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FY2022 Annual Report · VNET Group
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Consolidated Annual Report & Accounts 
Year ended 31 March 202 2

GROUP PLC

Vianet  Group  plc  is  a  leading  international  Business 
to  Business  (“b2b”)  provider  of  internet  enabled, 
cloud  based,  telemetric  services  to  the  hospitality, 
unattended  retail  vending,  and  remote  asset 
management sectors where we provide data services, 
actionable  management  information,  and  business 
insight.  Combining  data  from  our  customers’  assets 
with our smart, cloud-based, Internet of Things (‘IoT’) 
solutions, we deliver critical insight and analysis that 
drives superior operational performance.

With over 300 customers and nearly 215,000 connected 
devices  across  the  UK,  Europe,  and  the  US,  Vianet’s 
experience  and  knowledge  form  a  powerful  market-
leading proprietary technology and insight capability.

We  connect  customers  to  their  assets  via  single  or 
multiple  IoT  smart  devices  which  interface  to  the 
asset, collecting the relevant data. The machine data 
is  sent  to  our  cloud-hosted  IoT  platform,  where  it  is 
processed.

Vianet  currently  operates 
in  two  core  business 
verticals. Our Smart Machines solution is designed for 
the  unattended  coffee,  snack  and  soft  drink  vending 
machine  market,  and  our  Smart  Zones  solution  is 
designed  for  the  pub  and  hospitality  industry,  both 
connecting  customers  to  their  assets  and  delivering 
powerful insights and analytics in real-time. 

The  Group’s  Smart  Zones  division  provides 
unparalleled product quality and waste management, 
business intelligence and stock management services 
to the drinks retailing industry.

Our  Smart  Machines  division  provides  innovative 
real 
time  monitoring,  software  management 
applications,  business  intelligence  and  data  insights 
for  unattended  vending  machines  that  significantly 
improve  operational  efficiency,  stock  control,  sales, 
and  cash  flow,  whilst  also  reducing  our  customers’ 
carbon  footprint.  Smart  Machines  is  one  of  the 
largest  b2b  connected  solutions  providers  in  Europe 
with  established  long-term  relationships  with  major 
industry  players  and  growing  recurring  revenues, 
which  comprise  over  85%  of  total  revenues.  The 
acquisition of Vendman Systems Limited (“Vendman”) 
in  2017  resulted  in  a  further  c.  200,000  machines 
connected  via  mobile  technology,  the  majority  of 
which  will,  over  time,  become  higher  value  Smart 
Machines connections.

By  connecting  customers  to  their  assets,  we  gather 
data  from  which 
insight  and  analytics  support 
improves  decision-making  and  enables  our  end-to-
end  contactless  payment  solution.  The  outcome  for 
our  clients  is  increased  sales  and  asset  utilisation, 
reduced  operating  costs  and  improved  operational 
performance, with more informed customer decision-
making.

We achieve this by;

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Increasing utilisation and significantly reducing 
servicing costs by identifying asset performance 
opportunities;

Maximising asset uptime and sales by providing 
alerts on fault conditions and product availability;

seamless 

touchless 

payment 
Providing 
solutions,  reducing  customer  dependency,  in 
a  COVID  conscious  world,  on  ‘dirty’  cash,  and 
providing  the  contactless  payment  solutions 
that consumers increasingly desire;

Improving 
cash  flow  management  and 
resource  planning  by  tracking  real-time  sales 
performance  and  enabling  more 
frequent 
invoicing; and

Defining  potential  new  procedures,  revenue 
streams,  and  automation 
services  and 
incorporating these into the customers’ existing 
processes.

Real  time  capture  and  processing  of  machine 
data from the installation base allows customers 
to  significantly  improve  the  efficiency  of  re-
stocking and maintenance operations providing 
substantial  cost  and  sales  benefits  whilst  also 
reducing our customers’ carbon footprint. 

In both divisions, the data collected is structured and 
rendered through an advanced web portal and mobile 
applications to provide the analytics and insight that 
support  better  business  decision  making  to  improve 
our customers’ asset utilisation and profitability.

technologies  were  developed 

for 
Whilst  our 
unattended  retailing  and  hospitality,  the  flexibility 
and functionality of our smart devices offer multiple 
applications and can be connected to practically any 
machine  with  a  data  output.  The  device  used  in  our 
Smart Machines division is the same used to connect 
our  contactless  payment  solution  and  communicate 
payment terms to our cloud-based payment services 
providers.  Ongoing  successful  asset  management 
and  contactless  payment  field  trials  and  conversion 
have  been  completed  in  other  verticals  such  as 
Fuel  Forecourts,  fast  casual  restaurant  chains,  and 
environmental services.

As  a  business,  we  are  passionate  about  developing 
innovative  solutions  and  employing  talented  people 
focused on transforming business performance.

Our  ambitions  are  underpinned  by  driving  our 
financial  performance  through  long-term  contracts 
typically  with  recurring  high  cash  margins  and 
scalable  annuity  revenue  streams  that  facilitate 
ongoing product development.

Vianet Group plc 

i

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

18000

16000

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

TURNOVER PERFORMANCE

£2.36 MILLION ADJUSTED OPERATING PROFIT(a)

TURNOVER (£’000)

15,683

16,282

13,215

8,369

Mar-19

Mar-20

Mar-21

Mar-22

3950

3850

3750

3650

3550

3450

3350

3250

3150

3050

2950

2850

5000

OPERATING PROFIT (£’000)

4000

3,855

4,030

3000

2000

1000

0

-1000

2,363

Mar-19

Mar-20

Mar-21

Mar-22

(687)

RECURRING REVENUE

88%
(2021: 89%)

OPERATIONAL CASH GENERATION

NET DEBT OF £3.00 MILLION(b)

CASH GENERATION (£’000)

NET CASH/(DEBT) (£’000)

4,233

2,037

2,397

Mar-19

Mar-20

1,052

Mar-21

Mar-22

Mar-19

Mar-20

Mar-21

Mar-22

(1,196)

(952)

(2,661)

(2,999)

0

-500

-1000

-1500

-2000

-2500

-3000

-3500

BASIC EPS

NEW CONNECTIONS

0.65P
(2021: (6.75p))

16,927
(2021: 8,115)

Note:
a) Adjusted operating profit is profit before exceptional costs, amortisation, interest and share-based payments
b) Net debt includes a CBIL loan

ii 

Vianet Group plc

OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS

Our  business  currently  has  two  divisions:  Smart 
Machines and Smart Zones.  

Smart  Machines  added  12,895  connections  with  a 
current estate at just over 48,000. The division returned 
a profit of over £1.6 million, above both FY2021 and, 
importantly, FY2020 pre-pandemic levels.

The  Smart  Zones  division  delivered  a  strong  H2 
rebound  from  C19  lifting  operating  profit  to  £2.99m 
(FY2021:  £0.5m),  being  almost  68%  of  FY2020  pre-
pandemic performance of £4.57m.

The  Group’s  Smart  Zones  connected  device  base 
remains  significant  with  c.  167,000  devices  in  over 
10,100 premises in the UK and USA. 

CONNECTED DEVICES - TOTAL

Mar-22

166,804

48,179

Mar-21

173,580

37,557

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Smart Zones

Smart Machines

SMART MACHINES

• 

• 

• 

• 

12,895  new  connected  devices  (FY2021:  7,215) 
being 78% YOY growth.

 The highest Payment Card Industry Compliance 
level  (PCI-DSS  level  1)  was  re-confirmed  in 
September  2021 
for  Contactless  Payment 
deployment.

41 new contract wins across various customer 
sizes, and 6 contract renewals.

 Smart  Machines  adjusted  operating  profit  of 
£1.82 million (FY2021: £1.10 million) being a 19% 
increase on pre-pandemic FY2020 of £1.53m.

Vianet Group plc 

iii

CONTENTS

Section 

Company Information 

Chairman’s Statement 

Strategic Report 

Report of the Directors 

Corporate Governance Statement 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated Balance Sheet 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Consolidated Cash flow Statement 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Company Balance Sheet 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity 

Notes to the Company Balance Sheet 

Page

1

2

5

14

22

29

37

38

39

40

41-73

74

75

76-83

iv 

Vianet Group plc

COMPANY INFORMATION

Directors

J W Dickson (Chairman and Interim CEO)
M H Foster (Chief Financial Officer)
D C Coplin (Non-Executive Director)
C Williams (Non-Executive Director)

Secretary

M H Foster

Registered office

One Surtees Way
Surtees Business Park
Stockton on Tees
TS18 3HR

Registered number

05345684

Auditors

Bankers

Nominated Adviser

Stockbroker

Solicitors

Registrars

BDO LLP
Central Square
29 Wellington Street
Leeds
LS1 4DL

Lloyds Banking Group plc
1st Floor
Black Horse House
91 Sandyford Road
Newcastle
NE1 8HQ

Cenkos Securities plc
6. 7. 8. Tokenhouse Yard
London
EC2R 7AS

Cenkos Securities plc
6. 7. 8. Tokenhouse Yard
London
EC2R 7AS

Gordons LLP
Riverside West
Whitehall Road
Leeds
LS1 4AW

Link Group
Central Square
29 Wellington Street
Leeds
LS1 4DL

Vianet Group plc 

1

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT

James Dickson
Chairman

Performance
Given the C19 impact, there is little merit in drawing 
too much of a comparison with FY2021 performance. 
While comparative figures are presented for reporting 
purposes alongside FY2020 for context, my comments 
will be restricted to the FY2022 performance. 

The  focus  has  been  on  cash  management,  and 
customer engagement, continued investment in sales 
and technology as we migrate towards a fully cloud-
native environment to support growth. This approach 
allows  us  to  build  momentum  and  accelerate  our 
Smart  Machines  growth  plans  whilst  developing  the 
Smart  Zones  contribution  and  commercialising  data 
opportunities in new verticals. Whilst the gradual re-
opening of the hospitality sector from Q2 2022 and the 
prolonged  delay  in  return  to  more  standard  ways  of 
work in city centre offices has held back performance; 
Group revenues rebounded to 81.2% of pre-pandemic 
levels at £13.22m (FY2021: £8.37m, FY2020: £16.28m). 

Against a backdrop of delayed hospitality re-opening 
in  H1  2022,  and  H2  2022  being  impacted  by  the 
additional  stock  premium  costs  currently  incurred 
to  source  microchips  and  inflationary  pressures, 
the  Group  delivered  an  adjusted  operating  profit  of 
£2.36m (FY2021: £0.69m loss, FY2020: £4.03m profit) 
being almost 60% of pre-pandemic performance.  

The  Group  had  a  loss  before  taxation  of  £0.17m 
(FY2021: £2.82m loss, FY2020: £2.43m profit) which is 
a material step forward from FY2021 with basic EPS 
rising to 0.65p this year compared to a loss of 6.75p 
for FY2021.

Net  exceptional  cost  was  £0.12m  (FY2021:  £0.34m, 
FY2020:  negligible),  primarily  related  to  corporate 
opportunity  activity  and  staff  rationalisation  net  of  a 
contingent consideration release.

Basic  earnings  per  share  was  0.65p  (FY2021:  6.75p 
negative, FY2020: 8.56p positive).

A  £3.5m  Coronavirus  Business  Interruption  Loan 
(“CBIL”)  was  taken  on  26  May  2020  to  provide  a 
buffer  against  a  prolonged  recovery  period  and 
facilitate  investment  in  our  commercial  sales  team 
and  technology  roadmap.  We  ended  the  year  with 
net  borrowings  of  £3.00m  (FY2021:  £2.66m,  FY2020: 
£0.95m) and a gross cash balance of £1.58m (FY2021: 
£1.89m, FY2020: £1.73m). 

Introduction
In last year’s Annual Report and our H1 2022 report, 
I  provided  a  comprehensive  update  on  our  proactive 
response to the global Coronavirus (“C19”) pandemic. 
This  year  the  emphasis  has  shifted  to  the  strength 
of  our  recovery  and  the  clear  sales  and  commercial 
momentum we have going into FY2023, which I expect 
will return us to pre-pandemic financial performance 
levels towards the end of H1 2023.

Encouragingly,  strong  H2  momentum  resulted  in 
FY2022  sales  rebounding  to  £13.2m,  which  equates 
to  80%  of  FY2020  pre-pandemic  levels.  Adjusted 
operating  profit  of  £2.36m  compared  to  FY2021  loss 
of  £0.7m,  almost  60%  of  the  pre-pandemic  FY2020 
performance. Whilst we note the uncertainty in global 
supply chains, the strong trading momentum that we 
have carried into H1 2023 gives us confidence that we 
have  overcome  the  issues  caused  by  the  pandemic 
and, with the Group now returning to its pre-pandemic 
performance  levels,  we  expect  to  deliver  strong 
growth in both FY2023 and FY2024.

It has been a challenging time for any business with 
a  reliance  on  the  hospitality  and  leisure  sectors  or 
exposure to the pace of city centre office re-openings. 
This has now been compounded by the global semi-
conductor  supply  chain  pressures  and  the  conflict 
in  Ukraine.  Notwithstanding  these  realities,  we  are 
confident  that  our  sales  will  continue  to  grow,  and 
the H1 2023 momentum will result in a return to pre-
pandemic performance around the mid-year.

As a result of our proactive response to the pandemic, 
together with the investment made in technology and 
commercial resource, I am very pleased to report that 
the  Group  has  delivered  resilient  results  and  is  in  a 
strong position to capitalise on the growing number of 
excellent growth opportunities.

2 

Vianet Group plc

Dividend
We are encouraged by the Group’s FY2022 results and 
anticipate significantly improved trading in the coming 
months, but there remain uncertainties around semi-
conductor  supply,  inflationary  pressures  and  any 
prolonged  impact  of  the  Ukrainian  War.  The  Group 
has completed repayment of the Vendman acquisition 
loan; however, we will continue with repayment of the 
CBIL  facility  and  investment  in  the  exciting  growth 
opportunities. 

Given this background, the Board considers it prudent 
to delay reinstating a dividend until we have returned 
to pre-pandemic performance levels and have a clear 
line of sight on returning to a more normal economic 
and supply chain backdrop.

The  Board  recognises  this  is  a  significant  decision 
and  that  dividends  are  an  important  part  of  total 
shareholder  returns.  Subject  to  global  microchip 
supply chain pressures abating, it fully intends to be 
in  a  position  to  resume  payment  of  dividends  in  the 
next 12-18 months. 

Board Changes and Staff
The  Board’s  composition  and  effectiveness  are 
continually evaluated to ensure the optimum balance 
of  experience  and  independence  to  support  the 
business and our growth ambitions. 

Given  the  requirement  to  navigate  the  pandemic, 
re-energise  the  organisation,  drive  the  recovery, 
and  mitigate  the  impact  of  supply  chain  pressures, 
I  have  remained  in  the  post  as  Interim  CEO,  having 
previously held the CEO role. 

There  has  been  the  opportunity  to  make  certain 
changes to the operational structure of the Group and 
I  am  pleased  to  report  that  the  management  team 
continues to be energised, excited by the opportunities 
and working well. 

Having  served  on  the  Board  for  nine  years,  non-
executive  director  and  chair  of  our  audit  committee, 
Chris  Williams  intends  to  retire  at  our  next  AGM  in 
July, however he will remain until a suitable successor 
is  found,  and  a  further  announcement  will  be  made 
at that stage. I really appreciate the guidance, honest 
counsel, and diligent support that Chris has provided 
to the Board over the years, and we wish him well in 
retirement. 

In  the  face  of  significant  challenges  over  the  past 
couple  of  years,  the  performance  of  our  people 

has  been  tremendous,  engaging  with  their  usual 
enthusiasm,  commitment,  and  openness.  This 
underpins  the  Group’s  excellent  reputation  with 
customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders. 

The recent annual engagement survey demonstrated 
further year-on-year progress in retaining our upper 
quartile  position  in  the  Best  Companies  evaluation 
and our position in Technology’s 50 Best Companies 
to work for. 

I  am  extremely  proud  and  humbled  by  how  our 
executive  team  and  employees  have  stepped  up 
during  the  last  two  years,  and  I  thank  them  and  my 
Board  colleagues  for  their  ongoing  commitment  to 
taking the Group forward.

Conclusion and Outlook
We  have  had  a  robust  recovery  year,  emerging 
strongly from the pandemic with a clear line of sight 
towards achieving pre-pandemic performance levels 
in  FY2023,  with  excellent  momentum  and  revenue 
growth opportunities across our business areas. 

The  past  two  years  provided  a  unique  opportunity 
to  regroup,  reorganise,  and  re-energise  whilst 
progressing  our  product  development  plans  and 
making  significant  investments  in  our  marketing, 
sales, commercial, and customer experience teams. 
Notably, this was also an opportunity to demonstrate 
and  underline  the  value  of  the  Group’s  solutions 
and  deepen  stakeholder  relationships,  resulting  in 
significant sales opportunities.

We have emerged out of C19 with a stronger platform, 
which  will  allow  the  Group  to  achieve  pre-pandemic 
levels of performance early in H2 2023, with significant 
double-digit growth in FY2024. 

The  Group  remains  on  track  to  resume  strong 
earnings  growth  across  the  two  divisions  and  new 
vertical opportunities. 

• 

 Smart Machines already has the leading end-to-
end product suite, which is being strengthened 
by  new  releases  of  our  SmartVend  solution.  At 
the  recent  Vendies  vending  industry  annual 
awards  ceremony,  Vianet  won  the  awards  for 
Best  Supplier  Website  and  for  Best  Payment 
System where our SmartContact Pro all-in-one 
contactless  payment  and  telemetry  solution 
prevailed  over  international  competition.  We 
have a high performing commercial team, long 
term contracts with major blue-chip customers, 
an established presence in the UK market, with a 

Vianet Group plc 

3

Chairman’s Statement (continued)

In the meantime, the Board’s absolute focus remains 
on sales growth and cash management, particularly 
with respect to stock premium costs, building on the 
results  achieved  to  be  in  a  strong  position  to  take 
advantage  of  its  exciting  growth  opportunities  whilst 
maintaining  the  health,  well-being  and  safety  of  our 
employees and customers.

James Dickson
Chairman
13 June 2022

significant pipeline of opportunities for telemetry 
and contactless sales and data management in 
both the UK and Europe. The year saw a number 
of business gains, including 41 customers being 
onboarded  and  two  significant  contract  wins, 
which underpin our growth plans. 

 Smart  Zones  has  a  pipeline  of  new  site 
installations in several leased and tenanted pub 
companies.  Our  investment  in  hardware  and 
data science will enable further cost reductions, 
helping  to  drive  the  growth  of  our  installation 
footprint and provide additional opportunities to 
develop revenue from data. 

 Our investment in rapid prototyping has resulted 
in  successful  field  trials  and  initial  orders  for 
our  technology  and  services.  We  expect  to  see 
further  growth  prospects  in  sectors  such  as 
environmental,  catering,  forecourts  and  tank 
monitoring.

 Ongoing investment in cloud infrastructure and 
mobile  technology  will  help  develop  existing 
revenues in Smart Zones and Smart Machines 
and provide the scalability, flexibility, and speed 
to support rapid growth in existing and potential 
new verticals. 

 Our  Smart  Zones  product  roadmap  and  a 
developing  technology  partnership  opportunity 
will bring new features and functionality which 
should  generate  increased  customer  interest 
and growth outside the UK leased and tenanted 
market.

 The  Group  has  high 
levels  of  contracted 
recurring income and will continue to generate 
strong operating cash flow.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

The  Board  is  confident  in  the  long-term  growth 
strategy  and  that  the  Group  is  very  well  positioned 
to  deliver  earnings  growth  and  expand  its  future 
strategic options.

4 

Vianet Group plc

STRATEGIC REPORT

James Dickson
Interim Chief Executive

There is nothing like a crisis to create a shared sense 
of purpose and provide an opportunity to demonstrate 
leadership.  The  last  two  years  have  galvanised  our 
people  and  business  and  improved  our  customer 
engagement.  From  the  very  outset  of  C19  and  the 
challenges  of  semi-conductor  supply  and  stock 
premium  costs,  we  have  managed  cash  to  ensure 
business  continuity  and  enable  ongoing  investment, 
which  has  positioned  the  Group  strongly  to  build  on 
the solid results of FY2022. 

Our  core  strategy  centres  on  IoT  and  the  collection 
and  processing  of  customers’  asset  data,  to  deliver 
actionable analytics and insights that drive improved 
operating  performance  for  businesses,  machine 
owners, operators, and brand owners. 

By  connecting  and  analysing  c.  215,000  connected 
assets today, Vianet can deliver insights and analytics 
that  support  better  decision-making,  enabling 
customers  to  improve  their  key  asset  utilisation  and 
performance metrics.

Combined  with  a  leading-edge  contactless  payment 
capability  to  support  sales  growth  in  unattended 
retail machines, Vianet continues to be well placed to 
strengthen its position in this rapidly developing area. 

While our focus is predominantly on delivering insight 
and  analytics,  both  hardware  and  software  remain 
critical  components  in  enabling  remote  assets  to 
be  connected.  Our  IoT  platform  now  supports  much 
greater  flexibility  of  device  connection  and  data 
connectivity to the extent that it is possible to connect 
a  range  of  business-critical  third-party  devices,  and 
not just those we supply. 

This  is  underpinned  by  our  ability  to  collaborate 
with  customers  to  identify  compelling  end-to-end 
solutions  to  address  business  opportunities.  This 
combination  of  capabilities  will  enable  us  to  drive 
sustained business growth over the coming years.

FY2022  has  been  challenging  for  many  obvious 
reasons,  however,  the  Group  has  made  excellent 
progress  with  a  sustained  investment  in  technology 
and sales and marketing capability. This has enabled us 
to execute key elements of our growth plan, including 
securing  new  and  renewed  contracts  over  several 
years  and  successfully  launching  our  market  data 
insights.  Our  strengthened  customer  relationships 
have  helped  secure  new  business  in  existing  and 

new  verticals  such  as  retail,  fuel  forecourts  and 
industrial  kitchens,  using  our  contactless  payment 
and telemetry solutions.

Smart Machines 

Conversion  of  opportunities 
is  gathering  pace 
following a step-change increase in sales, commercial 
and  marketing  capability  in  FY2021  which  saw  a  c. 
78% growth in connected device sales in FY2022. 

The  investments  made  and  the  contract  wins  will 
further  accelerate  the  rollout  of  our  contactless 
increased  machine 
payment 
utilisation and sales for customers, who benefit from 
the reduced cost of cash handling, improved cash flow 
and assured payment.

solution  driving 

The  trend  toward  non-cash  transactions  is  growing 
significantly,  with  contactless  payments  giving  a  fast, 
easy  and  secure  transaction  in  a  world  where  fewer 
people  are  carrying  cash.  The  impact  of  C19  and  our 
‘dirty cash’ campaign gave further impetus to this trend.  

We  are  encouraged  by  the  impact  of  our  investment 
in  the  sales  team,  the  results  achieved,  and  the 
opportunities being progressed both in this space and 
in new verticals using contactless as the lead generator. 
Our route to market and distribution opportunities are 
enhanced by establishing a solid network and footprint 
with distributors and machine suppliers.

Smart Zones

It  is  well  documented  that  through  C19,  we  were 
very  proactive  in  supporting  our  hospitality  sector 
customers  severely  impacted  by  prolonged  closures 
and  restrictions.  Enhanced 
insights  and  new 
reporting  tools  helped  them  make  better-informed 
decisions,  targeting  support,  optimising  revenues, 
and minimising costs. 

We  are  seeing  an  increased  level  of  interest  in  new 
analytics and insights, aided by a new reporting suite 
to  support  management  decision-making.  We  are 
exploring an exciting range of new services specifically 
designed  to  help  clients  during  this  unprecedented 
crisis.

OPERATING REVIEW 

Smart Zones

The  Smart  Zones  division  gathered  momentum, 
emerging from C19 at a better than anticipated pace 
going into Q2 of FY2022. This resulted in revenues of 
c.  £7.83m  (FY2021:  £3.95m,  FY2020:  £11.06m)  being 
70.8% of pre-pandemic performance and delivering a 
material step forward in profit performance. 

Vianet Group plc 

5

Strategic Report (continued)

Sales improved to 252 (FY2021: 61, FY2020: 121) new 
site  installations,  double  that  of  the  pre-pandemic 
year.  Technology  upgrades  to  our  4th  Generation  IoT 
hubs  were  completed  in  1,053  pubs  (FY2021:  137, 
FY2020: 2,519), with a handful still to be completed in 
FY2023.  

UK pub closures have been difficult to assess due to 
the  pandemic,  with  prolonged  temporary  closures  in 
city centres, which may only re-open with a full return 
to  office-based  working.  The  average  community-
based leased and tenanted pubs have fared better.   

Despite  that,  it  is  encouraging  that  the  rate  of  pub 
closures slowed to 535 (FY2021: 723), which, with 252 
(FY2021:  61)  new  installations,  gives  a  net  reduction 
of  357  sites  (FY2021:  662  reductions,  FY2020:  838 
reductions).  This  underpins  the  belief  that  we  are 
now seeing a base to build on our current estate of c. 
10,100 sites (FY2021: 10,800, FY2020: c. 11,700) in the 
UK and Europe. There are a further c. 21 installations 
in the USA, giving a total active base of c. 10,121.  

The disruption to the hospitality sector during FY2021 
was a significant challenge but provided opportunities 
for  broader  engagement  with  our  customers  and 
acceleration  of  our  product  roadmap.  In  addition  to 
ongoing  compliance  information,  our  customers  are 
increasingly  seeking  trading  data  to  improve  their 
decision-making,  optimise  revenues  and  minimise 
costs. There is also an increasing desire to embrace 
digital  capability  to  enhance  efficiency  and  enable 
more frictionless delivery from both back of house and 
front of house to consumers. 

Our  Smart  Zones  connected  device  base  remains 
significant with c. 167,000 devices in the active estate. 
Evermore granular data from our 4th Generation IoT 
hubs,  together  with  our  increasingly  sophisticated 
reporting  capability,  delivered  via  our  website  and 
mobile  applications,  is  resulting  in  growth  in  our 
insight and analytics sales. This is particularly relevant 
for  the  provision  of  retail  data  for  Brewers.  We  are 
now contracted with the Oxford Partnership to deliver 
ground-breaking insight that will support consumer-
level decision-making regarding beer brands, and we 
have  seen  increased  traction  for  insight  data  that  is 
expected to show further growth into FY2023.

CONNECTED DEVICES - SMART ZONES

Mar-22

145,585

10,710

3,503

7,006

Mar-21

151,853

11,116

3,537

7,074

140,000

150,000

160,000

170,000

180,000

Flowmeters

Panels

Cooler Sensors

Recirc Sensors

Machines

The emergence from C19 will see an increased focus 
on  operational  and  retail  performance  to  drive  value 
from  pubs,  particularly  for  customers  who  are  now 
owned by private equity. This plays to the strength of 
our operational analytics and retail insights capability 
and  the  positive  C-Level  exposure  we  have  recently 
seen.

Vianet  Americas  revenues  were  c  £178k  (FY2021: 
£130k,  FY2020:  c.£400k).  The  pandemic  acutely 
impacted the USA cinema market, leading to the loss 
of our key customer AMC Theatres during H2 2022 as 
they could no longer afford to fund our services. This 
resulted in a £182k loss (FY2021: £200k loss, FY2020: 
breakeven).

Whilst  we  have  addressed  the  cost  base  to  mitigate 
the AMC loss, a recent strategic review has identified 
interesting options which will significantly enhance the 
customer  benefits  from  our  SmartDraught  solution 
and  provide  direct  access  to  a  large  proportion  of 
national retail chains in the USA.  

In  addition,  we  were  already  re-engineering  our 
product to reduce costs and enhance the solution and 
are  in  active  dialogue  with  two  national  chains  that 
have re-engaged since the pandemic. 

The opportunity for the Company remains significant 
in  the  world’s  largest  single  operator  market,  and 
FY2023 will be a definitive year for Vianet Americas as 
we commit to establishing a US profit centre.

Overall,  the  Board  remains  confident  that  the 
Smart  Zones  division  will  return  to  pre-pandemic 
performance  levels  in  FY2023  whilst  also  delivering 
growth from the UK managed pub sector, USA, and its 
data insight services.

Smart Machines 
Smart  Machines  performed  well  in  the  year,  with 
revenue and profit ahead of pre-pandemic levels. The 
division  made  good  progress  but  did  not  escape  the 
impact of C19, with major coffee brands and machine 
manufacturers being slow to emerge, whilst many UK 
operators  were  held  back  by  the  slow  pace  of  office 
re-openings.

6 

Vianet Group plc

We  continue  to  see  an  increase  in  demand  and 
usage of our contactless payment solution, with two 
significant  contract  wins.  We  anticipate  a  further 
acceleration  of  a  growing  business  requirement  and 
industry trend for telemetry and contactless payment 
solutions.

is 

increasing  recognition 

There 
from  vending 
operators  that  the  use  of  cash  by  consumers 
continues to decline. The ability to manage operations 
efficiently and effectively is being materially inhibited 
by the pricing inflexibility of cash, with the continued 
reliance on frequent and costly machine visits. 

Our  leading  end-to-end  product  portfolio,  enhanced 
by our launch of SmartVend, which will be complete 
in  H1  2023,  means  we  are  extremely  well  placed  to 
help our customers unlock the value our technology 
provides, fuelling growth. 

There  is  a  significant  opportunity  to  drive  growth  in 
the  unattended  retail  market  by  delivering  market-
leading  analytics  and  insight  into  premium  coffee 
and  unattended  retail  snack  &  can  channels  from 
new device connections and the rollout of contactless 
payment capability.

The Smart Machines division’s turnover was £5.38m 
(FY2021: £4.42m, FY2020: £5.22m), 3% ahead of pre-
pandemic  performance  resulting  in  an  operating 
profit  of  £1.82m  (FY2021:  £1.1m,  FY2020:  £1.53m), 
being 19.0% ahead of pre-pandemic performance.

Smart  Machines’  proportion  of  recurring  revenues 
returned to near pre pandemic levels at 77% (FY2021: 
86%,  FY2020:  80%),  reflecting  the  revenue  mix 
being  more  toward  capex  this  year  due  to  a  higher 
proportion  of  hardware  sales.  It  should  be  noted 
that  Group  FY2022  recurring  revenues  of  88%  were 
positively  impacted  by  Smart  Zones’  revenue  being 
over 90% due to limited new sales during the various 
lockdowns.

Total new device connections grew to 12,895 (FY2021: 
7,215,  FY2020:  12,059),  6.9%  ahead  of  pre-pandemic 
performance.  This  was  despite  a  backdrop  of  home 
working  slowing  the  recovery  of  vending  in  city-
centre  offices,  vending  brands  and  manufacturing 
sectors  being  slow  to  recover,  and  many  customers 
taking the opportunity to rationalise their estates. We 
were  pleased  with  new  unit  sales,  which  increased 
our  overall  device  installations  to  just  over  c.  48,000 
(FY2021: c. 38,000, FY2020: c. 38,000), giving a c.26% 
estate growth in the year.

The  market  opportunity  for  the  Group  is  significant 
even  when  limited  to  the  immediately  addressable 

market of over 300,000 vending machines in the UK. It 
is estimated that the addressable market in mainland 
Europe is nearer 3 million devices, and there are 15 
million machines worldwide, of which only 28% have 
any  form  of  connectivity.  As  technology  adoption 
evolves,  contactless  transaction  limits  are  increased 
(now at £100), and the benefits of insight and analytics 
in the vending sector become more widely recognised, 
it is anticipated that more of the addressable market 
will embrace the corresponding opportunity.

SMART MACHINE PENETRATION

48,179

831,821

 Available 

Penetration

 Penetration
Available

Our  contactless  payment  solution  is  supported  by 
leading industry partners Elavon, Worldpay and NMI 
and  has  been  enhanced  by  establishing  our  PCI 
Master Merchant service. This allows us to speed up 
the  onboarding  of  customers  for  payment  capability 
and  provide  a  more  cost-effective  reconciliation  and 
payment service to our customers. 

Contactless  payment  remains  a  desirable  solution 
in  a  market  where  traditional  cash-only  payments 
have long been an inhibitor of vending-related usage, 
consumption,  and  customer  experience.  We  believe 
the  evolution  and  growth  of  contactless  payment 
solutions,  together  with  the  insight  of  our  telemetry 
firmware,  will  materially  change  this  dynamic  and 
attract more consumers to the vending vertical. 

In  summary,  the  growth  prospects  for  our  Smart 
Machines business are extremely positive, and there 
is a clear line of sight toward doubling the business 
size by the end of FY2024. 

R&D Investment
Through  FY2022,  the  Group  continued  to  invest 
in  developing  and  delivering  its  product  roadmap 
and  operational  capabilities.  This  has  ranged  from 
the  SmartVend  product  roadmap  and  customer 
experience  enhancements  to  revenue-generating 
analytics and insights from new platforms. This allows 
us to leverage new revenue streams and provide the 
ability to operate a cloud based self-service model. 

Vianet Group plc 

7

Whilst we cannot escape the impact of stock premium 
costs and inflationary pressures, we have an exciting 
sales  pipeline  and  growth  opportunities  that  will 
result  in  top-line  recurring  revenue  growth  for  the 
foreseeable future.

Finally,  our  high-calibre,  energised  team,  robust 
strategy,  and  strong  earnings  visibility  provides  a 
natural  platform  for  growth  as  we  expand  our  IoT 
capability  and  deliver  data  and  insight  applications 
that help our customers make better decisions about 
their assets.

Strategic Report (continued)

Simultaneously,  we  began  the  gradual  migration 
from  legacy  systems  and  software  to  a  cloud-based 
environment which was completed in May 2022. Further 
product enhancement, a launch of SmartVend with the 
final phase being delivered in H1 FY2023, and the plan 
for  a  cloud-native  environment  will  further  boost  the 
services we offer to both existing customers in existing 
verticals and new customers in new verticals.

The Board believes this further investment in our core 
data  management  capability  and  IoT  technology  will 
enhance  the  Group’s  ability  to  improve  the  quality  of 
the  existing  recurring  revenue  streams  and  generate 
substantial new growth. 

LOOKING FORWARD
C19 has had a significant impact on our stakeholders 
and economies internationally. In the year, the supply 
of semi-conductor and stock premium costs added to 
that impact and will still be present during FY2023.

We have acted during the period to ensure we are well 
placed to manage these challenges and deliver growth 
in our chosen markets. 

The  business  is  strongly  placed  to  benefit  from  its 
proven track record of converting data gathered from 
its  IoT  devices  into  analytics  and  insight  that  drive 
better  decision-making  for  customers, 
improving 
asset utilisation and increasing profitability.

Smart  Machines  will  continue 
its 
strong  portfolio  of  products  and  services  to  existing 
customers across Europe, with significant investment 
in commercial resources adding further momentum.

leverage 

to 

Our  cloud  and  mobile  capability  will  continue  to 
transform the customer experience and facilitate rapidly 
scalable growth in existing and new vertical markets. 

Our contactless payment solution and our PCI Master 
Merchant scheme, combined with the declining use of 
cash by consumers and rapid technology adoption by 
brand  owners  and  machine  operators,  positions  this 
division for long-term solid year-on-year growth.

In  FY2023,  the  Smart  Zones  division  will  deliver  pre-
pandemic  performance,  whilst  unlocking  further 
for  stock  management,  enhanced 
opportunities 
analytics,  and  insight,  which  are  expected  to  result 
in  FY2024  growth  across  all  UK  pub  sectors  and 
the  USA.  Private  Equity  pub  company  ownership  is 
expected to drive greater focus on operating and retail 
performance,  where  we  are  well  placed  to  deliver 
value for customers. 

8 

Vianet Group plc

FINANCIAL REVIEW

Mark Foster
Chief Financial Officer

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 
Group  operating  profit,  pre-exceptional  costs, 
amortisation and share based payments was £2.36m 
(FY2021:  £0.69m  loss,  FY2020:  £4.03m  profit),  being 
almost 60% of pre-pandemic performance.

5000

OPERATING PROFIT (£’000)

4000

3,855

4,030

AVERAGE OPERATING PROFIT PER DEVICE (£)

Mar-22

10.99

-3.25

Mar-21

-4.00

-2.00

0

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

This  KPI  is  measured  by  taking  full  year  operating 
profit before amortisation, share based payments and 
exceptional items and dividing by the total number of 
connected devices at the year end.

TURNOVER
Turnover  recovered  well  despite  the  tail  end  of 
supportive  terms  to  customers,  and  brands  and 
manufacturers  still  being  impacted  in  the  Smart 
Machines  vertical  by  C19.  Turnover  significantly 
improved 
(2021:  £8.37m,  2020: 
£16.28m)  being  c.  81%  of  pre-pandemic  levels  and 
demonstrating  a  healthy  recovery  in  both  operating 
verticals we currently serve.

to  £13.22m 

3950

3850

3750

3650

3550

3450

3350

3250

3150

3050

2950

2850

3000

2000

1000

0

-1000

RECURRING REVENUE
Group  contracted  recurring  revenue  base  remains 
very  robust  and  has  been  strengthened  by  several 
new 3-5 year contracts both from new customers and 
contract renewals.   

2,363

Mar-19

Mar-20

Mar-21

Mar-22

(687)

Despite some headwinds from the tail end of support 
terms for customers emerging from the pandemic and 
stock  premium  costs,  solid  management  delivered 
robust gross margins at c. 63% (FY2021: 60%, FY2020: 
68%).

As  is  required,  the  Board  has  considered  “Going 
Concern”  and  concluded  we  have  sufficient  cash 
and  reserves  to  get  through  the  12  months  post  the 
signing date of the statutory accounts with associated 
renewed  bank  facilities.  Going  Concern  is  covered  in 
more detail in the Report of the Directors.

In  this  transitional  year  recovering  from  the  impact 
of  C19,  operating  profit  per  unit  has  returned  to  a 
profitable level of £10.99 per device being 61% of the 
pre-pandemic FY2020 of £17.96.

Recurring  revenue  is  measured  by  taking  full  year 
revenue  from  service  packs,  licenses,  rentals  and 
technology upgrades, as per Note 3.  

TURNOVER (£’000)

15,683

16,282

13,215

8,369

18000

16000

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

Mar-19

Mar-20

Mar-21

Mar-22

Consolidated  recurring  revenue  across  the  two 
divisions  remained  robust  at  88%  (2021:  89%,  2020: 
92%),  being  sustained  by  both  new  and  renewed 
contracts  and  the  tail  end  of  contracted  variation  to 
terms to support our customers through the pandemic 
principally in Smart Zones.

Vianet Group plc 

9

Financial Review (continued)

TURNOVER - MAR 22

1,606,627

EXCEPTIONALS

FY2022	
‘£000	

FY2021	
‘£000	

FY2020
‘£000

People and office  
rationalisation 
61 
Network obsolescence costs  5 
Contingent consideration  
release 
Loan impairment 
Corporate Activity 
Other items 

(76) 
- 
127 
4 

Total 

121 

154 
8 

- 
- 
- 
182 

343 

415
50

(1,086)
200
311
109

(1)

Largely  comprising  of  staff  rationalisation  costs  and 
corporate activity reviews. 

DIVIDEND
As noted in the Chairman’s statement, the Board has 
delayed  the  re-introduction  of  a  dividend  in  the  year 
(2021: nil, 2020: 1.70 pence).

Dividend  cover  has  not  been  calculated  due  to  the 
dividend being delayed and a negative PBT. (2021: nil 
2020: circa 1.56). 

CASH

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

0

-500

-1000

-1500

-2000

-2500

-3000

-3500

CASH GENERATION (£’000)

4,233

2,037

2,397

Mar-19

Mar-20

1,052

Mar-21

Mar-22

NET CASH/(DEBT) (£’000)

Mar-19

Mar-20

Mar-21

Mar-22

(1,196)

(952)

(2,661)

(2,999)

11,608,581

Hardware

Recurring

The average recurring revenue per connected device 
has recovered to £54.02 (2021: £35.35, 2020: £59.18). 
being 91.3% of pre-pandemic levels.

AVERAGE RECURRING REVENUE PER DEVICE (£)

Mar-22

54.02

Mar-21

35.35

0

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

This  KPI  is  measured  by  taking  full  year  recurring 
revenue and dividing by the total number of connected 
devices at the year end.

PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
PBT  was  a  small  loss  of  £0.17m  (2021:  £2.82m  loss, 
2020:  £2.43m  profit)  being  a  material  improvement 
from  that  of  FY2021.  This  is  principally  due  to  the 
impact of the tail end of pandemic customer support 
measures in Smart Zones and some impact on brands 
and manufacturers in Smart Machines, together with 
amortisation  being  c£0.5m  higher  than  in  FY2021, 
without which would have delivered a small PBT profit. 
The table below shows the performance of the Group;

FY2022	

FY2021	

FY2020	

Change	

£13.22m 

£8.37m  £16.28m 

57.9%

Revenue 
Operating  
profit/(loss)(a) 
(Loss)/profit  
before tax 
Basic EPS 
Dividend per share 
Net debt (b) 

£2.36m 

(£0.69m) 

£4.03m 

(£0.17m) 
0.65p 
0p 
£3.00m 

(£2.82m) 
(6.75)p 
0p 
£2.66m 

£2.43m 
8.56p 
1.70p 
£0.95m 

(12.8%)

a) Pre-exceptional items, share based payments and amortisation 

b) Refer to note 25

10 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
 
Net cash generation pre-working capital movements was 
an inflow of £2.74m (2021: £0.34m outflow, 2020: £3.72m 
inflow), impacted by the strong recovery in results. 

Working  capital  was  closely  managed  noting  the 
impact of semi-conductor supply and stock premium 
costs  together  with  inflationary  pressures,  which 
delivered  a  contained  and  managed  working  capital 
generation  outflow  of  £0.34m  (2021:  £1.39m  inflow, 
2020: £0.49m inflow) and has meant that after working 
capital  movements  there  was  an  operational  cash 
generation  of  £2.40m  (2021:  £1.05m,  2020:  £4.22m) 
which is c57% of pre-pandemic levels.  

The  cash  generated  was  principally  used  to  service 
varied terms for our customers particularly in Smart 
Zones and the tail end emergence from C19, full year 
investment in our sales capability in Smart Machines 
and  continued  investment  in  R&D  and  servicing  of 
borrowings.  This  resulted  in  an  overall  cash  outflow 
of £1.63m (2021: £1.51m inflow, 2020: £0.42m outflow 
noting 2021 benefitted from a £3.5m CBIL).

At  the  year  end,  pre-mortgage,  CBIL  and  previous 
acquisition loans, the Group had gross cash of £1.58 
million (2021: £1.89m, 2020: £1.73m) and net debt of 
£3.00 million (2021: £2.66m, 2020: £0.95m).   

C19
The  pressures  of  C19  largely  receded  into  H2  of  the 
year, notwithstanding the lower pub estate and impact 
on brands and manufacturing in Smart Machines and 
was to a degree replaced by the stock premium cost 
impacts in the year of over £250k. The performance, 
however, in the year was a strong recovery. With the 
cash and facilities we have, and the expected business 
plans we have developed over three indicative years, 
we believe we have solid cash runway forecasts well 
into 2023, which will underpin our business strategy 
and allow for our growth plans.  

The going concern section of the report of the Directors 
makes reference to C19 and some challenges already 
trailed, but based on known factors, the actions taken, 
and the facilities secured, we are well placed to build 
upon this year’s results with momentum.

DIVISIONAL PERFORMANCE
Currently 
the  Smart  Zones  division  principally 
consists  of  the  core  beer  monitoring  and  insight 
business services (including the US). 

SMART ZONES

FY2022	

FY2021	

FY2020

Turnover 
£7.83m 
Operating profit(a) 
£2.99m 
Profit/(loss) before tax  £2.23m 
166,804 
Connected devices 
New site installations  
252 
YE Net premises(b) 
iDraught penetration(b) 

£3.95m  £11.06m
£4.57m
£0.50m 
£3.75m
(£0.02m) 
186,554
173,580 
151
61 
c. 10,122  c. 10,800  c. 11,900
26.6%

29.5% 

30.2% 

a) 

b) 

Pre-exceptional items, share based payments and amortisation

UK, USA and Europe

Turnover mix is shown below with recurring revenue 
being 96% (2021: 92%, 2020: 98%).

SMART ZONES TURNOVER (£) - MAR 22

Hardware  344,299

Recurring  7,487,003

Hardware

Recurring

Recurring  revenue  per  device  has  improved  as  we 
emerged  from  C19  to  £44.89  (2021:  £21.06,  2020: 
£58.00) which is 77.4% of pre-pandemic levels.

AVERAGE RECURRING REVENUE PER DEVICE (£)

Mar-22

44.89

Mar-21

21.06

0

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

Average operating profitability per device is measured 
by taking full year operating profit before amortisation, 
share  based  payments  and  exceptional  items  and 
dividing by the total number of connected devices at 
the year end.

The  recovery  has  seen  average  adjusted  operating 
profit  per  device  in  the  year  return  to  £17.93  (2021: 
£2.90, 2020: £19.39) which is 92.5% of pre-pandemic 
performance  reflective  of  the  cost  management 
during the year.

Vianet Group plc 

11

	
 
Financial Review (continued)

AVERAGE OPERATING PROFIT PER DEVICE (£)

Mar-22

17.93

Mar-21

2.90

0

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00 18.00 20.00

The division has recovered well and ahead of what was 
expected at the outset of the year demonstrating both 
the customer engagement for the services we provided 
and the resilience of the revenue model. The net estate 
at  the  year-end  was  circa  10,100  sites  (UK  &  Europe) 
versus  last  year’s  c.  10,500  (excluding  USA),  the 
reduction stemming from disposals and C19 impact.

Despite this, we were able to maintain a small Smart 
Zones  operating  profit  of  £2.99m  (2021:  £0.50m, 
2020:  £4.57m),  which  was  65.4%  of  pre-pandemic 
performance.

SMART MACHINES

The  Smart  Machines  division  consists  of  telemetry 
insights  and  monitoring,  and  contactless  payment 
predominantly in the unattended vending retail and coffee 
sector, as well as ERP and mobile connectivity services.

Turnover  
Operating profit (a) 
Profit before tax (b) 
New Telemetry  
|connections 
New Contactless  
connections 
YE Net estate (c) 

FY2022	

FY2021	

FY2020

£5.38m 
£1.82m 
£1.59m 

£4.42m 
£1.11m 
£0.69m 

£5.22m
£1.53m
£2.09m

2,275 

2,311 

3,111

10,620 
c48,179 

4,904 

8,948
c38,000      c38,000

a) Pre-exceptional items, share based payments and amortisation on a continuing basis.

b) FY2022 includes £0.76m of deferred consideration release (2021: £nil, 2020: £1.09m)

c) Excludes circa 180,000 Vendman connections.  

Turnover mix is shown in the chart below. Recurring 
revenues  were  77%  of  turnover  (2021:  86%,  2020:  c. 
80%)  reflecting  the  revenue  mix  being  more  capex 
sales this year.

SMART MACHINES TURNOVER (£) - MAR 22

Hardware
1,262,328

Recurring 4,121,577

Hardware

Recurring

Despite some hangover from the pandemic, in particular 
on  office  city  centre  re-opening  pace  and  brands  and 
manufacturers taking some time to fully recover, new 
contactless connections in our Smart Machines division 
continued to be achieved with 10,620 new contactless 
devices  compared  to  4,904  last  year,  116.6%  growth. 
The  estate  figures  reflect  the  net  movement  shown 
above  which  also  includes  some  customers  refining 
their estates in light of the pandemic. 

AVERAGE RECURRING REVENUE PER DEVICE (£)

Mar-22

85.55

Mar-21

101.34

0

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

Average  recurring  revenue  per  device  was  £85.55 
(2021: £101.34, 2020: £64.40), lower than last year but 
above  pre-pandemic  levels.  This  is  a  direct  result  of 
revenue mix where we had more bias towards capex 
sales  in  the  year  alongside  some  estate  refinement 
which would impact recurring revenue overall levels. 
As stated previously, this is an evolving growth story, 
with  overall  turnover  and  profit  growth  trends  being 
driven  by  increased  penetration  of  our  contactless 
solutions and so these measures will flex each year.

AVERAGE OPERATING PROFIT PER DEVICE (£)

Mar-22

37.73

Mar-21

29.34

0

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

Profit per device improved to £37.73 (2021: £29.34, 2020: 
£40.32)  being  93.6%  of  pre-pandemic  performance. 
While overall profit is ahead of FY2020 it must be noted 
that  we  invested  heavily  in  a  new  sales  commercial 
team in FY2021 and as such FY2022 has the full year 
impact of that which did not exist in FY2020, hence the 
overall profit per device being lower, noting also some 
of the larger contracts won are at keener prices which 
does impact overall profitability.  

Taxation
The Group has continued to utilise available tax losses 
during  the  year  resulting  in  no  tax  being  paid  (2021, 
£nil, 2020: £nil). The Group will continue to utilise the 
available tax losses carried forward into FY2022 which 
will  have  been  modestly  enhanced  due  to  the  small 
PBT loss posted for the year. In the financial year under 
review,  the  tax  line  includes  a  deferred  tax  credit  of 

12 

Vianet Group plc

 
 
 
	
£0.36m (2021, £0.87m, 2020: £0.03m) recognising the 
impact  of  the  tax  losses  available  and  being  utilised. 
See note 20 for further detail on the deferred tax asset. 

Earnings per share
Basic  EPS  was  0.65  pence  (2021:  6.75p  loss,  2020: 
8.56p positive). This reflects the step forward in results. 

Balance sheet and cash flow
The Group balance sheet remains resilient despite the 
impact of the pandemic and addition of the CBIL facility.

The Group generated operating cash flow pre working 
capital of £2.74m (2021: £0.34m outflow, 2020 £3.72m) 
being 69.4% of pre-pandemic performance.

Post working capital outflow of £0.34m (2021: £1.39m 
inflow,  2020:  £0.49m  inflow)  the  Group  generated 
operating  cash  flow  of  £2.40m  (2021:  £1.05m,  2020: 
£4.22m)  being  56.9%  of  pre-pandemic  performance. 
Working capital was impacted by the stock premium 
costs we have referred to.

The cash generated was used to continue the Group’s 
technology plans and to service borrowings.

At the year-end, the Group had borrowings of £4.58m 
(2021:  £4.57m,  2020:  £1.33m),  including  the  CBIL 
facility and overdraft, with net debt of £3.00m (2021: 
£2.66m,  2020:  £0.95  m).  The  Vendman  acquisition 
loan  of  £2.0m  was  fully  paid  off  in  April  2022  which 
has reduced our outgoings by £125k per quarter.

Our  resilient  balance  sheet  and  capacity  to  generate 
cash provides the Company with a solid base to build on 
the platform of FY2022 results to pursue the significant 
growth opportunities that have been identified.

Key performance indicators

Percentage of revenue from recurring income streams1 
Gross Margin2 
Employee Turnover3 

Notes to KPIs

Business risk
The  Board  and  senior  management  review  business 
risk two to three times per year. Naturally, over the last 
two years C19 and its impact pushed the ramifications 
of  that  to  the  top  of  the  list  and  we  covered  a  lot  of 
that  in  last  years’  Report  and  Accounts  and  the 
pathway  out  of  C19  has  been  well  documented.  The 
Directors had considered the areas of potential risk in 
assessing the Group’s prospects. On the basis of their 
review, and having considered various factors such as 
market conditions, stock supply and premium costs, 
emergence  from  C19,  financial  plans  and  approved 
bank  facilities,  they  believe  that  the  business  is  of 
sound  financial  footing  and  has  a  forward  looking 
sustainable  operating  future.  In  particular,  they 
note that the business has achieved a good recovery 
financially  in  the  year  despite  noting  some  of  the 
hurdles  they  have  faced,  set  against  overall  market 
confidence in liquidity and credit.

In addition to previous C19 comments, the Directors 
consider that material business risks are limited to:

• 

• 

 The ongoing impact of well publicised headwinds 
in the pub retailing market.

 The  potential  for  a  cyber  security  breach 
where  data  security  is  compromised  resulting 
in  unauthorised  access  to  information  which 
is  sensitive  and/or  proprietary  to  Vianet  or  its 
customers. This threat is in common with most 
technology businesses, however both short term 
and  long-term  mitigation  plans  are  in  place. 
Payment  Card  Industry  Data  Security  Standard 
(PCI DSS - Level 1) highest level of compliance 
has already been achieved to support the Group’s 
contactless payment solutions and by May 2022 
all on premise servers are in the cloud.

• 

 Supply  chain  strains  in  the  semi-conductor 
market and stock premium costs.

Target	

80% 
70% 
2% 

Actual	
2022	

88% 
63% 
3.5% 

Actual	
2021	

89% 
61% 
2.29% 

Actual
2020

92%
68%
2.1%

1  Percentage of revenue from recurring income streams = recurring income streams as a percentage of all income streams. Group trading companies 
aim to increase shareholder value through growth in revenue, linked to profitability (see Gross Margin below). Source data is taken from management 
information. The recurring contractual nature of the Company’s income stream has led to continued improvement in performance versus target. The 
achievement of this target depends on the mix of new hardware sales versus on going recurring revenue.

2  Gross Margin = Gross profit as a percentage of revenue. Group trading companies aim to generate sufficient profit for both distribution to shareholders 

and re-investment in the Company, as measured by Gross Margin. 

3  Employee Turnover = Gross trading companies aim to be seen as a good, attractive employer with positive values and career prospects, measured 
against internal People and Development reports. In addition to normal employee turnover, the figure also includes employees leaving as a result 
of business rationalisation activity.

Vianet Group plc 

13

	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS

The Directors present their report and the audited financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2022.

Business Risk
Business risk is discussed in the Chief Executive’s report pages 5 to 13.

Going Concern
In our reports for FY2021 and H1 2022, the Chairman provided full insight into responding to our approach to COVID19 
and our position on Going Concern which has proved valid and remains pertinent.

The Directors, after having made appropriate enquiries, including (but not limited to) a review of the Group’s budget 
for 2022/2023, and cash generating capacity at least 12 months from the date of signing (underpinned by long term 
contracts in place and historical results), renewal of bank facilities and support which was renewed to 31 May 2023 
with a bank support note stating there was no reason why facilities would not be renewed beyond this date, have a 
reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable 
future. For this reason, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

The financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis which the directors believe to be appropriate for the 
following reasons.

Current Trading
• 

 The Group made an operating profit of £2.36 million for the year to March 2022. The underlying group retains 
a strong track record of earnings and cash growth as demonstrated in the table below. COVID19 has obviously 
impacted FY21 but as government measures were relaxed in the beginning of FY22, we have delivered a credible 
result to build from in what may be considered more normalised trading.

Vianet	Group	plc	

March	2022	

March	2021	

March	2020	

March	2019	

March	2018

Turnover (£’000) 
Recurring Revenue % 
Operating Profit (£’000) 
Cash Generation (£’000) * 
Cash Generation (£’000) ** 
Basic EPS (p) 
Dividend Cover (PAT) 

13,215 
88.0 
2,363 
2,738 
2,397 
0.65 
N/A 

8,369 
89.0 
(687) 
(341) 
1,052 
(6.75) 
N/A 

16,282 
92.0 
4,030 
3,739 
4,233 
8.56 
N/A 

15,683 
94.0 
3,855 
3,990 
2,036 
8.87 
1.23 

14,561
90.0
3,621
3,523
2,974
6.55
1.16

* operational cash generation pre working capital movements (stock, debtors and creditors).
** operational cash generation post working capital movements and LTIP tax payment

• 

• 

• 

14 

The Group has bank facilities up to £1.5 million of which £1.3 million is utilised at the year end, outstanding 
loans of £3.3 million, and cash on hand of £1.6 million as at 31 March 2022. The Group took advantage of the 
Government supported CBIL scheme in securing a £3.5 million loan in FY2021 to ensure the impact of COVID19 
was managed and allow for continued investment. Also please refer to Net Debt table in note 25. The Directors 
assume that renewal of facilities will take place in May 2023 with the incumbent bank, albeit have indicative 
offers from other institutions and consider the Group to be able to access similar funding requirements at that 
time, as Net debt is forecast to be significantly lower by May 2023 than it was in any of the two previous years.

The Directors have prepared prudent forecasts through to March 2023, built from the detailed Board approved 
FY23  budget.  Further  forecasts  through  to  March  2025  have  also  been  prepared.  The  forecasts  include  a 
number  of  assumptions  in  relation  to  sales  volume,  pricing,  margin  impact  and  potential  new  avenues  of 
business. These forecasts have been extended to March 25 as noted, to ensure the forecast period covers 12 
months from signing the financial statements.

The Group’s trading and cash flow forecasts have been prepared on the basis of assumptions based on more 
normalised trading post COVID19, underpinned by historical performance noted above.

Vianet Group plc

The Groups cash flow forecast and projections, show that the Group will be able to operate within the level of its 
facilities for at least the next 12 months.

COVID19
COVID19 is an unprecedented business interruption event impacting business and economies globally that has had a 
material impact on our trading performance in FY2021 and certainly in the early months of FY2022.

The emergence from COVID19 in the year, and what is considered the minimal impact into FY23 has been separately 
considered and acted upon, as part of the Directors consideration of the going concern basis of preparation. In any 
downside scenario analysis performed, the Directors have considered the potential impact of COVID19 alongside the 
proactive actions implemented, in its trading and, in particular, cash forecasts. Over the last two years, the Board has 
taken a number of key steps and reviews in those cash projections as follows;

1) 

2) 

3) 

4) 

5) 

6) 

7) 

8) 

9) 

Pro-actively worked with its customers to vary their business trading terms during the mandatory lockdown 
periods,  in  both  trading  divisions,  where  such  varied  terms  are  appropriate.  In  so  doing,  the  majority  of 
customers have agreed to these terms which provides a level of certainty regarding revenue and cash coming 
into the business

Trading terms have now reverted to normal terms post the end of the mandatory lockdown periods

Cash forecasting based on a normalised trading economy post COVID19

Company cash and bank facilities 

Overlay of opportunities won or likely to be won above those scenario reviews

Trade receivable receipts post 31 March 2023

Shareholder dividend has been delayed for the forthcoming Final dividend due in July 2022 and a view will be 
taken on any interim dividend when we see the outcome of trading and the impact of semi-conductor supply 
challenges settling down during FY2022

Three-year business plan

Loan and mortgage payments being paid to terms reducing by over £1 million by April 2023

10)  Business running costs refined and reviewed as appropriate

Based  on  the  hospitality  recovery  during  FY2022  and  the  opening  of  society  fully,  we  have  a  strong  degree  of 
confidence  about  the  hospitality  sector  resilience  and  growth  assuming  no  further  national  lockdowns,  added  to 
which the ongoing demise of cash in society will continue to present growth opportunities for our Vending telemetry 
insight and contactless payment division. 

The combination of all actions taken provide Vianet with a clear cash runway well into 2023, noting there are further 
mitigating operational actions we can take that have not been factored in, thereby allowing the company to build on 
the results posted this year, with market opportunities that clearly exist in the verticals it serves, particularly for 
Contactless growth.

As  a  result  of  the  above  principal  factors,  the  Board  consider  the  Group  has  adequate  resources  to  continue  in 
operational existence for at least 12 months from the date of signing these accounts. Thus, they continue to adopt 
the going concern basis in preparing the annual financial statements. The Board does recognise, however, COVID19 
has not completely gone away and currently provides a low level of uncertainty, and as such, dependent on any future 
government intervention, there is a small level of uncertainty associated with any forecasts and their duration, which 
could cast some doubt on our cash position beyond the minimum 12 months currently forecast from date of signing, 
pre any further action we may seek to take which is referenced.

Vianet Group plc 

15

Report of the Directors (continued)

Statement by the Directors in performance of their statutory duties in accordance with s172(1) 
Companies Act 2006
The Board of Directors of Vianet Group plc consider that, individually and collectively, they have acted in the way 
which in good faith would be most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its stakeholders, 
employees,  customers,  suppliers,  local  government  and  communities  in  accordance  with  the  stakeholder  and 
matters noted in S172(1)(a-f) of the Act in the decisions taken during the year reported on, having regard to;

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

The likely consequences of any decision in the long term

The interests of the Company’s employees

The need to foster the Company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others

The need to regularly communicate with our Investor community

The impact of the Company’s operations on the community and the environment

The desirability of the Company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct, 

The need to act fairly as between members of the Company

The Board undertook a share buyback programme during the year in addition to which bank facilities were renewed 
through to 31 May 2023 with indicative support well beyond that date.

The Board looked to promote the success of the Company, having regard to the long term, whilst taking into account 
the interests of all stakeholders. Our strategy is designed to secure the long-term financial viability of the Company 
to the benefit of its members and all stakeholders. A main feature of this is to continue to operate the business within 
tight budgetary controls and in line with regulatory requirements. This was done in particular by reference to:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

our well documented response to the Covid-19 pandemic

our continued and ongoing communication with our employees

our continued and ongoing communication with our investor community

our continued priority for health and safety improvement measured through ongoing risk assessments, the 
KPIs on incidents and enhancement to health and safety across the business

our continued review towards environmental compliance and protection

the approval of our strategic objectives (‘our strategy’) for the Company

the business plan for the next financial year (‘our plan’)

the approval of terms to enter into significant contracts

We  engage  with  stakeholders  through  regular  meetings  and  dialogue  with  employees,  customers,  suppliers  and 
investors. We undertake customer satisfaction surveys, employee Best Company engagement survey (retaining top 
end of the 1 star rating) and host regular live employee Q&A sessions.

Our response to the Covid-19 pandemic involved considering and engaging with a number of stakeholder groups in 
order to ensure we pivoted towards our customers and their needs, the absolute safety of our employees enabling 
work in Covid secure environments which includes regular fogging sanitisation of our building, suppliers (amongst 
others), whilst maintaining the continuance of our essential services, with a backdrop of staying true to our values 
and safeguarding the future long-term health of our business.

Other key actions including delaying the dividend are covered in the Chairman’s and CEO report.

16 

Vianet Group plc

The  Board  continually  recognises  that  our  employees  are  fundamental  to  the  success  of  the  Company  and  the 
delivery of our plan and we are proud of how they have engaged over the last two very challenging year’s. We aim to be 
a responsible employer in our approach to the pay and benefits our employees receive. The health, safety and well-
being of our employees is of primary concern in the way we do business and is monitored extensively by the Board.

As the Board of Directors, our intention is to behave responsibly to all stakeholders and to ensure that management 
operate the business in a responsible manner, operating within the high standards of business conduct and good 
governance expected for a business such as ours. Acting in this way will contribute to the delivery of our plan.

As the Board of Directors, our intention is also to make decisions which lead to the long-term success of the Company 
whilst  behaving  responsibly  towards  our  Shareholders,  treating  them  fairly  and  equally,  so  they  benefit  from  the 
successful delivery of our strategy and plan.

Financial Instruments
Information about the use of financial instruments by the company and its subsidiaries and the Group’s financial risk 
management policies is given in note 19. 

Environment
The Group recognises the important role it plays in the environment and communities within which it operates. The 
health,  safety  and  wellbeing  of  our  employees,  compliance  with  regulations  and  monitoring  of  energy  usage  are 
important business priorities for the Group. Vianet is committed to conducting its business operations in an open 
and responsible manner and we recognise the need to continually improve our operations where practical to do so, 
to reduce our impact on the environment; to continuously improve assets and processes; to ensure the safety and 
welfare of our employees; and to act as a good neighbour, minimising the impact of our operations on the wider 
community.

The Company is not defined as a large company required to meet the full reporting required under the Streamlined 
Energy and Carbon Reporting (SECR) needs. That said, however, the company recognizes SECR and environmental 
objectives are an important matter to continually seek to address.

The company is not directly involved in manufacturing - we are a people based global business operating from one 
UK head office. As a company, however, we have embarked on an ESG programme that involved assessing how our 
office we operate from influences the environment and what actions we can take to improve that impact.

A full external audit was undertaken which in summary confirmed we consume in the region of 300,000 KWH or 
energy a year, or c66 tonnes of carbon.

We have at the time of writing implemented a number of actions including tendering for a grant assisted solar project 
that together with other initiatives would see that carbon consumption figure reduce to around 20 tonnes per annum 
from somewhere around April 2023, assuming the projects all get completed in that time scale.

Further work beyond those initiatives will then be undertaken to demonstrate how our products and services reduce 
the carbon footprint significantly for some of our customer base, and these factors will help us determine by when 
we can be confident of being a net zero carbon user.

The  Group’s  policy  with  regard  to  the  environment  today,  and  in  particular  Health  and  Safety  requirements,  is  to 
ensure that the Group’s operational subsidiaries understand and effectively operate in such a way that they comply 
with  all  the  legal  requirements  relating  to  the  health  and  safety  environments  in  which  they  operate.  During  the 
period  covered  by  this  report,  no  Group  company  has  incurred  any  fine  or  penalties  or  been  investigated  for  any 
breach of health and safety regulations.

Vianet Group plc 

17

Report of the Directors (continued)

Employees
The Group places great importance on the involvement of its employees, the majority of whom are able to work closely 
with their managers on a daily basis. Employees are encouraged to be involved in the Group’s performance through 
regular performance management, live Q&A company-wide sessions and in the adoption of an open door policy of 
engagement. Employees have frequent opportunities to meet and have discussions with management. The Group 
aims to keep employees regularly informed of the financial and economic factors affecting the performance of the 
Group and its objectives in part through the Group intranet and website and in part through regular communication. 
The  Group  engages  the  Best  Companies  engagement  survey  as  an  external  accredited  benchmark  for  employee 
engagement and in the year being reported on we retained our 1 star company being only c11% points of a 2 star 
company (out of an accreditation range of 1 – 3 stars).

The quality and commitment of our people overall has continued to play a major role in our business performance, 
despite  several  changes  in  personnel  in  the  previous  12  months.  This  has  been  demonstrated  in  many  ways, 
including  improvements  in  employee  engagement  survey,  customer  satisfaction,  contract  gains  and  contained 
financial performance in light of the pandemic, the development of customer offering and the flexibility they have 
shown in adapting to changing business requirements and new ways of working. Employees’ performance is aligned 
to company goals through an annual performance review process that is carried out with all employees. Employee 
turnover was 3.5% on average per month, above the target of 2% we have set.

The Group’s policy is that, where it is reasonable and practicable within existing legislation, all employees, including 
disabled persons, are treated in the same way in matters relating to employment, training and career development. 
We adopt an equal opportunities approach.

Research and Development
The  Group  has  a  continuing  commitment  to  levels  of  research  and  investment  in  ensuring  systems  are  at  the 
forefront of customer needs to ensure future growth. During the year expenditure on research and development was 
£1,975,000 (2021: £2,312,000, 2020: £1,941,000) all of which has been capitalised as an asset on the balance sheet 
(2021: £2,312,000, 2020: £1,941,000).

Dividends
No final dividend will be paid this year (2021: final nil, 2020: final nil), taking the full year dividend to nil (2021: nil, 
2020: 1.70p).

Capital Structure
Details of the authorised and issued share capital, together with details of the movements in the company’s issued 
share capital during the year are shown in note 21. The company has one class of ordinary shares which carry no 
right to fixed income. Each share carries the right to one vote at general meetings of the company. The company 
cancelled down 146,500 shares at a cost of c£127k, average 85.98p per share during the year, leaving number of 
shares in issue at 28,808,914. Also 2,000 share options were exercised during the year.

There are no specific restrictions on the size of a holding nor on the transfer of shares, which are both governed by 
the general provisions of the Articles of Association and prevailing legislation.

The  Directors  are  not  aware  of  any  agreements  between  holders  of  the  company’s  shares  that  may  result  in 
restrictions on the transfer of securities or on voting rights.

Details of employee share schemes are set out in note 23 and no person has any special rights of control over the 
company’s share capital and all issued shares are fully paid.

Directors’ Indemnity
Qualifying third party indemnity provisions are in force for the benefit of the directors.

18 

Vianet Group plc

Directors and their interests
The current directors of the company are shown below.

Those directors serving at the end of the period had interests in the share capital of the company at 31 March as 
follows:

J W Dickson 
M H Foster 
C Williams 
D Coplin 

Directors’ emoluments
Details of Directors’ emoluments for the year are as follows:

Ordinary	
shares	of	
10p	each	
2022	

5,054,981 
343,050 
20,250 
7,500 

Ordinary
shares	of
10p	each
2021

5,054,981
343,050
20,250
7,500

Executive 
S W Darling 
M H Foster 

Non-executive 
J W Dickson (acting CEO) 
C Williams 
D Coplin 

Total 

Salary	
and	
	fees	
2022	
	£’000	

Other	
emoluments	
2022	
£’000	

Total	
emoluments	
2022	
£’000	

Salary
and	
fees	
2021	
	£’000	

Other	
emoluments	
2021	
£’000	

Total
emoluments
2021
£’000

- 
221 

213 
32 
32 

498 

- 
39 

- 
- 
- 

39 

- 
260 

213 
32 
32 

537 

404 
189 

214 
29 
30 

866 

12 
34 

- 
- 
- 

46 

416
223

214
29
30

912

1.  Executive remuneration is determined by the remuneration committee consisting of non-executive Directors C 
Williams, D Coplin and J W Dickson. Director remuneration is externally benchmarked to ensure it is appropriate 
for the roles the directors undertake.

2.  S W Darling resigned on 23 February 2021.

3.  A payment of £187,000 was recognised in respect of S W Darling’s notice period.

4.  A payment of nil was paid to S W Darling in respect of compensation for loss of office (2021: £30,000, 2020: Nil)

5.  Other emoluments received consist of the provision for private medical care, motor car allowances and pension 

contributions.

6.  Whilst acting as Chairman and Interim CEO, J W Dickson’s remuneration for FY2023 has been set at £209,400 per 

annum instead of Chairman’s fee plus additional days.

7.  C William’s fees for 2021 were paid to MCHD Investments Limited, a company of which he is a Director.

8.  D Coplin’s fees for 2021 were paid to The Envisioners Limited, a company of which he is a Director.

9.  Pension contributions represent payments made to defined contribution schemes. Payments made are disclosed 

within other emoluments. Non-executive Directors are not entitled to retirement benefits.

10. The company does not have a formal policy for directors notice periods, they are in line with best practice for an 

AIM listed business.

11. M H Foster has c17 years’ service, J W Dickson 19 years’ service, C Williams 9 years’ service, D Coplin 5 years’ 

service.

Vianet Group plc 

19

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of the Directors (continued)

Directors’ share options
Details of the share options held by Directors are as follows:

M H Foster 

At	
1	April	
2021	

135,000 
124,000 
100,000 

At
31	March	
2022	

135,000 
124,000 
100,000 

	Option
	price	

Date	granted

85.0p 

May 2014
103.0p  December 2015
February 2021

72.0p 

Share options are exercisable between nil and ten years from the date of the grant.

No options have been exercised by Directors in the current or prior year.

The market price of the Company’s shares at the end of the financial year was 87.5p and the range of market prices 
during the year was between 117.5p and 73.5p.

Long Term Incentive Plan
Vianet  adopted  a  new  LTIP  scheme  on  17  December  2015.  On  21  December  2015,  awards  were  granted  to  five 
members of staff, who each had a percentage entitlement in the overall awards pool. Further detail is provided on 
page 70. The LTIP scheme remains in place for one member of staff. No awards were made during the year.

Substantial Shareholdings
The Company has been informed that on 10 May 2022 the following shareholders (excluding Directors) held substantial 
holdings of the issued ordinary shares of the company:

Gresham House plc 
Liontrust Asset Management 
AXA SA 
Interactive Investor Trading 
Hargreaves Lansdown plc 
Canaccord Genuity 
City Asset Management 
Teviot Partners LLP 

Holding	of	
	Ordinary	shares	
Number	

Issued
Share	capital
%

5,047,286 
2,465,942 
1,716,000 
1,529,097 
1,207,245 
1,017,078 
1,010,130 
923,470 

17.52%
8.56%
5.96%
5.31%
4.19%
3.53%
3.51%
3.21%

Annual General Meeting
The Annual General Meeting will be held on 13 July 2022 at 11.00am, at the offices of Vianet Group plc, One Surtees 
Way, Surtees Business Park, Stockton on Tees, TS18 3HR

Post Balance Sheet Events
No post balance sheet events were noted.

20 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Directors’ responsibilities for the financial statements
The  directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  annual  report  and  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
applicable law and regulations. 

Company  law  requires  the  directors  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  each  financial  year.  Under  that  law  the 
directors  have  elected  to  prepare  the  group  and  company  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  UK  adopted 
International  Accounting  Standards,  (‘IFRS’)  in  conformity  with  the  requirements  of  Companies  Act  2006.  Under 
company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true 
and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and company and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. 
The directors are also required to prepare financial statements in accordance with the rules of the London Stock 
Exchange for companies trading securities on AIM. 

In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

• 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently

•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent

• 

• 

state  whether  they  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK  adopted  international  accounting  standards 
(IFRS) in conformity with the requirements of Companies Act 2006, subject to any material departures disclosed 
and explained in the financial statements

prepare  the  financial  statements  on  the  going  concern  basis  unless  it  is  inappropriate  to  presume  that  the 
company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
company’s  transactions  and  disclose  with  reasonable  accuracy  at  any  time  the  financial  position  of  the  company 
and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 
They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Website publication
The directors are responsible for ensuring the annual report and the financial statements are made available on a 
website. Financial statements are published on the company’s website in accordance with legislation in the United 
Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements, which may vary from legislation in 
other jurisdictions. The maintenance and integrity of the company’s website is the responsibility of the directors. The 
directors’ responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the financial statements contained therein.

Auditor
BDO  LLP  has  indicated  its  willingness  to  continue  in  office.  A  resolution  for  its  re-appointment  as  independent 
auditor will be proposed at the AGM.

Approval
The report of the Directors was approved by the Board on 13 June 2022 and signed on its behalf by:

Mark Foster
Director

Vianet Group plc 

21

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT

General Principle
The QCA Code
The Company has adopted the QCA Code in compliance with Aim Rule 26. A very in depth explanation on how Vianet 
complies with the Code and the ten principles of the Code and how the Company addresses these can be found on 
the Company Investor website link noted below;

https://vianetplc.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2022.03.16-VNET-Corporate-Governance-Statement-.pdf

We  summarise  the  key  Corporate  Governance  features  below  and,  in  addition,  we  further  comment  on  certain 
principles of the Code as follows;

Principle 1: Establish a strategy and business model which promotes long terms value for 
stakeholders
Narrative covering the strategy and business model of the Group is included in the Strategic Report to this Annual 
Report and Financial statements, include key challenges in their execution.

Principle 8: Promote a culture that is based on our values and behaviours 
The Board aims to lead by example and do what is in the best interests of the Company. The Group’s culture, values 
and  frameworks,  whereby  everyone  at  Vianet  collectively  and  individually  always  ‘seeks  to  do  the  right  thing’  for 
customers,  suppliers,  colleagues,  shareholders  and  other  stakeholders,  are  fundamental  to  delivering  business 
growth.

Living and breathing ‘doing the right thing’ not only underpins Vianet’s ethos and corporate governance but also the 
reputation for integrity and transparency, which is a key component of the Group’s solutions for customers. 

The Board ensures that the company has the means to determine that values are recognised and respected through 
its reward and recognition frameworks from performance and development review through to recognition awards 

Over  the  period,  general  positive  feedback  has  been  received  from  shareholders  in  relation  to  the  management. 
There have been no other key governance matters to report during the year.

The Board
The below disclosures in respect of the makeup of the Board are considered to comply with Principle 5: Maintain the 
board as a well-functioning balanced team led by the Chair:

The Board currently consists of one Executive and three Non-Executive Directors as follows:

Executive Directors
M H Foster (Chief Financial Officer and Company Secretary)

Non-Executive Directors
J W Dickson (Chairman/Interim CEO)
C Williams
D Coplin

All Directors have access to the advice and services of the Company Secretary.

There is a clear division of responsibilities between the Chairman, who is responsible for the running of the Board, 
and  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  who,  together  with  the  other  Executive  Director,  are  responsible  for  running  the 
business. At the current time, the Chairman is acting as the stand-in CEO, supported by the CFO.

22 

Vianet Group plc

The Board meets regularly, with no less than eight meetings planned over 10 days in any one calendar year. All Board 
members attended each meeting that was planned in the year.

Each Director is provided with sufficient information to enable them to consider matters in good time for meetings 
and enable them to discharge their duties properly. There is a formal schedule of matters reserved for Board approval. 
In principle the Board agrees the Group business plan, determines overall Group Strategy, acquisition, investment, 
people and development and health and safety policies, as well as approval for major items of capital expenditure.

The Directors continually ensure they are trained in association with duties and responsibilities of being a Director 
of a listed Company.

To add further detail in support of the QCA code;

Principle 6: Ensure that between them the Directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills 
and capabilities 
The Board is satisfied that, between the Directors, it has an effective and appropriate balance of skills and experience, 
including in the areas of IOT, b2b, software as a service, finance, innovation, international trading, ecommerce and 
marketing. All Directors receive regular and timely information on the Group’s operational and financial performance. 
Relevant  information  is  circulated  to  the  Directors  in  advance  of  meetings.  The  business  reports  monthly  on  its 
headline performance against its agreed budget, and the Board reviews the monthly update on performance and any 
significant variances are reviewed at each meeting. 

All Directors retire by rotation at regular intervals in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association. 

Appointment, removal and re-election of Directors 
The Board makes decisions regarding the appointment and removal of Directors, and there is a formal, rigorous 
and transparent procedure for appointments. The Company’s Articles of Association require that one-third of the 
Directors must stand for re-election by shareholders annually in rotation; that all Directors must stand for re-election 
at least once every three years; and that any new Directors appointed during the year must stand for election at the 
AGM immediately following their appointment. 

Mark Foster, Chief Financial Officer, and David Coplin, NED retired by rotation this year and, being eligible for re-
election were re-appointed to the Board at the AGM on 13 July 2022. 

Independent advice 
All  Directors  are  able  to  take  independent  professional  advice  in  the  furtherance  of  their  duties,  if  necessary,  at 
the Company’s expense. In addition, the Directors have direct access to the advice and services of the Mark Foster, 
Company Secretary and Chief Financial Officer who in turn may refer directly to the Group’s advisors, in particular 
the company lawyers and auditors.

The Company Secretary is responsible for ensuring that the Board procedures are followed and that the Company 
complies with all applicable rules and regulations, governing its operation

The Board and senior management from time to time seek advice on significant matters from external advisers. 
These advisers include, amongst others, the Company’s nominated adviser and broker, public relations, external 
auditors, legal advisers, capital advisory services and remuneration advisory services. 

The independent non-executive Directors being James Dickson (Chairman), currently interim CEO, Chris Williams 
and David Coplin, bring an independent judgement to the management of the Group. They are free from any business 
or other relationships which could interfere with the exercise of their judgement. The non-executive Directors fulfil 
a key role in corporate accountability.

Vianet Group plc 

23

Corporate Governance statement (continued)

The Board considers, after careful review, that the Non-Executive Directors bring an independent judgement to bear. 
In particular, the Board has considered the independence of James Dickson, Non-Executive Chairman, now interim 
CEO - who was CEO until 2013 and holds a shareholding of c17.5% and has concluded that his interests are fully 
aligned to shareholders.

The Board is satisfied that it has a suitable balance between independence on the one hand, and knowledge of the 
Company and markets on the other, to enable it to discharge its duties and responsibilities effectively. All Directors 
are encouraged to use their independent judgement and to challenge all matters, whether strategic or operational. 
The Chairman holds regular update meetings with each Director to ensure they are performing as they are required 
and comfortable that they are allowed to do so independently in an inclusive environment. During the year nine Board 
meetings took place including two two-day Performance & Strategy Reviews with senior management. All Board 
members attended all meetings. 

Key Board activities this year included: 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Input into our strategic priorities and accelerating the growth plan

Ongoing open dialogue with the investment community, including follow up meetings with the Chairman. 

Considered our financial and non-financial policies.

Discussed  the  Group’s  capital  structure  and  financial  strategy,  including  capital  investments,  shareholder 
returns and the dividend policy 

Reviewed  the  investment  justification  and  progress  of  the  Group’s  technology  platform  and  infrastructure 
development.

Discussed internal governance processes 

Reviewed the Group risk register 

Reviewed feedback from shareholders post full and half year results 

Ongoing review and monitoring of Health & Safety, GDPR and Cyber Security

Discussed and supported the Group’s response to the Coronavirus pandemic including a Going Concern review.

Time commitments and meetings attended by directors is available in the Company’s annual report however the 
Company’s Non-Executive Directors are expected to commit between 15-18 days per year to the Company and the 
Chairman is expected to commit at least 40 days per year to the Company, however as the Chairman has been acting 
as the Interim CEO since December 2020, a minimum of 4 days per week has been committed 

Directors’ conflict of interest 
The Company has effective procedures in place to monitor and deal with conflicts of interest. The Board is aware of 
the other commitments and interests of its Directors, and changes to these commitments and interests are reported 
to and, where appropriate, agreed with the rest of the Board. 

As regards evaluating Board performance, we adopt Principle 7 of the QCA code, noted below;

Principle 7: Evaluate Board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous 
improvement 
The Chairman assesses the individual contributions of each of the members of the team on an ongoing basis to 
ensure that: 

Their contribution is relevant and effective 

That they are committed 

Where relevant, they have maintained their independence 

- 

- 

- 

24 

Vianet Group plc

The chairman holds regular individual reviews with each board member to discuss matters reserved for the Board 
and matters impacting Board effectiveness.

The last internal Board effectiveness evaluation sought anonymous feedback from Directors and senior managers 
covering areas including structure & skills, operating effectiveness, quality & timeliness of information, and board 
development. This exercise identified a number of areas for positive action including a modest increase in the number 
of Board meetings from 6 to 9 comprising:

- 

- 

Two two-day Board meetings incorporating Performance & Strategy reviews with senior management attending

7 one day Board meetings. The majority of which have been online MS Teams meetings due to COVID

This resulted in greater exposure between management and Non-Executive Directors, and also enables the board to 
have more in depth discussions with more timely decision making and action. 

The evaluation also concluded that the Chairman, whilst occasionally direct, has an open, inclusive leadership style, 
demonstrates independence and objectivity, and has a strong understanding of the business.

The next Board Effectiveness Review is due in September 2023, when we intend to review the performance of the 
team as a unit to ensure that the members of the board collectively function in an efficient and productive manner

Board Committees
The Group has established a number of committees, details of which are set out below and all of which operate with 
defined Terms of Reference. All committees operate within those terms of reference and where appropriate pay due 
regard to the Companies risk register as needed in discharging the responsibilities of their roles.

As regards evaluating Board committees, we adopt Principle 10 of the QCA code, noted below;

Audit Committee
This consists of:

C Williams (Chairman)
J W Dickson
D Coplin

It meets at least twice in any year and is usually attended as a minimum by the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief 
Financial Officer, as well as the Group’s External Auditor. All members attended each meeting that occurred during 
the year.

The Audit Committee has terms of reference (which are available for inspection) to report on matters such as the 
Group’s annual accounts, interim reports, major accounting issues and developments, the appointment of external 
auditor and their fee, the objectivity of the auditor, the Group’s statement on internal control systems and the scope 
and findings of external audit.

The Audit Committee business covers Full and Interim audit results, review of half and full year results announcements, 
key audit findings and a review of the risk register. All of the Committee’s duties were discharged during the period by 
a review of all these business areas. An audit committee meeting was held on 8 June 2021 in respect of the full year 
results to 31 March 2021 with BDO LLP. An Audit Committee was held on 30 November 2021 for the half year results. 
The external auditors plan for the audit of these Group financial statements was approved and an Audit Committee 
meeting was held on 7 June 2022 to review and discuss the financial statements, including the external auditors 
detailed audit completion report including the consideration of key audit matters and risks. 

Vianet Group plc 

25

Corporate Governance statement (continued)

Remuneration Committee
This consists of:

D Coplin (Chairman)
J W Dickson
C Williams

The Remuneration Committee has terms of reference (which are available for inspection) and meets at least twice 
per year, reviewing and advising upon the remuneration and benefit packages of the Executive Directors and other 
senior  management.  The  remuneration  of  the  Chairman  and  non-executive  Directors  is  normally  decided  upon 
by the Board’s Executive Directors, however the Chairman’s remuneration for the additional responsibility on the 
interim  CEO  was  decided  by  the  non-executive  directors  and  the  CFO.  All  members  attended  each  meeting  that 
occurred during the year.

The Remuneration policy is to attract, retain and motivate high quality executives capable of achieving the Group’s 
objectives and thereby enhancing shareholder value.

The remuneration of the Executive Directors consists of a basic salary and benefits, performance related bonuses 
and share options. The non-Executive Directors are eligible for performance related share options. Information on 
Directors share interests, Directors remuneration & emoluments, Directors share options and share option schemes 
can be found above in the Report of the Directors on pages 19 and 20. 

Nominations Committee
This consists of:

J W Dickson (Chairman)
C Williams
D Coplin

The  Committee  has  met  two  times  during  the  course  of  the  year  with  particular  focus  on  senior  management 
structure. The Committee has terms of reference which are available for inspection. All members attended each 
meeting that occurred during the year.

Internal Control and Risk Management
The below disclosures in respect of the internal control and risk management are considered to comply with Principle 
4: Embed effective risk management, considering opportunities and threats, throughout the organisation:

The Board has overall responsibility for the Group’s system of internal control and for reviewing its effectiveness, and 
recognises these systems are designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of material loss.

The Board monitors risk through ongoing processes and provides assurance that the significant risks faced by the 
Group are being identified, evaluated and appropriately managed.

The main elements of the internal control systems are:

•  management structure with clearly identified responsibilities

• 

• 

• 

26 

budget setting process including longer term forecast review and plans

comprehensive monthly financial reporting system, with comparison to budget, supported by written report 
from the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer

report to the Audit Committee from the external auditor stating the material findings arising from the audit. 
This report is also considered by the main Board and action taken where appropriate

Vianet Group plc

• 

• 

• 

a  framework  for  capital  expenditure  and  controls  including  authorisation  procedures  and  rules  relating  to 
delegation of authority

risk  management  policies  to  manage  issues  relating  to  health  and  safety,  environment,  legal  compliance, 
insurance and security

day to day hands on involvement of the Executive Directors

As a result of the above systems and controls, and due to its current size, the Group does not operate an internal 
audit function, but is keeping its position under review. We believe these are key areas of risk under Companies Act 
2006 s414C (2) and are noted below;

Risk description

Mitigation

Covid-19 pandemic (when this was prevalent – 
less so now)

General economic risk
The performance of the business is linked to economic 
activity  in  two  vertical  markets  currently,  the  pub 
retailing market and unattended retail vending

Cyber Security
A cyber security breach where customer data security 
is  compromised  resulting  in  unauthorised  access  to 
sensitive/proprietary customer information.

Environmental sustainability
The  company  is  seeking  to  address  a  sustainability 
agenda around health, safety and wellbeing, operating 
to  environmental 
efficiently  giving  due  regard 
responsibility.

Price Risk
Price pressure from suppliers in the semi-conductor 
commodity market

• 
• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

All staff that can work from home do.
All  sites  have  been  equipped  to  be  Covid-19 
compliant
All  operational  staff  have  been  trained  to  cover 
for  multiple  tasks  to  cover  absenteeism  due  to 
Covid-19
Minimisation  of  visitors  to  site  and  social 
distancing
We  operate  Covid  secure  working  practices  in 
accordance with all health and safety guidelines
The  business  secured  varied  contracts  with  all 
customers  that  ensured  a  revenue  stream  was 
achieved  and  took  advantage  of  a  CBIL  £3.5m 
loan and furlough funding which supported our 
investment into the business and payroll costs

 Pub  retailing  market  has  been  severely 
hampered  due  to  national  Covid19  lockdown 
measures in the year

• 

Ongoing PCI-DSS compliance – Level 1

• 

See above section.

• 

Agree forward buying of components

Technological factors
Technological  risk  factors  may  cause  technology  in 
use to become obsolete or too costly to maintain

• 

• 

 Vianet  has  a  full  technology  strategy  both 
commercially and infrastructure wise 
 Employ  strategic  planning  to  make  timely 
investments in existing and new equipment

Vianet Group plc 

27

Corporate Governance statement (continued)

Risk description

Mitigation

Ukraine/Russia risk
While the impact currently is minimal, the Board will 
monitor  events  and  sanctions  as  they  unfold  and  act 
accordingly.

• 

 The Company has implemented all recommended 
review actions and has support contracts ready 
to implement if needed

Shareholder and Stakeholder Communication
The Group places a high level of importance on communicating with its shareholders and key stakeholders including 
customers, suppliers and employees. The Group welcomes and encourages such dialogue with all such parties and 
with the investor community in compliance with the regulations governed by the London Stock Exchange. The Group 
actively engages directly with shareholders and works closely with Cenkos its nominated advisor and broker, Yellow 
Jersey and H2Glenfern, investor communications and corporate finance & relations advisors.

While  attending  to  full  and  half  year  investor  meetings  and  follow  up,  the  Directors  actively  engage  in  new  and 
existing investor contact throughout each reporting period. This is also the case with customers and suppliers as 
needed, and very importantly with employees, undertaking an annual engagement survey to determine employee 
engagement and views on the company and actions that may need to be considered to build upon that engagement.

Whilst the pandemic and the emergence from it has been challenging it has afforded the Board and management with 
a great opportunity to demonstrate leadership and engage proactively with all stakeholders. Many of the activities 
and actions have been covered in the Chairman’s report, however it is worthy to note that employee engagement 
and welfare management has been exceptionally good, including regular live all business MS Teams question and 
answer sessions attended by over 90% of employees with the recording available to those who were unable to join.

The  Group  prides  itself  on  pro-active  communication  across  all  interested  parties  where  appropriate  as  our 
relationships with investors, customers, suppliers and employees form core foundations upon which the businesses 
success is built, and it is the Directors considered view that we treat all such parties fairly and impartially.

Share Options
The share option plans in existence on 31 March 2022 were the EMI plan, the Executive plan, the Employee Plan, 
and a Long-Term Incentive Plan. Share options will be issued at appropriate intervals in order to motivate and retain 
Executive Directors, senior management and other key staff whilst aligning their interests with those of the Group’s 
shareholders. Such grants are approved by the Remuneration Committee.

28 

Vianet Group plc

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO  
THE MEMBERS OF VIANET GROUP PLC

Opinion on the financial statements
In our opinion:

• 

• 

• 

• 

 the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s affairs 
as at 31 March 2022 and of the Group’s profit for the year then ended;

 the  Group  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK  adopted  international 
accounting standards;

 the Parent Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom 
Accounting Standards; and

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

We have audited the financial statements of Vianet Group plc (the ‘Parent Company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) for 
the year ended 31 March 2022 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated 
Balance Sheet, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement, and notes 
to the financial statements, the Company Balance Sheet, the Company Statement of Changes in Equity, notes to the 
Company Balance Sheet including a summary of significant accounting policies. 

The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  the  preparation  of  the  Group  financial  statements  is 
applicable  law  and  UK  adopted  international  accounting  standards.  The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has 
been applied in the preparation of the Parent Company financial statements is applicable law and United Kingdom 
Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework (United Kingdom 
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial 
statements section of our report. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to 
provide a basis for our opinion. 

Independence

We remain independent of the Group and the Parent Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are 
relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed 
entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 

Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the Directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting 
in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the Directors’ assessment of the Group 
and the Parent Company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included:

• 

• 

• 

 Obtaining and examining the Board’s Going concern paper, alongside supporting forecasts for the period of at 
least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. 

 Challenging Director’s assumptions, such as revenue pipeline, as used in the forecast period through review of 
the historic forecast accuracy, comparing forecasts to post year end results, cost performance, current business 
trends and pipeline/contract analysis.

 Considering the Board’s probable scenarios of sensitivities, to understand the robustness of the forecast trading 
model and the headroom available to the Group and Parent Company. 

Vianet Group plc 

29

Independent auditor’s report (continued)

• 

• 

 Review of the available cash and financing facilities within the Group, and evaluation of the Directors’ downside 
sensitivities  on  cash  flow  headroom,  incorporating  a  review  of  financial  covenants  compliance  and  headroom 
analysis throughout the forecast period. This included the renewal of financial facilities which occurred during 
May 2022.

 Review of the disclosures made in the financial statements.. We assessed whether these adequately disclose the 
basis of the judgements taken and the view formed by the Directors with respect to going concern. 

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions 
that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group and the Parent Company’s ability to continue 
as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant 
sections of this report.

Overview

Coverage

100% of Group loss before tax
99% of Group revenue
100% of Group total assets

Key audit matters

  2022 

2021

Going concern assessment 

Valuation of goodwill and intangibles 

Capitalisation of development costs 

X 

X 

Revenue recognition 

X

X

X

X

Going  concern  assessment  is  no  longer  considered  to  be  a  key  audit 
matter having regard to the renewal of facilities that the Parent Company 
has undertaken as set out in the going concern accounting policy in note 
1.1 to the financial statements.

Revenue  recognition,  in  respect  of  occurrence  and  cut  off  assertions,  is 
no longer considered to be a key audit matter having regard that no new 
revenue streams or changes in existing revenue recognition policies have 
been identified in the year, and no material issues were identified in the 
prior period as a result of our audit procedures.

Materiality

Group financial statements as a whole

£132k (2021: £98k) based on 1% on revenue (2020: 0.74% of three 
year average revenues) 

An overview of the scope of our audit
Our Group audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the Group and its environment, including the Group’s 
system  of  internal  control,  and  assessing  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  in  the  financial  statements.  We  also 
addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including assessing whether there was evidence of 
bias by the Directors that may have represented a risk of material misstatement.

The Parent Company and Vianet Limited were considered to be significant components and were subject to a full scope 
audit by the Group audit team, covering 99% of the revenue of the Group for the year.

30 

Vianet Group plc

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
Non-significant  components  (being  Vianet  Americas  Inc  and  Vendman  Systems  Limited),  were  subject  to  specified 
audit procedures and relevant analytical procedures. The cost base included in these non-significant components was 
approximately £0.4m which was audited by the group audit team.

Key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the 
financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement 
(whether  or  not  due  to  fraud)  that  we  identified,  including  those  which  had  the  greatest  effect  on:  the  overall  audit 
strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit, and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were 
addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we 
do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Key audit matter 

Valuation of goodwill 
and intangibles 

Group’s 
The 
policies 
accounting 
on 
and 
goodwill 
intangibles  are  shown 
in  notes  1.6  -  1.8  and 
2.1  to  the  financial 
and 
statements 
related 
disclosures 
are  included  in  notes 
10 and 11.

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit 
matter

We  assessed  the  underlying  methodology  for  the  impairment 
assessment to check it was in accordance with the requirements 
of accounting standards.

We  performed  procedures  to  assess  and  challenge  the 
assumptions 
impairment 
underpinning  management’s 
assessment model including:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

 Testing  the  mathematical  accuracy  of  the  calculations  and 
the integrity of the underlying data;

 Agreeing  forecast  cash  flows  to  Board  approved  budgets 
(as reviewed in the going concern review) and reviewing the 
reasonableness  of  the  assumptions  adopted  against  our 
understanding  of  past  performance,  market  opportunities 
available to the Group and wider sector growth expectations;

 Challenging 
the  growth  assumptions  adopted  by 
management for future periods to market expectations and 
considering the sensitivity to changes in the assumptions;

 Considering  the  short-term  and  long-term  impacts  of 
inflationary  pressures  in  the  macro-economic  environment 
and how this has been factored into forecast cash flows;

 Assessing the discount rate applied including consideration 
of whether it appropriately takes account of additional risks 
arising  from  inflationary  pressures  in  the  macro-economic 
environment;

 Assessing  the  disclosures  made  in  relation  to  goodwill 
and  other  intangibles,  to  ensure  compliance  with  relevant 
accounting standards, in particular in relation to the level of 
estimation uncertainty inherent in the assessment.

Key observations

Based  on  the  procedures  performed  we  did  not  identify  any 
issues  with  the  assumptions  underpinning  management’s 
assessment  of  the  valuation  of  goodwill  and  intangibles,  and 
consider the associated disclosures to be reasonable. 

In line with the requirements of IFRS, 
management  test  goodwill  annually 
for  impairment.  In  additional,  other 
intangibles are included in the annual 
impairment  review, 
though  other 
intangibles  are  amortised  in  line  with 
the accounting policies.

The goodwill impairment assessment 
model  prepared  by  management, 
based  on  the  expected  present  value 
of  future  cash  flows  to  be  generated 
from both the Smart Zones and Smart 
Machines  cash  generating  units,  is 
underpinned by a number of estimates 
including  future  cash  flows,  growth 
assumptions and the discount rate.

The  impairment  assessment  model 
prepared  by  management  is  sensitive 
to  changes 
the  assumptions 
in 
is  also  additional 
adopted.  There 
uncertainty  in  predicting  future  cash-
flows  due  to  inflationary  pressures  in 
the macro-economic environment.

There  is  an  associated  risk  in  the 
Parent  Company  balance 
sheet 
over  the  potential  impairment  of  the 
investment and intercompany position 
with  Vianet  Limited  as  a  subsidiary 
impairment 
the 
undertaking, 
assessment  for  which  is  based  on 
the same discounted cash flow model 
used  for  assessing 
impairment  of 
goodwill and other intangible assets.

to 

involved 
the  assumptions 
Due 
we  considered  this  to  be  a  key 
audit  matter,  alongside  the  related 
disclosures 
to  ensure  compliance 
with  relevant  accounting  standards; 
in particular in relation to the level of 
estimation uncertainty inherent in the 
assessment.

Vianet Group plc 

31

Independent auditor’s report (continued)

Capitalisation of 
development costs

The  Group  capitalises 
generated development costs. 

internally 

Group’s 
The 
policies 
accounting 
capitalisation  of 
on 
generated 
internally 
development 
costs 
are  shown  in  notes  1.8 
and 2.1 to the financial 
statements 
and 
related  disclosures  are 
included in note 11.

is  a  risk  that  the  specific 
There 
International 
requirements  under 
(IAS) 
38 
Standard 
Accounting 
‘Intangible 
regarding 
Assets’ 
capitalisation  of  internally  generated 
intangible  assets  are  not  met  and 
that  the  gross  and  net  book  value  is 
materially misstated. 

We  therefore  identified  capitalisation 
of  internally  generated  development 
costs and relevant impairment review 
of  the  carrying  value  as  a  significant 
risk and a key audit matter.

Our audit work included but was not restricted to:

• 

• 

• 

 Obtained  management’s  capitalisation  policy  for  intangible 
assets, to check it is reasonable and in accordance with the 
IAS 38; 

 On a sample basis agreed additions to developments costs 
in  the  year  to  supporting  documentation  and  checking 
that  they  have  capitalised  in  line  with  the  policy  and  also 
meet  the  criteria  for  capitalisation  in  accordance  with  the 
requirements if IAS 38; 

 We  performed  procedures  to  assess  and  challenge  the 
impairment 
assumptions  underpinning  management’s 
assessment  model  over  goodwill  and  other  intangibles  (as 
per the goodwill impairment key audit matter above). 

Key observations

Based on our audit work, we consider that internally generated 
developments  costs  have  been  capitalised  in  accordance  with 
the Group’s accounting policies and accounting standards.

32 

Vianet Group plc

Our application of materiality
We  apply  the  concept  of  materiality  both  in  planning  and  performing  our  audit,  and  in  evaluating  the  effect  of 
misstatements.  We  consider  materiality  to  be  the  magnitude  by  which  misstatements,  including  omissions,  could 
influence the economic decisions of reasonable users that are taken on the basis of the financial statements. 

In order to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that any misstatements exceed materiality, we use a 
lower materiality level, performance materiality, to determine the extent of testing needed. Importantly, misstatements 
below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as we also take account of the nature of identified 
misstatements,  and  the  particular  circumstances  of  their  occurrence,  when  evaluating  their  effect  on  the  financial 
statements as a whole. 

Based  on  our  professional  judgement,  we  determined  materiality  for  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  and 
performance materiality as follows:

Parent company financial 
statements

2022 
£k

79

2021 
£k

39

60% of Group 
materiality

40% of Group 
materiality

60%  of  Group 
materiality

40%  of  Group 
materiality

Materiality

Group financial statements

2022 
£k

132

2021 
£k

98

0.74% of three 
year average 
revenues

We  considered 
revenue 
to 
be 
the  most 
a p p r o p r i a t e 
measure 
of 
p e r fo r m a n ce 
for  users  of 
the 
financial 
s t a t e m e n t s , 
the 
given 
volatility in loss 
before tax.

Basis for determining materiality

1% of revenues

Rationale for the benchmark 
applied

We  considered 
to 
revenue 
be 
the  most 
a p p r o p r i a t e 
measure 
of 
p e r fo r m a n ce 
for  users  of 
the 
financial 
s t a t e m e n t s , 
the 
given 
volatility 
in 
loss before tax. 
The 
change 
in  basis  from 
three 
using 
average 
year 
revenues 
in 
2021,  to  using 
year 
current 
revenue in 2022 
was as a result 
of  the  Group 
r e c o v e r i n g 
revenue 
its 
profile 
after 
the  Covid-19 
pandemic.

Performance materiality

92

63

85

25

Basis for determining performance 
materiality

70% (2020: 65%) of materiality, based upon there being a limited number 
of areas subject to significant estimation uncertainty and no significant 
errors identified in the prior period.

Vianet Group plc 

33

Independent auditor’s report (continued)

Component materiality

Component materiality for the significant component, other than the Parent Company, was £116k (2021: £95k), being 88% 
(2021: 97%) of Group materiality, which was based on the size and our assessment of the risk of material misstatement 
of that component  We further applied performance materiality levels of 70% (2021: 65%) of the component materiality 
to our testing to ensure that the risk of errors exceeding component materiality was appropriately mitigated.

Reporting threshold 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them all individual audit differences in excess of £3,000 
(2021:  £2,000).  We  also  agreed  to  report  differences  below  this  threshold  that,  in  our  view,  warranted  reporting  on 
qualitative grounds.

Other information
The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in 
the Consolidated Annual Report and Accounts, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our 
opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly 
stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the 
other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial 
statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we 
identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this 
gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, 
we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Other Companies Act 2006 reporting
Based on the responsibilities described below and our work performed during the course of the audit, we are required 
by the Companies Act 2006 and ISAs (UK) to report on certain opinions and matters as described below. 

Strategic report 
and Directors’ 
report 

Matters on which 
we are required 
to report by 
exception

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

• 

 the information given in the Strategic report and the Directors’ report for the financial 
year  for  which  the  financial  statements  are  prepared  is  consistent  with  the  financial 
statements; and

• 

 the Strategic report and the Directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with 
applicable legal requirements.

In  the  light  of  the  knowledge  and  understanding  of  the  Group  and  Parent  Company 
and  its  environment  obtained  in  the  course  of  the  audit,  we  have  not  identified  material 
misstatements in the strategic report or the Directors’ report.

We  have  nothing  to  report  in  respect  of  the  following  matters  in  relation  to  which  the 
Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

• 

• 

 adequate  accounting  records  have  not  been  kept  by  the  Parent  Company,  or  returns 
adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

 the  Parent  Company  financial  statements  are  not  in  agreement  with  the  accounting 
records and returns; or

• 

 certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or

• 

 we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

34 

Vianet Group plc

Responsibilities of Directors
As  explained  more  fully  in  the  Statement  of  Directors’  responsibilities  for  the  financial  statements,  the  Directors 
are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view,  and  for  such  internal  control  as  the  Directors  determine  is  necessary  to  enable  the  preparation  of  financial 
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  Directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  Group’s  and  the  Parent 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and 
using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the Parent 
Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from 
material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that  includes  our  opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with 
ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error 
and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Extent to which the audit was capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in 
line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including 
fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

As part of the audit we gained an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework applicable to the Group and the 
industries in which it operates, and considered the risk of acts by the Group that were contrary to applicable laws and 
regulations, including fraud. We considered the Group’s compliance with laws and regulations that have a significant 
impact on the financial statements to be UK company law, UK tax legislation, the accounting frameworks and ISO 
security standards, and we considered the extent to which non-compliance might have a material effect on the Group 
financial statements.

Based on our understanding we designed our audit procedures to identify instances of non-compliance with such 
laws and regulations for the Group and significant components. Our procedures included enquiries of management 
and of the Directors, reviewing the financial statement disclosures agreeing to underlying supporting documentation 
where necessary, review of Board meeting minutes and review of any applicable correspondence with tax authorities. 

Our assessment of the susceptibility of the financial statements to fraud for the Group and significant components was 
through management override of controls and revenue recognition which was addressed through detailed testing. We 
addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including testing journal entries processed during 
and subsequent to the year, testing for inappropriate payments being made, testing of significant estimates (including 
impairment review of goodwill and other intangibles, and capitalised development costs, as set out in the key audit 
matters section of this report) and evaluating whether there was evidence of bias in the financial statements by the 
Directors  that  represented  a  risk  of  material  misstatement  due  to  fraud.  We  addressed  the  risk  of  inappropriate 
revenue recognition, including testing a sample of revenue transactions across the year to ensure these are recorded 
in the correct period and were not fictitious in nature.

We also communicated relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risks to all engagement team 
members and remained alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout 
the audit.

Vianet Group plc 

35

Independent auditor’s report (continued)

Our  audit  procedures  were  designed  to  respond  to  risks  of  material  misstatement  in  the  financial  statements, 
recognising that the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting 
one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery, misrepresentations 
or through collusion. There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures performed and the further removed non-
compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less 
likely we are to become aware of it.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.
uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report
This report is made solely to the Parent Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Parent Company’s members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent 
permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Parent Company and the Parent 
Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Mark Langford (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of BDO LLP, Statutory Auditor
Leeds, UK
13 June 2022

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127).

36 

Vianet Group plc

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF 
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
for the year ended 31 March 2022

Revenue 
Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Administration and other
operating expenses 
Operating profit/(loss) pre  
amortisation and share based  
payments 
Intangible asset amortisation 
Share based payments 

Note	

3 

Before	
Exceptional	
2022	
£000	

Exceptional	
2022	
£000	

13,215 
(4,654) 

8,561 

- 
- 

- 

Total	
2022	
£000	

13,215 
(4,654) 

8,561 

Before	
Exceptional	
2021	
£000	

Exceptional	
2021	
£000	

8,369 
(3,307) 

5,062 

- 
- 

- 

Total
2021
£000

8,369
(3,307)

5,062

(6,198) 

(121) 

(6,319) 

(5,749) 

(343) 

(6,092)

2,363 
(2,195) 
(83) 

(121) 
- 
- 

2,242 
(2,195) 
(83) 

(687) 
(1,669) 
(73) 

(343) 
- 
- 

(1,030)
(1,669)
(73)

Total administrative expenses 

(8,476) 

(121) 

(8,597) 

(7,491) 

(343) 

(7,834)

Operating profit/(loss) 

Finance costs 

Loss before tax 
Income tax credit 

Profit/(loss) and other  
comprehensive
income for the year 

Loss earnings per share
Total 
- Basic 

- Diluted 

6 

5 
7 

8 

8 

85 

(138) 

(53) 
361 

(121) 

- 

(121) 
- 

(36) 

(2,429) 

(343) 

(2,772)

(138) 

(174) 
361 

(50) 

(2,479) 
867 

- 

(343) 
- 

(50)

(2,822)
867

308 

(121) 

187 

(1,612) 

(343) 

(1,955)

0.65p 

0.64p 

(6.75)p

(6.75)p

All operations are continuing. Total comprehensive income being attributable to equity holders of the parent.
The accompanying accounting policies and notes form an integral part of these financial statements.
Details of the exceptional items are included in note 4.

Vianet Group plc 

37

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
at 31 March 2022

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Goodwill 
Other intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Deferred tax asset 

Total non-current assets 
Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Equity and liabilities 
Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Leases 
Borrowings 

Non-current liabilities 
Other payables 
Leases 
Borrowings 
Deferred tax liability 

Equity attributable to owners of the parent 
Share capital 
Share premium account 
Capital redemption 
Share based payment reserve 
Merger reserve 
Retained profit 

Total equity 

Note	

2022	
£000	

As	restated	
2021	
£000	

As	restated
2020
£000

10 
11 
12 
20 

13 
14 
26 

15 
17 
18 

16 

18 

21 

21 

1.19 

17,856 
5,976 
3,262 
386 

27,480 

1,573 
2,690 
1,583 

5,846 

17,856 
6,184 
3,391 
26 

27,457 

1,431 
2,758 
1,894 

6,083 

17,856
5,505
3,795
-

27,156

1,491
3,544
1,728

6,763

33,326 

33,540 

33,919

2,983 
25 
2,310 

5,318 

- 
- 
2,273 
- 

2,273 

2,880 
11,711 
15 
499 
310 
10,320 

25,735 

3,257 
53 
1,265 

4,575 

86 
- 
3,290 
- 

3,376 

2,895 
11,709 
- 
437 
310 
10,238 

25,589 

2,710
64
2,011

4,785

117
35
670
841

1,663

2,895
11,709
-
364
310
12,193

27,471

Total equity and liabilities 

33,326 

33,540 

33,919

The Group financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 13 June 2022 and were signed on its 
behalf by: 

J Dickson
Director
The accompanying accounting policies and notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

38 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF  
CHANGES IN EQUITY
for the year ended 31 March 2022

Share	
capital	
£000	

At 1 April 2020 (as previously stated)  2,895 
- 
Prior year restatement (note 29) 

At 1 April 2020 (as restated) 
Share based payments 

2,895 
- 

Transactions with owners 

Loss and total comprehensive
income for the year 

Total comprehensive income
less owners’ transactions 

- 

- 

- 

Share	
premium	
account	
£000	

11,709 
- 

11,709 
- 

- 

- 

- 

At 31 March 2021 (as restated) 

2,895 

11,709 

At 1 April 2021 (as restated) 
Issue of shares 
Cancellation of shares 
Share based payments 
Share option forfeitures 

Transactions with owners 

Profit and total comprehensive
income for the year 

Total comprehensive income
less owners’ transactions 

2,895 
- 
(15) 
- 
- 

(15) 

- 

(15) 

11,709 
2 
- 
- 
- 

2 

- 

2 

At 31 March 2022 

2,880 

11,711 

Share
based
payment	
reserve	
£000	

Own	
shares	
£000	

Merger	
reserve	
£’000	

Capital	
Redemption	
£000	

Retained
profit	
£000	

Total
£000

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

364 
- 

364 
73 

73 

- 

73 

437 

437 
- 
- 
83 
(21) 

62 

- 

62 

499 

310 
- 

310 
- 

- 

- 

- 

310 

310 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

310 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
15 
- 
- 

15 

12,403 
(210) 

27,681
(210)

12,193 
- 

27,471
73

- 

73

(1,955) 

(1,955)

(1,955) 

(1,882)

10,238 

25,589

10,238 
- 
(126) 
- 
21 

25,589
2
(126)  
  83
-

(105) 

(41)

- 

187 

187

15 

15 

82 

146

10,320 

25,735

Vianet Group plc 

39

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT
for the year ended 31 March 2022

Cash flows from operating activities 
Profit/(loss) for the year 
Adjustments for 
Net interest payable 
Income tax credit 
Amortisation of intangible assets 
Depreciation 
Contingent consideration release 
Loss on impairment of property, plant and equipment and businesses    
Share based payments 

Operating cash flows before changes in working capital and provisions 
Change in inventories 
Change in receivables 
Change in payables 

Operating cash flows post changes in working capital and provisions 
Cash generated from operations 

Net cash generated from operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchases of property, plant and equipment 
Capitalisation of development costs 
Purchases of other intangible assets 
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Net interest payable 
Repayment of leases 
Repayments of borrowings 
Payment of contingent consideration 
New borrowings 
Issue of share capital 
Cancellation of shares 

Net cash(used in)/from financing activities 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 

Reconciliation to the cash balance in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Cash balance as per consolidated balance sheet 

Bank overdrafts (see note 18) 

Balance per statement of cash flows 

Note	

2022	
£000	

2021
£000

187 

(1,955)

6 

11 
12 

5 

12 
11 
11 

138 
(361) 
2,195 
489 
(76) 
83 
83 

2,738 
(142) 
68 
(267) 

(341) 
2,397 

2,397 

(465) 
(1,975) 
(12) 
22 

(2,430) 

(138) 
(28) 
(1,289) 
(16) 
- 
2 
(126) 

(1,595) 

(1,628) 
1,894 

266 

1,583 

(1,317) 

266 

50
(867)
1,669
563
-
126
73

(341)
60
786
547

1,393
1,052

1,052

(268)
(2,312)
(36)
-

(2,616)

(50)
(64)
(319)
(30)
3,540
-
-

3,077

1,513
381

1,894

1,894

-

1,894

40 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
for the year ended 31 March 2022

Significant accounting policies

1. 
1.1  Basis of preparation and Going Concern
Vianet  Group  plc  is  incorporated  in  England  and  Wales  and  quoted  on  the  London  Stock  Exchange’s  Alternative 
Investment Market. The registered address is One Surtees Way, Surtees Business Park, Stockton on Tees, TS18 3HR. 
Further copies of these financial statements will be available at the Company’s registered office: which is detailed in 
the Company Information page of this Annual Report, page 1.

The principal activities for the Group are detailed in the Strategic report’.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with UK adopted International Accounting Standards 
(‘IFRS’) in conformity with the requirements of Companies act 2006. 

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost convention with the exception of certain items 
which are measured at fair value as disclosed in the principal accounting policies set out below. The measurement 
bases and principal accounting policies of the Group are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied 
to all years presented unless otherwise stated.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of estimates and assumptions that 
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts 
of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on management’s best 
knowledge of the amount, event or actions, actual results ultimately may differ from these estimates as a result of 
for example unforeseen inflationary pressures or global supply and stock price premium impacts.

In considering the going concern aspect of the business, the Directors paid due regard to their financial forecasts over 
the next 3 years, contracted revenue streams, emergence from Covid 19, bank and cash reserve facilities, recovered 
trading levels during FY2022, the global semi-conductor challenge, and the availability of the bank overdraft facility 
which is £1.5m and which has been renewed through to 31 May 2023, with a supporting note from the bank stating 
they see no reason why facilities will not be renewed for a further 12 months to 31 May 2024.

Bank covenants cover 3 areas.

1. 

2. 

3. 

Interest cover (which is currently complied with and is expected to remain the case)

CFADS cash flow covenant relaxed to June 2023

Leverage coverage with quarterly dates through to March 2023 based on EBITA performance

As a result of the above actions and bank facilities, the Directors have produced revised forecasts have also considered 
possible downside impacts alongside having made appropriate enquiries, including (but not limited to) a review of the 
Group’s budget for 2022/2023, and cash generating capacity at least 12 months from the date of signing (underpinned 
by long term contracts in place and historical results). Such possible downside impact include stock premium costs 
associated with the global semi-conductor supply challenge in the period to June 2023, with sufficient headroom in 
our facilities being considered to be in place in the instance of such possible downsides.

Together with both the comments noted in the Chairman’s report and Strategic and Director reports, and a formal 
going concern paper submitted to the board, noting we have assumed no reduction in staff or overheads but this 
will be reviewed on an ongoing basis, we have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to 
continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. For this reason they continue to adopt the going concern 
basis in preparing the financial statements.

1.2  Subsidiaries
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results, assets, liabilities and cash flows of the company and 
each of its subsidiaries for the financial year ended 31 March 2022.

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity if and only if the Group has all of the 
following elements:

Vianet Group plc 

41

Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

1. 
• 

• 

• 

Significant accounting policies (continued)
power over the entity, i.e. the Group has existing rights that give it the ability to direct the relevant activities (the 
activities that significantly affect the entity’s returns)

exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the entity

the ability to use its power over the entity to affect the amount of the Groups returns

The results, assets, liabilities and cash flows of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements 
from the date control commences until the date that control ceases.

Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group parent and its subsidiaries are eliminated. Unrealised losses 
are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Amounts 
reported in the financial statements of subsidiaries have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with 
the accounting policies adopted by the Group.

1.3  Business combinations
For  business  combinations  occurring  since  1  January  2010,  the  requirements  of  IFRS  3  have  been  applied.  The 
consideration transferred by the Group to obtain control of a subsidiary is calculated as the sum of the acquisition 
date fair values of assets transferred, liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the Group, which includes 
the fair value of any asset or liability arising from a contingent consideration arrangement. Acquisition costs are 
expensed  as  incurred.  The  Group  recognises  identifiable  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  in  a  business 
combination regardless of whether they have been previously recognised in the acquiree’s financial statements prior 
to the acquisition. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are generally measured at the acquisition date fair values.

Under IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’ and IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’, management should account for contingent 
consideration by fair valuing the balance at each reporting date. Any changes in fair value shall be recognised in profit 
or loss. Please refer to Exceptional cost note 4 in the Financial Review.

1.4  Revenue recognition
Revenue arises from the provision of actionable data and business insight services through connected devices. To 
determine whether to recognise revenue, the Group follows a 5-step process as follows:

1.  

2.  

Identifying the contract with a customer

Identifying the performance obligations

3.   Determining the transaction price

4.  

Allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations

5.   Recognising revenue when/as performance obligation(s) are satisfied

Revenue  is  measured  at  transaction  price,  stated  net  of  VAT  and  other  sales  related  taxes.  There  is  no  return  or 
refund obligation. Typical payment terms are 30 days from date of invoice and terms do not include a significant 
financing component.

Smart Zones and Smart Machines
Customer  income  is  recognised  at  the  point  of  installation  or  delivery  in  respect  of  outright  sale  or  rental  of  the 
connected  device,  in  accordance  with  contractual  terms  which  can  include  payments  in  advance  for  which  we 
would defer the appropriate amount of income over the length of the contract until a point in time when control is 
transferred to the customer. Accrued income can arise in relation to customers who are on different billing cycles 
to a calendar month. Data insight is recognised over time, based upon the timing of data collected from customers 
connected devices 

42 

Vianet Group plc

1. 

Significant accounting policies (continued)

Smart Zones

There are two performance obligations with customers, one being the provision of data insight from data collected 
from customers connected devices and the other being either the outright sale or rental of the connected device to 
collect the data. Data insight involves web based reporting and business asset performance for our customers and 
potential marketing insight to the respective industries 

Therefore,  as  such,  there  are  separately  identifiable  transaction  prices  for  either  performance  obligation.  The 
transaction prices are set out in the customers’ contract and is made up of either a fixed charge for the outright sale 
of the connected device or a fixed element in the form of a monthly income in respect of the data insight or the rental 
of the connected device. Revenue is recognised when the performance obligations have been satisfied in line with 
the contract. 

There are no unusual or variable payment terms in relation to performance obligations offered to customers.

The customer may from time to time request a repair to their equipment. Revenue is recognised when the performance 
obligation has been satisfied.

Smart Machines

There are two performance obligations with customers, one being the provision of data insight from data collected 
from customers connected devices and the other being either the outright sale or rental of the connected device to 
collect the data.

Therefore, as such, there are separately identifiable contracted transaction prices for either performance obligation 
noted in each customer’s contract. The transaction prices are set out in the customers’ contract and is made up of 
either a fixed charge for the outright sale of the connected device or a fixed element in the form of a monthly income 
in respect of the data insight or the rental of the connected device. Revenue is recognised when the performance 
obligations have been satisfied in line with the contract. 

There are no unusual or variable payment terms in relation to performance obligations offered to customers.

The customer may from time to time request a repair to their equipment. Revenue is recognised when the performance 
obligation has been satisfied.

1.5  Foreign currencies
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary 
assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. 
Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate 
at the date of the transaction.

Any exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates 
different from those at which they were initially recorded are recognised in the profit or loss in the period in which 
they arise.

1.6  Goodwill
Goodwill  on  acquisition  of  subsidiaries  represents  the  excess  of  the  cost  of  an  acquisition  over  the  fair  value  of 
the  Group’s  share  of  the  identifiable  net  assets  of  the  acquired  subsidiary.  Goodwill  is  not  amortised,  but  tested 
at least annually for impairment, and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Impairment losses are 
immediately recognised in profit or loss and are not subsequently reversed.

Goodwill arising on acquisitions before the date of transition of 1 January 2010 to IFRS has been retained at the 
previous UK GAAP amounts subject to being tested for impairment at that date.

Tests have been undertaken using commercial judgements and a number of assumptions and estimates have been 
made to support the carrying amount, assessed against discounted cash flows. The details of these assumptions are 
set out in note 10.

Vianet Group plc 

43

Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

1. 
1.7 

Significant accounting policies (continued)
Intangible assets: business combinations

Acquisition as part of a business combination

Identifiable  intangible  assets  acquired  as  part  of  a  business  combination  are  initially  recognised  separately  from 
goodwill at their fair value, irrespective of whether the asset had been recognised by the acquiree before the business 
combination. An intangible asset is considered identifiable only if it is separable or if it arises from contractual or 
other legal rights, regardless of whether those rights are transferable or separable from the entity or from other 
rights and obligations.

Intangible  assets  acquired  as  part  of  a  business  combination  and  recognised  by  the  Group  include  customer 
contracts, patents and order book.

After  initial  recognition,  intangible  assets  acquired  as  part  of  a  business  combination  are  carried  at  cost  less 
accumulated  amortisation  and  any  impairment  losses  recognised  in  administrative  expenses  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income.

Amortisation

Intangible assets are amortised on a straight-line basis, to reduce their carrying value to their residual value, over 
their estimated useful lives. The following useful lives were applied during the year:

Customer contracts and relationships 
Software 
Trademarks 
Order book  

2 to 5 years
5 years
10 years
2 to 5 years

Methods of amortisation, residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and if necessary adjusted, at each balance 
sheet date.

Intangible assets: Research and development

1.8 
Expenditure on research (or the research phase of an internal project) is recognised as an expense in the period in 
which it is incurred.

Development costs incurred on specific projects are capitalised when all the following conditions are satisfied:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

completion of the intangible asset is technically feasible so that it will be available for use or sale

the Group intends to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it

the Group has the ability to use or sell the intangible asset

the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits. Among other things, this requires that 
there is a market for the output from the intangible asset or for the intangible asset itself, or, if it is to be used 
internally, the asset will be used in generating such benefits

there are adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the 
intangible asset, and

the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development can be measured reliably.

Development costs not meeting the criteria for capitalisation are expensed as incurred.

The cost of an internally generated intangible asset comprises all directly attributable costs necessary to create, 
produce and prepare the asset to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

Directly  attributable  costs  include  employee  (other  than  directors)  costs  incurred  on  development  and  directly 
attributable overheads. The costs of internally generated software developments are recognised as intangible assets.

Capitalised development costs are amortised over a period which is usually no more than five years. Amortisation 
commences once an asset is available for use, in line with IAS38.

44 

Vianet Group plc

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Significant accounting policies (continued)

1. 
1.9   Property, plant and equipment
Property,  plant  and  equipment  is  stated  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  any  impairment  losses.  Cost 
comprises the purchase price of property, plant and equipment together with any directly attributable costs.

Subsequent costs are included in an asset’s carrying value or recognised as a separate asset, when it is probable that 
future economic benefits associated with the additional expenditure will flow to the Group and the cost of the item 
can be measured reliably. All other costs are charged to the profit or loss when incurred.

Depreciation commences when an asset is available for use. Depreciation is charged so as to write off the depreciable 
amount of assets to their residual values over their estimated useful lives using a method that reflects the pattern in 
which the assets’ future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the Group.

Depreciation is charged in equal annual instalments over the following periods:

Freehold buildings 
Freehold Land 
Plant, vehicles and equipment 
Fixtures and fittings 

10 - 50 years
Nil
3 - 5 years
4 years

Methods of depreciation, residual values and useful lives are reviewed and adjusted, if appropriate, at each balance 
sheet date.

The gain or loss arising from the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as 
the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item, and is included in the profit 
or loss.

1.10  Impairment
At each balance sheet date, the Group assesses whether there is any indication that its assets have been impaired. 
If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the 
impairment, if any. If it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of the individual asset, the recoverable 
amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs is determined.

The recoverable amount of an asset or a cash-generating unit is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its 
value in use. The value in use is the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from an asset or 
cash-generating unit. This present value is discounted using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments 
of the time value of money and of the risks specific to the asset for which future cash flow estimates have not been 
adjusted. If the recoverable amount of an asset is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset is 
reduced to its recoverable amount. That reduction is recognised as an impairment loss.

An impairment loss relating to assets carried at cost less any accumulated depreciation or amortisation is recognised 
immediately in the profit or loss.

Goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the cash-generating 
units or groups of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

An impairment loss is recognised for cash-generating units if the recoverable amount of the unit is less than the 
carrying amount of the unit. The impairment loss is allocated to reduce the carrying amount of the assets of the unit 
by first reducing the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the cash-generating unit, and then reducing the 
other assets of the unit pro rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit.

If an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the revised estimate of 
its recoverable amount but limited to the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss 
been recognised in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses on 
goodwill are not subsequently reversed.

Vianet Group plc 

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

Significant accounting policies (continued)

1. 
1.11  Leased assets

The Group as a lessee

For any new contracts entered into, the Group considers whether a contract is, or contains a lease. A lease is defined 
as ‘a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to use an asset (the underlying asset) for a period of time 
in exchange for consideration’. To apply this definition the Group assesses whether the contract meets three key 
evaluations which are whether:

• 

• 

• 

the contract contains an identified asset, which is either explicitly identified in the contract or implicitly specified 
by being identified at the time the asset is made available to the Group

the Group has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset 
throughout the period of use, considering its rights within the defined scope of the contract

the Group has the right to direct the use of the identified asset throughout the period of use. The Group assess 
whether it has the right to direct ‘how and for what purpose’ the asset is used throughout the period of use.

Measurement and recognition of leases as a lessee

At lease commencement date, the Group recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet. 
The right-of-use asset is measured at cost, which is made up of the initial measurement of the lease liability, any 
initial direct costs incurred by the Group, an estimate of any costs to dismantle and remove the asset at the end of the 
lease, and any lease payments made in advance of the lease commencement date (net of any incentives received).

The Group depreciates the right-of-use assets on a straight-line basis from the lease commencement date to the 
earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. The Group also assesses 
the right-of-use asset for impairment when such indicators exist.

At the commencement date, the Group measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments unpaid 
at that date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease if that rate is readily available or the Group’s 
incremental borrowing rate.

Lease  payments  included  in  the  measurement  of  the  lease  liability  are  made  up  of  fixed  payments  (including  in 
substance fixed), variable payments based on an index or rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual 
value guarantee and payments arising from options reasonably certain to be exercised.

Subsequent to initial measurement, the liability will be reduced for payments made and increased for interest. It is 
remeasured to reflect any reassessment or modification, or if there are changes in in-substance fixed payments.

When the lease liability is remeasured, the corresponding adjustment is reflected in the right-of-use asset, or profit 
and loss if the right-of-use asset is already reduced to zero.

The Group has elected to account for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets using the practical expedients. 
Instead of recognising a right-of-use asset and lease liability, the payments in relation to these are recognised as an 
expense in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

On the statement of financial position, right-of-use assets have been included in property, plant and equipment and 
lease liabilities have been shown separately. 

1.12  Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value on an average pricing basis. Cost of finished goods 
and work in progress includes materials and direct labour.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price, which would be realised after deducting all estimated costs of 
completion, and costs incurred in marketing, selling and distributing such inventory.

46 

Vianet Group plc

Significant accounting policies (continued)

1. 
1.13  Taxation
The tax expense represents the sum of current tax and deferred tax.

Current tax

Current tax is based on taxable profit for the year and is calculated using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted 
at the balance sheet date. Taxable profit differs from accounting profit either because items are taxable or deductible 
in  periods  different  to  those  in  which  they  are  recognised  in  the  financial  statements  or  because  they  are  never 
taxable or deductible.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax on temporary differences at the balance sheet date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and 
their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method.

Using  the  balance  sheet  liability  method,  deferred  tax  liabilities  are  recognised  in  full  for  all  taxable  temporary 
differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available 
against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. However, if the deferred tax asset or liability arises 
from the initial recognition of goodwill or the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction, other than 
a business combination, that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit, it is not 
recognised.

Deferred taxation is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply when the asset is realised or the liability 
settled based on tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities,  calculated  on  an  undiscounted  basis,  are  offset  only  when  there  is  a  legally 
enforceable right to set off current tax amounts and when they relate to the same tax authority and the Group intends 
to settle its current tax amounts on a net basis.

Current and deferred tax are recognised in the profit or loss except when they relate to items recognised directly in 
equity, when they are similarly taken to equity.

1.14  Pension Costs
The Group operates a defined contribution pension scheme. The assets of these schemes are held separately from 
those of the Group in an independently administered fund. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable 
by the Group to the scheme for the year.

1.15  Financial instruments
The Group classifies financial instruments, or their component parts, on initial recognition as a financial asset, a 
financial liability or an equity instrument in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the Group’s balance sheet when the Group becomes party 
to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial Assets

Initial recognition and measurement

In accordance with IFRS 9, ‘Financial Instruments’ the Group has classified its financial assets through the following 
categories:

Vianet Group plc 

47

Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

1. 
• 

• 

• 

Significant accounting policies (continued)
Amortised cost

Fair value through profit or loss (FVPL)

Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)

For either year presented the Group does not have any financial assets classified as FVOCI.

The Group determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition based on the contractual cash 
flow characteristics of the financial assets.

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition 
of the financial asset.

Subsequent measurement 

The subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as described below:

Financial assets carried at amortised cost

This category applies to trade and other receivables due from customers in the normal course of business. Trade and 
other receivables are initially recorded at fair value and thereafter are measured at amortised cost using the effective 
interest rate. A loss allowance for expected credit losses is recognised based upon an amount equal to the 12-month 
expected credit loss. This assessment is performed on a trade receivables and contract assets basis considering 
forward-looking information, including the use of macroeconomic information, around our customer contracts and 
payment history. The credit risk of financial instruments has not considered to have changed since initial recognition. 
Please see note 14 which relates to expected credit loss

The group classifies its financial assets as at amortised cost only if both of the following criteria are met:

(i)  

the asset is held within a business model with the objective of collecting the contractual cash flows; and

(ii)  

the  contractual  terms  give  rise  on  specified  dates  to  cash  flows  that  are  solely  payments  of  principal  and 
interest on the principal outstanding.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits, short term overdrafts, together with other 
short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject 
to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, and, where applicable, adjusted for transaction costs unless 
the Group designated a financial liability at fair value through profit or loss.

Subsequent measurement

Subsequently,  financial  liabilities  are  measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest  method  except  for 
financial liabilities designated at FVTPL, which are carried subsequently at fair value with gains or losses recognised 
in profit or loss. All interest related charges are included within finance costs or finance income.

Trade payables and borrowings are recorded initially at fair value, net of direct issue costs, and subsequently are 
recorded at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Contingent consideration is measured at fair value through profit or loss. The contingent consideration is fair valued 
and represents management’s estimate of the contingent consideration which will be paid and is discounted. Further 
details on the contingent consideration balance is included in notes 15 and 16.

48 

Vianet Group plc

 
Significant accounting policies (continued)

1. 
1.16  Dividends
Final dividends are recognised as a liability in the period in which they are approved by the company’s shareholders. 
Interim dividends are recognised when they are paid.

1.17  Employee share option schemes
All share-based payment arrangements are recognised in the financial statements in accordance with IFRS 2.

All  goods  and  services  received  in  exchange  for  the  grant  of  any  share-based  payment,  including  awards  made 
under the Joint Ownership Plan (an equity settled scheme) are measured at their fair values. Where employees are 
rewarded using share-based payments the fair values of employees’ services are determined indirectly by reference 
to the fair value of the instrument granted to the employee. This fair value is appraised at the grant date and excludes 
the impact of non-market vesting conditions (for example, profitability and sales growth targets).

All  equity-settled  share-based  payments  are  ultimately  recognised  as  an  expense  in  the  profit  or  loss  with  a 
corresponding credit to “Share based payment reserve”.

If vesting periods or other non-market vesting conditions apply, the expense is allocated over the vesting period, 
based on the best available estimate of the number of share options expected to vest. Estimates are subsequently 
revised if there is any indication that the number of share options expected to vest differs from previous estimates. 
Any cumulative adjustment prior to vesting is recognised in the current period. No adjustment is made to any expense 
recognised in prior periods if share options ultimately exercised are different to that estimated on vesting.

Upon  exercise  of  share  options  the  proceeds  received  net  of  attributable  transaction  costs  are  credited  to  share 
capital, and where appropriate share premium.

1.18  Equity
Equity comprises the following:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

“Share capital” represents the nominal value of equity shares.

“Share premium” represents the excess over nominal value of the fair value of consideration received for equity 
shares, net of expenses of the share issue.

“Capital redemption” represents the nominal value of shares repurchased and cancelled.

“Share  based  payment  reserve”  represents  equity-settled  share-based  employee  remuneration  until  such 
share options are exercised.

“Merger reserve” represents the excess over nominal value of fair value of consideration attributed to equity 
shares issued in part settlement for subsidiary company shares acquired.

“Retained earnings reserve” represents retained profits.

1.19  New IFRS standards and interpretations not applied
A number of new standards, amendments and interpretations are effective for the year ended 31 March 2022. These 
are considered either not relevant or to have no material impact on the Group. 

There are no standards that are issued but not yet effective that would be expected to have a material impact on the 
Group in the current or future reporting periods or on foreseeable future transactions.

Vianet Group plc 

49

Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

1. 

Significant accounting policies (continued)

Issued date

New Standards

IFRS 17 Insurance contracts 
including Amendments to IFRS 17 
(issued on 25 June 2020)

18-May-17 
and  

25-June-20

IASB 
mandatory 
effective date 
(UK mandatory 
effective date)  

UK Adoption 
status (EU 
pre 31 
December 
2020)

EU
Endorsement 
Status

01-Jan-23

TBC

Endorsed

Amendments to Existing Standards

Amendments to IAS 1: 
Classification of Liabilities as 
Current or Non-current

Amendments to:
• 
• 

 IFRS 3 Business Combinations; 
 IAS 16 Property, Plant and 
Equipment; 
 IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent 
Liabilities and Contingent 
Assets

• 

Annual Improvements to IFRSs 
(2018-2020 Cycle):
• 
• 
• 

IFRS 1
IFRS 9
 Illustrative Examples 
accompanying IFRS 16
IAS 41

• 

23-Jan-20

01-Jan-23

TBC 

TBC 

14-May-20

01-Jan-22

Adopted by 
UKEB

    Endorsed

14-May-20

01-Jan-22

Adopted by 
UKEB

Endorsed

Amendment to IFRS 16 Leases 
Covid 19-Related Rent Concessions 

Amendments to IFRS 4 Insurance 
Contracts – deferral of IFRS 9  

Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, 
IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 Interest 
Rate Benchmark Reform – Phase 2  

Amendments to IAS 8 - Definition of 
Accounting Estimates  

Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS 
Practice Statement 2 - Disclosure 
of Accounting policies  

Amendments to IFRS 16 - Covid-
19-Related Rent Concessions 
beyond 30 June 2021 

Amendments to IAS 12 - Deferred 
Tax related to Assets and Liabilities 
arising from a Single Transaction 

Amendment to IFRS 17 - Initial 
Application of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 - 
Comparative Information

28-May-20

01-June-20

Endorsed 

Endorsed 

25-June-20

01-Jan-21

27-August-20

01-Jan-21

Adopted by 
UKEB 

 Adopted by 
UKEB 

Endorsed 

 Endorsed

12-Feb-21

01-Jan-23

12-Feb-21

01-Jan-23

TBC

TBC

Endorsed

Endorsed

31-Mar-21

01-April-21

Adopted by 
UKEB

Endorsed

07-Feb-21

01-Jan-23

TBC

09-Dec-21

01-Jan-23

TBC

TBC

TBC

Vianet Group plc

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

50 

Significant accounting policies (continued)

1. 
1.20  Exceptional Items
The Group seeks to highlight certain items as exceptional operating income or costs. These are considered to be 
exceptional in size, frequency and/or nature rather than indicative of the underlying day to day trading of the Group. 
These  may  include  items  such  as  acquisition  costs,  restructuring  costs,  obsolescence  costs,  employee  exit  and 
transition costs, legal costs, corporate activity costs, material profits or losses on disposal of property, plant and 
equipment, profits or losses on the disposal of subsidiaries, loan impairment, contingent consideration fair value or 
pandemic costs. All of these items are charged or credited before calculating overall operating profit or loss. Material 
profits or losses on disposal of property, plant and equipment are shown as separate items in arriving at operating 
profit  or  loss  whereas  other  exceptional  items  are  charged  or  credited  within  operating  costs  and  highlighted  by 
analysis. The Directors apply judgement in assessing the particular items, which by virtue of their size and nature 
are disclosed separately in the Statement of Comprehensive Income and the notes to the financial statements as 
exceptional items. The Directors believe that the separate disclosure of these items is relevant to understanding the 
Group’s financial performance.

1.21  Government Grants and Other Government Assistance
Government grants shall be recognised when there is reasonable assurance that:

(a)  
(b)  

the entity will comply with the conditions attaching to them; and
the grants will be received.

Grants related to income are presented as part of profit or loss and are deducted in reporting the related expense. 
Government  grants  are  recognised  in  profit  or  loss  on  a  systematic  basis  over  the  periods  in  which  the  Group 
recognises as an expense the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

The Group has received access to the UK Government’s Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme during the year, with 
amounts equal to 80% of employee salaries being claim under the scheme.

In addition, the Group received further Government assistance in the form of VAT deferral agreement for 12 months 
from April 2021 through January 2022

2.  Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
2.1  Significant judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and 
related disclosures. The estimates and underlying assumptions are based on historical experience and various other 
factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. This forms the basis of making the judgements 
about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.

Actual results may however differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on 
an ongoing basis. Changes in accounting estimates may be necessary if there are changes in the circumstances on 
which the estimate was based, or as a result of new information or further information. Such changes are recognised 
in the period in which the estimate is revised.

Certain accounting policies are particularly important to the preparation and explanation of the Group’s financial 
information. Key assumptions about the future and key sources of estimation uncertainty that have a significant risk 
of causing a material adjustment to the carrying value of assets and liabilities over the next twelve months are set 
out below.

Impairment of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment (Judgement)

The Group tests goodwill at least annually for impairment, as required by IAS36. All other intangible assets and property, 
plant and equipment are tested for impairment when indicators of impairment exist. Impairment is determined with 
reference to the higher of fair value less costs to sell or value in use. Value in use is estimated using adjusted future 
cash flows and referenced to WACC/discount rates ranging between 8% and 14%. Significant assumptions are made in 
estimating future cash flows about future events including future market conditions and future growth rates. Changes 
in these assumptions could affect the outcome of impairment reviews. See notes 10 to 12.

Vianet Group plc 

51

Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

2.  Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty (continued)

Intangible assets acquired in a business combination (Estimate)

Intangible  assets  acquired  in  a  business  combination  including  customer  contracts  and  customer  lists  are 
recognised  when  they  are  identifiable  or  arise  from  contractual  or  other  legal  rights  and  their  fair  value  can  be 
reliably measured. Fair value is estimated using risk adjusted future cash flows. Significant assumptions are made 
in  estimating  future  cash  flows  about  future  events  including  future  market  conditions  and  future  growth  rates. 
Changes in these assumptions could affect fair values. 

Where appropriate, intangible assets identified in business combinations have been recognised in accordance with 
the provisions of IFRS 3 (Business Combinations) and IAS 38 (Intangible Assets). Intangible assets have only been 
recognised where they have identifiable future economic benefits that are controlled by the entity, it is probable that 
these benefits will flow to the entity and their fair value can be measured reliably.

Detailed disclosure in respect of this estimate is included within Note 11 of these financial statements.

Development costs (Judgement)

Careful judgement by the directors is applied when deciding whether the recognition requirements for development 
costs have been met. This is necessary as the economic success of any product development is uncertain and may 
be subject to future technical problems at the time of recognition. Recognition is based on judgements at the time 
expenditure is incurred. In addition, all internal activities related to the research and development of new software 
products are continuously monitored by the directors.

Contingent Consideration valuation following Lookoutsolutions Acquisition (Estimate)

The  directors  have  carefully  considered  the  carrying  value  of  the  contingent  consideration  using  the  budget  for 
the forthcoming financial year along with other potential contract wins and potential EBIT profit adjustments. The 
earnout period ended on 31 March 2022 when a contingent consideration release of £76k was recognised.

COVID 19
Refer to Director Review at the front of these accounts.

In considering the going concern aspect of the business, the Directors paid due regard to the actions taken specifically 
in FY21 and FY22 around customer varied contracts to support them and generate a revenue stream, revised financial 
forecasts based on contracted varied revenue streams and how they impacted our financial facility streams, bank 
and cash reserve facilities pre Covid trading levels in FY20 and the Government roadmap out of Covid during FY22.

Covid-19 has impacted key estimates and judgements in H1 of FY22, including the cash flow forecasts used for the 
Going Concern assessment (as covered in both the Chairman review and Directors report) and in assessing whether 
an impairment is needed for Goodwill and other intangible assets. Further detail on this assessment can be found 
in Note 10.

3. 

Segment reporting

Business segments

An operating segment is a component of an entity that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues 
and incur expenses. The segment operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker to 
make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance. Vianet Group is analysed 
into to two trading segments (defined below) being Smart Zones (mainly adopted in the leisure sector, including US 
(particularly in pubs)) and Smart Machines (mainly adopted in the vending sector (particularly in vending machines)) 
supported by Corporate/Technology & stores costs. 

The products/services offered by each operating segment are:

Smart Zones: Data insight & actionable data services, design, product development, sale and rental of fluid monitoring 
equipment.

Smart Machines: Data insight & actionable data services, design product development, sale and rental of machine 
monitoring and contactless payment equipment.

52 

Vianet Group plc

Segment reporting (continued)

3. 
Corporate/Technology: Centralised Group overheads along with technology and stores related costs for the Group.

The inter-segment sales are immaterial. Segment results, assets and liabilities include items directly attributable to 
a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. Unallocated assets and liabilities comprise 
items  of  deferred  tax.  Segment  capital  expenditure  is  the  total  cost  incurred  during  the  year  to  acquire  segment 
assets that are expected to be used for more than one period.

2022

Continuing	Operations	
(post	exceptional	items)	

Total revenue 
Of which is recurring 

Pre-exceptional segment result 
Exceptional costs 
Post exceptional segment result 
Finance costs 

Profit/(loss) before taxation 
Taxation 

Profit for the year from continuing operations 

Other information
Additions to property, plant
equipment and intangible assets 
Depreciation and amortisation 

Smart	
Zones	
£000	

7,831 
7,491 

1,887 
(7) 
1,880 
(130) 

1,750 

Smart	
Machines	
£000	

Corporate/
Technology	
£000	

5,384 
4,121 

1,564 
32 
1,596 
(8) 

1,588 

- 
- 

(3,366) 
(146) 
(3,512) 
- 

(3,512) 

Total
£000

13,215
11,612

85
(121)
(36)
(138)

(174)
361

187

374 
751 

909 
527 

1,169 
1,406 

2,452
2,684

Recurring revenue is contracted revenue payable monthly over the length of the customer contract

Segment assets 
Unallocated assets 

Total assets 

Segment liabilities 
Unallocated liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Smart	
Zones	
£000	

27,489 
- 

27,489 

7,187 
- 

7,187 

Smart	
Machines	
£000	

Corporate/
Technology	
£000	

4,083 
- 

4,083 

- 
- 

- 

1,368 
386 

1,754 

404 
- 

404 

Total
£000

32,940
386

33,326

7,591
-

7,591

Vianet Group plc 

53

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

Segment reporting (continued)

3. 
2021

Continuing	Operations	
(post	exceptional	items)	

Total revenue 
Of which is recurring 

Pre-exceptional segment result 
Exceptional costs 
Post exceptional segment result 
Finance costs 

(Loss)/profit before taxation 
Taxation 

Loss for the year from continuing operations 

Other information
Additions to property, plant
equipment and intangible assets 
Depreciation and amortisation 

Smart	
Zones	
£000	

3,953 
3,656 

85 
(81) 
4 
(28) 

(24) 

Smart	
Machines	
£000	

Corporate/
Technology	
£000	

4,416 
3,806 

858 
(147) 
711 
(23) 

688 

- 
- 

(3,372) 
(115) 
(3,487) 
1 

(3,486) 

Total
£000

8,369
7,462

(2,429)
(343)
(2,772)
(50)

(2,822)
867

(1,955)

945 
651 

469 
505 

1,202 
1,076 

2,616
2,232

Recurring revenue is contracted revenue payable monthly over the length of the customer contract

Segment assets 
Unallocated assets 

Total assets 

Segment liabilities 
Unallocated liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Analysis of revenue by category

Continuing operations 
Sale of goods 
- Smart Zones and Smart Machines 
Rendering of services 
- Smart Zones and Smart Machines 

Smart	
Zones	
£000	

27,534 
- 

27,534 

7,466 
- 

7,466 

Smart	
Machines	
£000	

Corporate/
Technology	
£000	

4,083 
- 

4,083 

- 
- 

- 

1,897 
26 

1,923 

485 
- 

485 

Total
£000

33,514
26

33,540

7,951
-

7,951

2022	
£000	

2021
£000

1,606 

906

Included in rendering of services is £2,189,000 (2021: £1,852,000) of income related to lessor income
Geographical analysis 
- United Kingdom 
- Rest of Europe 
- United States/Canada 

10,800 
2,237 
178 

13,215 

99% (2021: 99%) of the Rest of Europe revenue is derived from the Netherlands  

54 

Vianet Group plc

11,609 

13,215 

7,463

8,369

5,754
2,484
131

8,369

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment reporting (continued)

3. 
Major Clients
In 2022 there were two major clients that individually accounted for at least 10% of total revenues (2021: one client). 
The revenues relating to these clients in 2022 was £3.04m (2021: £1.27m)

Both clients are in the Smart Zones segment (2021: the client is within Smart Machines Segment)

4. 

Exceptional items

Corporate activity and Acquisition costs 
Disposal costs 
Staff transitional costs 
Contingent consideration release 
Network obsolesce costs 
Other 

2022	
£000	

127 
- 
61 
(76) 
5 
4 

121 

2021
£000

-
101
154
-
8
80

343

Corporate activity and acquisition costs relate to fees paid to corporate advisors in respect of prospective acquisitions 
and corporate evaluations.

Disposal  costs  last  year  related  to  the  exit  of  the  Stockport  property  lease,  disposal  of  associated  leasehold 
improvements and associated costs.

Staff  transitional  costs  relate  to  the  transition  of  people  and  management  to  ensure  we  have  to  succession  and 
calibre of people on board to deliver the strategic aims and aspirations of the Group.

The contingent consideration release refers to the acquisition of Lookout Solutions in 2011. This balance has now 
been  fair  valued  at  the  year  end  with  the  change  in  fair  value  recognised  through  the  income  statement  as  the 
deferred period has now closed as at 31 March 2022.

Loss for the year

5. 
The following items have been included in arriving at loss for the year:

Employee benefits expense (note 22) 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (note 12) 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment – right of use assets (note 12) 
Amortisation of intangible assets (note 11) 
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment 

2022	
£000	

6,330 
462 
27 
2,195 
83 

Vianet Group plc 

2021
£000

5,979
499
64
1,669
126

55

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

Loss for the year (continued)

5. 
Auditor’s remuneration

Services	to	the	company	and	its	subsidiaries	

Fees payable to the company’s auditor for the audit of the annual financial statements 
Fees payable to the company’s auditor and its associates for other services: 
Audit of the financial statements of the company’s subsidiaries pursuant to legislation 
Other services relating to tax – taxation compliance services 
Other services relating to tax – taxation advisory services 
Other services – corporate activity 

6.  Net finance costs

Interest payable on bank borrowings 
Interest payable on leasing arrangements 

Interest receivable on bank deposits 

Net Interest Payable 

Taxation

7. 
Analysis of credit in period:

Current tax expense 
- Amounts in respect of the current year 
- Amounts in respect of prior periods 

Deferred tax credit 
- Amounts in respect of the current year 
- Amendment re-recognition of losses 

Income tax credit 

 -

2022	
£000	

30 

51 
12 
20 
7 

120 

2022	
£000	

131 
7 

138 

2022	
£000	

- 

- 

138 

2022	
£000	

- 
- 

 -

(390) 
29 

(361) 

2021
£000

30

50
10
-
-

90

2021
£000

42
9

51

2021
£000

1

1

50

2021
£000

-
-

(846)
(21)

(867)

56 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxation (continued)

7. 
Reconciliation of effective tax rate
The tax for the 2022 period is lower (2021 was lower) than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK (2022: 19% 
and 2021: 19%). The differences are explained below:

Loss before taxation - Continuing operations 

Loss before taxation multiplied by rate of corporation tax in the UK of 19% (2021:19%)  
Effects of: 
Other expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Non-taxable income 
Losses not provided for 
Adjustments for prior years 
Research and development 
Other differences 

Total tax credit 

2022	
£000	

(174) 

(33) 

(20) 
(33) 
129 
29 
(488) 
55 

(361) 

2021
£000

(2,822)

(536)

15
16
82
(21)
(492)
69

(867)

Unutilised Trading Losses
The Group continues to carry forward unutilised trading losses of £8,460k (2021 restated: £6,679k). A Deferred Tax 
Asset  of  £1,607k  (2021  restated:  £1,269k)  has  been  recognised  as  at  31  March  2022  in  respect  of  the  unutilised 
trading losses. No further Deferred Tax Asset has been recognised because the Board envisages that a significant 
period of time will be required to generate sufficient profits to utilise the trading losses carried forward.

No deferred tax asset has been provided for in relation to the loss making US subsidiary.

Deferred Tax Assets of £1,607k is recognised in respect of unutilised trading losses and short-term timing differences. 
Deferred Tax Liabilities of £1,221k arise on timing differences in the carrying value of certain of the Company’s assets 
for financial reporting purposes and for corporation tax purposes. These will reverse as the fair value of the related 
assets are depreciated over time. Deferred Tax balances have been calculated at the rate of 19%, consideration have 
being given to an updated rate of 25% which will be effective from 1 April 2023.

Earnings per share

8. 
Earnings per share for the year ended 31 March 2022 was 0.65p (2021: loss per share (6.75)p)

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders being a profit 
of £187k (2021: Loss £1,955k) by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted earnings per share are calculated on the basis of profit for the year after tax divided by the weighted average 
number of shares in issue in the year plus the weighted average number of shares which would be issued if all the 
options granted were exercised

2022	

Basic	
earnings	
per	share	

Diluted	
earnings	
per	share	

Profit	
£000	

2021

Basic	
earnings	
per	share	

Diluted
earnings
per	share

Loss	
£000	

Post-tax profit attributable to equity shareholders 

187 

0.65p 

0.64p 

(1,955) 

(6.75)p 

(6.75)p

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 
Dilutive effect of share options 

Diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares 

2022	
Number	

2021
Number

28,949,491 
380,517 

28,953,414
-

29,330,008 

28,953,414

Due to the loss in the year to 31 March 2021 no dilutive effect of share options is required to be calculated.

Vianet Group plc 

57

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

9.  Ordinary dividends

Final dividend for the year ended 31 March 2021 of nil (year ended 31 March 2020: nil) 
Interim dividend paid in respect of the year of nil (2021: nil) 

Amounts recognised as distributions to equity holders 

2022	
£000	

- 
- 

- 

2021
£000

-
-

-

In addition, the directors are not proposing a final dividend in respect of the year ended 31 March 2022. Total dividend 
payable nil (2021: nil).

10.  Goodwill

Group	

Cost 
At 1 April and 31 March  

Accumulated impairment losses 
At 1 April and 31 March 

Net book amount 

2022	
£000	

2021
£000

17,856 

17,856

- 

-

17,856 

17,856

Goodwill  is  tested  for  impairment  annually  as  required  by  IAS36.  The  goodwill  impairment  test  is  performed  by 
comparing the carrying value of the CGU including associated goodwill with the aggregate recoverable amount.

The carrying value of goodwill is allocated to the following cash generating units:

Smart Zones 
Smart Machines 

Carrying amount 31 March 

2022	
£000	

15,384 
2,472 

17,856 

2021
£000

15,384
2,472

17,856

The recoverable amounts attributed are based on value in use calculations. The key assumptions made in undertaking 
the value in use calculations are set out below.

Budgeted  profit  and  cash  flow  forecasts  for  the  financial  year  ended  31  March  2023  were  extrapolated  for  a  ten 
year period using sector growth assumptions and used as the basis for the impairment review. The key assumption 
included within these is an improvement in profitability, based on committed (medium to long term contracts) and 
pipeline orders akin to pre-covid-19 trading performance. 

Budgets and assumptions are based around historical track record and committed medium to long term contracts. 
All property, plant and equipment and other intangibles have been allocated to their respective cash generating unit.

Research & Development, as well as other intangibles and Property, Plant and Equipment, has been allocated to the 
respective Smart Zone and Smart Machine divisions. The impairment review uses a WACC rate of 13.93% following 
an  independent  review  of  the  impairment  model  used.  Headroom  identified  using  these  base  case  assumptions 
amounted to £1.95m for Smart Zones and £20.60m for Smart Machines.  

Both business divisions were then further tested to identify at what point a question mark over whether impairment 
may be required. In respect of Smart Machines division, the WACC under this sensitivity was 29.5%, while for the Smart 
Zones division the WACC was 17.1%. Whilst the downside sensitivities calculated severely restricted the trading results 
and growth rates applied to the forecast period, the inclusion of a terminal value calculation which had previously been 
omitted, added significant headroom overall to the calculations. Given the remaining headroom available under the 
downside sensitivities prepared, in management’s opinion, there are no reasonably possible scenarios under which 
future impairment has been noted, and thus no further sensitivity disclosures have been included. 

58 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.  Goodwill (continued)
These  breaking  points,  in  managements  opinion,  do  not  raise  any  requirement  for  impairment  nor  represent 
scenarios which are considered reasonably possible and thus further sensitivity disclosures have not been included. 

Whilst Smart Machines had significant headroom under the base case model, Smart Zones is somewhat lower under 
the base case model and is justified as follows:

1) 

2) 

Smart Zones division regularly throws off profit and cash in broadly equal measure

Has a robust 10,000 unit estate that is largely owned by PE houses i.e. our main customers are PE backed and 
they have invested for a reason – they see the bottom end of the older estates as now divested and investment 
in expected

3)  We have new customers and existing customers investing in new systems so potential to grow the estate back

4) 

5) 

The managed market place represents a c12,000 pub opportunity in the UK

There is a freehold market representing c4,000 to 5,000

6)  We have identified off the shelf software solutions within stock control management which would accelerate 

the managed market opportunity

7) 

Ongoing performance is inline with expectations which delivers profit and cash generation.

11.  Other intangible assets

Group	

Cost 
At 31 March 2020 
Internally generated development costs 
Additions 

At 31 March 2021 
Internally generated development costs 
Additions 

At 31 March 2022 

Amortisation 
At 31 March 2020 
Charge for the year 

At 31 March 2021 
Charge for the year 

At 31 March 2022 

Net book amount
At 31 March 2022 

At 31 March 2021 

Capitalised	
development	
£000	

Order	
book	
£000	

Software	
£000	

Customer
contracts	
£000	

Patents	
£000	

Total
£000

9,704 
2,312 
- 

12,016 
1,975 
- 

13,991 

5,251 
1,257 

6,508 
1,777 

8,285 

5,706 

5,508 

281 
- 
- 

281 
- 
- 

281 

281 
- 

281 
- 

281 

- 

- 

430 
- 
21 

451 
- 
- 

451 

331 
44 

375 
38 

413 

38 

76 

3,229 
- 
- 

3,229 
- 
- 

3,229 

2,335 
356 

2,691 
356 

3,047 

182 

538 

128 
- 
15 

143 
- 
12 

155 

69 
12 

81 
24 

13,772
2,312
36

16,120
1,975
12

18,107

8,267
1,669

9,936
2,195

105 

12,131

50 

62 

5,976

6,184

The £1,975,000 of capitalised development costs represents expenditure developing technological advancements to 
ensure the group is at the forefront of technology that fulfils the requirement of IAS 38. These costs will be amortised 
when brought into use from April 2022 over 5 years. 

Included  within  the  net  book  value  of  capitalised  development  is  £nil  (2021:  £4,387,000)  relating  to  research  and 
development technology roadmaps in various stages of progress which is being amortised in accordance with the 
policies in note 1.7. 

Vianet Group plc 

59

 
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

12.  Property, plant and equipment

Group	

Cost 
At 31 March 2020 
Additions 
Additions – right of use assets 
Disposals 

At 31 March 2021 
Additions 
Disposals 

At 31 March 2022 

Accumulated depreciation 
At 31 March 2020 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 

At 31 March 2021 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 

At 31 March 2022 

Net book amount
At 31 March 2022 

At 31 March 2021 

Freehold		
Land	and	
buildings	
£000	

Leasehold	
Land	and	
buildings	
£000	

Plant,
vehicles	and	
equipment	
£000	

Fixtures	and
fittings	
£000	

3,163 
- 
- 
- 

3,163 
47 
(23) 

3,187 

829 
60 
- 

889 
60 
- 

949 

2,238 

2,274 

141 
- 
- 
(141) 

- 
- 
- 

- 

46 
9 
(55) 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

2,334 
201 
18 
(77) 

2,476 
381 
(371) 

2,486 

1,132 
411 
(36) 

1,507 
358 
(289) 

1,576 

910 

969 

2,165 
67 
- 
(15) 

2,217 
37 
- 

2,254 

2,001 
83 
(15) 

2,069 
71 
- 

2,140 

114 

148 

Total
£000

7,803
268
18
(233)

7,856
465
(394)

7,927

4,008
563
(106)

4,465
489
(289)

4,665

3,262

3,391

Included in the net carrying amount of property, plant and equipment as at 31 March 2022, are right-of-use assets 
as follows:

Motor vehicles 

As at 31 March 2021, right-of-use assets were as follows:

Motor vehicles 

	Carrying		
amount	
£’000	

	Depreciation
expense	
£’000	

	Impairment
£’000

 24 

 24 

 27 

  27 

  -

  -

	Carrying		
amount	
£’000	

	Depreciation
expense	
£’000	

	Impairment
£’000

 33 

 33 

  64 

  64 

  -

  -

The right-of-use assets are included in the same line item as where the corresponding underlying assets would be 
presented if they were owned.

The bank has a fixed and floating charge over all assets of the Group.

60 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
		
	
	
		
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
		
	
	
		
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
13. 

Inventories

Finished goods 
Provision on finished goods 

2022	
£000	

1,629 
(56) 

1,573 

2021
£000

1,488
(57)

1,431

No reversal of previous write-downs was recognised as a reduction of expense in 2022 or 2021. In 2022 £2,711,000 
(2021:  £1,259,000)  was  included  in  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income  under  cost  of  sales.  None  of  the 
inventories are pledged as securities for liabilities.

The Group’s inventories comprise of products, which are not generally subject to rapid obsolescence on account of 
technological, deterioration in condition or market trends. Consequently, management considers that there is little 
risk of significant adjustments to the Group’s inventory assets within the next financial year.

14.  Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables 
Other receivables 
Prepayments  
Contract Assets 

2022	
£000	

2,171 
5 
365 
149 

2,690 

2021
£000

2,276
7
457
18

2,758

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates their fair value.

The carrying amounts of trade and other receivables are considered to be reasonable approximations to fair value.

The Group’s trade receivables have been reviewed for expected credit losses. Provisions have been made amounting 
to £83,000 (2021: £111,000). It is considered that expected credit loss for receivables balances less than six months is 
immaterial. Movements on provisions for doubtful debts on trade receivables are as follows:

Loss allowance as at 1 April 2021 calculated under IFRS9 
Loss allowance unused and reversed during the year 
Loss allowance provided 

Loss allowance as at 31 March 2022 

The expected credit loss for trade receivables as at 31 March 2022 was determined as follows:

Expected credit loss rate 
Gross carrying amount 
Lifetime expected credit loss 

Current	

0% 
1,425 
- 

Less	than	3	
months	

Less	than	6	
months	

More	than	6	
months	

0% 
737 
- 

5% 
169 
11 

100% 
72 
72 

The expected credit loss for trade receivables as at 31 March 2021 was determined as follows:

Expected credit loss rate 
Gross carrying amount 
Lifetime expected credit loss 

Vianet Group plc 

Current	

0% 
1,074 
- 

Less	than	3	
months	

Less	than	6	
months	

More	than	6	
months	

0% 
824 
- 

0% 
329 
- 

62% 
178 
111 

£000

111
(111)
83

83

Total

-
2,403
83

Total

-
2,405
111

61

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

15.  Trade and other payables

Trade payables 
Other taxation and social security 
Corporation tax liability 
Accruals 
Contract Liabilities  
Contingent consideration 

2022	
£000	

1,194 
477 
- 
1,074 
222 
16 

2,983 

2021
£000

784
771
-
1,266
414
22

3,257

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates their fair value.

Contract Liabilities arises when a customer pays the Group in advance (in advance is defined at more than one monthly 
period) for unfulfilled performance obligations relating to data insight. The entity has contracts spanning from two 
to four years at the year end. The deferred income will be released to the income statement as the performance 
obligations are met. Revenue recognised in the reporting period that was included in the contract liability balance 
at the beginning of the period was £413k (2021: £477k). No revenue has been recognised in the reporting period in 
respect of performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.

Contingent consideration has been included in both current liabilities and other payables due to the nature of the 
maturity. The Group has one contingent consideration liability, from the acquisition of Lookoutsolutions Limited in 
October 2011. The final payment in respect of liability of £16k is due to be paid by 30 September 2022

The contingent consideration period for Lookoutsolutions Limited was 10 years to March 2022. The expected cash 
outflows  in  respect  of  the  Lookoutsolutions  Limited  contingent  consideration  have  not  been  discounted  (2021: 
discounted by 12%).

16.  Other payables

Contingent consideration 

2022	
£000	

- 

- 

2021
£000

86

86

The consideration has been included in both current liabilities and other payables due to the nature of the maturity. The 
Group has one contingent consideration liability, from the acquisition of Lookout Solutions Limited in October 2011.

The contingent consideration period for Lookout Solutions Limited was 10 years to March 2022. The expected cash 
outflows  in  respect  of  the  Lookout  Solutions  Limited  contingent  consideration  have  not  been  discounted  (2021: 
discounted by 12%).

Further details of the accounting treatment for the contingent consideration is included in Note 2 and Note 15 of 
these financial statements.

17.  Leases

Current	

Lease liability 

Non-current	

Lease liability 

62 

2022	
£000	

25 

25 

2022	
£000	

- 

 -

2021
£000

53

53

2021
£000

-

Vianet Group plc

 -

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
17.  Leases (continued)
During the year, the group capitalised £nil (2021: £18k) of right of use assets. These were capitalised in accordance 
with IFRS16 and are amortised over the remaining length of the lease.

The Group has leases for some vehicles. With the exception of a short term property lease, each lease is reflected 
on the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. The Group classifies its right-of-use assets in a 
consistent manner to its property, plant and equipment (see Note 12).

Leases of vehicles are generally limited to a lease term of 3 to 4 years. 

Lease payments are fixed over the term of the lease.

Each lease generally imposes a restriction that the right-of-use asset can only be used by the Group. Leases are 
either non-cancellable or may only be cancelled by incurring a substantive termination fee.

Some leases contain an option to purchase the underlying leased asset outright at the end of the lease, or to extend 
the lease for a further term. The Group is prohibited from selling or pledging the underlying leased assets as security. 
For leases over vehicles, the Group must keep those vehicles legally maintained and roadworthy and must return in 
a good condition at the end of the lease. 

18.  Borrowings

Current	

Bank overdraft 
Bank loans 

Non-current	

Bank loans 

2022	
£000	

1,317 
993 

2,310 

2022	
£000	

2,273 

2,273 

2021
£000

-
1,265

1,265

2021
£000

3,290

3,290

Bank loans are denominated in £ sterling and bear interest based on Bank of Scotland Base Rate plus a rate of 
between 1% and 4%. The bank loans are secured by a fixed charge over the land and buildings of the Group.

The availability of the bank overdraft is £1.5m, which has been renewed through to 31 May 2023 with a further note of 
support from the bank stating they see no reason why facilities will not be renewed to 31 May 2024.

The effective interest rates on the Group’s borrowings were as follows above base rate:

Bank overdrafts 
Bank borrowings - CBIL loan 
Bank borrowings – Acquisition loan 
Bank borrowings – commercial mortgage 

The maturity profile of the Group’s non-current bank loans was as follows:

Vianet Group plc 

2022	
%	

2.75 
3.65 
3.10 
1.00 

2021
%

2.50
3.65
3.10
1.00

63

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

18.  Borrowings (continued)

Between one and two years 
Between two and five years 

2022	
£000	

756 
1,517 

2,273 

2021
£000

1,749
1,541

3,290

The Group’s bank borrowings bear interest at floating rates, which represent prevailing market rates.

None of the above cash flows have been discounted.

19.  Financial Instruments
The Group is exposed on a minimal basis to market risk through its use of a US Dollar and a Euro account. The Group’s 
risk management is co-ordinated by the directors who focus actively on securing the Group’s short to medium term 
cash flows through regular review of all the operating activities of the business.

The  Group  does  not  actively  engage  in  the  trading  of  financial  assets  for  speculative  purposes  nor  does  it  write 
options. The most significant financial risks to which the Group is exposed are described below.

Foreign currency sensitivity

Exposures to currency exchange rates arise from the Group’s overseas activities, all of which are denominated in 
US Dollars and Euros. Due to the non-material nature of the Group’s exposure to foreign currency risk, sensitivity 
analyses to movement in exchange rates are not produced.

Foreign currency denominated financial assets and liabilities are set out below.

Denominated	in	US	Dollars	

Financial assets 
Financial liabilities 

Exposure 

Denominated	in	Euros	

Financial assets 
Financial liabilities 

Exposure 

2022	
$000	

43 
- 

43 

2022	
€000	

329 
- 

329 

2021
$000

7
-

7

2021
€000

10
-

10

The Group has no long term foreign exchange exposure.

At the beginning, during and end of the year, the Group had no unexpired forward foreign exchange contracts.

Credit risk analysis

The Group’s exposure to credit risk is limited to the carrying amount of financial assets recognised at the balance 
sheet date and which are set out below.

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and receivables 
Contract Assets 

64 

2022	
£000	

1,583 
2,176 
149 

3,908 

2021
£000

1,894
2,283
18

4,195

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19.  Financial Instruments (continued)
The Group continuously monitors credit risk of customers and other counterparties and incorporates this information 
into its credit risk controls. The Group takes up trade references on all new customers and its policy is to deal only 
with credit worthy companies.

None of the Group’s financial assets are secured by collateral or other credit enhancements.

In  respect  of  trade  and  other  receivables,  the  Group  is  not  exposed  to  any  significant  credit  risk  exposure  to  any 
single counterparty or any group of counterparties having similar characteristics. The credit risk for liquid funds is 
considered negligible, since the counterparty is a reputable bank with a high quality external credit rating, therefore 
no significant mitigating actions are required in respect of credit risk.

The  Group  uses  an  expected  credit  loss  model  for  impairment  that  represents  its  estimate  of  incurred  losses  in 
respect of the Trade Receivables as appropriate.  

The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measure expected credit losses using a lifetime expected credit 
loss provision for trade receivables and contract assets. The expected loss rates are based on the Group’s historical 
credit losses experienced over the two year period prior to the period end. 

The historical loss rates are then adjusted for current and forward-looking information on macroeconomic factors 
affecting  the  Group’s  customer.  Under  the  expected  credit  loss  model  impairment  allowance  wasn’t  material 
resulting in no provision being made.

Liquidity risk analysis

The  Group  manages  its  liquidity  needs  by  carefully  monitoring  all  scheduled  cash  outflows.  Liquidity  needs  are 
monitored in various time bands, on a day-to-day and week to week basis, as well as on the basis of a rolling eight 
week  projection.  Longer  term  needs  are  monitored  as  part  of  the  Group’s  regular  rolling  monthly  reforecasting 
process. The Group’s policy is to ensure that it will always have sufficient cash to allow it to meet its liabilities when 
they become due. Budgets and forecasts are agreed and set by the Board in advance to ensure the Group’s cash 
requirement to be anticipated.

This has all been formally considered in the going concern review of the business and the facilities we have access to. 

The  maturity  profile  of  the  Group’s  financial  liabilities  at  the  reporting  dates,  based  on  contractual  undiscounted 
payments including lease payments, are summarised below:

At	31	March	2022	

Upto	3	months	
£000	

Between	3	and	

Between	1		
12	months	£000	 and	5	years	£000	

Over	5	years
£000

Trade payables and other payables  
Loans and borrowings 
Lease liabilities 

Total 

At	31	March	2021	

Trade payables and other payables  
Loans and borrowings 
Lease liabilities 

Total 

Vianet Group plc 

1,687 
1,659 
25 

3,371 

1,296 
651 
- 

1,947 

- 
2,273 
- 

2,273 

-
-
-

-

Upto	3	months	
£000	

Between	3	and	

Between	1		
12	months	£000	 and	5	years	£000	

Over	5	years
£000

1,719 
316 
13 

2,048 

1,538 
949 
40 

2,527 

86 
3,290 
- 

3,376 

-
-
-

-

65

	
	
	
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

19.  Financial Instruments (continued)

Categories of financial assets and financial liabilities

Accounting  policy  1.15  provides  a  description  of  each  category  of  financial  assets  and  liabilities  and  the  related 
accounting policies. The carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities in each category are as follows:

31	March	2021	
Financial	assets	

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables 

Total assets 

31	March	2022	
Financial	liabilities	

Non-current borrowings  
Current borrowings 
Trade payables 
Contingent consideration 

Total financial liabilities 

31	March	2021	
Financial	assets	

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables 

Total assets 

31	March	2021	
Financial	liabilities	

Non-current borrowings  
Current borrowings 
Trade payables 
Contingent consideration 

Total financial liabilities 

Amortised	
cost	
£000	

1,583 
2,176 

  3,759 

Amortised	
cost	
£000	

2,273 
2,310 
1,194 
- 

5,777 

Amortised	
cost	
£000	

1,894 
2,283 

 4,177 

Amortised	
cost	
£000	

3,290 
1,265 
784 
- 

5,339 

FVTPL
£000

-
-

-

FVTPL
£000

-
-
-
18

     18

FVTPL
£000

-
-

-

FVTPL
£000

-
-
-
108

108

Capital management policies and procedures

The Group’s capital management objectives are to ensure its ability to continue as a going concern and to provide an 
adequate return to shareholders by pricing products and services commensurately with the level of risk.

No supplier financing arrangements or credit insurance is in place.

The Group’s dividend policy is to monitor reserves available for distribution to shareholders.

The Group monitors capital on the basis of carrying amount of equity less cash and cash equivalents as presented on 
the face of the balance sheet. Capital for the reporting periods under review is set out below.

66 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19.  Financial Instruments (continued)

Total equity 
Less cash equivalents 

2022	
£000	

25,735 
(1,583) 

24,152 

2021
£000

25,589
(1,894)

23,695

The Group is not subject to external imposed capital requirements and any bank covenants have been relaxed until 
March and September 2023, other than the minimum capital requirements and duties regarding reduction of capital 
as imposed by the Companies Act 2006 for all public limited companies.

Fair value measurements

Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value in the statement of financial position are grouped into 
three levels of a fair value hierarchy. The three levels are defined based on the observability of significant inputs to 
the measurement, as follows:

•  

•  

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, 
either directly or indirectly

•  

Level 3: unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The following table shows the levels within the hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on 
a recurring basis:

31	March	2022	

Financial assets 
Debenture 

Total financial assets 

31	March	2021	

Financial assets 
Debenture 

Total financial assets 

31	March	2022	

Financial liabilities 
Contingent consideration 

Total financial liabilities 

31	March	2021	

Financial liabilities 
Contingent consideration 

Total financial liabilities 

Level	1	
£000	

Level	2	
£000			

Level	3		
		£000	

- 

- 

- 

  - 

Level	1	
£000	

Level	2	
£000			

Level	3		
		£000	

- 

- 

- 

  - 

Level	1	
£000	

Level	2	
£000			

Level	3		
		£000	

- 

- 

- 

  - 

Level	1	
£000	

Level	2	
£000			

Level	3		
		£000	

- 

- 

86 

  86 

The following valuation techniques are used for instruments categorised as level 3:

Vianet Group plc 

Total
£000	

-

-

Total
£000	

-

-

Total
£000	

-

-

Total
£000	

86

86

67

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

19.  Financial Instruments (continued)

Debenture 

The fair value of this balance is based on the expected future cash flows to be received from the entity, taking into 
consideration a risk premium.

Contingent consideration 

The fair value of the contingent consideration related to the acquisitions of Vendman Systems Limited and Lookout 
Solutions Limited are estimated using a present value technique. The fair value is estimated based on the expected 
target level achieved. The inputs into the fair value have been disclosed in notes 2.1, 15 and 16.

20.  Deferred tax
Deferred tax is calculated in full on temporary differences under the liability method using a tax rate of 19% (2021: 19%).

The movement on the deferred tax account is as shown below:

Deferred tax asset

At 1 April (as previously restated) 
Prior year adjustment through opening reserves (note 30) 
At 1 April (as restated) 
Profit and loss credit in respect of losses realised 

At 31 March 

Deferred tax liability

At 1 April 
Profit and loss credit in respect of timing differences 

At 31 March 

2022	
£000	

1,269 
- 
1,269 
338 

1,607 

2022	
£000	

(1,243) 
23 

(1,221) 

As	restated
2021
£000

510
(210)
300
969

1,269

2021
£000

(1,141)
(102)

(1,243)

Net position per the Balance sheet at 31 March 

386 

26

Deferred tax has been recognised during the year in respect of tax losses in certain of the group’s subsidiaries as 
the Directors believe there is sufficient certainty over the extent and timing of their recovery to do so. Included in the 
amount of £1,607k (2021 restated: £1,269k) are amounts of £1,607k relating to tax losses (2021 restated: £1,269k).

21. 

Issued share capital

Issued and fully paid 
Ordinary shares of 10p each: 28,808,914 (2021: 28,953,414) 

2022	
£000	

2021
£000

2,880 

2,895

During the year, the company bought back and cancelled down 146,500 shares as part of an approved share buy back 
programme.

During the year, the company issued 2,000 shares from an employee share option exercise.

68 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
22.  Employees and directors
Employee benefit expense during the period

Wages and salaries 
Furlough receipts 
Social security costs 
Pension costs 
Share based payments 

2022	
£000	

5,633 
(105) 
505 
214 
83 

6,330 

2021
£000

6,273
(1,068)
482
219
73

5,979

Furlough receipts claimed during the year was £105k (2021: £1,068k). Furlough receipts are presented net within 
employee expenses.

Average monthly number of people (including directors) employed

2022	
Number	

2021
Number

Sales 
Engineering 
Volume Recovery 
Management 
Administration 

Key management personnel - Directors

Group	

Short term employment benefits 
Pension contributions 
Share based payments 

14 
21 
9 
4 
95 

143 

2022	
£000	

510 
27 
83 

620 

During the year one (2021:one) directors had benefits accruing under defined contribution pension schemes.
Highest paid director

2022	
£000	

221 
39 

260 

Short term employment benefits 
Pension contributions 

Vianet Group plc 

15
24
8
10
101

158

2021
£000

890
22
73

985

2021
£000

416
-

416

69

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

23.  Share-based payments
There are four share option plans in place the EMI Plan, the Executive Plan, the Employee Plan, and a Long Term 
Incentive Plan. Under the share option plans, the directors can grant options over shares in the company to employees. 
Options are granted with a fixed exercise price equal to the market value of the shares at the date of grant. The 
contractual life of an option is 10 years. Options granted under the EMI share option plans will become exercisable 
immediately, and options granted under the Executive Plan and the Employee Plan will become exercisable on the 
third anniversary of the date of grant. Exercise of an option is subject to continued employment.

Details of share options outstanding during the period (including those held by directors) are set out below:

At start of the financial year 
Exercised 
Granted 
Forfeited 
Lapsed 

At end of financial year 

Exercisable at end of financial year 

2022	

2021

Number	of	
share	options	

1,731,750 
(2,000) 
80,000 
(170,000) 
- 

1,639,750 

614,750 

Weighted	
average	
exercise	
price(p)	

76.9 
(85.0) 
72.0 
(96.1) 
- 

74.7 

89.0 

Number	of	
share	options	

1,312,550 
- 
525,000 
(50,000) 
(55,800) 

1,731,750 

716,750 

Weighted
average
exercise
price(p)

90.7
-
67.7
(63.5)
(96.5)

76.9

90.3

The below share options are serving Directors only:

Name	of	director	/		
senior	employee	

M H Foster 
M H Foster 
M H Foster 

Date	of	grant	

09/04/14 
21/12/15 
24/02/21 

Number	of	
options	

Exercise	
price	

Exercise	
date	

135,000 
124,000 
100,000 

85.0p 
103.0p 
72.0p 

- 
- 
- 

Weighted	
average	
share	price	
at	date	of	
exercise	

Gain	on	
exercise	

Exercise
period

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

10/04/17 to 09/04/24
21/12/18 to 20/12/25
24/02/24 to 23/02/31

Expected volatility was determined by discounting the weighted average volatility of comparable listed companies to 
a comparable private company volatility. The share price of £0.348 was agreed with HMR&C as the fair value of Vianet 
Group plc shares at the time of grant of the EMI options. The fair value of the other shares was as per market value 
at date of grant as shown above. The risk free rate of return is the yield on zero coupon UK government bonds of a 
term consistent with the assumed option life.

The fair value on the EMI Plan, the Executive Plan, the Employee Plan and the Employee Company Share Option Plan 
were all calculated under the Black Scholes model.

The  Group  recognised  an  expense  of  £83,000  (2021:  £73,000)  in  relation  to  equity  settled  share-based  payment 
transactions in the year.

Long Term Incentive Plan

The Group adopted a new Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) on 17 December 2015 and on 21 December 2015, awards 
were granted to two executive directors and three key management personnel under the scheme.

LTIP awards give a conditional right to a ‘cash payment’ at three separate points in time 30 June 2018, 30 June 2019 
and 30 June 2020. The amount of the cash payment is determined by the participant’s percentage entitlement to the 
award pool at each date, and the size of the award pool itself is based upon performance criteria relating to growth 
in the parent company’s share price and dividends over the period to 30 June 2020. There is no clawback of earlier 
awards if performance declines in later periods. The entitlement of Mark Foster in the overall award pool is 29%.  

70 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
23.  Share-based payments (continued)
Any cash payment awarded under the LTIP will (after the deduction of income tax and employee national insurance) 
be  used  to  acquire  a  number  of  shares  in  the  Company  based  upon  the  prevailing  market  value  on  behalf  of  the 
participant. Accordingly, the LTIP is accounted as an equity settled share based payment with a net settlement feature.

The fair value of the LTIP was calculated at the date of grant using the Monte Carlo Model and the following key 
assumptions:

	 21	December	2015

Expected volatility (%) 
Risk free rate (%) 
Expected dividend yield (%) 
Share price on grant date (p) 
Exercise price (p) 

The fair values of each award pool are the following: 
30 June 2018 
30 June 2019 
30 June 2020 

27.3
1.15
5.534
103.0
0

£000
305
143
108

24.  Related party transactions
IAS 24 (Related party transactions) requires the disclosure of the details of material transactions between reporting 
entities  and  related  parties.  Transactions  with  group  entities  are  eliminated  on  consolidation.  C  Williams,  a  non-
executive director, invoiced Vianet Group plc for fees totalling £nil (2021: £25,982). As at 31 March 2022, there was 
£nil outstanding (2021: £nil). D Coplin, a non-executive director, invoiced Vianet Group plc for fees totalling £nil (2021: 
£26,880). As at 31 March 2022 there was £nil outstanding (2021: £nil).

J W Dickson, a director of the Vianet Group plc, was also a director of Screenreach Interactive Limited, which he 
resigned from on 20 April 2021. Screenreach was a company which the Group historically provided a loan to. Interest 
receivable on this loan valued at £30,000 (2021 - £nil) is due from Screenreach Interactive Limited. The Group made 
sales of £nil (2021 - £nil) to Screenreach Interactive Limited.

IAS 24:17 required disclosures are included in Note 22

25.  Notes supporting statement of cash flows

Net debt as at 1 April 2020 
Cash flows 
Non-cash flows 
- Interest accruing in the period 

Net debt as at 31 March 2021 
Cash flows 
Non-cash flows 
- Interest accruing in the period 

Net debt as at 31 March 2022 

Borrowings	
due	within	
one	year	
£000	

Borrowings	
due	after	
one	year	
£000	

(664)* 
(651) 

50 

(1,265) 
134 

(670) 
(2,620) 

- 

(3,290) 
1,017 

138 

- 

(993)** 

(2,273) 

Total
£000

(1,334)
(3,271)

50

(4,555)
1,151

138

(3,266)

* The net debt as at 31 March 2020 for borrowing due within one year of £664k as stated here, does not agree to the 
Balance Sheet amount of £2,011, as this does not include the bank overdraft of £1,347k as at 31 March 2020.

** The net debt as at 31 March 2022 for borrowing due within one year of £993k as stated here, does not agree to the 
Balance Sheet amount of £2,310, as this does not include the bank overdraft of £1,317k as at 31 March 2022.

Vianet Group plc 

71

	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year  

ended 31 March 2022 (continued)

25.  Notes supporting statement of cash flows (continued)
Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the statement of cash flows comprises

Cash at bank available on demand 
Short term deposits 
Cash on hand 

Adjusted net cash generation 

2022	
£000	

1,581 
- 
2 

1,583 

2021
£000

93
1,800
1

1,894

No significant non-cash transactions from investing activities are noted.

Non-cash  transactions  from  financing  activities  are  shown  in  the  reconciliation  of  liabilities  from  financing 
transactions in Note 25.

26. Alternative Performance Measures
In  the  reporting  of  financial  information,  the  Directors  have  adopted  the  APMs  “Adjusted  operating  (loss)/profit”, 
“Adjusted  operating  cash  generation”,  and  “Adjusted  net  cash  generation”,  (APMs  were  previously  termed  ‘Non-
GAAP measures’), which is not defined or specified under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). 

These measures are not defined by IFRS and therefore may not be directly comparable with other companies’ APMS, 
including  those  in  the  Group’s  industry.  APMs  should  be  considered  in  addition  to,  and  are  not  intended  to  be  a 
substitute for, or superior to, IFRS measurements.

Purpose 

The  Directors  believe  that  this  APM  assists  in  providing  additional  useful  information  on  the  underlying  trends, 
performance and position of the Group. This APM is also used to enhance the comparability of information between 
reporting  periods  and  business  units,  by  adjusting  for  non-recurring  or  uncontrollable  factors  which  affect  IFRS 
measures, to aid the user in understanding the Group’s performance. 

Consequently, APMs are used by the Directors and management for performance analysis, planning, reporting and 
incentive setting purposes and this remains consistent with the prior year. Adjusted APMs are used by the Group 
in  order  to  understand  underlying  performance  and  exclude  items  which  distort  compatibility,  as  well  as  being 
consistent with public broker forecasts and measures.

Operating loss (IFRS measure) 
Add back/(deduct):
Amortisation charge 
Share based payments charge 
Exceptional items charge 

Adjusted operating (loss)/profit 

Operating cash generation (IFRS measure) 
Add back:
LTIP tax payment 

Adjusted operating cash generation 

2022	
£000	

(36) 

2,195 
83 
121 

2,363 

2022	
£000	

2,738 

- 

2,738 

2021
£000

(2,772)

1,669
73
343

(687)

2021
£000

(341)

-

(341)

72 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26. Alternative Performance Measures (continued)

Net cash generation (IFRS measure) 
Add back:
LTIP tax payment 

Adjusted net cash generation 

27. Post Balance Sheet Events
No post balance sheet events were noted.

2022	
£000	

2,397 

- 

2,397 

2021
£000

1,052

-

1,052

28. Controlling party
The Directors consider there to be no ultimate controlling party of the Group.

29. Prior period adjustment
A prior year adjustment has been made to restate deferred tax assets and opening reserves at 1st April 2020 (in 
the comparative period) to reflect the outcome of voluntary disclosures made to HMRC during 2022 in respect of 
previously disclosed tax losses relating to tax returns made between 2015 and 2020 that had not been picked up 
correctly historically, during tax review.

An issue was identified in relation to claims for third party subcontracted expenditure and EPW costs. The Group had 
treated 100% of the third party EPW costs and subcontracted expenditure as qualifying for R&D tax relief and had not 
applied, for both categories of expenditure, the statutory restriction to only include 65% of the qualifying costs within 
the claims. There was no restriction included on these costs in the R&D claims for the periods 31 March 2015 to 31 
March 2020 inclusive.  

Therefore, the Group had overclaimed R&D tax relief for these periods. The company’s R&D claims have only impacted 
the quantum of its trading losses carried forward in each affected period. No trading losses have historically been 
surrendered for an R&D credit and the tax profile of the Group is such that it will still be loss making in each affected 
period, even when taking account of reduced R&D claims for these periods.

The adjustment to losses brought forward represents six years’ worth of R&D claim adjustments, reflecting the full 
period that claims have inadvertently not applied the appropriate restriction.  

The  Group  did  not  surrender  any  of  the  brought  forward  trading  losses  for  an  R&D  tax  credit.  Therefore,  there 
is  no  underpaid  tax  because  of  this  incorrect  application  of  the  R&D  legislation  and  the  Group  have  undertaken 
an exercise to model the impact on carried forward loses for all periods in question. Given there is no underpaid 
tax, the cumulative adjustments from FY15 to FY20 inclusive have been included as an amendment to the trading 
losses brought forward figure in the FY21 computation. Deferred Tax Asset recognition for past trading losses has 
historically been included and therefore, overstated.  

An  adjustment  has  been  made  in  the  FY21  tax  returns  in  respect  of  the  above,  though  in  terms  of  accounting 
presentation, this has been amended by way of a prior period adjustment to opening reserves in the comparative 
period. There is no impact on comparative profit or loss or cash flows.

The effects of the restatements are set out in the table below:

Net deferred tax liability at 1 April 2020 
Net deferred tax asset at 31 March 2021 
Retained profit at 1 April 2020 
Retained profit at 31 March 2021 

Vianet Group plc 

Previously	
reported	
£000	

(631) 
236 
12,403 
10,548 

As
restated
£000

(841)
26
12,193
10,238

73

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY BALANCE SHEET
at 31 March 2022

Fixed assets 
Investments in subsidiaries 
Other intangible assets 
Tangible assets 

Current assets 
Debtors 
Cash at bank 

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year 

Net current assets 

Net assets 

Capital and reserves 
Ordinary share capital 
Share premium 
Share based payment reserve 
Merger reserve 
Capital redemption 
Retained earnings 

Total equity 

Note	

2 
3 
4 

5 

6 

7 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

2022	
£000	

5,065 
59 
15 

5,139 

10,635 
1,251 

11,886 

(429) 

11,457 

16,596 

2,880 
11,711 
499 
310 
15 
1,181 

16,596 

2021
£000

4,990
60
3

5,053

10,782
1,800

12,582

(501)

12,081

17,134

2,895
11,709
437
310
-
1,783

17,134

The company has taken the exemption under s408 of the Companies Act 2006 to not included the Company Statement 
of Comprehensive Income 

The company’s loss for the financial year was £497,000 (2021: loss £2,062,000).

The balance sheet was approved by the Board on 13 June 2022 and signed on its behalf by:

J Dickson
Director
Company number: 05345684

The accompanying accounting policies and notes form an integral part of the financial statements.

74 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
for the year ended 31 March 2022

At 1 April 2020 
Share based payments 

Transactions with owners 

Loss and total comprehensive
income for the year 

Share	
capital	
£000	

Share	
premium	
account	
£000	

2,895  11,709 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

At 31 March 2021/1 April 2021 

2,895  11,709 

Issue of shares 
Cancellation of shares 
Share based payments 
Share option forfeitures 

Transactions with owners 

Loss and total comprehensive
income for the year 

- 
(15) 
- 
- 

(15) 

- 

2 
- 
- 
- 

2 

- 

At 31 March 2022 

2,880  11,711 

Share
based
payment	
reserve	
£000	

364 
73 

73 

- 

437 

- 
- 
83 
(21) 

62 

- 

499 

Merger	
reserve	
£’000	

Capital	
Redemption	
£000	

Retained
profit	
£000	

Total
£000

310 
- 

- 

- 

310 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

310 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
15 
- 
- 

15 

- 

15 

3,845 
- 

19,123
73

- 

73

(2,062) 

(2,062)

1,783 

17,134

- 
(126) 
- 
21 

(105) 

 2
(126)  
83
-

(41)

(497) 

(497)

1,181 

16,596

The accompanying accounting policies and notes form an integral part of the financial statements.

Vianet Group plc 

75

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE COMPANY BALANCE SHEET

1.  Principal accounting policies
1.1  Statement of compliance
Going concern has been considered as part of the Group position. See section 1.1 on page 41.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with applicable accounting standards and in accordance 
with Financial Reporting Standard 101 - ‘The Reduced Disclosure Framework’ (FRS 101). The principle accounting 
policies  adopted  in  the  preparation  of  these  financial  statements  are  set  out  below.  These  policies  have  all  been 
applied consistently throughout the year unless otherwise stated.

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis.

The financial statements are presented in Sterling (£).

1.2  Disclosure exemptions
In preparing these financial statements the Company has taken advantage of all disclosure exemptions conferred by 
FRS 101. Therefore these financial statements do not include:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

A statement of cash flows and related notes

The requirement to produce a balance sheet at the beginning of the earliest comparative period

The  requirements  of  IAS  24  related  party  disclosures  to  disclose  related  party  transactions  entered  in  to 
between two or more members of the group as they are wholly owned within the group

Capital management disclosures

Presentation of comparative reconciliation of the number of shares outstanding at the beginning and at the end 
of the period

The effect of future accounting standards not adopted

Certain share based payments disclosures

Disclosures in relation to impairment of assets

Fair  value  measurement  disclosures  (other  than  disclosures  required  as  a  result  of  recording  financial 
instruments at fair value)

76 

Vianet Group plc

Income taxes

1.  Principal accounting policies (continued)
1.3 
Tax expense recognised in profit or loss comprises the sum of deferred tax and current tax not recognised in other 
comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Calculation of current tax is based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end 
of the reporting period. Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method.

Calculation of deferred tax is based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end 
of the reporting period that are expected to apply when the asset is realised or the liability is settled.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the 
entity expects to recover the related asset or settle the related obligation.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that the underlying tax loss or deductible temporary 
difference will be utilised against future taxable income. This is assessed based on the Company’s forecast of future 
operating results, adjusted for significant non-taxable income and expenses and specific limits on the use of any 
unused tax loss or credit. Deferred tax assets are not discounted.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised in full with the exception of the following: on the initial recognition 
of goodwill on investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures where the Company is able to control the timing of the 
reversal of the difference and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future on the initial 
recognition of a transaction that is not a business combination and at the time of the transaction affects neither 
accounting or taxable profit.

Deferred tax liabilities are not discounted.

Investment in subsidiaries

1.4 
Investments in subsidiary undertakings, associates and joint ventures are stated at cost less any applicable provision 
for impairment.

1.5  Employee share option schemes
All share-based payment arrangements are recognised in the financial statements in accordance with IFRS 2.

All goods and services received in exchange for the grant of any share-based payment are measured at their fair 
values.  Where  employees  are  rewarded  using  share-based  payments,  the  fair  values  of  employees’  services  are 
determined  indirectly  by  reference  to  the  fair  value  of  the  instrument  granted  to  the  employee.  This  fair  value  is 
appraised at the grant date and excludes the impact of non-market vesting conditions (for example, profitability and 
sales growth targets).

All equity-settled share-based payments are ultimately recognised as an expense in the profit and loss account with 
a corresponding credit to “share based payment” reserve. Subsidiary costs are treated as a capital contribution and 
added to the cost of investment.

Upon  exercise  of  share  options  the  proceeds  received  net  of  attributable  transaction  costs  are  credited  to  share 
capital, and where appropriate share premium.

Vianet Group plc 

77

Notes to the Company Balance Sheet (continued)

1.  Principal accounting policies (continued)
1.6   Tangible assets
Property plant and equipment (PPE) is initially recognised at acquisition cost or manufacturing cost, including any 
costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to the location and condition necessary for them to be capable of 
operating in the manner intended by the Company’s management.

Depreciation commences when an asset is available for use. Depreciation is charged so as to write off the depreciable 
amount of assets to their residual values over their estimated useful lives using a method that reflects the pattern in 
which the assets’ future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the Company.

Depreciation is charged in equal annual instalments over the following periods:

Fixtures and fittings 

4 years

Methods of depreciation, residual values and useful lives are reviewed and adjusted, if appropriate, at each balance 
sheet date.

The gain or loss arising from the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as 
the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item, and is included in the Group 
statement of comprehensive income.

1.7 

Intangible assets

Software

Purchased software are stated at cost net of amortisation and any provision for impairment.

Amortisation

Intangible assets are amortised on a straight-line basis, to reduce their carrying value to their residual value, over 
their estimated useful lives. The following useful lives were applied during the year:

Trademarks 
Purchased software 

expected length of trademark
5 years

Methods of amortisation, residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and if necessary adjusted, at each balance 
sheet date.

1.8   Intercompany balances
The Company provides for impairment for amounts due from subsidiary undertakings based on forward looking going 
concern assessments for the Group including its individual subsidiaries including and excluding Parent Company 
guarantees. 

The Company uses an expected credit loss model for impairment that represents its estimate of incurred losses in 
respect of the Amounts due from subsidiaries as appropriate. 

The Company applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measure expected credit losses using a lifetime expected 
credit  loss  provision  for  amounts  due  from  subsidiaries.  The  expected  loss  rates  are  based  on  the  Company’s 
historical credit losses experienced over the two year period prior to the period end. 

The historical loss rates are then adjusted for current and forward-looking information on macroeconomic factors 
affecting the Company’s subsidiaries. Under the expected credit loss model impairment allowance was considered 
relevant in respect of amounts due from Vianet Americas Inc, with 100% provision being made at 31 March 2022.

78 

Vianet Group plc

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. 

Investments in subsidiaries

Company	

Cost and net book amount: 
Shares in subsidiaries 
At 1 April 
Additions 

At 31 March 

2022	
£000	

2021
£000

4,990 
75 

5,065 

4,949
41

4,990

Additions relate to the subsidiary costs of the employee share option scheme.

The company owns the whole of the issued ordinary share capital of the following subsidiaries:

Subsidiary	

Shareholding	

Brulines Group Limited 
Vianet Americas Inc 
Vianet Limited 

100% 
100% 
100% 

Country	of
incorporation	
and	registration	

UK 
USA 
UK 

Principal	activity

Dormant
Leisure Solutions
Leisure Solutions

Brulines Limited and Vendman Systems Limited, are indirect investments via Vianet Limited in Leisure. 

The registered address of the above subsidiaries is:-

Brulines Group Limited – One Surtees Way, Surtees Business Park, Stockton On Tees, TS18 3HR

Vianet Americas Inc - 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, New Castle, DE, 19808

Vianet Limited - 4th Floor 115 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 4JN

3.  Other intangible assets

Patents	
£000	

Software	
£000	

Total
£000

Cost 
At 31 March 2020 
Additions 

At 31 March 2021 
Additions 

At 31 March 2022 

Amortisation 
At 31 March 2020 
Charge for the year 

At 31 March 2021 
Charge for the year 

At 31 March 2022 

Net book amount
At 31 March 2022 

At 31 March 2021 

Vianet Group plc 

101 
15 

116 
11 

127 

46 
10 

56 
12 

68 

59 

60 

165 
- 

165 
- 

165 

165 
- 

165 
- 

165 

- 

- 

266
15

281
11

292

211
10

221
12

233

59

60

79

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Company Balance Sheet (continued)

4. 

Tangible Assets

Cost 
At 31 March 2020 
Additions 

At 31 March 2021 
Disposals 

At 31 March 2022 

Accumulated depreciation 
At 31 March 2020 
Charge for the year 
Disposals  

At 31 March 2021 
Charge for the year 

At 31 March 2022 

Net book amount
At 31 March 2022 

At 31 March 2021 

5.  Debtors

Amounts due more than 1 year
Amounts due from subsidiaries 

Amounts due within 1 year
Other debtors 
Other taxation 

Fixtures
and	fittings
£000

45
(15)

30
17

47

39
3
(15)

27
5

32

15

3

2022	
£000	

2021
£000

10,565 

10,730

45 
25 

37
15

10,635 

10,782

All intercompany debt is repayable on demand. Interest is charged at base rate plus 2.5%.

The amounts due from subsidiaries have been reviewed for expected credit losses, and no further credit losses are 
expected. 

A provision against an amount due from a subsidiary totalling £1,613k has been made (2021: £1,538k). The subsidiary 
received funding of £75k during 2022 which was provided against.

80 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.  Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

Other payables 
Accruals 

7. 

Issued share capital

2022	
£000	

152 
277 

429 

2022	
£000	

2021
£000

99
402

501

2021
£000

Issued and fully paid 
Ordinary shares of 10p each: 28,808,914 (2021: 28,953,414) 

2,880 

2,895

During the year, the company bought back and cancelled down 146,500 shares as part of an approved share buy back 
programme.

During the year, the company issued 2,000 shares from an employee share option exercise.

Allotments during the year

Since the end of the financial year no shares have been issued under the share option scheme.

8. 

Share capital and reserves

Called-up share capital - represents the nominal value of shares that have been issued.

Share premium account - includes any premiums received on issue of share capital. Any transaction costs associated 
with the issuing of shares are deducted from share premium.

Capital redemption - represents the nominal value of shares repurchased and cancelled.

Share based payment reserve - represents the fair value of all share options issued by the Company which have yet 
to be exercised.

Merger reserve - excess of fair value of shares issued over nominal value when shares are issued in exchange for 
obtaining at least a 90% interest in the equity share capital of another entity.

Profit and loss account - includes all current and prior period retained profits and losses.

9.  Dividends

Final dividend for the year ended 31 March 2021 of nil (year ended 31 March 2020: nil) 
Interim dividend paid in respect of the year of nil (2021: nil) 

Amounts recognised as distributions to equity holders 

2022	
£000	

- 
- 

- 

2021
£000

-
-

-

In addition, the directors are not proposing a final dividend in respect of the year ended 31 March 2022. Total dividend 
payable nil (2021: nil).

Vianet Group plc 

81

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Company Balance Sheet (continued)

10.  Employees and directors
Employee benefit expense during the period

Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Pension costs 
Share based payments 

Average monthly number of people (including directors) employed

Management 

11.  Directors

Directors’ emoluments 
Pension contribution 

The amounts in respect of the highest paid director are as follows:

Directors’ emoluments 
Pension contribution 

2022	
£000	

510 
65 
27 
83 

685 

2022	
Number	

4 

 5

 4

2022	
£000	

510 
27 

537 

2022	
£000	

221 
39 

260 

2021
£000

847
107
22
73

1,049

2021
Number

5

2021
£000

890
22

912

2021
£000

416
-

416

For other Directors’ emoluments see page 19 in the Report of the Directors.

12.  Share-based payments
The company disclosures required under FRS 101 are identical to those required under IFRS. See Group accounts, 
note 23, for details.

13.  Parent Company Profit and Loss Account
The parent company has taken advantage of section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not included its own 
profit and loss account in these financial statements. The parent company’s loss for the financial year was £497,000 
(2021: loss £2,062,000).

82 

Vianet Group plc

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14.  Related Party Transactions
As permitted by FRS 101 related party transactions with wholly owned members of Vianet Group plc have not been 
disclosed.

Non-executive director payments were incurred in the company during this year.

IAS 24 (Related party transactions) requires the disclosure of the details of material transactions between reporting 
entities  and  related  parties.  Transactions  with  group  entities  are  eliminated  on  consolidation.  C  Williams,  a  non-
executive director, invoiced Vianet Group plc for fees totalling £nil (2021: £25,982). As at 31 March 2022, there was 
£nil outstanding (2021: £nil). D Coplin, a non-executive director, invoiced Vianet Group plc for fees totalling £nil (2021: 
£26,880). As at 31 March 2022 there was £nil outstanding (2021: £nil).

J W Dickson, a director of the Vianet Group plc, was also a director of Screenreach Interactive Limited, which he 
resigned from on 20 April 2021. Screenreach was a company which the Group historically provided a loan to. Interest 
receivable on this loan valued at £30,000 (2021 - £nil) is due from Screenreach Interactive Limited. The Group made 
sales of £nil (2021 - £nil) to Screenreach Interactive Limited.

See Group accounts, Report of the Directors for details of non-executive directors’ emoluments.

15. Post Balance Sheet Events
No post balance sheet events were noted.

Vianet Group plc 

83

NP0422.3540

DELIVERING REAL CHANGE THROUGH UNPARALLELED INSIGHT

One Surtees Way, Surtees Business Park, Stockton on Tees, TS18 3HR
www.vianetplc.com