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Volt Power Group Limited

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FY2022 Annual Report · Volt Power Group Limited
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VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Appendix 4E and Annual Report 

1.  Details of reporting period 

Reporting period: 
Previous corresponding period: 

12 months ended 31 December 2022 
12 months ended 31 December 2021 

2.  Results for announcement to the market 

Revenues from ordinary activities 
Profit / (loss) from ordinary activities after tax 
attributable to members 
Profit / (loss) for the period attributable to members 
Net tangible asset per share 

12 months ended 
31 December 2022 
$ 
3,258,065 
(345,259) 

12 months ended 
31 December 2021 
$ 
3,062,939 
663,567 

% 
Change 
6% 
-152% 

(345,259) 
0.0003 

663,567 
0.0004 

-152% 
-25% 

3.  Dividends/distributions 

No dividends were paid during the period, or in the prior period, and no dividends are proposed to be paid. 

4.  Details of entities over which control has been gained or lost during the period 

During the reporting period, the Company acquired the remaining ~30% interest in the issued capital of EcoQuip Australia 
Pty  Limited  and  its  controlled  entities  (EcoQuip),  increasing  the  Company’s  ownership  interest  from  70%  as  at  31 
December 2021 to 100% as at 31 December 2022. Further details are included in the accompanying Annual Report. 

5.  Commentary on results for the year 
Refer to the attached Annual Report. 

6.  Status of the audit 

The attached Annual Report has been audited.  

For and on behalf of the Board of Volt Power Group Limited. 

Adam Boyd 
Chairman  
Perth 
Dated: 28 February 2023 

Appendix 4E and Annual Report – For the year ended 31 December 2022 

         1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 

ABN 62 009 423 189  

ANNUAL REPORT 

For the year ended 31 December 2022 

    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

Contents 

Corporate Directory ................................................................................................................................................. 3 

Corporate Governance Statement ............................................................................................................................ 4 

Corporate and Operational Review ........................................................................................................................... 4 

Directors’ Report ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income ......................................................... 20 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position ........................................................................................................ 21 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity ....................................................................................................... 22 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows .................................................................................................................. 23 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements .................................................................................................... 24 

Directors' Declaration ............................................................................................................................................ 47 

Independent Audit Report ...................................................................................................................................... 48 

Investor Information .............................................................................................................................................. 52 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

Corporate Directory 

ABN: 62 009 423 189 

Directors 
Adam Boyd 
Executive Chairman 

Simon Higgins 
Non-Executive Director 

Peter Torre 
Non-Executive Director 

Paul Everingham 
Non-Executive Director 

Company Secretary 
Peter Torre 

Principal place of business 
6 Bradford Street 
Kewdale WA 6105 
ph (08) 9437 4966 

Registered office 
6 Bradford Street  
Kewdale WA 6105 

Share register 
Link Market Services Pty Ltd 
Level 12 
250 St George’s Terrace 
Perth WA 6000 

Auditor 
BDO Audit (WA) Pty Ltd 
Level 9 Mia Yellagonga Tower 2 
5 Spring Street 
Perth WA 6000 

Solicitors 
Thomson Greer 
Level 27, Exchange Tower 
2 The Esplanade 
Perth WA  6000 

Bankers 
Commonwealth Bank of Australia 
Corporate Financial Services 
Level 14C, 300 Murray Street 
Perth WA 6000 

Stock Exchange Listings 
Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) 
ASX Code: VPR 

Website 
www.voltpower.com.au 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

Corporate Governance Statement 
Volt Power Group Limited and the Board are committed to achieving and demonstrating the highest standards of corporate 
governance reasonably expected for a company of the size and nature of Volt Power Group Limited. Volt Power Group Limited 
has reviewed its corporate governance practices against the Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations (4th 
edition) published by the ASX Corporate Governance Council. 

The 2022 corporate governance statement is dated as at 28 February 2023 and reflects the corporate governance practices 
in place throughout the financial year. A description of the Group's current corporate governance practices is set out in the 
Group's corporate governance statement which can be viewed at www.voltpower.com.au/about. 

Corporate and Operational Review 
The directors provide you with the following corporate and operational review of the consolidated entity (referred to hereafter 
as the Group) consisting of Volt Power Group Limited ("Volt" or "the Company") and the entities it controlled at the end of, or 
during, the year ended 31 December 2022. 

1.  Summary 
(a)  Operations 

Corporate & Administration 

The salient Corporate activities during the period included: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

In  April  2022,  the  Company’s  subsidiary,  EcoQuip  Australia  Pty  Ltd  (EcoQuip)  successfully  secured  a  $2  million 
Equipment Finance Facility and $1 million Trade Finance Facility from Westpac Banking Corporation Limited (Westpac 
Credit Facilities).  

In April 2022, the Company appointed Mr Paul Everingham as a Non-Executive Director. Immediately prior to joining the 
Volt Board, Mr Everingham completed a 4-year tenure as the CEO of the Chamber of Minerals and Energy of Western 
Australia  (CME)  where  he  played  a  significant  leadership  role  in  co-ordinating  the  resource  sector  response  to  the 
COVID19 pandemic and building stronger relationships between the resources industry and the communities in which 
they operate. Mr Everingham founded and built GRA Everingham Corporate Advisory over a 10-year period from 2006 
establishing a reputation as one of Australia’s most influential government and corporate relations advisory businesses. 

The Company undertook a Chairman rotation during the period. Mr Adam Boyd accepted the role of Executive Chairman 
and Mr Simon Higgins that of Non-Executive Director of the Company. 

In November 2022, the Company acquired the remaining ~30% interest in the issued capital of EcoQuip Australia Pty 
Ltd (EcoQuip) from EcoQuip founder, Mr David Sharp and his family. The purchase consideration for the remaining 30% 
interest in EcoQuip not already owned by Volt comprised: 

1. 
2. 

A cash payment of $162,000 (funded by existing cash reserves); and 
The issue of 1,371,674,653 new fully paid ordinary shares in Volt representing a 12.8% shareholding in the 
Company. 

The new Volt shares issued are subject to a mutually agreed 24-month voluntary escrow period. 

ATEN (100% owned) – Waste heat to zero emission power generation 

The ATEN Technology and achievements during the period are as follows: 

• 

• 

The Company’s ATEN Technology is a baseload, zero emission waste heat to electricity generation solution that utilizes 
recovered low grade industrial waste heat as its energy source. The ATEN Technology requires no water and operates 
autonomously without a requirement for operating personnel. 

The ATEN Technology enjoys Australian Innovation Patent certification (AIP# 2020202347). 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

• 

• 

• 

Importantly, the ATEN waste heat to electricity technology is compatible and complimentary to the installation of hybrid 
solar / wind intermittent power generation technologies. ATEN’s zero emission, baseload power supply capability reduces 
the  carbon  intensity  of  OCGT  &  reciprocating  engine  powered  thermal  generation  required  to  supply  grid  firming 
generation capacity to electricity grids and remote island power with solar / wind and battery hybrid installations. This 
increases  the  zero-emission  penetration  of  electricity  generation systems  without  the  associated  CAPEX  increase  in 
control  complexity,  battery  storage  and  generation  intermittency associated  with  the  high  penetration  solar  and  wind 
hybrid systems. 

The  Company  identified  numerous  new  project  opportunities  for  the  ATEN  system  during  the  period  and  developed 
project concept presentations to waste heat to resource owners including state owned power generation utilities and 
onshore LNG production facility owners. These opportunities demonstrate significant carbon intensity reduction and new 
value opportunity for all stakeholders. 

The installation of incremental intermittent renewable capacity (solar/wind) to achieve medium to high penetration targets 
(b/n 30% - 80%) are characterised by accelerating capital costs associated with the higher proportion of battery storage 
required to follow immediate intermittency, more complex control systems and forecast increases in the manufacture 
solar and wind capacity. The Company believes low carbon emission, high efficiency gas fuelled generation remains 
critical to the achievement of both affordable, high penetration renewable hybrid systems and the grid stability required 
to deliver mission critical industrial electricity supply and economic prosperity. 

• 

The ATEN benefits include: 

  Enhanced energy efficiency: 
  Lowest cost zero emission generation: 
  Scope 1 emission reduction: 
  Grid stability: 
  No water consumption: 
  Autonomous operation: 
  Small Footprint: 
  Hydrogen fuel compatible: 
  ACCU eligibility: 

~10 - 25% 
~20 – 50% cheaper than generation equivalent solar/BESS hybrid solution 
Material carbon intensity reduction outcomes 
Baseload supply delivering capacity and system stability enhancement 
Reduced environmental approval requirements and OPEX 
No operational personnel required and reduced OPEX 
Retro-fit to existing assets on a brownfields site footprint 
Compatible with & enhances hydrogen fuel viability 
Creates ACCUs where deployed at remote site locations (subject to              
accreditation) 

•  The ATEN Technology delivers zero emission generation capacity with a lower levelized long term cost of energy relative 

to: 

  New diesel fueled generation capacity; 
  New gas fueled generation capacity where site delivered gas prices exceed $3 – $4.50/GJ (subject to heat resource); 
  Solar/BESS hybrid generation; and 
  Wind turbine hybrid generation. 

•  The Company remains highly optimistic that compelling opportunities to deploy the Volt ATEN waste heat to power solution 
exist and will continue to prosecute a committed business development effort to resources project, LNG facility, power 
generation and industrial waste heat resource owners. 

HYTEN (100% owned) – Waste heat to zero emission hydrogen production 

•  The  HYTEN  waste  heat  to  hydrogen  technology  comprises  the  aforementioned  ATEN  system  supply  baseload,  zero 

emission electricity and heat (where optimal) to either solid oxide, PEM and alkaline electrolyser systems. 

•  During  the  year,  the  Company  secured  a  positive  assessment  of  its  HYTEN  ‘Waste  Heat  to  Hydrogen’  technology 
Preliminary International Patent application with all claims confirmed as novel, inventive and compliant with the PCT. The 
preliminary assessment encompasses HYTEN systems that incorporate all of alkaline, proton exchange membrane and 
solid  oxide  electrolyser  technologies.  This  is  a  positive  development  and  the  Company  has  progressed  global  patent 
documentation to initiate final patent process assessment and approvals. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

•  As previously reported, preliminary HYTEN engineering activities have confirmed that HYTEN has numerous cost and 
technical competitive advantages relative to an equivalent annual hydrogen production Solar / Wind to Hydrogen system.  

These include: 

  A ~60% lower LCOE* for zero emission electricity supply to the electrolyser; 

  Up to ~300% greater electrolyser utilization performance (baseload Vs intermittent power supply); 

  At least 50%+ lower electrolyser CAPEX;  

  Higher system efficiency (particularly incorporating solid oxide electrolyser technology); and 

  A levelized, zero emission hydrogen production cost of ~US$2-$3/kg.  

• 

• 

Volt  advanced  an  EPC  Contract  Alliance  Agreement  with  a  significant  Australian  multi-disciplined  engineering  & 
construction  partner  for  the  construction  of  projects  using  its  proprietary  ATEN  /  HYTEN  “Waste  Heat  to  Energy 
technologies. These negotiations are advanced but incomplete. 

The Board remains excited about the potential of the HYTEN technology to facilitate existing LNG facilities, natural gas 
pipeline compression stations and some power station assets to become significant low-cost hydrogen producers by 
exploiting the waste heat generated at existing energy infrastructure to create zero emission hydrogen. The potential for 
on-site use of zero emission hydrogen to displace fossil fuel combustion as a feedstock for a high value chain fertiliser 
or ammonia production is compelling at the stage of HYTEN’s technology development. 

Wescone (100% owned) – proprietary, global benchmark sample crusher supply and service 

Wescone salient activities and outcomes during the period comprised:  

•  Wescone is the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) of the proprietary W300 sample crusher extensively deployed 
in the global iron ore and assay laboratory industries. The Wescone OEM offering comprises three sample crushing 
equipment solutions with alternative dimensional feed acceptance capabilities – the W300 Series 3, W300 Series 4 and 
W300 Lab crushers. 

• 

• 

The  business  continues  to  service  its  Tier  1  client  base  across  Australia  and  respond  to  new  tender  and  enquiry 
opportunities for mineral resource & laboratory sample system projects in Australia and Africa. 

As previously reported, Wescone received confirmation that its South African Patent Application for the Wescone W300 
Series  4  crusher  had  been  accepted.  Wescone  has  initiated  formal  Patent  Applications  for  the  Australian,  North 
American and Eurasian continents during Q4 2022. 

•  Wescone  maintains  a  growth  strategy  comprising  the  appointment  of  Distribution  Agents  with  a  sales  and  service 
capability in Africa and North America and expanding the application of its crusher solution into sample and production 
flowsheet designs in other bulk, battery, and rare earth commodities. 

• 

FY22 Wescone annual revenues exceeded $2.3 million. 

EcoQuip Australia Pty Ltd (EcoQuip) (100% owned) – Mobile Solar Light & Communications Towers 

EcoQuip salient achievements and activities for the period include:  

• 

• 

EcoQuip is a developer and owner of a new Mobile Solar Light Tower solution incorporating a proprietary high efficiency 
Solar / Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and illumination solution delivering up to a 40% performance efficiency 
increase compared to similar industry standard Solar / BESS Systems. 

The EcoQuip MSLT is a zero emission, zero maintenance & zero OPEX mobile light tower solution with the illumination 
performance and BESS power budget reliability to disrupt the traditional diesel fueled light tower market. The MSLT is 
50% cheaper to hire and operate than a diesel fueled equivalent. The zero lifecycle, maintenance and OPEX capability 
reduces the need for site based skilled labour. Each MSLT is telemetry enabled, remotely controlled/ monitored and can 
be integrated with centralized autonomous operating systems. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

EcoQuip’s  “beachhead”  deployment  of  25x  MSLTs  at  the  Chevron  operated  Gorgon  natural  gas  project  located  on 
Barrow  Island  pursuant  to  a  5-year  master  hire  agreement,  continued  to  operate  with  outstanding  reliability  and 
illumination performance.  

EcoQuip has received a new purchase order pursuant to the MHA for an additional 10x MSLTs for deployment at Barrow 
Island. Discussions are ongoing to plan for a further 20x MSLT deployment pursuant to the MHA during 2023. 

In February 2023, EcoQuip and BHP Iron Ore Pty Ltd (BHP) agreed to extend the existing 6-month MSLT demonstration 
trial agreement to 31 May 2023. During 2022, EcoQuip (together with its US domiciled fabrication partner) developed a 
automated electric mast system (Automated Mast). The Automated Mast development was a significant project and has 
been successful completed. BHP are now trialing 3x MSLT units fitted with EcoQuip’s unique Automated Mast solution. 

EcoQuip’s  national  MSLT  ‘roll-out’  strategy  plan  continued  to progress  during  the  period.  Negotiations  with  its 
potential  MSLT  distribution,  sales  and  customer  service  partner  across  Australia’s  eastern  states  advanced 
positively. The Volt Board remains excited about the potential of the opportunity to work with a highly experienced 
and  established  equipment  hire  and  sales  business.  At  the  time  of  writing  this  report  these negotiations  have 
progressed to an advanced stage, however are incomplete. 

EcoQuip’s MSLT demonstration trials with Albermarle, Thiess and discussions with other potential large deployment 
customers for the EcoQuip MSLT / MSCT demonstrations continue to progress positively and receive positive feedback. 
Deployment negotiations and discussions with these parties are progressing well. 

EcoQuip management finalised its critical inventory plan & supply chain strategy (Supply Chain Strategy) during the 
period.  The  Supply  Chain  Strategy  was  developed  to  ensure  potential  geopolitical  supply  chain  disruption  can  be 
mitigated and delay risks minimised. The formal strategy implementation has commenced. 

The  EcoQuip  Mobile  Solar  Environmental  Tower  (MSET)  trial  on  Barrow  Island  commenced  during  Q4  2022.  The 
prototype  MSET  incorporates  high  resolution  low  light  camera  surveillance  and  Wi-Fi,  4G  and  satellite  streaming 
capability to monitor wildlife movement and protection. The MSET trial has been an outstanding success to date. 

(b)  Financial performance and financial position 

The financial results of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2022 are summarised as follows: 

Revenue from ordinary activities 
Other revenue 
Total revenue 
Adjusted EBITDA1 
EBITDA 
Profit/(loss) for the period attributable to members 
Profit/(loss) per share 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Net tangible assets per share 

2022 
$ 
3,258,065 
354,119 
3,612,184 
900,638 
280,464 
(345,259) 
(0.0036) 
2,274,608 
0.0003 

2021 
$ 
3,062,939 
1,698,783 
4,761,722 
725,270 
849,551 
663,567 
0.0072 
1,882,994 
0.0004 

Change 
% 
6% 
-79% 
-24% 
24% 
-67% 
-152% 
-151% 
21% 
-25% 

1 excluding $0.62 million non-cash executive option issue expense (2022) and $1.3m one-off Wescone settlement and $1.175 million non-cash executive 

option issue expense (2021). 

The Group made a loss for the year attributable to members of $345,259 (2021: profit of $663,567), experienced net cash 
inflows  from  operating  activities  of  $1,588,205  (2021:  $1,170,267)  and  has  a  net  asset  balance  of  $4,415,000  (2021: 
$4,345,615). 

The Company continues to grow its Ordinary Revenues (+6%) reflecting the ongoing uptake of the Wescone W300 crusher 
solution and EcoQuip Mobile Solar Light / Comms Tower solution. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

Directors’ Report 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

The directors present their report together with the financial report of the consolidated entity (referred to hereafter as the 
Group) consisting of Volt Power Group Limited ("Volt" or "the Company") and the entities it controlled at the end of, or during, 
the year ended 31 December 2022 and the auditor's report thereon.   

1.  Directors 
The names of the Company’s directors in office during the year and until the date of this report are set out below. Directors 
were in office for this entire period unless otherwise stated.  

•  Mr Adam Boyd 
•  Mr Simon Higgins 
•  Mr Peter Torre 
•  Mr Paul Everingham 

2.  Directors and officers 

Executive Chairman 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director (appointed 11 April 2022) 

Adam Boyd – Executive Chairman 
Mr Boyd served as Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of Pacific Energy Limited (ASX: PEA) from June 2006 to 
March 2015. During his tenure at Pacific Energy Limited, Mr Boyd led the company to becoming the pre-eminent remote mine 
site  contract  power  business  in Australia,  with  a  250  MW  generation  footprint  across  Australia. During  this  period  Pacific 
Energy's enterprise value increased from $9 million to approximate $250 million. 

Prior to joining Pacific Energy Limited, Mr Boyd was a senior executive with Global Renewables Group when it was jointly 
owned by GRD Limited and Hastings Fund Management Limited. During that tenure Mr Boyd was principally involved in the 
successful  commercialisation  of  the  Global  Renewables  alternative  waste  treatment  and  renewable  energy  process 
technology in Australia and the United Kingdom. 

Mr Boyd is an infrastructure and energy specialist with considerable experience in areas of resource sector power generation, 
energy  and  waste  infrastructure  project  development,  business  development  and  business  acquisitions,  technology 
commercialisation, public company management and equity and credit finance. 

Other current and former directorships in last 3 years 
None 

Special responsibilities 
Chairman of the board 

Interests in shares and options 
1,797,000,000 ordinary shares in Volt Power Group Limited 
300,000,000 options in Volt Power Group Limited  

Simon Higgins – Non-Executive Director 
With an electrical trade background, Simon has close to 30 years’ experience in the delivery of large-scale complex projects 
in renewables, mining, oil & gas, and community infrastructure. Simon was formerly the Chief Executive Officer and Managing 
Director of the ECM group of companies, a leading construction and maintenance company based in Western Australia which 
is now part of ASX-listed GenusPlus Group Ltd. 

Mr  Higgins  is  a  past  chairman  of  the  National  Electrical  and  Communications  Association  (NECA)  WA,  Electrical  Group 
Training and the College of Electrical Training. 

Other current and former directorships in last 3 years 
Non-Executive Chairman of Mayfield Group Holdings Limited (ASX: MYG) 

Special responsibilities 
None 

Interests in shares and options 
801,000,000 ordinary shares in Volt Power Group Limited 
90,000,000 options in Volt Power Group Limited 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

Peter Torre - Non-Executive Director and Company Secretary  
Mr  Peter  Torre  is  a  Chartered  Accountant,  a  Chartered  Secretary  and  a  member  of  the  Australian  Institute  of  Company 
Directors. 

Mr Torre is the principal of Torre Corporate, an advisory firm which provides corporate secretarial services to a range of ASX 
listed companies. He was previously a partner of an internationally affiliated firm of chartered accountants working within its 
corporate services division. 

Mr Torre is also the Company Secretary of the Company. 

Other current and former directorships in last 3 years 
Director  of  VEEM  Ltd  (ASX:  VEE).  Previously  a  director  of  Zenith  Energy  Limited  (ceased  in  September  2020),  Mineral 
Commodities  Ltd  (ASX:  MRC)  (ceased  on  15  October  2021)  and  Connexion  Telematics  Ltd  (ASX:  CXZ)  (ceased  on  17 
November 2021). 

Special responsibilities 
None 

Interests in shares and options 
55,000,000 ordinary shares in Volt Power Group Limited 
90,000,000 options in Volt Power Group Limited 

Paul Everingham – Non-Executive Director 

Mr  Paul  Everingham  has  held  numerous  senior  executive  roles  in  Australian  business  and  government,  including  Chief 
Executive and Managing Director of the Chamber of Minerals & Energy; Founder and Managing Director of GRA Everingham 
Corporate Advisory; and senior advisory roles to the Federal Minister for Finance and within the Commonwealth Treasury. 

Mr Everingham has a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of Queensland, a Post Graduate Diploma in Applied Finance 
& Investment (FINSIA) and a Graduate Certificate in Financial Derivates from the Queensland University of Technology. 

Other current and former directorships in last 3 years 
Chair of Cirrus Networks Holdings Ltd (ASX: CNW).  

Special responsibilities 
None 

Interests in shares and options 
136,942,344 ordinary shares in Volt Power Group Limited 
180,000,000 options in Volt Power Group Limited 

3.  Directors' meetings 
The number of meetings of directors held during the year (or during the time the director held office) and the number of 
meetings attended by each director were as follows: 

Name 
Adam Boyd 
Simon Higgins 
Peter Torre 
Paul Everingham 

Meetings held 
4 
4 
4 
3 

Meetings attended 
4 
4 
4 
3 

4.  Principal activities 
The principal activities of the Group during the financial year were: 

ATEN (100% owned) 

• 

• 

Further development of the ATEN ‘Waste Heat to Power’ technology flowsheet design specifically for open cycle turbine 
generation asset retrofit to maximise baseload, zero emission electricity generation performance and reduce capital 
installation and operating costs. 

Extensive  business  development  activities  including  site  specific  scoping  studies  aimed  at  securing  commercial 
arrangements to install the Company’s first ATEN ‘Waste Heat to Power’ facility in Australia. 

9 

 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

• 

Advanced engagement with a significant Tier 1 resource sector business on various incremental engineering studies 
and EPC price submissions for the installation of up to two ATEN Waste Heat to Power systems with 35MW combined 
electrical generation capacity at two existing Australian domiciled power stations.  

HYTEN (100% owned) 

• 

• 

The Company continued to advance the HYTEN flowsheet development comprising the integration of the ATEN Waste 
Heat  to  Power  Technology  with  a  proven,  high  efficiency  alkaline  electrolyser  and  expanding  the  HYTEN  patent  to 
include PEM and Solid oxide electrolyser solutions for the production of zero emission hydrogen fuel. 

Secured a positive assessment of its HYTEN ‘Waste Heat to Hydrogen’ technology Preliminary International Patent 
application  with  all  claims  confirmed  as  novel,  inventive  and  compliant  with  the  PCT.  The  preliminary  assessment 
encompasses HYTEN systems that incorporate all of alkaline, proton exchange membrane and solid oxide electrolyser 
technologies. 

EcoQuip (100% owned) 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

The continued design development of a new innovative EcoQuip Mobile Solar Light & Communications Tower solution 
expanding the competency of its power management system, data analytics platform, remote control capability and 
satellite communications.  

Deployment of the existing EcoQuip Mobile Solar Light Tower (MSLT) fleet to achieve maximum possible hire utilisation 
for the period. 

Completion of 16 new MSLT Gen4 units component manufactured in the USA and assembled in Australia.  

Commencement  of  manufacture  of  a  further  10x  EcoQuip  MSLT  Gen4  units  for  demonstration  and  deployment  in 
Australia.  

Development of a new Mobile Environmental Monitoring Tower with low-cost satellite live streaming and AI activation 
capabilities. 

Demonstration  deployment  of  the  EcoQuip  MSLT  &  MSCT  Gen4  to  major  potential  users  in  the  resources  and 
construction sectors. 

Negotiation of commercial terms for the long-term deployment of EcoQuip MSLT & MSCT equipment in the Australian 
market. 

Wescone (100% owned) 

• 

• 

• 

• 

The operation of the Wescone business – the owner of the Wescone W300 sample crusher predominantly deployed 
throughout the global iron ore and assay laboratory industry. 

Completion of manufacture of ~30 new Wescone W300 Series 4, Series 3 and Series 2 sample crushers. 

Business development activities to expand the distribution capabilities and product offering in Australia, Africa and North 
America. 

Secured a South African Patent for the Wescone W300 Series 4 crusher developed in 2019/20. 

5.  Dividends 
There were no dividends paid or declared by the Company to members since the end of the previous financial year. 

6.  Operational and financial review  
Information on the operations and financial position of the group and its business strategies and prospects is set out in the 
corporate and operational review on pages 4 – 7 of this annual report. 

7.  Use of cash and assets readily convertible to cash 
The Group has used its cash and assets readily convertible to cash during the period in a way that was consistent with its 
business objectives. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

8.  Significant changes in the state of affairs 
There are no significant changes in the state of affairs of the Group during the financial year. 

9.  Events since the end of the financial year 
There are no events that occurred subsequent to the reporting period ending, that would have a material impact on the financial 
statements as at 31 December 2022. 

10.  Likely developments and expected results of operations 
The following events are likely to occur over the coming year: 

• 

Further progress towards the installation of the first ATEN waste heat to power technology at a power station. 

•  Expansion  of  the  EcoQuip  MSLT  Gen4  fleet  in  both  light  and  communications  tower  variants  and  deployment  of  an 

expanded fleet in resource sector and construction markets in Australia and USA. 

•  Continued repair and sale deployment of the proprietary Wescone W300 crusher in Australia and internationally and 

development of an expanded Wescone offering and related partnerships. 

11.  Environmental regulation 
The Group is subject to environmental regulation in respect of any continuing operations. There have been no significant 
known breaches of any environmental regulations to which the Group is subject. 

12.  Remuneration report (audited) 
This  Remuneration  Report  sets  out  information  about  the  remuneration  of  the  key  management  personnel  (KMP)  of  the 
Company and its controlled entities for the year ended 31 December 2022. This Report forms part of the Directors’ Report 
and has been audited in accordance with section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001. 

The Report details the remuneration arrangements for the Group’s key management personnel: 

•  Non-executive directors (NED’s); and 

•  Executive directors and senior executives (collectively the Executives). 

KMP are those persons who, directly or indirectly, have authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the 
major activities of the Company and the Group. 

The report is structured as follows: 

(a)  Key Management Personnel (KMP) covered in this report 
(b)  Remuneration policy, link to performance and elements of remuneration 
(c)  Link between remuneration and performance 
(d)  Contractual arrangements for executive KMP 
(e)  Remuneration expenses for executive KMP 
(f)  Non-executive director arrangements 
(g)  Share-based compensation 
(h)  Other statutory information 

(a)  Key Management Personnel (KMP) covered in this report 
The table below outlines the KMP of the Group covered in this report: 

Name 
Non-executive directors 
Mr Simon Higgins 
Mr Peter Torre 
Mr Paul Everingham 
Executives 
Mr Adam Boyd 

Position 

Term as KMP 

Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 

Appointed 28 April 2017 
Appointed 28 April 2017 
Appointed 11 April 2022 

Executive Chairman 

Appointed 28 April 2017 

Changes since the end of the reporting period 
There have been no changes to the non-executive directors and other key management personnel covered in this report since 
the end of the reporting period. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

(b)  Remuneration policy, link to performance and elements of remuneration 
The Company’s remuneration committee is comprised of the Chairman and a non-executive director. The committee reviews 
and determines our remuneration policy and structure annually to ensure it remains aligned to business needs and meets the 
remuneration principles. In particular, the board aims to ensure that remuneration practices are: 

(i)  competitive and reasonable, enabling the company to attract and retain key talent, 
(ii)  aligned to the company’s strategic and business objectives and the creation of shareholder value, 
(iii)  transparent and easily understood, and  
(iv)  acceptable to shareholders. 

During the reporting period, no payments were made to a person before the person took office as part of the consideration for 
the person agreeing to hold office. 

Non-executive directors 
On appointment to the Board, all non-executive directors enter into a service agreement with the Company in the form of a 
letter of appointment. The letter summarises the board policies and terms, including compensation, relevant to the office of 
director. 

Executive management 
Executive management have authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the company. 
Compensation  levels  for  executive  management  of  the  Company  are  set  competitively  to  attract  and  retain  appropriately 
qualified and experienced senior executives. 

The compensation structures for executives are designed to attract suitably qualified candidates, reward the achievement of 
strategic objectives, and achieve the broader outcome of the creation of value for shareholders. The compensation structure 
takes into account the executives’ capability and experience, level of responsibility and ability to contribute to the Company’s 
performance, including the establishment of revenue streams and growth in shareholder returns. 

Fixed compensation consists of a base salary or fee (calculated on a total cost basis, including any fringe benefits tax related 
to employee benefits) as well as employer contributions to superannuation funds. The board through a process that considers 
individual and company achievement reviews compensation levels annually. 

(c)  Link between remuneration and performance 
The Group has in place an Incentive Option Scheme (long-term incentive (LTI) scheme), the purpose of which is to: 

(i)  encourage participation by Eligible Participants in the Company through Share ownership; and 
(ii)  attract, motivate and retain Eligible Participants. 

At present the Group does not have any short-term incentive (STI) scheme, but the remuneration committee will consider this 
in due course. 

Options were issued to the Executive Chairman, Non-Executive Directors and a senior executive during the year (and in prior 
years) as part of their remuneration package, which represent performance linked remuneration. 

Key performance indicators of the group over the last five years: 

NPAT $m 
Share price $ 
Dividend paid 
EPS $ 

Y/E 
2022 
(0.345) 
0.002 
- 
(0.004) 

Y/E 
2021 
0.589 
0.003 
- 
0.007 

Y/E 
2020 
(0.588) 
0.003 
- 
(0.005) 

Y/E 
2019 
(1.889) 
0.001 
- 
(0.023) 

Y/E 
2018 
(4.773)  
0.002 
 -    
(0.056)  

(d)  Contractual arrangements for executive KMP 

Executive Chairman 
In  2017,  the  Group  appointed  Mr  Adam  Boyd  as  Managing  Director  and  Chief  Executive  Officer.  He  was  subsequently 
appointed to the role of Executive Chairman on 11 April 2022. Mr Boyd is contracted to the Company through his private 
company, and the contract does not have a fixed timeframe. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

The termination provisions in the contract are as follows: 

Notice period (by Company or executive) 

Termination 
for cause 
None 

Termination by 
redundancy or 
notice without cause 
3 months1 

Resignation 
1 month 

1 The notice period is increased by one month for each completed year of service. 

Mr Boyd’s remuneration package consists of a fee of $360,000 per annum plus unlisted options as otherwise disclosed in this 
report.  

(e)  Remuneration expenses for executive KMP 
The following table shows the details of the remuneration expense recognised for the group’s executive key management 
personnel for the current and previous financial year measured in accordance with the accounting standards. 

Name 
Adam Boyd 

Total executive 
KMP 

Salary & 
fees 
360,000 
360,000 
360,000 
360,000 

Year 
2022 
2021 
2022 
2021 

Post 
employ- 
ment 
benefits 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Non-
mone- 
tary 
benefits 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Termin- 
ation 
benefits 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Rights 
to 
deferred 
shares 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Options 
228,641 
529,586 
228,641 
529,586 

Total 
588,641 
889,586 
588,641 
889,586 

Perform- 
ance 
related 
39% 
60% 
39% 
60% 

The value of the options granted to key management personnel as part of their remuneration is calculated as at the grant date 
using a trinomial option pricing model. The amounts disclosed for the financial year have been determined by allocating the 
grant date value on a straight-line basis over the period from grant date to vesting date. 

(f)  Non-executive director arrangements 
Non-executive directors are paid base fees only, which are fixed by the Board. 

There  is  no  additional  fee  for  serving  on  board  committees.  They  do  not  receive  performance-based  pay  or  retirement 
allowances. Fees are reviewed annually by the board with the level of Directors’ remuneration being set having regard to 
independent survey data and publicly available information about fees paid to non-executive directors in a range of comparable 
companies. 

The Directors are entitled to be reimbursed for all travel and related expenses properly incurred in connection with the business 
of the Company. The Company makes contributions at the statutory minimum rate to superannuation funds nominated by 
directors, included in the base fee. 

The total amount of remuneration, including superannuation, for all non-executive directors must not exceed the limit approved 
by shareholders. The aggregate cash remuneration of all non-executive directors was set at $400,000 per annum at a general 
meeting held on 1 December 2009. During the period Mr Simon Higgins, Mr Peter Torre and Mr Paul Everingham held the 
position of Non-Executive Directors. The terms of their appointment are as follows: 

•  Mr Higgins – for his services as a Non-Executive Director, the Company will pay him an all-inclusive annual fee as is 
determined by the Board and approved by shareholders from time to time during his appointment. From 1 January 2022 
through to 11 April 2022, Mr Higgins also served as Chairman of the Company, and his monthly fee (payable in arrears) 
during this period was $4,166.67 excluding GST.  From 11 April 2022 onwards, the monthly fee payable (payable in 
arrears) is currently set at $3,333 excluding GST. This equates to an annual fee of $40,000 excluding GST. 

•  Mr  Torre  –  for  his  services  as  a  Non-Executive  Director  and  Company  Secretary,  the  Company  will  pay  him  an  all-
inclusive  annual  fee  as  is  determined  by  the  Board  and  approved  by  shareholders  from  time  to  time  during  his 
appointment. The monthly fee payable is payable in arrears and is currently set at $3,333 excluding GST. This equates 
to an annual fee of $40,000 excluding GST, commencing 1 May 2017. 

•  Mr Everingham – for his services as a Non-Executive Director, the Company will pay him an all-inclusive annual fee as 
is determined by the Board and approved by shareholders from time to time during his appointment. The monthly fee 
payable is payable in arrears and is currently set at $3,333 excluding GST. This equates to an annual fee of $40,000 
excluding GST, commencing 11 April 2022.   

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

Details of the nature and amount of each major element of remuneration are set out below: 

Simon Higgins 

Peter Torre 

Paul Everingham 

Total non-executive directors 

Year 
2022 
2021 
2022 
2021 
2022 
2021 
2022 
2021 

Short-term 
benefits 

Post 
employment 

Options 

42,500 
50,000 
39,960 
39,960 
28,791 
- 
111,251 
89,960 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

68,592 
158,876 
68,592 
158,876 
336,469 
- 
473,653 
317,752 

Total 
111,092 
208,876 
108,552 
198,836 
365,260 
- 
584,904 
407,712 

(g)  Share-based compensation 
Details on options over ordinary shares in the Company that were granted as compensation to each key management person 
during the reporting period and details on options that vested during the reporting period are as follows: 

Number of 
options 
granted 
during 
2022 

60,000,000 
60,000,000 
60,000,000 

Tranche 

Options 
Non-executive directors 
Paul 
Everingham 

1 
2 
3 

Fair value 
per option 
at grant 
date 
$ 

Exercise 
price per 
option 
$ 

Grant Date 

Number of 
options 
vested 
during 
2022 

Expected 
vesting date 

Expiry date 

11 April 2022 
11 April 2022 
11 April 2022 

$0.00277 
$0.00291 
$0.00296 

$0.00402 
$0.00429 
$0.00450 

11 April 2024 
11 April 2025 
11 April 2026 

60,000,000 
- 
- 

- 
11 April 2025 
11 April 2023 

The value of the options granted to key management personnel as part of their remuneration is calculated as at the grant date 
using a trinomial option pricing model taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the options were granted. 

Expiry date 
Expected volatility ¹ 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected life of option (days) ² 
Grant date share price (cents) 
Fair value of each option (cents) 

Tranche 1  
11 April 2024 
257.4% 
2.110% 
731 
0.3 
0.277 

Tranche 2 

Tranche 3 

11 April 2025 
255.5% 
2.505% 
1,096 
0.3 
0.291 

11 April 2026 
257.5% 
2.675% 
1,461 
0.3 
0.296 

¹  The expected volatility reflects the assumption that the historical volatility is indicative of future trends, which may also not 

necessarily be the actual outcome. 

²  The expected life of the options is not based on historical data and is not necessarily indicative of exercise patterns that 

may occur.  The number of days is calculated by the number of days between the grant date and expiry date of the option.  

No other features of options granted were incorporated into the measurement of fair value. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

Details of options over ordinary shares in the Company that were granted as compensation to key management personnel 
during prior periods and that are expected to vest in future reporting periods are as follows: 

Fair value 
per 
option at 
grant 
date 
$ 

$0.00380 
$0.00391 
$0.00398 
$0.00380 
$0.00391 
$0.00398 

Exercise 
price per 
option 
$ 

$0.00402 
$0.00429 
$0.00450 
$0.00402 
$0.00429 
$0.00450 

Grant Date 

11 May 2021 
11 May 2021 
11 May 2021 
11 May 2021 
11 May 2021 
11 May 2021 

Number of 
options 
vested  

30,000,000 
- 
- 
30,000,000 
- 
- 

Expected 
vesting date 

- 
11 May 2024 
11 May 2025 

11 May 2024 
11 May 2025 

Expiry date 

11 May 2023 
11 May 2024 
11 May 2025 
11 May 2023 
11 May 2024 
11 May 2025 

Number of 
options 
granted  

30,000,000 
30,000,000 
30,000,000 
30,000,000 
30,000,000 
30,000,000 

100,000,000 
100,000,000 
100,000,000 

11 May 2021 
11 May 2021 
11 May 2021 

$0.00380 
$0.00391 
$0.00398 

$0.00402 
$0.00429 
$0.00450 

11 May 2023  100,000,000 
11 May 2024 
11 May 2025 

- 
- 

11 May 2024 
11 May 2025 

Tranche 

Options 
Non-executive directors 
Simon 
Higgins 

Peter 
Torre 

1 
2 
3 
1 
2 
3 
Executive KMP 
1 
Adam 
2 
Boyd 
3 

A summary of the vesting conditions for each Tranche of options is provided below: 

Tranche 

Vesting condition 

Tranche 1 

Tranche 2 

Tranche 3 

6 months employment 

12 months employment and First ATEN Construction Start 

12 months employment and there being a 180-day VWAP of Volt Power Group Ltd shares of at least 
0.60 cents per share 

All options expire on the earlier of their expiry date or 60 days following the termination of the individual’s employment.  

The Board does not have a policy that restricts the holders of securities issued as share based payments as part of their 
remuneration  from  entering  into other  arrangements  that  limit  their  exposure  to  losses  that  would  result  from  share  price 
decreases. 

Other  than  noted  above  no  terms  of  equity-settled  share-based  payment  transactions  (including  options  granted  as 
compensation to a key management person or director) have been altered or modified by the Company during the reporting 
period.  

There are no amounts unpaid on the shares issued as a result of the exercise of the options in the 2022 financial year. 

(h)  Other statutory information 

The following tables show the relative proportions of remuneration that are linked to performance and those that are fixed 
based on the amounts disclosed as statutory remuneration expense in (e) and (f) above. 

(i)  Proportions of remuneration linked to performance 

Non-executive directors 
Simon Higgins 

Peter Torre 

Paul Everingham 

Executive KMP 
Adam Boyd 

Fixed 

At risk STI 

At risk LTI 

2022 
2021 
2022 
2021 
2022 
2021 

2022 
2021 

38% 
24% 
37% 
20% 
8% 
- 

61% 
40% 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

62% 
76% 
63% 
80% 
92% 
- 

39% 
60% 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

(ii)  Reconciliation of ordinary shares and options held by KMP 

Shareholdings 
The number of shares in the Company held during the financial year by each director and other key management personnel of the Group, including their personally related parties, are set out below. 

Name 
Non-executive directors 
Simon Higgins 
Peter Torre 
Paul Everingham 
Executive KMP 
Adam Boyd 

Balance at 
start of the 
year 

801,000,000 
55,000,000 
136,942,344 

1,773,000,000 

Granted as 
compensation 

Acquired for 
cash 

Options 
exercised 

Other 
changes 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

24,000,000 

- 
- 
- 

- 

Balance at the 
end of the 
year 

- 
- 
- 

- 

801,000,000 
55,000,000 
136,942,344 

1,797,000,000 

Options 
The number of options over ordinary shares in the Company held during the financial year by each director of the Company and other key management personnel of the Group, including their personally 
related parties, are set out below: 

Name 
S Higgins 
P Torre 
P Everingham 
A Boyd 

Balance at start of year 

Vested and 
exercisable 
30,000,000 
30,000,000 
- 
100,000,000 

Unvested 
60,000,000 
60,000,000 
- 
200,000,000 

Granted as 
compensation 
- 
- 
180,000,000 
- 

Vested 

Forfeited 

Balance at end of year 

Number 

- 
- 
60,000,000 
- 

% 

Exercised 

-% 
-% 
33% 
-% 

Number 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

% 

Other 
changes 

-% 
-% 
-% 
-% 

Vested and 
exercisable 
30,000,000 
30,000,000 
60,000,000 
100,000,000 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Unvested 
60,000,000 
60,000,000 
120,000,000 
200,000,000 

(iii)  Loans to key management personnel 
During the year, there were no loans made to directors of the Company or any other key management personnel of the Group, including any related parties. 

(iv)  Other transactions with key management personnel 
There were no other transactions with key management personnel during the year.

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

(v)  Reliance on external remuneration consultants 
The Board have not sought any recommendations from external remuneration consultants. Remuneration levels for Directors 
and KMP are reviewed annually by the Board with the level of Non-Executive Directors’ remuneration being set having regard 
to  independent  survey  data  and  publicly  available  information  about  fees  paid  to  non-executive  directors  in  a  range  of 
comparable companies. 

(vi)  Voting of shareholders at last year's annual general meeting 
Volt Power Group Limited received 97.99% of “yes” votes on its remuneration report for the 2021 financial year. The Company 
did not receive any specific feedback at the AGM or throughout the year on its remuneration practices. 

The information in this section has been audited, together with the rest of the Remuneration Report. 

This is the end of the Remuneration Report 

13.  Shares under option 
(a)  Unissued ordinary shares 
Unissued ordinary shares of Volt Power Group Limited under option at the date of this report are as follows: 

Date options granted 
11 May 2021 
11 May 2021 
11 May 2021 
11 April 2022 
11 April 2022 
11 April 2022 
16 November 2022 
16 November 2022 
16 November 2022 

Expiry date 
11 May 2023 
11 May 2024 
11 May 2025 
11 April 2024 
11 April 2025 
11 April 2025 
16 November 2023 
16 November 2025 
16 November 2026 

Exercise price  
$0.00402 
$0.00429 
$0.00450 
$0.00402 
$0.00429 
$0.00450 
$0.00402 
$0.00429 
$0.00450 

Number under option 
160,000,000 
160,000,000 
160,000,000 
60,000,000 
60,000,000 
60,000,000 
75,000,000 
75,000,000 
75,000,000 

No option holder has any right under the options to participate in any other share issue of the Company or any other entity. 

Included in these options were options granted as remuneration to the directors and the five most highly remunerated officers 
during the year. Details of options granted to key management personnel are disclosed in the remuneration report above. The 
following options were granted the five highest remunerated officers of the Company and the Group: 

Name of Officer 
David Sharp – EcoQuip General Manager 
David Sharp – EcoQuip General Manager 
David Sharp – EcoQuip General Manager 

Date granted 
16 November 2022 
16 November 2022 
16 November 2022 

Exercise price  
$0.00402 
$0.00429 
$0.00450 

Number of options 
granted 
75,000,000 
75,000,000 
75,000,000 

No options were granted to the directors or any of the five highest remunerated officers of the Company since the end of the 
financial year. 

(b)  Shares issued on the exercise of options 
No shares were issued during the year ended 31 December 2022 on the exercise of options. 

14.  Insurance of officers 
During  the  financial  year,  the  Company  paid  a  premium  to  insure  the  directors  and  secretaries  of  the  Company  and  its 
Australian-based controlled entities. The Group has not disclosed the premium paid for the insurance policy as there is a 
confidentiality condition contained in the contract. 

The liabilities insured are legal costs that may be incurred in defending civil or criminal proceedings that may be brought 
against the officers in their capacity as officers of entities in the Group, and any other payments arising from liabilities incurred 
by the officers in connection with such proceedings. This does not include such liabilities that arise from conduct involving a 
wilful breach of duty by the officers or the improper use by the officers of their position or of information to gain advantage for 
themselves or someone else or to cause detriment to the Company. It is not possible to apportion the premium between 
amounts relating to the insurance against legal costs and those relating to other liabilities. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189 

15.  Proceedings on behalf of the Company 
No person has applied to the court under section 237 of the Corporations Act 2001 for leave to bring proceedings on behalf 
of the Company, or to intervene in any proceedings to which the Company is a party, for the purpose of taking responsibility 
on behalf of the Company for all or part of those proceedings. 

No proceedings have been brought or intervened in on behalf of the Company with leave of the Court under section 237 of 
the Corporations Act 2001. 

16.  Non-audit services 
The Company may decide to employ the auditor (BDO) on assignments additional to their statutory audit duties where the 
auditor’s experience and expertise with the Company and/or the Group are important. 

During the years ended 31 December 2022 and 2021, the Company engaged BDO for the following non-audit services: 

Financial and tax due diligence services 

2022 
$ 
34,917 
34,917 

2021 
$ 
- 
- 

The  Board  of  Directors  is  satisfied  that  the  provision  of  non-audit  services  is  compatible  with  the  general  standard  of 
independence for auditors imposed by the Corporations Act 2001. 

17.  Auditor's Independence Declaration 
A copy of the auditor’s independence declaration as required under section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001 is set out on 
page 19. 

This report is made in accordance with a resolution of directors. 

Adam Boyd 
Executive Chairman 
Perth 
Dated: 28 February 2023 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tel: +61 8 6382 4600
Fax: +61 8 6382 4601
www.bdo.com.au

Level 9, Mia Yellagonga Tower 2
5 Spring Street
Perth, WA 6000
PO Box 700 West Perth WA 6872
Australia

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE BY GLYN O'BRIEN TO THE DIRECTORS OF VOLT POWER GROUP
LIMITED

As lead auditor of Volt Power Group Limited for the year ended 31 December 2022, I declare that, to
the best of my knowledge and belief, there have been:

1. No contraventions of the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 in

relation to the audit; and

2. No contraventions of any applicable code of professional conduct in relation to the audit.

This declaration is in respect of Volt Power Group Limited and the entities it controlled during the
period.

Glyn O'Brien

Director

BDO Audit (WA) Pty Ltd

Perth

28 February 2023

BDO Audit (WA) Pty Ltd ABN 79 112 284 787 is a member of a national association of independent entities which are all members of BDO Australia
Ltd ABN 77 050 110 275, an Australian company limited by guarantee. BDO Audit (WA) Pty Ltd and BDO Australia Ltd are members of BDO
International Ltd, a UK company limited by guarantee, and form part of the international BDO network of independent member firms. Liability
limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.

VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Revenue from trading activities 
Cost of sales 
Gross profit 

Other income 

Consultants and advisors 
Employment benefits expense 
Share based payments expense 
General and administration expenses 
Operating profit / (loss)  

Finance income 
Finance expenses 
Finance costs – net 

Profit / (loss) before income tax expense 

Income tax benefit 
Profit / (loss) from continuing operations 

Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax 

Note 

7 

8 

9 
10 
32(c) 
11 

12 
12 

13 

          2022 
          $ 

3,258,065 
(403,819) 
2,854,246 

      2021 
      $ 

3,062,939 
(536,265) 
2,526,674 

354,119 

1,698,783 

(407,356) 
(1,253,518) 
(620,174) 
(1,211,997) 
(284,680) 

7,192 
(67,771) 
(60,579) 

(345,259) 

- 
(345,259) 

- 

(538,241) 
(1,208,025) 
(1,175,719) 
(798,811) 
504,661 

200 
(35,193) 
(34,993) 

469,668 

119,743 
589,411 

- 

Total comprehensive profit / (loss) for the year 

(345,259) 

589,411 

Profit / (loss) for the year is attributable to: 
Minority interests 
Owners of Volt Power Group Limited 

Total comprehensive profit / (loss) for the year is attributable to: 
Minority interests 
Owners of Volt Power Group Limited 

Profit per share: 
Basic profit / (loss) for the period attributable to ordinary equity holders 
of the parent  
Diluted profit / (loss) for the period attributable to ordinary equity holders 
of the parent 

Profit per share from continuing operations: 
Basic profit / (loss) from continuing operations attributable to ordinary 
equity holders of the parent  
Diluted profit / (loss) from continuing operations attributable to ordinary 
equity holders of the parent  

25(a) 

25(b) 

25(a) 

25(b) 

- 
(345,259) 
(345,259) 

- 
(345,259) 
(345,259) 

(74,156) 
663,567 
589,411 

(74,156) 
663,567 
589,411 

           cents  

           cents  

(0.0036) 

(0.0036) 

(0.0036) 

(0.0036) 

0.0072 

0.0071 

0.0072 

0.0071 

The above consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income should be read in conjunction with the 
accompanying notes. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 
As at 31 December 2022 

Assets 
Current assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables 
Inventory 
Other current assets 
Total current assets 

Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets 
Right of use asset 
Other non-current assets 
Total non-current assets 

Total assets 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Employee benefits liability 
Lease liabilities and borrowings 
Provisions 
Total current liabilities 

Non-current liabilities 
Lease liabilities and borrowings  
Total non-current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

Note 

        2022 
        $ 

   2021 
   $ 

14 
15 
16 
17 

18 
19 
26 
17 

20 
21 
22 
27 

23 

2,274,608 
291,430 
305,642 
108,017 
2,979,697 

2,950,210 
531,633 
190,283 
115,715 
3,787,841 

1,882,994 
495,687 
292,769 
98,001 
2,769,451 

2,199,980 
395,694 
306,857 
115,715 
3,018,246 

6,767,538 

5,787,697 

722,441 
53,982 
315,267 
770,000 
1,861,690 

846,163 
47,418 
152,629 
165,000 
1,211,210 

490,848 
490,848 

230,872 
230,872 

2,352,538 

1,442,082 

4,415,000 

4,345,615 

Shareholders’ Equity  
Share capital 
Reserves 
Retained losses 
Total attributable to owners of parent 
Non-controlling interest 
Total Shareholders’ Equity 

24(a) 
24(c) 

76,861,879 
7,901,258 
(80,348,137) 
4,415,000 
- 
4,415,000 

74,132,092 
7,004,480 
(77,437,094) 
3,699,478 
646,137 
4,345,615 

The above consolidated statement of financial position should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 
As at 31 December 2022 

At 1 January 2021  

73,782,092 

5,873,546 

(78,100,661) 

1,554,977 

625,508 

2,180,485 

Attributable to owners of Volt Power Group Limited 

Note 

Share 
capital 
$ 

Reserves 
$ 

Retained 
losses 
$ 

Total 
attributable 
to owners 
$ 

Non-
controlling 
interest 
$ 

Total 
equity 
$ 

Total comprehensive profit / (loss) for the year 
Profit / (loss) for the year 

Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners 
Transactions with non-controlling interests 
Issue of shares on exercise of options 
Share-based payments 

At 31 December 2021 

At 1 January 2022  

Total comprehensive profit for the year 
Profit / (loss) for the year 

Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners 
Acquisition of non-controlling interests 
Share issue costs 
Share-based payments 

At 31 December 2022 

- 
- 

- 
- 

663,567 
663,567 

663,567 
663,567 

(74,156) 
(74,156) 

589,411 
589,411 

24(a) 

- 
350,000 
- 
350,000 
74,132,092 

(44,785) 
- 
1,175,719 
1,130,934 
7,004,480 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(77,437,094) 

(44,785) 
350,000 
1,175,719 
1,480,934 
3,699,478 

94,785 
- 
- 
94,785 
646,137 

50,000 
350,000 
1,175,719 
1,575,719 
4,345,615 

74,132,092 

7,004,480 

(77,437,094) 

3,699,478 

646,137 

4,345,615 

- 
- 

- 
- 

(345,259) 
(345,259) 

(345,259) 
(345,259) 

- 
- 

(345,259) 
(345,259) 

24(a) 

2,740,351 
(10,564) 
- 
2,729,787 
76,861,879 

276,604 
- 
620,174 
896,778 
7,901,258 

(2,565,784) 
- 
- 
(2,565,784) 
(80,348,137) 

451,171 
(10,564) 
620,174 
1,060,781 
4,415,000 

(646,137) 
- 
- 
(646,137) 
- 

(194,966) 
(10,564) 
620,174 
414,644 
4,415,000 

The above consolidated statement of changes in equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Note 

       2022 
       $ 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Receipts from customers (inclusive of goods and services tax) 
Payments to suppliers and employees (inclusive of goods and services tax) 
Interest received 
Interest paid 
R&D tax refund 
Income tax refund  
Net cash inflows from operating activities 

14(a) 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Payments for non-controlling interests 
Payments for property, plant and equipment 
Payments for intellectual property  
Payments for refundable deposits 
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment 
Other income – wescone claim settlement 
Net cash inflows/(outflows) from investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Share issue costs 
Proceeds from borrowings 
Repayment of borrowings 
Net cash inflows/(outflows) from financing activities 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year 

14 

4,226,388 
(3,009,808) 
7,192 
(40,807) 
405,240 
- 
1,588,205 

(194,964) 
(1,272,252) 
(237,663) 
- 
12,727 
- 
(1,692,152) 

(10,564) 
620,779 
(114,654) 
495,561 

391,614 
1,882,994 
2,274,608 

        2021 
         $ 

3,211,262 
(2,810,557) 
202 
(12,576) 
756,262 
25,674 
1,170,267 

- 
(755,913) 
(342,009) 
(115,715) 
35,000 
1,303,073 
124,436 

- 
- 
(78,201) 
(78,201) 

1,216,502 
666,492 
1,882,994 

The above consolidated statement of cash flows should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

1.  Reporting entity 
The consolidated financial report of Volt Power Group Limited (the Group) and its subsidiaries for the year ended 31 December 2022 
was authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of directors on 28 February 2023. 

Volt Power Group Limited is a for profit company limited by shares incorporated and domiciled in Australia whose shares are publicly 
traded on the Australian Securities Exchange. The Group’s registered office is 6 Bradford Street, Kewdale WA 6105. 

The nature of the operations and principal activities of the Group are power generation technology solutions, mobile solar powerbox 
towers compatible with LED lighting, LTE/WiFi repeater communication solutions and CCTV retro-fit and sample crushing equipment, 
all of which service the resources and construction sectors. 

2.  Basis of preparation 
(a)  General information 
The financial report is a general-purpose financial report, which: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Corporations Act 2001, Australian Accounting Standards and 
other  authoritative  pronouncements  of  the  Australian  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“AASB”)  and  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board as applicable to a for-profit entity; 

has been prepared on a historical cost basis; 

is presented in Australian dollars, which is the functional currency of the Company and each of its subsidiaries; 

adopts all new and amended Accounting Standards and Interpretations issued by the AASB that are relevant to the operations 
of the Group and effective for reporting periods beginning on or before 1 January 2022; and 

does not early adopt any Accounting Standards and Interpretations that have been issued or amended but are not yet effective. 

(b)  Going concern 
The Directors are satisfied that the going concern assumption has been appropriately applied in preparing the financial statements 
and the historical financial information has been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the continuity of normal 
business activity and the realisation of assets and the settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. 

3.  Significant accounting policies 
(a)  Basis of consolidation 
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries as at 31 December 
2022. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and 
has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting 
rights results in control. 

Consolidation of the subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Group loses control 
over the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed during the year are included in the 
consolidated financial statements from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary. 

The  financial  statements  of  subsidiaries  are  prepared  for  the  same  reporting  period  as  the  parent  company,  using  consistent 
accounting policies. Adjustments are made to bring into line any dissimilar accounting policies that may exist. 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, all intercompany balances and transactions, income and expenses and profit and 
losses resulting from intra-group transactions have been eliminated. 

Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income are attributed to the equity holders of the parent of the Group and 
to the non-controlling interests, even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a debit balance. 

(b)  Business combinations 
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination 
shall be measured at fair value, which shall be calculated as the sum of the acquisition date fair values of the assets transferred by 
the acquirer, the liabilities incurred by the acquirer to former owners of the acquiree and the equity issued by the acquirer. Acquisition-
related costs are expensed as incurred. 

24 

 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

(c)  Foreign currency translation 
(i)  Functional and presentation currency 
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic 
environment in which the entity operates (‘the functional currency’). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Australian 
dollars, which is the Group’s functional and presentational currency. 

(ii)  Transactions and balances 
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded in the functional currency by applying the exchange rate ruling at the date of 
transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rate of exchange ruling at the 
reporting date. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of 
monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generally recognised in profit or 
loss. They are deferred in equity if they relate to qualifying cashflow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges or are attributable 
to part of the net investment in a foreign operation. 

Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings are presented in the statement of profit or loss, within finance costs. All 
other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the statement of profit or loss on a net basis within other income or other 
expenses. 

Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when 
the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair 
value gain or loss. For example, translation differences on non-monetary assets and liabilities such as equities held at fair value 
through profit or loss are recognised in profit or loss as part of the fair value gain or loss and translation differences on non-monetary 
assets such as equities classified as available-for-sale financial assets are recognised in other comprehensive income. 

(d)  Financial instruments 
(i)  Financial assets 
The Group classifies its financial assets into one of the categories discussed below, depending on the purpose for which the asset 
was acquired. Other than financial assets in a qualifying hedging relationship, the Group's accounting policy for each category is as 
follows: 

Fair value through profit or loss 
This category comprises in-the-money derivatives and out-of-money derivatives where the time value offsets the negative intrinsic 
value (see "Financial liabilities" section for out-of-money derivatives classified as liabilities). They are carried in the statement of 
financial position at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income in the 
finance income or expense line. Other than derivative financial instruments which are not designated as hedging instruments, the 
Group does not have any assets held for trading nor does it voluntarily classify any financial assets as being at fair value through 
profit or loss. 

Amortised cost 
These assets arise principally from the provision of goods and services to customers (e.g. trade receivables), but also incorporate 
other types of financial assets where the objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual 
cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest. They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs that are 
directly  attributable  to  their  acquisition  or  issue  and  are  subsequently  carried  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest  rate 
method, less provision for impairment.  

Impairment provisions for current and non-current trade receivables are recognised based on the simplified approach within IFRS 9 
using a provision matrix in the determination of the lifetime expected credit losses. During this process the probability of the non-
payment of the trade receivables is assessed. This probability is then multiplied by the amount of the expected loss arising from 
default to determine the lifetime expected credit loss for the trade receivables. For trade receivables, which are reported net, such 
provisions  are  recorded  in  a  separate  provision  account  with  the loss  being  recognised  within  cost  of  sales  in  the  consolidated 
statement of comprehensive income. On confirmation that the trade receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of the 
asset is written off against the associated provision.  

The Group's financial assets measured at amortised cost comprise trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in 
the consolidated statement of financial position.   

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short term highly liquid investments with 
original maturities of three months or less, and, for the purpose of the statement of cash flows, bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are 
shown within loans and borrowings in current liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial position. 

25 

 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

(ii)  Financial liabilities  
The Group classifies its financial liabilities into one of two categories, depending on the purpose for which the liability was acquired.  

Other than financial liabilities in a qualifying hedging relationship (see below), the Group's accounting policy for each category is as 
follows: 

Fair value through profit or loss 
This category comprises out-of-the-money derivatives where the time value does not offset the negative intrinsic value (see "Financial 
assets" for in-the-money derivatives and out-of-money derivatives where the time value offsets the negative intrinsic value). They 
are carried in the consolidated statement of financial position at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the consolidated 
statement of comprehensive income. The Group does not hold or issue derivative instruments for speculative purposes, but for 
hedging purposes. Other than these derivative financial instruments, the Group does not have any liabilities held for trading nor has 
it designated any financial liabilities as being at fair value through profit or loss. 

Other financial liabilities 
Other financial liabilities include the following items: 

Bank borrowings, where applicable, are initially recognised at fair value net of any transaction costs directly attributable to the issue 
of the instrument. Such interest-bearing liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised  cost using the effective interest rate 
method, which ensures that any interest expense over the period to repayment is at a constant rate on the balance of the liability 
carried in the consolidated statement of financial position. For the purposes of each financial liability, interest expense includes initial 
transaction costs and any premium payable on redemption, as well as any interest or coupon payable while the liability is outstanding. 

Trade payables and other short-term monetary liabilities, which are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently carried at 
amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

(iii)  Hedge accounting 
The Group has not applied hedge accounting. 

(e)  Revenue recognition 
Performance obligations and timing of revenue recognition 
The majority of the Group’s revenue is derived from leasing equipment (revenue recognised over time) and selling goods (revenue 
recognised at a point in time when control of the goods has transferred to the customer).  

Revenue recognised at a point in time is generally when the goods are delivered to the customer. However, for export sales, control 
might also be transferred when delivered either to the port of departure or port of arrival, depending on the specific terms of the 
contract with a customer. There is limited judgement needed in identifying the point control passes: once physical delivery of the 
products to the agreed location has occurred, the group no longer has physical possession, usually will have a present right to 
payment (as a single payment on delivery) and retains none of the significant risks and rewards of the goods in question. 

Determining the transaction price 
Most of the Group’s revenue is derived from fixed price contracts and therefore the amount of revenue to be earned from each 
contract is determined by reference to those fixed prices.  

Allocating amounts to performance obligations 
For most contracts, there is a fixed unit price for each product sold, with reductions given for bulk orders placed at a specific time.  
Therefore, there is no judgement involved in allocating the contract price to each unit ordered in such contracts (it is the total contract 
price divided by the number of units ordered).  

Where a customer orders more than one product line, the Group is able to determine the split of the total contract price between 
each product line by reference to each product’s standalone selling prices (all product lines are capable of being, and are, sold 
separately). Therefore, there is no judgement involved in determining the contract price. 

Some products sold by the Group are sold with a right of return. The Group estimates and provides for such returns at the time of 
sale. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

(f)  R&D Rebate and Government Grants 
Government Grants 
Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received 
and the Group will comply with all attached conditions. The Group received the following government grants: 

(a)  Research and development tax incentives received or receivable are recognised at fair value where there is a reasonable 
assurance that the amount will be received and the Group will comply with all attached conditions. The value of the research 
and development tax incentive received or receivable is either recorded as other income as part of profit or loss or deducted 
from the carrying value of the associated capitalised intangible asset. 

The Group did not benefit directly from any other forms of government assistance. 

(g)  Income tax 
Volt Power Group Limited and its 100% owned Australian resident subsidiaries formed a tax consolidated group with effect from 19 
January 2010. 

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax.  Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss except to the 
extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income. 

Current  tax  is  the  expected  tax  payable  or  receivable  on  the  taxable  income  or  loss  for  the  year,  using  tax  rates  enacted  or 
substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. 

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial 
reporting  purposes  and  the  amounts  used  for  taxation  purposes.    Deferred  tax  is  not  recognised  for  the  following  temporary 
differences: the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither 
accounting nor taxable profit or loss, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries and associates and jointly controlled 
entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.   

In addition, deferred tax is not recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.  Deferred 
tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that 
have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally 
enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the 
same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax 
assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously. 

A deferred tax asset is recognised for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is 
probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilised.  Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each 
reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised. 

Additional income tax expenses that arise from the distribution of cash dividends are recognised at the same time that the liability to 
pay the related dividend is recognised.  The Group does not distribute non-cash assets as dividends to its shareholders. 

(h)  Goods and services tax 
Revenue, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of goods and services tax (GST), except where the amount of 
GST incurred is not recoverable from the taxation authority.  In these circumstances, the GST is recognised as part of the cost of 
acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense. 

Receivables and payables are stated with the amount of GST included.  The net amount of GST recoverable from, or payable to, 
the ATO is included as a current asset or liability in the statement of financial position. 

Cash flows are included in the statement of cash flows on a gross basis.  The GST components of cash flows arising from investing 
and financing activities which are recoverable from, or payable to, the ATO are classified as operating cash flows. 

(i)  Provisions 
A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation the amount of which 
at can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.  Provisions 
are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time 
value of money and the risks specific to the liability.  The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

(j)  Leases 
All leases are accounted for by recognising a right-of-use asset and a lease liability except for: 

• 
• 

Leases of low value assets; and 
Leases with a duration of 12 months or less. 

Lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the contractual payments due to the lessor over the lease term, with the 
discount rate determined by reference to the rate inherent in the lease unless (as is typically the case) this is not readily determinable, 
in which case the group’s incremental borrowing rate on commencement of the lease is used. Variable lease payments are only 
included in the measurement of the lease liability if they depend on an index or rate.  

In such cases, the initial measurement of the lease liability assumes the variable element will remain unchanged throughout the 
lease term. Other variable lease payments are expensed in the period to which they relate. 

On initial recognition, the carrying value of the lease liability also includes: 

• 
• 
• 

Amounts expected to be payable under any residual value guarantee; 
The exercise price of any purchase option granted in favour of the group if it is reasonable certain to assess that option; 
Any penalties payable for terminating the lease, if the term of the lease has been estimated on the basis of termination option 
being exercised. 

Right of use assets are initially measured at the amount of the lease liability, reduced for any lease incentives received, and increased 
for: 

• 
• 
• 

Lease payments made at or before commencement of the lease; 
Initial direct costs incurred; and 
The amount of any provision recognised where the group is contractually required to dismantle, remove or restore the leased 
asset (typically leasehold dilapidations). 

Subsequent  to  initial  measurement  lease  liabilities  increase  as  a  result  of  interest  charged  at  a  constant  rate  on  the  balance 
outstanding and are reduced for lease payments made. Right-of-use assets are amortised on a straight-line basis over the remaining 
term of the lease or over the remaining economic life of the asset if, rarely, this is judged to be shorter than the lease term. 

When the Group revises its estimate of the term of any lease (because, for example, it re-assesses the probability of a lessee 
extension or termination option being exercised), it adjusts the carrying amount of the lease liability to reflect the payments to make 
over the revised term, which are discounted using a revised discount rate. The carrying value of lease liabilities is similarly revised 
when the variable element of future lease payments dependent  on a rate or index  is revised, except the discount rate remains 
unchanged. In both cases an equivalent adjustment is made to the carrying value of the right-of-use asset, with the revised carrying 
amount being amortised over the remaining (revised) lease term. If the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset is adjusted to zero, 
any further reduction is recognised in profit or loss. 

(k)  Inventory 
Raw  materials  and  stores,  work  in  progress  and  finished  goods  are  stated  at  the  lower  of  cost  and  net  realisable  value.  Cost 
comprises direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion of variable and fixed overhead expenditure, the latter being 
allocated based on normal operating capacity. Costs are assigned to individual items of inventory based on weighted average costs. 
Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling 
price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale 
inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. 

Intangible assets 

(l) 
Intangible assets acquired are initially recognised at cost. Indefinite life intangible assets are not amortised and are subsequently 
measured  at  cost  less  any  impairment.  Finite  life  intangible  assets  are  subsequently  measured  at  cost  less  amortisation  and 
impairment. The gains or losses recognised in profit or loss arising from the derecognition of intangible assets are measured as the 
difference between net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the intangible asset. 

The method and useful lives of finite life intangible assets are reviewed annually. Changes in the expected pattern of consumption 
or useful life are accounted for prospectively by changing the amortisation method or period. 

Expenditure on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred. An internally-generated intangible 
asset arising from development (including those arising from the development phase of an internal project) are capitalised when it is 
probable that the project will be a success considering its commercial and technical feasibility; the Group can use or sell the asset; 
the Group has sufficient resources, the asset will generate future economic benefit, the Company intends to complete the internal 
development and their costs can be measured reliably. 

28 

 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

The amount initially recognised for internally generated intangible assets is the sum of the expenditure incurred from the date when 
the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria listed above. Where no internally generated intangible asset can be recognised, 
development expenditure is recognised in profit or loss in the period in which it is incurred. After initial recognition, internally generated 
intangible assets are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as 
intangible assets that are acquired separately.  

Capitalised development costs are amortised on a straight-line or diminishing value method over the period of their expected benefit, 
being their finite useful lives of three to five years. 

(m)  Impairment 
(i)  Non-financial assets 
The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each 
reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment.  If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable 
amount is estimated.  For goodwill, and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, the 
recoverable amount is estimated each year at the same time. 

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell.  In 
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that 
reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.  For the purpose of impairment 
testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows 
from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the “cash-generating unit”).  

Subject to an operating segment ceiling test, for the purposes of goodwill impairment testing, CGUs to which goodwill has been 
allocated are aggregated so that the level at which impairment is tested reflects the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for 
internal reporting purposes.  Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit 
from the synergies of the combination. 

The Group’s corporate assets do not generate separate cash inflows. If there is an indication that a corporate asset may be impaired, 
then the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the corporate asset belongs. 

An  impairment  loss  is  recognised  if  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  or  its  CGU  exceeds  its  estimated  recoverable  amount.  
Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss.  Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs are allocated first to reduce 
the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the units, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit 
(group of units) on a pro rata basis.  

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed.  In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognised in prior periods 
are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists.  An impairment loss is 
reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount.  An impairment loss is reversed 
only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of 
depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. 

(n)  Share based payments 
The fair value of options issued as share-based payments are measured using an appropriate pricing model. Measurement inputs 
include share price on measurement date, exercise price of the instrument, expected volatility (based on weighted average historic 
volatility adjusted for changes expected due to publicly available information), weighted average expected life of the instruments 
(based on historical experience and general option holder behaviour), expected dividends, and the risk-free interest rate (based on 
government bonds).    

The fair value of shares issued as share-based payment is measured based on the share price on the date of issue. 

4.  Other accounting policies 
Significant and other accounting policies that summarise the measurement basis used and are relevant to an understanding of the 
financial statements are provided throughout the notes to the financial statements. 

5.  Key judgements and estimates 
The  preparation  of  financial  statements  requires  management  to  make  judgements,  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the 
reported  amounts  in  the  financial  statements.  Actual  results  may  differ  from  these  estimates  under  different  assumptions  and 
conditions and may materially affect financial results or the financial position reported in future periods. Management have identified 
the following critical accounting policies for which significant judgements, estimates and assumptions are made: 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

(i)  Taxation 
Judgement is required in assessing whether deferred tax assets and certain deferred tax liabilities are recognised in the consolidated 
statement of financial position. Deferred tax assets, including those arising from unrecouped tax losses, capital losses and temporary 
differences, are recognised only where it is considered more likely than not that they will be recovered, which is dependent on the 
generation of sufficient future taxable profits. 

Assumptions about the generation of future taxable profits depend on management’s estimates of future cash flows. Judgements 
are  also  required  about  the  application  of  income  tax  legislation.  These  judgements  and  assumptions  are  subject  to  risk  and 
uncertainty,  hence  there  is  a  possibility  that  changes  in  circumstances  will  alter  expectations,  which  may  impact  the  amount  of 
deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities recognised in the statement of financial position and the amount of other tax losses 
and temporary differences not yet recognised.  

In such circumstances, some or all of the carrying amounts of recognised deferred tax assets and liabilities may require adjustments, 
resulting in a corresponding credit or charge to the income statement. 

Internally generated intangible assets (Development costs) 

(ii) 
Expenditure on internally developed products is capitalised if it can be demonstrated that: 

• 
• 
• 

• 

It is technically feasible to develop the product for it to be rented; 
Adequate resources are available to complete the development; 
There is an intention to complete the product and to obtain future economic benefits through the Rental Revenue generated 
from Rental of the Gen4 Light Towers; and 
Expenditure on the product can be measured reliably. 

Capitalised development costs are amortised over the periods the Group expects to benefit from selling the products developed only 
once the asset is ready for use. The amortisation expense is included within the cost of sales line in the consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income. Development expenditure not satisfying the above criteria and expenditure on the research phase of internal 
projects are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as incurred. 

(iii)  Revenue 

The sale of some goods by the Group are sold with a right of return. At balance date, the Group has estimated the number of returns 
it expects to receive in relation to sales made during the year through the recognition of a refund liability within the statement of 
financial position with a corresponding decrease in revenue earned within the statement of profit or loss. The actual returns received 
as a result of sales may be higher or lower than estimated, and this will impact revenue in future periods. 

(iv)  Share-based payment transactions 

The  Company  measures  the  cost  of  equity-settled  transactions  with  Directors,  Key  Management  Personnel,  and  employees  by 
reference to the fair value of the equity instruments at the date at which they are granted. The fair value at grant date for options are 
valued using trinomial models. 

Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to become exercisable. 
The  share-based  payment  expense  recognised  in  each  reporting  period  considers  the  most  recent  estimate.  The  impact  of  the 
revision  to  original  estimates,  if  any,  is  recognised  in  the  statement  of  profit  or  loss  and  other  comprehensive  income  with  a 
corresponding adjustment to equity. 

6.  Segment information 
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. 
The  chief  operating  decision  maker,  who  is  responsible  for  allocating  resources  and  assessing  performance  of  the  operating 
segments, has been  identified as the Board of Directors of the  Company. The Group has determined that it has one operating 
segment, the provision of services to the mining and construction industries.  

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

7.  Revenue from trading activities 

Revenue from sales of inventory 
Revenue from equipment leases 
Revenue from other sales 

Timing of revenue recognition 
At a point in time 
Over time 

8.  Other income 

Research and development tax incentive rebate1 
Other income2 

2022 
 $  

            2021 
            $ 

2,369,848 
877,808 
10,409 
3,258,065 

2,369,848 
888,217 
3,258,065 

2022 
 $  

342,881 
11,238 
354,119 

2,398,456 
589,849 
74,634 
3,062,939 

2,398,456 
664,483 
3,062,939 

            2021 
            $ 

349,286 
1,349,497 
1,698,783 

¹  A total R&D tax incentive amount of $405,240 was received in the period, however $62,359 of this balance related to Capitalised 
R&D  expenditure.  Accordingly,  this  portion  has  been  offset  against  the  corresponding  Intangible  Asset  in  the  Statement  of 
Financial Position, as disclosed in note 19.      

² As announced on 15 February 2021, the Company advised that it had reached a commercial settlement of all outstanding claims 
alleged in the Proceedings in connection with the 2018 acquisition of Volt’s Wescone business with all vendor parties (Wescone 
Vendor) without admission of liability by either party.  The settlement terms are confidential but provided for the payment to Volt 
of $1.3 million in two instalments (Settlement Sum) and is included in the other income balance for the year ended 31 December 
2021. 

9.  Consultants and advisors 

Audit, tax, accounting and finance 
Legal expenses 

10.  Employee benefit expense 

Salary and wages 
Superannuation 
Other 

2022 
 $  

213,952 
193,404 
407,356 

            2021 
$ 

214,599 
323,642 
538,241 

2022 
 $  

            2021 
$ 

1,141,647 
61,965 
49,906 
1,253,518 

1,162,603 
48,770 
(3,348) 
1,208,025 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

11.  General and administration expenses 

Occupancy costs 
Insurance 
IT expenses 
Travel & accommodation 
Depreciation & amortisation 
Foreign currency (gains)/losses 
Other expense 

12.  Finance costs - net 

Interest income 

Bank fees 
Interest expense 

Finance expense 

2022 
 $  

            2021 
$ 

115,362 
88,565 
14,835 
29,630 
565,144 
26,379 
372,082 
1,211,997 

2022 
 $  

7,192 
7,192 

11,022 
56,749 
67,771 
(60,579) 

52,608 
71,246 
3,759 
665 
344,890 
16,727 
308,916 
798,811 

            2021 
$ 

200 
200 

4,357 
30,836 
35,193 
(34,993) 

Recognition and measurement 
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested. Interest income is recognised as it accrues in profit or loss, using the 
effective interest method. 

Finance  costs  comprise  interest  expense  on  borrowings  and  convertible  notes,  unwinding  of  the  discount  on  provisions,  and 
impairment losses recognised on financial assets. Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or 
production of a qualifying asset are recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method. 

Foreign currency gains and losses are reported on a net basis. 

13.  Income tax 
(a)  Income tax (expense)/benefit 

Current tax benefit / (expense) 
Adjustment for over provision in prior periods 
Deferred tax credit / (expense) arising from temporary differences 
Total income tax benefit / (expense) 
Attributable to: 
Continuing operations 

2022 
$ 

            2021 
$ 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
25,674 
94,069 
119,743 

119,743 
119,743 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

(b)  Numerical reconciliation of income tax expense to prima facie tax payable 

Profit / (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense 
Tax at the Australian tax rate of 25% (prior year 25%)  
Tax effect of amounts which are not deductible/(taxable) in calculating 
taxable income: 
Non-deductible expenses 
Adjustment for over provision in previous periods 
R&D related expenditure 
Change in tax rate 
Previously recognised deferred tax assets not brought to account 
Deferred tax assets /(liabilities) not brought to account 
Income tax benefit /(expense) 

The franking account balance at year-end was $nil (2021: nil). 

2022 
$ 

(345,259) 
86,315 

(70,831) 
- 
(55,908) 
- 
- 
40,424 
- 

            2021 
$ 

469,668 
(117,417) 

117,470 
25,674 
66,610 
3,618 
(61,553) 
85,341 
119,743 

Net deferred tax assets have not been brought to account as it is not probable within the immediate future that tax profits will be 
available against which deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilised. 

(c)  Deferred tax assets and liabilities 

Deferred tax assets 
Tax losses 
Other timing differences 
Right of use liability 

Deferred tax liabilities 
Intangible assets 
Other timing differences 
Right of use asset 

2022 
$ 

4,094,488 
301,900 
57,718 
4,454,106 

(140,408) 
(381,240) 
(47,570) 
(569,218) 

2021 
$ 

4,830,214 
306,136 
80,639 
5,216,989 

(106,424) 
(342,198) 
(76,713) 
(525,335) 

Net deferred taxes not brought to account 

3,884,888 

4,691,654 

(d)  Tax losses 

2022 
$ 

2021 
$ 

Unused tax losses for which no deferred tax asset has been recognised 
for the tax consolidated group: 
Unused tax losses for which no deferred tax asset has been recognised 
for partially owned subsidiaries: 
Potential tax benefit @ 25% (prior year 25%)  

15,892,954 

17,273,284 

- 

3,973,238 

2,047,574 

4,830,214 

All unused tax losses were incurred by Australian entities.  Unrecognised deferred tax balances will only be available subject to 
continuing to meet the relevant statutory tests. 

14.  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at bank 

2022 
$ 

2021 
$ 

2,274,608 

1,882,994 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

(a)  Reconciliation of cash flows from operating activities 

Profit for the year 
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Other income 
NCI conversion of debt to equity 
Net profit on disposal of PPE 
Foreign exchange movements 
Options exercised   
R&D rebate 
Share-based payment transactions 
Changes in:  
Trade and other receivables 
Inventory 
Other current assets 
Right of use assets 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities 
Employee benefit liability 
Provisions 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities 
Net cash inflow from operating activities 

2022 
$ 

2021 
$ 

(345,259) 

589,411 

565,145 
- 
- 
(7,914) 
3,997 
- 
62,359 
620,174 

203,763 
(12,873) 
(10,016) 
116,574 
(10,638) 
(208,310) 
6,203 
605,000 
- 
1,588,205 

344,890 
(1,303,073) 
50,000 
(11,944) 
2,112 
350,000 
406,976 
1,175,719 

(348,504) 
14,751 
(32,598) 
(306,857) 
(73,665) 
237,883 
4,235 
165,000 
(94,069) 
1,170,267 

Recognition and measurement 
Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with an 
original maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant 
risk of changes in value, net of outstanding bank overdrafts. 

For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and cash equivalents as defined above. 

(b)  Reconciliation of cash and non-cash movements in financial liabilities 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Borrowings repayable within one year 
Borrowings repayable after one year 

Cash and liquid assets 
Gross Debt - Fixed interest rate 

15.  Trade and other receivables 

Accounts receivable 
Other debtors 

Note 

22 
23 

2022 
$ 

2,274,608 

(315,267) 
(490,848) 
1,468,493 

2,274,608 
(806,115) 
1,468,493 

2022 
$ 

284,929 
6,501 
291,430 

2021 
$ 

1,882,994 

(152,629) 
(230,872) 
1,499,493 

1,882,994 
(383,501) 
1,499,493 

2021 
$ 

494,687 
1,000 
495,687 

Impaired receivables and receivables past due 
Refer to financial instruments note for credit risk assessment of trade and other receivables. 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

16.  Inventory 

Completed goods and parts on hand 

305,642 

292,769 

2022 
$ 

2021 
$ 

17.  Other assets 

Current 
Prepayments 

Non-Current 
Lease deposits 

18.  Property, plant and equipment 

31 December 2021 
Opening net book amount 
Additions 
Transfers from work in progress 
Disposals 
Depreciation charge 
31 December 2021 

31 December 2021 
Cost or fair value 
Accumulated depreciation 
Net book amount 

31 December 2022 
Opening net book amount 
Additions 
Transfers from work in progress 
Disposals 
Depreciation charge 
31 December 2022 

31 December 2022 
Cost or fair value 
Accumulated depreciation 
Net book amount 

Plant and 
equipment 
$ 

Work in 
progress 
$ 

799,218 
10,868 
1,006,327 
(19,004) 
(196,857) 
1,600,552 

848,912 
734,524 
(1,006,327) 
- 
- 
577,109 

2,746,233 
(1,145,681) 
1,600,552 

577,109 
- 
577,109 

1,600,552 
112,731 
286,486 
(4,813) 
(347,396) 
1,647,560 

577,109 
981,030 
(286,486) 
- 
- 
1,271,653 

3,103,755 
(1,456,195) 
1,647,560 

1,271,653 
- 
1,271,653 

2022 
$ 

108,017 
108,017 

115,715 
115,715 

Office 
furniture, 
fittings and 
equipment 
$ 

1,160 
22,615 
- 
(868) 
(588) 
22,319 

22,614 
(295) 
22,319 

22,319 
13,936 
- 
- 
(5,258) 
30,997 

36,551 
(5,554) 
30,997 

2021 
$ 

98,001 
98,001 

115,715 
115,715 

Total 
$ 

1,649,290 
768,007 
- 
(19,872) 
(197,445) 
2,199,980 

3,345,956 
(1,145,976) 
2,199,980 

2,199,980 
1,107,697 
- 
(4,813) 
(352,654) 
2,950,210 

4,411,959 
(1,461,749) 
2,950,210 

Recognition and measurement 
Property, plant and equipment 
All  classes  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  stated  at  historical  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  any  accumulated 
impairment losses. Such cost includes the cost of replacing parts that are eligible for capitalisation when the cost of replacing the 
parts is incurred. Similarly, when each major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and 
equipment as a replacement only if it is eligible for capitalisation. All other repairs and maintenance are recognised in the income 
statement as incurred. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line or diminishing value basis for all classes of property, plant and equipment. The estimated 
useful life of plant and equipment is between 3 and 20 years. 

The assets’ residual values, useful lives and amortisation methods are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each financial year 
end. An item of property, plant  and equipment is de-recognised  upon disposal or when no further future economic benefits are 
expected from its use or disposal. 

19.  Intangible assets 

Capitalised Development Costs 

The  movements  in  the  net  carrying  amount  of 
Capitalised Development costs are as follows: 

Balance at the start of the year 
Capitalised expenditure 
R&D tax incentive received 
Amortisation charge 
Balance at the end of the year 

2022 
$ 

2021 
$ 

395,694 
285,989 
(62,359) 
(87,691) 
531,633 

727,751 
140,536 
(406,976) 
(65,617) 
395,694 

Intangible assets comprise capitalised development costs associated with the design and development of the MSLT Generation 4 
(Gen4) trailer power management, operational control and data telemetry system, designed, built and owned by EcoQuip Australia 
Pty Ltd and is to be amortised over a five-year period. At 30 June 2021, the intellectual property was deemed ready for use and 
amortisation commenced from that date.  

20.  Trade and other payables 

Trade creditors 
Accrued expenses 
GST 
PAYG 
Sundry creditors 

21.  Employee benefit liabilities 

Employee entitlements 
Superannuation 

2022 
$ 

458,644 
283,798 
(47,593) 
27,144 
448 
722,441 

2022 
$ 

35,020 
18,962 
53,982 

2021 
$ 

406,546 
346,005 
71,126 
22,270 
216 
846,163 

2021 
$ 

28,720 
18,698 
47,418 

Recognition and measurement 
(i)  Short-term obligations 
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits and accumulating annual leave that are expected to be settled 
wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of 
employees’ services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities 
are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the Statement of Financial Position. 

(ii)  Other long-term employee benefit obligations 
The liabilities for long term benefits is recognised and measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in 
respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. Consideration 
is given to expected future wage and salary levels, experience of employee departures and periods of service. Expected future 
payments are discounted using market yields at the end of the reporting period of government bonds with terms and currencies that 
match, as closely as possible, the estimated future cash outflows. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the Statement of Financial Position if the entity does not have an unconditional 
right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period, regardless of when the actual settlement is expected 
to occur. 

(iii)  Termination benefits 
Termination  benefits  are  recognised  as  an  expense  when  the  Group  is  demonstrably  committed,  without  realistic  possibility  of 
withdrawal, to a formal detailed plan to either terminate employment before the normal retirement date, or to provide termination 
benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy.   

Termination  benefits  for  voluntary  redundancies  are  recognised  as  an  expense  if  the  Group  has  made  an  offer  of  voluntary 
redundancy, it is probable that the offer will be accepted, and the number of acceptances can be estimated reliably.  If benefits are 
payable more than 12 months after the reporting period, then they are discounted to their present value. 

(iv)  Share-based payment transactions 
The grant date fair value of share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee expense, with a 
corresponding increase in equity.   

Share-based payment arrangements in which the Group receives goods or services as consideration for its own equity instruments 
are accounted for as equity-settled share-based payment transactions, regardless of how the equity instruments are obtained by 
the Group. 

22.  Lease liabilities and borrowings – current liabilities 

Non-bank loans 
Lease liabilities 
Hire purchase liabilities 

23.  Lease liabilities and borrowings – non-current liabilities  

Lease liabilities 
Hire purchase liabilities 

24.  Equity 
(a)  Contributed equity 

Note 

26 
26 

Note 

26 
26 

2022 
$ 

32,376 
137,015 
145,876 
315,267 

2022 
$ 

93,856 
396,992 
490,848 

2021 
$ 

24,201 
91,685 
36,743 
152,629 

2021 
$ 

230,872 
- 
230,872 

2022 
No. of shares 

2021 
No. of shares 

2022 
$ 

2021 
$ 

Fully paid ordinary shares 

10,716,208,211 

9,344,533,558 

76,861,879 

  74,132,092 

Ordinary shares 
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares and share options are 
recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.   

Ordinary shares have the right to receive dividends as declared and, in the event of the winding up of the Company, to participate in 
the proceeds from the sale of all surplus assets in proportion to the number of and amounts paid up on shares held. Ordinary shares 
entitle their holder to one vote, either in person or by proxy, at a meeting of the Company. 

Capital Management 
The Company’s capital management policy provides a framework to maintain a capital structure to support the development of the 
business into one that is income producing. The Company seeks to utilise available borrowing facilities when and to the extent 
prudent to do so, in order to maximise returns for equity shareholders and limit the need to raise additional equity capital. 

37 

 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Dividends 
There were no dividends declared or paid during the reporting period. 

Movements in ordinary shares 

Details 
1 January 2021 
Exercise of options 
31 December 2021 

No. of shares 

9,169,533,558 
175,000,000 
9,344,533,558 

Issue of shares to non-controlling interests of EcoQuip Australia Pty Ltd 
Share issue costs 
31 December 2022 

1,371,674,653 
- 
10,716,208,211 

$ 

73,782,092 
350,000 
74,132,092 

2,740,351 
(10,564) 
76,861,879 

Recognition and measurement 
Contributed equity 
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are recognised 
directly in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 

(b)  Other equity 

$0.00378 expiry 3 September 2022  
$0.00402 expiry 11 May 2023 
$0.00402 expiry 16 November 2023 
$0.00429 expiry 3 March 2024 
$0.00402 expiry 11 April 2024 
$0.00429 expiry 11 May 2024 
$0.00429 expiry 11 April 2025 
$0.00450 expiry 11 May 2025 
$0.00501 expiry 3 September 2025 
$0.00429 expiry 16 November 2025 
$0.00450 expiry 11 April 2026 
$0.00450 expiry 16 November 2026 
Total 

2022 
No. of options 

2021 
  No. of options 

2022 
$ 

2021 
$ 

- 
160,000,000 
75,000,000 
- 
60,000,000 
160,000,000 
60,000,000 
160,000,000 
- 
75,000,000 
60,000,000 
75,000,000 
885,000,000 

60,000,000 
160,000,000 
- 
60,000,000 
- 
160,000,000 
- 
160,000,000 
60,000,000 
- 
- 
- 
660,000,000 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Movements in other equity 
There were no movements in other equity during the financial year ending 31 December 2022. 

(c)  Reserves 

Share based reserves - reserve holding shares subject to the 
achievement of performance-based measures 
Options based reserves 
Non-controlling interest reserve 

2022 
$ 

3,470,000 
4,431,258 
- 
7,901,258 

2021 
$ 

3,470,000 
3,811,084 
(276,604) 
7,004,480 

25.  Earnings/(loss) per share 
The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) data for its ordinary shares.  Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the 
profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding 
during the period.  Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted 
average number of ordinary shares outstanding adjusted for the  effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, which comprise 
convertible notes and share options granted to employees. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

(a)  Basic earnings/(loss) per share 

From continuing operations attributable to the ordinary equity holders of 
the company 
Total basic earnings per share attributable to the ordinary equity holders 
of the company 

2022 
cents 

(0.0036) 

(0.0036) 

2022 
$ 

2021 
cents 

0.0072 

0.0072 

2021 
$ 

Profit / (loss) attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the company 
used in calculating basic earnings per share: 
From continuing operations 

(345,259) 

663,567 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 

Issued ordinary shares at the beginning of the period 
Effect of shares issued on exercise of options 
Effect of shares issued for acquisition of non-controlling interests 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares at the end of the period 

9,344,553,558 
- 
169,110,574 
9,513,664,132 

9,169,533,558 
107,876,712 
- 
9,277,410,270 

(b)  Diluted earnings/(loss) per share 

Profit / (loss) attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the company 
used in calculating basic earnings per share: 
From continuing operations 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 

2022 
$ 

2021 
$ 

(345,259) 

663,567 

Issued ordinary shares at the beginning of the period 
Effect of shares issued on exercise of options 
Effect of shares issued for acquisition of non-controlling interests 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares at the end of the period 

9,344,553,558 
- 
169,110,574 
9,513,664,132 

9,169,533,558 
175,000,000 
- 
9,344,533,558 

26.  Leases 

In April 2021, the Company entered into a new operating lease for an office and workshop located at 6 Bradford Street, Kewdale 
WA 6105. These premises currently provide office and workshop accommodation for all the Volt Group business activities. The 
lease has an initial term to 30 June 2024, with the provision for a further 3-year extension beyond that date. The lease contract 
provides for a minimum percentage rent increase per year, or CPI, whichever is the greatest. 

Right-of-Use Assets 

At 1 January 2021 
Additions 
Amortisation 
At 31 December 2021 

At 1 January 2022 
Additions 
Amortisation 
At 31 December 2022 

Land and 
buildings 
$ 
- 
388,685 
(81,828) 
306,857 

306,857 
8,225 
(124,799) 
190,283 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

The Group also has various items of plant and equipment that are held under finance lease arrangements. The Group’s finance 
lease liabilities, which are secured by the related assets held under finance leases, are classified as follows: 

Lease Liabilities 

Finance lease liabilities 
Current 
Finance lease liabilities 
Non-current 

2022 
$ 

282,891 

490,848 

Future minimum finance lease payments at the end of each reporting period under review were as follows: 

2021 
Lease payments 
Finance charges 
Net present values 

2022 
Lease payments 
Finance charges 
Net present values 

Within 1 Year 
$ 

1-5 years 
$ 

  After 5 years 
$ 

130,078 
(1,650) 
128,428 

313,160 
(30,269) 
282,891 

230,872 
- 
230,872 

523,439 
(32,591) 
490,848 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

2021 
$ 

128,428 

230,872 

Total 
$ 

360,950 
(1,650) 
359,300 

836,599 
(62,860) 
773,739 

Leases under the terms of which the Group assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance 
leases.  Upon initial recognition the leased asset is measured at an amount equal to the lower of its fair value and the present value 
of the minimum lease payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset is accounted for in accordance with the accounting 
policy applicable to that asset.  

27.  Provisions 

Service Exchange Provision 
Current 
At the beginning of the year 
Provisions made during the year 
Provision used 
Balance at the end of the year 

2022 
$ 

165,000 
605,000 
- 
770,000 

2021 
$ 

- 
165,000 
- 
165,000 

Service Exchange Provision 
In August 2020, Wescone secured a 5-year purchase service exchange & repair contract with a customer which provides for the 
replacement of existing installed crushers with the new Wescone W300 Series 4 crusher and the exclusive provision of ongoing 
repair / service exchange related service for 5 years. Revenue for the sale of each W300  Series 4  crusher is recognized upon 
delivery, and a provision for the total credit that could potentially be supplied for the corresponding exchange crushers if they are 
returned, has been recognized at 31 December and offset against revenue recognised during the year.  

28.  Remuneration of auditors 
During the year the following fees were paid or payable for services provided by the auditor of the parent entity, its related practices 
and non-related audit firms: 

BDO 
Audit and review of financial statements 
Total remuneration for audit and other assurance services 

Financial and tax due diligence services 
Total remuneration of BDO  

2022 
$ 

60,189 
60,189 

34,917 
95,106 

2021 
$ 

54,000 
54,000 

- 
54,000 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

29.  Related party transactions 
(a)  Key management personnel compensation 

Short-term employee benefits 
Share based payments 

2022 
$ 

471,251 
702,294 
1,173,545 

2021 
$ 

449,960 
847,338 
1,297,298 

Detailed remuneration disclosures are provided in the remuneration report.  

(b)  Transactions with other related parties 

There were no transactions with any related parties during the years ended 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2022. 

30.  Subsidiaries and transactions with non-controlling interests 
Significant investments in subsidiaries during the year ended 31 December 2022 are set out below: 

Name of entity 

ATEN Operations Pty Ltd 
Enerji Holdings Pty Ltd  
Enerji Research Pty Ltd  
Enerji PE Management Pty Ltd 
Enerji GMRL SPV Pty Ltd 
Wescone Distribution Pty Ltd 
EcoQuip Australia Pty Ltd 
Eon Fleet Pty Ltd 
Eon Environmental Pty Ltd 

Country 
of 
incorporation 

Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 

Class 
of 
Shares 

Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 
Ordinary 

Equity 
holding 
2022 
% 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

Equity 
holding 
2021 
% 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
70 
70 
70 

31.  Events occurring after the reporting period 

There are no events that occurred subsequent to the reporting period ending, that would have a material impact on the financial 
statements as at 31 December 2022. 

32.  Share based payments 
(a)  Employee share scheme 
A scheme under which shares may be issued by the Company to employees with an interest free loan for the purchase price of the 
shares was approved by shareholders at a general meeting on 1 December 2009. 

(b)  Other share-based payments 
Incentive Option Scheme 

The establishment of an Incentive Option Scheme (‘Scheme’) was approved by shareholders at the 2021 Annual General Meeting. 
The objective of the Scheme is to appropriately motivate, retain and reward directors, management and employees for driving long 
term growth and performance of the Company by allowing them to participate in equity in the Company and ultimately aligning their 
interest with that of shareholders. Under the Scheme, participants are granted options, which will only vest if certain performance 
standards are met. Participation in the Scheme is at the board’s discretion and no individual has a contractual right to participate in 
the Scheme or to receive guaranteed benefits. 

Options granted under the Scheme carry no dividend of voting rights. 

When exercisable, each option is convertible into one ordinary shares in the Company. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Set out below are summaries of options granted under the Scheme: 

Grant Date 

Number of options  Vesting conditions 

11 May 2021 
11 May 2021 
11 May 2021 
11 April 2022 
11 April 2022 
11 April 2022 
16 November 2022 
16 November 2022 
16 November 2022 
Total  

160,000,000  6 months employment 
160,000,000  12 months employment and First ATEN Construction Start 
160,000,000  12 months and there being a 180-day VWAP of at least 0.60 cents per share 
60,000,000  6 months employment 
60,000,000  12 months employment and First ATEN Construction Start 
60,000,000  12 months and there being a 180-day VWAP of at least 0.60 cents per share 
75,000,000  12 months employment 
75,000,000  18 months employment and deployment of 150 MSLT units 
75,000,000  24 months employment and deployment of 270 MSLT units 
885,000,000 

The number and weighted average exercise prices of share options are as follows: 

Outstanding at the beginning of the year 
Granted during the period 
Exercised during the period 
Cancelled during the period 
Expired during the period 
Outstanding at the end of the year 
Exercisable at the end of the year 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
$0.004295 
$0.004270 
- 
- 
$0.004360 
$0.004270 
$0.004020 

2022 

Number of 
options 
660,000,000 
405,000,000 
- 
- 
180,000,000 
885,000,000 
220,000,000 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
$0.002256 
$0.004295 
$0.000200 
- 
$0.004500 
$0.004295 
$0.003955 

2021 

Number of 
options 
195,000,000 
660,000,000 
175,000,000 
- 
20,000,000 
660,000,000 
220,000,000 

The exercise price of options outstanding at 31 December 2022 ranged between $0.00402 and $0.0045 (2021: $0.00378 and $0.00501) 
and their weighted average contractual life was 1.85 years (2021: 2.31 years). 

The number of options over ordinary shares in the Company held during the financial year by each director and other members of key 
management personnel of the Company, including their personally related parties is as set out below: 

Name 
Directors 
Adam Boyd 
Simon Higgins 
Peter Torre 
Paul Everingham 

Balance at 
the start of 
the year 

Granted as 
compen- 

sation  Exercised  Forfeited 

Balance  
at the  
end of  
the year 

Vested  
and  
exercisable 

Other 
changes 

Unvested 

300,000,000 
90,000,000 
90,000,000 

- 
- 
- 
-  180,000,000 
480,000,000  180,000,000 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

-  300,000,000  100,000,000 
30,000,000 
90,000,000 
- 
30,000,000 
- 
90,000,000 
-  180,000,000 
60,000,000 
-  660,000,000  220,000,000 

200,000,000 
60,000,000 
60,000,000 
120,000,000 
440,000,000 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Set out below are summaries of options granted under the Scheme during the year ended 31 December 2022. Options granted to 
directors were granted upon shareholder approval pursuant to ASX Listing Rule 10.14: 

Balance 
at start 
of 
period 
Number 

Granted 
during the 
period 
Number 

Exercised 
during 
the 
period 
Number 

Forfeited 
during 
the 
period 
Number 

Balance at 
end of 
period 
Number 

Vested and 
exercisable 
at end of 
period 
Number 

Grant date 
Directors 
Paul Everingham 
11 April 2022 
11 April 2022 
11 April 2022¹ 

Expiry date 

11 April 2024 
11 April 2025 
11 April 2026 

Exercise 
price 

$0.00402 
$0.00429 
$0.00450 

-  60,000,000 
-  60,000,000 
-  60,000,000 

Senior Executives 
David Sharp 
16 November 2022  
16 November 2022 
16 November 2022 

16 November 2023  
16 November 2025 
16 November 2026 

$0.00402 
$0.00429 
$0.00450 

-  75,000,000 
-  75,000,000 
-  75,000,000 

¹ Options valued based on market conditions. 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

-  60,000,000 
-  60,000,000 
-  60,000,000 

60,000,000 
- 
- 

-  75,000,000 
-  75,000,000 
-  75,000,000 

- 
- 
- 

There has been no alteration of the terms and conditions of the above share-based payment arrangements since grant date. 

The fair value of the equity-settled share options granted under the Scheme is estimated as at the date of grant using the Trinomial 
option pricing model taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the options were granted. 

Simon Higgins, Adam Boyd 
and  
Peter Torre 
11 May 2021 

Paul Everingham 

David Sharp 

11 April 2022 

16 November 2022 

11 May 
2023 

11 May 
2024 
287.6%  268.9% 
0.13% 
0.12% 
1,096 
730 

11 May 
2025 
281.0% 
0.58% 
1,461 

11 April 
2024 
257.4% 
2.110% 
731 

11 April 
2025 
255.5% 
2.505% 
1,096 

11 April 
2026 
257.5% 
2.675% 
1,461 

16 
November 
2023 
228.1% 
3.165% 
731 

16 
November 
2025 
247.3% 
3.25% 
1,096 

16 
November 
2026 
253% 
3.37% 
1,461 

0.4 

0.4 

0.4 

0.3 

0.3 

0.3 

0.2 

0.2 

0.2 

0.380 

0.391 

0.398 

0.277 

0.291 

0.296 

0.171 

0.191 

0.197 

Grant date 
Expiry date 

Expected volatility ¹ 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected life of option 
(days) ² 
Grant date share price 
(cents) 
Fair value of each option 
(cents) 

¹  The  expected  volatility  reflects  the  assumption  that  the  historical  volatility  is  indicative  of  future  trends,  which  may  also  not 

necessarily be the actual outcome. 

²  The expected life of the options is not based on historical data and is not necessarily indicative of exercise patterns that may occur.  

The number of days is calculated by the number of days between the grant date and expiry date of the option.  

No other features of options granted were incorporated into the measurement of fair value. 

(c)  Expenses arising from share-based payment transactions 

Total expenses arising from share-based payment transactions recognised during the period were as follows: 

Expense arising from equity-settled share-based payment transaction 
Total expense arising from share-based payment transactions 

2022 
$ 

620,174 
620,174 

2021 
$ 

1,175,719 
1,175,719 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

33.  Financial instruments 
Financial risk management policies 
The Group financial instruments consist mainly of deposits with banks, accounts receivables and payables and domestic loans. 

The Board of Directors analyse financial risk exposure at Board Meetings to evaluate treasury management strategies in the context 
of the most recent economic conditions and forecasts. The Board’s overall risk management strategy seeks to assist the Group in 
meeting its financial targets, whilst minimizing potential adverse effects on financial performance. 

(a)  Market risk 
(i)  Foreign exchange risk 
The Group is exposed to currency risk on purchases of spare parts and plant and equipment that are denominated in US dollars 
(USD). The use of currency hedging in relation to these exposures is assessed on a case-by-case basis. 

Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions and recognised assets and liabilities denominated in a currency 
that is not the entity’s functional currency. The risk is measured using sensitivity analysis and cash flow forecasting. Management 
has set up a policy that all transactions in foreign currencies be transacted at spot. Management will continually review this policy 
based on volumes of foreign currency required. 

The carrying amount of the Group’s foreign currency denominated financial assets and financial liabilities at the reporting date were 
as follows: 

Trade and other receivables 
Trade and other payables 
Net exposure 

USD 
$ 
- 
(114,304) 
(114,304) 

2022 
AUD 
$ 
284,929 
(554,488) 
(269,559) 

USD 
$ 
- 
(225,272) 
(225,272) 

2021 
AUD 
$ 
495,687 
(535,928) 
(40,241) 

The effect of a 3% strengthening of the USD against the AUD at the reporting date on USD denominated trade payables carried at 
that date would, all other variables held constant, have resulted in a decrease in net assets of AU $4,914 (2021: $9,033). A 3% 
weakening in the exchange rate would, on the same basis, have increased post-tax profit and increased net assets by AU$4,914 
(2021: $9,033). 

(ii)  Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk  
The Group’s policy is to minimise interest rate cash flow risk exposures on long-term financing. Longer term borrowings are therefore 
usually at fixed rates. The Group’s exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to cash and cash equivalents. As at 31 December 
2022, the Group has hire purchase financial liabilities that are at fixed rates and has no financial liabilities subject to interest rate 
movements. The Group’s maximum exposure to interest rate risk at reporting date is shown below. As such, sensitivity to interest 
rate risk is considered immaterial. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables - current 

Note 

14 
15 

2022 
$ 

2,274,608 
291,430 
2,566,038 

2021 
$ 

1,882,994 
495,687 
2,378,681 

(b)  Credit risk 
Credit  risk  arises  from  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  held-to-maturity  investments,  favourable  derivative  financial  instruments  and 
deposits with banks and financial institutions, as well as the credit exposures to wholesale and retail customers, including outstanding 
receivables.  

The carrying amount of the Group’s financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The Group’s maximum exposure to 
credit risk at the reporting date was: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables - current 

Note 

14 
15 

2022 
$ 

2,274,608 
291,430 
2,566,038 

2021 
$ 

1,882,994 
495,687 
2,378,681 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

The Group manages credit risk through dealing with creditworthy counterparties and balances are monitored on an ongoing basis. 
For  bank  and  financial  institutions,  only  independently  rated  parties  with  a  minimum  Standard  &  Poor’s  credit  rating  of  A  (or 
equivalent) are accepted. 

In respect of trade and other receivables, the Group is not exposed to any significant credit risk exposure to any single counterparty 
or any group of counter parties having similar characteristics. Trade receivables include blue chip companies in mining and mining 
services industries. Management considers the credit quality of trade receivables that are not past due or impaired to be in good 
standing. 

(c)  Liquidity risk  
The Group  has limited  exposure to  liquidity risk  as the  Group’s  main  liabilities are  trade and  other payables  and hire  purchase 
liabilities. The Group considers expected cash flows from financial assets in assessing and managing liquidity risk, in particular its 
cash resources and trade receivables. The Group’s existing cash resources and trade receivables (see Notes 14 and 15) exceed 
the current cash outflow requirements. Cash flows from trade and other receivables are all contractually due within six months. 

The table below analyses the Group’s financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on their contractual maturities. The 
amounts  disclosed  in  the  table  are  the  contractual  discounted  cash  flows.  Balances  due  within  12  months  equal  their  carrying 
balances as the impact of discounting is not significant.  

Contractual maturities of 
financial liabilities 

Less than 
6 months 

6-12 
months 

Between 
1 and 2 
years 

Between 
2 and 5 
years 

Over 5 
years 

Total 
contractual 
cash flows 

At 31 December 2022 
Trade Payables 
Borrowings 
Lease liabilities 
Total  

At 31 December 2021 
Trade Payables 
Borrowings 
Lease liabilities 
Total 

$ 
722,441 
28,329 
165,323 
916,093 

846,163 
20,369 
111,743 
978,275 

$ 

- 
4,047 
167,252 
171,299 

$ 

- 
- 
255,711 
255,711 

$ 

- 
- 
253,438 
253,438 

$ 

- 
3,832 
77,537 
81,369 

- 
- 
145,631 
145,631 

- 
- 
72,816 
72,816 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Carrying 
amount 
(assets) / 
liabilities 
$ 
722,441 
32,376 
773,739 
1,528,556 

$ 
722,441 
32,376 
841,724 
1,596,541 

846,163 
24,201 
407,726 
1,278,090 

846,163 
24,201 
359,300 
1,229,664 

(d)  Recognised fair value measurements 
The net fair value and carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities are disclosed in the Consolidated Statement of 
Financial  Position  and  in  the  Notes  to  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial  Position.  This  note  provides  an  update  on  the 
judgements and estimates made by the group in determining the fair values of the financial instruments. 

Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value 

The financial instruments recognised at fair value in the Statement of Financial Position have been analysed and classified using a 
fair value hierarchy reflecting the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements.  

Fair value hierarchy 

The fair value hierarchy consists of the following levels: 

•  Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1); 

• 

• 

Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (as 
prices) or indirectly (derived from prices) (Level 2); and 

Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market date (unobservable inputs) (Level 3) 

As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, the carrying amount of assets and liabilities approximate their fair values. 

There were no transfers between levels for recurring fair value measurements during the year. The Group’s policy is to recognize 
transfers into and transfers out of fair value hierarchy levels as at the end of the reporting date. 

Level 1: the fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (such as publicly traded derivatives, and trading and available-
for-sale securities) is based on quoted market prices at the end of the reporting period. The quoted market price used for financial 
assets held by the Group is the current bid price. These instruments are included in Level 1. 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Level 2: the fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, over-the-counter derivatives) is 
determined using valuation techniques which maximises the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-
specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument is observable, the instrument is included in Level 2. 

Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in Level 3.  

Capital management 
The Board’s policy is to maintain a strong asset base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future 
development of the business. There were no changes in the Group’s approach to capital management during the year. Neither the 
Group nor any of its subsidiaries is subject to externally imposed capital requirements. 

34.  Parent entity financial information 

Statement of financial position 

Current assets 
Non-current assets 
Total assets 
Current liabilities 
Non-current liabilities 
Total liabilities 
Net assets 
Shareholders’ equity 
Issued capital 
Reserves 
Accumulated losses 
Total shareholders’ equity 

Profit / (loss) for the year 

Total comprehensive profit / (loss) 

2022 
$ 

652,083 
5,210,474 
5,862,557 
(433,700) 
(1,013,857) 
(1,447,557) 
4,415,000 

76,861,879 
7,901,258 
(80,348,137) 
4,415,000 

(516,457) 

(516,457) 

2021 
$ 

833,241 
3,529,037 
4,362,278 
(371,569) 
(227,539) 
(599,108) 
3,763,169 

74,132,092 
7,281,084 
(77,650,007) 
3,763,169 

56,965 

56,965 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Directors' Declaration 
In accordance with a resolution of the directors of Volt Power Group Limited, I state that:   

1. 

In the opinion of the directors: 

(a)  the  financial  statements  and  notes  of  Volt  Power  Group  Limited  for  the  financial  year  ended  31  December  2022  are  in 

accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including: 

(i)  giving a true and fair view of the consolidated entity’s financial position as at 31 December 2022 and of its performance 

for the year ended on that date; and 

(ii)  complying with Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulations 2001; 

(b)   the financial statements and notes also comply with International Financial Reporting Standards as disclosed in note 2(a); and 

(c)  there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company will be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and 

payable. 

2.  This declaration has been made after receiving the declarations required to be made to the directors by the chief executive 
officer and chief financial officer in accordance with section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001 for the financial year ended 31 
December 2022. 

On behalf of the board. 

Adam Boyd 
Chairman  
Perth 
28 February 2023 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
Tel: +61 8 6382 4600
Fax: +61 8 6382 4601
www.bdo.com.au

Level 9, Mia Yellagonga Tower 2
5 Spring Street
Perth, WA 6000
PO Box 700 West Perth WA 6872
Australia

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT

To the members of Volt Power Group Limited

Report on the Audit of the Financial Report

Opinion

We have audited the financial report of Volt Power Group Limited (the Company) and its subsidiaries
(the Group), which comprises the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2022,
the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year then ended,
and notes to the financial report, including a summary of significant accounting policies and the
directors’ declaration.

In our opinion the accompanying financial report of the Group, is in accordance with the Corporations
Act 2001, including:

(i)

Giving a true and fair view of the Group’s financial position as at 31 December 2022 and of its
financial performance for the year ended on that date; and

(ii)

Complying with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulations 2001.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.  Our responsibilities under
those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial
Report section of our report.  We are independent of the Group in accordance with the Corporations
Act 2001 and the ethical requirements of the Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board’s
APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards) (the Code)
that are relevant to our audit of the financial report in Australia.  We have also fulfilled our other
ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Code.

We confirm that the independence declaration required by the Corporations Act 2001, which has been
given to the directors of the Company, would be in the same terms if given to the directors as at the
time of this auditor’s report.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis
for our opinion.

BDO Audit (WA) Pty Ltd ABN 79 112 284 787 is a member of a national association of independent entities which are all members of BDO Australia
Ltd ABN 77 050 110 275, an Australian company limited by guarantee. BDO Audit (WA) Pty Ltd and BDO Australia Ltd are members of BDO
International Ltd, a UK company limited by guarantee, and form part of the international BDO network of independent member firms. Liability
limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.

Key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in
our audit of the financial report of the current period.  These matters were addressed in the context of
our audit of the financial report as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide
a separate opinion on these matters.

Revenue Recognition

Key audit matter

How the matter was addressed in our audit

The Group has several material revenue streams in the 

Our procedures included, but were not limited to the

form of product revenue and rental revenue as disclosed 

following:

in Note 3(e) and Note 7 of the financial report.

(cid:127)

Performing analytical procedures to

The core principles of AASB 15 Revenue from contracts 

understand movements and trends in

with customers, is the recognition of revenue on the 

revenue for comparisons against

achievement of performance obligations to the extent it 

expectations;

is highly probably that a significant reversal in the 

amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not

occur.

(cid:127)

Considering credit notes issued post year end

and performing cut-off testing to ensure

revenue transactions around year end have

This area is a key audit matter as revenue is one of the 

been recorded in the correct reporting

key drivers for the Group’s performance and the 

period;

principles of AASB 15 involve significant judgement and 

estimates and thus, there is a risk that revenue has not 

been recognised in accordance with this standard.

(cid:127)

Agreeing, for a sample of revenue

transactions, the amounts recorded by the

Group to supporting documentation to

confirm the existence and accuracy of the

revenue recognised and to consider whether

the transaction was recorded in the correct

period and in accordance with contractual

arrangements;

Considering management’s assessment of the

recognition of a refund liability; and

Assessing the adequacy of the relevant

disclosure within the financial report.

(cid:127)

(cid:127)

Other information

The directors are responsible for the other information.  The other information comprises the
information in the Group’s annual report for the year ended 31 December 2022, but does not include
the financial report and the auditor’s report thereon.

Our opinion on the financial report does not cover the other information and we do not express any
form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial report, our responsibility is to read the other information
and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial
report or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this
other information, we are required to report that fact.  We have nothing to report in this regard.

Responsibilities of the directors for the Financial Report

The directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation of the financial report that gives a
true and fair view in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Act 2001
and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the
financial report that gives a true and fair view and is free from material misstatement, whether due to
fraud or error.

In preparing the financial report, the directors are responsible for assessing the ability of the group to
continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the
going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or to cease
operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Report

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial report as a whole is free
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that
includes our opinion.  Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an
audit conducted in accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards will always detect a material
misstatement when it exists.  Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material
if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic
decisions of users taken on the basis of this financial report.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial report is located at the
Auditing and Assurance Standards Board website (http://www.auasb.gov.au/Home.aspx) at:

https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/ar1_2020.pdf

This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Report on the Remuneration Report

Opinion on the Remuneration Report

We have audited the Remuneration Report included in pages 11 to 17 of the directors’ report for the
year ended 31 December 2022.

In our opinion, the Remuneration Report of Volt Power Group Limited, for the year ended 31 December
2022, complies with section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001.

Responsibilities

The directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation and presentation of the
Remuneration Report in accordance with section 300A of the Corporations Act 2001.  Our responsibility
is to express an opinion on the Remuneration Report, based on our audit conducted in accordance with
Australian Auditing Standards.

BDO Audit (WA) Pty Ltd

Glyn O'Brien

Director

Perth

28 February 2023

VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Investor Information 

Additional information required by the Australian Securities Exchange Limited and not shown elsewhere in this report is as 
follows. The information is current as at 21 February 2023. 

Distribution of equity securities 
The number of shareholders, by size of holding, in each class of share are detailed below: 

Range 

100,001 and Over 
10,001 to 100,000 
5,001 to 10,000 
1,001 to 5,000 
1 to 1,000 
Total 
Unmarketable Parcels 

Securities 
10,696,778,369 
17,250,158 
1,319,352 
752,677 
107,655 
10,716,208,211 
54,440,570 

%  No. of holders 
1,001 
448 
162 
262 
426 
2,299 
1,509 

99.82 
0.16 
0.01 
0.01 
0.00 
100.00 
0.51 

% 
43.54 
19.49 
7.05 
11.40 
18.53 
100.00 
65.64 

Twenty largest shareholders 
The names of the twenty largest holders of quoted shares are: 

Rank 

Name 

1 

2 

3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 

DAVID JAMES SHARP & STEFANIE LOUISE KING 
MR MICHAEL CAMPBELL HENDER & MR JOHN ERNEST 
HENDER 
RENEWABLE INITIATIVE PTY LTD  
GENUSPLUS GROUP PTY LTD  
ADAM BOYD  
S & N HIGGINS SUPER PTY LTD  
MR CHRIS CARR & MRS BETSY CARR 
SIMON HIGGINS  
AHB SUPER PTY LTD  
RENEWABLE INITIATIVE PTY LTD  
MR GREGORY JOHN BITTAR  
MR MARK JOHN CLARK 
DAVID OGG & ASSOCIATES PTY LTD  
HOODWINKED PTY LTD 
AHB SUPER PTY LTD  
BOUCHI PTY LTD  
MR JUSTIN O’NEIL MALOUF 
BOTSIS HOLDINGS PTY LTD  
GETTYSBURG INVESTMENT COMPANY PTY LTD  
DARRYL PETER OLDFIELD  

Total 
Balance of register 
Grand total 

21 Feb 2023 

%IC 

1,421,674,653 

13.27 

692,000,000 

6.46 

579,500,000 
461,000,000 
443,000,000 
428,000,000 
400,000,000 
345,000,000 
320,000,000 
300,500,000 
220,000,000 
212,115,525 
204,236,707 
170,000,000 
154,000,000 
152,530,017 
150,000,000 
136,706,690 
121,942,344 
110,000,000 
7,022,205,936 
3,694,002,275 
10,716,208,211 

5.41 
4.30 
4.13 
3.99 
3.73 
3.22 
2.99 
2.80 
2.05 
1.98 
1.91 
1.59 
1.44 
1.42 
1.40 
1.28 
1.14 
1.03 
65.53 
34.47 
100.00 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
VOLT POWER GROUP LIMITED 
ABN 62 009 423 189  

Substantial shareholders 
The following shareholders have declared a relevant interest in the number of voting shares at the date of giving notice under 
Part 6C.1 of the Corporations Act 2001.  

Name 
Adam Boyd (and related) 
David Sharp & Stefanie King ATF Sharp Family Trust 
Simon Higgins (and related) 

No. ordinary 
shares 
1,797,000,000 
1,421,674,653 
801,000,000 

% of 
issued 
capital 
16.77% 
13.27% 
7.47% 

Voting rights 
Each ordinary shareholder present at a general meeting in person, by proxy or by representative is entitled to one vote on a 
show of hands, or on a poll, one vote for each fully paid ordinary share subject to any voting restrictions that may apply. 

53