Quarterlytics / Consumer Cyclical / Packaging & Containers / Viskase Companies, Inc.

Viskase Companies, Inc.

vksc · OTC Consumer Cyclical
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Ticker vksc
Exchange OTC
Sector Consumer Cyclical
Industry Packaging & Containers
Employees 1001-5000
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FY2020 Annual Report · Viskase Companies, Inc.
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Financial Report for 
year end  

December 31, 2020 

 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
OF VISKASE COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 

1.  Financial Statements: 

-  Report of Independent Certified Public Accountants 

-  Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and  2019 

-  Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 

2019 and 2018 

-  Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended 

December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 

-  Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 

31, 2020, 2019 and 2018  

-  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020, 

2019 and 2018 

-  Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 

      Operations (unaudited) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GRANT THORNTON LLP 

Grant Thornton Tower 

171 N Clark Street, Suite 200 

Chicago, IL 60601-3370 

D    +1 312.856.0200 
F    +1 312.555.4719 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS 

Board of Directors 
Viskase Companies, Inc.  

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Viskase 
Companies, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries, which comprise the 
consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related 
consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in 
stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended 
December 31, 2020, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements.   

Management’s responsibility for the financial statements  
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these 
consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally 
accepted in the United States of America; this includes the design, implementation, 
and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation 
of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether 
due to fraud or error. 

Auditor’s responsibility  
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements 
based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards 
generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we 
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the 
consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts 
and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected 
depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material 
misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. 
In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to 
the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements 
in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not 
for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal 
control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating 
the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant 
accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall 
presentation of the consolidated financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to 
provide a basis for our audit opinion.  

GT.COM 

Grant Thornton LLP is the U.S. member firm of Grant Thornton International Ltd (GTIL). GTIL and each of its member firms 
are separate legal entities and are not a worldwide partnership.     

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opinion  
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, 
in all material respects, the financial position of Viskase Companies, Inc. and 
subsidiaries as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of their operations 
and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 
2020 in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United 
States of America.  

Chicago, Illinois 
March 26, 2021 

 
 
 
 
  
VISKASE COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
(In Thousands, Except for Number of Shares) 

See notes to consolidated financial statements 

December 31, 2020December 31, 2019ASSETS  Current assets:   Cash and cash equivalents$15,848$21,820   Restricted cash-                          1,153   Receivables, net87,94677,956   Inventories89,25499,821   Other current assets46,64943,617Total current assets239,697244,367Property, plant and equipment405,199384,290Less accumulated depreciation(245,162)(222,495)Property, plant and equipment, net160,037161,795Right of use assets31,70034,062                   Other assets, net15,89916,617Intangible assets22,78722,471Goodwill3,6203,376Deferred income taxes29,38330,199Total Assets$503,123$512,887LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYCurrent liabilities:   Short-term debt$12,134$11,840   Accounts payable35,06735,038   Accrued liabilities42,17644,679   Short-term portion lease liabilities5,559                      6,128                     Total current liabilities94,93697,685Long-term debt, net of current maturities139,237                  255,865Long-term liabilities6,9065,929Accrued employee benefits78,64370,648Deferred income taxes3,8763,991Long-term lease liabilities29,70532,296                   Stockholders’ equity:Common stock, $0.01 par value; 103,995,935 shares issued and 103,190,665 outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 53,995,935 shares issued and 53,190,665 outstanding at December 31, 20191,040540Paid in capital182,34382,843Retained earnings46,15741,415Less 805,270 treasury shares, at cost(298)(298)Accumulated other comprehensive loss(78,651)(77,435)Total Viskase stockholders' equity150,59147,065Deficit attributable to non-controlling interest(771)(592)Total stockholders' equity149,82046,473Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity$503,123$512,887 
 
 
 
 
VISKASE COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS  
(In Thousands) 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

YearYearYearEndedEndedEndedDecemberDecemberDecember31, 202031, 201931, 2018   NET SALES$408,887$384,872$395,329Cost of sales327,850311,644315,764GROSS MARGIN81,03773,22879,565Selling, general and administrative49,81253,70456,426Amortization of intangibles1,6571,6191,664Asset impairment charge372                     951                    149                    Restructuring expense398                     9,224                 8,862                 OPERATING INCOME28,7987,73012,464Interest income19275519Interest expense, net11,39616,49815,821Loss on early extinguishment of debt280-                    -                    Other expense, net6,3608,87515,701INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES10,781(17,368)(18,539)Income tax provision (benefit) 6,2187,749(4,069)NET INCOME (LOSS) $4,563($25,117)($14,470)Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(179)(170)(278) Net income (loss) attributable to Viskase Companies, Inc$4,742($24,947)($14,192)WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES- BASIC 64,697,51453,190,66553,007,515 PER SHARE AMOUNTS:EARNINGS PER SHARE- BASIC$0.07($0.47)($0.27)WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES- DILUTED64,697,51453,190,66553,007,515PER SHARE AMOUNTS:EARNINGS PER SHARE- DILUTED$0.07($0.47)($0.27) 
 
 
 
VISKASE COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) 
(In Thousands) 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

YearYearYearEndedEndedEndedDecemberDecemberDecember31, 202031, 201931, 2018Net income (loss)$4,563($25,117)($14,470)Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax    Pension liability adjustment(4,652)1,7386,095    Foreign currency translation adjustment3,436(1,234)(4,622)Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(1,216)5041,473Comprehensive income (loss)$3,347($24,613)($12,997)Less: comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(179)(170)(278) Net comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Viskase Companies, Inc$3,526($24,443)($12,719) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VISKASE COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY  
(In Thousands) 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

Accumulated otherTotalTotalCommonPaid inTreasury  Retained  comprehensive stockholders’Non-controllingstockholders’stockcapitalstockearningslossequityInterest equityBalance December 31, 2017$373$32,786($298)$81,891($80,749)$34,003($144)$33,859Net loss-         -          -         (14,192)-                             (14,192)(278)(14,470)          Foreign currency translation adjustment-         -          -         -             (4,622)                        (4,622)-                     (4,622)            Pension liability adjustment, net of tax-         -          -         -             6,095                         6,095-                     6,095             Issuance of common stock16749,833-         -             -                             50,000-                     50,000           Stock option expense-         224         -         -             -                             224-                     224                Balance December 31, 2018 $540$82,843($298)$67,699($79,276)$71,508($422)$71,086Net loss-         -          -         ($24,947)-                             (24,947)         (170)                   (25,117)          Foreign currency translation adjustment-         -          -         -             (1,234)                        (1,234)           -                     (1,234)            Pension liability adjustment, net of tax-         -          -         -             1,738                         1,738            -                     1,738             Elimination of stranded tax effects within AOCI resulting from tax reform-         -          -         (1,337)        1,337                         -                -                     -                 Balance December 31, 2019 $540$82,843($298)$41,415($77,435)$47,065(592)$                 $46,473Net income (loss)-         -          -         4,742          -                             4,742            (179)                   4,563             Foreign currency translation adjustment-         -          -         -             3,436                         3,436            -                     3,436             Pension liability adjustment, net of tax-         -          -         -             (4,652)                        (4,652)           -                     (4,652)            Issuance of common stock500        99,500    -         -             -                             100,000        -                     100,000         Balance December 31, 2020$1,040$182,343($298)$46,157($78,651)$150,591($771)$149,820 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VISKASE COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
(In Thousands) 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

YearYearYearEndedEndedEndedDecemberDecemberDecember31, 202031, 201931, 2018Cash flows from operating activities:Net income (loss)$4,563($25,117)($14,470)   Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash     provided by operating activities:Depreciation and amortization27,82925,74524,749Stock-based compensation-                    -                    224                   Amortization of deferred financing fees653641550Deferred income taxes2,1633,819(7,241)Postretirement settlement charge-                    -                    7,381                Loss on disposition/impairment of assets37247757Bad debt and accounts receivable provision(121)2,401128Non-cash interest on term loans83350486Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Receivables(6,984)(5,912)2,386Inventories13,224(6,462)(2,564)Other current assets(1,981)(3,133)(1,306)Accounts payable(1,352)2,208(2,076)Accrued current liabilities(2,949)4,6263,243Accrued employee benefits(691)(1,391)(1,738)Other assets7212,343(392)Other(2,015)(108)(424)Total adjustments28,95225,60423,463Net cash provided by operating activities33,5154878,993Cash flows from investing activities:Capital expenditures(19,263)(17,679)(24,609)Proceeds from disposition of assets5951619Net cash used in investing activities(19,204)(17,163)(24,590)Cash flows from financing activities:    Issuance of common stock100,000            -                    50,000              Deferred financing costs(2,123)(140)(120)Proceeds from short-term debt20,200Proceeds from long-term debt150,000            -                    4,637                Repayment of long-term debt(285,550)           (4,600)               (8,160)               Repayment of capital lease(510)(431)(491)Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(17,983)(5,171)45,866Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash(3,453)(2,370)(673)Net (decrease) increase in cash and equivalents(7,125)(24,217)29,596Cash, equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period22,97347,19017,594Cash, equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$15,848$22,973$47,190Supplemental cash flow information:Interest paid less capitalized interest$10,366$15,295$14,797Income taxes paid $2,508$1,874$4,238 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
 (In Thousands) 

1.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policy 

Nature of Operations 

Viskase Companies, Inc. together with its subsidiaries (“we” or the “Company”)  is a 
producer  of  non-edible  cellulosic,  fibrous  and  plastic  casings  used  to  prepare  and 
package  processed  meat  products,  and  provides  value-added  support  services 
relating  to  these  products,  for  some  of  the  largest  global  consumer  products 
companies. We were incorporated in Delaware in 1970.  The Company operates ten 
manufacturing facilities in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia and, as a 
result, is able to sell its products in nearly one hundred countries throughout the world.  

Seasonality 

Historically, our domestic sales and profits have been seasonal in nature, increasing 
in the spring and summer months. Sales outside of the United States follow a 
relatively stable pattern throughout the year. 

Principles of Consolidation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  the  Company. 
Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements 

The  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted 
accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America and include the use 
of  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  a  number  of  amounts  included  in  the 
Company’s financial statements, including, among other things, pensions and other 
postretirement  benefits  and  related  disclosures,  reserves  for  excess  and  obsolete 
inventory, allowance for doubtful accounts, and income taxes. Management bases 
its  estimates  on  historical  experience  and  other  assumptions  that  we  believe  are 
reasonable.  If  actual  amounts  are  ultimately  different  from  previous  estimates,  the 
revisions  are  included  in  the  Company’s  results  for  the  period  in  which  the  actual 
amounts become known. Historically, the aggregate differences, if any, between the 
Company’s  estimates  and  actual  amounts  in  any  year  have  not  had  a  significant 
effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 

Reclassifications 

Certain prior period financial statement balances have been reclassified to conform 
to the current period presentation. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers cash equivalents 
to  consist  of  all  highly  liquid  debt  investments  purchased  with  an  initial  maturity  of 
approximately three months or less. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, 
the carrying values approximate the fair market value.  Of the cash held on deposit, 
essentially all of the cash balance was in excess of amounts insured by the Federal 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposit  Insurance  Corporation  or  other  foreign  provided  bank  insurance.   The 
Company  performs  periodic  evaluations  of  these  institutions  for  relative  credit 
standing  and  has  not  experienced  any 
its  cash 
concentration.   Consequently,  no  significant  concentrations  of  credit  risk  are 
considered to exist. 

losses  as  a 

result  of 

Receivables 

Trade  accounts  receivable  are  classified  as  current  assets  and  are  reported  net  of 
allowance for doubtful accounts, which includes the evaluation of expected credit 
losses following the adoption of ASC Topic 326.  This estimated allowance is primarily 
based upon our evaluation of the future expected loss for the asset.  The Company 
estimates this using the financial condition of each customer, each customer’s ability 
to pay and the economic conditions of the country the customer resides in.  For all 
trade accounts receivable, the Company defines “past due” as any payment, that 
is at least 15 days past the contractual due date. For the year ended December 31, 
2020, there have been no losses or write offs related to expected credit losses.  

Inventories 

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value.  Cost is determined 
by using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis method. 

Property, Plant and Equipment 

The  Company  carries  property,  plant  and  equipment  at  cost,  less  accumulated 
depreciation. Property and equipment additions include acquisition of property and 
equipment  and  costs  incurred  for  computer  software  purchased  for  internal  use 
including related external direct costs of materials and services and payroll costs for 
employees directly associated with the project. Upon retirement or other disposition, 
cost  and  related accumulated  depreciation are removed  from  the  accounts,  and 
any gain or loss is included in results of operations. Depreciation is computed on the 
straight-line  method  using  a  half  year convention  over  the  estimated useful  lives  of 
the assets ranging from (i) building and improvements - 10 to 32 years, (ii) machinery 
and equipment - 4 to 12 years, (iii) furniture and fixtures - 3 to 12 years, (iv) auto and 
trucks - 2 to 5 years, (v) data processing – 3 to 7 years and (vi) leasehold improvements 
- shorter of lease or useful life. 

In the ordinary course of business, we lease certain equipment, consisting mainly of 
autos, and certain real property. Real property consists of manufacturing, distribution 
and office facilities.   

Deferred Financing Costs 

Deferred financing costs are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction 
from  the  carrying  amount  of  debt  liability  and  amortized  as  expense  using  the 
effective  interest  rate  method  over  the  expected  term  of  the  related  debt 
agreement. Amortization of deferred financing costs is classified as interest expense. 

Intangible Assets and Goodwill 

The  Company  has  recognized  definite  lived  intangible  assets  for  patents  and 
trademarks, customer relationships, technologies and in-place leases. The intangible 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
assets  are  amortized  on  the  straight-line  method  over  an  estimated  weighted 
average  useful  life  of  12  years  for  patents  and  trademarks,  20  years  for  customer 
relationships, 13 years for technologies and 14 years for in-place leases.  

Our  estimates  of  the  useful  lives  of  finite-lived  intangible  assets  consider  judgments 
regarding  the  future  effects  of  obsolescence,  demand,  competition  and  other 
economic  factors.  We  conduct  impairment  tests  when  events  or  changes  in 
circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these finite-lived assets may not be 
recoverable.  Undiscounted  cash  flow  analyses  are  used  to  determine  if  an 
impairment exists. If an impairment is determined to exist, the loss is calculated based 
on the estimated fair value of the assets. 

Current accounting guidance provides entities an option of performing a qualitative 
assessment (a "step-zero" test) before performing a quantitative analysis. If the entity 
determines, on the basis of certain qualitative factors, that it is more-likely than- not 
that the goodwill is not impaired, the entity would not need to proceed to the two 
step impairment testing process (quantitative analysis) as prescribed in the guidance. 
During fourth quarter 2020, the Company performed a “step zero” test of its goodwill  
and concluded that there was no impairment based on this guidance.   

Long-Lived Assets  

The Company continues to evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets including 
property,  plant  and  equipment,  trademarks  and  patents.    Impairments  are 
recognized  when  the  expected  undiscounted  future  operating  cash  flows  derived 
from  long-lived  assets  are  less  than  their  carrying  value.  If  impairment  is  identified, 
valuation techniques deemed appropriate under the particular circumstances will be 
used to determine the asset’s fair value. The loss will be measured based on the excess 
of  carrying  value  over  the  determined  fair  value.    The  review  for  impairment  is 
performed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying 
amount of assets may not be recoverable. 

Shipping and Handling 

The Company periodically bills customers for shipping charges.  These amounts are 
included in net revenue, with the associated costs included in cost of sales. 

Repairs and Maintenance 

Routine 
incurred. 
repairs  and  maintenance  are  charged  to  operations  as 
Improvements  and  major  repairs,  which  extend  the  useful  life  of  an  asset,  are 
capitalized and depreciated. 

Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits 

The  Company  uses  appropriate  actuarial  methods  and  assumptions  in  accounting 
for its defined benefit pension plans and non-pension postretirement benefits. 

Actual results that differ from assumptions used are accumulated and amortized over 
future  periods  and,  accordingly,  generally  affect  recognized  expense  and  the 
recorded  obligation  in  future  periods.  Therefore,  assumptions  used  to  calculate 
benefit obligations as of the end of a fiscal year directly impact the expense to be 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
recognized  in  future  periods.  The  primary  assumptions  affecting  the  Company’s 
accounting for employee benefits as of December 31, 2020 are as follows:  

  •   Long-term rate of return on plan assets: The required use of the expected long-
term  rate  of  return  on  plan  assets  may  result  in  recognized  returns  that  are 
greater  or  less  than  the  actual returns  on  those  plan  assets  in  any  given  year. 
Over  time,  however,  the  expected  long-term  rate  of  return  on  plan  assets  is 
designed to approximate actual earned long-term returns. The Company uses 
long-term  historical  actual  return  information,  the  mix  of  investments  that 
comprise  plan  assets,  and  future  estimates  of  long-term  investment  returns  by 
reference to external sources to develop an assumption of the expected long-
term rate of return on plan assets. The expected long-term rate of return is used 
to calculate net periodic pension cost. In determining its pension obligations, the 
Company  is  using  a  long-term  rate  of  return  on  U.S.  plan  assets  of  5.85%  for 
December 31, 2020.  The Company is using a long-term rate of return on French 
plan assets of 2.60% for 2020.  The German pension plan has no assets.   

  •    Discount  rate:  The  discount  rate  is  used  to  calculate  future  pension  and 
postretirement obligations.  The Company is using a Mercer Bond yield curve in 
determining its pension obligations. The Company was using a discount rate of 
2.60%  for  December  31,  2020.    The  Company  is  using  a  weighted  average 
discount rate of 1.68% on its non-U.S. pension plans for December 31, 2020.  

Income Taxes 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax laws and tax rates 
expected  to  apply  to  taxable  income  in  the  years  in  which  those  temporary 
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets 
and liabilities due to a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that 
includes the enactment date. In addition, the amounts of any future tax benefits are 
reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent such benefits are not expected to 
be  realized  on  a  more  likely  than  not  basis.  Interest  and  penalties  related  to 
unrecognized tax benefits are included as a component of tax expense. 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

Comprehensive income (loss) includes all other non-stockholder changes in equity. 
Changes  in  other  comprehensive  income  (loss)  in  2020  and  2019  resulted  from 
changes in foreign currency translation and pension liability. 

Revenue Recognition 

The Company’s revenues are comprised of product sales. All revenue is recognized 
when the Company satisfies its performance obligation(s) under the contract (either 
implicit  or  explicit)  by  transferring  the  promised  product  to  its  customer  when  its 
customer obtains control of the product. A performance obligation is a promise in a 
contract  to  transfer  a  distinct  product  or  service  to  a  customer.  A  contract’s 
transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation. Substantially 
all of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise 
to transfer products is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract 
and, therefore, not distinct.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue  is  measured  as  the  amount  of  consideration  the  Company  expects  to 
receive in exchange for transferring products or providing services. The nature of the 
Company’s contracts gives rise  to several  types  of variable consideration.  As  such, 
revenue  is  recorded  net  of  estimated  discounts,  rebates  and  allowances.  These 
estimates  are  based  on  historical  experience,  anticipated  performance  and  the 
Company’s  best  judgment  at  the  time.  Because  of  the  Company’s  certainty  in 
estimating these amounts, they are included in the transaction price of its contracts. 

Sales,  value  add,  and  other  taxes  collected  from  customers  and  remitted  to 
governmental authorities are accounted for on a net (excluded from revenues) basis. 

Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is from products transferred to customers 
at a point in time. The Company recognizes revenue at the point in time in which the 
customer obtains control of the product, which is generally when product title passes 
to the customer upon shipment. In certain cases, title does not transfer and revenue 
is not recognized until the customer has received the products at its physical location 
or at port. 

 Financial Instruments 

The Company routinely enters into fixed price natural gas agreements which require 
us to purchase a portion of our natural gas each month at fixed prices.  These fixed 
price  agreements  qualify  for  the  “normal  purchases”  scope  exception  under 
derivative and hedging standards, therefore the natural gas purchases under these 
contracts  were  expensed  as  incurred  and  included  within  cost  of  sales.  As  of 
December  31,  2020,  future  annual  minimum  purchases  remaining  under  the 
agreement are $1,151. 

The  Company’s  financial  instruments  include  cash and cash equivalents,  accounts 
receivable and accounts payable. The carrying amounts of these financial assets and 
liabilities  approximate 
these 
instruments.  Management believes the fair value of the Company’s revolving loans 
approximate  the  carrying  value  due  to  credit  risk  or  current  market  rates,  which 
approximate  the  effective  interest  rates  on those  instruments.    The  fair  value  of  the 
Company’s  term  loans  is  estimated  by  discounting  the  future  cash  flow  using  the 
Company’s current borrowing rates for similar types and maturities of debt. 

short  maturities  of 

fair  value  due 

the 

to 

Leases 

On  January  1,  2019,  we  adopted  FASB  ASC  Topic  842,  Leases,  using  the  modified 
retrospective  approach,  which  does  not  require  the  application  of  this  Topic  to 
periods prior to January 1, 2019. The guidance under Topic 842 significantly impacts 
our presentation of financial condition and disclosures, but did not have significant 
impact to our results of operations. We now have a material amount reported as a 
right of use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability related to operating leases reported on 
our  balance  sheet.  Financing  leases  under  current  U.S.  GAAP  are  classified  and 
accounted  for  in  substantially  the  same  manner  as  capital  leases  under  prior  U.S. 
GAAP  and  therefore,  we  do  not  distinguish  between  financing  leases  and  capital 
leases unless the context requires.  The determination of whether an arrangement is 
or contains a lease occurs at inception. We have elected the practical expedient to 
include  both  the  lease  component  and  the  non-lease  component  as  a  single 
component  when  accounting  for  each  lease  and  calculating  the  resulting  lease 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
liability and ROU asset. The following is our accounting policy for leases in which we 
are the lessee. 

Leases  are  classified  as  either  operating  or  financing  by  the  lessee  depending  on 
whether the lease terms provide for control of the underlying asset to be transferred 
to the lessee. When control transfers to the lessee, we classify the lease as a financing 
lease. All other leases are recorded as operating leases. Effective January 1, 2019, for 
all leases with an initial lease term in excess of twelve months, we record a right-of-
use  asset with  a  corresponding  liability  in  our  balance  sheet.  We  have  elected  the 
practical expedient  for  all  leases  less  than  12  months  to  not record  a  ROU asset  or 
corresponding  lease  liability.  Right-of-use  assets  represent  our  right  to  use  an 
underlying  asset  for  the  lease  term  and  lease  liabilities  represent  our  obligation  to 
make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities 
are recognized at commencement of the lease based on the present value of lease 
payments  over  the  lease  term.  Right-of-use  assets  are  adjusted  for  any  lease 
payments made on or before commencement of the lease, less any lease incentives 
received. 

The  lease  liability  represents  future  lease  payments  for  lease  and  non-lease 
components discounted for present value. Lease payments that may be included in 
the lease liability include fixed payments, variable lease payments that are based on 
an index or rate and payments for penalties for terminating the lease if the lessee is 
reasonably certain to utilize a termination option, among others. Certain of our leases 
contain rent escalation clauses that are specifically stated in the lease and these are 
included  in  the  calculation  of  the  lease  liability.  Variable  lease  payments  for  lease 
and non-lease components which are not based on an index or rate are excluded 
from  the  calculation  of  the  lease  liability  and  are  recognized  in  the  statement  of 
operations during the period incurred. 

We  utilize  discount  rates  to  determine  the  net  present  value  of  our  gross  lease 
obligations  when  calculating  the  lease  liability  and  related  ROU  asset.  In  cases  in 
which the rate implicit in the lease is readily determinable, we utilize that discount rate 
for purposes of the net present value calculation. In most cases, our lease agreements 
do not have a discount rate that is readily determinable and therefore we utilize an 
estimate  of  our  incremental  borrowing  rate.  Our  incremental  borrowing  rate  is 
determined at lease commencement or lease modification and represents the rate 
of  interest  we would  have  to pay  to  borrow on  a  collateralized  basis  over  a  similar 
term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.  For 
adoption of the new standard, the rate was determined at the adoption date. 

The lease term is determined by taking into account the initial period as stated in the 
lease contract and adjusted for any renewal options that the company is reasonably 
certain  to  exercise  as  well  as  any period  of  time  that  the  lessee  has  control  of  the 
space  before  the  stated  initial  term  of  the  lease.  If  we  determine  that  we  are 
reasonably certain to exercise a termination option, the lease term is then adjusted 
to account for the expected termination date. 

Operating lease expense is recorded as a single expense recognized on a straight-
line basis over the lease term. Financing lease expense consists of interest expense on 
the financing lease liability and amortization of the right-of-use financing lease asset 
on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
New Accounting Pronouncements  

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial 
Instruments, which replaces the current incurred loss impairment method with a new 
method that reflects expected credit losses. Subsequent to the issuance of ASC Topic 
326, the FASB clarified and amended guidance through several Accounting Standard 
Updates; hereinafter the collection of credit loss guidance is referred to as “ASC Topic 
326”.  These ASUs require financial assets measured at amortized cost to be presented 
at the net amount to be collected, which may result in the Company recognizing an 
impairment  allowance  equal  to  its  current  estimate  of  credit  losses  for  assets 
measured.  ASC Topic 326 requires the Company to broaden the range of information 
utilized in estimating credit losses, including the consideration of forecasted and other 
supportable information to explain credit loss estimates. These ASUs are effective for 
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal 
years.  The  guidance  must  be  adopted  using  a  modified  retrospective  transition 
method through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings (deficit) in the 
period of adoption. We have adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020, and 
based  on  the  insignificant  impact  of  this  ASU  on  our  condensed  consolidated 
financial  statements,  no  adjustments  to  retained  earnings  (deficit)  were  required 
upon adoption of ASC Topic 326.  

The  amendment  aligns 

issued  ASU  2018-15,  Customer's  Accounting 

In  August  2018,  the  FASB 
for 
Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service 
Contract, which amends FASB ASC Subtopic 350-40, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-
Internal-Use  Software.  This  ASU  adds  certain  disclosure  requirements  related  to 
implementation  costs  incurred  for  internal-use  software  and  cloud  computing 
arrangements. 
for  capitalizing 
implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with 
the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain 
internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software 
license). This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and 
interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this ASU should be applied 
either using a retrospective or prospective approach. We have adopted this standard 
on  January  1,  2020  prospectively.  The  adoption  of  this  standard  did  not  have  a 
significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

requirements 

the 

In  December  2019,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2019-12,  Simplifying  the  Accounting  for 
Income Taxes, which amends FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. This ASU simplifies 
the  accounting  for  income  taxes  by  removing  certain  exceptions  to  the  general 
principles  in  the  standard  and  modifies  other  areas  of  the  standard  to  clarify  the 
application  of  U.S.  GAAP.  This  ASU  is  effective  for  fiscal  years  beginning  after 
December  15,  2020,  and 
interim  periods  within  those  fiscal  years.  Certain 
amendments in this ASU should be applied using a retrospective approach and others 
using  the  prospective  approach.  Early  adoption  is  permitted.  We  currently  do  not 
anticipate this standard to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial 
statements. 

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference 
Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which amends FASB ASC Topic 848, Reference 
Rate Reform. By June 30, 2023, banks will no longer be required to report information 
that  is  used  to  determine  London  Interbank  Offered  Rate  (“LIBOR”)  which  is  used 
globally by all types of entities for various types of transactions. As a result, LIBOR could 
be  discontinued,  as  well  as  other  interest  rates  used  globally.  This  ASU  provides 

 
 
 
 
 
companies  with  optional  expedients  for  contract  modifications  under  U.S  GAAP, 
excluded components of certain hedging relationships, fair value hedges, and cash 
flow  hedges,  as  well  as  certain  exceptions,  which  are  intended  to  help  ease  the 
potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from these reference 
rates.  Companies  can  apply  this  ASU  immediately  and  will  only  be  available  for  a 
limited time (generally through December 31, 2022). We are currently assessing the 
impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements. 

2.   Cash and cash equivalents 

As of December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, cash held in foreign banks was $13,409 
and $15,358, respectively. 

As of December 31, 2019, letters of credit in the amount of $985 were outstanding under 
facilities with a commercial bank, and were cash collateralized in a restricted account. 
During  October  2020,  the  letters  of  credit  were  moved  under  our  New  Senior  Credit 
Facility.  

3.  Recievables, net 

December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Cash and cash equivalents$15,848 $21,820 Restricted cash                                    -   1,153$15,848 $22,973 December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Accounts receivable, gross$91,416 $81,570 Less allowance for doubtful accounts (3,470)(3,614)$87,946 $77,956  December 31, 2020December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Beginning balance$3,614 $1,044 $1,182    Provision (recoveries) (121)2,401 128    Write-offs                                   -                                  (11)                                   -      Other and translation(23)180 (266)Ending balance$3,470 $3,614 $1,044  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Inventories 

5.  Property, Plant and Equipment, Net 

6.  Other Assets 

December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Raw materials$13,328 $15,841 Work in process45,321 59,036 Finished products 30,605 24,944   $89,254 $99,821  December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Land and improvements $1,969 $1,940 Buildings and improvements 48,443 45,314 Machinery and equipment345,014 324,287 Construction in progress 9,773 12,749   $405,199 $384,290 Accumulated depreciationDecember 31, 2020December 31, 2019  Land and improvements $424 $400 Buildings and improvements 21,093 19,188 Machinery and equipment223,645 202,907   $245,162 $222,495 December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Other taxes receivable$8,500 $8,564 Indemnification asset6,793 6,793 Other  606 1,260 $15,899 $16,617  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7.   Accrued Liabilities 

8.   Debt Obligations 

Revolving Credit Facility 

On January 30, 2014, the Company entered into an Amendment Agreement to the 
$25,000 Revolving Credit Facility, together with an amended Loan Agreement, with 
Icahn Enterprises Holdings L.P.  Drawings under the amended Revolving Credit Facility 
beared interest at daily three-month LIBOR plus 2.0%.  The amended Revolving Credit 
Facility also provided for an unused line fee of 0.375% per annum. 

On June 30, 2019, the Company entered into the Eleventh Amendment to the Loan 
and  Security  Agreement  with Icahn  Enterprises L.P.,  extending  the maturity  date  of 
the Revolving Credit Facility from January 30, 2020 to January 30, 2021 and amending 
the maximum revolver amount to $45,000.   

On October 9, 2020 the Revolving Credit Facility was repaid and closed. 

December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Compensation and employee benefits$11,980 $7,597 Taxes payable19,939 15,887 Accrued volume and sales rebates2,496 5,107 Restructuring reserve2,062 10,217 Other5,699 5,871 $42,176 $44,679 December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Short-term debt:        New senior credit facility$10,500-$                                            Bank term loan-                                2,750        Europe bank loans1,4341,875        Restructured term loan-                                7,215        Other200                               -                                                  Total short-term debt12,13411,840Long-term debt:          New senior credit facility, net $138,777-$                                            Bank term loan, net of discount-                                255,075        Europe bank loans-                                375        Other460415                Total long-term debt139,237255,865                      Total debt$151,371$267,705 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Term Loan Facility 

On January 30, 2014, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with UBS AG, 
Stamford  Branch  (“UBS”),  as  Administrative  Agent  and  Collateral  Agent,  and  the 
Lenders  parties  thereto,  providing  for  a  $275,000  senior  secured  covenant  lite  term 
loan facility (“Term Loan”).  The Term Loan bears interest at a LIBOR Rate plus 3.25% 
(with the LIBOR Rate carrying a 1.00% floor or at a Base Rate equal to the sum of (1) 
the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate, (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.50%, (c) 
one-month LIBOR plus 1.0%, or (d) 2.0%, plus (2) 2.25%).   

As of October 09, 2020, the Term Loan was paid in full. 

New Senior Credit Facility  

On October 09, 2020, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with  Bank of 
America, N.A. (“BofA”) as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and L/C Issuer, and 
the other Lender Parties thereto, providing for a $150,000 term loan (the “New Term 
Loan”) and a $30,000 revolving credit facility (the “New Revolving Credit Facility” and 
together with the New Term Loan, the “New Senior Credit Facility”). The proceeds of 
the New Senior Credit Facility and the Equity Private Placement were used to repay 
in full the Term Loan and ABL Loan.  

The interest rates per annum applicable to the New Senior Credit Facility (other than 
in  respect  of  Swingline  Loans)  will  be  LIBOR  (or,  if  LIBOR  is  not  available  for  an 
Alternative  Currency,  such  other  interest  rate  customarily  used  by  BofA  for  such 
Alternative Currency, but in any event, not less than 0.75%), plus the Applicable Rate 
(as defined below), or, for U.S. dollar denominated loans only, made to the Company 
at the option of the Company, the Base Rate (to be defined as the highest of: (a) the 
Federal Funds Rate plus one-half percent (0.50%); (b) the Bank of America prime rate; 
and (c) the one (1) month LIBOR (adjusted daily) plus one percent (1.00%), but in any 
case  not  less  than  1.75%)  plus  the  Applicable  Rate.  Applicable  Rate  means,  with 
respect to the New Term Loan and the New Revolving Credit Facility, (i) from October 
9, 2020 until delivery of the compliance certificate for the quarter ending December 
31, 2020, 3.00% per annum, in the case of LIBOR loans, and 2.00% per annum, in the 
case  of  Base  Rate  loans,  and  (ii)  thereafter,  a  percentage  per  annum  to  be 
determined  in  accordance  with  the  applicable  pricing  grid  set  forth  in  the  Credit 
Agreement based upon the Company’s Consolidated Coverage Ratio as reflected 
in a quarterly Compliance Certificate.  Each Swingline Loan shall bear interest at the 
Base  Rate  plus  the  Applicable  Rate  for  Base  Rate  loans  under  the  New  Revolving 
Credit Facility.  As of December 31, 2020, our current interest rate is 3.75%.  

The New Senior Credit Facility requires the Company to repay principal of the New 
Term Loan at the rate of 5% of the original principal balance during each of the first 
two years and 7.5% of the original principal balance during the third year. The maturity 
date on the New Senior Credit Facility is October 09, 2023.  

The Company may prepay the New Senior Credit Facility, in whole or in part, at any 
time without premium or penalty, subject to reimbursement of the Lenders’ breakage 
and redeployment costs in the case of prepayment of LIBOR borrowings and foreign 
currency  borrowings  bearing  interest  at  a  rate  other  than  LIBOR.  Each  such 
prepayment of the New Term Facility shall be applied as directed by the Company. 
The unutilized portion of the commitments under the New Senior Credit Facility may 
be irrevocably reduced or terminated by the Company at any time without penalty.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The New Senior Credit Facility is guaranteed by each existing and future direct and 
indirect wholly owned material domestic Restricted Subsidiary and foreign Restricted 
Subsidiary  of  the  Company  (other  than  any  Brazilian  subsidiary).    The  New  Senior 
Credit Facility is secured by substansially all assets of the Company and its material 
domestic Restricted Subsidiaries, with the exception of real property.    

The  New  Senior  Credit  Facility  contains  various  covenants  which  restrict  the 
Company’s  ability  to,  among  other  things,  incur  indebtedness,  create  liens  on  our 
assets, make investments, enter into merger, consolidation or acquisition transactions, 
dispose  of  assets  (other  than  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business),  make  certain 
restricted payments, enter into sale and leaseback transactions and transactions with 
affiliates, in each case subject to permitted exceptions. The New Senior Credit Facility 
also requires that we comply with certain financial covenants, including meeting a 
consolidated  leverage  ratio  and  consolidated  fixed  charge  coverage  ratio.    The 
Company  is  in  compliance  with  the  New  Senior  Credit  Facility  covenants  as  of 
December 31, 2020. 

Foreign Lines of Credit 

In its foreign operations, the Company has unsecured lines of credit with various banks 
providing approximately $5,500 of availability.  There were borrowings of $200 under 
the lines of credit at December 31, 2020 and no borrowings at December 31, 2019.   

Restructured Term Loan  

On  December  30,  2016,  the  Company  entered  into  a  Share  and  Asset  Purchase 
Agreement (“SAPA”) to purchase all of the shares in CT Casings Beteiligungs GmbH 
(“Walsroder”) and certain assets of Poly-clip Systems LLC.  As part of the consideration 
for  the  purchase,  a  former  Seller  shareholder  loan  was  restructured  and  remained 
outstanding  at  the  January  10,  2017  closing  in  the  original  amount  of  EUR  8,111  or 
$9,257.  The Restructured Term Loan was due for repayment as follows:  EUR 1,688 was 
paid on January 10, 2018; and the balance of EUR 6,423 was paid in full on January 
10, 2020.  The Restructured Term Loan bears no interest and was recorded for a book 
value of EUR 7,320 using an imputed interest rate of 4%.  

Europe Bank Loan 

On  July  18,  2018,  the  French  affiliate  of  the  Company  entered  into  a  Term  Loan 
Agreement with Credit Industriel Et Commercial (“CIC”), providing for a €2,000 term 
loan (“CIC Term Loan”).  The CIC Term Loan bears interest at 0.70% with a three year 
maturity.    The  CIC  Term  Loan  has  a  contractual  obligation  to  repay  8.33%  of  face 
value  of  the  loan  on  a  quarterly  basis.    The  maturity  date  on  the  Term  Loan  is 
November 15, 2021.  Prepayments on the CIC Term Loan are permitted with advance 
notice of 30 days.   

On December 2,  2018,  the French affiliate  of  the  Company  entered  into a second 
Term  Loan  Agreement  with  Credit  Industriel  Et  Commercial  (“CIC”),  providing  for  a 
€2,000 term loan (“CIC Term Loan”).  The CIC Term Loan bears interest at 0.75% with 
a two year maturity.  The CIC Term Loan has a contractual obligation to repay 12.50% 
of face value of the loan on a quarterly basis.  The maturity date on the Term Loan is 
April 5, 2021.  Prepayments on the CIC Term Loan are permitted with advance notice 
of 30 days.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt Maturity 

     The aggregate maturities of debt (1) for each of the next five years are: 

(1) The  aggregate  maturities  of  debt  represent  amounts  to  be  paid  at  maturity 

and not the current carrying value of the debt. 

9.  Leases 

We  have  operating  and  finance  (formerly  capital)  leases  primarily  for  real  estate, 
equipment  and  vehicles.    Our  lease  agreements  do  not  contain  any  material  residual 
value  guarantees  or  material  restrictive  covenants.    Right-of-  use  assets  and  related 
liabilities  are recorded  on  the  balance  sheet  for  leases with  an  initial term  in  excess  of 
twelve months. 

     Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are as follows: 

Upon adoption of the new lease standard as of January 1, 2019, the Company reclassed 
$1,358  of  lease  incentive  liability,  $1,286  of  deferred  rent  liability  and  $1,024  of  lease 
restructuring liability to ROU assets. 

The following is an analysis of leased property under financing (formerly capital) leases 
by major classes as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.  

20212022202320242025ThereafterTerm Loan Facility $    10,500  $      8,438  $ 132,187     $             -       $             -    $                  -   Europe Bank Loan         1,434                 -                   -                   -                   -                        -   Other             200                 -                   -                   -                   -   987  $    12,134  $      8,438  $ 132,187  $             -    $             -    $              987 December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Operating Leases:   Right-of-use assets $                      31,700  $                       34,062    Lease liabilities                           35,264                            38,424 Financing Leases:   Right-of-use assets (property, plant and equipment, net)                                  88                                 572    Lease liabilities                                  90                                 574 December 31,December 31,20202019Building and improvements$453$453Machinery and equipment3,5993,599Less: Accumulated depreciation(3,964)(3,480)$88$572 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additional information with respect to our operating and finance leases as of December 
31, 2020 is presented below. 

Lease expense consists of the following: 

Cash flow information related to leases is as follows: 

Maturities  of  operating  and  financing  lease  liabilities  as  of  December  31,  2020  are  as 
follows: 

OperatingFinanceWeighted average remaining lease term (years)11.251.92Weighted average discount rate7.40%8.44%December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Operating lease rent expense5,804$                         5,979$                          Financing Leases:   Amortization of right-of-use assets484                              454                                  Interest expense on lease liabilities26                                 46                                  510$                            500$                             December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Cash Paid For Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities:   Cash used in operating activities (operating leases)5,507$                          5,631$                             Cash used in operating activities (financing leases)553                               519                                  Cash used in financing activities (financing leases)-                                     -                                     Supplemental Cash Flow Information:   Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (operating leases)43$                               2,471$                             Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (financing leases)-                                     -                                        Re-measurement of lease liabilities-                                     -                                     YearOperating LeasesFinancing Leases20215,514$                            45$                                   20225,291                               47                                      20234,983                               12                                      20244,738                               -                                         20254,633                               -                                         Thereafter27,744                            -                                            Total lease payments52,903                            104                                      Less: discounted interest(17,639)                           (14)                                    35,264$                          90$                                    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.  Retirement Plans 

The Company has contributed $793 to pension benefits in the U.S. during the year ended 
December 31, 2020. 

The Company and its subsidiaries have defined contribution and defined benefit plans 
varying by country and subsidiary. 

The Company’s operations in the United States, France, and Germany historically offered 
defined benefit retirement plans (“Plan”) to their employees.  Most of these benefits have 
been terminated, resulting in various reductions in liabilities and curtailment gains. 

Included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax is $45,965 as of December 
31, 2020.  The the following amounts not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost: 

Amounts  included  in  other  comprehensive  loss  expected  to  be  recognized  as  a 
component of net periodic benefit cost for the year ending December 31, 2021 are: 

The measurement date for all defined benefit plans is December 31.  The year-end status 
of the plans is as follows: 

U.S. Pension Benefits Non U.S. Pension BenefitsNet actuarial loss                                      Prior service credit                                             ($42,422)                                       (3,387)2                                           (158)U.S. Pension Benefits Non U.S. Pension BenefitsNet actuarial loss                                      ($1,240)($109)U.S. Pension Benefits Non U.S. Pension Benefits2020201920202019 Change in benefit obligation:Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year$128,845$121,483$25,401$24,780Service cost-              -              434411Interest cost4,2175,181336436Actuarial loss (gain) 9,8618,6611,4932,220Benefits paid(6,719)(6,480)(578)(611)Liability (Gain)/Loss due to Curtailment-              -              -              (1,367)        Currency translation-              -              2,967(468)Estimated benefit obligation at end of year$136,204$128,845$30,053$25,401 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  funded  status  of  these  pension  plans  as  a  percentage  of  the  projected  benefit 
obligation was 57% in 2020 compared to 58% in 2019.  

In  connection  with  our  adoption  of  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2017-07,  Improving  the 
Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, 
the components of net periodic benefit cost other than the service cost component are 
included in the line item other expense in the income statement. 

Components of net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31: 

Change in plan assets:Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$88,335$75,852$1,335$1,322Actual return on plan assets9,69815,0783337Employer contribution7933,885471             611             Benefits paid(6,719)(6,480)(471)            (611)            Currency translation-              -              130             (24)Fair value of plan assets at end of year$92,107$88,335$1,498$1,335Unfunded status of the plan($44,097)($40,510)($28,555)($24,066)U.S. Pension Benefits Non U.S. Pension Benefits2020201920202019Amounts recognized in statement of financial position:Current liabilities($74)($74)($622)($503)Noncurrent liabilities(44,023)(40,436)(27,312)(23,563)Net amount recognized($44,097)($40,510)($27,934)($24,066)Information for defined benefit plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:U.S. Pension Benefits Non U.S. Pension Benefits2020201920202019Projected benefit obligation$136,204 $128,845 $30,053 $25,401 Fair value of plan assets$92,107$88,335$1,498$1,335Information for defined benefit plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:U.S. Pension Benefits Non U.S. Pension Benefits2020201920202019Accumulated benefit obligation$136,204 $128,845 $30,053 $25,401 Fair value of plan assets$92,107$88,335$1,498$1,335 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted  average  assumptions  used  to  determine  the  benefit  obligation  and  net 
periodic benefit cost as of December 31: 

The  Company  evaluates  its  discount  rate  assumption  annually  as  of  December  31  for 
each of its retirement-related benefit plans.  The Company is using a Mercer bond model 
for  determining  its  U.S.  pension  benefits.    The  Company  is  using  a  weighted  average 
discount rate of 1.68% on its non-U.S. pension plans for 2020.  

The  Company’s  expected  return  on  plan  assets  is  evaluated  annually  based  upon  a 
study which includes a review of anticipated future long-term performance of individual 
asset classes, and consideration of the appropriate asset allocation strategy to provide 
for the timing and amount of benefits included in the projected benefit obligation.  While 
the  study  gives  appropriate  consideration  to  recent  fund  performance  and  historical 
returns, the assumption is primarily a long-term prospective rate.  

The  Company’s  overall  investment  strategy  is  to  achieve  growth  through  a  mix  of 
approximately  75%  of  investments  for  long-term  growth  and  25%  for  near-term  benefit 
payments with a wide diversification of asset types, fund strategies, and fund managers.  
The target allocations for plan assets are 65% equity securities, 5% hedge funds and 25% 
to fixed income investments. Equity securities primarily include investments in large-cap, 
mid-cap  and  small-cap  companies  primarily  located  in  the  United  States  and 
international  developed  markets.  Fixed  income  securities  include  corporate  bonds  of 
companies  from  diversified  industries,  mortgage-backed  securities,  and  U.S.  Treasuries. 
Other  types  of  investments  include  investments  in  hedge  funds  that  follow  several 
different strategies. 

Plan management uses the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate 
fair value of investments.  

Money market – overnight bank deposits and money market mutual funds maintaining 
at all times $1.00 Net Asset Value (“NAV”). 

Non U.S. Pension Benefits202020192018202020192018Component of net period benefit costService cost-$          -$          -$          $400$406$503Interest cost4,2175,1815,328310431470Expected return on plan assets(5,179)(4,310)(5,128)(34)(39)(40)Amortization of prior service cost-        -        -       101213         Amortization of actuarial loss1,025   1,284    1,034   48         48         120      Settlement loss recognized-        -        7,381   -       -       -       $632,155$ 8,615$ $734$858$1,066U.S. Pension BenefitsU.S. Pension Benefits Non U.S. Pension Benefits2020201920202019Discount rate2.60%3.38%1.68%1.70%Expected return on plan assets5.85%5.85%2.60%3.20%Rate of compensation increaseN/AN/A2.56%2.58% 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
US  Government  and  agency  obligations  –  U.S.  Treasury  bonds,  notes  and  other 
government obligations. 

Exchange traded funds – marketable securities tracking asset baskets traded on active 
markets.  

Mutual funds - Valued at the net asset value (“NAV”) of shares or units held by the Plan 
at year-end which is obtained from an active market or at share or unit prices provided 
by the fund manager with significant observable inputs.  

Hedge funds - Value provided by the administrator of the fund. The pricing for these funds 
is provided monthly by the fund to determine the quoted price. 

Common stocks - marketable corporate equity securities traded on active markets. 
The  fair values  of  the Company’s pension  plan  asset allocation at December  31,  2020 
and 2019, by asset category are as follows: 

Fair Value Measurement atDecember 31, 2020Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant Observable InputsSignificant Unobservable InputsTotal(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)Money market$6,754$6,754-$               -$                  US Government and agency obligations8,787               3,340          5,447             -                    Exchange traded funds20,080            20,080        -                  -                    Mutual funds34,575            34,575        -                  -                    Common stocks23,343            23,318        -                  25                      Total Assets in the fair value hierarchy93,539            $88,067$5,447$25Investments measured at NAV (a)66                    Investments at fair value$93,605 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
The  following  table  provides  a  summary  of  the  estimated  benefit  payments  for  the 
postretirement  plans  for  the  next  five  fiscal years  individually  and  for  the  following  five 
fiscal years in the aggregate.   

Fair Value Measurement atDecember 31, 2019Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant Observable InputsSignificant Unobservable InputsTotal(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)Money market$3,342$3,342-$               -$                  US Government and agency obligations2,747               1,008          1,739             -                    Exchange traded funds18,348            18,348        -                  -                    Mutual funds28,216            26,355        1,861             -                    Common stocks26,619            26,619        -                  -                    Total Assets in the fair value hierarchy79,272            $75,672$3,600$0Investments measured at NAV (a)10,398            Investments at fair value$89,670(a) Hedge funds are measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient, and therefore have not       been classified in the fair value hierarchy.Common StocksPending FairValue SubmissionEventDrivenHedgeFundsGlobalOpportunitiesHedge FundsMulti-StrategyHedgeFundsPrivateEquityFundsRealEstateTotalBeginning balance at December 31, 2019-$                             -$          -$                      -$          -$          -$          -$           Actual return on plan assets:   Relating to assets still   held at reporting date-                               -            -                        -            -            -            -               Relating to assets sold   during the period-                               -            -                        -            -            -            -               Purchases, sales, and   settlements25                                -            -                        -            -            -            25                 Transfers in and/or out of   Level 3-                               -            -                        -            -            -            -            Ending balance atDecember 31, 202025$                              -$          -$                      -$          -$          -$          25$            Fair Value Measurements Using SignificantUnobservable Inputs (Level 3) 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
The  Company’s  expected  contribution  for  the  2020  fiscal  year  is  $13,157  for  the  U.S. 
pension plan. There is no funding requirement for non U.S. pension plans. 

Savings Plans 

The  Company  also  has  defined  contribution  savings  and  similar  plans  for  eligible 
employees, which vary by subsidiary. The Company’s aggregate contributions to these 
plans  are  based  on  eligible  employee  contributions  and  certain  other  factors.  The 
Company expense for these plans was $1,120, $1,012 and $1,050 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, 
respectively. 

International Plans 

The  Company  maintains  various  pension  and  statutory  separation  pay  plans  for  its 
European employees.  The expense, not including the French and German pension plan, 
in  2020,  2019, and  2018  was $157,  $285  and $382,  respectively.  As of  their  most recent 
valuation  dates,  for  those  plans  where  vested  benefits  exceeded  plan  assets,  the 
actuarially  computed  value  of  vested  benefits  exceeded  those  plans’  assets  by 
approximately $4,955. 

13.  Capital Stock, Treasury Stock and Paid in Capital 

Authorized  shares  of  preferred  stock  ($0.01  par  value  per  share)  and  common  stock 
($0.01  par  value  per  share)  for  the  Company  are  50,000,000  shares  and  150,000,000 
shares, respectively.  

On October 9, 2020, the Company completed a private placement of 50,000,000 shares 
of common stock at $2.00 per share. The Company used the net proceeds of the private 
placement to completed a refinancing of its short term debt. 

As  a  result  of  the  private  placement  to  complete  an  extinguishment  of  the  Revolving 
Credit Facility and Term Loan Facility due to mature in January 2021, Icahn Enterprises 
L.P. currently owns approximately 89.0% of our outstanding common stock. 

In  2004,  the  Company  purchased  805,270  shares  of  its  common  stock  from  the 
underwriter for a purchase price of $298. The common stock has been accounted for as 
treasury stock. 

14.  Income Taxes 

Income tax provision (benefit) consisted of: 

U.S.Non U.S 2021$7,630$6762022 7,7057022023 7,8597822024 7,99110172025 7,9751021Thereafter 39,1005,938 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The reconciliation of income tax provision (benefit) attributable to earnings differed from 
the  amounts  computed  by  applying  the  U.S.  Federal  statutory  income  tax  rate  to 
earnings by the following amounts: 

202020192018CurrentDomestic$87 $83 $139 Foreign                 3,968                  3,847                  3,033           Total current                 4,055                  3,930                  3,172 Deferred         Domestic                 2,458                   (303)                  (394)Foreign                  (295)                 4,122                (6,847)Total deferred                 2,163                  3,819                (7,241)         Total$6,218 $7,749 ($4,069)Income (loss) before income taxes: 202020192018Domestic$6,922 ($895)($1,340)Foreign                 3,860             (16,473)            (17,199)               Total$10,782 ($17,368)($18,539)Computed income tax (benefit) provision $2,264($3,647)($3,893)State and local taxes, net of federal tax763                   (225)                 (26)                    Foreign taxes, net(652)                 (2,281)              (2,650)              Valuation allowance2,300                9,344                (97)                    Uncertain tax positions - (benefit) expense (44)                    867                   (108)                 Foreign exchange impact15                     264                   953                   Permanent differences, net1,046                2,047                1,459                Tax reform items-                    -                    (527)                 Revaluation of deferreds206                   867                   302                   Other, net320                   513                   518                   Total income tax (benefit) expense $6,218 $7,749 ($4,069)Computed income tax (benefit) provision 21.0%21.0%21.0%State and local taxes, net of federal tax7.1%1.3%0.1%Foreign taxes, net-6.0%13.1%14.3%Valuation allowance21.3%-53.8%0.5%Uncertain tax positions - expense (benefit) -0.4%-5.0%0.6%Foreign exchange impact0.1%-1.5%-5.1%Permanent differences, net9.7%-11.8%-7.9%Tax reform items0.0%0.0%2.8%Revaluation of deferreds1.9%-5.0%-1.6%Other, net3.0%-3.0%-2.8%Effective income tax rate57.7%-44.6%21.9%Statutory federal rate21.0%21.0%21.0% 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Temporary differences and net operating loss carryforwards that give rise to a significant 
portion of deferred tax assets and liabilities for 2020 and 2019 are as follows:    

 The net deferred tax asset (liability) is classified in the balance sheet as follows: 

A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all 
of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Management believes that is more 
likely  than  not  that  its  net  deferred  tax  assets  will  be  realized  based  on  the  weight  of 
positive evidence and future income except with respect to the loss in Poland, Brazil and 
a portion of the state loss in the US.  The Company has a valuation allowance for Brazil 
December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019  of  $9,673  and  $9,506,  respectively.    The 
Company  has  a  valuation  allowance  for  Viskase  Poland  at  December  31,  2020  and 
December  31,  2019  of  $1,003  and  $376,  respectively.    The  Company  has  a  valuation 
allowance in the U.S. at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 of $557 and $471, 
respectively.    The  Company  has  gross  U.S.  federal  net  operating  loss  carryforwards  at 
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 of $54,824 and $58,485, respectively, with 
amounts  beginning  to  expire  in  2024.    The  Company  has  gross  net  operating  loss 
carryforwards  in  Brazil  at  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019  of  $15,709  and 
$11,498, respectively and has an unlimited carryforward period.  The Company has gross 
net operating loss carryforwards in Poland at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 
of $1,903 and $4,268, respectively and has a five year carryforward period.  The Company 
has  gross  net  operating  loss  carryforwards  in  France  at  December  31,  2020  and 
December  31,  2019  of  $9,509  and  $11,927,  respectively  and  has  an  unlimited 
carryforward period. The Company has gross net operating loss carryforwards in Viskase 

20202019Deferred tax asset    Provisions not currently deductible$8,944$8,004    Inventory basis differences3,3624,939    Stock options41                    41    Pension and healthcare 14,00012,410    Net operating loss carryforwards26,42626,528    Lease liability8,7179,465                  Foreign exchange and other-                   300                      Valuation allowance(11,233)          (10,354)          Total deferred tax asset$50,257$51,333Deferred tax liability    Property, plant, and equipment($8,999)($8,831)    Intangible asset(6,656)(6,829)    Right of use assets(8,659)(9,465)    Foreign exchange and other(436)                -                   Total deferred tax liability($24,750)($25,125)$25,507$26,20820202019Non-current deferred tax assets$29,383$30,199Non-current deferred tax liability(3,876)             (3,991)             Non-current deferred tax assets, net$25,507$26,208 
   
 
 
 
 
  
Germany at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 of $2,606 and $2,372 for Income 
Tax and Trade Tax.  The Company has gross net operating loss carryforwards in CT Casings 
at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 of $13,393 and $14,836 for Income Tax 
and Trade Tax.  Germany has an unlimited carryforward period on Trade Tax. 

Following the Equity Private Placement, IELP became the beneficial owner of more than 
80% of the shares of our common stock and the Company became a member of the 
consolidated group of a corporate subsidiary of Icahn Enterprises for U.S. federal income 
tax purposes  (the  “IEP  Corporate  Subsidiary”). As  a  result,  the IEP Corporate Subsidiary 
and the Company entered into a tax allocation agreement for the allocation of certain 
income tax items. The Company and its subsidiaries consented to join the IEP Corporate 
Subsidiary’s federal consolidated return and, if elected by the IEP Corporate Subsidiary, 
certain state consolidated returns.  

Uncertainty in Income Taxes 

The uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2020 totaled $17,317. The following table 
summarizes the activity related to the unrecognized tax benefits. 

In 2020, the Company recognized an approximate net decrease of $126 to the reserves 
for uncertain tax positions.  

Approximately  $17,317  of  the  total  gross  unrecognized  tax  benefits  represents  the 
amount that, if recognized, would affect the effective income tax rate in future periods.  
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income 
tax of multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company has substantially concluded 
all U.S. federal income tax matters for years through 2016.  Substantially all material state 
and local and foreign income tax matters have been concluded for years through 2013.  
Based on the expiration of the statute of limitations for certain jurisdictions, it is reasonably 
possible that the unrecognized tax benefits will decrease in the next twelve months by 
approximately $45.   

The Company's continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to 
income tax matters in income tax expense. During the years ended December 31, 2020 
and 2019, the Company recorded adjustments for interest of $140 and $965, respectively, 
and  for  penalties  of  $(17)  and  $(1),  respectively  related  to  these  unrecognized  tax 
benefits.  In  total,  as  of  December  31,  2020  and  2019,  the  Company  has  recorded  a 
liability of interest of $1,775 and $1,635, respectively, and $156 and $173, respectively, for 
potential penalties. 

15.  Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net 

(in thousands)20202019Unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1$17,443 $11,677Increases in positions taken in a prior period 23                 -              Decreases in positions taken in a prior period (18)(12)Increases in positions taken in a current period -               5,803          Increases due to currency translation195             55                Decreases due to currency translation-              -              Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations(326)             (80)               Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31$17,317$17,443 
 
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company currently has $3,620 of goodwill with no impairment. 

Goodwill consists of the following: 

Intangible assets, net consists of the following: 

Amortization expense associated with definite-lived intangible assets was $1,657, $1,619 
and  $1,664  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020,  2019  and  2018,  respectively.  We 
utilize the straight-line method of amortization, recognized over the estimated useful lives 
of the assets. 

The  estimated  future  amortization  expense  for  our  definite-lived  intangible  assets  is  as 
follows: 

December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Beginning balance$3,376 $3,428    Translation244 (52)Gross carrying amount, December 31st $3,620 $3,376  Gross Carrying ValueAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying ValueDefinite live intangible assets:        Customer relationships$21,523 ($4,354)$17,169      Technologies2,571 (809)1,762      Patents/Trademarks10,100 (6,404)3,696      In-place leases224 (64)160  $34,418  ($11,631)$22,787 December 31, 2020Gross Carrying ValueAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying ValueDefinite live intangible assets:        Customer relationships$19,704 ($2,955)$16,749      Technologies2,357 (494)1,863      Patents/Trademarks9,626 (5,927)3,699      In-place leases204 (44)160  $31,891  ($9,420)$22,471 December 31, 2019 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. Contingencies 

The Company from time to time is involved in various other legal proceedings, none of 
which are expected to have a material adverse effect upon results of operations, cash 
flows or financial condition. 

17.  Stock-based compensation (Dollars in Thousands, except Per Share Amount) 

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on fair value of 
the award and is recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite 
service period, which is the vesting period.  Included in net income is non-cash 
compensation expense of $0 for the years ended Decemeber 31, 2020 and 2019.   

The fair values of the options granted during 2013 were estimated on the date of grant 
using the binomial option pricing model. The assumptions used and the estimated fair 
values are as follows: 

In December 2016, the Company granted non-qualified stock options to its former Chief 
Executive  Officer  for  the  purchase  of  600,000  shares  of  its  common  stock  under  an 
employment agreement. Options were granted at the fair market value at date of grant 
and will vest one third each on December 31, 2017, December 31, 2018 and December 
31, 2019. As a result of the termination of the Chief Executive Officer on October 3, 2019, 
the  stock  options  granted  expired  at  the  commencement  of  business  on  that  date 
pursuant to the terms of the stock option plan.  Stock option expense recognized in 2019 
for this grant was reversed in October 2019. 

In April 2013, the Company granted non-qualified stock options to its current Chief 
Administrative Officer for the purchase of 325,000 shares of its common stock under an 
employment agreement. Options were granted at the fair market value at date of 
grant and are fully vested.  The options for the Chief Administrative Officer expire on 
April 16, 2023. 

2021$1,650 20221,650 20231,650 20241,650 20251,650 Total thereafter14,537 Total amortization$22,787 2013Expected term10 yearsExpected stock volatility17.33%Risk-free interest rate1.75%Expected forfeiture rate0.00%Fair value per option$0.51 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company's outstanding options were: 

Vested and exercisable options as of December 31, 2020 were 325,000 with a weighted 
average share price of $8.00. 

18.  Research and Development Costs 

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and totaled $4,411 , $4,882 
and $5,808 for 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. 

19. Related-Party Transactions 

As  of  December  31,  2020,  and  December  31,  2019,  Icahn  Enterprises  L.P.  owned 
approximately 89.0% and 78.6% of our outstanding common stock, respectively.   

Insight Portfolio Group LLC (“Insight Portfolio Group”) is an entity formed and controlled 
by Mr. Icahn in order to maximize the potential buying power of a group of entities with 
which Mr. Icahn has a relationship in negotiating with a wide range of suppliers of goods, 
services and tangible and intangible property at negotiated rates.  

On January 1, 2013, Viskase acquired a minority equity interest in Insight Portfolio Group 
and agreed to pay a portion of Insight Portfolio Group’s operating expenses, which was 
approximately $189 for the year ended 2019 and none for 2020. 

In  December  2019,  Insight  advised  us  that  it  was  shutting  down  its  services  effective 
January  1,  2020.    Supplier  contracts  coordinated  through  Insight  will  remain  in  effect 
through their individual terms.  Effective February 10, 2020, the Company withdrew as a 

Weighted AverageWeighted AverageShares Under Weighted AverageRemainingGrant-DateOptionExercise PriceContractual LifeFair ValueOutstanding, December 31, 2018925,0004.45$                       81 months0.91$                       Vested and exercisable at Dec. 31, 2018725,000            4.98$                       77 months0.85$                       Granted-                   -$                         -                           -                          Exercised-                   -$                         -                          -                          Forfeited600,000            -$                         -                          -                          Outstanding, December 31, 2019325,0008.00$                       41 months0.51$                       Vested and exercisable at Dec. 31, 2019325,000            8.00$                       41 months0.51$                       Granted-                   -$                         -                           -                          Exercised-                   -$                         -                          -                          Forfeited-                   -$                         -                          -                          Outstanding, December 31, 2020325,0008.00$                       29 months0.51$                       Vested and exercisable at Dec. 31, 2020325,000            8.00$                       29 months0.51$                        
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
member of Insight and assigned its interests in Insight to another Delaware limited liability 
company. 

Icahn Enterprises L.P. was the lender on the Company’s ABL Loan until October 9, 2020. 
The Company paid Icahn Enterprises L.P. service, commitment fees and interest of $283 
through the period ended October 9, 2020 and $154 for the year ended December 31, 
2019.   

Equity Private Placement of Common Stock & Change in Number of Authorized Shares 

Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, the Company entered into discussions with a number 
of banks, including BofA, regarding the terms of a new senior credit facility which would 
replace  both  the  Term  Loan  and  the  ABL  Loan.    Under  the  new  senior  credit  facility 
proposed by BofA, the Company was required to raise at least $100,000 in equity capital, 
the proceeds of which were to be used, together with borrowings under the new senior 
credit facility, to repay the Term Loan and the ABL Loan. The Company met this condition 
through  the  issuance  of  50,000,000  shares  of  common  stock  to  an  affiliate  of  IELP  in  a 
private placement transaction at a purchase price of $2.00 per share (the “Equity Private 
Placement”).    In  order  to  complete  the  offering  of  the  Equity  Private  Placement,  the 
Company amended its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase 
the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock by 50,000,000 shares. 

Prior  to  the  completion  of  the  Equity  Private  Placement,  IELP  beneficially  owned 
approximately  78.6%  of  the  Company’s  outstanding  common  stock.  As  a  result  of  the 
Equity  Private  Placement,  IELP  is  the  beneficial  owner  of  approximately  89.0%  of  the 
Company’s outstanding common stock. The Equity Private Placement was approved by 
a Special Committee of disinterested directors of the Company.   

Pension Liabilities 

Applicable pension and tax laws make each member of a "controlled group" of entities, 
generally defined as entities in which there is at least an 80% common ownership interest, 
jointly  and  severally  liable  for  certain  pension  plan  obligations  of  any  member  of  the 
controlled  group.  These  pension  obligations  include  ongoing  contributions  to  fund  the 
plan, as well as liability for any unfunded liabilities that may exist at the time the plan is 
terminated. In addition, the failure to pay these pension obligations when due may result 
in  the  creation  of  liens  in  favor  of  the  pension  plan  or  the  Pension  Benefit  Guaranty 
Corporation ("PBGC") against the assets of each member of the controlled group. 

As a result of the Equity Private Placement, IELP became the beneficial owner of more 
than 80% of the shares of our common stock and the Company became subject to the 
pension liabilities of all entities in which Mr. Icahn has a direct or indirect ownership interest 
of  at  least 80%.    One  such  entity,  ACF  Industries  LLC  ("ACF"),  is  the  sponsor  of  several 
pension plans. All the minimum funding requirements of the Internal Revenue Code, as 
amended, and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, for 
the  ACF  plans  have  been  met  as  of  December 31, 2020.  If  the  plans  were  voluntarily 
terminated, 
they  would  be  underfunded  by  approximately  $122,000  as  of 
December 31, 2020. These results are based on the most recent information provided by 
the plans’ actuary. These liabilities could increase or decrease, depending on a number 
of factors, including future changes in benefits, investment returns, and the assumptions 
used to calculate the liability. As members of the controlled group, we would be liable 
for  any  failure  of  ACF  to  make  ongoing  pension  contributions  or  to  pay  the  unfunded 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
liabilities upon a termination of the ACF pension plans. In addition, other entities now or 
in the future within the controlled group in which we are included may have pension plan 
obligations that are, or may become, underfunded and we would be liable for any failure  
of such entities to make ongoing pension contributions or to pay the unfunded liabilities 
upon termination of such plans. 

The  current  underfunded  status  of  the  ACF  pension  plans  requires  them  to  notify  the 
PBGC of certain “reportable events,” such as if we cease to be a member of the ACF 
controlled  group,  or  if  we  make  certain  extraordinary  dividends  or  stock  redemptions. 
The obligation to report could cause us to seek to delay or reconsider the occurrence of 
such reportable events. 

In  connection  with  the  Equity  Private  Placement,  the  Company  entered  into  an 
agreement  with  Icahn  Enterprises  Holdings  L.P.  pursuant  to  which  Icahn  Enterprises 
Holdings  L.P.  has agreed  to  indemnify  us and  our  subsidiaries  from  losses resulting from 
any imposition of certain pension funding or termination liabilities that may be imposed 
on  us  and  our  subsidiaries  or  our  assets  as  a  result  of  being  a  member  of  the  Icahn 
controlled group. 

Based on the contingent nature of potential exposure related to these affiliate pension 
obligations and the indemnification from Icahn Enterprises Holdings L.P., no liability has 
been recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. 

Tax Allocation 

Following the Equity Private Placement, IELP became the beneficial owner of more than 
80% of the shares of our common stock and the Company became a member of the 
consolidated group IEP Corporate Subsidiary for U.S. federal income tax purposes.  As a 
result,  the  IEP  Corporate  Subsidiary  and  the  Company  entered  into  a  tax  allocation 
agreement  for  the  allocation  of  certain  income  tax  items.  The  Company  and  its 
subsidiaries consented to join the IEP Corporate Subsidiary’s federal consolidated return 
and,  if  elected  by  the  IEP  Corporate  Subsidiary,  certain  state  consolidated  returns.  In 
those  jurisdictions  where  the  Company and  its  subsidiaries  will  file  consolidated  returns 
with the IEP Corporate Subsidiary, the Company will pay to the IEP Corporate Subsidiary 
any  tax  it  would  have  owed  had  it  and  its  subsidiaries  continued  to  file  as  a  separate 
consolidated group. To the extent that the IEP Corporate Subsidiary consolidated group 
is able to reduce its tax liability as a result of including the Company and its subsidiaries 
in its consolidated group, the IEP Corporate Subsidiary will pay the Company 20% of such 
reduction on a current basis and the Company will be treated as if it would carry forward 
for its own use under the tax allocation agreement, 80% of the items that caused the tax 
reduction  (the  “Excess  Tax  Benefits”).  Moreover,  if  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries 
should  ever  become  deconsolidated  from  the  IEP  Corporate  Subsidiary,  the  IEP 
Corporate Subsidiary will reimburse the Company for any tax liability in post-consolidation 
years that the Company and its subsidiaries would have avoided had they actually had 
the Excess Tax Benefits for their own consolidated group use. The cumulative payments 
to the Company by the IEP Corporate Subsidiary post-consolidation will not exceed the 
cumulative reductions in tax to the IEP Corporate Subsidiary group resulting from the use 
of the Excess Tax Benefits by the IEP Corporate Subsidiary group. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20.   Business Segment Information and Geographic Area Information 

The Company primarily manufactures and sells cellulosic food casings as its sole business 
segment.  The  Company’s  operations  are  viewed  in  geographic  regions  of  North 
America, South America, Europe and Asia. Intercompany sales and charges (including 
royalties) have been reflected as appropriate in the following information. Certain items 
are  maintained  at  the  Company’s  corporate  headquarters  and  are  not  allocated 
geographically. They include most of the Company’s debt and related interest expense 
and income tax benefits. 

Reporting Segment Information: 

Identifiable assets20202019North America$205,185$211,723South America56,17658,422Europe197,525194,732Asia44,23748,010$503,123$512,887202020192018Net salesNorth America$207,321$191,548$193,135South America47,83239,78046,541Europe170,777168,086175,594Asia45,00047,53543,571Other and eliminations(62,043)(62,077)(63,512)$408,887$384,872$395,329Operating income North America$11,909$9,972$17,491South America5,345(2,618)(813)Europe4,481(7,232)(12,079)Asia7,0637,6087,865$28,798$7,730$12,464Net Sales by countryUnited States$123,365$118,749$115,575Brazil24,92821,28027,928Italy24,07423,89424,052Germany26,48028,00028,229France12,80611,47612,569Philippines18,99422,19121,549Poland8,98212,08611,450Other international169,258147,196153,977$408,887$384,872$395,329 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21. Interest Expense, Net 

       Net interest expense consisted of: 

22. Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss 

23. Restructuring Charges   

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  recognized  a  change  in 
estimate  for  our  restructuring  expense  in  our  European  segment  of  $398,  which  we 
believe is our final approved restructuring plans.  The costs relate to a restructuring of its 
French  and  German  subsidiary  operations  to  safeguard  the  Company’s  competitive 
environment in the European market.  The plan will involve the involuntary termination of 
approximately 150 employees, the closure of our European sales office and relocation of 
part  of  our  finishing  operation.      The  Company  has  also  opened  a  European  shared 
service center with the consolidation of corporate jobs in this market.     

The following table provides details of our restructuring provisions. 

December 31, 2020December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Interest expense$11,974$16,498$15,821Less Capitalized interest(578)                                  -                                    -                                    Interest expense, net$11,396$16,498$15,821  Accrued Employee BenefitsTranslation AdjustmentsTotalBalance at December 31, 2019($41,313)($36,122)($77,435)Other comprehensive (loss) income before    reclassifications                 (5,725)3,436 (2,289)Reclassifications from accumulated other      comprehensive loss to earnings1,073-                      1,073Balance at December 31, 2020($45,965)($32,686)($78,651)Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Affected Line Items in the Consolidation Statement of Operations and Comprehensive LossAccrued Employee Benefits     Amortization of net actuarial loss 1,073Other Income/Expense$1,073 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24. Variable Interest Entity 

The Company holds a variable interest in a joint venture for which the Company is the 
primary beneficiary. The joint venture, VE Netting, LLC, is a manufacturing, marketing and 
selling company of high quality netting solutions for the meat and poultry industry.   VE 
Netting, LLC is a Delaware limited liability company with its principal place of business in 
Lombard, IL.  The netting product will be manufactured under agreement by Viskase’s 
affiliate located in Monterrey, Mexico.  

As the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity (VIE), the VIEs’ assets, liabilities, 
and  results  of  operations  are  included  in  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial 
statements as of, and for the period ended, December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. 
The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in “Net loss attributable to noncontrolling 
interests” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and “Noncontrolling interests” in 
the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  

The  following  table  summarizes  the  carrying  amount  of  the  VIEs’  assets  and  liabilities 
included  in  the  Company’s  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  at  December  31,  2020  and 
December 31, 2019: 

December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Beginning balance$10,217 $9,515    Provision                                    398                                  9,224    Payments                               (8,694)                               (7,778)   ASC 842 adoption                                        -                                     (310)   Translation                                    141                                   (434)Ending balance$2,062 $10,217  
 
 
 
 
All assets in the above table can only be used to settle obligations of the consolidated 
VIE.  Liabilities  are  nonrecourse  obligations.  Amounts  presented  in  the  table  above  are 
adjusted for intercompany eliminations. 

The following table summarizes the Statement of Operations of the VIE included in the 
Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations for the period ended December 31, 
2020 and December 31, 2019. 

December 31, 2020December 31, 2019ASSETS  Current assets:   Cash and cash equivalents$121$14   Receivables, net36139   Inventories366211   Other current assets39148Property, plant and equipment1,2371,237Less: Accumulated depreciation(383)(260)   Property, plant and equipment,net854977Deferred tax asset0115Other assets2826Total Assets$1,444$1,630LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYCurrent liabilities55634Total Liabilites55634Paid in capital2,9312,181Retained earnings(1,542)(1,185)Total Stockholder Equity1,389996Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity$1,444$1,630December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Net sales$627$218Cost of sales572315Gross margin55(97)Selling, general and administrative230142Operating loss(175)(239)Other expense 6742                               Loss before income taxes(242)(281) Income tax expense115                                 -                             Net loss($357)($281) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. Subsequent Events 

Viskase  evaluated  its  December  31,  2020  consolidated  financial  statements  for 
subsequent  events  through  March  26,  2021,  the  date  the  consolidated  financial 
statements were available to be issued.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MANAGEMENT’S  DISCUSSION  AND  ANALYSIS  OF 
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited) 

FINANCIAL  CONDITION 

Company Overview  

The Company operates in the casing product segment of the food industry.  Viskase is a 
worldwide leader in the production and sale of cellulosic, fibrous and plastic casings for 
the processed meat and poultry industry.  Viskase currently operates ten manufacturing 
facilities throughout North America, Europe, South America and Asia.  Viskase provides 
value-added support services relating to these products for some of the world's largest 
global  consumer  products  companies.    Viskase  is  one  of  the  two  largest  worldwide 
producers  of  non-edible  cellulosic  casings  for  processed  meats  and  one  of  the  three 
largest manufacturers of non-edible fibrous casings. 

Our  net  sales  are  driven  by  consumer  demand  for  meat  products  and  the  level  of 
demand  for  casings by  processed  meat  manufacturers,  as  well  as  the  average selling 
prices of our casings. Specifically, demand for our casings is dependent on population 
growth,  overall  consumption  of  processed  meats  and  the  types  of  meat  products 
purchased by consumers. Average selling prices are dependent on overall supply and 
demand for casings and our product mix. 

Our  cellulose,  fibrous  and  plastic  casing  extrusion  operations  are  capital-intensive  and 
are  characterized  by  high  fixed  costs.  Our  finishing  operations  are  labor  intensive.  The 
industry’s  operating  results  have  historically  been  sensitive  to  the  global  balance  of 
capacity and demand. The industry’s extrusion facilities produce casings under a timed 
chemical process and operate continuously. 

Our contribution margin varies with changes in selling price, input material costs, labor 
costs and manufacturing efficiencies. The total contribution margin increases as demand 
for  our casings  increases.  Our financial results  benefit from  increased  volume  because 
we do not have to increase our fixed cost structure in proportion to increases in demand. 
For certain products, we operate at near capacity in our existing facilities. We regularly 
evaluate  our  capacity  and  projected  market  demand.    We  believe  the  current  and 
planned cellulosic production capacity in our industry is in balance with global demand. 

Comparison of Results of Operations for Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. 

The  following  discussion  compares  the  results  of  operations  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
December 31, 2020 to the results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 
2019,  and  compares  the  results  of  operations  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  December  31, 
2019 to the results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. We have 
provided the table below in order to facilitate an understanding of this discussion. The 
table shows our results of operations (in millions) for the 2019, 2018 and 2017 fiscal years.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NM= Not meaningful when comparing positive to negative numbers or to zero. 

2020 Versus 2019 

Net  Sales.  Our  net  sales  for  2020  were  $408.9 million,  which  represents  an  increase  of 
$24.0 million  or  6.2%  from  the prior  year.  Net  sales  increased  $16.4 million  from  volume, 
$7.3 million due to price and mix and $0.3 due to foreign currency translation. 

Cost  of  Sales.  Cost  of  sales  for  2020  increased  5.2%  from  the  comparable  prior  year 
period.  The  increase  is  mainly  due  to  higher  volume  claim  and  lower  absorption  of 
manufacturing costs at our plants. 

Selling,  General  and  Administrative  Expenses.  We  decreased  selling,  general  and 
administrative expenses from $53.7 million in 2019 to $49.8 million in 2020. The decrease is 
mainly due to lower costs with the restructuring plan. 

Amortization of Intangibles.  The Company incurred an expense of $1.7 million during 2020 
on the amortization of  intangibles recognized with the acquisitions compared to $1.6 in 
2019. 

Asset Impairment Charge.  The Company incurred an asset impairment charge of $0.4 
million in 2020 related to the write down of capitalized software not placed in service. 

Restructuring  Expense.    Restructuring  expense  of  $0.4  million  during  of  2020  and  $9.2 
million  in  2019  resulted  from  the  planned  partial  relocation  of  our  manufacturing 
operation in Thaon, France and a downsizing of our facilitiy in Bomlitz, Germany. The plan 
involved  the  involuntary  termination  of  approximately  150  employees.  The  Company 
anticipates an annual savings of $10.0 million per year when the plan is fully implemented. 

YearYearYearEndedEndedEndedDecDecDec31,  202031,  201931,  2018NET SALES$408.96.2%$384.9-2.6%$395.3Cost of sales327.95.2%311.6-1.3%315.8Selling, general and administrative49.8-7.3%53.7-4.8%56.4Amortization of intangibles1.76.2%1.6-5.9%1.7Asset impairment0.4-60.0%1.0900.0%0.1Restructing expense0.4-95.7%9.23.4%8.9OPERATING INCOME28.8274.0%7.7-37.9%12.4Interest expense, net of income11.4-29.6%16.25.9%15.3Other expense, net6.4-28.1%8.9-43.3%15.7Loss on early extinguishment of debt0.3NM-           NM-           Income tax provision (benefit) 6.2-19.5%7.7NM(4.1)NET INCOME $4.6NM($25.1)74.3%($14.4) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating  Income.  Operating  income  for  2020  was  $28.8 million,  representing  an 
increase  of  $21.1 million  from  the  prior  year.  The  increase  in  operating  income  was 
primarily due to higher gross profit due to volume and lower operating expenses resulting 
from the restructuring plans of prior years. 

Interest  Expense.  Interest  expense,  net  of  interest  income,  for  2020  was  $11.4  million, 
representing an decrease of $4.8 million compared to 2019. The decrease is a result of a 
lower interest rate on our Term loan and capitalized interest. 

Other  Expense.  Other expense for  2020 was approximately  $6.4 million,  representing  a 
decrease of $2.5 million over 2019.  The decrease is primarily due to  lower non service 
cost expense related to pension plans. 

Income Tax Provision.  During 2020, an income tax expense of $6.2 million was recognized 
on the income before income taxes of $10.8 million compared to income tax expense of 
$7.7 million in 2019. The 2020 effective income tax rate was 57.7% compared to (44.6%) 
for 2019.  

Primarily  as  a  result  of  the  factors  discussed  above,  net  income  was  $4.6 million 
compared to net loss of $(25.1) million for 2019. 

2019 Versus 2018 

Net  Sales.  Our  net  sales  for  2019  were  $384.9 million,  which  represents  an  decrease  of 
$10.4 million  or  2.6% from  the  prior  year.  Net  sales  decreased  $3.9 million  from  volume, 
$7.5 million due to foreign currency translation offset by an increase of $1.0 million due to 
price and mix. 

Cost  of  Sales.  Cost  of  sales  for  2019  decreased  1.3%  from  the  comparable  prior  year 
period.  The  decrease  is  due  to  lower  volume,  business  interruption  claim  and  lower 
absorption of manufacturing costs at our plants. 

Selling,  General  and  Administrative  Expenses.  We  decreased  selling,  general  and 
administrative expenses from $56.4 million in 2018 to $53.7 million in 2019. The decrease is 
mainly due to lower costs with the restructuring plan offset by one time expenses related 
to strategic alternatives. 

Amortization  of  Intangibles.    The  Company  incurred  an  expense  of  $1.6  million  on  the 
amortization of  intangibles recognized with the acquisitions. 

Asset Impairment Charge.  The Company incurred an asset impairment charge of $1.0 
million in 2019 related to the write down of certain high cost production machinary taken 
out of service. 

Restructuring  Expense.    Restructuring  expense  of  $9.2  million  during  of  2019  and  $8.9 
million  in  2018  resulted  from  the  planned  partial  relocation  of  our  manufacturing 
operation in Thaon, France and a downsizing of our facilitiy in Bomlitz, Germany. The plan 
involved  the  involuntary  termination  of  approximately  150  employees.  The  Company 
anticipates an annual savings of $10.0 million per year when the plan is fully implemented. 

Operating  Income.  Operating  income  for  2019  was  $7.7 million,  representing  an 
decrease  of  $4.7 million  from  the  prior  year.  The  decrease  in  operating  income  was 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
primarily due to lower gross profit due to manufacturing performance and the resulting 
lower sales volume, plus the asset impairment charge. 

Interest  Expense.  Interest  expense,  net  of  interest  income,  for  2019  was  $16.2  million, 
representing an increase of $0.9 million compared to 2018. The increase is a result of a 
higher interest rate on our Term loan. 

Other  Expense.  Other expense for  2019 was approximately  $8.9 million,  representing  a 
decrease of $6.8 million over 2018.  The decrease is primarily due to one time expense 
related to pension settlement accounting in 2018. 

Income Tax Provision.  During 2019, an income tax expense of $7.7 million was recognized 
on the loss before income taxes of $17.4 million compared to income tax benefit of $4.1 
million in 2018. The 2019 effective income tax rate was (44.6%) compared to (18.9%) for 
2018.  The  Company’s  2018  income  tax  expense  and  rate  differ  from  the  amount  of 
income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to pre-tax income 
primarily as a result of a $9.5 million increase for a valuation allowance against a Brazilian 
deferred tax asset.   

Primarily as a result of the factors discussed above, net loss was ($25.1) million compared 
to net loss of $(14.4) million for 2018. 

Liquidity and Capital Resources 

Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $7.2 million during 2020. Net cash provided by 
operating activities was $33.5 million and net cash used in investing activities was $19.2 
million.  Net  cash  used  in  financing  activities  was  $18.0  million.    Cash  flows  used  in 
operating activities were principally attributable to results from operations. Our inventory 
decreased  during  2020  due  to  strong  market  demand.    Cash  flows  used  in  investing 
activities  were  principally  attributable  to  capital  expenditures.  Cash  flows  used  in 
financing activities principally consisted of by debt repayments under our Europe Bank 
Loan, Term Loan and capital leases.  

Our cash held in foreign banks was $13.4 million (against a total cash balance of $15.8 
million) and $15.4 million (against a total cash balance of $23.0 million) as of December 
31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Any cash held by our foreign subsidiaries 
does  not  have  a  significant  impact  on  our  overall  liquidity,  but  if  we  fail  to  generate 
sufficient  cash  through  our  domestic  operations,  our  foreign  operations  could  be  a 
potential source of liquidity. 

As of December 31, 2020 the Company had positive working capital of approximately 
$144.8  million,  with  additional  amounts  of  credit  available  under  its  New  Senior  Credit 
Facility. 

On  October  09,  2020,  the  Company  entered  into  a  Credit  Agreement  with  BofA  as 
Administrative  Agent,  Swingline  Lender  and  L/C  Issuer,  and  the  other  Lender  parties 
thereto,  providing  for  a  $150,000  term  loan  (the  “New  Term  Loan”)  and  a  $30,000 
revolving credit facility (the “New Revolving Credit Facility” and together with the New 
Term  Loan,  the  “New  Senior  Credit  Facility”).  The  proceeds  of  the  New  Senior  Credit 
Facility and the Equity Private Placement were used to repay in full the Term Loan and 
ABL Loan.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
The interest rates per annum applicable to the New Senior Credit Facility (other than in 
respect of Swingline Loans) will be LIBOR (or, if LIBOR is not available for an Alternative 
Currency, such other interest rate customarily used by BofA for such Alternative Currency, 
but in any event, not less than 0.75%) plus the Applicable Rate (as defined below), or, for 
U.S.  dollar  denominated  loans  only,  made  to  the  Company  at  the  option  of  the 
Company, the Base Rate (to be defined as the highest of: (a) the Federal Funds Rate plus 
one-half percent (0.50%); (b) the Bank of America prime rate; and (c) the one (1) month 
LIBOR  (adjusted  daily) plus  one  percent  (1.00%),  but  in  any  event, not less  than  1.75%) 
plus the Applicable Rate. Applicable Rate means, with respect to the New Term Loan 
and  the  New  Revolving  Credit  Facility,  (i)  from  October  9,  2020  until  delivery  of  the 
compliance certificate for the quarter ending December 31, 2020, 3.00% per annum, in 
the case of LIBOR loans, and 2.00% per annum, in the case of Base Rate loans, and (ii) 
thereafter,  a  percentage  per  annum  to  be  determined  in  accordance  with  the 
applicable  pricing  grid  set  forth  in  he  Credit  Agreement  based  upon  the  Company’s 
Consolidated Coverage Ratio as reflected in a quarterly Compliance Certificate.  Each 
Swingline Loan shall bear interest at the Base Rate plus the Applicable Rate for Base Rate 
loans  under  the  New  Revolving  Credit  Facility.  As  of  December  31,  2020,  our  current 
interest rate is 3.75%.  

The New Senior Credit Facility requires the Company to repay principal of the New Term 
Loan at the rate of 5% of the original principal balance during each of the first two years 
and 7.5% of the original principal balance during the third year. The maturity date on the 
New Senior Credit Facility is October 09, 2023.  

The Company may prepay the New Senior Credit Facility, in whole or in part, at any time 
without  premium  or  penalty,  subject  to  reimbursement  of  the  Lenders’  breakage  and 
redeployment costs in the case of prepayment of LIBOR borrowings and foreign currency 
borrowings  bearing  interest  at  a  rate  other  than  LIBOR.  Each  such  prepayment  of  the 
New Term Facility shall be applied as directed by the Company. The unutilized portion of 
the commitments under the New Senior Credit Facility may be irrevocably reduced or 
terminated by the Company at any time without penalty. 

The  New  Senior  Credit  Facility  is  guaranteed  by  each  existing  and  future  direct  and 
indirect  wholly  owned  material  domestic  Restricted  Subsidiary  and  foreign  Restricted 
Subsidiary of the Company (other than any Brazilian subsidiary).   The New Senior Credit 
Facility  is  secured by  substansially all  assets of  the  Company and  its  material domestic 
Restricted Subsidiaries, with the exception of real property.    

Pension and Postretirement Benefits 

Our long-term pension and postretirement benefit liabilities totaled $78.6 million at 
December 31, 2020. 

Expected annual cash contributions for U.S. pension liabilities are expected to be (in 
millions): 

20212022202320242025Pension $       13.6  $         6.9     $         7.2     $            7.1     $         6.2  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract Obligations 

As of December 31, 2020, the aggregate maturities of debt(1), leases and purchase 
commitments for each of the next five years are (in millions): 

 (1) The aggregate maturities of debt represent amounts to be paid at maturity and not 
the current carrying value. 

Critical Accounting Estimates 

Our  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  (“U.S.  GAAP”).  The 
preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management 
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, 
revenues  and  expenses  and  the  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities.  Among 
others, estimates are used when accounting for valuation of investments. Estimates used 
in determining fair value measurements include, but are not limited to, expected future 
cash  flow  assumptions,  market  rate  assumptions  for  contractual  obligations,  actuarial 
assumptions  for  benefit  plans,  settlement  plans  for  litigation  and  contingencies,  and 
appropriate  discount  rates.  Estimates  and  assumptions  are  evaluated  on  an  ongoing 
basis and are based on historical and other factors believed to be reasonable under the 
circumstances. The results of these estimates may form the basis of the carrying value of 
certain assets and liabilities and may not be readily apparent from other sources. Actual 
results,  under  conditions  and  circumstances  different  from  those  assumed,  may  differ 
from estimates. 

We believe the following accounting estimates are critical to our business operations and 
the understanding of results of operations and affect the more significant judgments and 
estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers cash equivalents to 
consist  of  all  highly  liquid  debt  investments  purchased  with  an  initial  maturity  of 
approximately three months or less.  Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, 
the  carrying  values  approximate  the  fair  market  value.   Of  the  cash  held  on  deposit, 
essentially  all  of  the  cash  balance  was  in  excess  of  amounts  insured  by  the  Federal 
Deposit Insurance Corporation or other foreign provided bank insurance.  The Company 
performs periodic evaluations of these institutions for relative credit standing and has not 
experienced any losses as a result of its cash concentration.  Consequently, no significant 
concentrations of credit risk are considered to exist. 

Receivables 

Trade  accounts  receivable  are  classified  as  current  assets  and  are  reported  net  of 
allowance for doubtful accounts and a reserve for returns.  This estimated allowance is 

20212022202320242025ThereafterTerm Credit Facility $       10.5  $         8.4     $     132.2     $              -       $            -    $            -   Europe Bank Loan             1.4                -                  -                     -                  -                   -   Operating Leases5.85.55.25.04.827.7Other             0.2                -                  -                     -                  -   1.0  $       17.9  $       13.9  $     137.4  $            5.0  $         4.8  $        28.7  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
primarily based upon our evaluation of the financial condition of each customer, each 
customer’s ability to pay and historical write-offs. 

Inventories 

Inventories are valued at the lower of first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) cost or net realizable value. 

Property, Plant and Equipment 

The  Company  carries  property,  plant  and  equipment  at  cost  less  accumulated 
depreciation.  Property  and  equipment  additions  include  acquisition  of  property  and 
equipment and costs incurred for computer software purchased for internal use including 
related  external direct  costs  of  materials  and  services  and payroll  costs  for  employees 
directly  associated  with  the  project.   Upon  retirement  or  other  disposition,  cost  and 
related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss 
is included in results of operations.  Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method 
using a half year convention over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from 
(i) building and  improvements  - 10  to 32  years,  (ii) machinery  and equipment -  4  to  12 
years, (iii) furniture and fixtures - 3 to 12 years, (iv) auto and trucks - 2 to 5 years, (v) data 
processing — 3 to 7 years and (vi) leasehold improvements - shorter of lease or useful life. 

In the ordinary course of business, we lease certain equipment, consisting mainly of autos, 
and certain real property. Real property consists of manufacturing, distribution and office 
facilities. 

Deferred Financing Costs 

Deferred financing costs are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from 
the  carrying  amount  of  debt  liability  and  amortized  as  expense  using  the  effective 
interest 
related  debt 
the  expected 
agreement.  Amortization of deferred financing costs is classified as interest expense. 

rate  method  over 

term  of 

the 

Intangible Assets and Goodwill 

The Company has recognized definite lived intangible assets for patents and trademarks, 
customer  relationships,  technologies  and  in-place  leases.  The  intangible  assets  are 
amortized on the straight-line method over an estimated weighted average useful life of 
12  years  for  patents  and  trademarks,  20  years  for  customer  relationships,  13  years  for 
technologies and 14 years for in-place leases.  

We evaluate the carrying value of goodwill on at least an annual basis by applying a 
fair-value-based test. In evaluating the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill, 
we  must  make  assumptions  regarding  the  fair  value  of  our  reporting  units,  as  defined 
under FASB ASC Topic 350.  Goodwill impairment testing involves comparing the fair value 
of  our  reporting  units  to  their  carrying  values.  If  the  book  value  of  the  reporting  unit 
exceeds its fair value, the goodwill of the reporting unit is considered to be impaired. The 
amount of impairment loss is equal to the excess of the book value of the goodwill over 
the fair value of goodwill.  The reporting unit fair value is based upon consideration of 
various  valuation  methodologies,  including guideline  transaction multiples,  multiples  of 
current  earnings,  and  projected  future  cash  flows  discounted  at  rates  commensurate 
with the risk involved.   

Long-Lived Assets 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
The  Company  continues  to  evaluate  the  recoverability  of  long-lived  assets  including 
property, plant and equipment, trademarks and patents.  Impairments are recognized 
when  the  expected  undiscounted future  operating  cash  flows derived from  long-lived 
assets are less than their carrying value.  If impairment is identified, valuation techniques 
deemed appropriate under the particular circumstances will be used to determine the 
asset’s fair value.  The loss will be measured based on the excess of carrying value over 
the determined fair value.  The review for impairment is performed whenever events or 
changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amount  of  assets  may  not  be 
recoverable. 

Shipping and Handling 

The  Company  periodically  bills  customers  for  shipping  charges.   These  amounts  are 
included in net revenue, with the associated costs included in cost of sales. 

Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits 

The Company uses appropriate actuarial methods and assumptions in accounting for its 
defined benefit pension plans and non-pension postretirement benefits. 

Actual  results  that  differ  from  assumptions  used  are  accumulated  and  amortized  over 
future periods and, accordingly, generally affect recognized expense and the recorded 
obligation in future periods. Therefore, assumptions used to calculate benefit obligations 
as  of  the  end  of  a  fiscal  year  directly  impact  the  expense  to  be  recognized  in  future 
periods.  The  primary  assumptions  affecting  the  Company’s  accounting  for  employee 
benefits as of December 31, 2019 are as follows: 

    Long-term rate of return on plan assets:  The required use of the expected long-term 
rate of return on plan assets may result in recognized returns that are greater or less 
than the actual returns on those plan assets in any given year.  Over time, however, 
the  expected  long-term  rate  of  return  on  plan  assets  is  designed  to  approximate 
actual  earned  long-term  returns.   The  Company  uses  long-term  historical  actual 
return  information,  the  mix  of  investments  that  comprise  plan  assets,  and  future 
estimates  of  long-term  investment  returns  by  reference  to  external  sources  to 
develop an assumption of the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets.  The 
expected long-term rate of return is used to calculate net periodic pension cost. In 
determining its pension obligations, the Company is using a long-term rate of return 
on U.S. plan assets of 5.85% for 2019.  The Company is using a long-term rate of return 
on French plan assets of 3.20% for 2019.  The German pension plan has no assets. 

      Discount  rate:  The  discount  rate  is  used  to  calculate  future  pension  and 
postretirement  obligations.  The  Company  is  using  a  Mercer  Bond  yield  curve  in 
determining  its  pension  obligations.   The  Company  was  using  a  discount  rate  of 
2.60% for 2020.  The Company is using a weighted average discount rate of 1.68% 
on its non-U.S. pension plans for 2020.  

Income Taxes 

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  measured  using  enacted  tax  laws  and  tax  rates 
expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences 
are expected to be recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities 
due  to  a  change  in  tax  rates  is  recognized  in  income  in  the  period  that  includes  the 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
enactment date.  In addition, the amounts of any future tax benefits are reduced by a 
valuation allowance to the extent such benefits are not expected to be realized on a 
more likely than not basis. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are 
included as a component of tax expense. 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

Other  Comprehensive  Income  (Loss)  Comprehensive  income  (loss)  includes  all  other 
non-stockholder  changes  in  equity.  Changes  in  other  comprehensive  income  (loss)  in 
2020  and  2019  resulted  from  changes  in  foreign  currency  translation  and  minimum 
pension liability. 
 Revenue Recognition 

Revenues are recognized at the time products are shipped to the customer, under F.O.B 
shipping point, customer pick up or F.O.B port terms, which is the point at which title is 
transferred,  the  customer  has  the  assumed  risk  of  loss,  and  when  payment  has  been 
received or collection is reasonably assured.  Revenues are net of discounts, rebates and 
allowances.   Viskase  records  all  labor,  raw  materials,  in-bound  freight,  plant  receiving 
and purchasing, warehousing, handling and distribution costs as a component of costs 
of sales. 

Acquisitions of Businesses 

We  account  for  business  combinations  under  the  acquisition  method  of  accounting 
(other  than  acquisitions  of  businesses  under  common  control),  which  requires  us  to 
recognize  separately  from  goodwill  the  assets  acquired  and  the  liabilities  assumed  at 
their  acquisition  date  fair  values.   While we  use  our  best estimates and  assumptions  to 
accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well 
as  contingent  consideration,  where  applicable,  our  estimates  are  inherently  uncertain 
and subject to refinement. 

Accounting  for  business  combinations  requires  us  to  make  significant  estimates  and 
assumptions,  especially  at  the  acquisition  date  including  our  estimates  for  intangible 
assets, contractual obligations assumed, pre-acquisition contingencies, and contingent 
consideration,  where  applicable.  In  valuing  our  acquisitions  we  estimate  fair  values 
based  on  industry  data  and  trends  and  by  reference  to  relevant  market  rates  and 
transactions,  and  discounted  cash  flow  valuation  methods,  among  other  factors.   The 
discount  rates  used  were  commensurate  with  the  inherent  risks  associated  with  each 
type  of  asset  and  the  level  and  timing  of  cash  flows  appropriately  reflect  market 
participant assumptions.  The primary items that generate goodwill include the value of 
the synergies between the acquired company and our existing businesses and the value 
of  the  acquired  assembled  workforce,  neither  of  which  qualifies  for  recognition  as  an 
intangible asset. 

Financial Instruments 

The Company routinely enters into fixed price natural gas agreements which require us 
to purchase a portion of our natural gas each month at fixed prices. These fixed price 
agreements qualify for the “normal purchases” scope exception under derivative and 
hedging standards, therefore the natural gas purchases under these contracts were 
expensed as incurred and included within cost of sales. Future annual minimum 
purchases remaining under the agreement are $1.2 million at December 31, 2020. 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts 
receivable and accounts payable. The carrying amounts of these financial assets and 
liabilities approximate fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. 

New Accounting Pronouncements 

Please reference Footnote 1 in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

This report includes “forward-looking statements.”  Forward-looking statements are those 
that do not relate solely to historical fact. These statements relate to future events or our 
future financial performance and implicate known and unknown risks, uncertainties and 
other factors that may cause the actual results, performances or levels of activity of our 
business or our industry to be materially different from that expressed or implied by any 
such forward-looking statements. They include, but are not limited to, any statement that 
may  predict,  forecast,  indicate  or  imply  future  results,  performance,  achievements  or 
events. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by use of words such 
as  “believe,”  “anticipate,”  “expect,”  “estimate,”  “intend,”  “project,”  “plan,”  “will,” 
“would,” “could,” “predict,” “propose,” “potential,” “may” or words or phrases of similar 
meaning. Statements concerning our financial position, business strategy and measures 
to  implement  that  strategy,  including  changes  to  operations,  competitive  strengths, 
goals, plans, references to future success and other similar matters are forward-looking 
statements. Forward-looking statements may relate to, among other things: 

                  our ability to meet liquidity requirements and to fund necessary capital 

expenditures; 

                  the strength of demand for our products, prices for our products and changes in 

overall demand; 

                  assessment of market and industry conditions and changes in the relative market 

shares of industry participants; 

                  consumption patterns and consumer preferences; 

                  the effects of competition and competitor responses to our products and services ; 

                  our ability to realize operating improvements and anticipated cost savings; 

                  pending or future legal proceedings and regulatory matters; 

                  general economic conditions and their effect on our business; 

                  changes in the cost or availability of raw materials and changes in energy prices or 

other costs; 

                  pricing pressures for our products; 

                  the cost of and compliance with environmental laws and other governmental 

regulations; 

                  our results of operations for future periods; 

                  our anticipated capital expenditures; 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
                  our ability to pay, and our intentions with respect to the payment of, dividends on 

shares of our capital stock; 

                  our ability to protect our intellectual property; 

                  economic and industry conditions affecting our customers and suppliers 

                  our ability to identify, complete and integration acquisitions; and 

                  our strategy for the future, including opportunities that may be presented to and/or 

pursued by us. 

These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. Forward-
looking statements are based on management’s expectations that involve risks and 
uncertainties.