Identifiable assets acquired, and
liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values
at the acquisition date. The Group recognises any non-controlling interest in the acquiree on an acquisition-by-
acquisition basis, either at fair value or an amount equal to the proportion of the non-controlling interest of the
acquiree’s identifiable net assets.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 66
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2.3
a)
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Consolidation (continued)
Subsidiaries (continued)
If a business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition date carrying value of the acquirer’s previously held
equity interest in the acquiree is re-measured to fair value at the acquisition date; any gains or losses arising from such
re-measurement are recognised in profit or loss.
Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.
Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the Group is recognised at fair value at the acquisition date.
Subsequent changes to the fair value of the contingent consideration that is deemed to be an asset or liability
is recognised in accordance with IAS 39 either in profit or loss or as a change to other comprehensive income.
Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not re-measured, and its subsequent settlement is accounted
for within equity.
The excess of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, and the
acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the identifiable net
assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the total of consideration transferred, non-controlling interest recognised
and previously held interest measured is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired in the case
of a bargain purchase, the difference is recognised directly in the income statement.
Inter-company transactions, balances, income and expenses on transactions between Group companies are
eliminated. Profits and losses resulting from inter-company transactions that are recognised in assets are also
eliminated. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the
policies adopted by the Group.
b)
Associates
Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a
shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the
equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recognised at cost, and the carrying
amount is increased or decreased to recognise the investor’s share of the profit or loss of the investee company after
the date of acquisition. The Group’s interest in associates includes goodwill identified on acquisition and long-term
loans to associates which in substance form part of the Group’s interest in the associate.
If the ownership interest in an associate is reduced but significant influence is retained, only a proportionate share of
the amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss where appropriate.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 67
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2.3
b)
2.4
a)
b)
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Consolidation (continued)
Associates (continued)
The Group’s share of post-acquisition profit or loss is recognised in the income statement, and its share of post-
acquisition movements in other comprehensive income is recognised in other comprehensive income with a
corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group’s share of losses in an associate
equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including long term interest that in substance forms part of the
investor’s net investment in the associate, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred legal or
constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.
The Group determines at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that the interest in the
associate is impaired. If this is the case, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the
recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value and recognises the amount adjacent to ‘share of profit/
(loss) of associates’ in the income statement.
Profits and losses resulting from upstream and downstream transactions between the Group and its associate are
recognised in the Group’s financial statements only to the extent of unrelated investor’s interests in the associates.
Unrealised losses are eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.
Accounting policies of associates have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted
by the Group.
Dilution gains and losses arising from investments in associates are recognised in the income statement.
Foreign currency translation
Functional and presentation currency
The Group’s consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars (USD) (“the presentation
currency”). The financial statements of each consolidated entity are initially prepared in the currency of the primary
economic environment in which the entity operates (“the functional currency”), which for most investments is the
Vietnamese dong (VND). The financial statements prepared using the functional currency is then translated into the
presentation currency. USD is used as the presentation currency because it is the primary basis for the measurement
of the performance of the Group.
Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the
dates of the transactions or valuation where items are re-measured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting
from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and
liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 68
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2.4
b)
c)
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Foreign currency translation (continued)
Transactions and balances (continued)
Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rates at the date of the transaction.
Non-monetary items measured at fair value are translated using the exchange rates at the date when fair value was
determined.
Translation differences on non-monetary financial assets and liabilities such as equities held at fair value through profit
or loss are recognised in profit or loss as part of the fair value gain or loss. Translation differences on non-monetary
financial assets, such as equities classified as available for sale, are included in other comprehensive income.
Group companies
The results and financial position of all the Group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyper-inflationary
economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the
presentation currency as follows:
(i) assets and liabilities for each consolidated balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date
of that consolidated balance sheet;
(ii)
income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is
not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which
case income and expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions); and
(iii) all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income.
Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities
of the foreign entity and translated at the closing rate. Exchange differences arising are recognised in other
comprehensive income.
2.5
Non-current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale
Non-current assets (or disposal groups) are classified as assets held for sale when their carrying amount is to be
recovered principally through a sale transaction and a sale is considered highly probable at the reporting date. The
assets are classified as “asset held for sale” and presented separately in the consolidated balance sheet. They are
measured at the lower of their carrying amounts immediately prior to their classification as held for sale and their fair
values less costs to sell.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 69
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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
2.6
2.6.1
Financial assets
Classification
The Group classifies its financial assets in the following categories: at fair value through profit or loss, loans and
receivables, and available for sale. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial assets were
acquired.
a)
b)
c)
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets that are either classified as held for trading
or are designated to be carried at fair value through profit or loss at inception. Financial assets at fair value through
profit or loss held by the Group include listed and unlisted securities and bonds. Derivatives are also categorised
as held for trading unless they are designated as hedges. Assets in this category are classified as current assets if
expected to be settled within 12 months; otherwise, they are classified as non-current.
Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in
an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the end of
the reporting period. These are classified as non-current assets. The Group’s loans and receivables comprise “Trade
receivables” (Notes 2.11), “Cash and cash equivalents” (Notes 2.12) and “Other financial asset” in the consolidated
balance sheet.
Available-for-sale financial assets
Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivatives that are either designated in this category or not classified in
any of the other categories. They are included in non-current assets unless the investment matures or there is the
intention to dispose of them within 12 months of the end of the reporting period. The Group’s available-for-sale
financial assets are investments in private entities.
2.6.2 Recognition, de-recognition and measurement
Purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised on the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Investments are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs for all financial assets not carried at fair value
through profit or loss. Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value, and
transaction costs are expensed in the income statement. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash
flows from the investments have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all risks
and rewards of ownership. Available-for-sale financial assets and financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are
subsequently carried at fair value. Loans and receivables are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective
interest method.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 70
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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Financial assets (continued)
2.6
2.6.2 Recognition, de-recognition and measurement (continued)
If the investments do not have a quoted market price in an active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably
measured, such investments shall be measured at cost, less provision for impairment.
Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of the ‘financial assets at fair value through profit or loss’ category are
presented in the income statement within “fair value gain/(loss)of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss” in
the period in which they arise. Dividend income from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in the
income statement when the Group’s right to receive payments is established.
Changes in the fair value of monetary and non-monetary securities classified as available-for-sale are recognised in other
comprehensive income.
When securities classified as available for sale are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value adjustments recognised in
equity are included in the income statement as ‘gains and losses from investment securities’.
Interest on available-for-sale securities calculated using the effective interest method is recognised in the income
statement as part of other income. Dividends on available-for-sale equity instruments are recognised in the income
statement as part of other income when the Group’s right to receive payments is established.
2.7
2.8
Offsetting financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated balance sheet when there is
a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise
the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Prepayments for acquisition of investments
These represent prepayments made by the Group to investment/property vendors for land compensation and other
related costs, and professional fees directly attributed to the projects, where the final transfer of the investment/
property is pending the approval of the relevant authorities and/or is subject to either the Group or the vendor
completing certain performance conditions set out in agreements. Such prepayments are measured initially at cost
until such time as the approval is obtained or conditions are met, at which point they are transferred to appropriate
investment accounts.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 71
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2.9
a)
b)
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Impairment of assets
Impairment of non-financial assets
Assets that have an indefinite useful life, for example, prepayments for acquisitions of investments, are not subject
to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are subject to amortisation are reviewed for
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable
amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the
purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable
cash flows (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed
for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.
Impairment of financial assets
Assets carried at amortised cost
The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or
group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses
are incurred only if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the
initial recognition of the asset (a ‘loss event’) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future
cash flows of the financial asset or group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated.
Evidence of impairment may include indications that the debtors or a group of debtors is experiencing significant
financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter
bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation, and where observable data indicate that there is a measurable decrease
in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults.
For the loans and receivables category, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s
carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not
been incurred) discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the asset is
reduced and the amount of the loss is recognised in the consolidated income statement. If a loan or held-to-maturity
investment has a variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current effective
interest rate determined under the contract. As a practical expedient, the Group may measure impairment on the
basis of an instrument’s fair value using an observable market price.
If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively
to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised (such as an improvement in the debtor’s credit rating), the
reversal of the previously recognised impairment loss is recognised in the consolidated income statement.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 72
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2.9
b)
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Impairment of assets (continued)
Impairment of financial assets (continued)
Assets classified as available-for-sale
The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset
or a group of financial assets is impaired. For debt securities, the Group uses the criteria referred to in (a) above. In
the case of equity investments classified as available for sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of
the security below its cost is also evidence that the assets are impaired. If any such evidence exists for available-for-
sale financial assets, the cumulative loss – measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the current
fair value, less any impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognised in profit or loss – is removed from
equity and recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in the consolidated income statement on equity
instruments are not reversed through the consolidated income statement. If, in a subsequent period, the fair value
of a debt instrument classified as available for sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event
occurring after the impairment loss was recognised in profit or loss, the impairment loss is reversed through the
consolidated income statement.
2.10
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average
method. The cost of finished goods includes all expenses directly attributable to the manufacturing process as well as
suitable portions of related production overheads, based on normal operating capacity. It excludes borrowing costs. Net
realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less applicable variable selling expenses.
2.11
Trade receivables
Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for merchandise sold or services performed in the ordinary course
of business.
2.12
2.13
Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective
interest method, less provision for impairment.
Cash and cash equivalents
In the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with
banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts.
In the consolidated balance sheet, bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.
Share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Share capital is determined using the nominal value of ordinary shares that
have been issued. Additional paid-in capital includes any premiums received on the initial issuance of the share
capital. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new ordinary shares or options are shown in equity as a
deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 73
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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
2.13
2.14
2.15
Share capital (continued)
Any transaction costs associated with the issuing of ordinary shares are deducted from additional paid-in capital, net
of any related income tax benefits.
Treasury shares
Where any Group company purchases the Company’s equity share capital (treasury shares), the consideration paid,
including any directly attributable incremental costs (net of income taxes) is deducted from equity attributable to the
Company’s equity holders until the treasury shares are cancelled or reissued.
Where such treasury shares are subsequently reissued, any consideration received, net of any directly attributable
incremental transaction costs and the related income tax effects, is included in equity attributable to the Company’s
equity holders.
Revaluation reserve
The revaluation reserve arises from the revaluation of buildings and leasehold land improvements including hotels
and golf courses held by the associates. The revaluation policy is consistent with the fair value policy as described
in Note 3. Increases in the carrying amount arising on revaluation are credited to other comprehensive income and
shown as revaluation reserve in shareholders’ equity. Decreases that offset previous increases of the same asset are
charged in other comprehensive income and debited against revaluation reserve directly in equity; all other decreases
are charged to the income statement.
2.16
Trade payables
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business
from suppliers.
Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective
interest method.
2.17
a)
Current and deferred income tax
Corporate income tax
The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except
to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the
tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
Current income tax assets and/or liabilities comprise those obligations to, or claims from, authorities relating to the
current or prior reporting periods that are unpaid at the reporting date. They are calculated according to the tax rates
and tax laws applicable to the fiscal periods to which they relate based on the taxable profit for the year. All changes
to current tax assets or liabilities are recognised as a component of tax expense in the consolidated income statement.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 74
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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
2.17
a)
Current and deferred income tax (continued)
Corporate income tax (continued)
Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method on temporary differences. This involves the
comparison of the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements with their
respective tax bases. In addition, tax losses available to be carried forward as well as other income tax credits to the
Group are assessed for recognition as deferred tax assets.
However, deferred tax is not provided on the initial recognition of goodwill, or on the initial recognition of an
asset or liability unless the related transaction is business combination or affects tax or accounting profit. Deferred
tax on temporary differences associated with shares in subsidiaries and associates is not provided if reversal of
these temporary differences can be controlled by the Group and it is probable that reversal will not occur in the
foreseeable future.
Deferred tax liabilities are always provided for in full. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is
probable that they will be able to be offset against future taxable income.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated, without discounting, at tax rates that are expected to apply to their
respective period of realisation, provided they are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Most
changes in deferred tax assets or liabilities are recognised as a component of tax expense in the consolidated income
statement. Only changes in deferred tax assets or liabilities that relate to a change in value of assets or liabilities that
is charged directly to other comprehensive income are charged or credited directly to other comprehensive income.
b)
2.18
Withholding taxes on investment income
The Group currently incurs withholding taxes imposed by local jurisdictions on investment income. Such income is
recorded gross of withholding taxes in the consolidated income statement.
Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it
is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably
estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.
Provisions are measured at the estimated expenditure required to settle the present obligation, based on the most
reliable evidence available at the reporting date, including the risks and uncertainties associated with the present
obligation and there is uncertainty about the timing or amount of the future expenditure require in settlement. Where
there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined
by considering the class of obligations as a whole. Long-term provisions are discounted to their present values, where
the time value of money is material.
All provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate of the Group.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 75
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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
2.19
a)
b)
c)
2.20
Revenue recognition
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, and represents amounts receivable
for goods supplied, stated net of discounts, returns and value added taxes. The Group recognises revenue when the
amount of revenue can be reliably measured; when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity;
and when specific criteria have been met for each of the Group’s activities, as described below.
Sale of goods
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised in the consolidated income statement when the significant risks and rewards
of ownership of goods have passed to the buyer. Revenue is measured by reference to the fair value of consideration
received or receivable by the Group for goods supplied, excluding sales taxes, rebates, and trade discounts.
Interest income
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method. When a loan receivable is impaired, the Group
reduces the carrying amount to its recoverable amount, being the estimated future cash flows discounted at the
original effective interest rate of the instrument, and continues unwinding the discount as interest income. Interest
income on impaired loan receivables is recognised using the original effective interest rate.
Dividend income
Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive payment is established.
Related parties
Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to control the other party or exercise significant
influence over the other party in making financial or operational decisions. Enterprises and individuals that directly,
or indirectly through one or more intermediary, control, or are controlled by, or under common control with, the
Company, including, subsidiaries and fellow subsidiaries are related parties of the Company. Associates are individuals
owning directly, or indirectly, an interest in the voting power of the Company that gives them significant influence over
the entity, key management personnel, including directors and officers of the Company, the Investment Manager and
their close family members. In considering related party relationships, attention is directed to the substance of the
relationship, and not merely the legal form.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 76
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS
When preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Group undertakes a number of accounting judgements,
estimates and assumptions about recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The actual
results may differ from the judgements, estimates and assumptions, and may not equal the estimated results.
Information about significant judgements, estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on
recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses are discussed below.
3.1
Critical accounting estimates and assumptions
Fair value of properties within the Group and the associates
The Group’s real estate properties are stated at fair value in accordance with accounting policies. The fair values of
properties are based on valuations by independent professional valuers including CBRE, Savills, Jones Lang LaSalle,
Cushman & Wakefield and HVS. These valuations are based on certain assumptions which are subject to uncertainty
and might materially differ from the actual results of a sale. The estimated fair values provided by the independent
professional valuers are used by the Audit and Valuation Committee as the primary basis for estimating each
property’s fair value for recommendation to the Board.
In making its judgement, the Audit and Valuation Committee considers information from a variety of sources
including:
a) Current prices in an active market for properties of different nature, condition or location (or subject to different
lease or other contracts), adjusted to reflect those differences;
b) Recent prices of similar properties in less active markets, with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic
conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices;
c) Recent developments and changes in laws and regulations that might affect zoning and/or the Group’s ability to
exercise its rights in respect to properties and therefore fully realise the estimated values of such properties; and
d) Discounted cash flow projections based on estimates of future cash flows, derived from the terms of external
evidence such as current market rents and sales prices for similar properties in the same location and condition,
and using discount rates that reflect current market assessments of the uncertainty in the amount and timing of
the cash flows.
Discount rates ranging from 14% to 22% (30 June 2013: 14% to 22%) are considered appropriate by independent
valuation firms for properties in different locations. Gains and losses from changes in fair value of properties within
the Group are recognised in the consolidated income statement. Gains and losses from changes in fair value of
properties of the associates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 77
3
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS (continued)
3.1
Critical accounting estimates and assumptions (continued)
Fair value of financial assets
The fair values of listed securities are based on quoted market prices at the close of trading on the reporting date.
For unlisted securities which are traded in an active market, the fair value is the average quoted prices at the close
of trading obtained from a minimum sample of three reputable securities companies at the reporting date. Other
relevant measurement bases are used if broker quotes are not available or if better and more reliable information is
available.
The fair value of financial assets that are not traded in an active market (for example, unlisted securities where market
prices are not readily available) is determined by using valuation techniques. The Group uses its judgement to select
a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at each reporting
date. Independent valuations are also obtained from appropriately qualified independent valuation firms to evaluate
and adjust valuations. The valuations may vary from the actual prices that would be achieved in an arm’s length
transaction at the reporting date.
3.2
Critical judgement in applying the Group’s accounting policies
Equity investments
When the Group has an interest in the voting power of an investee company of between 20% and 50%, significant
influence over the investee company is presumed. There are situations, however, where it can be clearly
demonstrated that an interest held by the Group is less than 20%, but significant influence exists; and conversely an
interest held of more than 20% where there is no significant influence.
At the reporting date, the Group has interests in certain investee companies with less than 20% voting power but
these are accounted for as associates of the Group (Note 5) based on the following criteria:
a) The Group has representation on the board of the investee company;
b) The Group participates in policy-making processes, including decisions about dividends or other distributions;
c) There was change of management personnel; or
d) The Group provides essential technical information.
Those investments where the Group has more than 20% interest but does not have significant influence are accounted
for as investments (Note 11).
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 78
4
SEGMENT ANALYSIS
In identifying its operating segments, the Group generally follows the sectors of investment which are based on internal
management reporting, monitoring of investments and decision making. The operating segments by investment
portfolio include capital markets (publicly listed securities and over-the-counter (“OTC”) traded securities), real estate
(real estate and hospitality), private equity and cash (cash and cash equivalents, short-term deposits and fixed income
investments). On a look through basis, there are no material investments outside of Vietnam.
Each of the operating segments is managed and monitored individually as each requires different resources and
approaches. The segment profit or loss is assessed using a measure of operating profit or loss from the underlying
investments. Although IFRS 8 requires measurement of segmental profit or loss, the majority of expenses are common
to all segments and therefore cannot be individually allocated. There have been no changes from prior periods in
the measurement methods used to determine reported segment profit or loss. Segment information is presented as
follows:
Revenue and other segment profit and loss
Year ended 30 June 2014
Revenue
Cost of sales
Dividend income
Interest income
Gains from financial assets at fair value
through profit or loss, net:
– Listed and unlisted securities
– Government bonds
Selling and other expenses
Fair value gain of investment property
Share of losses of associates, net of tax
Finance income
Other income
Capital
markets
USD’000
Real
estate
USD’000
Private
equity
USD’000
Cash
USD’000
Total
USD’000
–
–
19,804
–
96,592
715
–
–
–
–
–
117,111
–
–
–
824
–
–
–
473
(4,230)
–
1,730
(1,203)
11,445
(8,377)
–
–
–
–
(3,327)
–
–
224
4,828
4,793
–
–
–
1,127
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11,445
(8,377)
19,804
1,951
96,592
715
(3,327)
473
(4,230)
224
6,558
1,127
121,828
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 79
4
SEGMENT ANALYSIS (continued)
Revenue and other segment profit and loss (continued)
Capital
markets
USD’000
Real
estate
USD’000
Private
equity
USD’000
Cash
USD’000
Less: Unallocated expenses
Profit before tax
Year ended 30 June 2013
Revenue
Cost of sales
Dividend income
Interest income
Gains from financial assets at fair value
through profit or loss, net:
– Listed and unlisted securities
– Government bonds
Selling and other expenses
Share of losses of associates, net of tax
Finance income
Other income
Less: Unallocated expenses
Profit before tax
–
–
23,906
–
88,619
635
–
–
–
–
113,160
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
(8,214)
–
1,307
(6,907)
9,982
(7,639)
–
–
–
–
(3,330)
–
89
9,815
8,917
–
–
–
3,427
–
–
–
–
–
–
3,427
Total
USD’000
(39,200)
81,428
9,982
(7,639)
23,906
3,427
88,619
635
(3,330)
(8,214)
89
11,122
118,597
(27,873)
90,724
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 80
4
SEGMENT ANALYSIS (continued)
Assets
As at 30 June 2014
Investment properties
Interests in associates
Prepayments for acquisition of
investment properties
Financial assets at fair value through
profit or loss
– Non-current
– Current
Available-for-sale financial assets:
– Non-current
– Current
Other non-current assets
Inventories
Term deposit
Cash and cash equivalents
Other current assets
Assets classified as held for sale
Total assets
Total assets include:
Capital
markets
USD’000
Real
estate
USD’000
Private
equity
USD’000
Cash
USD’000
Total
USD’000
–
–
–
–
533,098
–
–
–
–
–
–
4,175
169,505
7,895
–
–
6,033
–
–
–
–
–
2,563
–
7,842
3,726
–
–
–
4,697
–
–
–
3,906
7,216
–
–
2,885
–
–
–
–
–
19,241
–
–
–
–
4,695
21,551
6,460
–
4,175
169,505
7,895
4,697
552,339
6,033
–
3,906
7,216
4,695
21,551
19,750
3,726
535,661
199,176
18,704
51,947
805,488
additions to non-current assets
–
1,137
756
–
1,893
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 81
4
SEGMENT ANALYSIS (continued)
Assets (continued)
As at 30 June 2013
Investment property
Interests in associates
Prepayments for acquisition of
investment properties
Financial assets at fair value through
profit or loss
– Non-current
– Current
Available-for-sale financial assets:
– Non-current
– Current
Other non-current assets
Inventories
Cash and cash equivalents
Other current assets
Total assets
Total assets include:
Capital
markets
USD’000
Real
estate
USD’000
Private
equity
USD’000
Cash
USD’000
Total
USD’000
–
–
–
–
439,830
–
–
–
–
–
3,722
182,090
8,239
–
–
5,784
–
1,325
–
–
1,423
11,234
441,253
212,394
–
–
–
4,697
10,180
–
8,700
3,300
7,413
–
6,302
40,592
–
–
–
–
17,752
–
–
–
–
53,392
6,460
77,604
3,722
182,090
8,239
4,697
467,762
5,784
8,700
4,625
7,413
53,392
25,419
771,843
additions to non-current assets
–
484
400
–
884
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 82
5
INTERESTS IN ASSOCIATES
Investments in associates
Long-term loan receivables (Note 28(d))
Interests in associates
The movement in investments in associates is analysed as follows:
Opening balance
Additional investments
Share of losses, net of tax
Share of change in revaluation reserve
Reclassified from long-term loan receivables (Note 28(d))
Transfer to assets classified as held for sale (Note 13)
Transfer to subsidiary
Dividends received
Disposals
Share of translation differences
Closing balance
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
141,891
27,614
169,505
146,966
1,137
(4,230)
1,905
7,860
(9,101)
–
(2,837)
–
191
146,966
35,124
182,090
172,341
484
(8,214)
3,994
–
–
(8,058)
(4,750)
(7,088)
(1,743)
141,891
146,966
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 83
5
INTERESTS IN ASSOCIATES (continued)
Set out below are the associates of the Group as at 30 June 2014, which, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, are
material to the Group. The associates listed below have share capital consisting solely of ordinary shares, which are
held directly by the Group.
Nature of investments in associates at 30 June 2014 and 30 June 2013:
Name
The 21st Century International
Development Company Ltd.
Country of
incorporation/
place of business
Nature of
business
%
ownership
Measurement
method
Vietnam
Property development
25.00
Equity method
VinaCapital Danang Golf Course Ltd.
Vietnam
Vina Dai Phuoc Corporation (*)
Hung Vuong Corporation
Vina Alliance Limited (*)
S.E.M Thong Nhat Hotel Metropole
Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam
Golf course & property
development
25.00
Equity method
Property development
18.00
Equity method
Retails & residential
33.24
Equity method
Property development
15.50
Equity method
Hospitality
50.00
Equity method
(*) Although the Group holds less than 20% of the equity shares in Vina Alliance Limited and Vina Dai Phuoc Corporation, the Group exercises
significant influence by having the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of these entities and therefore these
investments are treated as associates of the Group.
There were no significant restrictions on the ability of associates to transfer funds to the Group in form of cash
dividends or to repay loans or advances made. In addition, there are no contingent liabilities relating to the Group’s
interests in the associates.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 84
5
INTERESTS IN ASSOCIATES (continued)
Set out below are the summarised financial information for associates which are accounted for using the equity method.
Summarised balance sheet
The 21st Century
International Development
Company Ltd.
VinaCapital Danang
Golf Course Ltd.
Vina Dai Phuoc
Corporation
30 June
30 June
30 June
Hung Vuong
Corporation
30 June
Vina Alliance
Limited
S.E.M Thong Nhat
Hotel Metropole
30 June
30 June
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
Current
Assets
Liabilities
6,158
(7,793)
Total current net assets
(1,635)
3,713
(8,542)
(4,829)
4,006
4,150
26,800
34,631
5,253
3,247
181
120
17,599
10,956
(4,969)
(7,024)
(20,088)
(24,612)
(7,645)
(8,900)
(1,363)
(1,064)
(5,670)
(5,966)
(963)
(2,874)
6,712
10,019
(2,392)
(5,653)
(1,182)
(944)
11,929
4,990
Non-current
Assets
Liabilities
Total non-current
net assets
Net assets
134,080
(38,688)
95,392
93,757
114,040
84,174
78,508
59,123
55,921
52,966
53,151
85,639
85,663
142,097
140,295
(11,584)
(32,352)
(28,136)
–
–
(14,563)
(13,344)
(25,161)
(28,710)
(21,275)
(21,211)
102,456
51,822
50,372
59,123
55,921
38,403
39,807
60,478
56,953
120,822
119,084
97,627
50,859
47,498
65,835
65,940
36,011
34,154
59,296
56,009
132,751
124,074
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 85
5
INTERESTS IN ASSOCIATES (continued)
Summarised statement of comprehensive income
The 21st Century
International Development
Company Ltd.
VinaCapital Danang
Golf Course Ltd.
Vina Dai Phuoc
Corporation
30 June
30 June
30 June
Hung Vuong
Corporation
30 June
Vina Alliance
Limited
S.E.M Thong Nhat
Hotel Metropole
30 June
30 June
Revenue
2014
USD’000
123
Profit before income tax
(3,251)
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
306
(5,817)
5,074
4,830
4,334
10,830
14,554
(14,453)
307
(4,940)
8,460
4,365
8,510
3,993
288
207
37,467
3,954
(19,184)
12,024
36,496
11,073
Income tax expense)/
income
Post tax profit from
(2)
2,577
(1,747)
4,474
(77)
(1,880)
(842)
(685)
–
1,806
(2,421)
–
continuing operations
(3,253)
(3,240)
3,083
(9,979)
230
(6,820)
3,523
3,308
3,954
(17,378)
9,603
11,073
Other comprehensive
income/(loss)
(617)
(1,272)
278
(882)
(335)
(942)
(495)
(923)
(667)
(1,029)
3,574
3,995
Liabilities
(38,688)
(11,584)
(32,352)
(28,136)
–
–
(14,563)
(13,344)
(25,161)
(28,710)
(21,275)
(21,211)
Total comprehensive
income
Dividends received
from associates
(3,870)
(4,512)
3,361
(10,861)
(105)
(7,762)
3,028
2,385
3,287
(18,407)
13,177
15,068
–
–
–
–
–
–
393
–
–
–
2,250
4,750
The information above reflects the amounts presented in the financial statements of the associates adjusted for differences in accounting policies between the Group
and the associates.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 86
5
INTERESTS IN ASSOCIATES (continued)
Set out below are the summarised financial information for associates which are accounted for using the equity method.
Reconciliation of summarised financial information
The 21st Century
International Development
Company Ltd.
VinaCapital Danang
Golf Course Ltd.
Vina Dai Phuoc
Corporation
30 June
30 June
30 June
Hung Vuong
Corporation
30 June
Vina Alliance
Limited
S.E.M Thong Nhat
Hotel Metropole
30 June
30 June
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
2014
USD’000
2013
USD’000
Summarised financial information
Opening net assets
30 June
97,627
102,139
47,498
58,359
65,940
73,702
34,154
31,769
56,009
74,416
124,074
118,506
Profit/(loss) for the year
(3,253)
(3,240)
3,083
(9,979)
230
(6,820)
3,523
3,308
3,954
(17,378)
9,603
11,073
Other comprehensive
income/(loss)
Dividend paid
(617)
–
Total closing net assets
93,757
Interests in associates
22,859
(1,272)
–
97,627
23,715
278
–
(882)
(335)
(942)
(495)
(923)
(667)
(1,029)
3,574
3,995
–
–
–
(1,171)
–
–
–
(4,500)
(9,500)
50,859
47,498
65,835
65,940
36,011
34,154
59,296
56,009
132,751
124,074
12,715
11,872
11,850
11,897
11,970
11,353
9,191
8,681
66,375
62,037
Others
Net carrying value of
the Group
–
(1,331)
75
3,293
1,525
5,891
–
(317)
149
1,134
–
–
22,859
22,384
12,790
15,165
13,375
17,788
11,970
11,036
9,340
9,815
66,375
62,037
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 87
6
PREPAYMENTS FOR ACQUISITION OF INVESTMENT PROPERTIES
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
Historical cost
Transfer from assets classified as held for sale (Note 13)
Less: cumulative allowance for impairment losses
The movement of cumulative allowance for impairment losses is analysed as follows:
Opening balance
Charge for the year
Closing balance
10,975
–
(3,080)
7,895
2,736
344
3,080
8,986
1,989
(2,736)
8,239
1,486
1,250
2,736
These prepayments relate to payments made by the Group to property vendors where the final transfer of the
properties is pending the approval of the relevant authorities as at the consolidated balance sheet date and/or is
subject to either the Group or the vendor completing certain performance conditions set out in agreements.
As at 30 June 2014 and 30 June 2013, due to market conditions, the recoverable amounts of the properties which
were assessed based on fair value less cost to sell were lower than their carrying values.
These prepayments have been measured using unobservable inputs, and are therefore within level 3 of the fair value
hierarchy. There were no transfers between levels during the year.
Valuation processes
The recoverable amounts were estimated by independent professional qualified valuers who hold recognised relevant
professional qualifications and have recent experience in the locations and categories of the properties for which
these payments are made.
The valuations by the independent valuation firms are prepared based upon direct comparison with sales of other
similar properties in the area and the expected future discounted cash flows of a property using a yield that reflects
the risks inherent therein. Discount rates applied at 20.0% (30 June 2013: 20.0%).If the discount rates were to
fluctuate by 5.0%, the impact on the net asset value (NAV) of the Group would be a gain/(loss) of USD1.2 million/
(USD1.9 million) (30 June 2013: USD0.2 million/(USD1.0 million)).
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 88
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
7
AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE FINANCIAL ASSETS
Opening balance
Disposal during the year
Reversal of impairment loss
Reclassified to trade and other receivables
Closing balance
Less: current portion
Non-current portion
8
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS BY CATEGORY
14,484
–
249
(8,700)
6,033
–
6,033
34,561
(20,077)
–
–
14,484
(8,700)
5,784
Total
USD’000
6,033
27,614
5,235
14,515
557,036
4,695
21,551
636,679
44,413
591,725
541
636,679
As at 30 June 2014
Available-for-sale financial assets
Long-term loan included in interest in associates
Short-term loan to related parties
Trade and other receivables
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Term deposit
Cash and cash equivalents
Financial assets denominated in:
– USD
– VND
– Other currency
Loans and
receivables
USD’000
Financial assets at
fair value through
profit or loss
USD’000
Available-
for-sale
financial assets
USD’000
–
27,614
5,235
14,515
–
4,695
21,551
73,610
19,405
54,199
6
73,610
–
–
–
–
557,036
–
–
6,033
–
–
–
–
–
–
557,036
6,033
25,008
531,493
535
557,036
–
6,033
–
6,033
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 8
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS BY CATEGORY (continued)
Loans and
receivables
USD’000
Financial assets at
fair value through
profit or loss
USD’000
Available-
for-sale
financial assets
USD’000
As at 30 June 2013
Available-for-sale financial assets
Long-term loan included in interest in associates
Short-term loan to related parties
Long-term loan to an associate
Trade and other receivables
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Cash and cash equivalents
Financial assets denominated in:
– USD
– VND
– Other currency
–
35,124
7,501
1,325
17,918
–
53,392
115,260
17,746
97,495
19
115,260
–
–
–
–
–
472,459
–
14,484
–
–
–
–
–
–
472,459
14,484
20,907
450,938
614
472,459
8,700
5,784
–
All financial liabilities are classified as financial liabilities carried at amortised cost. As at the consolidated balance
sheet date, the financial liabilities denominated in USD and in VND are USD11.5 million and USD14.3 million (30 June
2013: USD10.4 million and USD6.0 million), respectively.
14,484
602,203
89
Total
USD’000
14,484
35,124
7,501
1,325
17,918
472,459
53,392
602,203
47,353
554,217
633
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 90
9
INVENTORIES
At cost:
Finished goods
Raw materials
Work in progress
Spares and tools
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
4,170
1,776
405
865
7,216
4,593
1,651
264
905
7,413
The cost of inventories recognised as expenses and included in cost of sales amounted to USD4.8 million (year ended
30 June 2013: USD5.5 million) during the year.
10
TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
Trade receivables
Receivable from matured bonds
Interest receivables
Dividend receivables
Receivables from disposals of investments
Payments on behalf of related parties (Note 28(c))
Short-term loan to a third party
Deposits for share tender
Other receivables
Less: Cumulative provision for impairment of receivables
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
2,566
6,460
1,595
1,627
9,000
1,290
3,000
–
2,364
27,902
(13,387)
14,515
1,730
9,888
1,030
371
2,963
2,059
1,271
1,152
2,555
23,019
(5,101)
17,918
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 91
10
TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES (continued)
The movement in the cumulative provision for impairment of receivables is analysed as follows:
Opening balance
Provision for impaired trade receivables (Note 24)
Provision for impaired other receivables
Provision written off
Closing balance
Provision balance is in respect of:
– Trade receivables
– Receivable from matured bonds
– Others
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
5,101
114
11,600
(3,428)
13,387
739
–
12,648
13,387
3,746
1,355
–
–
5,101
625
3,428
1,048
5,101
The creation and release of the provision for impaired receivables have been included in ‘other expenses’ in the
income statement.
During the year, a bond issuer increased its chartered capital and issued new shares to a subsidiary as a form of
settlement of its debt. Accordingly, the receivable from matured bonds of USD3.4 million with the corresponding
allowance of USD3.4 million, have been derecognised. The new shares received have been recognised as a financial
asset at fair value through profit or loss during the year.
The credit quality of the trade and other receivables as at the reporting date is as follows:
Trade receivables:
– Current within the credit period and not impaired
– Past due but not impaired
– Past due and impaired
Other receivables:
– Current and not impaired
– Past due and impaired
Total
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
720
1,107
739
12,688
12,648
27,902
672
433
625
16,813
4,476
23,019
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 92
10
TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES (continued)
The amounts of trade receivables past due and assessed as impaired relate to receivables from sales agents of
subsidiaries. The amounts past due but assessed as not impaired at the consolidated balance sheet date relate to a
number of customers with whom there is no recent history of default.
As at the reporting date, there was no significant concentration of credit risk (30 June 2013: none).
Other than the provision for impairment of receivables disclosed above, the other classes within the trade and other
receivables do not include impaired assets.
As all trade and other receivables are short term in nature, their carrying values are considered reasonable
approximations of their fair values at the reporting date.
11
FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS
Financial assets in Vietnam:
Ordinary shares – listed
Ordinary shares – unlisted
Government bonds
Financial assets in countries other than Vietnam:
Ordinary shares – listed
Less: non-current portion
Current portion
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
423,563
88,689
19,241
531,493
25,543
557,036
(4,697)
552,339
356,438
76,748
17,752
450,938
21,521
472,459
(4,697)
467,762
The government bonds carry a fixed interest rate of 6.7% – 7.6% per annum (30 June 2013: 9.3% – 12.2% per annum).
The government bonds have a Moody’s rating of B1 at 30 June 2014 (30 June 2013: Moody’s rating of B2).
The value of government bonds pledged as collateral for a subsidiary’s repurchase obligation is USD4.8 million
(30 June 2013: nil).
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
93
11
FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS (continued)
As at the reporting date, the Group holds more than a 20% equity interest in the following entities which the Group
determines that it has no significant influence:
Listed entities:
– Khang Dien House Trading and Investment Joint Stock Company
Unlisted entities:
– An Giang Plant Protection Joint Stock Company
– Cau Tre Export Goods Processing Joint Stock Company
– Vina Construction Machine Joint Stock Company
– Saigon Petroleum Service Company
Equity interest (%) as at
30 June 2014
30 June 2013
22.3%
24.7%
37.3%
30.0%
22.2%
23.6%
24.7%
36.4%
30.0%
22.2%
The details of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss by industry are as follows:
Consumer discretionary, food
Construction materials
Financial services
Agriculture, rubber and fertiliser
Energy, minerals and petroleum
Pharmaceuticals
Real estate
Bonds
Other securities
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
148,044
163,169
93,830
54,542
94,251
57,642
28,886
54,518
19,241
6,082
45,849
61,343
83,673
24,737
19,388
48,036
17,752
8,512
557,036
472,459
As at 30 June 2014, the value of one holding, Vinamilk, in financial assets at fair value through profit or loss amounted
to 12.2% of the NAV of the Group (30 June 2013: 15.4%). There were no other holdings that had a value exceeding
10% of the NAV of the Group as at 30 June 2014 or 30 June 2013.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 94
12
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash on hand
Cash in banks
Cash equivalents
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
24
18,401
3,126
21,551
26
28,987
24,379
53,392
Cash equivalents represent short-term deposits with rates of 5.25% for VND accounts (30 June 2013: 0.5% and 7% for
USD and VND accounts, respectively). The majority of these deposits have maturity terms from one to two months
from the reporting date.
As at the consolidated balance sheet date, the cash and cash equivalents are denominated in the following currencies:
Cash and cash equivalents in USD
Cash and cash equivalents in VND
Cash and cash equivalents in other currencies
13
ASSETS CLASSIFIED AS HELD FOR SALE
Opening balance
Disposal during the year
Transfer to financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Transfer from interest in associates (Note 5)
Transfer to prepayments for acquisition of investment properties (Note 6)
Closing balance
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
7,705
13,840
6
21,551
15,046
38,326
20
53,392
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
–
(5,375)
–
9,101
–
3,726
32,127
(25,238)
(4,900)
–
(1,989)
–
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 95
14
SHARE CAPITAL
Ordinary shares of USD0.01 each:
Authorised
Issued and fully paid
15
TREASURY SHARES
Opening balance
Ordinary shares bought during the year
Closing balance
30 June 2014
30 June 2013
Number
of shares
USD’000
Number
of shares
USD’000
500,000,000
324,610,259
5,000
3,246
500,000,000
324,610,259
5,000
3,246
30 June 2014
30 June 2013
Number
of shares
63,233,988
23,121,277
86,355,265
USD’000
113,639
52,300
165,939
Number
of shares
12,074,663
51,159,325
USD’000
17,785
95,854
63,233,988
113,639
During the year, the Company purchased 23,121,277 of its ordinary shares (30 June 2013: 51,159,325 ordinary shares)
for a total cash consideration of USD52.3 million (30 June 2013: USD88.7 million and payable of USD7.2 million at year
end) at an average cost of USD2.27 per share (30 June 2013: USD1.87 per share).
The total number of ordinary shares acquired represents 26.6% (30 June 2013: 19.5%) of the Company’s 324,610,259
ordinary shares in issue and as a result, total voting rights in the Company have been reduced to 238,254,994 ordinary
shares (30 June 2013: 261,376,271 ordinary shares).
16
REVALUATION RESERVE
Opening balance
Share of change in revaluation reserve of associates
Disposal of an associate
Closing balance
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
31,376
1,905
–
33,281
28,602
3,994
(1,220)
31,376
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 96
16
REVALUATION RESERVE (continued)
The Group’s share of the revaluation gains relates to the revaluation of hotels held by associates. The closing
balance of the revaluation reserve as at 30 June 2014 relates solely to the Group’s investment in S.E.M Thong Nhat
Hotel Metropole.
17
SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
Short-term bank borrowings (*)
Sale and repurchase agreement (**)
Closing balance
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
3,326
4,513
7,839
2,261
–
2,261
(*) These loans, obtained by American Home Vietnam Co Ltd., are secured by the investee company’s plant and equipment. The fair value of the
loans at the reporting date, approximate their carrying amounts due to their short term nature. The loans are denominated in VND and are
repayable within 12 months. The loans bore interest at rates ranging from 8.0% to 10.0% per annum (30 June 2013: 10.0% to 11.5%).
(**) This debt relates to the sale and repurchase of government bonds held by a subsidiary. The debt is denominated in VND and is repayable within
two months of the reporting date. Its fair value at the reporting date is equal to the carrying amounts due to its short term nature. The debt is
subject to an implied interest rate of 4.4% per annum.
18
TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES
Trade payables
Withholding taxes payable
Unearned revenue
Payables to brokers
Professional fees payables
Other payables
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
1,794
548
1,250
–
199
775
1,841
1,093
1,526
7,245
739
1,214
4,566
13,658
All trade and other payables are short-term in nature. Therefore, their carrying values are considered a reasonable
approximation of their fair values.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
19
20
a)
REVENUE AND COST OF SALES
The Group’s revenue and cost of sales represent the sales of goods and cost of sales of its operating subsidiaries,
American Home Vietnam Co. Ltd and Yen Viet Joint Stock Company. All revenues are derived from external customers
and there was no significant concentration of sales to any single customer.
INTEREST INCOME AND FINANCE COSTS, NET
Interest income
97
Interest income comprised interest earned on:
– cash and term deposits
– government bonds
– corporate bonds
– loans to associates
– others
Total
b)
Finance income and finance costs
Finance income comprised:
– realised gains on foreign currency differences
Finance costs comprised:
– interest expense
– realised losses on foreign currency differences
– unrealised losses on foreign currency differences
Year ended
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
1,096
–
–
824
31
1,951
1,413
1,066
184
590
174
3,427
Year ended
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
224
(573)
(289)
(76)
(938)
(714)
89
(281)
(687)
(168)
(1,136)
(1,047)
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 98
21
GAIN FROM FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS, NET
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss:
– Gains from the realisation of financial assets, net
– Unrealised gains, net
Year ended
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
9,134
88,173
97,307
34,753
54,501
89,254
22
a)
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATION EXPENSES AND ONGOING CHARGES
Selling, general and administration expenses
Investment Management fees (Note 28(a))
Incentive fee (Note 28(b))
Professional fees
Selling, general and administration expenses (*)
Other expenses
Year ended
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
11,647
9,013
2,583
3,205
416
26,864
15,001
–
3,550
1,941
248
20,740
(*) The majority of these expenses relate to operating expenses incurred by the subsidiaries of the Group.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 99
22
b)
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATION EXPENSES AND ONGOING CHARGES (continued)
Total expenses ratio
Total expenses ratio (using AIC recommended methodology)
Incentive fee
Total expenses ratio including incentive fee
Year ended
30 June 2014
30 June 2013
1.72%
1.17%
2.89%
2.13%
–
2.13%
Total expenses ratio has been calculated in accordance with the Association of Investment Companies (“AIC”)
recommended methodology dated May 2012. It is the ratio of annualised ongoing charges over the average undiluted
NAV of the Group during the year.
Expenses include: Investment Management fees, Directors’ fees and expenses, recurring audit and tax services,
custody and fund administration services, fund accounting services, secretarial services, registrars’ fees, public
relations fees, insurance premiums, regulatory fees and similar charges.
23
OTHER INCOME
Gains on disposals of investments in:
– Available-for-sale financial assets
Total gain on disposals of investments
Reversal of impairment loss
Consulting income
Other income
Year ended
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
4,336
4,336
249
412
1,561
6,558
9,955
9,955
–
343
824
11,122
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 100
24
OTHER EXPENSES
Impairments of trade receivables (Note 10)
Impairments of other assets
Loans written off on disposals of investments in associates
Losses on disposals of investments in associates
Goodwill impairment
Others
Year ended
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
114
14,045
–
–
–
566
14,725
1,355
1,937
3,028
667
449
1,891
9,327
25
INCOME TAX EXPENSE
Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, there is no income, state, corporation, capital gains or other taxes
payable by the Company.
The income from subsidiaries incorporated in Vietnam is taxable at the applicable tax rate in Vietnam. Income tax
expense is recognised based on the estimate of the weighted average annual income tax rate expected for the full
financial year. The estimated average annual tax rate used for the year to 30 June 2014 is 23.5% (the estimated tax
rate for the six months ended 31 December 2013 was 25%). The decrease is due to a reduction of 3% in the corporate
income tax rate in Vietnam which is applicable from 1 January 2014.
Tax paid by the Group, including the subsidiaries incorporated in Vietnam, during the year is summarised as follows:
Capital gains tax
Transaction tax
Withholding tax
Corporate income tax
Tax expense
Year ended
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
988
81
68
64
1,201
38
210
408
16
672
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 101
26
a)
b)
c)
EARNINGS PER SHARE AND NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE
Basic
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to equity shareholders of the Company from
operations by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year (excluding ordinary shares
purchased by the Company and held as treasury shares (Note 15)).
Year ended
30 June 2014
30 June 2013
Profit attributable to shareholders of the Company for the year (USD’000)
81,666
90,254
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue
Basic earnings per share (USD per share)
246,934,372
286,648,181
0.33
0.31
Diluted
Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding to
assume conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. The Company has not entered into any arrangement which
could be dilutive to ordinary shareholders. Therefore, diluted earnings per share is equal to basic earnings per share.
NAV per share
NAV per share is calculated by dividing the NAV attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the number of
outstanding ordinary shares in issue as at the reporting date (excluding ordinary shares purchased by the Company
and held as treasury shares (Note 15)). Net asset value is determined as total assets less total liabilities.
NAV attributable to shareholders of the Company (USD’000)
Number of outstanding ordinary shares in issue
NAV per share (USD/share)
As at
30 June 2014
As at
30 June 2013
778,955
752,443
238,254,994
261,376,271
3.27
2.88
27
DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION
The aggregate Directors’ fees paid during the year amounted to USD363,767 (year ended 30 June 2013: USD240,833),
of which USD331,192 was outstanding as payable as at 30 June 2014 (30 June 2013: USD45,833).
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 27
DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION (continued)
The details of remuneration by Director are summarised below:
102
Steven Bates
Martin Adams
Thuy Bich Dam
Martin Glynn
Michael Gray
Don Lam (*)
William Vanderfelt
Directors’ fee borne by:
– The Investment Manager
– The Company
Year ended
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
95
80
19
80
90
–
–
364
–
364
364
28
18
–
60
60
–
75
241
79
162
241
(*) Don Lam does not receive any remuneration from the Company.
At the Annual General Meeting (AGM) held on 28 November 2013, the shareholders approved a resolution to increase
the cap on Directors’ remuneration to USD500,000 per annum, thus removing the need for the Investment Manager
to subsidise Directors’ fees.
28
a)
RELATED PARTIES
Investment management fees
The Group is managed by the Investment Manager, an investment management company incorporated in the Cayman
Islands, under an amended and restated Investment Management Agreement dated 24 June 2013 which became
effective as of 1 July 2013 (the “Amended Management Agreement”). Prior to 1 July 2013 the Investment Manager
received an investment management fee based on the NAV of the Group, payable monthly in arrears at an annual rate
of 2.0% of the NAV. Under the Amended Investment Management Agreement the Investment Manager receives a fee
at an annual rate of 1.5% of the NAV, payable monthly in arrears.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 103
28
a)
b)
RELATED PARTIES (continued)
Investment management fees (continued)
The total investment management fees for the year amounted to USD11.6 million (30 June 2013: USD15.0 million),
with USD1.2 million (30 June 2013: USD1.2 million) outstanding as payable to the Investment Manager at the
reporting date.
Incentive fees
Prior to 1 July 2013 the Investment Manager was paid an incentive fee equal to 20% of the increase in the NAV of the
Company over an 8% per annum hurdle rate, with a catch up.
From 1 July 2013 the incentive fee is 15% of the increase in NAV per share over a hurdle rate of 8% per annum. A
catch up is no longer applied. Furthermore, for the purposes of calculating incentive fees, the Group’s net assets are
segregated into a Direct Real Estate Portfolio and a Capital Markets Portfolio. A separate incentive fee is calculated
for each portfolio so that for any consolidated balance sheet date it will be possible for an incentive fee to become
payable in relation to one, both, or neither, portfolio depending upon the performance of each portfolio. However,
the maximum incentive fee that can be paid in any given year with respect to a portfolio is 1.5% of the NAV of the
portfolio at the consolidated balance sheet date. Any incentive fees earned in excess of the cap may be paid out in
subsequent years providing that certain performance targets are met.
The total incentive fees for the year amounted to USD9.0 million (30 June 2013: nil), with USD9.0 million outstanding
as payable to the Investment Manager (30 June 2013: nil) at the reporting date.
c)
Other balances with related parties
Receivables from VinaLand Limited
– an investment company managed by the Investment Manager
Receivables from the Investment Manager
Payable to the Investment Manager
Payable to VinaLand Limited
– an investment company managed by the Investment Manager
Other payables to related parties
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
959
331
1,290
(10,246)
(1,872)
(972)
(13,090)
1,586
473
2,059
(1,199)
(957)
–
(2,156)
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 104
28
c)
RELATED PARTIES (continued)
Other balances with related parties (continued
Investment in other investment companies managed by the Investment Manager
– Vietnam Infrastructure Limited
– VinaLand Limited
d)
Loans to related parties
Long-term loans to:
– Associates under common management (i) (Note 5)
– An associate
Total long-term loans to related parties
Short-term loans to:
– Current portion of long-term loan to an associate (ii)
– Other related parties (iii)
Total short-term loans to related parties
Total loans to related parties
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
4,955
20,053
25,008
4,338
16,569
20,907
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
27,614
–
27,614
1,596
3,639
5,235
32,849
35,124
1,325
36,449
568
6,933
7,501
43,950
(i) Associates under common management refers to investment companies which have joint investments in real estate projects with VinaLand Limited.
These loans form part of the Group’s net investment in the associates; repayments are not planned prior to the sale of each investment.
(ii) The short-term loan to an associate is secured by way of shares of an entity listed on either of Vietnam’s stock exchanges, the Ho Chi Minh Stock
Exchange (HOSE) or the Hanoi Stock Exchange (HNX). The loan bears interest at the rate of 15.0% per annum.
(iii) The short-term loans to other related parties have repayment terms within 12 months, they are unsecured and carry interest at rates ranging
from 1.5% to 15.0% per annum (30 June 2013: 1.5% to 15.0% per annum).
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 105
28
d)
e)
29
RELATED PARTIES (continued)
Loans to related parties (continued)
The movement of loans to related parties during the year is as follow:
Opening balance
Loans advanced
Loan repayments
Disposals
Transfer to investments in associates (Note 5)
Impairment of loan receivables
Others
Closing balance
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
43,950
1,888
(2,829)
–
(7,860)
(1,652)
(648)
32,849
46,504
1,779
(1,514)
(3,028)
–
(84)
293
43,950
Other transactions with related parties
A loan of USD25.0 million was provided to Prosper Big Investments Limited and Henry Enterprise Limited, holding
companies of a joint investment project (the 21st Century project) owned by VinaLand Limited and the Group. The
loan was provided for a period of two weeks to enable the companies to provide proof of available financing in
conjunction with the relicensing of the project.
FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS
The Group invests in listed and unlisted equity instruments, debt instruments, assets and other opportunities in
Vietnam and overseas with the objective of achieving medium to long-term capital appreciation and providing
investment income.
The Group is exposed to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including currency risk, interest rate risk, and price
risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group’s overall risk management programme focuses on the unpredictability of
financial markets and seeks to minimise potentially adverse effects on the Group’s financial performance. The Group’s
risk management is coordinated by the Investment Manager who manages the distribution of the assets to achieve
the investment objectives.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 106
29
FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (continued)
The most significant financial risks the Group is exposed to are described below:
a)
Market risk analysis
Foreign currency risk sensitivity
The Group’s exposure to risk resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates is moderate as although
transactions in Vietnam are settled in the VND, the value of the VND has historically been in recent times closely
pegged to that of the USD, the reporting currency.
The Group has not entered into any hedging mechanism as the estimated costs of available instruments outweigh
their benefits. On an ongoing basis the Investment Manager analyses the current economic environment and
expected future conditions and decides the optimal currency mix considering the risk of currency fluctuation, interest
rate return differentials and transaction costs. The Investment Manager updates the Board regularly on the currency
position.
Foreign exchange risk
As at 30 June 2014 and 2013, the Group has foreign currency exposure mainly arising from holding cash and cash
equivalents which is not denominated in its functional currency. As at the reporting date, had the VND weakened/
strengthened by 5% in relation to USD, with all other variables held constant, there would be a net exchange loss/
profit from the financial assets and liabilities denominated in VND (Note 8) of USD27.0 million (30 June 2013:
USD28.4 million).
Price risk
Price risk is the risk that the value of an instrument will fluctuate as a result of changes in market prices, whether caused
by factors specific to an individual investment, its issuer, or factors affecting all instruments traded in the market.
The Group invests in listed and unlisted equity securities and is exposed to market price risk of these securities due to
the uncertainties about future values of the investment securities.
The majority of the Group’s equity investments are publicly traded on either of Vietnam’s stock exchanges (HOSE or HNX).
As at 30 June 2014, the value of the holding in the equity of Vinamilk was 12.2% of the NAV of the Group (30 June
2013: 15.4%). The Group has no other holdings in individual equity positions exceeding 10.0% of the Group’s net
assets.
All securities investments present a risk of loss of capital. This risk is managed through the careful selection of
securities and other financial instruments within specified limits and by holding a diversified portfolio of listed and
unlisted instruments. In addition, the performance of investments held by the Group is monitored by the Investment
Manager on a monthly basis and reviewed by the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis.
If the prices of the securities were to fluctuate by 10%, the impact on the NAV of the Group would be a gain/loss of
USD53.8 million (30 June 2013: approximately gain/loss of USD44.0 million).
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 107
29
a)
b)
FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (continued)
Market risk analysis (continued)
Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk
The Group’s exposure to interest rate risk is related to interest bearing financial assets and financial liabilities. Cash
and cash equivalents, and government bonds are subject to interest at fixed rates. They are exposed to fair value
changes due to interest rate changes. The Group had no significant financial liabilities with floating interest rates. As a
result, the Group had limited exposure to cash flow and interest rate risk.
Credit risk analysis
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will be unable to pay amounts in full when due. Impairment provisions are
provided for losses that have been incurred by the Group at the reporting date.
A list of approved banks is maintained for holding deposits and have set aggregate limits for deposits or exposures
to individual banks. While this list is formally reviewed at least monthly, it is updated to reflect developments in the
market on a timely basis as information becomes available.
All transactions in listed securities are settled upon delivery using approved brokers. The risk of default is considered low,
as delivery of securities sold is only made once the broker has received payment. Payment is made for purchases once
the securities have been received by the broker. The trade will be unwound if either party fails to meet its obligations.
All clearing, settlement, custodial and depository operations for the Group’s investments in Vietnam are conducted
through HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Limited.
The carrying amount of trade and other receivables, loan receivables and available-for-sale financial assets represent
the Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk in relation to its financial assets.
No credit limits were exceeded during the reporting period other than those fully impaired as disclosed in Note 10
and those being rescheduled during the year as mentioned below, there are no other losses expected from non-
performance by these counterparties.
In accordance with the Group’s policies, the credit position is continuously monitored, identified either individually or
by group, and incorporates this information into its credit controls.
The valuations of financial assets that are impaired or overdue at each reporting date are reviewed based on the
payment status of the counterparties, recoverability of receivables, and prevailing market conditions.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 108
29
b)
FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (continued)
Credit risk analysis (continued)
The Group’s exposure to credit risk is limited to the carrying amounts of financial assets recognised at the reporting
date, as summarised below:
Classes of financial assets – carrying amounts:
Long-term loan included in interest in associates
Long-term loan to an associate
Short-term loan to related parties
Trade and other receivables
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Short term investment
Cash and cash equivalents
Allowance for impairment
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
27,618
–
5,235
14,515
19,241
4,695
21,551
92,855
(13,387)
35,124
1,325
7,501
17,918
22,449
–
53,392
137,709
(5,101)
A total allowance of USD13.4 million (30 June 2013: USD5.1 million) was provided for amounts that the Group
expected to be uncollectible or impaired (Note 10).
Cash and cash equivalents, and term deposits are held at banks and financial institutions which do not have histories
of default. Details are as follows:
Banks
The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corp
HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Ltd.
Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Ltd.
Standard Chartered Bank (Singapore) Ltd.
Vietnam State-owned and joint stock banks
S&P’s rating
AA-
No rating (*)
B+ to BB-
B+ to BB-
No rating (*)
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
1,311
11,836
2,458
1,400
4,546
21,551
4,502
23,398
5,792
1,651
18,049
53,392
(*) These banks have no credit rating given by any international credit rating agencies. The Group has no other significant concentrations of credit risk.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
109
29
c)
d)
e)
FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (continued)
Liquidity risk analysis
The Group invests in both listed securities that are traded in active markets and unlisted securities that are not
actively traded.
The Group’s listed securities are considered to be readily realisable, as they are mainly listed on either of Vietnam’s
stock exchanges (HOSE or HNX). However occasional lack of liquidity in the market can lead to delays in selling shares,
which in turn, could impact the price realised if the Group needs to sell the shares quickly.
Unlisted securities, which are not traded in an organised public market, may be illiquid. As a result, the Group may not
be able to quickly liquidate its investments in these instruments at an amount close to fair value in order to respond to
its liquidity requirements or to other specific events such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of a particular issuer.
As at the reporting date, the Group’s contractual financial liabilities shown in the consolidated balance sheet as
current are repayable within six months (30 June 2013: six months) from the consolidated balance sheet date. The
long-term contractual financial liability is not material to the Group.
Capital management
The Group’s capital management objectives are to achieve capital growth and ensure the Group’s ability to continue
as a going concern. The Group is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.
Net assets are allocated in such a way so as to generate investment returns that are commensurate with the
investment objectives outlined in the Group’s offering documents.
Of the above balances, during the year, a receivable from a third party amounting to US$8.7 million and a short-term
loan to an associate amounting to US$0.3 million were rescheduled.
Fair value estimation
The table below analyses financial instruments carried at fair value, by valuation method. The difference levels have
been defined as follows:
• Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
• Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either
directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices); and
• Level 3: Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs).
There were no financial liabilities for the Group which were measured using the fair valuation method as at 30 June
2014 and 30 June 2013.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 110
29
e)
FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (continued)
Fair value estimation (continued)
The level within which the financial asset is classified is determined based on the lowest level of significant input to
the fair value measurement.
The financial assets measured at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets are grouped into the fair value hierarchy
as follows. See Note 6 for the prepayment for acquisition of investment properties that are measured at fair value.
As at 30 June 2014
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
in Vietnam:
– Ordinary shares – listed
– Ordinary shares – unlisted
– Government bonds
Financial assets in countries other than Vietnam:
– Ordinary shares – listed
Available-for-sale financial assets:
– Private equity investments
Other financial asset
Level 1
USD’000
Level 2
USD’000
Level 3
USD’000
Total
USD’000
418,964
4,697
19,241
25,543
–
4,695
4,599
81,301
–
–
–
–
–
423,563
2,691
–
–
6,033
–
88,689
19,241
25,543
6,033
4,695
473,140
85,900
8,724
567,764
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 111
29
e)
FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (continued)
Fair value estimation (continued)
As at 30 June 2013
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss in
Vietnam:
– Ordinary shares – listed
– Ordinary shares – unlisted
– Government bonds
Financial assets in countries other than Vietnam:
– Ordinary shares – listed
Available-for-sale financial assets:
– Private equity investments
Level 1
USD’000
Level 2
USD’000
Level 3
USD’000
Total
USD’000
350,694
4,697
17,752
21,521
8,700
5,744
66,871
–
–
–
403,364
72,615
–
356,438
5,180
–
–
76,748
17,752
21,521
5,784
10,964
14,484
486,943
Investments whose values are based on quoted market prices in active markets, and are therefore classified within
Level 1, include active listed equities, government bonds and private equity investment that have committed prices at
the consolidated balance sheet date. The Group does not adjust the quoted price for these instruments.
Financial instruments that trade in markets that are not considered to be active but are valued based on quoted
market prices and dealer quotations are classified within Level 2. These include investments in listed equities and OTC
equities. As Level 2 investments include positions that are not traded in active markets, valuations may be adjusted to
reflect illiquidity and/or non-transferability, which are generally based on available market information.
Specific valuation techniques used to value financial instruments include:
•
•
•
Quoted market prices or dealer quotes;
Use of discounted cash flow technique to present value the estimated future cash flows;
Other techniques, such as latest market transaction price.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 112
29
e)
FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (continued)
Fair value estimation (continued)
Level 3 instruments relate to investments in private equity and thinly traded shares. Investments classified within
Level 3 have significant unobservable inputs as they trade infrequently. As observable prices are not available for
these securities, the Group uses valuation techniques to derive the fair value and/or the value derived by independent
valuation professionals. Level 3 valuations are reviewed on a half-yearly basis by the Company’s Audit and Valuation
Committee which in turn reports to the Board of Directors. The work of the Audit and Valuation Committee is assisted
by the Investment Manager.
A sensitivity analysis for Level 3 investments is not presented as it was deemed that the impact of reasonable changes
to any unobservable inputs would not be significant.
Transfers between levels
The Group recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period during
which the transfer has occurred.
For the year ended 30 June 2014, there were two transfers between levels as follows:
Transfer from Level 1 to Level 2
During the year ended 30 June 2014, there were no transfers between Level 1 to Level 2. An unlisted investment
worth USD1.6 million which was classified as Level 2 as at 30 June 2013 was sold during the year.
During the year ended 30 June 2013, the Group transferred two listed equities amounting to USD5.74 million that
were thinly traded from Level 1 to Level 2.
Transfer from Level 2 to Level 3
During the year ended 30 June 2014, the Group transferred six unlisted investments amounting to USD2.6 million
which were carried at par value from Level 2 to Level 3.
During the year ended 30 June 2014, two unlisted shares which were classified as Level 2 in prior year were
transferred to Level 3 and fully provided for based on the known financial position of those investee companies as at
the reporting date. The fair value loss of USD4.1 million was included in the consolidated income statement within the
net gain in fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit and loss during the year.
During the year ended 30 June 2013, there were no transfers from Level 2 to Level 3.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 113
29
e)
FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (continued)
Fair value estimation (continued)
Transfer from Level 2 to Level 3 (continued)
The following table presents the changes in Level 3 financial assets:
Opening balance
Additions
Transfers out of Level 3 (*)
Transfer from assets held for sales
Disposals
Reversal of impairment loss/gain recognised in income statement
Closing balance
Total gains for the year included in:
– Income statement
– Other comprehensive income
(*) Transfers out of Level 3 are due to disposals of investments.
Year ended
30 June 2014
USD’000
30 June 2013
USD’000
10,964
2,691
–
–
(5,180)
249
8,724
249
–
249
20,045
–
(14,261)
4,900
–
280
10,964
280
–
280
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Notice of 2014 Annual General Meeting
114
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Annual General Meeting of the VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund Limited will be held at
4pm local time on Wednesday 26 November 2014 at the offices of VinaCapital Singapore at 6 Temasek Boulevard,
#42-01, Suntec Tower 4, Singapore 038986 for the purpose of considering and, if thought fit, passing the following resolutions
all of which will be proposed as ordinary resolutions:
Resolution 1 – ordinary resolution
To receive and adopt the Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2014, with
the Reports of the Directors and Auditors thereon.
Resolution 2 – ordinary resolution
To elect Ms Thuy Dam as a Director of the Company.
Resolution 3 – ordinary resolution
To re-elect Mr Steven Bates as a Director of the Company.
Resolution 4 – ordinary resolution
To re-elect Mr Martin Adams as a Director of the Company.
Resolution 5 – ordinary resolution
To re-elect Mr Michael Gray as a Director of the Company.
Resolution 6 – ordinary resolution
To re-appoint PricewaterhouseCoopers (Hong Kong) as independent auditor to the
Company and to authorise the Directors to determine their remuneration.
SECTION 4
NOTICE OF
2014 ANNUAL
GENERAL
MEETING
Dated: 28 October 2014
By Order of the Board
Registered Office:
PO Box 309
Ugland House
Grand Cayman
KY1-1104
Cayman Islands
HSBC Institutional Trust Services (Singapore) Limited
20 Pasir Panjang Road (East Lobby)
#12-21 Mapletree Business City
Singapore 117439
Administrator’s delegate
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Notice of 2014 Annual General Meeting
115
NOTES:
1.
A shareholder entitled to attend and vote at the meeting is entitled to appoint one or more proxies to attend and vote
instead of him or her. A proxy need not be a member of the Company. A Form of Proxy is enclosed with this notice.
Completion and return of the Form of Proxy will not preclude shareholders from attending or voting at the meeting, if
they so wish.
2.
To be valid, the Form of Proxy, together with the power of attorney or other authority, if any, under which it is executed
(or a notarially certified copy of such power of attorney) must be deposited with:
HSBC Institutional Trust Services (Singapore) Limited
20 Pasir Panjang Road (East Lobby)
#12-21 Mapletree Business City
Singapore 117439
Attn: Emily Siah
or
by fax on
+ (65) 6535 5244
Attn: Emily Siah
by no later than 6pm (Singapore time) on Monday, 24 November 2014
3.
A holder of ordinary shares (or the beneficial title thereto) must first have his or her name entered on the Register (or
where ordinary shares are held in Euroclear or Clearstream otherwise be beneficially entitled to such ordinary shares
by) not later than 1pm. (UK time) on Monday, 24 November 2014. Changes to entries in that Register after that time
shall be disregarded in determining the rights of any holders to attend and vote at such meeting (or to provide voting
instructions to the relevant Euroclear or Clearstream nominee).
4.
Shareholders who wish to attend the AGM in person should follow normal Euroclear and/or Clearstream procedures.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014
Investing Policy
116
SECTION 5
INVESTING
POLICY
Investment objectives
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund Limited (“VOF” or “the Company”) is a closed-end investment company incorporated
in the Cayman Islands with the primary objective of achieving medium to long-term (3-5 years) capital appreciation and
providing an attractive level of income, dividends and other distributions through investment in listed and unlisted companies,
debt, private equity, real estate and other investment opportunities in Vietnam (primarily) and surrounding Asian countries
Cambodia, Laos and southern China.
Investment Manager
VOF is managed by VinaCapital Investment Management Limited (the “Investment Manager” or “VCIM”), a Cayman Islands
company. VCIM was established in 2008 and manages a number of listed and unlisted investment companies.
Investing policy
The Company will adhere to the following investment policies:
Type of investment
Investments will be made in comparatively undervalued assets with the potential for value enhancement and realisation,
for instance in listed and OTC securities, expansion capital for early and mid-stage companies, listed funds, distressed assets,
NPL portfolios and Vietnamese assets of distressed overseas investors. The Company will engage in all forms of investment as
allowed under the laws of each jurisdiction in which it operates, including but not limited to, listed and non-listed equity, debt,
convertible loans, other assets, and other instruments and structures that may be suitable to allow participation in selected
investment opportunities.
Geographical focus
At least 70 per cent of the Company’s gross assets will be invested in Vietnam or related to entities in other countries having
substantial assets, liabilities, operations, revenues or income derived from Vietnam. Up to a maximum of 30 per cent of the
gross assets of the Company may also be invested in neighbouring Asian countries (namely China, Cambodia and Laos), should
the Directors consider that such investments offer potentially attractive returns or portfolio diversification.
Sector focus
Investment will primarily be made in key growth sectors of the economy as Vietnam modernises and domestic consumer
demand develops with rising income levels, including retail and consumer goods, financial services, property and construction
materials. The secondary focus will be on other expanding sectors such as tourism, manufacturing, infrastructure and export
sectors where Vietnam has a comparative advantage.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Investing Policy
117
Investment criteria
Key investment criteria will include:
• For investment in growth businesses, full use will be made of the established stock selection and analytical skills of the
Investment Manager and its advisers and the broad experience of the Directors to select enterprises which, in their
opinion, have sound products and good growth prospects.
• The Company will seek to identify businesses with a record of profit growth, with strong and motivated management
teams who have adopted proven business models and which have the realistic potential of exit through trade sale, listing
in Vietnam or in another country.
• The Investment Manager will utilise its extensive sourcing capabilities in real estate investment and expertise in property
development to selectively invest in projects to capitalise on ongoing demand/supply imbalances in the property sector.
• The Directors in conjunction with the Investment Manager will also aim to achieve a balance in its exposure to different sectors.
Furthermore, no single investment may at the time of investment exceed 20 per cent of the NAV of the Company.
It is the intention of the Company to be active in the development of a thoroughly researched and carefully selected portfolio
of investments. The Directors intend that the portfolio will be developed in such a way as to take, where practicable, relatively
large stakes in those enterprises which have met the Investment Manager’s criteria.
Exit strategy
The Company is a publicly listed investment company on the London Stock Exchange’s AIM Market. Investors are free to
purchase and sell shares whenever they please. Concerning portfolio investments, the Company will aim to realise individual
investments when the Board believes the realisation would be in the best interests of the Company, ideally within a five-year
time frame.
Cross holdings
The Company may from time to time invest in listed shares of other closed-ended funds focused on Vietnam by selectively
acquiring shares of such funds where the shares are currently trading at prices below the intrinsic value of the funds’
underlying assets. This includes among others, shares in VinaLand Limited (AIM: VNL) and Vietnam Infrastructure Limited
(AIM: VNI), closed-ended investment companies admitted to trading on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange plc and
also managed by VCIM. In such cases, VOF will enter into irrevocable arrangements with an independent third party broker
to specifically purchase on its behalf and within certain pre-set parameters, ordinary shares in VNL and VNI. VOF intends to
acquire and hold shares of VNL and VNI via such arrangements on a rolling basis. Furthermore, only the Independent Directors
of the VOF Board shall be authorised to provide instructions to the Independent Broker and to vote on behalf of VOF at any
VNL and VNI shareholder meetings. VOF may waive its right of first refusal to take up to a 25 per cent direct stake in new VNL
projects. In addition, VCIM rebates to VOF the management fees earned that correspond to the portion of VOF’s holding in VNL
and VNI.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Investing Policy
118
Leverage
The Directors may exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertaking,
property and uncalled capital or any part thereof and to issue debentures, debenture stock, mortgages, bonds and other such
securities whether outright or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or of any third party.
Other information
The Company will adhere to the above investment policies, in the absence of unforeseen circumstances, unless these are
changed by a shareholders’ resolution. Such changes may be prompted by changes in Government policies or economic
conditions which change or introduce additional investment opportunities.
Cash pending investment, reinvestment or distribution will be placed in bank deposits, bonds or treasury securities, for the
purpose of protecting the capital value of the Company’s cash assets.
In order to hedge against interest rate risks or currency risk, the Company may also enter into forward interest rate
agreements, forward currency agreements, interest rates and bond futures contracts and interest rate swaps and purchase and
write (sell) put or call options on interest rates and put or call options on futures on interest rates.
Valuation policy
The NAV per share is calculated (and rounded to two decimal places), in US dollars by the Administrator (or such other person
as the Directors may appoint for such purpose from time to time) on a monthly basis (or at such other times as the Investment
Manager may determine but in any event at least quarterly). The NAV shall be the value of all assets of the Company less the
liabilities of the Company determined in accordance with the valuation guidelines adopted by the Directors from time to time.
Under current valuation guidelines adopted by the Directors, such values shall be determined as follows:
The value of any cash in hand or on deposit, bills and demand notes and accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, cash dividends
and interest declared or accrued as aforesaid and not yet, received shall be deemed to be the full amount thereof, unless in
any case the Directors shall have determined that the same is unlikely to be paid or received in full, in which case the value
thereof shall be arrived at after making such discount as the Directors may consider appropriate in such case to reflect the true
value thereof;
The value of securities which are quoted or dealt in on any stock exchange (including any securities traded on an “over the
counter market”) shall be based on the last traded prices on such stock exchange, or if there is more than one stock exchange
on which the securities are traded or admitted for trading, that which is normally the principal stock exchange for such security,
provided that any such securities which are not freely transferable, or which are not regularly traded, or which for any other
reason are subject to limited marketability, shall be valued at a discount (the amount of such discount being determined by the
Directors in their absolute discretion or in a manner so approved by the Directors);
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Investing Policy
119
As regards unquoted securities:
• Unquoted investments will initially be valued at cost price, which will include any expenses relating to their acquisition;
• A revaluation of unquoted investments to a value in excess of or below cost may be made in the circumstances provided
by and in accordance with the guidelines issued by the British Investment Fund Association or any successor body;
• All other assets and liabilities shall be valued at their respective fair values as determined in good faith by the Directors
and in accordance with generally accepted valuation principles and procedures;
Any value other than in USD translated at any officially set exchange rate or appropriate spot market rate as the Directors
deem appropriate in the circumstances having regard, inter alia, to any premium or discount which may be relevant and to
costs of exchange. If the Directors consider that any of the above bases of valuation are inappropriate in any particular case
or generally, they may adopt such other valuation or valuation procedure as they consider is reasonable in the circumstances
provided that such other valuation or valuation procedure has been approved by the Company’s auditors. The Directors may
delegate to the Investment Manager any of their discretions under the valuation guidelines.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Historical Financial Information
120
HISTORICAL
FINANCIAL
INFORMATION
Years ended 30 June
Statement of Income (USD’000)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Total income from ordinary activities
29,075
134,263
(8,420)
54,556
120,750
119,487
Total expenses from ordinary activities
(25,869)
(29,047)
(27,214)
(25,424)
(29,515)
(35,921)
Operating profit before income tax
3,206
105,216
(35,634)
29,132
90,724
82,628
Income tax expense
Profit for the year
Minority interests
(108)
(211)
(545)
(700)
(672)
(1,201)
3,098
105,005
(36,179)
28,432
90,052
81,427
(3,684)
311
106
0
(202)
(239)
Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders
6,782
104,694
(36,285)
28,432
90,254
81,666
Statement of financial position (USD’000)
Total assets
Total liabilities
Net assets
Share information
Basic earnings per share (cents per share)
Share price as 30 June
718,023
793,820
764,603
775,455
771,843
805,488
36,111
11,319
12,697
9,810
19,400
26,533
681,912
782,501
751,906
765,645
752,443
778,955
2.00
1.43
32.00
1.40
(11.00)
1.57
9.00
1.50
31.00
2.13
33.00
2.50
Ordinary share capital (thousand shares)
324,610
324,610
324,610
312,536
261,376
238,255
Market capitalisation at 30 June (USD’000)
462,569
455,428
509,313
468,803
556,731
595,638
Net asset value per ordinary share (USD)
2.10
2.41
2.32
2.45
2.88
3.27
Ratio
Return on average ordinary shareholder’s funds
Total expense ratio (% of NAV)
1.1%
2.24%
17.0%
2.16%
(6.0%)
2.13%
4.0%
2.13%
14.8%
2.13%
14.6%
2.89%
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Notes
121
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Notes
122
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 OVERVIEW AND ADVISERS
Fund size
USD779.0 million (NAV as of 30 June 2014)
Fund launch
30 September 2003
Term of fund
Five years and then subject to shareholder vote to discontinue
Fund domicile
Cayman Islands
Legal form
Exempted Company limited by shares
Structure
Single class of ordinary shares trading on the AIM market of the London Stock
Exchange plc
Auditor
PricewaterhouseCoopers (Hong Kong)
Nominated advisor
(Nomad) Grant Thornton Corporate Finance (UK)
Custodian
HSBC Trustee (HK)
Brokers
Edmond de Rothschild (UK) Limited
4 Carlton Gardens
London SW1Y 5AA
United Kingdom
www.countryfunds.co.uk
Numis Securities Limited
The London Stock Exchange
10 Paternoster Square
London EC4M 7LT
www.numiscorp.com
123
123
Lawyers
Wragge Lawrence Graham & Co LLP, Maples and Calder (Cayman Islands)
Base and incentive fee
Base fee of 1.5 per cent of NAV. Incentive fees are based on two separate pools of
investments: direct real estate and all other investments. The incentive fee paid
equates to 15 per cent of the increase in the NAV of each pool during the year
over a hurdle of 8 per cent. The total amount of incentive fees paid in any one year
is capped at 1.5 per cent of the pool’s NAV.
Investment Manager
VinaCapital Investment Management Limited
Investment policy
Medium to long-term capital gains with some recurring income and short-term profit
taking. Primary investment focus areas are: Privately negotiated equity investments;
Undervalued/distressed assets; Privatisation of state-owned enterprises; Real estate;
and Private placements into listed and OTC-traded companies.
Investment focus by geography
Greater Indochina comprising: Vietnam (minimum of 70 per cent), Cambodia,
Laos, and southern China.
Registered office
PO Box 309 GT, Ugland House, South Church Street, George Town, Grand Cayman,
Cayman Islands.
VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund LimitedAnnual Report 2014 Ho Chi Minh City
17th Floor, Sun Wah Tower
115 Nguyen Hue Blvd., District 1
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Phone: +84-8 3821 9930
Fax: +84-8 3821 9921
Hanoi
5th Floor, Sun City Building
13 Hai Ba Trung Street,
Hoan Kiem Dist., Hanoi, Vietnam
Phone: +84-4 3936 4630
Fax: +84-4 3936 4629
Singapore
6 Temasek Boulevard
42-01 Suntec Tower 4
Singapore 038986
Phone: +65 6332 9081
Fax: +65 6333 9081