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Vornado Realty Trust

vno · NYSE Real Estate
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Employees 1001-5000
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FY2017 Annual Report · Vornado Realty Trust
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2 0 1 7   A N N U A L   R E P O R T

V O R N A D O   C O M P A N Y   P R O F I L E

Vornado Realty Trust is a fully-integrated real estate operating company.

We own all or portions of:

• 20.3 million square feet of Manhattan office space in 36 properties;

• 2.7 million square feet of Manhattan street retail space in 71 properties;

• 2,009 units in 12 Manhattan residential properties;

• The 1,700 room Hotel Pennsylvania located on Seventh Avenue at 33rd Street in 

the heart of the Penn Plaza district;

• A 32.4% interest in Alexander’s, Inc. (NYSE:ALX) which owns seven properties 
in the greater New York metropolitan area including 731 Lexington Avenue, the 
1.3 million square foot Bloomberg L.P. headquarters building;

• Signage throughout Penn Plaza and Times Square;

• BMS, our wholly owned subsidiary, which provides cleaning and security services 

for our buildings and third parties, employing 2,788 associates;

• The 3.7 million square foot MART (theMART) in Chicago;

• A 70% controlling interest in 555 California Street, a three-building office 

complex in San Francisco’s financial district aggregating 1.8 million square feet,
formerly known as the Bank of America Center;

• A 4.5% interest in Urban Edge Properties (NYSE:UE);

A 8.0% interest in Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust (NYSE:PEI);
A 7.7% interest in Lexington Realty Trust (NYSE:LXP);

• A 25.0% interest in Vornado Capital Partners, our real estate fund.  We are the 

general partner and investment manager of the fund.  The fund’s investment period 
ended in July 2013; the fund is now in wind down mode;

• 220 Central Park South, a 950-foot-super-tall luxury residential for-sale 

condominium tower containing 400,000 salable square feet, currently under 
construction for 2019 delivery.

Vornado’s common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and are traded
under the symbol: VNO.

1

2

F I N A N C I A L   H I G H L I G H T S ( 1)  

As Reported 

Revenues 

Net income 

Net income per sharebasic 
Net income per sharediluted 

Total assets 

Total equity 

Net Operating Income 

Funds from operations 

Funds from operations per share 

% (decrease)/increase in funds from operations per share 

As Adjusted 

Revenues 

Net income 

Net income per sharebasic 
Net income per sharediluted 

Total assets 

Net Operating Income 

Funds from operations 

Funds from operations per share 

% increase in funds from operations per share 

Year Ended December 31, 

2017 

2,084,126,000 

162,017,000 

0.85 

0.85 

2016 

2,033,742,000 

823,606,000 

4.36 

4.34 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

17,397,934,000 

  $  20,814,847,000 

5,007,701,000 

1,401,383,000 

717,805,000 

3.75 

(51.0%) 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

7,618,496,000 

1,364,108,000 

1,457,583,000 

7.66 

39.8% 

Year Ended December 31, 

2017 

2,084,126,000 

250,951,000 

1.32 

1.31 

2016 

1,993,788,000 

229,159,000 

1.21 

1.21 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

19,889,920,000 

  $  19,196,715,000 

1,380,747,000 

713,816,000 

3.73 

3.9% 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

1,335,984,000 

683,395,000 

3.59 

5.5% 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

1 

In  July  2017,  we  completed  the  spin-off  of  our  Washington,  DC  segment  to  JBG  SMITH  Properties.    The  historical  financial  results  of  our  Washington,  DC  segment  are 
reflected in these financial highlights and in the Chairman’s letter to our shareholders that follows as discontinued operations for all periods presented. 

These financial highlights and the Chairman’s letter to our shareholders also present certain non-GAAP measures, including revenues, net income, total assets, NOI and Funds 
from Operations, all as adjusted as well as Funds from Operations and NOI.  We have provided reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the applicable GAAP measures 
in  the  appendix  section  of  this  Chairman’s  letter  and  in  the  Company’s  Annual  Report  on  Form 10-K  under  “Item  7  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial 
Condition and Results of Operations,” which accompanies this letter or can be viewed at www.vno.com. 

3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
To Our Shareholders 

Funds  from  Operations,  as  Adjusted  (an  apples-to-apples  comparison  of  our  continuing  business,  eliminating 
certain  one-timers,  formerly  called  Comparable  Funds  from  Operations)  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017  was 
$713.8  million,  $3.73  per  diluted  share,  compared  to  $683.4  million,  $3.59  per  diluted  share,  for  the  previous  year,  a 
3.9% increase per share. 

Funds from Operations, as Reported (apples-to-apples plus one-timers) for the year ended December 31, 2017 was 
$717.8 million, $3.75 per diluted share, compared to $1,457.6 million, $7.66 per diluted share, for the previous year. (See 
page 3 for a reconciliation of Funds from Operations, as Reported, to Funds from Operations, as Adjusted.) 

Net Income attributable to common shares for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $162.0 million, $0.85 per diluted 
share, versus $823.6 million, $4.34 per diluted share, for the previous year. 

Our Business is 89% concentrated in New York, the most important city in the world, and overall is 70% office and 
30% high street flagship retail. 

Here are our financial results (presented in Net Operating Income format) by business unit: 

($ IN MILLIONS) 

2017 
Same Store 
% Increase/ 
(Decrease) 

% of 2017 
NOI 

Increase/ 
(Decrease) 
2017/2016 

Net Operating Income 

2017 

2016 

2015 

Net Operating Income: 

Cash 

GAAP 

New York: 
Office 
Retail 
Residential 
Alexander’s 
Hotel Pennsylvania 

Total New York 

theMART 
555 California Street 

Other (see below for details) 

Total Net Operating Income 

12.0% 

11.3% 

(1.8%) 

3.0% 

46.8% 

11.3% 

7.6% 

36.0% 

3.9% 

(0.3%) 

(2.4%) 

1.6% 

47.4% 

2.7% 

4.2% 

1.9% 

54.8% 

27.3% 

1.9% 

3.6% 

1.0% 

88.6% 

7.8% 

3.6% 

100% 

59.0 

(5.1) 

(0.6) 

-- 

4.3 

57.6 

3.8 

1.7 

63.1 

(25.8) 

37.3 

721.2 
359.9 
24.4 
47.3 
13.3   

1,166.1 

102.3 

47.6   
 1,316.0   
85.4   

662.2 
365.0 
25.0 
47.3 
9.0  
1,108.5 

684.1 
343.0 
22.3 
43.4 
22.2 
1,115.0 

98.5 

85.9 

45.9  
  1,252.9  
111.2  

50.3 
  1,251.2 
90.7 

 1,401.4   

  1,364.1  

  1,341.9 

Other Net Operating Income is comprised of: 

($ IN MILLIONS) 

Pennsylvania REIT 
666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium 
Urban Edge Properties 
85 Tenth Avenue 
Other 
Total 

2017 

21.1 
20.6 
14.5 
-- 
29.2   
85.4   

2016 

2015 

22.8 
25.0 
12.5 
27.9 
23.0  
111.2  

11.0 
25.1 
8.1 
22.9 
23.6 
90.7 

This letter and this Annual Report contain forward-looking statements as such term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. The Company’s future results, financial condition and business may 
differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements.  These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties.  Many 
of the factors that will determine these items are beyond our ability to control or predict.   For further discussion of these factors, see “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Item 1A.  
Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, a copy of which accompanies this letter or can be viewed at www.vno.com. 

4

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following chart reconciles Funds from Operations, as Reported, to Funds from Operations, as Adjusted: 

($ IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE) 
Funds from Operations, as Reported 
Less adjustments for certain items that impact FFO: 

FFO of Washington, DC, spin-off 
Transaction Costs related to spin-off 
Total Washington, DC 
Net gain on extinguishment of Skyline properties debt 
Gain on Urban Edge issuance of units 
666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium 
Gain on repayment of Suffolk Downs debt 
Real estate sold 
Income from repayment of loans to and preferred equity in 85 Tenth Avenue 
Acquisition related costs 
Write-off of deferred financing and defeasance costs  
Real Estate Fund 
Tax (expense)/benefit on deferred tax asset 
Impairment loss – Pennsylvania REIT 
Impairment loss – India  
Other, primarily noncontrolling interests’ share of above adjustments 
Total adjustments 

Funds from Operations as Adjusted 

Funds from Operations as Adjusted per share 

2017  
717.8  

2016  
1,457.6  

2015  
1,039.0  

122.2  
(68.7 ) 
53.5  
--  
21.1  
13.2  
11.3  
1.2  
--  
(1.7 ) 
(8.6 ) 
(10.8 ) 
(34.8 ) 
(44.5 ) 
--  
4.1  
4.0  
713.8 

3.73 

226.3  
(16.6 ) 
209.7  
487.9  
--  
10.9  
--  
11.9  
160.8  
(9.4 ) 
--  
(21.0 ) 
--  
--  
(14.0 ) 
(62.6 ) 
774.2  
683.4 

3.59 

223.4  
--  
223.4  
--  
--   

9.3  

--   

64.3  

--   
(12.5 ) 
--  
33.9  
90.0  

--   
(4.5 ) 
(12.7 ) 
391.2  
647.8   

3.42   

Funds  from  Operations,  as  Adjusted,  increased  by  $30.4 million  in  2017,  to  $3.73  from  $3.59  per  share,  an 
increase of $0.14 per share, or 3.9%.  Here is the detail of this increase: 

($ IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE) 
Same Store Operations: 
New York Office 
New York Residential 
New York Street Retail 
New York Hotel Penn 
theMART 
555 California Street 

Acquisitions 
Interest expense 
Other 

Increase in FFO as Adjusted 

Amount 

Per Share 

26.6 
(0.6) 
(0.8) 
4.3 
4.2 
0.9 
1.2 
(9.4) 
4.0 

30.4 

0.13 
-- 
-- 
0.02 
0.02 
-- 
-- 
(0.05) 
0.02 

0.14 

5

3 

 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report Card 

We  manage  the  business  for  long-term  wealth  creation.    We  cannot  directly  influence  share  price,  but  surely  our 
share price over time is a report card on our performance.  Since I have run Vornado from 1980, total shareholder 
returns  have  been  15.9%(2)  per  annum.    Dividends  have  represented  3.9  percentage  points  of  Vornado’s  annual 
return. 

Here is a chart that shows Vornado’s total return to shareholders compared to the Office REIT and MSCI indices for 
various periods ending December 31, 2017 and for 2018 year-to-date:  

2018 YTD 
One-year 
Three-year 
Five-year 
Ten-year 
Fifteen-year 
Twenty-year 

Office 
REIT 
Index 
(8.9 )% 
5.3 % 
19.5 % 
58.7 % 
70.1 % 
274.0 % 
336.3 % 

MSCI 
Index 
(9.1 )% 
5.1 % 
17.0 % 
56.3 % 
105.1 % 
367.4 % 
449.8 % 

Vornado 
(12.9 )% 
(4.3 )% 
(1.4 )% 
54.3 % 
75.7 % 
426.7 % 
459.0 % 

A Little History 

A few years ago, in response to a persistently undervalued stock price and an admittedly too complex and diffuse 
collection of assets and businesses, we began a program to simplify and focus the Company, all with an objective of 
daylighting our treasure trove of assets and creating shareholder value.  As I said at that time, everything  is on the 
table and that we would leave no stone unturned. 

We have since exited business lines and non-core investments, gotten out of the mall business and sold out of the 
showroom business, retaining, of course, the giant 3.7 million square foot Chicago MART building.  We spun off 
our shopping center business in January 2015 into Urban Edge Properties and in July 2017 our Washington business 
to form JBG SMITH Properties.  All told, this activity totaled $15.5 billion, $5.8 billion in asset sales (recognizing 
$2.4 billion of gains) and $9.7 billion of distributions to shareholders by way of tax-free spin-offs.  Of course, along 
the way we acquired and developed assets into our core, all the while upgrading the mix and quality of our portfolio. 

In essence, we have created three best-in-class, highly focused REITs: 

URBAN  EDGE  PROPERTIES,  a  focused,  pure-play  Northeastern  shopping  center  business  with  a  strong 
growth  profile  and  an  irreplaceable  portfolio  of  properties  concentrated  in  dense,  high  barrier  markets  with 
leading demographics.  UE has embedded growth opportunities from redevelopment and repositioning projects 
and a proven management team headed by CEO Jeff Olson, supported by an experienced and engaged Board. 

JBG SMITH PROPERTIES, the largest, pure-play, mixed-use operator focused solely on Washington, DC, with 
a premier portfolio of mixed-use assets in the best Metro-served, urban infill submarkets.  JBG SMITH has a 
best-in-class sharpshooter management team  with a proven record of success, significant near-term embedded 
growth prospects as well as an enormous pipeline of future development opportunities. 

VORNADO REALTY TRUST (RemainCo), a peerless NYC-focused real estate company with premier office 
assets  and  the  only  publicly  investable  high  street  retail  portfolio  of  unique  quality  and  scale.    Vornado 
(RemainCo) has trophy assets in the best submarkets, a best-in-class management team with a proven record of 
value creation and a fortress balance sheet. 

So  how  have  we  done?   When  we  began  this  campaign  some  years  ago,  our  shares  were  trading  at  a  discount  to 
NAV that we calculated to be about 9%.(3)  After all we have done, our NAV discount is today about 29%.(3), which 
I  must  say  is  a  total  disconnect  from  the  value  of  our  assets.    The  fact  that  many  of  our  peers  and  many  of  the 
industry blue chips had similar NAV declines and are also trading at large discounts makes us feel no better at all. 

2  More recent shareholder returns have been 9.1% for five years and 5.8% for ten years. 
3  Calculated using Green Street’s NAV.  

6

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Since  Kimco’s  IPO,  which  began  the  modern  REIT  era  in  1991,  publicly-owned  real  estate  has  grown  to 
approximately $2 trillion in assets and $1 trillion of equity.(4)  Pretty exciting, amazing growth.  Nonetheless, today 
public companies own only  10% of commercial property and their share is growing at a snail’s pace.  Obviously, 
and notwithstanding the advantage of liquidity, professional  management,  etc.  of  REITs, 90% prefer to own their 
real estate directly or in other formats. 

Furthermore, public real estate seems to sell at a chronic discount to private market values. A building in New York 
valued at, say, $1,000 per square foot in the private market might sell for, you pick the number, $800 a foot in the 
public market.  This makes little sense.  Even worse, if we or our brethren invested in that building at $1,000 per 
square foot, the next day it would be valued by our shareholders at only $800 per foot…sort of like buying a new 
car, which when you drive it off the lot, suffers a 20% used-car discount.  This discount is chronic and it seems to 
affect all CBD office  companies, certainly in New  York and even  in  London. It seems  to affect companies of all 
styles whether the strong silent type like us, or promotional types like some others.  Neither seems to work.  One 
would think investors would pick up on this arbitrage opportunity and load up on discounted public real estate, but 
for lots of reasons that  has not happened.  One might conclude on the one hand, that institutional investors do not 
want paper shares and on the other, that shareholders will not pay full price for real estate.  It may be that asset lite is 
a better format…or, it may be that we are in a frustrating part of the cycle which will correct over time. 

Be  assured,  we  will  continue  to  leave  no  stone  unturned  and  everything  remains  on  the  table  in  the  pursuit  of 
shareholder value.(5)  We are not done yet. 

4  Source: NAREIT 
5  Here’s a crazy idea…how exciting would it be to use Vornado’s highly sought-after assets to seed a core fund or funds?  Another idea…Joe 

has thought we should separate retail, and he still does.  

5 

7
7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Why Buy Vornado Shares 

  Any way you cut it, we believe Vornado’s stock is stupid, stupid cheap.  Never in history, by any metric, has 

it been this cheap. 
By our calculation, our 17.0 million square feet of office (at share) in New York is valued at less than $600 
per square foot at our current stock price, and that’s at least $300 below the private market, and that’s over 
$5 billion. 

  Vornado has a 3.8% dividend yield, the highest amongst its peers. 

  Vornado is New York-centric (the best city in the world). 

  Vornado  has  the  highest  quality  assets,  both  office  and  retail,  including  the  franchise  MART  and 

555 California Street. 

  Vornado has a tried and true management team, the most talented and experienced in the industry.  I cannot 
say often enough that Vornado and its management team are one of only a very small handful of firms  that 
have  the  capital  base,  track  record,  talent,  relationships  and  trust  in  the  marketplace  to  lease,  acquire, 
develop,  finance  and  manage  million  square  foot  towers  and  Fifth  Avenue  retail.    It’s  a  complicated 
business, rookies need not apply. 

  Vornado has a great future in Penn Plaza (the Promised Land) and that future comes for free in our stock 

price. 

  Vornado has a fortress balance sheet with enormous financial capacity for external growth and an additional 
$2 billion expected to come in from asset sales and 220 Central Park South closings.  Vornado has a track 
record of doing home run deals at the right time in the cycle. 

  Vornado  has  significant  internal  growth  opportunities  coming  from  among  others:  61  Ninth  Avenue,  512 
West  22nd  Street,  260  Eleventh  Avenue,  Farley  Post  Office/Moynihan  Train  Hall,  Penn  Plaza 
redevelopment including One Penn Plaza, 770 Broadway and 1535 Broadway, etc., etc. 

8

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Here Are The Principles By Which We Run Our Business:(6) 

We  are  a  fully-integrated  real  estate  operating  company.  We  have  the  best  leasing,  operating  and 
development teams in the business.  We are laser focused. 

We invest in the best buildings in the best locations. 

We  seek  to  acquire  value-add  assets  where  our  unique  skills  will  create  shareholder  value.    We  believe 
vacancy  at  the  right  price  is  an  opportunity  and  that  buildings,  even  in  rundown  condition  (that  we  can 
reimagine) in great locations are also an opportunity. 

We invest in our buildings to maintain, modernize and transform.  The front of the house and the back of 
the  house  of  our  assets  are  as  good  as  new  (and  are  in  locations  where  new  could  not  be  created).    Our 
transformations  have  increased  rents  over  $20  per  square  foot,  yielding  attractive  double-digit  returns.  
David also  measures our success here by the quality of tenants  we have  been able to attract.(7)  We  have 
transformed almost all of our fleet; Penn Plaza is on deck. 

We are disciplined and patient and prepared to let flat 4% cap rate deals pass by, while we wait for the fat 
pitch. 

While  we  have  many  million  plus  square  foot  buildings,  we  shy  away  from  500,000  square  foot  tenants 
who seem to always get the better of the deal, in strong markets or in weak.  Our sweet spot is the 50,000 to 
200,000 square foot tenant. 

A  few  years ago, I coined the phrase,  “The  island of Manhattan is tilting to the West and to the South.” 
Today,  the  hottest  submarkets  in  town  run  from  Hudson  Yards  to  Penn  Plaza  and  extend  South  through 
Chelsea and Meatpacking.  Anticipating these trends, we have structured our office portfolio so that half of 
our square footage is in this district. 

We have a hospitality approach, treating our tenants as the valued customers that they are.  This attitude 
begins  at  the  leasing  table  (although  that  process  can  at  times  be  contentious),  through  tenant  fit  up,  to 
greeting  at  the  front  door.    We  believe  this  approach  yields  the  highest  renewal  rate  in  the  business; 
renewing tenants enhance our bottom line. 

We treat the real estate brokerage community as if they are our customers, because they are. Brokers prefer 
dealing with us, we know what it takes to make a deal, we treat their clients well and we deliver every time. 

We are in the amenity business.  Our amenity poster child is the giant MART in Chicago, where we have 
dominant, state of the art, dining, workout, socializing and meeting spaces, etc. 

Tenant mix is really important; companies and their employees care who they co-tenant with.  The design 
and location of each of our buildings has a target market in mind.  For example our new-builds in Chelsea 
are targeting the creative class and boutique financials (an interesting combination). 

We maintain a fortress balance sheet with industry-leading liquidity. 

All of this in the relentless pursuit of shareholder value. 

6 

7 

These are enduring principles and are largely reprinted from last year’s letter. 
Such as:  Amazon, Neuberger Berman, Facebook, AOL/Verizon, Ziff Brothers, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Guggenheim Partners, Cushman & 
Wakefield, PJT Partners, FootLocker, Alston & Bird, TPG, JLL and Robert A.M. Stern. 

7 

9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Growth 

As is our custom, we present the chart below that traces our ten-year record of growth, both in absolute dollars and per 
share amounts: 

($ AND SHARES IN MILLIONS, 
EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) 

2017 
2016 
2015 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2011 
2010 
2009 
2008 

As Adjusted 

FFO 

Amount 
713.8 
683.4 
647.8 
534.2 
494.3 
378.2 
369.6 
351.8 
232.6 
343.9 

Per 
Share 
3.73 
3.59 
3.42 
2.83 
2.63 
2.03 
1.93 
1.85 
1.34 
2.10 

Shares 
Outstanding 
201.6 
200.5 
199.9 
198.5 
197.8 
197.3 
196.5 
195.7 
194.1 
168.9 

NOI 
1,380.7 
1,336.0 
1,279.1 
1,137.8 
1,073.7 
932.4 
924.8 
899.8 
863.1 
873.1 

FFO increased this year by 4.5% (3.9% on a per share basis), 13.5% per year over five years (12.9% on a per share 
basis) and 6.5% per year over ten years (4.9% on a per share basis). 

Acquisitions/Dispositions 

Our external growth has never been programmed, formulaic or linear, i.e. we do not budget acquisition activity.  Each 
year, we mine our deal flow for opportunities and, as such, our acquisition volume is lumpy.  Our acquisition activity 
since  2016  has  ebbed  in  response  to  a  rising  market.  Acquisitions  have  been  limited  to  strategic  New  York  retail 
properties and creative class, value-add office projects - if we were an industrial company, you might call them bolt-on 
acquisitions.  We have pushed away from acquisitions that are off-the-fairway, non-strategic or over-priced. 

From 2012 through 2016, our disposition activity has increased nearly four-fold as we have implemented our strategic 
simplification;  we  have  sold  much  more  than  we  have  acquired;  we  have  executed  $5.7  billion  of  asset  sales  in 
70 transactions,  recognizing  $2.4  billion  of  gains.    In  addition,  we  will  have  distributed  $9.7  billion  of  assets 
($6.8 billion  of  equity)  to  shareholders  by  way  of  tax-free  spin-offs  of  Urban  Edge  Properties  (our  former  strip 
shopping  center  business)  and  JBG  SMITH  (our  former  Washington,  DC  business).    Importantly,  we  have  also 
significantly upgraded the mix and quality of our assets. 

Here is a ten-year schedule of acquisitions and dispositions. 

Acquisitions(8) 

Dispositions(8) 

($ IN MILLIONS) 
2018 to date 
2017 
2016 
2015 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2011 
2010 
2009 
2008 

Number of 
Transactions 
1 
4 
6 
13 
6 
6 
10 
12 
15 
-- 
3 

76 

Asset 
Cost 
44.0 
145.7 
147.4 
955.8 
648.1 
813.3 
1,365.2 
1,499.1 
542.4 
-- 
31.5 

6,192.5 

Number of 
Transactions 
1 
4 
5 
11   
11 
20 
23 
7 
5 
16 
6 

109 

Proceeds  
20.5  
50.6  
1,022.5 
972.9 
1,060.4 
1,429.8  
1,222.3  
389.2  
137.8  
262.8  
493.2  
7,062.0 

Net 
Gain  
12.4 
5.1 
664.4  
316.7  
523.4 
434.1 
454.0 
137.8 
56.8 
43.0 
171.1 
2,818.8  

The  action  here  takes  place  on  the  45th  floor  where  our  acquisitions/dispositions  teams  reside.    Special  thanks  to 
EVP - CIO Michael Franco and EVP Mark Hudspeth and to SVPs Cliff Broser, Mario Ramirez, Adam Green and 
the rest of the team. 

10

8  Excludes spin-offs and marketable securities. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11

Capital Markets 

At year-end, after adjusting for the $470 million redemption of all outstanding Series G and I preferred shares noted 
in the  second bullet  below,  we  had $4.1 billion of liquidity comprised of $1.6 billion of cash, restricted cash and 
marketable  securities  and  $2.5  billion  of  revolving  credit  facilities.    Today,  we  have  $4.0  billion  of  liquidity 
available. 

Since January 1, 2017, we have executed the following capital markets transactions: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In January 2018, we completed a $100 million refinancing of 33-00 Northern Boulevard (Center Building), 
a 471,000 square foot office building in Long Island City, New York.  The seven-year loan is at LIBOR 
plus 1.80%, which was swapped to a fixed rate of 4.14%.  We realized net proceeds of approximately $37.2 
million after repayment of the existing 4.43%, $59.8 million mortgage and closing costs. 

In January 2018, we redeemed all of the outstanding 6.625% Series G and Series I cumulative redeemable 
preferred  shares  at  their  redemption  price  of  $25.00  per  share,  or  $470 million  in  the  aggregate,  plus 
accrued and unpaid dividends/distributions through the date of redemption. 

In December, we issued $320 million of 5.25% Series M cumulative redeemable preferred shares at a price 
of $25.00 per share, receiving net proceeds of $309.6 million. 

In  December,  we  redeemed  all  of  the  $450  million  principal  amount  of  our  outstanding  2.50%  senior 
unsecured notes which were scheduled to mature on June 30, 2019, at a redemption price of 100.71% plus 
accrued interest. 

In December, we completed a public offering of $450 million 3.50% senior unsecured notes due January 
15, 2025.  The notes were sold at 99.596% of their face amount to yield 3.565%. 

In December, the joint venture, in which we have a 50.0% interest, completed a $20 million refinancing of 
50 West 57th Street, an 81,000 square foot Manhattan office building. The loan is interest-only at LIBOR 
plus  1.60%  (3.26%  at  March  31,  2018)  and  matures  in  December  2022.  The  new  loan  refinanced  the 
existing $20 million mortgage which had a fixed rate of 3.50%. 

In October, we extended one of our two $1.25 billion unsecured revolving credit facilities from November 
2018 to January 2022 with two six-month extension options. The interest rate on the extended facility was 
lowered to LIBOR plus 1.00%. 

In August, the joint venture, in which we have a 50.0% interest, completed a $1.2 billion refinancing of 280 
Park Avenue, a 1,250,000 square foot Manhattan office building.  The loan is interest-only at LIBOR plus 
1.73%  (3.45% at March 31, 2018) and  matures in  September 2019  with  five one-year  extension options. 
Our share of net proceeds, after repayment of the existing $900 million LIBOR plus 2.00% mortgage and 
closing costs, was approximately $140 million. 

In July, Vornado Capital Partners Real Estate Fund (Fund), in which we have a 25.0% ownership interest, 
completed  a  $100  million  loan  facility  for  the  refinancing  of  1100  Lincoln  Road,  a  130,000  square  foot 
retail  and  theater  property  in  Miami,  Florida.  The  loan  is  interest-only  at  LIBOR  plus  2.40%  (4.06%  at 
March 31, 2018), matures in  July 2020  with two one-year  extension options.   At closing, the  Fund drew 
$82.8  million,  and,  subject  to  property  performance,  may  borrow  up  to  $17.3  million  within  the  first 
18 months  of  the  loan  term.  The  property  was  previously  encumbered  by  a  $66  million  interest-only 
mortgage at LIBOR plus 2.25% which was scheduled to mature in August 2017. 

In  July,  the  joint  venture,  in  which  we  have  a  25.0%  interest,  completed  a  $500  million  refinancing  of 
330 Madison Avenue, an 845,000 square foot Manhattan office building. The seven-year interest-only loan 
matures in August 2024 and has a fixed rate of 3.43%. Our share of net proceeds, after repayment of the 
existing $150 million LIBOR plus 1.30% mortgage and closing costs, was approximately $85 million. 

In July, prior to completion of the tax-free spin-off of our Washington, DC business, we repaid the $43.6 
million LIBOR plus 1.25% mortgage encumbering 1700 and 1730 M Street which was scheduled to mature 
in August 2017. The unencumbered property was then transferred to JBGS in connection with the tax-free 
spin-off of Washington. 

12

9 

 
 
 
13

 

 

 

In June, we completed a $220 million financing of The Bartlett residential building. The five-year interest-
only loan is at LIBOR plus 1.70%, and matures in June 2022.  In July, the property, the loan and the $217 
million  of  net  proceeds  were  transferred  to  JBGS  in  connection  with  the  tax-free  spin-off  of  our 
Washington, DC business. 

In June, the joint venture, in which we have a 50.1% interest, completed a $271 million loan facility for the 
Moynihan Office Building, of which $210.3 million was outstanding at December 31, 2017. The interest-
only loan is at LIBOR plus 3.25% (4.94% at March 31, 2018) and matures in June 2019 with two one-year 
extension options. 

In  June,  Alexander’s,  Inc.  in  which  we  have  a  32.4%  ownership  interest,  completed  a  $500  million 
refinancing of the office portion of 731 Lexington Avenue. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 0.90% 
(2.68% at March 31, 2018) and matures in June 2020 with four one-year extension options.  The property 
was  previously  encumbered  by  a  $300  million  interest-only  mortgage  at  LIBOR  plus  0.95%  which  was 
scheduled to mature in March 2021. 

Our AAA capital markets team was responsible for approximately $5 billion of transactions in this very active year.  
Thank you to EVP Mark Hudspeth and SVPs Richard Reczka and Jan LaChapelle. 

Below is the right hand side of our balance sheet at December 31, 2017: 

($ IN MILLIONS)  

Secured debt 
Unsecured debt 
Pro rata share of non-consolidated debt (excluding Toys “R” Us) 
Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated debt 
Total debt 
220 Central Park South(9) 
666 Fifth Avenue office debt, at share 
Cash, restricted cash and marketable securities(10) 

Net debt 

EBITDA as adjusted(11) 

Net debt/EBITDA as adjusted 

8,204 
1,600 
3,431 
(601) 
12,634 
(1,700) 
(699) 
(1,628) 
8,607 

1,256 

6.9x 

Fixed rate  debt accounted  for 70% of debt  with a  weighted average interest rate  of 3.7% and a  weighted average 
term of 4.4 years; floating rate debt accounted for 30% of debt with a weighted average interest rate of 3.2% and a 
weighted average term of 4.0 years. 

84% of our debt is recourse solely to individual assets.  The fair value of the assets pledged is $17.6 billion, resulting 
in a modest LTV ratio of 48.9%.  We have $11 billion of unencumbered Class A assets in New York. 

Vornado remains committed to maintaining our investment grade rating. 

9  We exclude 220 Central Park South since it is for sale property and the debt related thereto will self liquidate from the proceeds of executed 

sales contracts. 

10  After the $470 million redemption in January 2018 of all the outstanding Series G and I preferred shares. 
11  Excluding the Real Estate Fund and 666 Fifth Avenue office. 

14

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15

Lease...Lease…Lease 

The  mission  of  our  business  is  to  create  value  for  shareholders  by  growing  our  asset  base  through  the  addition  of 
carefully  selected  properties  and  by  adding  value  through  intensive  and  efficient  management.    Our  operating 
platforms are where the rubber meets the road.  In our business, leasing is the main event.  In New York, theMART 
and 555 California Street, in 2017 we leased 2.6 million square feet. 

As is our practice, we present below leasing and occupancy statistics for our businesses. 

(SQUARE FEET IN THOUSANDS) 

New York 

Office 

Street 
Retail 

theMART 

555 
California St. 

2017 

Square feet leased 
Initial Rent 
GAAP Mark-to-Market 
Number of transactions 

2016 

Square feet leased 
Initial Rent 
GAAP Mark-to-Market 
Number of transactions 

2015 

Square feet leased 
Initial Rent 

GAAP Mark-to-Market 

Number of transactions 

Occupancy rate: 

2017 
2016 
2015 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2011 
2010 
2009 
2008  

1,867  
78.72  

12.8 % 
139  

2,241  
78.97 (12) 
19.7 % 
148  

2,276  

78.55  
22.8 % 
165  

97.1 % 
96.3 % 
96.3 % 
96.9 % 
96.6 % 
95.8 % 
96.2 % 
96.1 % 
95.5 % 
96.7 % 

126 

318.67 

26.5 % 
17 

111 

285.17 

23.4 % 
27 

91 

917.59 

99.6 % 
20 

96.9 % 
97.1 % 
96.2 % 
96.5 % 
97.4 % 
96.8 % 
95.6 % 
96.4 % 
(13)  
(13)  

345 

47.60  

26.0 % 
71 

270 
48.16  
25.5 % 
64 

766  
38.64  
25.3 % 
86 

98.6 % 
98.9 % 
98.6 % 
94.7 % 
96.4 % 
95.2 % 
90.3 % 
93.7 % 
94.0 % 
96.5 % 

285 

88.42  

24.2 % 
10 

151 

77.25  

23.6 % 
9 

98  
83.59  
32.4 % 
4 

94.2 % 
92.4 % 
93.3 % 
97.6 % 
94.5 % 
93.1 % 
93.1 % 
93.0 % 
94.8 % 
94.0 % 

We are full and achieving record high rents. 

It seems to me our industry is a little wrong-footed when it focuses on leasing numbers, the larger the better.  I, for 
one, focus on occupancy and starting rents.  I would be content to have  no leasing, if that meant we are full with 
leases for term with quality tenants at great rents and bumps. 

Business is good; David and Glen say so, the real estate community says so and most importantly the numbers say 
so. Cycles are a way of life, and right now, the market seems to be down on New York.  I can tell you we don’t see 
it.  Demand for office space in New York continues to be robust, coming from all manner of users in all submarkets. 

Year in and year out, our occupancy rate is in the high 90s.  That’s some performance.  Thanks to our all-star leasing 
captains: Glen Weiss and Ed Hogan.   Also thanks to the New York leasing  machine: Josh Glick, Jared Solomon, 
Andy  Ackerman,  Jared  Silverman,  Edward  Riguardi,  Kevin  West,  Ryan  Levy,  Lucy  Phillips  and  Jason Morrison.  
Paul Heinen is the all-star who runs leasing at theMART and 555 California Street.  And thanks to Myron, Toni and 
Byron for all they do at theMART. 

12  Excludes Long Island City; including Long Island City would be $72.56. 
13 

Included in New York Office. 

16

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leasing Highlights This Past Year Include

New York

Aetna at 61 Ninth Avenue –142,000 square feet;

Bryan Cave at 1290 Avenue of the Americas – 97,000 square feet;

Facebook at 770 Broadway – 79,000 square feet;

EMC at Two Penn – 72,000 square feet;

Equinox at One Park Avenue – 65,000 square feet;

Glencore at 330 Madison Avenue – 63,000 square feet;

Google at 85 Tenth Avenue – 59,000 square feet;

Victoria’s Secret at 666 Fifth Avenue – 56,000 square feet;

JP Morgan Chase at 1290 Avenue of the Americas – 30,000 square feet;

Sephora at 1535 Broadway – 16,000 square feet;

Levi’s at 1535 Broadway – 12,000 square feet;

theMART

555 California Street

Allstate – 57,000 square feet;

PayPal – 40,000 square feet;

Kirkland and Ellis – 152,000 square feet;

UBS AG – 55,000 square feet;

Steelcase – 40,000 square feet;

Lending Home – 46,000 square feet;

Baker Furniture – 18,000 square feet;

OFS Brands – 16,000 square feet;

Ripple Labs – 43,000 square feet;

Blue Shield – 28,000 square feet.

17

Penn Plaza (The Promised Land) 

We are the largest owner in the Penn Plaza District with  over 9 million square feet.  Penn Plaza’s time has come, the 
district being validated by the neighboring Hudson Yards and Manhattan West only a few blocks away.  Our assets sit 
literally  on  top  of  Penn  Station,  the  region’s  major  transportation  hub,  adjacent  to  Macy’s  and  Madison  Square 
Garden… you get the picture.  Here’s where we stand: 

  Last year a Vornado/Related venture was designated to redevelop the Farley Post Office/Moynihan Train Hall.  The 
eastern half of this grand building will be the Moynihan Train Hall, being constructed by Skanska; in the western 
half, we and Related will create the best-located and most exciting 730,000 square feet of creative office  space in 
town and 120,000 square feet of first class retail.  Construction is under way for 2020 delivery. 

  Plans are complete and construction will begin later this year to redevelop/transform One Penn Plaza. Here we will 
invest $200 million ($80 per square foot on this 2.5 million square foot building) with the goal of achieving a $20 or 
more per square foot uplift in rents.(14) 

  The Hotel Penn continues to be on the tipping point between a total renovation (so total that the building would be 
closed for more than two years) where, together with a local operator and a major hotel company (not presently in 
New  York),  we  would  create  a  giant  convention/entertainment  hotel…versus…a  teardown/rebuild.  We  have  a 
ULURP  approval  here  for  a  2.8 million  square  foot  financial  services  headquarters  building,  which  would  be 
addressed  15  Penn  Plaza.    As  we  transform  One  Penn  and  Two  Penn,  15  Penn  Plaza  will  stand  out  as  the  best 
available site in Manhattan.  Immediately west of 15 Penn Plaza is Penn Station and immediately east is the Herald 
Square subway hub, all of which will be connected underground. 

  Two Penn Plaza is a little complicated.  We have completed a great design for a redevelopment/transformation of 
this 1.6 million square foot building.  While requiring a greater investment than One Penn for expansion, facade and 
mechanical work etc., it would produce similar financial results.  Alternatively, we are investigating an even bolder 
plan, that being to raze the existing Two Penn building (in effect demolishing a building worth, say, $1.4 billion).  
This would allow us to incorporate the 5 million square feet of air rights which are trapped on the Madison Square 
Garden site (which we and MSG own jointly) thereby bringing back 6.6 million square feet (some of which may be 
sprinkled to adjacent sites).  The old Two Penn has a 60,000 square  foot footprint, the new would have a 120,000 
square  foot-plus  footprint  at  the  base,  perfect  for  our  creative  class  tenants.    There  would  be  towers  above  and  a 
significant retail component below sandwiched between the train station and the office base. 

There is an enormous public purpose to this bold plan. It would daylight the eastern half of Penn Station, permitting 
modernization and improvements to Penn Station, as great as the imagination can conceive…finally curing the ills 
and  creating  the  grand  transportation  hub  that  New  Yorkers  deserve.    The  station  improvements  would  be  self-
financed  by  a  PILOT  from  the  incremental  taxes  the  new  buildings  in  this  district  would  generate.    As  you  can 
imagine, we would require some help in the form of a tax holiday.(15) 

  Over time, our grand plan includes developing three to five new builds on sites we own in Penn Plaza. Imagine the 
NEW New York along the  34th Street corridor from VornadoLand (Macy’s, Penn Station, MSG)  to Moynihan to 
Manhattan West and to Hudson Yards. 

All this will take time but will be enormously rewarding to the patient investor. 

The Penn Plaza District is the Promised Land.   Even now, we are always full in Penn Plaza and even now, rents are 
rising smartly.  Starting rents in One Penn are $69 per square foot and in Two Penn $63 per square foot.  Just imagine 
the future.  We were the early movers in Penn Plaza when it was the low-rent district.  Our basis here is $200 per square 
foot versus…you pick the current value number. 

14  Leases at One Penn Plaza have an average term of 5.4 years. 
15  All this is Penn Station 2.0. Back ten years ago was Penn Station 1.0 where we, Related and Madison Square Garden pursued another bold 
plan, to relocate MSG to the  western half of  Farley. The three private sector partners committed in writing and the ball was in the public 
sector court, so to speak. After years of trying, we pulled the plug as it became clear that this dream wasn’t going to happen. Looking back, 
everyone, the press, the civics, elected officials all had remorse over this unique, missed opportunity. 

18

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19

What’s Going On With Retail (And It’s Not The Weather) 

Disruption in retail is the topic du jour, the eye of the storm so to speak (both retail tenants’ and retail landlords’ stocks 
continue to be battered).  Please see my last year’s letter at page 15 for a full blown discussion of my thoughts on retail 
which can be viewed at www.vno.com. 

We own the best-in-class 71-property, 2.7 million square foot flagship street retail business in Manhattan, concentrated 
on the best high streets – Fifth Avenue, Times Square, Madison Avenue, Penn Plaza, Union Square and Soho.  This is a 
growing business: 

($ IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PROPERTIES) 
2017 
2016 
2015 
2014 
2013 
2012 

  Here is our 2017 retail math by submarket: 

($ IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT %) 

Fifth Avenue 
Times Square 
Madison Avenue 
Penn Plaza 
Union Square 
SoHo 
Other 
Total 

Number of 
Properties 
71 
70 
65 
57 
54 
47 

% 
36.5 
16.7 
7.9 
19.6 
4.7 
4.2 
10.4 
100.0 

GAAP 
NOI 
359.9 
365.0 
341.7 
263.4 
231.6 
177.8 

Cash 
NOI 
118.5 
54.0 
25.5 
63.4 
15.4 
13.6 
33.9 
324.3 

20

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
More than half our retail income comes from Upper Fifth Avenue and Times Square.  We are 100% leased here for term 
with great tenants.(16)  Here are the lease expirations: 

Upper Fifth Avenue 

Tenant 
Zara 
MAC Cosmetics 
Hollister 
Uniqlo 
Tissot 
Dyson 
Ferragamo 
Swatch 
Harry Winston 
Victoria's Secret 

Year of 
Expiration 
2019 
2024 
2024 
2026 
2026 
2027 
2028 
2031(17) 
2031 
2032 

Times Square 

Tenant 
US Polo 
Sunglass Hut 
Planet Hollywood 
MAC Cosmetics 
T-Mobile 
Disney 
Invicta 
Sephora 
Swatch 
Levi’s 
Forever 21 
Nederlander Theater 

Year of 
Expiration 
2023 
2023 
2023 
2025 
2025 
2026 
2029 
2029 
2030 
2030(18) 
2031 
2050 

About half the retail income of Penn Plaza comes from anchors  JCPenney, Kmart and Old Navy;  the balance from  81 
different tenants, many of whom we keep on relatively short leases to facilitate development.  

For the complete lease expiration schedule, please see page 28 of our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which can be 
viewed at www.vno.com. 

2017 cash NOI for our street retail business  was $324.3 million.  On our last earnings call we indicated that our 2018 
cash NOI would be close to $309 million which we expect to be the floor.  Annual rent steps in our retail portfolio are 
over $8 million per year. If business is as usual, and we were to keep the portfolio at stable occupancy, in the mid-90s %, 
this same-store portfolio would achieve about $380 million of cash NOI by 2021.  The following charts reconcile 2017 
and 2018 guidance: 

(IN MILLIONS) 
Last year’s Chairman's letter guidance for 2017 Cash NOI 
Less reallocation of real estate taxes between retail and office  
Adjusted 2017 Cash NOI projection 
Outperformance 
Actual 2017 Cash NOI 

  $ 

  $ 

330.0  
(16.2)  
313.8 
10.5  
324.3  

Last year’s Chairman’s letter future “not less than” guidance 
Less reallocation of real estate taxes between retail and office  
2018 guidance in fourth quarter earnings conference call 
Retail space converted to office use  
Adjusted 2018 Cash NOI “not less than” guidance 

325.0 
(16.2)  
308.8 
(4.8)  (19) 
304.0  

  $ 

16  David says that the Victoria’s Secret and Swatch leases alone are equivalent in value to a million square foot office tower. 
17  Tenant has the right to cancel in 2023. 
18  Tenant has the right to cancel in 2024. 
19 

In the first quarter we recaptured 80,000 square feet of retail space at 770 Broadway that was leased to Kmart and converted it to office space 
leased to  Facebook.  Several other small reductions of retail space are in process.   These items  which total approximately $4.8 million per 
annum will decrease Retail NOI with an offsetting increase to Office NOI. 

21

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Some Thoughts, 2017 Version 

I say again that the easy money has been made for this cycle; asset prices are high, well past the 2007 peak; it’s a 
better time to sell than to invest; and now is the time in the cycle when the smart guys build cash for opportunities 
that will undoubtedly present themselves in the future. 

New York City Is Our Home…New York City Is The Center Of The Universe 

New York City continues to be THE magnet for talent. 

New York is the gateway city with the strongest projected population growth. 

New  York  has  a  huge,  healthy,  diversified  employment  base.  In  1990,  1  in  2  New  York  City  jobs  were  in  the 
financial services industry – today the ratio is 1 in 4. New York is the second largest tech center outside of Silicon 
Valley.  New York has a growing footprint of healthcare systems and an emerging life sciences industry. 
New York continues to be the financial center of the world…and the financial sector is resurging. 

New York is the bullseye for global investors…and for domestic investors…and for its giant corporate citizens (a la 
recent deals by JPMorgan and Google, etc.). 

Park Avenue 

Ten years ago on a  trip to London (a city as dense as New  York),  I  was  surprised to see tower cranes all over. I 
learned that in London they give density bonuses as incentives to tear down and rebuild buildings that are over 25 
years  old,(20)  thereby  insuring  a  refreshed,  state-of-the-art,  competitive  stock  of  office  buildings.  In  my  letters  of 
2009(21) and 2010, I suggested that we in New York should do the same.  While I take little credit for this, Amanda 
Burden, then City Planning Chair, and super broker Mary Ann Tighe, then REBNY President, initiated a midtown 
up-zoning project to accomplish these objectives.  This was ably shaped and pushed over the finish line by Alicia 
Glen, our current Deputy Mayor for Economic Development.  Kudos to them. 

JPMorgan  Chase  made  big  news  last  month  when  they  announced  they  would  tear  down  their  1.5  million  square 
foot  headquarters  at  270  Park  Avenue,  temporarily  relocate  their  employees  and  build  back  a  state-of-the-art  2.5 
million square foot headquarters. They are the first to execute under the new zoning; kudos to Jamie Dimon and his 
team. This is a bold, big deal and  will  go a long  way to  cement  the status of  Park  Avenue as the  most important 
commercial boulevard. 

We, together with partner SLG, own the neighboring 280 Park Avenue. We own 350 Park Avenue, three blocks up, 
which we consider to be the best candidate on Park Avenue to next take advantage of the new zoning incentives. 

666 Fifth Avenue 

I have telegraphed our intention to exit the 666 Fifth Avenue office partnership. I believe we now have a handshake 
to  sell  our  interest  to  our  partner  at  a  price  which  will  repay  our  investment  plus  a  mezzanine  type  return.    The 
existing  loan  will  be  repaid  including  payment  to  us  of  the  portion  of  the  debt  that  we  hold.    Since  we  deducted 
losses along the way there will be a special capital gain dividend requirement which will be offset by a portion of the 
Toys “R” Us loss. While not the outcome we expected going in, it’s now the appropriate outcome for us and for our 
partner.  This situation continues to be fluid - there can be no assurance that a final agreement will be reached or that 
a transaction will close.  We will, of course, continue to own the 666 Fifth Avenue retail. 

220 Central Park South continues its record setting success.  

20  In New York, 30-year old buildings are landmark eligible. 
21  Here is the quote from 2009: 

“Park Avenue, the major corporate corridor of New York, comprises about 40 million square feet from Grand Central to 59th Street 
and buildings there are on average about 45 years old (which is about the average age of the entire New York office stock).  So here’s 
an idea for powers that be.  To keep regenerating New York, why not upzone Park Avenue as an economic incentive to tear down old 
buildings  and  replace  them  with  new-builds  which  may  be,  say,  half  again  the  size.    They  do  this  in  London,  quite  successfully. 
(Park Avenue is one example.)” 

22

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kmarts In Manhattan 

Vornado  owns  the  only  two  Kmarts  in  Manhattan,  both  at  the  bottom  of  our  office  buildings  (82,000  square  feet 
remaining at 770 Broadway and 141,000 square feet at One Penn Plaza).  Both have term and options for 18 years 
and  under-market  rents  of  $33.50  per  square  foot.  In  February,  we  made  our  first  deal  with  Sears/Kmart,  buying 
back a floor at 770 Broadway for Facebook.  There should be more to come. 

CFO Search 

I may have jumped the gun on the CFO search. About a year ago, we dispatched Steve Theriot, our sitting CFO, to 
JBG SMITH, where his skills were badly needed and he has been very effective.  Here at Vornado, our cup runneth 
over  with  financial  talent:    Joe  Macnow,  my  CFO  for  35  years,  a  little  older  but  wiser  and  still  the  best  in  the 
business; Matt Iocco, our Chief Accounting Officer who runs Paramus; and Tom Sanelli, who runs the numbers for 
our operating business. We are/were looking for four skills in a CFO candidate: 

  Technical and financial competency 
  Capital markets expertise 
  Communication skills, the ability to tell our story 
  Strategic thinking, even transformational ability 

We saw quite a few qualified candidates (a number of whom I really liked), but we hit the pause button for three 
reasons: 

  There were and continue to be other things going on that would preempt a new hire 
  We haven’t yet been able to find that transformational candidate 
  Maybe  Joe  and  I  should  go  out  at  the  same  time,  thereby  giving  my  successor  the  right  to 

choose Joe’s successor 

All this will play out and have a happy ending in due time. 

Buybacks 

Buying back one’s discounted stock seems to be an attractive proposition. We’ve done it before, in large scale, but 
that was way back in the dark ages.  I must say we are tempted to do it now. Our hesitancy is that buybacks work 
best when financed out of recurring retained earnings. Since we dividend to shareholders all of our earnings, that is 
not us. So a buyback for us would be financed either by selling assets or  running down our balance sheet.  For us, 
selling assets would almost certainly result in a capital gain dividend requirement(22) rather than a source of cash to 
do a buyback.  What’s more, we seem to be late in the cycle; real estate stocks are declining, signaling danger ahead; 
interest rates are rising, signaling danger ahead. This is exactly  the point in the cycle  where  we  want to  maintain 
maximum liquidity.  For us, the math is that a billion dollar buyback would increase our NAV by about $1.50 per 
share;(23) for the moment, we’d rather have the billion dollars. Lastly, buybacks whose purpose is to prop up one’s 
stock price, sort of like putting your finger in the dike, never, ever work. Notwithstanding all of the above, buybacks 
are a recurring topic at our board meetings and we may execute using proceeds from the billion dollars of assets  we 
now have on our for-sale list. 

Guidance 

We are long-term investors and are an NAV-based management team. Nonetheless, many folks judge us more on 
quarter-to-quarter  earnings  which,  while  certainly  important,  are,  we  believe  a  second-best  metric.    The  issue  of 
guidance seems to be coming up more and more.  53% of the Fortune 100 give guidance, 47% do  not. In our real 
estate industry, in the large cap REITS, 80% give guidance, 20% do not. We are one of the do-nots and have not for 
38  years.(24)    Within  FD  guidelines,  we  do,  of  course,  work  with  our  analysts  and  do  pre-announce  unexpected, 
unusual earnings items.  Who knows, maybe my successor and Joe’s successor will be in the guidance camp. 

22  Virtually every one of our assets has large embedded profits/tax gains. 
23  By comparison, we expect $200 million invested in One Penn to increase NAV by  about $4.00 per share versus a $200 million buyback 

which would create $0.30 of NAV. 

24  I’m sorry, but I personally am turned off by the beat-by-a-penny, raise-by-a-penny culture.   

17 

23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax Protection 

Between  1997  and  2005,  we  issued  35  million  Operating  Partnership  Units  (at  a  weighted  average  of  $35.60  per 
share) to acquire assets, all of which involved tax protection for the benefit of the seller.  (We have not issued shares 
since 2009 and will do so in the future only on the rarest of occasions.)  Most of that tax protection has run off.  We 
currently have tax indemnity amounting to $222 million, (down from $1.8 billion at the highpoint), $122 million of 
which will run off by 2022; the remaining $100 million relates to the PREIT stock and is tied to the lifetime of a 94-
year old individual. 

Toys 

In  2014,  we  wrote  down  to  zero  our  interest  in  Toys  “R”  Us.  Toys  is  now  in  liquidation.    We  have  no  financial 
obligations with respect to Toys.  We will benefit in the future from a $420 million capital loss deduction from this 
failed investment. 

Repeal The New York State Estate Tax 

I have frequently been asked to predict the effect of the elimination of deductibility of state and local taxes (SALT) 
on  New  York  real  estate.    My  answer  is  not  that  much.  As  long  as  the  employers  stay,  so  will  the  employees, 
especially in mid-career, high-paying positions.  There is one vulnerability I would like to point out. In New York 
State, the top 2% pay a full 50% of personal income taxes - so it is critical that  they remain tax-paying residents.  
The vulnerability comes with the 1%-ers, who are at the end of their careers.  Most of the folks I know are willing to 
pay higher income taxes for the privilege of living in New York, but hate the prospect of a 16% toll for the privilege 
of dying in New York. New York State’s estate tax brings in only about 1/150th of the state’s annual budget. The 
estate tax should be repealed.  Keeping our highest taxpayers through the end of their lives is both good economic 
policy and  good politics.  By the  way,  high-tax California  has  no estate tax and  high-tax New Jersey repealed  its 
estate tax last year. 

Our  iconic  3.7  million  square  foot  Chicago  Mart  continues  to  go  from  strength  to  strength.    David  and  Myron, 
working  with  Chicago  City  government,  have  just  completed  arrangements  for  a  lighting  installation  that  will 
project images of public art across the nearly three acres of the theMART’s southern facing facade. This will be the 
largest  projection  installation  of  its  kind  in  the  world.    We  believe  this  unique  public  art  installation  will  have 
enormous  impact.    It  will  become  a  must-see  Chicago  landmark,  maybe  even  become  world  renowned  and  will 
enhance the franchise value of this great building. 

After 59 years, the legendary Four Seasons Restaurant is moving across the street to our 280 Park Avenue.  Alex 
and Julian will be at their normal posts.  Last week, I toured the construction site again and the space and finishes 
designed  by  Brazilian  architect,  Isay  Weinfeld,  will  be  extraordinary.    The  restaurant  is  scheduled  to  open  in  the 
summer. Please call if you need help getting reservations. 

24

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Some Accounting Updates 

The Washington, DC segment has been accounted for as a Discontinued Operation for all periods presented. 

Beginning in 2017 the Real Estate Fund, which is in wind down, was treated as noncomparable. 

Because we intend to sell our interest in the 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium, we have reclassified this building 
from New York to Other, excluded it from our leasing metrics and treated it as noncomparable in all periods presented. 

Beginning in 2017, for office buildings with retail at the base, we adjusted the allocation of real estate taxes as between 
the office and retail portions of each building.  This had no effect on our consolidated financial statements, but resulted 
in a reallocation of slightly more than $16 million of income from retail to office. 

Corporate Governance 

Subject  to  shareholder  approval  at  our  Annual  Meeting  in  May,  we  have  taken  action  to  permit  our  shareholders  to 
amend  our  Bylaws.    By  2019,  the  Board  will  be  completely  de-staggered.    We  have  also  enhanced  the  corporate 
governance,  sustainability  and  executive  compensation  disclosures  in  our  proxy  statement.    For  a  complete  summary, 
please refer to our proxy statement which can be viewed at www.vno.com-proxy and governance section on our website 
at www.vno.com-governance. 

19 

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sustainability 

Vornado  continues  to  lead  the  industry  in  sustainability  –  it’s  important  to  our  tenants  and  investors,  and  it  is 
important  to  us.  From  energy  conservation,  to  healthy  indoor  environments,  to  sustainable  new  construction,  we 
continuously improve our programs each year. 

A  portfolio  of  our  size  carries  a  big  responsibility  to  manage  energy,  and  we  work  hard  to  monitor,  control,  and 
reduce our consumption. Our energy efficiency capital projects continue to save energy and modernize our existing 
buildings. We are an active participant in demand response and contribute significantly to reducing electricity grid 
constraints.  

We own and operate an industry-leading 21 million square  feet of LEED-certified buildings, with over 17 million 
square feet at LEED Gold. We are committed to LEED certifying our entire in-service office portfolio by 2020, and 
we are already 71% toward that goal. 

We recognize climate change as a material issue to our business, due to the risks it may present to our properties. 
We  assess  opportunities  in  resilience  to  fortify  our  properties  against  these  risks,  while  mitigating  our  own 
contribution to climate change through reduction of our carbon footprint. In 2016, we set goals to reduce landlord-
controlled carbon emissions 40% by 2026, below a 2009 base year. To stand by this commitment, we have enrolled 
our  New  York  portfolio  in  the  NYC  Carbon  Challenge  for  Commercial  Landlords  and  Tenants.  We  are  happy  to 
report that as of 2017 we are over 20% toward this goal, and have a strategic plan in place to achieve our goal ahead 
of schedule.  

Our tenants spend the majority of their week working in our buildings, and we uphold our responsibility to provide a 
healthy indoor environment for them. We are focused on delivering healthy air and healthy water, and our cleaning 
company leads the industry in least-toxic cleaning policies. In 2017, we partnered with Bloomberg on achieving our 
first Fitwel 3-star certification at 731 Lexington Avenue, symbolic of our commitment to fostering a healthy, active 
workplace for our tenants.  We lead a robust tenant engagement program that in 2017 included the continuation  of 
our tenant roundtable series, which was attended by participants from over 5 million square feet of our tenant base. 

We have also incorporated sustainable design into our new buildings. Our pipeline of new office buildings will be 
among the greenest in the industry. Our vision for Penn Plaza expands our focus from the asset to the neighborhood, 
and we plan to apply our principles in sustainability to help transform Penn Plaza at large.  

Our programs deliver results: in 2017, we reduced our energy consumption by nearly 10,000 megawatt hours and 
recycled  and  composted  over  9,200  tons  of  waste,  amounting  to  a  diversion  rate  of  53%.  We  were  awarded 
NAREIT’s Leader in the Light Award (8th year in a row), we achieved ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year with 
Sustained  Excellence  (3rd  time  with  this  distinction),  and  we  earned  the  Global  Real  Estate  Sustainability 
Benchmark  (GRESB)  Green  Star  ranking  (5th  year  in  a  row).    In  2017,  we  were  honored  with  the  distinction  as 
Sector Leader among North American office and retail diversified REITs.  

Finally,  we extend our commitment to benefit the communities that  surround  us.  As a corporate  citizen, Vornado 
upholds  its  commitment  to  give  back  by  encouraging  all  of  our  employees  to  volunteer.  As  a  landlord,  Vornado 
recognizes its role as a community steward. Through Vornado Volunteers, our employees give back to communities 
through  participation  in  causes  that  support  vulnerable  populations,  protect  and  improve  the  environment,  and 
promote a healthy lifestyle.  

For more detail on our 2017 sustainability efforts, including our Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Index, please see 
our sustainability report at www.vno.com. 

SUSTAINABILITY

2017

26

20 

SM

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27

We  continually  broaden  our  leadership  team  through  promotions  from  within  our  Company.    Please  join  me  in 
congratulating this year’s class; they deserve it. 

Fred Grapstein was promoted to Executive Vice President, Hotel Pennsylvania and 

Senior Vice President, Vornado Realty Trust; 

Gary Hansen was promoted to Senior Vice President and Controller, Alexander’s; 
Jared Silverman was promoted to Vice President, Office Leasing; 
Darren Chan was promoted to Vice President, Acquisitions and Capital Markets; 
Blaise Lucas was promoted to Vice President and Assistant Controller, Alexander’s; and 
Deirdre Maddock was promoted to Vice President, Corporate Investments. 

Welcome  to  Sangjoon  Hahm,  VP,  Design  and  Construction;  Sara  O’Toole,  VP,  Leasing  Counsel  and  Rudy 
Tauscher, General Manager, 220 Central Park South. 

Year after year, I am fortunate to work every day, with the gold medal team.  Our operating platform heads are the 
best in the business.  Thanks again to my partners David Greenbaum, Michael Franco and Joe Macnow. 

We are fortunate to have in our Operating and Finance Divisions a group of super leaders, our exceptional Division 
Executive  Vice  Presidents.    They  deserve  special  recognition  and  our  thanks:    Glen  Weiss,  Leasing  –  New  York 
Office; Barry Langer, Development – New York; Ed Hogan, Leasing – New York Retail; Michael Doherty – BMS; 
Robert Entin,  Chief  Information  Officer;  Fred  Grapstein,  Hotel  Pennsylvania;  Mark Hudspeth,  Capital  Markets; 
Matthew Iocco, Chief Accounting Officer; Brian Kurtz, Financial Administration; Myron Maurer, Chief Operating 
Officer  –  theMART;  Tom  Sanelli,  Chief  Financial  Officer –  New York;  Gaston  Silva,  Chief Operating  Officer  – 
New York; and Craig Stern, Tax & Compliance. 

Thank  you  as  well  to  our  very  talented  and  hardworking  27  Senior  Vice Presidents  and  68  Vice  Presidents  who 
make the trains run on time, every day. 

Our Vornado Family has grown with 11 marriages and 16 births this year, 6 girls and 10 boys, but who’s counting? 

Many thanks to Joe Macnow and LouAnn Bell who have been helping me with my letter forever and special thanks 
to Lisa Vogel. 

On behalf of Vornado’s Board, senior management and 3,989 associates, we thank our shareholders, analysts and 
other stakeholders for their continued support. 

One  Last  Thing  -  I  have  run  Vornado  since  1980…that’s  a  long  time.  A  lot  has  happened  since  then.  In  the 
beginning, the equity value of Vornado was $35 million; today it is over $19 billion at NAV, plus almost $7 billion 
of equity distributed to shareholders in the two recent spin-offs, plus $8.7 billion in dividends paid along the way 
(about an 18% IRR on a per share basis over 38 years).  I am unbelievably indebted to my partners and colleagues 
over  these  38  years,  who  have  contributed  full  measure  to  our  success  and  to  my  happiness.    BTW,  I  feel 
fine…thanks for asking. 

Steven Roth 
Chairman and CEO 

April 2, 2018 

Again  this  year,  I  offer  to  assist  shareholders  with  tickets  to  my  wife’s  Tony  award-winning  Best  Musical  Kinky 
Boots, now in its fifth year.  And to my son’s productions of Angels in America, The Book of Mormon, Frozen and 
Mean Girls.  Please call if I can be of help. 

We are so proud of Rebecca, who will be attending YALE in September.  And little two-year-old Levi, who is even 
now building tall buildings. 

28

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29

30

-- 

6.0 

Below is a reconciliation of Net Income to NOI, as adjusted: 
($ IN MILLIONS) 

2017 

2016 

2015 

2014 

2013 

2012 

2011 

2010 

2009 

2008 

Net Income 

264.1 

982.0 

859.4 

1,009.0 

564.7 

694.5 

740.0 

708.0 

128.5 

411.4 

Our share of (income) loss from partially owned entities 

(15.2) 

(168.9) 

9.9 

58.5 

336.3 

(428.9) 

(125.5) 

(85.6) 

(67.2) 

167.8 

Our share of (income) loss from real estate fund  

(3.2) 

23.6 

(74.1) 

(163.0) 

(102.9) 

(63.9) 

(22.9) 

-- 

-- 

Interest and other investment income, net 

(37.8) 

(29.6) 

(27.2) 

Net gains on disposition of assets 

(.5) 

(160.4) 

(149.4) 

(38.6) 

(13.6) 

20.8 

(2.0) 

252.7 

(156.6) 

(234.6) 

117.3 

(4.9) 

(10.9) 

(15.9) 

21.0 

(17.6) 

Loss (income) from discontinued operations 

13.2 

(404.9) 

(223.5) 

(686.9) 

(666.8) 

(378.1) 

(394.4) 

(351.6) 

(280.7) 

(640.6) 

NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests  

(65.3) 

(66.2) 

(64.9) 

(55.0) 

(58.6) 

(45.3) 

(47.9) 

(47.8) 

(44.9) 

(47.1) 

Depreciation, amortization expense and income taxes 

General and Administrative expense 

Acquisition and transaction related costs 

Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

Interest and debt expense 

NOI 

470.4 

159.0 

1.8 

269.2 

345.6 

428.2 

149.6 

9.4 

271.1 

330.2 

294.8 

149.3 

12.5 

245.8 

309.3 

360.7 

342.5 

141.9 

150.3 

18.4 

24.9 

207.7 

175.1 

337.4 

323.5 

1,401.3 

1,364.1 

1,341.9 

1,176.5  1,107.8 

304.5 

140.5 

17.4 

152.1 

315.7 

956.3 

309.2 

137.5 

34.9 

132.2 

338.0 

933.6 

301.3 

298.9 

145.7 

166.7 

38.6 

44.1 

100.8 

101.6 

348.9 

396.3 

907.8 

881.6 

314.3 

131.3 

80.9 

76.7 

402.8 

885.9 

Certain items that impact NOI 

(20.6) 

(28.1) 

(62.8) 

(38.7) 

(34.1) 

(23.9) 

(8.8) 

(8.0) 

(18.6) 

(12.8) 

NOI, as adjusted 

1,380.7 

1,336.0 

1,279.1 

1,137.8  1,073.7 

932.4 

924.8 

899.8 

863.1 

873.1 

Below is a reconciliation of Net Income to FFO: 
($ IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS) 

Net Income 
Preferred share dividends 
Net Income applicable to common shares 
Depreciation and amortization of real property 
Net gains on sale of real estate 
Real estate impairment losses 
Partially-owned entities adjustments: 
Depreciation of real property 
Net gains on sale of real estate 
Income tax effect of adjustments 
Real estate impairment losses 

Noncontrolling interests’ share adjustments 
Interest on exchangeable senior debentures 
Preferred share dividends 

Funds From Operations 

Funds From Operations per share 

2017 

227.4 

2016 

2015 

2014 

2013 

2012 

2011 

2010 

2009 

2008 

906.9 

760.4 

864.9 

476.0 

617.3 

662.3 

647.9 

106.2 

359.3 

(65.4) 

(83.3) 

(80.6) 

(81.5) 

(84.0) 

(67.9) 

(60.5) 

(51.2) 

(57.1) 

(57.1) 

162.0 

468.0 

823.6 

531.6 

679.8 

514.1 

783.4 

392.0 

517.5 

501.8 

549.4 

504.4 

601.8 

530.1 

596.7 

505.8 

49.1 

508.6 

302.2 

509.4 

(3.5) 

(177.0) 

(289.1) 

(507.2)  (411.6) 

(245.8) 

(51.6) 

(57.2) 

(45.3) 

(57.5) 

-- 

160.7 

0.3 

26.5 

37.1 

130.0 

28.8 

97.5 

23.2 

-- 

137.0 

154.8 

144.0 

117.8 

157.3 

154.7 

170.9 

148.3 

140.6 

115.9 

(17.8) 

(2.9) 

(4.5) 

(11.6) 

(0.5) 

(241.6) 

(9.8) 

(5.8) 

(1.4) 

(9.5) 

7.7 

-- 

6.3 

-- 

16.8 

-- 

-- 

(26.7) 

(27.5) 

(24.6) 

(24.6) 

(22.9) 

(23.2) 

(7.3) 

6.6 

11.6 

-- 

11.5 

-- 

-- 

(36.7) 

(41.1) 

(22.4) 

(8.0) 

(15.1) 

(16.6) 

(41.0) 

(46.8) 

(47.0) 

(49.7) 

-- 

1.1 

-- 

1.6 

-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 

-- 

0.1 

-- 

-- 

26.1 

0.3 

25.9 

0.2 

-- 

0.2 

25.3 

0.2 

717.8 

1,457.6 

1,039.0 

911.1 

641.0 

818.6 

1,231.0 

1,251.5 

605.1 

813.1 

3.75 

7.66 

5.48   

4.83 

3.41 

4.39 

    6.42 

6.59 

  3.49 

4.97 

Below is a reconciliation of Net Income to Net Income, as Adjusted:   
($ IN MILLIONS) 

Net Income applicable to common shares 
Washington, DC 
Real Estate Fund 
Certain other items that impact net income 
Net income, as Adjusted 

2017   
162.0   
20.9   
10.8   
57.2   
250.9   

Below is a reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA, as Adjusted  

($ IN MILLIONS) 

Net income 
Interest and debt expense 

Depreciation and amortization 
Income tax expense 
EBITDA 
Adjustments(25) 
EBITDA, as adjusted 

2017   
238.3   
468.6   

612.3   
43.0   
1,362.2   

(106.2)   

1,256.0   

2016   
823.6 
(70.6)   
21.0 
(544.8)   
229.2 

Below is a reconciliation of Total Assets to Total Assets, as Adjusted: 

($ IN MILLIONS) 

Total Assets 
Adjustments: 

Assets related to discontinued operations 
666 Fifth Avenue Office 
Real Estate Fund 

Cash available to repay revolving credit facilities 
Accumulated depreciation 

Total Assets, as Adjusted  

2017   
17,397.9   

2016   
20,814.8   

(1.3)  
(37.1)  
(354.8)  

--   
2,885.2   
19,889.9   

(3,568.6)  
(53.3)  
(462.1)  

(115.6)  
2,581.5   
19,196.7   

Below is a reconciliation of Revenues to Revenues, as Adjusted: 

($ IN MILLIONS) 

Revenues 
Assets related to sold properties 
Revenues, as Adjusted 

2017   
2,084.1   
--   
2,084.1   

2016 

2,003.7   
(9.9)  
1,993.8   

(25)  Includes income from the Washington DC business, the Real Estate Fund, gains on sale of real estate, impairment losses and other adjustments. 

31

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ý

¨

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended:

December 31, 2017

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from

to

Commission File Number:
Commission File Number:

001‑11954 (Vornado Realty Trust)
001‑34482 (Vornado Realty L.P.)

Vornado Realty Trust
Vornado Realty L.P.
(Exact name of registrants as specified in its charter)

Vornado Realty Trust

Vornado Realty L.P.

Maryland
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

22-1657560
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

13-3925979

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

888 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York, 10019
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(212) 894-7000
(Registrants’ telephone number, including area code)

N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Registrant
Vornado Realty Trust

Vornado Realty Trust
Vornado Realty Trust
Vornado Realty Trust
Vornado Realty Trust
Vornado Realty Trust

Title of Each Class
Common Shares of beneficial interest,
$.04 par value per share
Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares
of beneficial interest, no par value:
6.625% Series G
6.625% Series I
5.70% Series K
5.40% Series L
5.25% Series M

Name of Exchange on Which Registered
New York Stock Exchange

New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Registrant
Vornado Realty L.P.

Title of Each Class
Class A Units of Limited Partnership Interest

  
       
 
 
       
  
 
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Vornado Realty Trust: YES  ý      NO  ¨   Vornado Realty L.P.: YES  ¨      NO  ý

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Vornado Realty Trust: YES  ¨      NO  ý   Vornado Realty L.P.: YES  ¨      NO  ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports),
and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Vornado Realty Trust: YES  ý      NO  ¨   Vornado Realty L.P.: YES  ý      NO  ¨ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive
Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12
months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  

Vornado Realty Trust: YES  ý      NO  ¨   Vornado Realty L.P.: YES  ý      NO  ¨ 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S‑K is not contained herein, and will not be
contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10‑K or any amendment to this Form 10‑K. ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller
reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “non-accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting
company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Vornado Realty Trust:

ý Large Accelerated Filer
¨ Non-Accelerated Filer (Do not check if smaller reporting company)

Vornado Realty L.P.:

¨ Large Accelerated Filer
ý Non-Accelerated Filer (Do not check if smaller reporting company)

¨ Accelerated Filer
¨ Smaller Reporting Company
¨ Emerging Growth Company

¨ Accelerated Filer
¨ Smaller Reporting Company
¨ Emerging Growth Company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Vornado Realty Trust: YES  ¨      NO  ý   Vornado Realty L.P.: YES  ¨      NO  ý

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common shares held by non-affiliates of Vornado Realty Trust, i.e. by persons
other than officers and trustees of Vornado Realty Trust, was $16,284,558,000 at June 30, 2017. 

As of December 31, 2017, there were 189,983,858 common shares of beneficial interest outstanding of Vornado Realty Trust.

There is no public market for the Class A units of limited partnership interest of Vornado Realty L.P.  Based on the June 30, 2017 closing
share price of Vornado Realty Trust’s common shares, which are issuable upon redemption of the Class A units, the aggregate market
value of the Class A units held by non-affiliates of Vornado Realty L.P., i.e. by persons other than Vornado Realty Trust and its officers
and trustees, was $897,361,000 at June 30, 2017.  

Part III:  Portions of Proxy Statement for Annual Meeting of Vornado Realty Trust’s Shareholders to be held on May 17, 2018.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 of Vornado Realty Trust and
Vornado Realty L.P.  Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Vornado” refer to Vornado Realty Trust,
a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and references to the “Operating Partnership” refer to Vornado Realty L.P., a Delaware
limited partnership. References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean, collectively, Vornado, the Operating Partnership and those
entities/subsidiaries consolidated by Vornado.

The Operating Partnership is the entity through which we conduct substantially all of our business and own, either directly or through
subsidiaries, substantially all of our assets. Vornado is the sole general partner and also a 93.5% limited partner of the Operating Partnership.
As  the  sole  general  partner  of  the  Operating  Partnership,  Vornado  has  exclusive  control  of  the  Operating  Partnership’s  day-to-day
management.

Under the limited partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership, unitholders may present their Class A units for redemption at
any time (subject to restrictions agreed upon at the time of issuance of the units that may restrict such right for a period of time). Class
A units may be tendered for redemption to the Operating Partnership for cash; Vornado, at its option, may assume that obligation and
pay the holder either cash or Vornado common shares on a one-for-one basis.  Because the number of Vornado common shares outstanding
at all times equals the number of Class A units owned by Vornado, the redemption value of each Class A unit is equivalent to the market
value of one Vornado common share, and the quarterly distribution to a Class A unitholder is equal to the quarterly dividend paid to a
Vornado common shareholder.  This one-for-one exchange ratio is subject to specified adjustments to prevent dilution. Vornado generally
expects that it will elect to issue its common shares in connection with each such presentation for redemption rather than having the
Operating Partnership pay cash. With each such exchange or redemption, Vornado’s percentage ownership in the Operating Partnership
will increase. In addition, whenever Vornado issues common shares other than to acquire Class A units of the Operating Partnership,
Vornado must contribute any net proceeds it receives to the Operating Partnership and the Operating Partnership must issue to Vornado
an equivalent number of Class A units of the Operating Partnership. This structure is commonly referred to as an umbrella partnership
REIT, or UPREIT.

The Company believes that combining the Annual Reports on Form 10-K of Vornado and the Operating Partnership into this single

report provides the following benefits:

•

•

•

enhances investors’ understanding of Vornado and the Operating Partnership by enabling investors to view the business
as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;

eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined and readable presentation because a substantial portion
of the disclosure applies to both Vornado and the Operating Partnership; and

creates time and cost efficiencies in the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.

The Company believes it is important to understand the few differences between Vornado and the Operating Partnership in the context
of how Vornado and the Operating Partnership operate as a consolidated company. The financial results of the Operating Partnership are
consolidated into the financial statements of Vornado. Vornado does not have any other significant assets, liabilities or operations, other
than its investment in the Operating Partnership.  The Operating Partnership, not Vornado, generally executes all significant business
relationships other than transactions involving the securities of Vornado. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all of the assets
of Vornado. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded
equity. Except for the net proceeds from equity offerings by Vornado, which are contributed to the capital of the Operating Partnership
in exchange for Class A units of partnership in the Operating Partnership, as applicable, the Operating Partnership generates all remaining
capital required by the Company’s business. These capital sources may include working capital, net cash provided by operating activities,
borrowings under the revolving credit facility, the issuance of secured and unsecured debt and equity securities and proceeds received
from the disposition of certain properties.

 
 
  
 
 
To help investors better understand the key differences between Vornado and the Operating Partnership, certain information for

Vornado and the Operating Partnership in this report has been separated, as set forth below:

•

•

•

•

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities;

Item 6. Selected Financial Data;

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations includes information
specific to each entity, where applicable; and

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data which includes the following specific disclosures for Vornado
Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.:

•
•
•
•
•

Note 9. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests/Redeemable Partnership Units 
Note 10. Shareholders’ Equity/Partners’ Capital 
Note 13. Stock-based Compensation 
Note 17. Income Per Share/Income Per Class A Unit 
Note 22. Summary of Quarterly Results (Unaudited)

This report also includes separate Part II, Item 9A. Controls and Procedures sections, separate Exhibit 12 computation of ratios, and
separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for each of Vornado and the Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite
certifications have been made and that Vornado and the Operating Partnership are compliant with Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. §1350.

 
 
PART I.

PART II.

PART III.

PART IV.

INDEX

Item

Financial Information:

Page Number

1.

1A.

1B.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Business

Risk Factors

Unresolved Staff Comments

Properties

Legal Proceedings

Mine Safety Disclosures

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Selected Financial Data

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations

7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

8.

9.

9A.

9B.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial
Disclosure

Controls and Procedures

Other Information

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance(1)

Executive Compensation(1)

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related
Stockholder Matters(1)

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence(1)

Principal Accounting Fees and Services(1)

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

Form 10-K Summary

7

11

22

23

29

29

30

32

35

93

94

161

161

165

165

166

166

166

166

167

181

Signatures
____________________
(1)  These items are omitted in whole or in part because Vornado, the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner, will file a definitive
Proxy Statement pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 with the Securities and Exchange Commission
no later than 120 days after December 31, 2017, portions of which are incorporated by reference herein.

182

5

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained herein constitute forward‑looking statements as such term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are not
guarantees of future performance. They represent our intentions, plans, expectations and beliefs and are subject to numerous assumptions,
risks and uncertainties. Our future results, financial condition and business may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-
looking  statements.  You  can  find  many  of  these  statements  by  looking  for  words  such  as  “approximates,”  “believes,”  “expects,”
“anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “may” or other similar expressions in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K. We also
note the following forward-looking statements: in the case of our development and redevelopment projects, the estimated completion
date,  estimated  project  cost  and  cost  to  complete;  and  estimates  of  future  capital  expenditures,  dividends  to  common  and  preferred
shareholders and operating partnership distributions. Many of the factors that will determine the outcome of these and our other forward-
looking statements are beyond our ability to control or predict. For further discussion of factors that could materially affect the outcome
of our forward-looking statements, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

For these statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities
Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, which speak only as
of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or the date of any document incorporated by reference. All subsequent written and oral
forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary
statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to our forward-
looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

6

 
 
 
ITEM 1. 

BUSINESS

PART I

Vornado is a fully‑integrated REIT and conducts its business through, and substantially all of its interests in properties are held by,
the  Operating  Partnership,  a  Delaware  limited  partnership.   Accordingly,  Vornado’s  cash  flow  and  ability  to  pay  dividends  to  its
shareholders is dependent upon the cash flow of the Operating Partnership and the ability of its direct and indirect subsidiaries to first
satisfy their obligations to creditors.  Vornado is the sole general partner of, and owned approximately 93.5% of the common limited
partnership interest in the Operating Partnership at December 31, 2017.

On July 17, 2017, we completed the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment comprised of (i) 37 office properties totaling over 11.1
million square feet, five multifamily properties with 3,133 units and five other assets totaling approximately 406,000 square feet and (ii)
18 future development assets totaling over 10.4 million square feet of estimated potential development density, and (iii) $412.5 million
of cash ($275.0 million plus The Bartlett financing proceeds less transaction costs and other mortgage items) to JBG SMITH Properties
("JBGS"). On July 18, 2017, JBGS was combined with the management business and certain Washington, DC assets of The JBG Companies
(“JBG”), a Washington, DC real estate company. Steven Roth, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of
Vornado, is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of JBGS. Mitchell Schear, former President of our Washington, DC business, is a
member of the Board of Trustees of JBGS. We are providing transition services to JBGS initially including information technology,
financial reporting and payroll services. The spin-off was effected through a tax-free distribution by Vornado to the holders of Vornado
common shares of all of the common shares of JBGS at the rate of one JBGS common share for every two common shares of Vornado
and the distribution by the Operating Partnership to the holders of its common units of all of the outstanding common units of JBG SMITH
Properties LP (“JBGSLP”) at the rate of one JBGSLP common unit for every two common units of VRLP held of record. See JBGS’
Amendment No. 3 on Form 10 (File No. 1-37994) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 9, 2017 for additional
information. Beginning in the third quarter of 2017, the historical financial results of our Washington, DC segment are reflected in our
consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for all periods presented.  

We currently own all or portions of:

New York:

•

•

•

•

•

20.3 million square feet of Manhattan office in 36 properties;

2.7 million square feet of Manhattan street retail in 71 properties;

2,009 units in twelve residential properties;

The 1,700 room Hotel Pennsylvania located on Seventh Avenue at 33rd Street in the heart of the Penn Plaza district;

A 32.4% interest in Alexander’s, Inc. (“Alexander’s”) (NYSE: ALX), which owns seven properties in the greater New York
metropolitan area, including 731 Lexington Avenue, the 1.3 million square foot Bloomberg, L.P. headquarters building;

Other Real Estate and Related Investments:

•

•

•

•

•

The 3.7 million square foot theMART in Chicago;

A  70%  controlling  interest  in  555  California  Street,  a  three-building  office  complex  in  San  Francisco’s  financial  district
aggregating 1.8 million square feet, known as the Bank of America Center;

A 25.0% interest in Vornado Capital Partners, our real estate fund (the "Fund").  We are the general partner and investment
manager of the Fund;

A 32.5% interest in Toys “R” Us, Inc. (“Toys”), which is in Chapter 11 bankruptcy and carried at zero in our consolidated balance
sheets; and

Other real estate and other investments.

7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY

Our business objective is to maximize Vornado shareholder value. We intend to achieve this objective by continuing to pursue our

investment philosophy and execute our operating strategies through:

• maintaining a superior team of operating and investment professionals and an entrepreneurial spirit;
•

investing in properties in select markets, such as New York City, where we believe there is a high likelihood of capital
appreciation;
acquiring quality properties at a discount to replacement cost and where there is a significant potential for higher rents;
investing in retail properties in select under-stored locations such as the New York City metropolitan area;
developing and redeveloping our existing properties to increase returns and maximize value; and
investing in operating companies that have a significant real estate component.

•
•
•
•

We expect to finance our growth, acquisitions and investments using internally generated funds, proceeds from asset sales and by
accessing the public and private capital markets.  We may also offer Vornado common or preferred shares or Operating Partnership units
in exchange for property and may repurchase or otherwise reacquire these securities in the future.

ACQUISITIONS

We completed the following acquisition during 2017:

•

$230.0 million upfront contribution for the acquisition of a 99-year leasehold of Farley Post Office (50.1% interest)

DISPOSITIONS

We completed the following sale transactions during 2017:

•
•
•
•
•

$6.0 billion spin-off of our Washington, DC segment on July 17, 2017;
$155.0 million sale of property comprising the Suffolk Downs racetrack in East Boston, Massachusetts (21.2% interest);
$148.0 million sale of 800 Corporate Pointe in Culver City, CA (25% interest);
$23.9 million sale of investments by India Property Fund (36.5% interest); 
$18.7 million sale of our 25% interest in TCG Urban Infrastructure Holdings Private Limited, which substantially completes
our sale of our investments in India; and

• We received $50.0 million representing our interest in the $150.0 million mezzanine loan owned by a joint venture in which

we had a 33.3% ownership interest.

FINANCINGS

We completed the following financing transactions during 2017:

•

•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•

$1.25 billion revolving credit facility extended to January 2022 with two six-month extension options, lowering the interest
rate from LIBOR plus 105 basis points to LIBOR plus 100 basis points.
$1.2 billion refinancing of 280 Park Avenue (50% interest);
$500 million refinancing of the office portion of 731 Lexington (32.4% interest);
$500 million refinancing of 330 Madison (25% interest);
$450 million public offering of 3.5% 7-year senior unsecured notes;
$450 million redemption of 2.5% senior unsecured notes;
$320 million issuance of 5.25% Series M cumulative redeemable preferred shares and $470 million redemption of 6.625%
Series G and 6.625% Series I cumulative redeemable preferred shares in January 2018;
$271 million loan facility for the Moynihan Office Building (50.1% interest);
$220 million financing of The Bartlett (included in the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment);
$100 million loan facility for the refinancing of Lincoln Road (25% interest); 
$44 million repayment of 1700 and 1730 M Street (included in the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment); and
$20 million refinancing of 50 West 57th Street (50% interest).

8

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
DEVELOPMENT AND REDEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES

We  are  constructing  a  residential  condominium  tower  containing  397,000  salable  square  feet  at  220  Central  Park  South.  The
development cost of this project (exclusive of land cost of $515 million) is estimated to be approximately $1.4 billion, of which $890
million has been expended as of December 31, 2017. 

We are developing a 173,000 square foot Class A office building, located along the western edge of the High Line at 512 West 22nd
Street in the West Chelsea submarket of Manhattan (55.0% interest).  The development cost of this project is estimated to be approximately
$130,000,000, of which our share is $72,000,000.  As of December 31, 2017, $73,890,000 has been expended, of which our share is
$40,640,000. 

We are developing a 170,000 square foot office and retail building at 61 Ninth Avenue, located on the southwest corner of Ninth
Avenue and 15th Street in the West Chelsea submarket of Manhattan (45.1% interest).  The development cost of this project is estimated
to be approximately $152,000,000, of which our share is $69,000,000.  As of December 31, 2017, $105,281,000 has been expended, of
which our share is $47,482,000. 

We are developing a 34,000 square foot office and retail building at 606 Broadway, located on the northeast corner of Broadway and
Houston  Street  in  Manhattan  (50.0%  interest).  The  venture’s  development  cost  of  this  project  is  estimated  to  be  approximately
$60,000,000, of which our share is $30,000,000. As of December 31, 2017, $34,189,000 has been expended, of which our share is
$17,095,000. 

A joint venture in which we have a 50.1% ownership interest is redeveloping the historic Farley Post Office building which will
include a new Moynihan Train Hall and approximately 850,000 rentable square feet of commercial space, comprised of approximately
730,000 square feet of office space and approximately 120,000 square feet of retail space.  As of December 31, 2017, $271,641,000 has
been expended, of which our share is $136,092,000. The joint venture has also entered into a development agreement with Empire State
Development (“ESD”) and a design-build contract with Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders.  Under the development agreement with
ESD, the joint venture is obligated to build the Moynihan Train Hall, with Vornado and Related Companies ("Related") each guaranteeing
the joint venture’s obligations.  Under the design-build agreement, Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders is obligated to fulfill all of the
joint venture’s obligations.  The obligations of Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders have been bonded by Skanska USA and bear a
full guaranty from Skanska AB.  

We are redeveloping a 64,000 square foot Class A office building at 345 Montgomery Street, a part of our 555 California Street
complex in San Francisco (70.0% interest) located at the corner of California and Pine Street. The development cost of this project is
estimated to be approximately $46,000,000, of which our share is $32,000,000. As of December 31, 2017, $2,720,000 has been expended,
of which our share is $1,904,000. 

We are also evaluating other development and redevelopment opportunities at certain of our properties in Manhattan, including, in

particular, the Penn Plaza District. 

There can be no assurance that any of our development or redevelopment projects will commence, or if commenced, be completed,

or completed on schedule or within budget. 

9

 
 
 
 
 
SEGMENT DATA

We operate in the following reportable segments: New York and Other.  Financial information related to these reportable segments
for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is set forth in Note 23 – Segment Information to our consolidated financial
statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

SEASONALITY

Our revenues and expenses are subject to seasonality during the year which impacts quarterly net earnings, cash flows and funds
from operations, and therefore impacts comparisons of the current quarter to the previous quarter.  The New York segment has historically
experienced higher utility costs in the first and third quarters of the year.

TENANTS ACCOUNTING FOR OVER 10% OF REVENUES

None of our tenants accounted for more than 10% of total revenues in any of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

CERTAIN ACTIVITIES

We do not base our acquisitions and investments on specific allocations by type of property. We have historically held our properties
for long‑term investment; however, it is possible that properties in our portfolio may be sold when circumstances warrant. Further, we
have not adopted a policy that limits the amount or percentage of assets which could be invested in a specific property or property type.
Generally our activities are reviewed and may be modified from time to time by Vornado’s Board of Trustees without the vote of our
shareholders or Operating Partnership unitholders.

EMPLOYEES

As of December 31, 2017, we have approximately 3,989 employees, of which 290 are corporate staff. The New York segment has
3,551 employees, including 2,788 employees of Building Maintenance Services LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, which provides cleaning,
security and engineering services primarily to our New York properties and our former Washington, DC properties and 449 employees
at the Hotel Pennsylvania. theMART has 148 employees.  The foregoing does not include employees of partially owned entities.

PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES

Our principal executive offices are located at 888 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019; telephone (212) 894‑7000. 

MATERIALS AVAILABLE ON OUR WEBSITE

Copies of our Annual Report on Form 10‑K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10‑Q, Current Reports on Form 8‑K, and amendments to
those reports, as well as Reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5 regarding officers, trustees or 10% beneficial owners, filed or furnished pursuant
to Section 13(a), 15(d) or 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge through our website (www.vno.com)
as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Also
available on our website are copies of our Audit Committee Charter, Compensation Committee Charter, Corporate Governance and
Nominating Committee Charter, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Corporate Governance Guidelines. In the event of any changes
to these charters or the code or guidelines, changed copies will also be made available on our website.  Copies of these documents are
also available directly from us free of charge.  Our website also includes other financial information, including certain non-GAAP financial
measures, none of which is a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  Copies of our filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
are also available free of charge from us, upon request.

10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 1A. 

RISK FACTORS 

Material factors that may adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition are summarized below.  We refer to the
equity and debt securities of both Vornado and the Operating Partnership as our “securities” and the investors who own shares of Vornado
or units of the Operating Partnership, or both, as our “equity holders.” The risks and uncertainties described herein may not be the only
ones we face.  Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely
affect our business, operations and financial condition.  See “Forward-Looking Statements” contained herein on page 6.

OUR INVESTMENTS ARE CONCENTRATED CURRENTLY IN THE NEW YORK CITY METROPOLITAN AREA AND
CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING THIS AREA  GENERALLY  COULD  MATERIALLY AND ADVERSELY AFFECT  OUR
BUSINESS.  

A significant portion of our properties are located currently in the New York City/New Jersey metropolitan area and are affected

by the economic cycles and risks inherent to this area.

In 2017, approximately 89% of our net operating income ("NOI", a non-GAAP measure) came from properties located in the New
York City metropolitan area.  We may continue to concentrate a significant portion of our future acquisitions and development in this
area.  Real estate markets are subject to economic downturns and we cannot predict how economic conditions will impact this market in
either the short or long term. Declines in the economy or declines in real estate markets in the New York City metropolitan area could
hurt our financial performance and the value of our properties.  In addition to the factors affecting the national economic condition
generally, the factors affecting economic conditions in this region include:

•

•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•

financial  performance  and  productivity  of  the  media,  advertising,  professional  services,  financial,  technology,  retail,
insurance and real estate industries;
business layoffs or downsizing;
industry slowdowns;
relocations of businesses;
changing demographics;
increased telecommuting and use of alternative work places;
changes in the number of domestic and international tourists to our markets (including, as a result of changes in the relative
strengths of world currencies);
infrastructure quality; 
changes in the treatment of the deductibility of state and local taxes; and
any oversupply of, or reduced demand for, real estate.

It is impossible for us to assess the future effects of trends in the economic and investment climates of the geographic areas in which
we concentrate, and more generally of the United States, or the real estate markets in these areas.  Local, national or global economic
downturns, would negatively affect our businesses and profitability.

We are subject to risks that affect the general and New York City retail environments.

Certain of our properties are Manhattan street retail properties.  As such, these properties are affected by the general and New York
City retail environments, including the level of consumer spending and consumer confidence, change in relative strengths of world
currencies, the threat of terrorism, increasing competition from retailers, outlet malls, retail websites and catalog companies and the
impact of technological change upon the retail environment generally.  These factors could adversely affect the financial condition of
our retail tenants and the willingness of retailers to lease space in our retail locations.

Terrorist attacks, such as those of September 11, 2001 in New York City, may adversely affect the value of our properties and our

ability to generate cash flow.

We have significant investments in large metropolitan areas, including the New York, Chicago and San Francisco metropolitan areas.
In response to a terrorist attack or the perceived threat of terrorism, tenants in these areas may choose to relocate their businesses to less
populated, lower-profile areas of the United States that may be perceived to be less likely targets of future terrorist activity and fewer
customers may choose to patronize businesses in these areas. This, in turn, would trigger a decrease in the demand for space in these
areas, which could increase vacancies in our properties and force us to lease space on less favorable terms. Furthermore, we may experience
increased costs in security, equipment and personnel. As a result, the value of our properties and the level of our revenues and cash flows
could decline materially.

11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural disasters and the effects of climate change could have a concentrated impact on the areas where we operate and could

adversely impact our results.

Our investments are concentrated in the New York, Chicago and San Francisco metropolitan areas.  Natural disasters, including
earthquakes,  storms  and  hurricanes,  could  impact  our  properties  in  these  and  other  areas  in  which  we  operate.   Potentially  adverse
consequences of “global warming” could similarly have an impact on our properties.  Over time, these conditions could result in declining
demand for office space in our buildings or the inability of us to operate the buildings at all. Climate change may also have indirect effects
on our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) property insurance on terms we find acceptable, increasing the cost of
energy at our properties and requiring us to expend funds as we seek to repair and protect our properties against such risks. The incurrence
of these losses, costs or business interruptions may adversely affect our operating and financial results.

REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS’ VALUE AND INCOME FLUCTUATE DUE TO VARIOUS FACTORS.

The value of real estate fluctuates depending on conditions in the general economy and the real estate business. These conditions

may also adversely impact our revenues and cash flows.

The factors that affect the value of our real estate investments include, among other things:

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•

global, national, regional and local economic conditions;
competition from other available space;
local conditions such as an oversupply of space or a reduction in demand for real estate in the area;
how well we manage our properties;
the development and/or redevelopment of our properties;
changes in market rental rates;
the timing and costs associated with property improvements and rentals;
whether we are able to pass all or portions of any increases in operating costs through to tenants;
changes in real estate taxes and other expenses;  
whether tenants and users such as customers and shoppers consider a property attractive;
changes in consumer preferences adversely affecting retailers and retail store values;
changes in space utilization by our tenants due to technology, economic conditions and business environment;
the financial condition of our tenants, including the extent of tenant bankruptcies or defaults;
availability of financing on acceptable terms or at all;
inflation or deflation;
fluctuations in interest rates;
our ability to obtain adequate insurance;
changes in zoning laws and taxation;
government regulation;
consequences of any armed conflict involving, or terrorist attacks against, the United States or individual acts of violence
in public spaces including retail centers;
potential liability under environmental or other laws or regulations;
natural disasters;
general competitive factors; and
climate changes.

The rents or sales proceeds we receive and the occupancy levels at our properties may decline as a result of adverse changes in any
of these factors. If rental revenues, sales proceeds and/or occupancy levels decline, we generally would expect to have less cash available
to pay indebtedness and for distribution to equity holders. In addition, some of our major expenses, including mortgage payments, real
estate taxes and maintenance costs generally do not decline when the related rents decline.

Capital markets and economic conditions can materially affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations as well

as the value of an investment in our debt and equity securities.

There are many factors that can affect the value of our debt and equity securities, including the state of the capital markets and the
economy.   Demand  for  office  and  retail  space  may  decline  nationwide,  as  it  did  in  2008  and  2009  due  to  the  economic  downturn,
bankruptcies, downsizing, layoffs and cost cutting.  Government action or inaction may adversely affect the state of the capital markets.
The cost and availability of credit may be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and wider credit spreads, which may adversely
affect our liquidity and financial condition, including our results of operations, and the liquidity and financial condition of our tenants.

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Our inability or the inability of our tenants to timely refinance maturing liabilities and access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs
may materially affect our financial condition and results of operations and the value of our securities. 

U.S. federal tax reform legislation now and in the future could affect REITs generally, the geographic markets in which we

operate, the trading of our shares and our results of operations, both positively and negatively, in ways that are difficult to
anticipate.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Act”) represents sweeping tax reform legislation that makes significant changes to
corporate and individual tax rates and the calculation of taxes, as well as international tax rules. As a REIT, we are generally not required
to  pay  federal  taxes  otherwise  applicable  to  regular  corporations  if  we  comply  with  the  various  tax  regulations  governing  REITs.
Shareholders, however, are generally required to pay taxes on REIT dividends. The 2017 Act and future tax reform legislation could
impact our share price or how shareholders and potential investors view an investment in REITs.  For example, the decrease in corporate
tax rates in the 2017 Act could decrease the attractiveness of the REIT structure relative to companies that are not organized as REITs.
In addition, while certain elements of the 2017 Act do not impact us directly as a REIT, they could impact the geographic markets in
which we operate as well as our tenants in ways, both positive and negative, that are difficult to anticipate.  For example, the limitation
in the 2017 Act on the deductibility of certain state and local taxes may make operating in jurisdictions that impose such taxes at higher
rates less desirable than operating in jurisdictions imposing such taxes at lower rates.  The overall impact of the 2017 Act also depends
on the future interpretations and regulations that may be issued by U.S. tax authorities, and it is possible that future guidance could
adversely impact us.

Real estate is a competitive business.

We compete with a large number of real estate property owners and developers, some of which may be willing to accept lower returns
on their investments. Principal factors of competition are rents charged, sales prices, attractiveness of location, the quality of the property
and the breadth and the quality of services provided. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends of the global, national,
regional and local economies, the financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants and customers, availability
and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations, legislation, population and employment trends.

Competition for acquisitions may reduce the number of acquisition opportunities available to us and increase the costs of those

acquisitions.

We may acquire properties when we are presented with attractive opportunities. We may face competition for acquisition opportunities
from other well-capitalized investors, including publicly traded and privately held REITs, private real estate funds, domestic and foreign
financial institutions, life insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds, pension trusts, partnerships and individual investors which may
adversely affect us by causing us the inability to acquire a desired property or cause an increase in the purchase price for such acquisition
property.

If we are unable to successfully acquire additional properties, our ability to grow our business could be adversely affected. In addition,

increases in the cost of acquisition opportunities could adversely affect our results of operations.

We depend on leasing space to tenants on economically favorable terms and collecting rent from tenants who may not be able to

pay.

Our financial results depend significantly on leasing space in our properties to tenants on economically favorable terms. In addition,
because a majority of our income comes from renting of real property, our income, funds available to pay indebtedness and funds available
for distribution to equity holders will decrease if a significant number of our tenants cannot pay their rent or if we are not able to maintain
occupancy levels on favorable terms. If a tenant does not pay its rent, we may not be able to enforce our rights as landlord without delays
and may incur substantial legal and other costs.  During periods of economic adversity, there may be an increase in the number of tenants
that cannot pay their rent and an increase in vacancy rates.

We may be unable to renew leases or relet space as leases expire.

When our tenants decide not to renew their leases upon their expiration, we may not be able to relet the space. Even if tenants do
renew or we can relet the space, the terms of renewal or reletting, taking into account among other things, the cost of improvements to
the property and leasing commissions, may be less favorable than the terms in the expired leases. In addition, changes in space utilization
by our tenants may impact our ability to renew or relet space without the need to incur substantial costs in renovating or redesigning the
internal configuration of the relevant property. If we are unable to promptly renew the leases or relet the space at similar rates or if we

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incur substantial costs in renewing or reletting the space, our cash flow and ability to service debt obligations and pay dividends and
distributions to equity holders could be adversely affected.

Bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants may decrease our revenue, net income and available cash.

From time to time, some of our tenants have declared bankruptcy, and other tenants may declare bankruptcy or become insolvent in
the future. The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant could cause us to suffer lower revenues and operational difficulties, including
leasing the remainder of the property. As a result, the bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant could result in decreased revenue, net
income and funds available to pay our indebtedness or make distributions to equity holders.

 We may incur significant costs to comply with environmental laws and environmental contamination may impair our ability to

lease and/or sell real estate.

Our operations and properties are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the protection of the
environment, including air and water quality, hazardous or toxic substances and health and safety. Under some environmental laws, a
current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances released
at a property. The owner or operator may also be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage or personal
injuries and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by those parties because of the contamination. These laws often impose liability
without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of the release of the substances or caused the release. The presence of contamination
or the failure to remediate contamination may also impair our ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow using the real estate as
collateral. Other laws and regulations govern indoor and outdoor air quality including those that can require the abatement or removal
of asbestos-containing materials in the event of damage, demolition, renovation or remodeling and also govern emissions of and exposure
to asbestos fibers in the air. The maintenance and removal of lead paint and certain electrical equipment containing polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) are also regulated by federal and state laws. We are also subject to risks associated with human exposure to chemical
or biological contaminants such as molds, pollens, viruses and bacteria which, above certain levels, can be alleged to be connected to
allergic or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. Our predecessor companies may be subject to similar liabilities
for activities of those companies in the past.  We could incur fines for environmental compliance and be held liable for the costs of
remedial action with respect to the foregoing regulated substances or related claims arising out of environmental contamination or human
exposure to contamination at or from our properties.

 Each of our properties has been subject to varying degrees of environmental assessment. To date, these environmental assessments
have  not  revealed  any  environmental  condition  material  to  our  business.  However,  identification  of  new  compliance  concerns  or
undiscovered areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, human exposure to contamination or
changes in clean-up or compliance requirements could result in significant costs to us.

In addition, we may become subject to costs or taxes, or increases therein, associated with natural resource or energy usage (such as
a “carbon tax”).  These costs or taxes could increase our operating costs and decrease the cash available to pay our obligations or distribute
to equity holders.

We face risks associated with our tenants being designated “Prohibited Persons” by the Office of Foreign Assets Control and

similar requirements. 

Pursuant to Executive Order 13224 and other laws, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the
Treasury (“OFAC”) maintains a list of persons designated as terrorists or who are otherwise blocked or banned (“Prohibited Persons”)
from conducting business or engaging in transactions in the United States and thereby restricts our doing business with such persons.  In
addition, our leases, loans and other agreements may require us to comply with OFAC and related requirements, and any failure to do so
may result in a breach of such agreements.  If a tenant or other party with whom we conduct business is placed on the OFAC list or is
otherwise a party with whom we are prohibited from doing business, we may be required to terminate the lease or other agreement.  Any
such termination could result in a loss of revenue or otherwise negatively affect our financial results and cash flows.

Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures. 

Despite system redundancy, the implementation of security measures and the existence of a disaster recovery plan for our internal
information  technology  systems,  our  systems  are  vulnerable  to  damages  from  any  number  of  sources,  including  computer  viruses,
unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures.  Any system failure or accident
that causes interruptions in our operations could result in a material disruption to our business.  We may also incur additional costs to
remedy damages caused by such disruptions.

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 The occurrence of cyber incidents, or a deficiency in our cyber security, could negatively impact our business by causing a
disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships
or reputation, all of which could negatively impact our financial results.

We  face  risks  associated  with  security  breaches,  whether  through  cyber  attacks  or  cyber  intrusions  over  the  Internet,  malware,
computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons who access our systems from inside or outside our organization, and other significant
disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber
intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and
sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Our IT networks and related systems are essential
to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations (including managing our building systems) and, in some
cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these
types of IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption,
there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would
not be successful or damaging. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable
because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target,
and in some cases are designed to not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these
techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate
this risk.

A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could disrupt the proper functioning
of our networks and systems and therefore our operations and/or those of certain of our tenants; result in the unauthorized access to, and
destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of, proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or
others, which others could use to compete against us or which could expose us to damage claims by third-parties for disruptive, destructive
or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our tenants for the
efficient use of their leased space; require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result; subject us
to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or termination of leases or other agreements; or damage our reputation among
our tenants and investors generally. Any or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial
condition and cash flows.

Some of our potential losses may not be covered by insurance.

We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, and all risk property and rental
value insurance with limits of $2.0 billion per occurrence, with sub-limits for certain perils such as flood and earthquake. Our California
properties have earthquake insurance with coverage of $180,000,000 per occurrence and in the aggregate, subject to a deductible in the
amount of 5% of the value of the affected property. We maintain coverage for terrorism acts with limits of $4.0 billion per occurrence
and in the aggregate, and $2.0 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate for terrorism involving nuclear, biological, chemical and
radiological (“NBCR”) terrorism events, as defined by Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015, which expires
in December 2020.

Penn Plaza Insurance Company, LLC (“PPIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a re-insurer with respect to a
portion of all risk property and rental value insurance and a portion of our earthquake insurance coverage, and as a direct insurer for
coverage for acts of terrorism including NBCR acts. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third
party insurance companies and the Federal government with no exposure to PPIC. For NBCR acts, PPIC is responsible for a deductible
of $1,976,000 ($1,601,000 for 2018) and 17% (18% for 2018) of the balance of a covered loss and the Federal government is responsible
for the remaining portion of a covered loss. We are ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by PPIC.

We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism.  However, we
cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible for deductibles and
losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material.

Our debt instruments, consisting of mortgage loans secured by our properties which are non-recourse to us, senior unsecured notes
and revolving credit agreements contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have
adequate insurance coverage for purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable
costs in the future. Further, if lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain it could adversely affect our ability to finance
our properties and expand our portfolio.

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Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act or other safety regulations and requirements could

result in substantial costs. 

The Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) generally requires that public buildings, including our properties, meet certain federal
requirements  related  to  access  and  use  by  disabled  persons.   Noncompliance  could  result  in  the  imposition  of  fines  by  the  federal
government or the award of damages to private litigants and/or legal fees to their counsel.  From time to time persons have asserted claims
against us with respect to some of our properties under the ADA, but to date such claims have not resulted in any material expense or
liability.  If, under the ADA, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our properties,
including the removal of access barriers, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, as well as the amount
of cash available for distribution to equity holders.

Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety
requirements.  If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards.  We do not know whether
existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures
that will affect our cash flow and results of operations.

Changes in the method pursuant to which the LIBOR rates are determined and potential phasing out of LIBOR after 2021 may

affect our financial results. 

The chief executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA"), which regulates LIBOR, has recently announced
that the FCA intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. It is not possible to predict the
effect of these changes, other reforms or the establishment of alternative reference rates in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. Furthermore,
in the United States, efforts to identify a set of alternative U.S. dollar reference interest rates include proposals by the Alternative Reference
Rates Committee of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. On August 24, 2017, the Federal Reserve
Board requested public comment on a proposal by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, in cooperation with the Office of Financial
Research, to produce three new reference rates intended to serve as alternatives to LIBOR. These alternative rates are based on overnight
repurchase agreement transactions secured by U.S. Treasury Securities. The Federal Reserve Bank said that the publication of these
alternative rates is targeted to commence by mid-2018. 

Any changes announced by the FCA, including the FCA Announcement, other regulators or any other successor governance or
oversight body, or future changes adopted by such body, in the method pursuant to which the LIBOR rates are determined may result in
a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in the reported LIBOR rates. If that were to occur, the level of interest payments we incur
may change.  In addition, although certain of our LIBOR based obligations provide for alternative methods of calculating the interest
rate payable on certain of our obligations if LIBOR is not reported, which include requesting certain rates from major reference banks
in London or New York, or alternatively using LIBOR for the immediately preceding interest period or using the initial interest rate, as
applicable, uncertainty as to the extent and manner of future changes may result in interest rates and/or payments that are higher than,
lower than or that do not otherwise correlate over time with the interest rates and/or payments that would have been made on our obligations
if LIBOR rate was available in its current form. 

WE MAY ACQUIRE OR SELL ASSETS OR ENTITIES OR DEVELOP PROPERTIES. OUR FAILURE OR INABILITY TO
CONSUMMATE  THESE  TRANSACTIONS  OR  MANAGE  THE  RESULTS  OF  THESE  TRANSACTIONS  COULD
ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL RESULTS.

We may acquire, develop or redevelop real estate and acquire related companies and this may create risks.

We may acquire, develop or redevelop properties or acquire real estate related companies when we believe doing so is consistent
with our business strategy. We may not succeed in (i) developing, redeveloping or acquiring real estate and real estate related companies;
(ii) completing these activities on time or within budget; or (iii) leasing or selling developed, redeveloped or acquired properties at amounts
sufficient  to  cover  our  costs.   Competition  in  these  activities  could  also  significantly  increase  our  costs.  Difficulties  in  integrating
acquisitions may prove costly or time-consuming and could divert management’s attention. Acquisitions or developments in new markets
or industries where we do not have the same level of market knowledge may result in weaker than anticipated performance. We may also
abandon acquisition or development opportunities that we have begun pursuing and consequently fail to recover expenses already incurred.
Furthermore, we may be exposed to the liabilities of properties or companies acquired, some of which we may not be aware of at the
time of acquisition.  

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From time to time we have made, and in the future we may seek to make, one or more material acquisitions.  The announcement

of such a material acquisition may result in a rapid and significant decline in the price of our securities.

We are continuously looking at material transactions that we believe will maximize shareholder value.  However, an announcement

by us of one or more significant acquisitions could result in a quick and significant decline in the price of our securities.

It may be difficult to buy and sell real estate quickly, which may limit our flexibility.

Real estate investments are relatively difficult to buy and sell quickly. Consequently, we may have limited ability to vary our portfolio

promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.

We may not be permitted to dispose of certain properties or pay down the debt associated with those properties when we might
otherwise desire to do so without incurring additional costs.  In addition, when we dispose of or sell assets, we may not be able to
reinvest the sales proceeds and earn similar returns.

As part of an acquisition of a property, or a portfolio of properties, we may agree, and in the past have agreed, not to dispose of the
acquired properties or reduce the mortgage indebtedness for a long-term period, unless we pay certain of the resulting tax costs of the
seller. These agreements could result in us holding on to properties that we would otherwise sell and not pay down or refinance.  In
addition, when we dispose of or sell assets, we may not be able to reinvest the sales proceeds and earn returns similar to those generated
by the assets that were sold.

From time to time we have made, and in the future we may seek to make, investments in companies over which we do not have

sole control. Some of these companies operate in industries with different risks than investing and operating real estate.

From time to time we have made, and in the future we may seek to make, investments in companies that we may not control, including,
but not limited to, Alexander’s, Inc. (“Alexander’s”), Toys “R” Us, Inc. (“Toys”), Urban Edge Properties (“UE”), Pennsylvania Real
Estate Investment Trust (“PREIT”), and other equity and loan investments. Although these businesses generally have a significant real
estate component, some of them operate in businesses that are different from investing and operating real estate, including operating or
managing toy stores. Consequently, we are subject to operating and financial risks of those industries and to the risks associated with
lack of control, such as having differing objectives than our partners or the entities in which we invest, or becoming involved in disputes,
or competing directly or indirectly with these partners or entities.  In addition, we rely on the internal controls and financial reporting
controls of these entities and their failure to maintain effectiveness or comply with applicable standards may adversely affect us.

Our investment in Toys has in the past and may in the future result in increased seasonality and volatility in our reported earnings.

We carry our Toys investment at zero.  As a result, we no longer record our equity in Toys' income or loss.   Because Toys is a retailer,
its operations subject us to the risks of a retail company that are different than those presented by our other lines of business. The business
of Toys is highly seasonal and substantially all of Toys net income is generated in its fourth quarter.  It is possible that the value of Toys
may increase and we could again resume recording our equity in Toys' income or loss, which would increase the seasonality and volatility
of our reported earnings.

Our decision to dispose of real estate assets would change the holding period assumption in our valuation analyses, which could

result in material impairment losses and adversely affect our financial results.

We evaluate real estate assets for impairment based on the projected cash flow of the asset over our anticipated holding period.  If
we change our intended holding period, due to our intention to sell or otherwise dispose of an asset, then under accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America, we must reevaluate whether that asset is impaired.  Depending on the carrying value
of the property at the time we change our intention and the amount that we estimate we would receive on disposal, we may record an
impairment loss that would adversely affect our financial results. This loss could be material to our results of operations in the period
that it is recognized.

We invest in marketable equity securities.  The value of these investments may decline as a result of operating performance or

economic or market conditions. 

We invest in marketable equity securities of publicly-traded companies, such as Lexington Realty Trust.  As of December 31, 2017,
our marketable securities have an aggregate carrying amount of $182,752,000, at market.  Significant declines in the value of these

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investments due to, among other reasons, operating performance or economic or market conditions, may result in the recognition of
impairment losses which could be material. 

OUR ORGANIZATIONAL AND FINANCIAL STRUCTURE GIVES RISE TO OPERATIONAL AND FINANCIAL RISKS.

We may not be able to obtain capital to make investments.

We depend primarily on external financing to fund the growth of our business. This is because one of the requirements of the Internal
Revenue  Code  of  1986,  as  amended,  for  a  REIT  is  that  it  distributes  90%  of  its  taxable  income,  excluding  net  capital  gains,  to  its
shareholders. This, in turn, requires the Operating Partnership to make distributions to its unitholders. There is a separate requirement to
distribute net capital gains or pay a corporate level tax in lieu thereof. Our access to debt or equity financing depends on the willingness
of third parties to lend or make equity investments and on conditions in the capital markets generally. Although we believe that we will
be able to finance any investments we may wish to make in the foreseeable future, there can be no assurance that new financing will be
available or available on acceptable terms. For information about our available sources of funds, see “Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources” and the notes to the consolidated financial
statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We depend on dividends and distributions from our direct and indirect subsidiaries. The creditors and preferred equity holders
of these subsidiaries are entitled to amounts payable to them by the subsidiaries before the subsidiaries may pay any dividends or
distributions to us.

Substantially all of Vornado’s assets are held through its Operating Partnership that holds substantially all of its properties and assets
through  subsidiaries. The  Operating  Partnership’s  cash  flow  is  dependent  on  cash  distributions  to  it  by  its  subsidiaries,  and  in  turn,
substantially all of Vornado’s cash flow is dependent on cash distributions to it by the Operating Partnership. The creditors of each of
Vornado’s direct and indirect subsidiaries are entitled to payment of that subsidiary’s obligations to them, when due and payable, before
distributions may be made by that subsidiary to its equity holders. Thus, the Operating Partnership’s ability to make distributions to its
equity holders depends on its subsidiaries’ ability first to satisfy their obligations to their creditors and then to make distributions to the
Operating  Partnership.  Likewise, Vornado’s  ability  to  pay  dividends  to  its  holders  of  common  and  preferred  shares  depends  on  the
Operating Partnership’s ability first to satisfy its obligations to its creditors and make distributions to holders of its preferred units and
then to make distributions to Vornado.

Furthermore, the holders of preferred units of the Operating Partnership are entitled to receive preferred distributions before payment
of distributions to the Operating Partnership’s equity holders, including Vornado. Thus, Vornado’s ability to pay cash dividends to its
equity holders and satisfy its debt obligations depends on the Operating Partnership’s ability first to satisfy its obligations to its creditors
and make distributions to holders of its preferred units and then to its equity holders, including Vornado.  As of December 31, 2017, there
were four series of preferred units of the Operating Partnership not held by Vornado with a total liquidation value of $56,010,000.

In addition, Vornado’s participation in any distribution of the assets of any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries upon the liquidation,
reorganization or insolvency, is only after the claims of the creditors, including trade creditors and preferred equity holders, are satisfied.

We have a substantial amount of indebtedness that could affect our future operations.

As of December 31, 2017, our consolidated mortgages and unsecured indebtedness, excluding related premium, discount and deferred
financing costs, net, totaled $9.8 billion. We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our
cash flow from operations will be insufficient to meet required debt service. Our debt service costs generally will not be reduced if
developments at the property, such as the entry of new competitors or the loss of major tenants, cause a reduction in the income from the
property. Should such events occur, our operations may be adversely affected. If a property is mortgaged to secure payment of indebtedness
and income from such property is insufficient to pay that indebtedness, the property could be foreclosed upon by the mortgagee resulting
in a loss of income and a decline in our total asset value.

We have outstanding debt, and the amount of debt and its cost may increase and refinancing may not be available on acceptable

terms.

We rely on both secured and unsecured, variable rate and non-variable rate debt to finance acquisitions and development activities
and for working capital. If we are unable to obtain debt financing or refinance existing indebtedness upon maturity, our financial condition
and results of operations would likely be adversely affected.  In addition, the cost of our existing debt may increase, especially in the
case of a rising interest rate environment, and we may not be able to refinance our existing debt in sufficient amounts or on acceptable

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terms.  If the cost or amount of our indebtedness increases or we cannot refinance our debt in sufficient amounts or on acceptable terms,
we are at risk of credit ratings downgrades and default on our obligations that could adversely affect our financial condition and results
of operations.

Covenants in our debt instruments could adversely affect our financial condition and our acquisitions and development activities.

The mortgages on our properties contain customary covenants such as those that limit our ability, without the prior consent of the
lender, to further mortgage the applicable property or to discontinue insurance coverage. Our unsecured indebtedness and debt that we
may obtain in the future may contain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness,
including covenants that limit our ability to incur debt based upon the level of our ratio of total debt to total assets, our ratio of secured
debt  to  total  assets,  our  ratio  of  EBITDA  to  interest  expense,  and  fixed  charges,  and  that  require  us  to  maintain  a  certain  level  of
unencumbered assets to unsecured debt. Our ability to borrow is subject to compliance with these and other covenants. In addition, failure
to comply with our covenants could cause a default under the applicable debt instrument, and we may then be required to repay such
debt with capital from other sources or give possession of a secured property to the lender. Under those circumstances, other sources of
capital may not be available to us, or may be available only on unattractive terms.

A downgrade in our credit ratings could materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Our credit rating and the credit ratings assigned to our debt securities and our preferred shares could change based upon, among
other things, our results of operations and financial condition. These ratings are subject to ongoing evaluation by credit rating agencies,
and any rating could be changed or withdrawn by a rating agency in the future if, in its judgment, circumstances warrant such action.
Moreover, these credit ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold our common shares or any other securities. If any of the credit
rating agencies that have rated our securities downgrades or lowers its credit rating, or if any credit rating agency indicates that it has
placed any such rating on a “watch list” for a possible downgrading or lowering, or otherwise indicates that its outlook for that rating is
negative, such action could have a material adverse effect on our costs and availability of funding, which could in turn have a material
adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, the trading/redemption price of our securities, and our ability
to satisfy our debt service obligations and to pay dividends and distributions to our equity holders.

Vornado may fail to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT and may be required to pay income taxes at corporate rates.

Although we believe that Vornado will remain organized and will continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income
tax purposes, Vornado may fail to remain so qualified. Qualifications are governed by highly technical and complex provisions of the
Internal  Revenue  Code  for  which  there  are  only  limited  judicial  or  administrative  interpretations  and  depend  on  various  facts  and
circumstances that are not entirely within our control. In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court
decisions may significantly change the relevant tax laws and/or the federal income tax consequences of qualifying as a REIT. If, with
respect to any taxable year, Vornado fails to maintain its qualification as a REIT and does not qualify under statutory relief provisions,
Vornado could not deduct distributions to shareholders in computing our taxable income and would have to pay federal income tax on
its taxable income at regular corporate rates. The federal income tax payable would include any applicable alternative minimum tax. If
Vornado had to pay federal income tax, the amount of money available to distribute to equity holders and pay its indebtedness would be
reduced for the year or years involved, and Vornado would not be required to make distributions to shareholders in that taxable year and
in future years until it was able to qualify as a REIT and did so.  In addition, Vornado would also be disqualified from treatment as a
REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost, unless Vornado were entitled to relief under the
relevant statutory provisions.

We face possible adverse changes in tax laws, which may result in an increase in our tax liability.

From time to time changes in state and local tax laws or regulations are enacted, which may result in an increase in our tax liability.
The shortfall in tax revenues for states and municipalities in recent years may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes.
If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income. These increased tax costs could adversely
affect our financial condition and results of operations and the amount of cash available for payment of dividends and distributions.

Loss  of  our  key  personnel  could  harm  our  operations  and  adversely  affect  the  value  of  our  common  shares  and  Operating

Partnership Class A units.

We are dependent on the efforts of Steven Roth, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado.
While we believe that we could find a replacement for him and other key personnel, the loss of their services could harm our operations
and adversely affect the value of our securities. 

19

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO’S CHARTER DOCUMENTS AND APPLICABLE LAW MAY HINDER ANY ATTEMPT TO ACQUIRE US.

Vornado’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (the “declaration of trust”) sets limits on the ownership of its shares.

Generally, for Vornado to maintain its qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, not more than 50% in value of the
outstanding shares of beneficial interest of Vornado may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals at any time during
the last half of Vornado’s taxable year. The Internal Revenue Code defines “individuals” for purposes of the requirement described in the
preceding sentence to include some types of entities. Under Vornado’s declaration of trust, as amended, no person may own more than
6.7% of the outstanding common shares of any class, or 9.9% of the outstanding preferred shares of any class, with some exceptions for
persons who held common shares in excess of the 6.7% limit before Vornado adopted the limit and other persons approved by Vornado’s
Board of Trustees. These restrictions on transferability and ownership may delay, deter or prevent a change in control of Vornado or other
transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the best interest of equity holders.

The Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”) contains provisions that may reduce the likelihood of certain takeover

transactions.

The MGCL imposes conditions and restrictions on certain “business combinations” (including, among other transactions, a merger,
consolidation, share exchange, or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or issuance of equity securities) between a Maryland REIT
and certain persons who beneficially own at least 10% of the corporation’s stock (an “interested shareholder”). Unless approved in advance
by the board of trustees of the trust, or otherwise exempted by the statute, such a business combination is prohibited for a period of five
years after the most recent date on which the interested shareholder became an interested shareholder.  After such five-year period, a
business combination with an interested shareholder must be: (a) recommended by the board of trustees of the trust, and (b) approved
by the affirmative vote of at least (i) 80% of the trust’s outstanding shares entitled to vote and (ii) two-thirds of the trust’s outstanding
shares entitled to vote which are not held by the interested shareholder with whom the business combination is to be effected, unless,
among other things, the trust’s common shareholders receive a “fair price” (as defined by the statute) for their shares and the consideration
is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested shareholder for his or her shares.

In approving a transaction, Vornado’s Board of Trustees may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time
of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the Board of Trustees.  Vornado’s Board of Trustees has adopted a resolution
exempting any business combination between Vornado and any trustee or officer of Vornado or its affiliates.  As a result, any trustee or
officer of Vornado or its affiliates may be able to enter into business combinations with Vornado that may not be in the best interest of
our equity holders. With respect to business combinations with other persons, the business combination provisions of the MGCL may
have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Vornado or other transaction that might involve a premium
price or otherwise be in the best interest of our equity holders. The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to
acquire control of Vornado and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.

Vornado may issue additional shares in a manner that could adversely affect the likelihood of certain takeover transactions.

Vornado’s declaration of trust authorizes the Board of Trustees to:

•
•
•
•

cause Vornado to issue additional authorized but unissued common shares or preferred shares;
classify or reclassify, in one or more series, any unissued preferred shares;
set the preferences, rights and other terms of any classified or reclassified shares that Vornado issues; and
increase, without shareholder approval, the number of shares of beneficial interest that Vornado may issue.

Vornado’s Board of Trustees could establish a series of preferred shares whose terms could delay, deter or prevent a change in control
of Vornado, and therefore of the Operating Partnership, or other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the
best interest of our equity holders, although Vornado’s Board of Trustees does not now intend to establish a series of preferred shares of
this kind. Vornado’s declaration of trust and bylaws contain other provisions that may delay, deter or prevent a change in control of
Vornado or other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the best interest of our equity holders.

We may change our policies without obtaining the approval of our equity holders.

Our operating and financial policies, including our policies with respect to acquisitions of real estate or other companies, growth,
operations,  indebtedness,  capitalization,  dividends  and  distributions,  are  exclusively  determined  by  Vornado’s  Board  of  Trustees.
Accordingly, our equity holders do not control these policies.

20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OUR  OWNERSHIP  STRUCTURE  AND  RELATED-PARTY  TRANSACTIONS  MAY GIVE  RISE  TO  CONFLICTS  OF
INTEREST.

Steven Roth and Interstate Properties may exercise substantial influence over us. They and some of Vornado’s other trustees and

officers have interests or positions in other entities that may compete with us.

As of December 31, 2017, Interstate Properties, a New Jersey general partnership, and its partners owned an aggregate of approximately
7.2% of the common shares of Vornado and 26.2% of the common stock of Alexander’s, which is described below.  Steven Roth, David
Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr. are the three partners of Interstate Properties. Mr. Roth is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees
and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado, the managing general partner of Interstate Properties, and the Chairman of the Board of Directors
and Chief Executive Officer of Alexander’s. Messrs. Wight and Mandelbaum are Trustees of Vornado and also Directors of Alexander’s.

Because  of  these  overlapping  interests,  Mr. Roth  and  Interstate  Properties  and  its  partners  may  have  substantial  influence  over
Vornado, and therefore over the Operating Partnership. In addition, certain decisions concerning our operations or financial structure
may present conflicts of interest among Messrs. Roth, Mandelbaum and Wight and Interstate Properties and our other equity holders. In
addition, Mr. Roth, Interstate Properties and its partners, and Alexander’s currently and may in the future engage in a wide variety of
activities in the real estate business which may result in conflicts of interest with respect to matters affecting us, such as which of these
entities or persons, if any, may take advantage of potential business opportunities, the business focus of these entities, the types of properties
and geographic locations in which these entities make investments, potential competition between business activities conducted, or sought
to be conducted, competition for properties and tenants, possible corporate transactions such as acquisitions and other strategic decisions
affecting the future of these entities.

We manage and lease the real estate assets of Interstate Properties under a management agreement for which we receive an annual
fee equal to 4% of annual base rent and percentage rent.  See Note 21 – Related Party Transactions to our consolidated financial statements
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

There may be conflicts of interest between Alexander’s and us.

As of December 31, 2017, we owned 32.4% of the outstanding common stock of Alexander’s. Alexander’s is a REIT that has seven
properties, which are located in the greater New York metropolitan area.  In addition to the 2.3% that they indirectly own through Vornado,
Interstate Properties, which is described above, and its partners owned 26.2% of the outstanding common stock of Alexander’s as of
December 31, 2017. Mr. Roth is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado, the managing general
partner of Interstate Properties, and the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Alexander’s.  Messrs. Wight
and Mandelbaum are Trustees of Vornado and also Directors of Alexander’s and general partners of Interstate Properties.  Dr. Richard
West is a Trustee of Vornado and a Director of Alexander’s.  In addition, Joseph Macnow, our Executive Vice President – Chief Financial
Officer and Chief Administrative Officer, is the Treasurer of Alexander’s and Matthew Iocco, our Executive Vice President – Chief
Accounting Officer, is the Chief Financial Officer of Alexander’s.

We manage, develop and lease Alexander’s properties under management and development agreements and leasing agreements under
which we receive annual fees from Alexander’s. See Note 21 – Related Party Transactions to our consolidated financial statements in
this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information. 

THE NUMBER OF SHARES OF VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND THE MARKET FOR THOSE SHARES GIVE RISE TO
VARIOUS RISKS.

The trading price of Vornado’s common shares has been volatile and may continue to fluctuate. 

The trading price of Vornado’s common shares has been volatile and may continue to fluctuate widely as a result of a number of
factors, many of which are outside our control.  In addition, the stock market is subject to fluctuations in the share prices and trading
volumes that affect the market prices of the shares of many companies.  These broad market fluctuations have in the past and may in the
future adversely affect the market price of Vornado’s common shares and the redemption price of the Operating Partnership’s Class A
units.  Among those factors are:

•
•
•
•

our financial condition and performance;
the financial condition of our tenants, including the extent of tenant bankruptcies or defaults;
actual or anticipated quarterly fluctuations in our operating results and financial condition;
our dividend policy;

21

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•

•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•

the reputation of REITs and real estate investments generally and the attractiveness of REIT equity securities in comparison
to other equity securities, including securities issued by other real estate companies, and fixed income securities;
uncertainty and volatility in the equity and credit markets;
fluctuations in interest rates;
changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of research reports and recommendations by financial analysts or
actions taken by rating agencies with respect to our securities or those of other REITs;
failure to meet analysts’ revenue or earnings estimates;
speculation in the press or investment community;
strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;
the extent of institutional investor interest in us;
the extent of short-selling of Vornado common shares and the shares of our competitors;
fluctuations in the stock price and operating results of our competitors;
general financial and economic market conditions and, in particular, developments related to market conditions for REITs
and other real estate related companies;
domestic and international economic factors unrelated to our performance; 
changes in tax laws and rules; and
all other risk factors addressed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

A significant decline in Vornado’s stock price could result in substantial losses for our equity holders.

Vornado has many shares available for future sale, which could hurt the market price of its shares and the redemption price of

the Operating Partnership’s units.

The interests of equity holders could be diluted if we issue additional equity securities. As of December 31, 2017, Vornado had
authorized but unissued, 60,016,142 common shares of beneficial interest, $.04 par value and 72,116,023 preferred shares of beneficial
interest, no par value; of which 19,666,004 common shares are reserved for issuance upon redemption of Class A Operating Partnership
units, convertible securities and employee stock options and 11,200,000 preferred shares are reserved for issuance upon redemption of
preferred Operating Partnership units.  Any shares not reserved may be issued from time to time in public or private offerings or in
connection with acquisitions.  In addition, common and preferred shares reserved may be sold upon issuance in the public market after
registration under the Securities Act or under Rule 144 under the Securities Act or other available exemptions from registration.  We
cannot predict the effect that future sales of Vornado’s common and preferred shares or Operating Partnership Class A and preferred units
will have on the market prices of our securities.

 In addition, under Maryland law, Vornado’s Board of Trustees has the authority to increase the number of authorized shares without

shareholder approval.

ITEM 1B. 

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

There are no unresolved comments from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission as of the date of this Annual Report

on Form 10-K.

22

 
 
ITEM 2. 

PROPERTIES

We operate in two reportable segments:  New York and Other.  The following pages provide details of our real estate properties as

of December 31, 2017.

NEW YORK SEGMENT
Property

One Penn Plaza (ground leased through 2098)
1290 Avenue of the Americas
Two Penn Plaza
909 Third Avenue (ground leased through 2063)
Independence Plaza, Tribeca (1,327 units)(1)
280 Park Avenue(1)
770 Broadway
Eleven Penn Plaza
90 Park Avenue
One Park Avenue(1)
888 Seventh Avenue (ground leased through 2067)
100 West 33rd Street
Moynihan Train Hall/Farley Building(1)
330 Madison Avenue(1)
330 West 34th Street 

(ground leased through 2149)

85 Tenth Avenue(1)
650 Madison Avenue(1)
350 Park Avenue
150 East 58th Street (ground leased through 2098)
7 West 34th Street (1)
33-00 Northern Boulevard (Center Building)
595 Madison Avenue
640 Fifth Avenue
50-70 W 93rd Street (326 units)(1)
Manhattan Mall
40 Fulton Street
4 Union Square South
260 Eleventh Avenue (ground leased through 2114)
512 W 22nd Street(1)
61 Ninth Avenue (ground leased through 2115)(1)

825 Seventh Avenue

1540 Broadway
608 Fifth Avenue (ground leased through 2033)
Paramus
666 Fifth Avenue Retail Condominium
1535 Broadway

(Marriott Marquis - retail and signage)
(ground and building leased through 2032)

57th Street (2 buildings)(1)
689 Fifth Avenue
478-486 Broadway (2 buildings) (10 units)
150 West 34th Street
510 Fifth Avenue
655 Fifth Avenue
155 Spring Street
3040 M Street
435 Seventh Avenue
692 Broadway
606 Broadway
697-703 Fifth Avenue (St. Regis - retail)
715 Lexington Avenue
________________________________________
See notes on page 25.

Square Feet

Under
Development
or Not
Available
for Lease

—
—
—
—
12,000

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
850,000
—

—

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
173,000
147,000

—

—
—
—
—

—

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
34,000
—
—

%
Occupancy

In Service

92.5%
100.0%
98.7%
97.6%
97.7% (2)
97.4%
100.0%
99.2%
98.3%
99.1%
97.3%
98.2%
n/a
98.1%

2,530,000
2,114,000
1,634,000
1,347,000
1,245,000

1,254,000
1,160,000
1,152,000
961,000
939,000
889,000
855,000
—
846,000

92.6%

100.0%
91.1%
100.0%
94.3%
98.8%
99.6%
91.5%
91.8%
95.1%
97.4%
88.1%
100.0%
100.0%
n/a
100.0%

100.0%

100.0%
99.9%
94.7%
100.0%

98.1%

87.9%
91.7%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
93.6%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
n/a
100.0%
35.9%

(2)

709,000

627,000
593,000
571,000
542,000
479,000
471,000
325,000
314,000
283,000
256,000
251,000
206,000
184,000
—
23,000

169,000

160,000
137,000
129,000
114,000

106,000

103,000
98,000
85,000
78,000
66,000
57,000
50,000
44,000
43,000
36,000
—
26,000
23,000

Total
Property

2,530,000
2,114,000
1,634,000
1,347,000
1,257,000

1,254,000
1,160,000
1,152,000
961,000
939,000
889,000
855,000
850,000
846,000

709,000

627,000
593,000
571,000
542,000
479,000
471,000
325,000
314,000
283,000
256,000
251,000
206,000
184,000
173,000
170,000

169,000

160,000
137,000
129,000
114,000

106,000

103,000
98,000
85,000
78,000
66,000
57,000
50,000
44,000
43,000
36,000
34,000
26,000
23,000

%
Ownership

100.0%
70.0%
100.0%
100.0%
50.1%

50.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
55.0%
100.0%
100.0%
50.1%
25.0%

100.0%

49.9%
20.1%
100.0%
100.0%
53.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
49.9%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
55.0%
45.1%

51.2%

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%

100.0%

50.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
92.5%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
50.0%
74.3%
100.0%

Type

Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Office
Retail/Residential

Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Office
Office/Retail
Office/Retail

Office/Retail

Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Office
Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Residential
Retail
Office/Retail
Retail
Office
Office
Office/Retail
Office (1)
/Retail
Retail
Office/Retail
Office
Retail

Retail/Theatre

Office/Retail
Office/Retail
Retail/Residential
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Retail
Office/Retail
Retail
Retail

23

ITEM 2. 

PROPERTIES – CONTINUED

NEW YORK SEGMENT – CONTINUED
Property

%
Ownership

Type

%
Occupancy

In Service

1131 Third Avenue
40 East 66th Street (5 units)
131-135 West 33rd Street
828-850 Madison Avenue
443 Broadway
484 Eighth Avenue
334 Canal Street (4 units)
304 Canal Street (4 units)
677-679 Madison Avenue (8 units)
431 Seventh Avenue
138-142 West 32nd Street
148 Spring Street
150 Spring Street (1 unit)
966 Third Avenue
488 Eighth Avenue
267 West 34th Street
968 Third Avenue (1)
265 West 34th Street
486 Eighth Avenue
137 West 33rd Street
339 Greenwich
Other (34 units)

100.0%
Retail
100.0% Retail/Residential
Retail
100.0%
Retail
100.0%
Retail
100.0%
100.0%
Retail
100.0% Retail/Residential
100.0% Retail/Residential
100.0% Retail/Residential
Retail
100.0%
Retail
100.0%
100.0%
Retail
100.0% Retail/Residential
Retail
100.0%
Retail
100.0%
Retail
100.0%
Retail
50.0%
Retail
100.0%
Retail
100.0%
Retail
100.0%
100.0%
Retail
80.6% Retail/Residential

100.0 %
84.1 %
100.0 %
100.0 %
100.0 %
n/a
73.3 %
n/a
90.4 %
100.0 %
35.3 %
100.0 %
100.0 %
100.0 %
100.0 %
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
100.0 %
100.0 %
85.8 %

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

23,000
23,000
23,000
18,000
16,000
—
15,000
9,000
13,000
10,000
8,000
8,000
7,000
7,000
6,000
—
6,000
—
—
3,000
8,000
57,000

Square Feet

Under
Development
or Not
Available
for Lease

Total
Property

—
—
—
—
—
16,000
—
4,000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6,000
—
3,000
3,000
—
—
36,000

23,000
23,000
23,000
18,000
16,000
16,000
15,000
13,000
13,000
10,000
8,000
8,000
7,000
7,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
8,000
93,000

Hotel Pennsylvania

100.0%

Hotel

n/a

1,400,000

—

1,400,000

Alexander's, Inc.:
731 Lexington Avenue(1)
Rego Park II, Queens(1)
Rego Park I, Queens(1)
The Alexander Apartment Tower, Queens (312 units)(1)
Flushing, Queens(1)
Paramus, New Jersey (30.3 acres
ground leased through 2041)(1)
Rego Park III, Queens (3.2 acres)(1)
Total New York Segment

Our Ownership Interest
________________________________________
See notes on page 25.

32.4%
32.4%
32.4%
32.4%

32.4%

32.4%

32.4%

Office/Retail
Retail
Retail
Residential

Retail

Retail

n/a

99.9 %
99.9 %
100.0 %
94.6 %

100.0 %

100.0 %

n/a
97.4%

1,063,000
609,000
343,000
255,000

167,000

—

—
28,381,000

—
—
—

—

—

1,063,000
609,000
343,000
255,000

167,000

—

—
1,284,000

—
29,665,000

97.2%

22,478,000

661,000

23,139,000

24

ITEM 2. 

PROPERTIES – CONTINUED

OTHER SEGMENT
Property

theMART:

theMART, Chicago
Other (2 properties)(1)
Total theMART

Our Ownership Interest

555 California Street:
555 California Street
315 Montgomery Street
345 Montgomery Street
Total 555 California Street

Our Ownership Interest

Vornado Capital Partners Real Estate Fund 

("Fund")(3) :

Crowne Plaza Times Square, NY

Lucida, 86th Street and Lexington Avenue, NY

(ground leased through 2082)

11 East 68th Street Retail, NY
501 Broadway, NY
1100 Lincoln Road, Miami, FL
Total Real Estate Fund

Our Ownership Interest

Other:
666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium(1)
Rosslyn Plaza(1)
Wayne Towne Center, Wayne

(ground leased through 2064)

Annapolis

(ground leased through 2042)

Fashion Centre Mall(1)
Washington Tower(1)
Total Other

%
Ownership

Type

%
Occupancy

In Service

100.0 %

50.0 %

Office/Retail/
Showroom
Retail

70.0 %
70.0 %
70.0 %

Office
Office/Retail
Office/Retail

98.6 %

100.0 %
98.6%

3,670,000

19,000
3,689,000

98.6%

3,680,000

96.2 %
81.7 %
n/a
94.2%

94.2%

1,506,000
235,000
—
1,741,000

1,219,000

75.3 %

Office/Retail/
Hotel

68.9 %

241,000

100 % Retail/Residential

100 %
100 %
100 %

Retail
Retail
Retail/Theatre

(2)

100.0 %

100.0 %
100.0 %
90.2 %
83.8%

80.2%

155,000

11,000
9,000
128,000
544,000

155,000

Square Feet

Under
Development
or Not
Available
for Lease

—

—
—

—

—
—
64,000
64,000

Total
Property

3,670,000

19,000
3,689,000

3,680,000

1,506,000
235,000
64,000
1,805,000

45,000

1,264,000

—

—

—
—
2,000
2,000

1,000

241,000

155,000

11,000
9,000
130,000
546,000

156,000

49.5 %
Office/Retail
46.2 % Office/Residential

n/a
65.9 %

(2)

—
688,000

1,448,000
301,000

1,448,000
989,000

100 %

100 %

7.5 %

7.5 %

Retail

100.0 %

671,000

6,000

677,000

Retail

Retail

Office

100.0 %

99.4 %

100.0 %
93.2%

128,000

868,000

170,000
2,525,000

—

—

128,000

868,000

—

170,000
1,755,000 — 4,280,000

Our Ownership Interest
________________________________________
(1) Denotes property not consolidated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related financial data included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2) Excludes residential occupancy statistics.
(3) We own a 25% interest in the Fund. The ownership percentage in this section represents the Fund's ownership in the underlying assets.

1,188,000

2,050,000

862,000

93.6%

25

NEW YORK

As of December 31, 2017, our New York segment consisted of 28.4 million square feet in 88 properties.  The 28.4 million square
feet is comprised of 20.3 million square feet of office in 36 properties, 2.7 million square feet of retail in 71 properties, 2,018 units in
twelve residential properties, the 1.4 million square foot Hotel Pennsylvania, and our 32.4% interest in Alexander’s, which owns seven
properties in the greater New York metropolitan area.  The New York segment also includes 11 garages totaling 1.7 million square feet
(4,970 spaces) which are managed by, or leased to, third parties.

New York lease terms generally range from five to seven years for smaller tenants to as long as 20 years for major tenants, and may
provide for extension options at market rates.  Leases typically provide for periodic step‑ups in rent over the term of the lease and pass
through to tenants their share of increases in real estate taxes and operating expenses over a base year.  Electricity is provided to tenants
on a sub-metered basis or included in rent based on surveys and adjusted for subsequent utility rate increases.  Leases also typically
provide for free rent and tenant improvement allowances for all or a portion of the tenant’s initial construction costs of its premises.

As of December 31, 2017, the occupancy rate for our New York segment was 97.2%. 

Occupancy and weighted average annual rent per square foot (in service):

Office:

Retail:

As of December 31,

2017
2016
2015
2014
2013

As of December 31,

2017
2016
2015
2014
2013

Total
Property
Square Feet

20,256,000
20,227,000
19,918,000
18,785,000
17,373,000

Total
Property
Square Feet

2,720,000
2,672,000
2,596,000
2,436,000
2,303,000

Vornado's Ownership Interest

Square Feet

Occupancy
Rate

Weighted
Average Annual
Rent Per
Square Foot

16,982,000
16,962,000
16,734,000
15,730,925
14,625,000

97.1% $
96.3%
97.1%
97.7%
96.9%

71.09
68.90
66.42
65.31
61.71

Vornado's Ownership Interest

Square Feet

Occupancy
Rate

Weighted
Average Annual
Rent Per
Square Foot

2,471,000
2,464,000
2,396,000
2,176,000
2,103,225

96.9% $
97.1%
96.1%
96.4%
97.5%

217.17
213.85
202.72
173.55
162.27

Occupancy and average monthly rent per unit (in service):

Residential:

As of December 31,

Number of Units

Number of Units

Vornado's Ownership Interest

Occupancy
Rate

Average Monthly
Rent Per Unit

2017
2016 (1)
2015
2014
2013

2,009

2,004
1,711
1,678
1,672

981

977
886
855
847

96.7% $

95.7%
95.0%
95.2%
94.8%

3,722

3,576
3,495
3,146
2,920

________________________________________
(1)    Includes The Alexander Apartment Tower (32.4% ownership) from the date of stabilization in the third quarter of 2016.

26

 
 
NEW YORK – CONTINUED

Tenants accounting for 2% or more of revenues:

Tenant

IPG and affiliates
Swatch Group USA
AXA Equitable Life Insurance
Macy's
Victoria's Secret

2017 rental revenue by tenants’ industry:

Industry

Office:

Financial Services
Real Estate
Family Apparel
Communications
Advertising/Marketing
Legal Services
Technology
Insurance
Publishing
Government
Engineering, Architect & Surveying
Banking
Home Entertainment & Electronics
Health Services
Pharmaceutical
Other

Women's Apparel
Family Apparel
Luxury Retail
Restaurants
Banking
Department Stores
Discount Stores
Other

Retail:

Total

Square Feet
Leased

2017
Revenues

$

924,000
32,000
481,000
646,000
64,000

58,826,000
56,140,000
41,180,000
41,142,000
34,734,000

Percentage of
New York
Total
Revenues

Percentage
of Total
Revenues

3.3%
3.2%
2.3%
2.3%
2.0%

2.8%
2.7%
2.0%
2.0%
1.7%

Percentage

13%
7%
6%
5%
5%
5%
5%
4%
3%
2%
2%
2%
2%
1%
1%
8%
71%

8%
7%
5%
2%
1%
1%
1%
4%
29%

100%

27

NEW YORK – CONTINUED

Lease expirations as of December 31, 2017, assuming none of the tenants exercise renewal options:

Year

Number of
Expiring Leases

Square Feet of
Expiring Leases

Percentage of
New York Square
Feet

Weighted Average Annual
Rent of Expiring Leases

Total

Per Square Foot

(1)

(2)

$

$

13
89
89
117
122
86
81
82
51
72
57

0.4%
5.5%
4.6%
8.6%
7.1%
4.9%
12.3%
7.9%
4.9%
8.4%
6.1%

73,000
896,000
750,000
1,394,000
1,160,000
792,000
2,001,000
1,292,000
800,000
1,376,000
996,000

3,086,000
66,949,000
51,029,000
96,261,000
85,881,000
48,215,000
152,874,000
101,263,000
58,916,000
101,555,000
68,674,000

Office:
Month to month
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Retail:
Month to month
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
________________________________________
(1) Based on current market conditions, we expect to re-lease this space at weighted average rents between $75 to $80 per square foot.
(2) Excludes 492,000 square feet leased at 909 Third Avenue to the U.S. Post Office through 2038 (including three 5-year renewal options) for which the annual escalated

3,461,000
28,157,000
35,085,000
10,388,000
11,613,000
4,913,000
38,199,000
63,852,000
17,777,000
42,626,000
21,204,000

97,000
96,000
204,000
69,000
67,000
19,000
90,000
155,000
41,000
135,000
31,000

35.68
293.30
171.99
150.55
173.33
258.58
424.43
411.95
433.59
315.75
684.00

5.1%
5.0%
10.6%
3.6%
3.5%
1.0%
4.7%
8.1%
2.1%
7.0%
1.6%

42.27
74.72
68.04
69.05
74.04
60.88
76.40
78.38
73.65
73.80
68.95

19
25
27
19
18
9
16
20
11
18
10

$

$

(3)

rent is $12.31 per square foot.

(3) Based on current market conditions, we expect to re-lease this space at weighted average rents between $270 to $290 per square foot.

Alexander’s

As of December 31, 2017, we own 32.4% of the outstanding common stock of Alexander’s, which owns seven properties in the
greater New York metropolitan area aggregating 2.4 million square feet, including 731 Lexington Avenue, the 1.3 million square foot
Bloomberg L.P. headquarters building.  Alexander’s had $1.24 billion of outstanding debt, net, at December 31, 2017, of which our pro
rata share was $401.8 million, none of which is recourse to us.

Hotel Pennsylvania 

We own the Hotel Pennsylvania which is located in New York City on Seventh Avenue at 33rd Street in the heart of the Penn Plaza
district  and  consists  of  a  hotel  portion  containing  1,000,000  square  feet  of  hotel  space  with  1,700  rooms  and  a  commercial  portion
containing 400,000 square feet of retail and office space.

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

Year Ended December 31,

Hotel Pennsylvania:

Average occupancy rate
Average daily rate
Revenue per available room

$
$

87.3%

139.09
121.46

$
$

84.7%

134.38
113.84

$
$

90.7%

147.46
133.69

$
$

92.0%

162.01
149.04

$
$

93.4%

158.01
147.63

28

 
 
 
 
OTHER INVESTMENTS

theMART

As of December 31, 2017, we own the 3.7 million square foot theMART in Chicago, whose largest tenant is Motorola Mobility at
609,000 square feet, the lease of which is guaranteed by Google.  theMART is encumbered by a $675,000,000 mortgage loan that bears
interest at a fixed rate of 2.70% and matures in September 2021.  As of December 31, 2017, theMART had an occupancy rate of 98.6%
and a weighted average annual rent per square foot of $42.15.

555 California Street

As of December 31, 2017, we own a 70% controlling interest in a three-building office complex containing 1.8 million square feet,
known as the Bank of America Center, located at California and Montgomery Streets in San Francisco’s financial district (“555 California
Street”).  555 California Street is encumbered by a $569,215,000 mortgage loan that bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.10% and matures
in September 2021.  As of December 31, 2017, 555 California Street had an occupancy rate of 94.2% and a weighted average annual rent
per square foot of $73.40.

Vornado Capital Partners Real Estate Fund (the “Fund”) and Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel Joint Venture (the “Crowne
Plaza Joint Venture”)

As of December 31, 2017, we own a 25.0% interest in the Fund which currently has five investments, one of which is the Crowne
Plaza Times Square Hotel in which we also own an additional interest through a joint venture.  We are the general partner and investment
manager of the Fund.  As of December 31, 2017, these five investments are carried on our consolidated balance sheet at an aggregate
fair value of $354,804,000, including the Crowne Plaza Joint Venture.  As of December 31, 2017, our share of unfunded commitments
was $34,502,000.

ITEM 3. 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are from time to time involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, after consultation with
legal counsel, the outcome of such matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations
or cash flows.

ITEM 4. 

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

29

 
PART II

ITEM  5. 

MARKET  FOR  REGISTRANT’S  COMMON  EQUITY,  RELATED  STOCKHOLDER  MATTERS  AND
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Vornado Realty Trust

Vornado’s common shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “VNO.” 

Quarterly high and low sales prices of Vornado’s common shares and dividends paid per common share for the years ended December

31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 2017

Year Ended December 31, 2016

Quarter
1st
2nd
3rd
4th

High

Low

Dividends

High

Low

Dividends

$

$

111.72
103.35
97.25
80.30 (1)

$

98.51
91.18
72.77 (1)
71.90 (1)

$

0.71
0.71
0.60 (1)
0.60 (1)

$

99.97
100.13
108.69
105.91

$

78.91
90.13
97.18
86.35

0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63

____________________
(1) Reflects the July 17, 2017 spin-off of JBG SMITH Properties ("JBGS") (NYSE: JBGS). 

As of February 1, 2018, there were 993 holders of record of Vornado common shares. 

Vornado Realty L.P.

There is no established trading market for the Operating Partnership's Class A units or preferred units. The following table sets forth,

for the periods indicated, the distributions declared on the Operating Partnership's Class A units: 

Quarter
1st
2nd
3rd
4th

____________________
(1) Reflects the July 17, 2017 spin-off of JBG SMITH Properties ("JBGS") (NYSE: JBGS). 

As of February 1, 2018, there were 984 Class A unitholders of record.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

Declared Distributions

Year ended December 31,

2017

2016

$

$

0.71
0.71
0.60 (1)
0.60 (1)

0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63

During 2017, the Operating Partnership issued 1,213,237 Class A units in connection with equity awards issued pursuant to Vornado’s
omnibus share plan, including with respect to grants of restricted Vornado common shares and restricted units of the Operating Partnership
and upon conversion, surrender or exchange of the Operating Partnership’s units or Vornado stock options, and consideration received
included $29,720,215 in cash proceeds. Such units were issued in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended. 

Information relating to compensation plans under which Vornado’s equity securities are authorized for issuance is set forth under

Part III, Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and such information is incorporated by reference herein.

Recent Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance Graph

The following graph is a comparison of the five-year cumulative return of Vornado’s common shares, the Standard & Poor’s 500
Index (the “S&P 500 Index”) and the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts’ (“NAREIT”) All Equity Index, a peer group
index.  The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2012 in our common shares, the S&P 500 Index and the NAREIT
All Equity Index and that all dividends were reinvested without the payment of any commissions.  There can be no assurance that the
performance of our shares will continue in line with the same or similar trends depicted in the graph below.

Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Return

$225

$200

$175

$150

$125

$100

$75

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Vornado Realty Trust

S&P 500 Index

The NAREIT All Equity Index

Vornado Realty Trust

S&P 500 Index

The NAREIT All Equity Index

$

$

100

100

100

$

115

132

103

$

156

151

132

$

150

153

135

$

161

171

147

154

208

160

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

31

 
  
Item 6.  SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Vornado Realty Trust

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

Operating Data:
Revenues:

Property rentals
Tenant expense reimbursements
Cleveland Medical Mart development project
Fee and other income

Total revenues
Expenses:

Operating
Depreciation and amortization
General and administrative
Cleveland Medical Mart development project
Acquisition and transaction related costs

Total expenses
Operating income
Income (loss) from partially owned entities
Income (loss) from real estate fund investments
Interest and other investment income (loss), net
Interest and debt expense
Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially 

owned assets

Income (loss) before income taxes
Income tax (expense) benefit
Income (loss) from continuing operations
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
Net income

Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in:

Consolidated subsidiaries

Operating Partnership

Net income attributable to Vornado
Preferred share dividends
Preferred unit and share redemptions
Net income attributable to common shareholders

Per Share Data:

Income (loss) from continuing operations, net - basic
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net - diluted
Net income per common share - basic
Net income per common share - diluted
Dividends per common share

$

$

$

2017

1,714,952
233,424
—
135,750
2,084,126

886,596
429,389
158,999
—
1,776
1,476,760
607,366
15,200
3,240
37,793
(345,654)

501

318,446
(41,090)
277,356
(13,228)
264,128

(25,802)

(10,910)

227,416
(65,399)
—
162,017

0.92
0.91
0.85
0.85
2.62 (1)

Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets
Real estate, at cost
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
Debt, net
Total equity
____________________
(1) Post spin-off of JBG SMITH Properties (NYSE: JBGS) on July 17, 2017.
(2) Post spin-off of Urban Edge Properties (NYSE: UE) on January 15, 2015.

$

17,397,934
14,756,295
(2,885,283)
9,729,487
5,007,701

Year Ended December 31,
2015

2016

2014

2013

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,662,093
221,563
—
120,086
2,003,742

844,566
421,023
149,550
—
9,451
1,424,590
579,152
168,948
(23,602)
29,548
(330,240)

160,433

584,239
(7,229)
577,010
404,912
981,922

(21,351)

(53,654)

906,917
(75,903)
(7,408)
823,606

2.35
2.34
4.36
4.34
2.52

20,814,847
14,187,820
(2,581,514)
9,446,670
7,618,496

1,626,866
218,739
—
139,890
1,985,495

824,511
379,803
149,256
—
12,511
1,366,081
619,414
(9,947)
74,081
27,240
(309,298)

149,417

550,907
85,012
635,919
223,511
859,430

(55,765)

(43,231)

760,434
(80,578)
—
679,856

2.49
2.48
3.61
3.59
2.52 (2)

21,143,293
13,545,295
(2,356,728)
9,095,670
7,476,078

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,460,391
203,120
—
128,657
1,792,168

768,341
351,583
141,931
—
18,435
1,280,290
511,878
(58,484)
163,034
38,569
(337,360)

13,568

331,205
(9,039)
322,166
686,860
1,009,026

(96,561)

(47,613)

864,852
(81,464)
—
783,388

0.73
0.72
4.18
4.15
2.92

21,157,980
12,438,940
(2,209,778)
7,557,877
7,489,382

1,422,828
184,161
36,369
132,340
1,775,698

748,010
337,139
150,306
32,210
24,857
1,292,522
483,176
(336,292)
102,898
(25,016)
(323,505)

2,030

(96,709)
(5,314)
(102,023)
666,763
564,740

(63,952)

(24,817)

475,971
(82,807)
(1,130)
392,034

(1.25)
(1.25)
2.10
2.09
2.92

20,018,210
11,149,920
(1,958,132)
6,830,994
7,594,744

32

Item 6.  SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA – CONTINUED

Vornado Realty Trust

(Amounts in thousands)

Other Data:
Funds From Operations ("FFO")(1):

2017

Year Ended December 31,
2015

2014

2016

2013

Net income attributable to common shareholders

$

162,017

$

823,606

$

679,856

$

783,388

$

392,034

FFO adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization of real property
Net gains on sale of real estate
Real estate impairment losses
Proportionate share of adjustments to equity in net income

(loss) of partially owned entities to arrive at FFO:

Depreciation and amortization of real property
Net gains on sale of real estate
Real estate impairment losses
Income tax effect of above adjustments

Noncontrolling interests' share of above adjustments
FFO adjustments, net

FFO attributable to common shareholders
Convertible preferred share dividends
Earnings allocated to Out-Performance Plan units

FFO attributable to common shareholders plus assumed

conversions(1)

467,966
(3,489)
—

137,000
(17,777)
7,692
—
591,392
(36,728)
554,664

716,681
77
1,047

531,620
(177,023)
160,700

514,085
(289,117)
256

517,493
(507,192)
26,518

501,753
(411,593)
37,170

154,795
(2,853)
6,328
—
673,567
(41,267)
632,300

143,960
(4,513)
16,758
—
381,429
(22,342)
359,087

1,455,906
86
1,591

1,038,943
92
—

117,766
(11,580)
—
(7,287)
135,718
(8,073)
127,645

911,033
97
—

157,270
(465)
6,552
(26,703)
263,984
(15,089)
248,895

640,929
108
—

$

717,805

$

1,457,583

$

1,039,035

$

911,130

$

641,037

________________________________________
(1) FFO is computed in accordance with the definition adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”).
NAREIT defines FFO as GAAP net income or loss adjusted to exclude net gains from sales of depreciated real estate assets, real estate impairment losses, depreciation
and amortization expense from real estate assets and other specified non-cash items, including the pro rata share of such adjustments of unconsolidated subsidiaries.
FFO and FFO per diluted share are non-GAAP financial measures used by management, investors and analysts to facilitate meaningful comparisons of operating
performance between periods and among our peers because it excludes the effect of real estate depreciation and amortization and net gains on sales, which are based
on historical costs and implicitly assume that the value of real estate diminishes predictably over time, rather than fluctuating based on existing market conditions.
FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities and is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash requirements and should not be
considered as an alternative to net income as a performance measure or cash flow as a liquidity measure.  FFO may not be comparable to similarly titled measures
employed by other companies.

33

Item 6.  SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA – CONTINUED

Vornado Realty L.P.

(Amounts in thousands)

Operating Data:
Revenues:

Property rentals
Tenant expense reimbursements
Cleveland Medical Mart development project
Fee and other income

Total revenues
Expenses:

Operating
Depreciation and amortization
General and administrative
Cleveland Medical Mart development project
Acquisition and transaction related costs

Total expenses
Operating income
Income (loss) from partially owned entities
Income (loss) from real estate fund investments
Interest and other investment income (loss), net
Interest and debt expense
Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially

owned assets

Income (loss) before income taxes
Income tax (expense) benefit
Income (loss) from continuing operations
(Loss) income from discontinued operations
Net income
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in

consolidated subsidiaries

Net income attributable to Vornado Realty L.P.
Preferred unit distributions
Preferred unit redemptions
Net income attributable to Class A unitholders

Per Unit Data:

Income (loss) from continuing operations, net - basic
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net - diluted
Net income per Class A unit - basic
Net income per Class A unit - diluted
Distributions per Class A unit

Balance Sheet Data:

Total assets
Real estate, at cost
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
Debt, net
Total equity

2017

Year Ended December 31,
2015

2016

2014

2013

$

$

$

$

1,714,952
233,424
—
135,750
2,084,126

886,596
429,389
158,999
—
1,776
1,476,760
607,366
15,200
3,240
37,793
(345,654)

501

318,446
(41,090)
277,356
(13,228)
264,128

(25,802)

238,326
(65,593)
—
172,733

0.91
0.90
0.84
0.83
2.62 (1)

17,397,934
14,756,295
(2,885,283)
9,729,487
5,007,701

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,662,093
221,563
—
120,086
2,003,742

844,566
421,023
149,550
—
9,451
1,424,590
579,152
168,948
(23,602)
29,548
(330,240)

160,433

584,239
(7,229)
577,010
404,912
981,922

(21,351)

960,571
(76,097)
(7,408)
877,066

2.34
2.32
4.36
4.32
2.52

20,814,847
14,187,820
(2,581,514)
9,446,670
7,618,496

1,626,866
218,739
—
139,890
1,985,495

824,511
379,803
149,256
—
12,511
1,366,081
619,414
(9,947)
74,081
27,240
(309,298)

149,417

550,907
85,012
635,919
223,511
859,430

(55,765)

803,665
(80,736)
—
722,929

2.49
2.46
3.61
3.57
2.52 (2)

21,143,293
13,545,295
(2,356,728)
9,095,670
7,476,078

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1,460,391
203,120
—
128,657
1,792,168

768,341
351,583
141,931
—
18,435
1,280,290
511,878
(58,484)
163,034
38,569
(337,360)

13,568

331,205
(9,039)
322,166
686,860
1,009,026

(96,561)

912,465
(81,514)
—
830,951

0.71
0.70
4.17
4.14
2.92

21,157,980
12,438,940
(2,209,778)
7,557,877
7,489,382

1,422,828
184,161
36,369
132,340
1,775,698

748,010
337,139
150,306
32,210
24,857
1,292,522
483,176
(336,292)
102,898
(25,016)
(323,505)

2,030

(96,709)
(5,314)
(102,023)
666,763
564,740

(63,952)

500,788
(83,965)
(1,130)
415,693

(1.27)
(1.26)
2.09
2.08
2.92

20,018,210
11,149,920
(1,958,132)
6,830,994
7,594,744

________________________________________
(1) Post spin-off of JBG SMITH (NYSE: JBGS) on July 17, 2017.
(2) Post spin-off of Urban Edge Properties (NYSE: UE) on January 15, 2015.

34

ITEM 7. 

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS

Overview

Overview - Leasing activity

Critical Accounting Policies

Net Operating Income by Segment for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Results of Operations:

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016

Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to December 31, 2015

Supplemental Information:

Net Operating Income by Segment for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016

Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to September 30, 2017

Related Party Transactions

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Financing Activities and Contractual Obligations

Certain Future Cash Requirements

Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2017

Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2016

Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2015

Funds From Operations for the Three Months and Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

Page Number

36

44

47

50

53

60

67

70

75

77

78

79

81

85

87

89

91

35

Overview

Vornado Realty Trust (“Vornado”) is a fully‑integrated real estate investment trust (“REIT”) and conducts its business through, and
substantially all of its interests in properties are held by, Vornado Realty L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”).
Accordingly, Vornado’s cash flow and ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is dependent upon the cash flow of the Operating
Partnership and the ability of its direct and indirect subsidiaries to first satisfy their obligations to creditors.  Vornado is the sole general
partner of, and owned approximately 93.5% of the common limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership as of December 31,
2017.  All references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean collectively Vornado, the Operating Partnership and those entities/
subsidiaries consolidated by Vornado.

On July 17, 2017, we completed the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment comprised of (i) 37 office properties totaling over 11.1
million square feet, five multifamily properties with 3,133 units and five other assets totaling approximately 406,000 square feet and (ii)
18 future development assets totaling over 10.4 million square feet of estimated potential development density, and (iii) $412.5 million
of cash ($275.0 million plus The Bartlett financing proceeds less transaction costs and other mortgage items) to JBG SMITH Properties
(“JBGS”).  On  July 18,  2017,  JBGS  was  combined  with  the  management  business  and  certain  Washington,  DC  assets  of  The  JBG
Companies (“JBG”), a Washington, DC real estate company. Steven Roth, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive
Officer of Vornado, is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of JBGS. Mitchell Schear, former President of our Washington, DC business,
is a member of the Board of Trustees of JBGS. We are providing transition services to JBGS initially including information technology,
financial reporting and payroll services. The spin-off was effected through a tax-free distribution by Vornado to the holders of Vornado
common shares of all of the common shares of JBGS at the rate of one JBGS common share for every two common shares of Vornado
and the distribution by the Operating Partnership to the holders of its common units of all of the outstanding common units of JBG SMITH
Properties LP (“JBGSLP”) at the rate of one JBGSLP common unit for every two common units of VRLP held of record. See JBGS’
Amendment No. 3 on Form 10 (File No. 1-37994) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 9, 2017 for additional
information. Beginning in the third quarter of 2017, the historical financial results of our Washington, DC segment are reflected in our
consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for all periods presented.

We own and operate office and retail properties with a large concentration in the New York City metropolitan area. In addition, we
have  a  32.4%  interest  in Alexander’s,  Inc.  (“Alexander’s”)  (NYSE: ALX),  which  owns  seven  properties  in  the  greater  New  York
metropolitan area, a 32.5% interest in Toys “R” Us, Inc. (“Toys”) as well as interests in other real estate and related investments.

Our business objective is to maximize Vornado shareholder value, which we measure by the total return provided to our shareholders.
Below is a table comparing Vornado’s performance to the FTSE NAREIT Office Index (“Office REIT”) and the MSCI US REIT Index
(“MSCI”) for the following periods ended December 31, 2017:

Three-month
One-year
Three-year
Five-year
Ten-year

____________________

Vornado

Total Return(1)
Office REIT

MSCI

2.5 %
(4.3)%
(1.4)%
54.3 %
75.7 %

4.3%
5.3%
19.5%
58.7%
70.1%

1.4%
5.1%
17.0%
56.3%
105.1%

(1) Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future performance.

36

 
 
 
Overview - continued

We intend to achieve this objective by continuing to pursue our investment philosophy and execute our operating strategies through:

• maintaining a superior team of operating and investment professionals and an entrepreneurial spirit;
•

investing in properties in select markets, such as New York City, where we believe there is a high likelihood of capital
appreciation;
acquiring quality properties at a discount to replacement cost and where there is a significant potential for higher rents;
investing in retail properties in select under-stored locations such as the New York City metropolitan area;
developing and redeveloping our existing properties to increase returns and maximize value; and
investing in operating companies that have a significant real estate component.

•
•
•
•

We expect to finance our growth, acquisitions and investments using internally generated funds, proceeds from asset sales and by
accessing the public and private capital markets.  We may also offer Vornado common or preferred shares or Operating Partnership units
in exchange for property and may repurchase or otherwise reacquire these securities in the future.

We compete with a large number of real estate property owners and developers, some of which may be willing to accept lower returns
on their investments. Principal factors of competition are rents charged, sales prices, attractiveness of location, the quality of the property
and the breadth and the quality of services provided. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends of the global, national,
regional and local economies, the financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants and customers, availability
and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations, legislation, population and employment trends.
See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A for additional information regarding these factors.

Vornado Realty Trust

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Financial Results Summary

Net income attributable to common shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $162,017,000, or $0.85 per diluted
share, compared to $823,606,000, or $4.34 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2016.  The years ended December 31,
2017 and 2016 include certain items that impact net income attributable to common shareholders, which are listed in the table on the
following page.  The aggregate of these items, net of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, decreased net income attributable
to common shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2017 by $88,934,000, or $0.46 per diluted share, and increased net income
attributable to common shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2016 by $594,447,000, or $3.13 per diluted share.

Funds From Operations attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversions (“FFO”) for the year ended December 31,
2017 was $717,805,000, or $3.75 per diluted share, compared to $1,457,583,000, or $7.66 per diluted share, for the year ended December
31, 2016.  The years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 include certain items that impact FFO, which are listed in the table on page 39.
The aggregate of these items, net of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, increased FFO by $3,989,000 and $774,188,000,
or $0.02 and $4.07 per diluted share, for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

37

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Overview - continued

Vornado Realty Trust – continued

Quarter Ended December 31, 2017 Financial Results Summary

Net income attributable to common shareholders for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 was $27,319,000, or $0.14 per diluted
share, compared to $651,181,000, or $3.43 per diluted share, for the prior year’s quarter.  The quarters ended December 31, 2017 and
2016 include certain items that impact net income attributable to common shareholders, which are listed in the table below.  The aggregate
of these items, net of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, decreased net income attributable to common shareholders for the
quarter ended December 31, 2017 by $38,160,000, or $0.20 per diluted share, and increased net income attributable to common shareholders
for the quarter ended December 31, 2016 by $573,414,000, or $3.02 per diluted share.

FFO for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 was $153,151,000, or $0.80 per diluted share, compared to $797,734,000, or $4.20
per diluted share, for the prior year’s quarter.  The quarters ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 include certain items that impact FFO,
which are listed in the table on the following page.  The aggregate of these items, net of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests,
decreased FFO for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 by $34,402,000, or $0.18 per diluted share and increased FFO for the quarter
ended December 31, 2016 by $604,495,000, or $3.18 per diluted share.

(Amounts in thousands)

Certain items that impact net income attributable to common shareholders:

JBG SMITH Properties which is treated as a discontinued operation:

Transaction costs

Operating results through July 17, 2017 spin-off

Impairment loss on our investment in Pennsylvania REIT

Tax expense related to the reduction of our taxable REIT subsidiaries deferred tax

assets

666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (49.5% interest)(1)

Net gain resulting from Urban Edge Properties operating partnership unit issuances

Our share of net gain on sale of property of Suffolk Downs JV

Net gain on repayment of Suffolk Downs JV debt investments

(Loss) income from real estate fund investments, net

Expense related to the prepayment of our 2.50% senior unsecured notes due 2019

Our share of write-off of deferred financing costs

Net gain on extinguishment of Skyline properties debt

Income from the repayment of our investments in 85 Tenth Avenue loans and

preferred equity

Skyline properties impairment loss

Net gain on sale of 47% ownership interest in 7 West 34th Street

Gain on sale of our 20% interest in Fairfax Square

Our share of impairment on India non-depreciable real estate

Default interest on Skyline properties mortgage loan

Preferred share issuance costs (Series J redemption)

Other

Noncontrolling interests' share of above adjustments

Total of certain items that impact net (loss) income attributable to common

shareholders, net

For the Year Ended
December 31,

For the Three Months Ended
December 31,

2017

2016

2017

2016

$

(68,662) $

(16,586) $

(1,617) $

(11,989)

47,752

(20,910)

(44,465)

(34,800)

(25,414)

21,100

15,314

11,373

(10,804)

(4,836)

(3,819)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,060

(95,201)

6,267

87,237

70,651

—

—

(41,532)

—

—

—

(21,042)

—

—

487,877

160,843

(160,700)

159,511

15,302

(13,962)

(7,823)

(7,408)

(8,298)

633,419

(38,972)

—

(1,617)

—

(34,800)

(3,042)

—

—

—

529

(4,836)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

3,084

(40,682)

2,522

20,523

8,534

—

—

(7,869)

—

—

—

(34,704)

—

—

487,877

160,843

—

—

15,302

(13,962)

(2,480)

—

(2,942)

610,599

(37,185)

$

(88,934) $

594,447

$

(38,160) $

573,414

________________________________________
(1)

Included in "certain items that impact net income" because we do not intend to hold this asset on a long-term basis.

38

 
 
Overview - continued

Vornado Realty Trust – continued

(Amounts in thousands)

Certain items that impact FFO:

JBG SMITH Properties which is treated as a discontinued operation:

Transaction costs

Operating results through July 17, 2017 spin-off

Impairment loss on our investment in Pennsylvania REIT

Tax expense related to the reduction of our taxable REIT subsidiaries deferred tax

assets

Net gain resulting from Urban Edge Properties operating partnership unit issuances
666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (49.5% interest)(1)

Net gain on repayment of our Suffolk Downs JV debt investments

(Loss) income from real estate fund investments, net

Expense related to the prepayment of our 2.50% senior unsecured notes due 2019

Our share of write-off of deferred financing costs

Net gain on extinguishment of Skyline properties debt

Income from the repayment of our investments in 85 Tenth Avenue loans and

preferred equity

Our share of impairment on India non-depreciable real estate

Preferred share issuance costs (Series J redemption)

Other

Noncontrolling interests' share of above adjustments

Total certain items that impact FFO, net

For the Year Ended
December 31,

For the Three Months Ended
December 31,

2017

2016

2017

2016

$

(68,662) $

(16,586) $

(1,617) $

(11,989)

122,201

53,539

(44,465)

(34,800)

21,100

13,164

11,373

(10,804)

(4,836)

(3,819)

—

—

—

—

3,801

4,253

(264)

226,288

209,702

—

—

—

10,925

—

(21,042)

—

—

487,877

160,843

(13,962)

(7,408)

(2,454)

824,481

(50,293)

—

(1,617)

—

(34,800)

—

1,103

—

529

(4,836)

—

—

—

—

—

2,945

(36,676)

2,274

$

3,989

$

774,188

$

(34,402) $

57,147

45,158

—

—

—

808

—

(34,704)

—

—

487,877

160,843

(13,962)

—

(2,324)

643,696

(39,201)

604,495

________________________________________
(1)

Included in "certain items that impact FFO" because we do not intend to hold this asset on a long-term basis.

Vornado Realty L.P.

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Financial Results Summary

Net income attributable to Class A unitholders for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $172,733,000, or $0.83 per diluted Class
A unit, compared to $877,066,000, or $4.32 per diluted Class A unit, for the year ended December 31, 2016.   The year ended December
31, 2017 and 2016 include certain items that impact net income attributable to Class A unitholders which are listed in the table on the
following page.  The aggregate of these items decreased net income attributable to Class A unitholders by $95,201,000, or $0.47 per
diluted Class A unit, for the year ended December 31, 2017 and increased net income attributable to Class A unitholders by $633,419,000,
or $3.14 per diluted Class A unit, for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Quarter Ended December 31, 2017 Financial Results Summary

Net income attributable to Class A unitholders for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 was $29,123,000, or $0.14 per diluted Class
A unit, compared to $693,377,000, or $3.43 per diluted Class A unit, for the prior year’s quarter.  The quarters ended December 31, 2017
and 2016 include certain items that impact net income attributable to Class A unitholders, which are listed in the table on the following
page.  The aggregate of these items decreased net income attributable to Class A unitholders by $40,682,000, or $0.20 per diluted Class
A unit, for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 and increased net income attributable to Class A unitholders by $610,599,000, or $3.02
per diluted Class A unit, for the quarter ended December 31, 2016.

39

 
 
 
 
 
Overview - continued

Vornado Realty L.P. – continued

(Amounts in thousands)

Certain items that impact net income attributable to Class A unitholders:

JBG SMITH Properties which is treated as a discontinued operation:

Transaction costs

Operating results through July 17, 2017 spin-off

Impairment loss on our investment in Pennsylvania REIT

Tax expense related to the reduction of our taxable REIT subsidiaries deferred tax

assets

666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (49.5% interest)(1)

Net gain resulting from Urban Edge Properties operating partnership unit issuances

Our share of net gain on sale of property of Suffolk Downs JV

Net gain on repayment of Suffolk Downs JV debt investments

(Loss) income from real estate fund investments, net

Expense related to the prepayment of our 2.50% senior unsecured notes due 2019

Our share of write-off of deferred financing costs

Net gain on extinguishment of Skyline properties debt

Income from the repayment of our investments in 85 Tenth Avenue loans and

preferred equity

Skyline properties impairment loss

Net gain on sale of 47% ownership interest in 7 West 34th Street

Gain on sale of our 20% interest in Fairfax Square

Our share of impairment on India non-depreciable real estate

Default interest on Skyline properties mortgage loan

Preferred unit issuance costs (Series J redemption)

Other

For the Year Ended
December 31,

For the Three Months Ended
December 31,

2017

2016

2017

2016

$

(68,662) $

(16,586) $

(1,617) $

(11,989)

47,752

(20,910)

(44,465)

(34,800)

(25,414)

21,100

15,314

11,373

(10,804)

(4,836)

(3,819)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,060

87,237

70,651

—

—

(41,532)

—

—

—

(21,042)

—

—

487,877

160,843

(160,700)

159,511

15,302

(13,962)

(7,823)

(7,408)

(8,298)

—

(1,617)

—

(34,800)

(3,042)

—

—

—

529

(4,836)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

3,084

20,523

8,534

—

—

(7,869)

—

—

—

(34,704)

—

—

487,877

160,843

—

—

15,302

(13,962)

(2,480)

—

(2,942)

________________________________________
(1)

Included in "certain items that impact net income" because we do not intend to hold this asset on a long-term basis.

$

(95,201) $

633,419

$

(40,682) $

610,599

40

Overview - continued

Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

Same Store Net Operating Income ("NOI")

The percentage increase (decrease) in same store NOI and same store NOI - cash basis of our New York segment, theMART and

555 California Street are summarized below.

Same store NOI at share % increase (decrease):

Year ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016

Year ended December 31, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015

Three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016

Three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to September 30, 2017

Same store NOI at share - cash basis  % increase (decrease):

Year ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016

Year ended December 31, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015

Three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016

Three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to September 30, 2017

New York

theMART

555 California
Street

2.7%

6.4%

2.8%

1.8%

11.3%

8.5%

7.0%

1.7%

4.2 % (1)
14.0 % (2)
7.1 %
(7.1)% (3)

7.6 % (1)
12.4 % (2)
13.7 %
(4.4)% (3)

1.9 %

(9.3)%

10.4 %

4.2 %

36.0 %

(12.2)%

32.4 %

9.4 %

________________________________________
(1) The year ended December 31, 2016 includes a $2,000,000 reversal of an expense accrued in 2015. Excluding this amount, same store NOI increased by 6.4% and

same store NOI - cash basis increased by 10.0%.

(2) The year ended December 31, 2016 includes a $2,000,000 reversal of an expense accrued in 2015. Excluding this amount, same store NOI increased by 11.7% and

same store NOI - cash basis increased by 9.9%.

(3) Excluding tradeshows seasonality, same store NOI increased by 0.3% and same store NOI - cash basis increased by 3.9%.

Calculations of same store NOI, reconciliations of our net income to NOI, NOI - cash basis and FFO and the reasons we consider
these non-GAAP financial measures useful are provided in the following pages of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of the Financial
Condition and Results of Operations.

41

 
 
Overview - continued

Acquisitions

In September 2016, our 50.1% joint venture with the Related Companies (“Related”) was designated by Empire State Development
(“ESD”), an entity of New York State, to redevelop the historic Farley Post Office building. The building will include a new Moynihan
Train Hall and approximately 850,000 rentable square feet of commercial space, comprised of approximately 730,000 square feet of
office space and approximately 120,000 square feet of retail space. On June 15, 2017, the joint venture closed a 99-year, triple-net lease
with ESD for the commercial space at the Moynihan Office Building and made a $230,000,000 upfront contribution, of which our share
is $115,230,000, towards the construction of the train hall. The lease calls for annual rent payments of $5,000,000 plus payments in lieu
of real estate taxes. Simultaneously, the joint venture completed a $271,000,000 loan facility, of which $210,269,000 is outstanding at
December 31, 2017. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 3.25% (4.64% at December 31, 2017) and matures in June 2019 with two
one-year extension options.

The joint venture has also entered into a development agreement with ESD and a design-build contract with Skanska Moynihan
Train Hall Builders. Under the development agreement with ESD, the joint venture is obligated to build the Moynihan Train Hall, with
Vornado and Related each guaranteeing the joint venture’s obligations. Under the design-build agreement, Skanska Moynihan Train Hall
Builders is obligated to fulfill all of the joint venture’s obligations. The obligations of Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders have been
bonded by Skanska USA and bears a full guaranty from Skanska AB. 

Dispositions

On May 26, 2017, Sterling Suffolk Racecourse, LLC ("Suffolk Downs JV"), a joint venture in which we have a 21.2% equity interest,
sold the property comprising the Suffolk Downs racetrack in East Boston, Massachusetts (“Suffolk Downs”) for $155,000,000, which
resulted in net proceeds and a net gain to us of $15,314,000. In addition, we were repaid $29,318,000 of principal and $6,129,000 of
accrued interest on our debt investments in Suffolk Downs JV, resulting in a net gain of $11,373,000. 

On September 29, 2017, Vornado Capital Partners Real Estate Fund (the "Fund"), in which we have a 25.0% ownership interest,
completed the sale of 800 Corporate Pointe in Culver City, CA for $148,000,000.  From the inception of this investment through its
disposition, the Fund realized a $35,620,000 net gain.  

During 2017, India Property Fund, in which we had a 36.5% interest, sold its investments. Our share of the aggregate sales price
was approximately $23,895,000 which resulted in a financial statement loss of $533,000. In addition, on December 28, 2017, we sold
our 25% interest in TCG Urban Infrastructure Holdings Private Limited for $18,742,000 which resulted in a financial statement gain of
$1,885,000, which substantially completes the disposition of our investments in India.

Financings

Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility

On October 17, 2017, we extended one of our two $1.25 billion unsecured revolving credit facilities from November 2018 to January
2022 with two six-month extension options. The interest rate on the extended facility was lowered from LIBOR plus 1.05% to LIBOR
plus 1.00%. The interest rate and facility fees are the same as our other $1.25 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, which matures
in February 2021 with two six-month extension options. 

Senior Unsecured Notes

On December 27, 2017, we completed a public offering of $450,000,000 3.50% senior unsecured notes due January 15, 2025.  The
interest rate on the senior unsecured notes will be payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15, commencing July 15, 2018.  The
notes were sold at 99.596% of their face amount to yield 3.565%. 

On December 27, 2017, we redeemed all of the $450,000,000 principal amount of our outstanding 2.50% senior unsecured notes
which were scheduled to mature on June 30, 2019, at a redemption price of approximately 100.71% of the principal amount plus accrued
interest  through  the  date  of  redemption.  In  connection  therewith,  we  expensed  $4,836,000  of  debt  prepayment  costs  and  wrote-off
unamortized deferred financing costs which are included in "interest and debt expense" on our consolidated statements of income. 

42

 
 
Overview - continued

Financings - continued

Preferred Securities

In December 2017, we sold 12,780,000 5.25% Series M cumulative redeemable preferred shares at a price of $25.00 per share in an
underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement.  We received aggregate net proceeds of $309,609,000, after
underwriters’ discounts and issuance costs and contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 12,780,000
5.25% Series M preferred units (with economic terms that mirror those of the Series M preferred shares).  Dividends on the Series M
preferred shares/units are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears.  The Series M preferred shares/units are not convertible into, or
exchangeable for, any of our properties or securities.  On or after five years from the date of issuance (or sooner under limited circumstances),
we may redeem the Series M preferred shares/units at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends through
the date of redemption. The Series M preferred shares/units have no maturity date and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed
by us. 

In December 2017, we called for redemption of all of the outstanding 6.625% Series G and 6.625% Series I cumulative redeemable
preferred shares/units.  As a result, as of December 31, 2017, we reclassed the 6.625% Series G and 6.625% Series I cumulative redeemable
preferred shares/units from shareholder's equity/partner's capital to liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. On January 4, 2018,
we redeemed all of the outstanding 6.625% Series G cumulative redeemable preferred shares/units at their redemption price of $25.00
per share/unit, or $200,000,000 in the aggregate, plus accrued and unpaid dividends/distributions through the date of redemption.  On
January 4 and 11, 2018, we redeemed 6,000,000 shares/units and 4,800,000 shares/units, respectively, representing all of the outstanding
6.625% Series I cumulative redeemable preferred shares/units at their redemption price of $25.00 per share/unit, or $270,000,000 in the
aggregate, plus accrued and unpaid dividends/distributions through the date of redemption.  Upon redemption of both series, we expensed
$14,486,000 of issuance costs, which will be included in the quarter ended March 31, 2018 consolidated statements of income. 

Other Activities

On May 9, 2017, a $150,000,000 mezzanine loan owned by a joint venture in which we had a 33.3% ownership interest was repaid

at its maturity and we received our $50,000,000 share. The mezzanine loan earned interest at LIBOR plus 9.42%.  

On  June 1,  2017, Alexander’s,  Inc.  (NYSE: ALX),  in  which  we  have  a  32.4%  ownership  interest,  completed  a  $500,000,000
refinancing of the office portion of 731 Lexington Avenue. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 0.90% (2.38% at December 31, 2017)
and matures in June 2020 with four one-year extension options. In connection therewith, Alexander’s purchased an interest rate cap with
a notional amount of $500,000,000 that caps LIBOR at a rate of 6.00%. The property was previously encumbered by a $300,000,000
interest-only mortgage at LIBOR plus 0.95% which was scheduled to mature in March 2021. 

On June 15, 2017, the joint venture, in which we have a 50.1% interest, completed a $271,000,000 loan facility for the Moynihan
Office Building, of which $210,269,000 is outstanding at December 31, 2017. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 3.25% (4.64% at
December 31, 2017) and matures in June 2019 with two one-year extension options.  

On June 20, 2017, we completed a $220,000,000 financing of The Bartlett residential building. The five-year interest-only loan is
at LIBOR plus 1.70%, and matures in June 2022. On July 17, 2017, the property, the loan and the $217,000,000 of net proceeds were
transferred to JBGS in connection with the tax-free spin-off of our Washington, DC segment. 

On July 17, 2017, prior to completion of the tax-free spin-off of our Washington, DC segment, we repaid the $43,581,000 LIBOR
plus 1.25% mortgage encumbering 1700 and 1730 M Street which was scheduled to mature in August 2017. The unencumbered property
was then transferred to JBGS in connection with the tax-free spin-off of our Washington, DC segment. 

On July 19, 2017, the joint venture, in which we have a 25.0% interest, completed a $500,000,000 refinancing of 330 Madison
Avenue, an 845,000 square foot Manhattan office building. The seven-year interest-only loan matures in August 2024 and has a fixed
rate of 3.43%. Our share of net proceeds, after repayment of the existing $150,000,000 LIBOR plus 1.30% mortgage and closing costs,
was approximately $85,000,000. 

On July 27, 2017, the Fund completed a $100,000,000 loan facility for the refinancing of 1100 Lincoln Road, a 130,000 square foot
retail and theater property in Miami, Florida. The loan is interest-only at LIBOR plus 2.40%  (3.76% at December 31, 2017), matures in
July 2020 with two one-year extension options.  At closing, the fund drew $82,750,000, and subject to property performance, may borrow
up to $17,250,000 of additional proceeds within the first 18 months of the loan term. The property was previously encumbered by a
$66,000,000 interest-only mortgage at LIBOR plus 2.25% which was scheduled to mature in August 2017. 

43

 
Overview - continued

Other Activities - continued

On August 23, 2017, the joint venture, in which we have a 50.0% interest, completed a $1.2 billion refinancing of 280 Park Avenue,
a 1,250,000 square foot Manhattan office building.  The loan is interest-only at LIBOR plus 1.73% (3.16% at December 31, 2017) and
matures in September 2019 with five one-year extension options. Our share of net proceeds, after repayment of the existing $900,000,000
LIBOR plus 2.00% mortgage and closing costs, was approximately $140,000,000. 

On December 13, 2017, the joint venture, in which we have a 50.0% interest, completed a $20,000,000 refinancing of 50 West 57th
Street, an 81,000 square foot Manhattan office building. The loan is interest-only at LIBOR plus 1.60% (3.06% at December 31, 2017)
and matures in December 2022. The new loan replaced the existing $20,000,000 mortgage which had a fixed rate of 3.50%. 

44

Overview - continued

Leasing Activity

The leasing activity and related statistics in the tables below are based on leases signed during the period and are not intended to
coincide with the commencement of rental revenue in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (“GAAP”).  Second generation relet space represents square footage that has not been vacant for more than nine months and
tenant improvements and leasing commissions are based on our share of square feet leased during the period.

(Square feet in thousands)

New York

Office

Retail

theMART

555 California Street

Quarter Ended December 31, 2017:

Total square feet leased
Our share of square feet leased

Initial rent(1)
Weighted average lease term (years)
Second generation relet space:

Square feet
GAAP basis:

Straight-line rent(2)
Prior straight-line rent
Percentage increase

Cash basis:

Initial rent(1)
Prior escalated rent
Percentage increase

Tenant improvements and leasing commissions:

Per square foot
Per square foot per annum:

Percentage of initial rent

Year Ended December 31, 2017:

Total square feet leased
Our share of square feet leased

Initial rent(1)
Weighted average lease term (years)
Second generation relet space:

Square feet
GAAP basis:

Straight-line rent(2)
Prior straight-line rent
Percentage increase

Cash basis:

Initial rent(1)

Prior escalated rent
Percentage increase

Tenant improvements and leasing commissions:

Per square foot
Per square foot per annum:

Percentage of initial rent

____________________
See notes on the following page.

$

$
$

$
$

$
$

$

$
$

$
$

$
$

39
29
412.74
11.4

17

205.33
123.24

66.6%

181.52
117.40

54.6%

332.74
29.19

7.1%

126
97
318.67
7.6

61

171.74
135.81

26.5%

159.53
127.18

25.4%

209.76
27.60

8.7%

$

$
$

$
$

$
$

$

$
$

$
$

$
$

118
118
46.13
6.1

112

46.83
39.12
19.7%

46.23
42.50

8.8%

17.79
2.92
6.3%

345
345
47.60
6.6

319

47.93
38.04
26.0%

47.55
40.77
16.6%

33.86
5.13
10.8%

$

$
$

$
$

$
$

$

$
$

$
$

$
$

153
107
95.73
5.3

106

101.46
80.09
26.7%

97.45
87.40
11.5%

41.94
7.91
8.3%

285
200
88.42
7.2

152

99.53
80.15
24.2%

94.14
84.76
11.1%

74.38
10.33
11.7%

319
281
76.07
7.0

205

75.85
70.69

7.3%

78.02
72.98

6.9%

71.35
10.19
13.4%

1,867
1,469
78.72
8.1

1,018

74.28
65.85
12.8%

76.03
69.19

9.9%

73.97
9.13
11.6%

$

$
$

$
$

$
$

$

$
$

$
$

$
$

45

 
 
Overview - continued

Leasing Activity – continued

(Square feet in thousands)

Year Ended December 31, 2016:

Total square feet leased
Our share of square feet leased:

Initial rent(1)
Weighted average lease term (years)
Second generation relet space:
Square feet

GAAP basis:

Straight-line rent(2)
Prior straight-line rent
Percentage increase
Percentage increase inclusive of 3 square foot

Dyson lease at 640 Fifth Avenue

Cash basis:

Initial rent(1)
Prior escalated rent
Percentage increase
Percentage increase inclusive of 3 square foot

Dyson lease at 640 Fifth Avenue

Tenant improvements and leasing commissions:

Per square foot
Per square foot per annum:

Percentage of initial rent

$

$
$

$
$

$
$

New York

Office

Retail

theMART

555 California Street

2,241
1,842
72.56
8.8

1,667

71.52
59.75
19.7%

71.82
61.62
16.6%

64.44
7.32
10.1%

$

$
$

$
$

$
$

111
90
285.17
9.1

69

204.95
166.14

23.4%

94.9%

194.35
173.70

11.9%

70.1%

184.74
20.30

7.1%

$

$
$

$
$

$
$

270
269
48.16
6.4

221

50.74
40.43
25.5%

49.65
43.43
14.3%

35.62
5.57
11.6%

$

$
$

$
$

$
$

151
106
77.25
8.4

69

82.69
66.92
23.6%

79.69
66.51
19.8%

76.29
9.08
11.8%

______________________________________
(1) Represents the cash basis weighted average starting rent per square foot, which is generally indicative of market rents.  Most leases include free rent and periodic

step-ups in rent which are not included in the initial cash basis rent per square foot but are included in the GAAP basis straight-line rent per square foot.

(2) Represents the GAAP basis weighted average rent per square foot that is recognized over the term of the respective leases, and includes the effect of free rent and

periodic step-ups in rent.

46

Overview - continued

Square footage (in service) and Occupancy as of December 31, 2017:

(Square feet in thousands)

New York:

Office
Retail (includes retail properties that are in the base of our office
     properties)

Residential - 1,697 units
Alexander's, including 312 residential units
Hotel Pennsylvania

Other:

theMART
555 California Street
Other

Total square feet at December 31, 2017

Square footage (in service) and Occupancy as of December 31, 2016:

(Square feet in thousands)

New York:

Office
Retail (includes retail properties that are in the base of our office
     properties)

Residential - 1,692 units
Alexander's, including 312 residential units
Hotel Pennsylvania

Number of
properties

Other:

theMART
555 California Street
Other

Number of
properties

Square Feet (in service)
Our
Total
Share
Portfolio

Occupancy %

36

71

11
7
1

3
3
11

35

69

11
7
1

3
3
11

20,256

2,720

1,568
2,437
1,400
28,381

3,689
1,741
2,525
7,955

16,982

2,471

835
790
1,400
22,478

3,680
1,219
1,188
6,087

97.1%

96.9%

96.7%
99.3%

97.2%

98.6%
94.2%
93.6%

36,336

28,565

Square Feet (in service)
Our
Total
Share
Portfolio

Occupancy %

20,227

2,672

1,559
2,437
1,400
28,295

3,671
1,738
2,557
7,966

16,962

2,464

826
790
1,400
22,442

3,662
1,217
1,188
6,067

96.3%

97.1%

95.7%
99.8%

96.5%

98.9%
92.4%
92.2%

Total square feet at December 31, 2016

36,261

28,509

47

Critical Accounting Policies

In preparing the consolidated financial statements we have made estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.
Actual results could differ from those estimates. Set forth below is a summary of the accounting policies that we believe are critical to
the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.  The summary should be read in conjunction with the more complete discussion
of our accounting policies included in Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial
statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Real Estate

Real estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Betterments, major renewals and certain costs directly
related to the improvement and leasing of real estate are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. For redevelopment
of existing operating properties, the net book value of the existing property under redevelopment plus the cost for the construction and
improvements incurred in connection with the redevelopment are capitalized to the extent the capitalized costs of the property do not
exceed the estimated fair value of the redeveloped property when complete. If the cost of the redeveloped property, including the net
book value of the existing property, exceeds the estimated fair value of the redeveloped property, the excess is charged to expense.
Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives which range from 7 to 40 years. Tenant allowances are
amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the related leases, which approximate the useful lives of the assets.

Upon the acquisition of real estate that meets the criteria of a business under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805,
Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), we assess the fair value of acquired assets (including land, buildings and improvements, identified
intangibles, such as acquired above and below-market leases, acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships) and acquired liabilities
and we allocate the purchase price based on these assessments which are on a relative fair value basis. We assess fair value based on
estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information.  Estimates of
future cash flows are based on a number of factors including historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions.
We record acquired intangible assets (including acquired above-market leases, acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships) and
acquired intangible liabilities (including below–market leases) at their estimated fair value separate and apart from goodwill. We amortize
identified intangibles that have finite lives over the period they are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows
of the property or business acquired.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying amounts of real estate, net of accumulated depreciation, were $11.9 billion and
$11.6 billion, respectively.  As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying amounts of identified intangible assets (including acquired
above-market  leases,  tenant  relationships  and  acquired  in-place  leases)  were  $159,260,000  and  $189,668,000,  respectively,  and  the
carrying  amounts  of  identified  intangible  liabilities,  a  component  of  “deferred  revenue”  on  our  consolidated  balance  sheets,  were
$205,600,000 and $252,216,000, respectively.

Our properties, including any related intangible assets, are individually reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset
exceeds the aggregate projected future cash flows over the anticipated holding period on an undiscounted basis.  An impairment loss is
measured based on the excess of the property’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value.  Impairment analyses are based on our
current plans, intended holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared.  If our estimates of the
projected future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, or market conditions change, our evaluation of impairment losses may be different
and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements.  The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is subjective
and is based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from
actual results.  Plans to hold properties over longer periods decrease the likelihood of recording impairment losses.

48

 
 
 
 
Critical Accounting Policies - continued

Partially Owned Entities

We consolidate entities in which we have a controlling financial interest.  In determining whether we have a controlling financial
interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, we consider whether the entity is a
variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether we are the primary beneficiary.  We are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE when
we have (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the
obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We generally do not control a partially
owned entity if the entity is not considered a VIE and the approval of all of the partners/members is contractually required with respect
to decisions that most significantly impact the performance of the partially owned entity.  This includes decisions regarding operating/
capital budgets, and the placement of new or additional financing secured by the assets of the venture, among others. We account for
investments under the equity method when the requirements for consolidation are not met, and we have significant influence over the
operations of the investee. Equity method investments are initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for our share of net income
or loss and cash contributions and distributions each period. Investments that do not qualify for consolidation or equity method accounting
are accounted for under the cost method.

Investments in partially owned entities are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount may not be recoverable.  An impairment loss is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of an investment
over its estimated fair value.  Impairment analyses are based on current plans, intended holding periods and available information at the
time the analyses are prepared.  The ultimate realization of our investments in partially owned entities is dependent on a number of factors,
including the performance of each investment and market conditions.  If our estimates of the projected future cash flows, the nature of
development activities for properties for which such activities are planned and the estimated fair value of the investment change based
on market conditions or otherwise, our evaluation of impairment losses may be different and such differences could be material to our
consolidated financial statements.  The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is subjective and is based, in part, on assumptions regarding
future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results. 

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying amounts of investments in partially owned entities were $1.1 billion and $1.4

billion, respectively.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We periodically evaluate the collectability of amounts due from tenants and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts ($5,526,000
and $6,708,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively) for estimated losses resulting from the inability of tenants to make
required payments under the lease agreements. We also maintain an allowance for receivables arising from the straight-lining of rents
($954,000 and $1,913,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively). These receivables arise from earnings recognized in excess
of amounts currently due under the lease agreements. Management exercises judgment in establishing these allowances and considers
payment history and current credit status in developing these estimates. These estimates may differ from actual results, which could be
material to our consolidated financial statements.

49

 
  
 
 
 
Critical Accounting Policies - continued

Revenue Recognition

We have the following revenue sources and revenue recognition policies:

•

•

•

•

•

Base Rent — income arising from tenant leases. These rents are recognized over the non-cancelable term of the related
leases on a straight-line basis which includes the effects of rent steps and rent abatements under the leases.  We commence
rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes possession of the leased space and the leased space is substantially ready
for its intended use.  In addition, in circumstances where we provide a tenant improvement allowance for improvements
that are owned by the tenant, we recognize the allowance as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the
term of the lease.   

Percentage Rent — income arising from retail tenant leases that is contingent upon tenant sales exceeding defined thresholds.
These  rents  are  recognized  only  after  the  contingency  has  been  removed  (i.e.,  when  tenant  sales  thresholds  have  been
achieved).

Hotel Revenue — income arising from the operation of the Hotel Pennsylvania which consists of rooms revenue, food and
beverage revenue, and banquet revenue. Income is recognized when rooms are occupied. Food and beverage and banquet
revenue are recognized when the services have been rendered.

Trade Shows Revenue — income arising from the operation of trade shows, including rentals of booths. This revenue is
recognized when the trade shows have occurred.

Expense Reimbursements — revenue arising from tenant leases which provide for the recovery of all or a portion of the
operating expenses and real estate taxes of the respective property. This revenue is recognized in the same periods as the
expenses are incurred.

• Management, Leasing and Other Fees — income arising from contractual agreements with third parties or with partially

owned entities. This revenue is recognized as the related services are performed under the respective agreements.

Before we recognize revenue, we assess, among other things, its collectability. If our assessment of the collectability of revenue

changes, the impact on our consolidated financial statements could be material.

Income Taxes

Vornado operates in a manner intended to enable it to continue to qualify as a Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) under Sections
856-860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Under those sections, a REIT which distributes at least 90% of its REIT
taxable income as a dividend to its shareholders each year and which meets certain other conditions will not be taxed on that portion of
its taxable income which is distributed to its shareholders. Vornado distributes to its shareholders 100% of its taxable income and therefore,
no provision for Federal income taxes is required.  If Vornado fails to distribute the required amount of income to its shareholders, or
fails to meet other REIT requirements, it may fail to qualify as a REIT which may result in substantial adverse tax consequences.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report

on Form 10-K for a discussion concerning recent accounting pronouncements.

50

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Net Operating Income by Segment for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 

On December 1, 2016 we were repaid the 85 Tenth Avenue mezzanine loans and we received a 49.9% equity interest in the property.
In 2017, our 49.9% equity interest in the property is included in the "New York" segment. In 2016, our investment in 85 Tenth Avenue
mezzanine loans was included in the "Other" segment.   

On July 17, 2017, we completed the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment. Beginning in the third quarter of 2017, the historical
financial results of our former Washington, DC segment are reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations
for all periods presented and are included in the Other segment. Subsequent to the Washington, DC spin-off, we operate in two segments,
New York and Other, which is based on how we manage our business.

We have reclassified our 49.5% interest in 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium from "New York" to "Other" in all periods presented

because we do not intend to hold this asset on a long-term basis. 

NOI represents total revenues less operating expenses.  We consider NOI to be the primary non-GAAP financial measure for making
decisions and assessing the unlevered performance of our segments as it relates to the total return on assets as opposed to the levered
return on equity. As properties are bought and sold based on NOI, we utilize this measure to make investment decisions as well as to
compare the performance of our assets to that of our peers. NOI should not be considered a substitute for net income. NOI may not be
comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.  

Below is a summary of NOI by segment for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

Total revenues

Operating expenses

NOI - consolidated

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities

NOI at share

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net

and other

NOI at share - cash basis

(Amounts in thousands)

Total revenues

Operating expenses

NOI - consolidated

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities

NOI at share

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net

and other

NOI at share - cash basis

(Amounts in thousands)

Total revenues

Operating expenses

NOI - consolidated

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities

NOI at share

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net

and other

NOI at share - cash basis

51

For the Year Ended December 31, 2017

Total

New York

Other

$

2,084,126

$

1,779,307

$

886,596

1,197,530

(65,311)

269,164

1,401,383

756,670

1,022,637

(45,899)

189,327

1,166,065

(86,842)

(79,202)

1,314,541

$

1,086,863

$

304,819

129,926

174,893

(19,412)

79,837

235,318

(7,640)

227,678

$

$

$

$

For the Year Ended December 31, 2016

Total

New York

Other

2,003,742

$

1,713,374

$

844,566

1,159,176

(66,182)

271,114

1,364,108

716,754

996,620

(47,480)

159,386

1,108,526

(170,477)

(143,239)

1,193,631

$

965,287

$

290,368

127,812

162,556

(18,702)

111,728

255,582

(27,238)

228,344

For the Year Ended December 31, 2015

Total

New York

Other

1,985,495

$

1,695,925

$

824,511

1,160,984

(64,859)

245,750

1,341,875

694,228

1,001,697

(42,905)

156,177

1,114,969

(214,322)

(186,781)

$

1,127,553

$

928,188

$

289,570

130,283

159,287

(21,954)

89,573

226,906

(27,541)

199,365

Net Operating Income by Segment for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015  - continued

The elements of our New York and Other NOI for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are summarized below.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York:

Office

Retail

Residential

Alexander's

Hotel Pennsylvania

Total New York

Other:

theMART

555 California Street

Other investments

Total Other

NOI at share

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

721,183

$

662,221

$

359,944

24,370

47,302

13,266

364,953

25,060

47,295

8,997

684,110

342,999

22,266

43,409

22,185

1,166,065

1,108,526

1,114,969

102,339

47,588

85,391

235,318

98,498

45,848

111,236

255,582

85,963

50,268

90,675

226,906

$

1,401,383

$

1,364,108

$

1,341,875

The elements of our New York and Other NOI - cash basis for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are summarized

below.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York:

Office

Retail

Residential

Alexander's

Hotel Pennsylvania

Total New York

Other:

theMART

555 California Street

Other investments

Total Other

NOI at share - cash basis

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

678,839

$

593,785

$

324,318

21,626

48,683

13,397

1,086,863

99,242

45,281

83,155

227,678

292,019

22,285

48,070

9,128

965,287

92,571

32,601

103,172

228,344

580,252

262,698

20,254

42,965

22,019

928,188

81,867

36,686

80,812

199,365

$

1,314,541

$

1,193,631

$

1,127,553

52

Reconciliation of Net Income to Net Operating Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 

Below is a reconciliation of net income to NOI for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

Net income

Deduct:

Our share of (income) loss from partially owned entities

Our share of (income) loss from real estate fund investments

Interest and other investment income, net

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets

Loss (income) from discontinued operations

NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add:

Depreciation and amortization expense

General and administrative expense

Acquisition and transaction related costs

NOI from partially owned entities

Interest and debt expense

Income tax expense (benefit)

NOI at share

Non cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net

and other

NOI at share - cash basis

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

264,128

$

981,922

$

859,430

(15,200)

(3,240)

(37,793)

(501)

13,228

(65,311)

429,389

158,999

1,776

269,164

345,654

41,090

(168,948)

23,602

(29,548)

(160,433)

(404,912)

(66,182)

421,023

149,550

9,451

271,114

330,240

7,229

1,401,383

1,364,108

(86,842)

(170,477)

$

1,314,541

$

1,193,631

$

9,947

(74,081)

(27,240)

(149,417)

(223,511)

(64,859)

379,803

149,256

12,511

245,750

309,298

(85,012)

1,341,875

(214,322)

1,127,553

53

Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 

Revenues

Our revenues, which consist of property rentals, tenant expense reimbursements, and fee and other income, were $2,084,126,000
in the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $2,003,742,000 for the prior year, an increase of $80,384,000.  Below are the details
of the increase by segment:

(Amounts in thousands)

Increase (decrease) due to:

Property rentals:

Acquisitions, dispositions and other

Development and redevelopment

Hotel Pennsylvania

Trade shows

Same store operations

Tenant expense reimbursements:

 Acquisitions, dispositions and other

 Development and redevelopment

 Same store operations

Fee and other income:

BMS cleaning fees

Management and leasing fees

Lease termination fees

Other income

Total

New York

Other

$

9,455

$

824

7,974

(634)

35,240

52,859

(2,663)

705

13,819

11,861

10,718

1,843

(599)

3,702

15,664

9,229 (1) $

(93)

7,974 (2)

—

25,066

42,176

(2,663)

(75)

11,320

8,582

13,374

(3)

1,068

250

483

15,175

226

917

—

(634)

10,174

10,683

—

780

2,499

3,279

(2,656)

775

(849)

3,219

489

Total increase in revenues

$

80,384

$

65,933

$

14,451

________________________________________
(1) Primarily due to (i) $20,515 from the write-off of straight-line rents recorded in 2016, partially offset by (ii) $5,050 from the partial sale of 7 West 34th Street in May

2016 and (iii) $7,834 from the write-off of straight-line rents and FAS 141 recorded in 2017.

(2) Average occupancy and revenue per available room were 87.3% and $121.46 respectively, for 2017 as compared to 84.7% and $113.84, respectively, for 2016.
(3) Primarily due to an increase in third party cleaning agreements from JBGS, Skyline Properties and from tenants at theMART.

54

 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued

Expenses

Our  expenses,  which  consist  primarily  of  operating,  depreciation  and  amortization,  general  and  administrative  expenses  and
acquisition and transaction related costs, were $1,476,760,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $1,424,590,000 for the
prior year, an increase of $52,170,000.  Below are the details of the increase by segment:

(Amounts in thousands)

(Decrease) increase due to:

Operating:

Acquisitions, dispositions and other

Development and redevelopment

Non-reimbursable expenses, including bad-debt reserves

Hotel Pennsylvania

Trade shows

BMS expenses

Same store operations

Depreciation and amortization:

Acquisitions, dispositions and other

Development and redevelopment

Same store operations

General and administrative:

Mark-to-market of deferred compensation plan liability

Same store operations

Acquisition and transaction related costs

Total

New York

Other

$

(2,978)

$

(2,978)

$

69

(3,940)

3,721

(1,222)

15,368

31,012

42,030

2,227

2,752

3,387

8,366

1,719

7,730 (3)

9,449

(7,675)

119

(4,109)

3,721

—

12,835 (1)

30,328

39,916

2,227

3,182

(1,503)

3,906

—

4,333

4,333

—

—

(50)

169

—

(1,222)

2,533

684

2,114

—

(430)

4,890

4,460

1,719 (2)

3,397

5,116

(7,675)

Total increase in expenses

$

52,170

$

48,155

$

4,015

____________________
(1) Primarily due to an increase in third party cleaning agreements from JBGS, Skyline Properties and from tenants at theMART.
(2) This increase in expense is entirely offset by a corresponding decrease in income from the mark-to-market of the deferred compensation plan assets, a component of

“interest and other investment income, net” on our consolidated statements of income.

(3) Primarily due to lower capitalized leasing and development payroll for consolidated projects in 2017 and higher franchise tax in 2017.

55

 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued

Income from Partially Owned Entities

Summarized below are the components of income from partially owned entities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

Equity in Net (Loss) Income:

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust ("PREIT")(1)

Alexander's

Urban Edge Properties ("UE")(2)
Partially owned office buildings (3)

Other investments (4)

Percentage
Ownership at 
December 31, 2017

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

8.0%

32.4%

4.5%

Various

Various

$

$

(53,325) $

31,853

27,328

2,020

7,324

15,200

$

(5,213)

34,240

5,839

5,773

128,309

168,948

____________________
(1)
(2)
(3)

(4)

In 2017, we recognized a $44,465 "other-than-temporary" impairment loss on our investment in PREIT.
2017 includes $21,100 of net gains resulting from UE operating partnership unit issuances.
Includes interests in 280 Park Avenue, 650 Madison Avenue, One Park Avenue, 7 West 34th Street, 330 Madison Avenue, 512 West 22nd Street, 85 Tenth Avenue (in
2017 only) and others. 
Includes interests in Independence Plaza, Fashion Centre Mall/Washington Tower, Rosslyn Plaza, 50-70 West 93rd Street, 85 Tenth Avenue (in 2016 only), 666 Fifth
Avenue Office Condominium, India real estate ventures and others. In 2017, we recognized $26,687 of net gains, comprised of $15,314 representing our share of a
net gain on the sale of Suffolk Downs and $11,373 representing the net gain on repayment of our debt investments in Suffolk Downs JV.  In 2017 and 2016, we
recognized net losses of $25,414 and $41,532, respectively, from our 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium joint venture as a result of our share of depreciation
expense. In 2016, the owner of 85 Tenth Avenue completed a 10-year, 4.55% $625,000 refinancing of the property and we received net proceeds of $191,779 in
repayment of our existing loans and preferred equity investments.  We recognized $160,843 of income and no tax gain as a result of this transaction. In addition, we
recognized $13,962 of non-cash impairment losses related to India real estate ventures in 2016.

Loss from Real Estate Fund Investments

Below are the components of the loss from our real estate fund investments for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

Net investment income

Net realized gains on exited investments

Previously recorded unrealized gain on exited investments

Net unrealized loss on held investments

Income (loss) from real estate fund investments

Less (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries
Loss from real estate fund investments attributable to the Operating Partnership(1)

Less loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$

18,507

$

36,078

(25,538)

(25,807)

3,240

(14,044)

(10,804)

673

17,053

14,761

(14,254)

(41,162)

(23,602)

2,560

(21,042)

1,270

(19,772)

Loss from real estate fund investments attributable to Vornado

$

(10,131) $

____________________
(1) Excludes $4,091 and $3,831 of management and leasing fees in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which are included as a component of

"fee and other income" on our consolidated statements of income.

56

 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued

Interest and Other Investment Income, net

Interest and other investment income, net was $37,793,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $29,548,000 in the
prior year, an increase of $8,245,000.  This increase resulted primarily from increased interest rates and an increase in the value of
investments  in  our  deferred  compensation  plan  (offset  by  a  corresponding  decrease  in  the  liability  for  plan  assets  in  general  and
administrative expenses).

Interest and Debt Expense

Interest and debt expense was $345,654,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $330,240,000 in the prior year, an
increase of $15,414,000. This increase was primarily due to (i) $19,887,000 of higher interest expense relating to our variable rate loans,
(ii) $9,409,000 of higher interest expense from the refinancing of 350 Park Avenue and the $750,000,000 drawn on our $750,000,000
delayed draw term loan, (iii) $7,052,000 of higher interest expense from the 1535 Broadway capital lease obligation, (iv) $4,836,000 of
interest expense relating to the December 27, 2017 prepayment of our $450,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 2.50% senior unsecured
notes due 2019, partially offset by (v) $17,888,000 of higher capitalized interest and debt expense and (vi) $8,626,000 of interest savings
from the refinancing of theMART.

Net Gains on Disposition of Wholly Owned and Partially Owned Assets

The net gain of $501,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, resulted from the sale of residential condominiums. The net gain
of $160,433,000 in the prior year primarily consists of a $159,511,000 net gain on sale of our 47% ownership interest in 7 West 34th
Street and $714,000 from the sale of residential condominiums.

Income Tax Expense

In the year ended December 31, 2017, we had an income tax expense of $41,090,000, compared to $7,229,000 in the prior year, an
increase  of  $33,861,000.   This  increase  resulted  primarily  from  $34,800,000  of  expense  due  to  the  reduction  of  our  taxable  REIT
subsidiaries' deferred tax assets based on the decrease in corporate tax rates under the December 22, 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued

(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations

We have reclassified the revenues and expenses of our former Washington, DC segment which was spun off on July 17, 2017 and
other related retail assets that were sold or are currently held for sale to “(loss) income from discontinued operations” and the related
assets and liabilities to “assets related to discontinued operations” and “liabilities related to discontinued operations” for all the periods
presented in the accompanying financial statements.  The table below sets forth the combined results of assets related to discontinued
operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

Total revenues

Total expenses

JBGS spin-off transaction costs

Net gains on sale of real estate, a lease position and other

Income (loss) from partially owned assets

Net gain on early extinguishment of debt

Impairment losses

Net gain on sale of our 20% interest in Fairfax Square

Pretax (loss) income from discontinued operations

Income tax expense

(Loss) income from discontinued operations

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$

261,290

$

212,169

49,121

(68,662)

6,605

435

—

—

—

(12,501)

(727)

$

(13,228) $

521,084

442,032

79,052

(16,586)

5,074

(3,559)

487,877

(161,165)

15,302

405,995

(1,083)

404,912

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries was $25,802,000 in the year ended December 31,
2017, compared to $21,351,000 in the prior year, an increase of $4,451,000.  This increase resulted primarily from higher net income
allocated to the noncontrolling interests of our real estate fund investments.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership (Vornado Realty Trust)

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership was $10,910,000 in the year ended December 31,
2017, compared to $53,654,000 in the prior year, a decrease of $42,744,000.  This decrease resulted primarily from lower net income
subject to allocation to unitholders.

Preferred Share Dividends of Vornado Realty Trust

Preferred share dividends were $65,399,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $75,903,000 in the prior year, a
decrease of $10,504,000.  This decrease resulted primarily from the redemption of the 6.875% Series J cumulative redeemable preferred
shares on September 1, 2016.

Preferred Unit Distributions of Vornado Realty L.P.

Preferred unit distributions were $65,593,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $76,097,000 in the prior year, a
decrease of $10,504,000.  This decrease resulted primarily from the redemption of the 6.875% Series J cumulative redeemable preferred
units on September 1, 2016.

Preferred Share/Unit Issuance Costs

In the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized a $7,408,000 expense in connection with the write-off of issuance costs upon

redeeming all of the outstanding 6.875% Series J cumulative redeemable preferred shares/units on September 1, 2016.

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued

Same Store Net Operating Income

Same store NOI represents NOI from operations which are owned by us and in service in both the current and prior year reporting
periods.  Same store NOI - cash basis is NOI from operations before straight-line rental income and expense, amortization of acquired
below and above market leases, net and other non-cash adjustments which are owned by us and in service in both the current and prior
year reporting periods.  We present these non-GAAP measures to (i) facilitate meaningful comparisons of the operational performance
of our properties and segments, (ii) make decisions on whether to buy, sell or refinance properties, and (iii) compare the performance of
our properties and segments to those of our peers.  Same store NOI and same store NOI - cash basis should not be considered as an
alternative  to  net  income  or  cash  flow  from  operations  and  may  not  be  comparable  to  similarly  titled  measures  employed  by  other
companies.

Below are reconciliations of NOI to same store NOI for our New York segment, theMART and 555 California Street for the year

ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York

theMART

555 California Street

NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2017

$

1,166,065

$

102,339

$

47,588

Less NOI at share from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination income, net of straight-line and FAS 141 adjustments

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2017

NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2016

Less NOI at share from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination income (expense), net of straight-line and FAS 141

adjustments

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2016

Increase in same store NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2017

compared to December 31, 2016

$

$

$

$

% increase in same store NOI at share

(20,027)

(698)

816

(1,973)

(2,303)

1,141,880

1,108,526

(60)

(3,107)

82

10,559

(3,610)

1,112,390

29,490

2.7%

$

$

$

$

164

—

—

(20)

—

102,483

98,498

—

—

—

(157)

—

98,341

4,142

4.2% (1)

$

$

$

$

—

—

—

—

—

47,588

45,848

—

—

1,079

(238)

—

46,689

899

1.9%

________________________________________
(1) The year ended December 31, 2016 includes a $2,000 reversal of an expense accrued in 2015. Excluding this amount, same store NOI increased by 6.4%.

59

Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued

Same Store Net Operating Income - continued

Below are reconciliations of NOI - cash basis to same store NOI - cash basis for our New York segment, theMART, and 555 California

Street for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York

theMART

555 California Street

NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2017

$

1,086,863

$

99,242

$

45,281

Less NOI at share - cash basis from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination income

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2017

NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2016

Less NOI at share - cash basis from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination income

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2016

Increase in same store NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31,

2017 compared to December 31, 2016

(17,217)

(698)

814

(4,927)

(3,021)

1,061,814

965,287

(13)

(2,219)

289

(7,272)

(2,362)

953,710

108,104

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

164

—

—

(31)

—

99,375

92,571

—

—

—

(248)

—

92,323

7,052

$

$

$

$

—

—

—

—

—

45,281

32,601

—

—

1,079

(397)

—

33,283

11,998

% increase in same store NOI at share - cash basis

11.3%

7.6% (1)

36.0%

________________________________________
(1) The year ended December 31, 2016 includes a $2,000 reversal of an expense accrued in 2015. Excluding this amount, same store NOI - cash basis increased by

10.0%.

60

Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to December 31, 2015 

Revenues

Our revenues, which consist of property rentals, tenant expense reimbursements, and fee and other income, were $2,003,742,000
in the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $1,985,495,000 for the prior year, an increase of $18,247,000.  Below are the details
of the increase by segment:

(Amounts in thousands)

(Decrease) increase due to:

Property rentals:

Acquisitions, dispositions and other

Development and redevelopment

Hotel Pennsylvania

Trade shows

Same store operations

Tenant expense reimbursements:

Acquisitions, dispositions and other

Development and redevelopment

Same store operations

Fee and other income:

BMS cleaning fees

Management and leasing fees

Lease termination fees

Other income

Total

New York

Other

$

(33,841) $

(33,841) (1) $

2,346

(12,837)

(852)

80,411

35,227

(4,697)

1,040

6,481

2,824

(3,455)

2,009

(13,599)

(4,759)

(19,804)

(150)

(12,837) (2)

—

77,676

30,848

(4,698)

(3)

10,170

5,469

(3,233)

1,105

(13,878) (3)

(2,862)

(18,868)

—

2,496

—

(852)

2,735

4,379

1

1,043

(3,689)

(2,645)

(222)

904

279

(1,897)

(936)

Total increase in revenues

$

18,247

$

17,449

$

798

________________________________________
(1) Primarily due to (i) $20,515 from the write-off of New York office straight-line rents recorded in 2016, (ii) $18,014 from the disposition of 20 Broad Street in 2015
and (iii) $14,238 of income in 2015 from the acceleration of amortization of acquired below-market lease liabilities at 697-703 Fifth Avenue (St. Regis - retail),
partially offset by asset acquisitions.

(2) Average occupancy and revenue per available room were 84.7% and $113.84, respectively, for 2016 as compared to 90.7% and $133.69, respectively, for 2015.
(3) Primarily from a lease termination fee received from a tenant at 20 Broad Street in the fourth quarter of 2015.

61

 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to December 31, 2015 - continued

Expenses

Our  expenses,  which  consist  primarily  of  operating,  depreciation  and  amortization,  general  and  administrative  expenses  and
acquisition and transaction related costs, were $1,424,590,000 in the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $1,366,081,000 for the
prior year, an increase of $58,509,000.  Below are the details of the increase (decrease) by segment:

(Amounts in thousands)

Increase (decrease) due to:

Operating:

Acquisitions, dispositions and other

Development and redevelopment

Non-reimbursable expenses, including bad-debt reserves

Hotel Pennsylvania

Trade shows

BMS expenses

Same store operations

Depreciation and amortization:

Acquisitions, dispositions and other

Development and redevelopment

Same store operations

General and administrative:

Mark-to-market of deferred compensation plan liability

Same store operations

Acquisition and transaction related costs

Total

New York

Other

$

2,527

$

2,527

$

1,389

(2,526)

322

456

(3,374)

21,261

20,055

3,229

1,025

36,966

41,220

5,102

(4,808)

294

(3,060)

(99)

(2,296)

322

—

(3,152)

25,224

22,526

3,229

(296)

35,275

38,208

—

838

838

—

—

1,488

(230)

—

456

(222)

(3,963)

(2,471)

—

1,321

1,691

3,012

5,102 (1)

(5,646) (2)

(544)

(3,060)

Total increase (decrease) in expenses

$

58,509

$

61,572

$

(3,063)

________________________________________
(1) This increase in expense is entirely offset by a corresponding decrease in income from the mark-to-market of the deferred compensation plan assets, a component of

“interest and other investment income, net” on our consolidated statements of income.

(2) Results primarily from the acceleration of the recognition of compensation expense in 2015 of $4,542 related to 2012-2014 Out-Performance Plans due to the

modification of the vesting criteria of awards such that they fully vest at age 65.

62

 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to December 31, 2015  - continued

Income (Loss) from Partially Owned Entities

Summarized below are the components of income (loss) from partially owned entities for the years ended December 31, 2016 and

2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

Equity in Net Income (Loss):
Partially owned office buildings(1)

Alexander's

UE

PREIT
Other investments(2)

Percentage
Ownership at 
December 31, 2016

Year Ended December 31,

2016

2015

Various

32.4%

5.4%

8.0%

Various

$

$

5,773

$

34,240

5,839

(5,213)

128,309

168,948

$

19,808

31,078

4,394

(7,450)

(57,777)

(9,947)

____________________
(1)

(2)

Includes interests in 280 Park Avenue, 650 Madison Avenue, One Park Avenue, 7 West 34th Street (in 2016 only), 330 Madison Avenue, 512 West 22nd Street and
others.  In 2015, we recognized our $12,800 share of a write-off of a below-market lease liability related to a tenant vacating at 650 Madison Avenue.
Includes interests in Independence Plaza, Fashion Centre Mall/Washington Tower, Rosslyn Plaza, 50-70 West 93rd Street, 85 Tenth Avenue, 666 Fifth Avenue Office
Condominium, India real estate ventures and others. In 2016, the owner of 85 Tenth Avenue completed a 10-year, 4.55% $625,000 refinancing of the property and
we received net proceeds of $191,779 in repayment of our existing loans and preferred equity investments.  We recognized $160,843 of income and no tax gain as a
result of this transaction. In 2016 and 2015, we recognized net losses of $41,532 and $37,495, respectively, from our 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium joint
venture as a result of our share of depreciation expense and $13,962 and $14,806, respectively, of non-cash impairment losses related to India real estate ventures.

(Loss) Income from Real Estate Fund Investments

Below are the components of the (loss) income from our real estate fund investments for the years ended December 31, 2016 and

2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

For the Year Ended December 31,

2016

2015

Net investment income

Net realized gains on exited investments

Previously recorded unrealized gain on exited investments

Net unrealized (loss) gains on held investments

(Loss) income from real estate fund investments

Less loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries
(Loss) income from real estate fund investments attributable to the Operating Partnership(1)

Less loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership

$

17,053

$

14,761

(14,254)

(41,162)

(23,602)

2,560

(21,042)

1,270

(Loss) income from real estate fund investments attributable to Vornado

$

(19,772) $

16,329

26,036

(23,279)

54,995

74,081

(40,117)

33,964

(2,011)

31,953

____________________
(1) Excludes $3,831 and $2,939 of management and leasing fees in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which are included as a component of

"fee and other income" on our consolidated statements of income.

63

 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to December 31, 2015 - continued

Interest and Other Investment Income, net

Interest and other investment income, net, was $29,548,000 in the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $27,240,000 in the
year ended December 31, 2015, an increase of $2,308,000.  This increase resulted primarily from an increase in the value of investments
in  our  deferred  compensation  plan  (offset  by  a  corresponding  decrease  in  the  liability  for  plan  assets  in  general  and  administrative
expenses).

Interest and Debt Expense

Interest and debt expense was $330,240,000 in the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $309,298,000 in the year ended
December 31, 2015, an increase of $20,942,000.  This increase was primarily due to (i) $23,205,000 of higher interest expense from the
full year effect of 2015 financings of the St. Regis - retail, 150 West 34th Street, 100 West 33rd Street, and from the $375,000,000 drawn
on our $750,000,000 delayed draw term loan, (ii) $8,082,000 of lower capitalized interest, partially offset by (iii) $13,127,000 of interest
savings from the re-financings of 888 7th Avenue and 770 Broadway.

Net Gains on Disposition of Wholly Owned and Partially Owned Assets

The net gain of $160,433,000 in year ended December 31, 2016, primarily consists of a $159,511,000 net gain on sale of our 47%
ownership interest in 7 West 34th Street and $714,000 from the sale of residential condominiums.  The net gain of $149,417,000 in the
year ended December 31, 2015 consists of $142,693,000 net gain on sale of 20 Broad Street and $6,724,000 from the sale of residential
condominiums.

Income Tax (Expense) Benefit 

In the year ended December 31, 2016, we had an income tax expense of $7,229,000, compared to a benefit of $85,012,000 in the
year ended December 31, 2015, an increase in expense of $92,241,000.  This increase in expense resulted primarily from the prior year
reversal of $90,030,000 of valuation allowances against certain of our deferred tax assets, as we concluded that it was more-likely-than-
not that we will generate sufficient taxable income from the sale of 220 Central Park South residential condominium units to realize the
deferred tax assets.

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to December 31, 2015 - continued

Income from Discontinued Operations

We have reclassified the revenues and expenses of our former Washington, DC segment which was spun off on July 17, 2017, our
strip shopping center and mall business which was spun off to UE on January 15, 2015 and other related retail assets that were sold or
are currently held for sale to “ (loss) income from discontinued operations” and the related assets and liabilities to “assets related to
discontinued operations” and “liabilities related to discontinued operations” for all the periods presented in the accompanying financial
statements.  The table below sets forth the combined results of assets related to discontinued operations for the years ended December
31, 2016 and 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

Total revenues

Total expenses

Net gain on early extinguishment of debt

Impairment losses

JBGS spin-off transaction costs

Net gain on sale of our 20% interest in Fairfax Square

Net gains on sale of real estate, a lease position and other

Loss from partially owned assets

UE spin-off transaction related costs

Pretax income from discontinued operations

Income tax expense

Income from discontinued operations

For the Year Ended December 31,

2016

2015

$

521,084

$

442,032

79,052

487,877

(161,165)

(16,586)

15,302

5,074

(3,559)

—

405,995

(1,083)

$

404,912

$

558,663

477,299

81,364

—

(256)

—

—

167,801

(2,022)

(22,972)

223,915

(404)

223,511

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries was $21,351,000 in the year ended December 31,
2016, compared to $55,765,000 in the year ended December 31, 2015, a decrease of $34,414,000.  This decrease resulted primarily from
lower net income allocated to the noncontrolling interests of our real estate fund investments.

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership (Vornado Realty Trust)

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership was $53,654,000 in the year ended December 31,
2016, compared to $43,231,000 in the year ended December 31, 2015, an increase of $10,423,000.  This increase resulted primarily from
higher net income subject to allocation to unitholders.

Preferred Share Dividends of Vornado Realty Trust

Preferred share dividends were $75,903,000 in the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $80,578,000 in the year ended
December 31, 2015, a decrease of $4,675,000.  This decrease resulted primarily from the redemption of the 6.875% Series J cumulative
redeemable preferred shares on September 1, 2016.

Preferred Unit Distributions of Vornado Realty L.P.

Preferred unit distributions were $76,097,000 in the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $80,736,000 in the year ended
December 31, 2015, a decrease of $4,639,000.  This decrease resulted primarily from the redemption of the 6.875% Series J cumulative
redeemable preferred units on September 1, 2016.

Preferred Share/Unit Issuance Costs

In the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized a $7,408,000 expense in connection with the write-off of issuance costs upon

redeeming all of the outstanding 6.875% Series J cumulative redeemable preferred shares/units on September 1, 2016.

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to December 31, 2015 - continued

Same Store Net Operating Income

Same store NOI represents NOI from operations which are owned by us and in service in both the current and prior year reporting
periods.  Same store NOI - cash basis is NOI from operations before straight-line rental income and expense, amortization of acquired
below and above market leases, net and other non-cash adjustments which are owned by us and in service in both the current and prior
year reporting periods.  We present these non-GAAP measures to (i) facilitate meaningful comparisons of the operational performance
of our properties and segments, (ii) make decisions on whether to buy, sell or refinance properties, and (iii) compare the performance of
our properties and segments to those of our peers.  Same store NOI and same store NOI - cash basis should not be considered as an
alternative  to  net  income  or  cash  flow  from  operations  and  may  not  be  comparable  to  similarly  titled  measures  employed  by  other
companies.

Below are reconciliations of NOI to same store NOI for our New York segment, theMART and 555 California Street for the years

ended December 31, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York

theMART

555 California Street

NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2016

$

1,108,526

$

98,498

$

45,848

Less NOI at share from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination expense (income), net of straight-line and FAS 141

adjustments

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2016

NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2015

Less NOI at share from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination (income) expense, net of straight-line and FAS 141

adjustments

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2015

Increase (decrease) in same store NOI at share for the year ended December 31,

2016 compared to December 31, 2015

$

$

$

$

(19,644)

13

66

10,801

(3,438)

1,096,324

1,114,969

(2,827)

(31,648)

1,607

(30,493)

(21,281)

1,030,327

65,997

$

$

$

$

—

—

—

(157)

—

98,341

85,963

—

—

—

274

—

86,237

12,104

$

$

$

$

—

—

—

(238)

—

45,610

50,268

—

—

—

—

—

50,268

(4,658)

% increase (decrease) in same store NOI at share

6.4%

14.0% (1)

(9.3)%

________________________________________
(1) The year ended December 31, 2016 includes a $2,000 reversal of an expense accrued in 2015. Excluding this amount, same store NOI increased by 11.7%.

66

Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to December 31, 2015 - continued

Same Store Net Operating Income - continued

Below are reconciliations of NOI - cash basis to same store NOI - cash basis for our New York segment, theMART and 555 California

Street for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York

theMART

555 California Street

NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2016

$

965,287

$

92,571

$

32,601

Less NOI at share - cash basis from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination income

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2016

NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2015

Less NOI at share - cash basis from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination (income) expense

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2015

Increase in same store NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31,

2016 compared to December 31, 2015

$

$

$

$

(8,683)

13

66

(7,272)

(2,180)

947,231

928,188

(1,185)

(30,992)

1,559

(5,800)

(18,425)

873,345

73,886

$

$

$

$

—

—

—

(248)

—

92,323

81,867

—

—

—

274

—

82,141

10,182

$

$

$

$

—

—

—

(397)

—

32,204

36,686

—

—

—

—

—

36,686

(4,482)

% increase in same store NOI at share - cash basis

8.5%

12.4% (1)

(12.2)%

________________________________________
(1) The year ended December 31, 2016 includes a $2,000 reversal of an expense accrued in 2015. Excluding this amount, same store NOI - cash basis increased by 9.9%.

67

Supplemental Information

Net Operating Income by Segment for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 

On December 1, 2016 we were repaid the 85 Tenth Avenue mezzanine loans and we received a 49.9% equity interest in the property.
In 2017, our 49.9% equity interest in the property is included in the "New York" segment. In 2016, our investment in 85 Tenth Avenue
mezzanine loans was included in the "Other" segment.   

On July 17, 2017, we completed the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment. Beginning in the third quarter of 2017, the historical
financial results of our former Washington, DC segment are reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations
for all periods presented and are included in the Other segment. Subsequent to the Washington, DC spin-off, we operate in two segments,
New York and Other, which is based on how we manage our business. 

We have reclassified our 49.5% interest in 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium from "New York" to "Other" in all periods presented

because we do not intend to hold this asset on a long-term basis. 

NOI represents total revenues less operating expenses.  We consider NOI to be the primary non-GAAP financial measure for making
decisions and assessing the unlevered performance of our segments as it relates to the total return on assets as opposed to the levered
return on equity. As properties are bought and sold based on NOI, we utilize this measure to make investment decisions as well as to
compare the performance of our assets to that of our peers. NOI should not be considered a substitute for net income. NOI may not be
comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.  

Below is a summary of NOI by segment for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

Total revenues

Operating expenses

NOI - consolidated

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities

NOI at share

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net

and other

NOI at share - cash basis

(Amounts in thousands)

Total revenues

Operating expenses

NOI - consolidated

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities

NOI at share

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net

and other

NOI at share - cash basis

For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017

Total

New York

Other

$

536,226

$

462,597

$

225,011

311,215

(16,533)

69,175

363,857

(21,579)

195,421

267,176

(11,648)

48,700

304,228

(21,441)

342,278

$

282,787

$

For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2016

Total

New York

Other

513,974

$

443,910

$

$

$

218,020

295,954

(16,083)

75,142

355,013

(36,370)

182,762

261,148

(11,829)

41,465

290,784

(29,547)

$

318,643

$

261,237

$

73,629

29,590

44,039

(4,885)

20,475

59,629

(138)

59,491

70,064

35,258

34,806

(4,254)

33,677

64,229

(6,823)

57,406

68

Supplemental Information - continued

Net Operating Income by Segment for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 - continued

The elements of our New York and Other NOI for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are summarized below.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York:

Office

Retail

Residential

Alexander's

Hotel Pennsylvania

Total New York

Other:

theMART

555 California Street

Other investments

Total Other

NOI at share

For the Three Months Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$

189,481

$

90,853

5,920

11,656

6,318

304,228

24,249

12,003

23,377

59,629

174,609

93,117

6,158

11,495

5,405

290,784

22,749

10,578

30,902

64,229

$

363,857

$

355,013

The elements of our New York and Other NOI - cash basis for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are summarized

below.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York:

Office

Retail

Residential

Alexander's

Hotel Pennsylvania

Total New York

Other:

theMART

555 California Street

Other investments

Total Other

NOI at share - cash basis

For the Three Months Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$

175,787

$

83,320

5,325

12,004

6,351

282,787

24,396

11,916

23,179

59,491

157,679

80,817

5,560

11,743

5,438

261,237

21,660

8,702

27,044

57,406

$

342,278

$

318,643

69

Supplemental Information - continued

Reconciliation of Net Income to Net Operating Income for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

Below is a reconciliation of net income to NOI for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

Net income

Deduct:

Our share of income from partially owned entities

Our share of (income) loss from real estate fund investments

Interest and other investment income, net

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets

Income from discontinued operations

NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add:

Depreciation and amortization expense

General and administrative expense

Acquisition and transaction related costs

NOI from partially owned entities

Interest and debt expense

Income tax expense (benefit)

NOI at share

Non cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net and other

For the Three Months Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$

53,551

$

704,544

(9,622)

(4,889)

(9,993)

—

(1,273)

(16,533)

114,166

36,838

703

69,175

93,073

38,661

363,857

(21,579)

(165,056)

52,352

(9,427)

(208)

(509,116)

(16,083)

104,640

36,957

2,754

75,142

80,206

(1,692)

355,013

(36,370)

318,643

NOI at share - cash basis

$

342,278

$

70

Supplemental Information - continued

Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016

Same Store Net Operating Income

Same store NOI represents NOI from operations which are owned by us and in service in both the current and prior year reporting
periods.  Same store NOI - cash basis is NOI from operations before straight-line rental income and expense, amortization of acquired
below and above market leases, net and other non-cash adjustments which are owned by us and in service in both the current and prior
year reporting periods.  We present these non-GAAP measures to (i) facilitate meaningful comparisons of the operational performance
of our properties and segments, (ii) make decisions on whether to buy, sell or refinance properties, and (iii) compare the performance of
our properties and segments to those of our peers.  Same store NOI and same store NOI - cash basis should not be considered as an
alternative  to  net  income  or  cash  flow  from  operations  and  may  not  be  comparable  to  similarly  titled  measures  employed  by  other
companies.

Below are reconciliations of NOI to same store NOI for our New York segment, theMART and 555 California Street for the three

months ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York

theMART

555 California Street

NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2017

$

304,228

$

24,249

$

12,003

Less NOI at share from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination income, net of straight-line and FAS 141 adjustments

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2017

NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2016

Less NOI at share from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination expense (income), net of straight-line and FAS 141

adjustments

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2016

Increase in same store NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2017

compared to December 31, 2016

$

$

$

$

% increase in same store NOI at share

(4,817)

(79)

161

(984)

(12)

298,497

290,784

36

(106)

(280)

586

(679)

290,341

8,156

2.8%

$

$

$

$

(46)

—

—

—

—

24,203

22,749

—

—

—

(157)

—

22,592

1,611

7.1%

$

$

$

$

—

—

—

—

—

12,003

10,578

—

—

296

—

—

10,874

1,129

10.4%

71

Supplemental Information - continued

Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued

Same Store Net Operating Income - continued

Below are reconciliations of NOI - cash basis to same store NOI - cash basis for our New York segment, theMART and 555 California

Street for the three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York

theMART

555 California Street

NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 31, 2017

$

282,787

$

24,396

$

11,916

Less NOI at share - cash basis from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination income

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 31,

2017

NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 31, 2016

Less NOI at share - cash basis from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination income

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share  - cash basis for the three months ended December 31,

2016

Increase in same store NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended

December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016

$

$

$

$

% increase in same store NOI at share - cash basis

(3,987)

(79)

160

(1,393)

(12)

277,476

261,237

—

(106)

(141)

(602)

(1,082)

259,306

18,170

7.0%

$

$

$

$

(46)

—

—

—

—

24,350

21,660

—

—

—

(248)

—

21,412

2,938

13.7%

$

$

$

$

—

—

—

—

—

11,916

8,702

—

—

296

—

—

8,998

2,918

32.4%

72

Supplemental Information - continued

Net Operating Income by Segment for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 

On July 17, 2017, we completed the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment. Beginning in the third quarter of 2017, the historical
financial results of our former Washington, DC segment are reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations
for all periods presented and are included in the Other segment. Subsequent to the Washington, DC spin-off, we operate in two segments,
New York and Other, which is based on how we manage our business. 

We have reclassified our 49.5% interest in 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium from "New York" to "Other" in all periods presented

because we do not intend to hold this asset on a long-term basis. 

NOI represents total revenues less operating expenses.  We consider NOI to be the primary non-GAAP financial measure for making
decisions and assessing the unlevered performance of our segments as it relates to the total return on assets as opposed to the levered
return on equity. As properties are bought and sold based on NOI, we utilize this measure to make investment decisions as well as to
compare the performance of our assets to that of our peers. NOI should not be considered a substitute for net income. NOI may not be
comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.  

Below is a summary of NOI by segment for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017.

(Amounts in thousands)

Total revenues

Operating expenses

NOI - consolidated

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities

NOI at share

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net

and other

NOI at share - cash basis

(Amounts in thousands)

Total revenues

Operating expenses

NOI - consolidated

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities

NOI at share

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net

and other

NOI at share - cash basis

For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017

Total

New York

Other

$

536,226

$

462,597

$

225,011

311,215

(16,533)

69,175

363,857

(21,579)

195,421

267,176

(11,648)

48,700

304,228

(21,441)

342,278

$

282,787

$

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

Total

New York

Other

528,755

$

453,609

$

$

$

225,226

303,529

(16,171)

66,876

354,234

(22,307)

192,430

261,179

(11,464)

48,779

298,494

(21,092)

$

331,927

$

277,402

$

73,629

29,590

44,039

(4,885)

20,475

59,629

(138)

59,491

75,146

32,796

42,350

(4,707)

18,097

55,740

(1,215)

54,525

73

Supplemental Information - continued

Net Operating Income by Segment for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 - continued

The elements of our New York and Other NOI for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 are summarized

below.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York:

Office

Retail

Residential

Alexander's

Hotel Pennsylvania

Total New York

Other:

theMART

555 California Street

Other investments

Total Other

NOI at share

For the Three Months Ended

December 31, 2017

September 30, 2017

$

189,481

$

90,853

5,920

11,656

6,318

304,228

24,249

12,003

23,377

59,629

185,169

90,088

5,981

11,937

5,319

298,494

26,019

11,519

18,202

55,740

$

363,857

$

354,234

The elements of our New York and Other NOI - cash basis for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017

are summarized below.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York:

Office

Retail

Residential

Alexander's

Hotel Pennsylvania

Total New York

Other:

theMART

555 California Street

Other investments

Total Other

NOI at share - cash basis

For the Three Months Ended

December 31, 2017

September 30, 2017

$

175,787

$

83,320

5,325

12,004

6,351

282,787

24,396

11,916

23,179

59,491

172,741

81,612

5,417

12,280

5,352

277,402

25,417

10,889

18,219

54,525

$

342,278

$

331,927

74

Supplemental Information - continued

Reconciliation of Net Income to Net Operating Income for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017

Below is a reconciliation of net income to NOI for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017.

(Amounts in thousands)

Net income (loss)

Deduct:

Our share of (income) loss from partially owned entities

Our share of (income) loss from real estate fund investments

Interest and other investment income, net

(Income) loss from discontinued operations

NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add:

Depreciation and amortization expense

General and administrative expense

Acquisition and transaction related costs

NOI from partially owned entities

Interest and debt expense

Income tax expense

NOI at share

Non cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net and other

For the Three Months Ended

December 31, 2017

September 30, 2017

$

53,551

$

(10,754)

(9,622)

(4,889)

(9,993)

(1,273)

(16,533)

114,166

36,838

703

69,175

93,073

38,661

363,857

(21,579)

41,801

6,308

(9,306)

47,930

(16,171)

104,972

36,261

61

66,876

85,068

1,188

354,234

(22,307)

331,927

NOI at share - cash basis

$

342,278

$

75

Supplemental Information - continued

Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to September 30, 2017

Same Store Net Operating Income

Same store NOI represents NOI from operations which are owned by us and in service in both the current and prior year reporting
periods.  Same store NOI - cash basis is NOI from operations before straight-line rental income and expense, amortization of acquired
below and above market leases, net and other non-cash adjustments which are owned by us and in service in both the current and prior
year reporting periods.  We present these non-GAAP measures to (i) facilitate meaningful comparisons of the operational performance
of our properties and segments, (ii) make decisions on whether to buy, sell or refinance properties, and (iii) compare the performance of
our properties and segments to those of our peers.  Same store NOI and same store NOI - cash basis should not be considered as an
alternative  to  net  income  or  cash  flow  from  operations  and  may  not  be  comparable  to  similarly  titled  measures  employed  by  other
companies.

Below are reconciliations of NOI to same store NOI for our New York segment, theMART and 555 California Street for the three

months ended December 31, 2017 compared to September 30, 2017.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York

theMART

555 California Street

NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2017

$

304,228

$

24,249

$

12,003

2

(8)

161

(984)

(13)

303,386

298,494

—

(15)

192

(185)

(584)

297,902

5,484

1.8%

$

$

$

$

(46)

—

—

—

—

24,203

26,019

41

—

—

—

—

26,060

(1,857)

(7.1)% (1)

$

$

$

$

—

—

—

—

—

12,003

11,519

—

—

—

—

—

11,519

484

4.2%

Less NOI at share from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination income, net of straight-line and FAS 141 adjustments

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2017

NOI at share for the three months ended September 30, 2017

Less NOI at share from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination income, net of straight-line and FAS 141 adjustments

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share for the three months ended September 30, 2017

Increase (decrease) in same store NOI at share for the three months ended

December 31, 2017 compared to September 30, 2017

% increase (decrease) in same store NOI at share

________________________________________
(1) Excluding tradeshows seasonality, same store NOI increased by 0.3%. 

$

$

$

$

76

Supplemental Information - continued

Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to September 30, 2017 - continued

Same Store Net Operating Income - continued

Below are reconciliations of NOI - cash basis to same store NOI - cash basis for our New York segment, theMART and 555 California

Street for the three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to September 30, 2017.

(Amounts in thousands)

New York

theMART

555 California Street

NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 31, 2017

$

282,787

$

24,396

$

11,916

Less NOI at share - cash basis from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination income

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 31,

2017

NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended September 30, 2017

Less NOI at share - cash basis from:

Acquisitions

Dispositions

Development properties placed into and out of service

Lease termination income

Other non-operating income, net

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended September 30,

2017

Increase (decrease) in same store NOI at share - cash basis for the three months

ended December 31, 2017 compared to September 30, 2017

$

$

$

$

% increase (decrease) in same store NOI at share - cash basis

________________________________________
(1) Excluding tradeshows seasonality, same store NOI increased by 3.9%. 

2

(8)

160

(1,393)

(13)

281,535

277,402

—

(15)

194

(285)

(584)

276,712

4,823

1.7%

$

$

$

$

(46)

—

—

—

—

24,350

25,417

41

—

—

—

—

25,458

(1,108)

(4.4)% (1)

$

$

$

$

—

—

—

—

—

11,916

10,889

—

—

—

—

—

10,889

1,027

9.4%

77

Related Party Transactions

Alexander’s, Inc.

We own 32.4% of Alexander’s. Steven Roth, the Chairman of Vornado’s Board of Trustee’s and its Chief Executive Officer is also
the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Alexander’s.  We provide various services to Alexander’s in accordance with
management, development and leasing agreements.  These agreements are described in Note 5 - Investments in Partially Owned Entities
to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Urban Edge Properties

We own 4.5% of UE.  In 2017 and 2016, we provided UE with information technology support.  UE is providing us with leasing,
development and property management services for (i) certain small retail properties that we plan to sell and (ii) our affiliate, Alexander's,
Rego retail assets. Fees to UE for servicing the retail assets of Alexander’s are similar to the fees that we are receiving from Alexander’s
as described in Note 5 - Investments in Partially Owned Entities to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form
10-K.

Interstate Properties (“Interstate”)

Interstate is a general partnership in which Mr. Roth is the managing general partner. David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr.,
Trustees of Vornado and Directors of Alexander’s, are Interstate’s two other general partners. As of December 31, 2017, Interstate and
its partners beneficially owned an aggregate of approximately 7.2% of the common shares of beneficial interest of Vornado and 26.2%
of Alexander’s common stock. 

We manage and lease the real estate assets of Interstate pursuant to a management agreement for which we receive an annual fee
equal to 4% of annual base rent and percentage rent.  The management agreement has a term of 1 year and is automatically renewable
unless terminated by either of the parties on 60 days’ notice at the end of the term.  We believe, based upon comparable fees charged by
other  real  estate  companies,  that  the  management  agreement  terms  are  fair  to  us.  We  earned  $501,000,  $521,000,  and  $541,000  of
management fees under the agreement for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

78

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources

Property rental income is our primary source of cash flow and is dependent upon the occupancy and rental rates of our properties.
Our  cash  requirements  include  property  operating  expenses,  capital  improvements,  tenant  improvements,  debt  service,  leasing
commissions,  dividends  to  shareholders  and  distributions  to  unitholders  of  the  Operating  Partnership,  as  well  as  acquisition  and
development costs.    Other sources of liquidity to fund cash requirements include proceeds from debt financings, including mortgage
loans, senior unsecured borrowings, unsecured term loan and unsecured revolving credit facilities; proceeds from the issuance of common
and preferred equity securities; and asset sales. 

We anticipate that cash flow from continuing operations over the next twelve months will be adequate to fund our business operations,
cash distributions to unitholders of the Operating Partnership, cash dividends to shareholders, debt amortization and recurring capital
expenditures.  Capital requirements for development expenditures and acquisitions may require funding from borrowings and/or equity
offerings.

We may from time to time purchase or retire outstanding preferred shares/units and debt securities.  Such purchases, if any, will
depend  on  prevailing  market  conditions,  liquidity  requirements  and  other  factors.   The  amounts  involved  in  connection  with  these
transactions could be material to our consolidated financial statements.

Dividends

On January 17, 2018, Vornado declared a quarterly common dividend of $0.63 per share (an indicated annual rate of $2.52 per
common share).  This dividend, when declared by the Board of Trustees for all of 2018, will require Vornado to pay out approximately
$479,000,000 of cash for common share dividends.  In addition, during 2018, Vornado expects to pay approximately $68,000,000 of cash
dividends on outstanding preferred shares and approximately $32,000,000 of cash distributions to unitholders of the Operating Partnership.

79

 
 
 
  
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued

Financing Activities and Contractual Obligations

We have an effective shelf registration for the offering of our equity and debt securities that is not limited in amount due to our status
as a “well-known seasoned issuer.”  We have issued senior unsecured notes from a shelf registration statement that contain financial
covenants that restrict our ability to incur debt, and that require us to maintain a level of unencumbered assets based on the level of our
secured debt.  Our unsecured revolving credit facilities contain financial covenants that require us to maintain minimum interest coverage
and maximum debt to market capitalization ratios, and provide for higher interest rates in the event of a decline in our ratings below
Baa3/BBB.  Our unsecured revolving credit facilities also contain customary conditions precedent to borrowing, including representations
and warranties, and contain customary events of default that could give rise to accelerated repayment, including such items as failure to
pay interest or principal.  As of December 31, 2017, we are in compliance with all of the financial covenants required by our senior
unsecured notes and our unsecured revolving credit facilities.

As of December 31, 2017, we had $1,817,655,000 of cash and cash equivalents and $2,491,062,000 of borrowing capacity under
our unsecured revolving credit facilities, net of letters of credit of $8,938,000.  A summary of our consolidated debt as of December 31,
2017 and 2016 is presented below.

(Amounts in thousands)

2017

2016

Consolidated debt:

Variable rate

Fixed rate

Total

Deferred financing costs, net and other

Total, net

December 31,
Balance

Weighted
Average
Interest Rate

December 31,
Balance

Weighted
Average
Interest Rate

$

$

3,492,133

6,311,706

9,803,839

(74,352)

9,729,487

3.19%

3.72%

3.53%

$

$

3,217,763

6,329,547

9,547,310

(100,640)

9,446,670

2.45%

3.65%

3.25%

During 2018 and 2019, $139,752,000 and $210,808,000, respectively, of our outstanding debt matures; we may refinance this maturing
debt as it comes due or choose to repay it using cash and cash equivalents or our unsecured revolving credit facilities.  We may also
refinance or prepay other outstanding debt depending on prevailing market conditions, liquidity requirements and other factors.  The
amounts involved in connection with these transactions could be material to our consolidated financial statements.

Below is a schedule of our contractual obligations and commitments at December 31, 2017.

(Amounts in thousands)
Contractual cash obligations (principal and interest(1)):

Notes and mortgages payable

Operating leases

Purchase obligations, primarily construction commitments

Senior unsecured notes due 2025

Senior unsecured notes due 2022

Capital lease obligations

Unsecured term loan

Total contractual cash obligations

Commitments:

Capital commitments to partially owned entities

Standby letters of credit

Total commitments

Total

Less than
1 Year

1 – 3 Years

3 – 5 Years

Thereafter

$

9,121,794

$

2,281,579

$

3,263,813

$

2,720,087

$

856,315

1,287,568

564,573

561,388

480,833

360,870

761,475

13,138,501

41,709

8,938

50,647

$

$

$

$

$

$

33,703

564,573

15,750

20,000

13,508

761,475

3,690,588

41,709

8,938

50,647

$

$

$

69,080

—

31,500

40,000

25,016

—

71,614

1,113,171

—

31,500

420,833

25,016

—

—

482,638

—

297,330

—

3,429,409

$

3,269,050

$

2,749,454

— $

—

— $

— $

—

— $

—

—

—

____________________
(1)

Interest on variable rate debt is computed using rates in effect at December 31, 2017. 

80

 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued

Financing Activities and Contractual Obligations – continued

Details of 2017 financing activities are provided in the “Overview” of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions

and Results of Operations.  Details of 2016 financing activities are discussed below.

Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility

On November 7, 2016, we extended one of our two $1.25 billion unsecured revolving credit facilities from June 2017 to February
2021 with two six-month extension options.  The interest rate on the extended facility was lowered from LIBOR plus 115 basis points
to LIBOR plus 100 basis points.  The facility fee remains unchanged at 20 basis points.

Secured Debt

On February 8, 2016, we completed a $700,000,000 refinancing of 770 Broadway, a 1,158,000 square foot Manhattan office building.
The five-year loan is interest only at LIBOR plus 1.75%, which was swapped for four and a half years to a fixed rate of 2.56%.  The
Company realized net proceeds of approximately $330,000,000.  The property was previously encumbered by a 5.65%, $353,000,000
mortgage which was scheduled to mature in March 2016.

On May 16, 2016, we completed a $300,000,000 recourse financing of 7 West 34th Street.  The ten-year loan is interest only at a

fixed rate of 3.65% and matures in June 2026.

On September 6, 2016, we completed a $675,000,000 refinancing of theMART, a 3,652,000 square foot commercial building in
Chicago.   The  five-year  loan  is  interest  only  and  has  a  fixed  rate  of  2.70%.   The  Company  realized  net  proceeds  of  approximately
$124,000,000.  The property was previously encumbered by a 5.57%, $550,000,000 mortgage which was scheduled to mature in December
2016.

On December 2, 2016, we completed a $400,000,000 refinancing of 350 Park Avenue, a 571,000 square foot Manhattan office
building.   The  ten-year  loan  is  interest  only  and  has  a  fixed  rate  of  3.92%.   The  Company  realized  net  proceeds  of  approximately
$111,000,000.  The property was previously encumbered by a 3.75%, $284,000,000 mortgage which was scheduled to mature in January
2017.

Preferred Securities

On September 1, 2016, we redeemed all of the outstanding 6.875% Series J cumulative redeemable preferred shares/units at their
redemption price of $25.00 per share/unit, or $246,250,000 in the aggregate, plus accrued and unpaid dividends/distributions through
the date of redemption.  In connection therewith, we expensed $7,408,000 of issuance costs, which reduced net income attributable to
common shareholders and net income attributable to Class A unitholders in the twelve months ended December 31, 2016.  These costs
had been initially recorded as a reduction of shareholders’ equity and partners’ capital. 

81

 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued

Acquisitions and Investments

Details of 2017 acquisition activity is provided in the "Overview" of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions

and Results of Operations. Details of 2016 acquisitions and investments are discussed below.

On March 17, 2016, we entered into a joint venture, in which we own a 33.3% interest, which owns a $150,000,000 mezzanine loan
with an interest rate of LIBOR plus 8.88% and an initial maturity date in November 2016, with two three-month extension options.  On
November 9, 2016, the mezzanine loan was extended to May 2017 with an interest rate of LIBOR plus 9.42% during the extension period.
As of December 31, 2016, the joint venture has fully funded its commitments.  The joint venture’s investment is subordinate to $350,000,000
of third party debt.  We account for our investment in the joint venture under the equity method.

On May 20, 2016, we contributed $19,650,000 for a 50.0% equity interest in a joint venture that will develop 606 Broadway, a 34,000
square foot office and retail building, located on Houston Street in Manhattan.  The development cost of this project is estimated to be
approximately $104,000,000.  At closing, the joint venture obtained a $65,000,000 construction loan, of which approximately $25,800,000
was outstanding at December 31, 2016.  The loan, which bears interest at LIBOR plus 3.00%, matures in May 2019 with two one-year
extension options.  Because this joint venture is a VIE and we determined we are the primary beneficiary, we consolidate the accounts
of this joint venture from the date of our investment.

Certain Future Cash Requirements

Capital Expenditures

The following table summarizes anticipated 2018 capital expenditures.

(Amounts in millions, except square foot data)

Expenditures to maintain assets

Tenant improvements

Leasing commissions

Total capital expenditures and leasing commissions

Total

New York

theMART

$

$

109.0

$

75.0

25.0

90.0

58.0

22.0

$

15.0

$

9.0

1.0

209.0

$

170.0

$

25.0

$

555 California
Street

4.0

8.0

2.0

14.0

100

10

1,000

10

200

8

$

$

80.00

8.00

$

$

50.00

6.25

$

$

100.00

10.00

Square feet budgeted to be leased (in thousands)

Weighted average lease term (years)

Tenant improvements and leasing commissions:

Per square foot

Per square foot per annum

The table above excludes anticipated capital expenditures of each of our partially owned non-consolidated subsidiaries, as these

entities fund their capital expenditures without additional equity contributions from us.  

82

 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued

Development and Redevelopment Expenditures

We  are  constructing  a  residential  condominium  tower  containing  397,000  salable  square  feet  at  220  Central  Park  South.  The
development cost of this project (exclusive of land cost of $515 million) is estimated to be approximately $1.4 billion, of which $890
million has been expended as of December 31, 2017. 

We are developing a 173,000 square foot Class A office building, located along the western edge of the High Line at 512 West 22nd
Street in the West Chelsea submarket of Manhattan (55.0% interest).  The development cost of this project is estimated to be approximately
$130,000,000, of which our share is $72,000,000.  As of December 31, 2017, $73,890,000 has been expended, of which our share is
$40,640,000. 

We are developing a 170,000 square foot office and retail building at 61 Ninth Avenue, located on the southwest corner of Ninth
Avenue and 15th Street in the West Chelsea submarket of Manhattan (45.1% interest).  The development cost of this project is estimated
to be approximately $152,000,000, of which our share is $69,000,000.  As of December 31, 2017, $105,281,000 has been expended, of
which our share is $47,482,000. 

We are developing a 34,000 square foot office and retail building at 606 Broadway, located on the northeast corner of Broadway and
Houston  Street  in  Manhattan  (50.0%  interest).  The  venture’s  development  cost  of  this  project  is  estimated  to  be  approximately
$60,000,000, of which our share is $30,000,000. As of December 31, 2017, $34,189,000 has been expended, of which our share is
$17,095,000. 

A joint venture in which we have a 50.1% ownership interest is redeveloping the historic Farley Post Office building which will
include a new Moynihan Train Hall and approximately 850,000 rentable square feet of commercial space, comprised of approximately
730,000 square feet of office space and approximately 120,000 square feet of retail space.  As of December 31, 2017, $271,641,000 has
been expended, of which our share is $136,092,000. The joint venture has also entered into a development agreement with Empire State
Development (“ESD”) and a design-build contract with Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders.  Under the development agreement with
ESD, the joint venture is obligated to build the Moynihan Train Hall, with Vornado and Related Companies ("Related") each guaranteeing
the joint venture’s obligations.  Under the design-build agreement, Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders is obligated to fulfill all of the
joint venture’s obligations.  The obligations of Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders have been bonded by Skanska USA and bear a
full guaranty from Skanska AB.  

We are redeveloping a 64,000 square foot Class A office building at 345 Montgomery Street, a part of our 555 California Street
complex in San Francisco (70.0% interest) located at the corner of California and Pine Street. The development cost of this project is
estimated to be approximately $46,000,000, of which our share is $32,000,000. As of December 31, 2017, $2,720,000 has been expended,
of which our share is $1,904,000.

We are also evaluating other development and redevelopment opportunities at certain of our properties in Manhattan, including, in

particular, the Penn Plaza District. 

There can be no assurance that any of our development or redevelopment projects will commence, or if commenced, be completed,

or completed on schedule or within budget.

83

 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued

Insurance 

We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, and all risk property and rental
value insurance with limits of $2.0 billion per occurrence, with sub-limits for certain perils such as flood and earthquake. Our California
properties have earthquake insurance with coverage of $180,000,000 per occurrence and in the aggregate, subject to a deductible in the
amount of 5% of the value of the affected property. We maintain coverage for terrorism acts with limits of $4.0 billion per occurrence
and in the aggregate, and $2.0 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate for terrorism involving nuclear, biological, chemical and
radiological (“NBCR”) terrorism events, as defined by Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015, which expires
in December 2020. 

Penn Plaza Insurance Company, LLC (“PPIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a re-insurer with respect to a
portion of all risk property and rental value insurance and a portion of our earthquake insurance coverage, and as a direct insurer for
coverage for acts of terrorism including NBCR acts. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third
party insurance companies and the Federal government with no exposure to PPIC. For NBCR acts, PPIC is responsible for a deductible
of $1,976,000 ($1,601,000 for 2018) and 17% (18% for 2018) of the balance of a covered loss and the Federal government is responsible
for the remaining portion of a covered loss. We are ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by PPIC. 

We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism.  However, we
cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible for deductibles and
losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material.

Our debt instruments, consisting of mortgage loans secured by our properties which are non-recourse to us, senior unsecured notes
and revolving credit agreements contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have
adequate insurance coverage for purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable
costs in the future. Further, if lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain it could adversely affect our ability to finance
our properties and expand our portfolio.

84

 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued

Other Commitments and Contingencies 

We are from time to time involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, after consultation with
legal counsel, the outcome of such matters is not currently expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results
of operations or cash flows. 

Each of our properties has been subjected to varying degrees of environmental assessment at various times. The environmental
assessments did not reveal any material environmental contamination. However, there can be no assurance that the identification of new
areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, the discovery of additional sites, or changes in cleanup
requirements would not result in significant costs to us. 

Generally, our mortgage loans are non-recourse to us.  However, in certain cases we have provided guarantees or master leased tenant
space.  These guarantees and master leases terminate either upon the satisfaction of specified circumstances or repayment of the underlying
loans.  As of December 31, 2017, the aggregate dollar amount of these guarantees and master leases is approximately $668,000,000. 

As of December 31, 2017, $8,938,000 of letters of credit was outstanding under one of our unsecured revolving credit facilities.
Our unsecured revolving credit facilities contain financial covenants that require us to maintain minimum interest coverage and maximum
debt to market capitalization ratios, and provide for higher interest rates in the event of a decline in our ratings below Baa3/BBB. Our
unsecured revolving credit facilities also contain customary conditions precedent to borrowing, including representations and warranties,
and also contain customary events of default that could give rise to accelerated repayment, including such items as failure to pay interest
or principal. 

In September 2016, our 50.1% joint venture with Related was designated by ESD, an entity of New York State, to redevelop the
historic Farley Post Office Building. The joint venture entered into a development agreement with ESD and a design-build contract with
Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders. Under the development agreement with ESD, the joint venture is obligated to build the Moynihan
Train Hall, with Vornado and Related each guaranteeing the joint venture’s obligations. Under the design-build agreement, Skanska
Moynihan Train Hall Builders is obligated to fulfill all of the joint venture’s obligations. The obligations of Skanska Moynihan Train
Hall Builders have been bonded by Skanska USA and bear a full guaranty from Skanska AB. 

As of December 31, 2017, we expect to fund additional capital to certain of our partially owned entities aggregating approximately

$42,000,000. 

As of December 31, 2017, we have construction commitments aggregating approximately $422,000,000.

85

 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued

Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2017 

Our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were $1,914,812,000 at December 31, 2017, a $315,481,000 increase from the
balance at December 31, 2016.  Our consolidated outstanding debt, net, was $9,729,487,000 at December 31, 2017, a $282,817,000
increase from the balance at December 31, 2016.  As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $0 and $115,630,000, respectively,
was  outstanding  under  our  revolving  credit  facilities.   During  2018  and  2019,  $139,752,000  and  $210,808,000,  respectively,  of  our
outstanding debt matures; we may refinance this maturing debt as it comes due or choose to repay it.

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities of $860,142,000 was comprised of (i) net income of $264,128,000, (ii) $524,166,000 of
non-cash adjustments, which include depreciation and amortization expense, amortization of below-market leases, net, the effect of
straight-lining of rents, change in allowance for deferred tax assets, equity in net income from partially owned entities, net realized and
unrealized losses on real estate fund investments, net gains on sale of real estate and other and net gains on disposition of wholly owned
and partially owned assets, (iii) return of capital from real estate fund investments of $91,606,000 and (iv) distributions of income from
partially owned entities of $82,095,000, partially offset by (v) the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $101,853,000.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net  cash  used  in  investing  activities  of  $206,317,000  was  primarily  comprised  of  (i)  $355,852,000  of  development  costs  and
construction in progress, (ii) $271,308,000 of additions to real estate, (iii) $40,537,000 of investments in partially owned entities and (iv)
$30,607,000 of acquisitions of real estate and other, partially offset by (v) $366,155,000 of capital distributions from partially owned
entities, (vi) $115,630,000 of proceeds from the repayment of a loan receivable from JBGS and (vii) $9,543,000 of proceeds from sales
of real estate and related investments.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities of Vornado Realty Trust of $338,344,000 was primarily comprised of (i) $631,681,000 of
repayments of borrowings, (ii) $496,490,000 of dividends paid on common shares, (iii) $416,237,000 of cash and cash equivalents and
restricted cash included in the spin-off of JBGS, (iv) $109,697,000 of distributions to noncontrolling interests, (v) $64,516,000 of dividends
paid on preferred shares, (vi) $12,325,000 of debt issuance costs and (vii) $3,217,000 of debt prepayment and extinguishment costs,
partially offset by (viii) $1,055,872,000 of proceeds from borrowings, (ix) $309,609,000 of proceeds from the issuance of preferred shares
and (x) $29,712,000 of proceeds received from exercise of employee share options and other.

Net cash used in financing activities of the Operating Partnership of $338,344,000 was primarily comprised of (i) $631,681,000 of
repayments of borrowings, (ii) $496,490,000 of distributions to Vornado, (iii) $416,237,000 of cash and cash equivalents and restricted
cash included in the spin-off of JBGS, (iv) $109,697,000 of distributions to redeemable security holders and noncontrolling interests in
consolidated subsidiaries, (v) $64,516,000 of distributions to preferred unitholders, (vi) $12,325,000 of debt issuance costs and (vii)
$3,217,000 of debt prepayment and extinguishment costs, partially offset by (viii) $1,055,872,000 of proceeds from borrowings, (ix)
$309,609,000 of proceeds from the issuance of preferred units and (x) $29,712,000 of proceeds received from exercise of Vornado stock
options and other.

86

 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued

Capital Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2017 

Capital expenditures consist of expenditures to maintain assets, tenant improvement allowances and leasing commissions.  Recurring
capital expenditures include expenditures to maintain a property’s competitive position within the market and tenant improvements and
leasing commissions necessary to re-lease expiring leases or renew or extend existing leases.  Non-recurring capital improvements include
expenditures to lease space that has been vacant for more than nine months and expenditures completed in the year of acquisition and
the following two years that were planned at the time of acquisition, as well as tenant improvements and leasing commissions for space
that was vacant at the time of acquisition of a property. 

Below is a summary of capital expenditures, leasing commissions and a reconciliation of total expenditures on an accrual basis to

the cash expended in the year ended December 31, 2017.

(Amounts in thousands)

Expenditures to maintain assets

Tenant improvements

Leasing commissions

Non-recurring capital expenditures

Total

New York

theMART

555 California
Street

Other

$

100,556

$

73,745

$

11,725

$

89,696

30,165

80,461

42,475

21,183

68,977

9,423

1,190

1,092

$

7,893

6,652

2,147

6,208

22,900

7,193

31,146

5,645

4,184

48,168

Total capital expenditures and leasing commissions (accrual basis)

300,878

206,380

23,430

Adjustments to reconcile to cash basis:

Expenditures in the current period applicable to prior periods

Expenditures to be made in future periods for the current period

153,511

(142,877)

101,500

(90,798)

Total capital expenditures and leasing commissions (cash basis)

$

311,512

$

217,082

Tenant improvements and leasing commissions:

Per square foot per annum

Percentage of initial rent

$

9.51

$

10.21

11.1%

10.9%

8,784

(9,011)

23,203

5.13

10.8%

$

$

$

$

17,906

(3,301)

37,505

$

25,321

(39,767)
33,722 (1)

10.33

11.7%

n/a

n/a

__________
(1)   Effective July 17, 2017, the date of the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment, capital expenditures and leasing commissions by our former Washington, DC segment
have been reclassified to the Other segment. We have reclassified the prior period capital expenditures and leasing commissions to conform to the current period
presentation.

Development and Redevelopment Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2017 

Development and redevelopment expenditures consist of all hard and soft costs associated with the development or redevelopment
of a property, including capitalized interest, debt and operating costs until the property is substantially completed and ready for its intended
use.  Our development project budgets below include initial leasing costs, which are reflected as non-recurring capital expenditures in
the table above.

Below  is  a  summary  of  development  and  redevelopment  expenditures  incurred  in  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017.  These
expenditures include interest of $48,230,000, payroll of $6,044,000, and other soft costs (primarily architectural and engineering fees,
permits, real estate taxes and professional fees) aggregating $28,197,000, which were capitalized in connection with the development
and redevelopment of these projects.

(Amounts in thousands)

220 Central Park South

606 Broadway

90 Park Avenue

Penn Plaza

345 Montgomery Street

theMART

304 Canal Street

Other

Total

New York

theMART

555 California
Street

Other

$

265,791

$

— $

— $

— $

265,791

15,997

7,523

7,107

5,950

5,682

3,973

43,829

15,997

7,523

7,107

—

—

3,973

8,774

—

—

—

—

5,682

—

459

—

—

—

5,950

—

—

6,465

$

355,852

$

43,374

$

6,141

$

12,415

$

—

—

—

—

—

—

28,131

293,922

87

 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued

Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were $1,599,331,000 at December 31, 2016, a $344,184,000 decrease from the
balance at December 31, 2015.  Our consolidated outstanding debt, net, was $9,446,670,000 at December 31, 2016, a $351,000,000
increase from the balance at December 31, 2015. 

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Cash flows provided by operating activities of $995,080,000 was comprised of (i) net income of $981,922,000, (ii) distributions of
income from partially owned entities of $214,800,000, (iii) return of capital from real estate fund investments of $71,888,000, partially
offset by (iv) $197,568,000 of non-cash adjustments, which include depreciation and amortization expense, net gain on extinguishment
of Skyline properties debt, net gains on the disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets, equity in net income from partially
owned entities, real estate impairment losses, the effect of straight-lining of rental income, amortization of below-market leases, net, net
realized and unrealized losses on real estate fund investments and net gains on sale of real estate and other, and (v) the net change in
operating assets and liabilities of $75,962,000.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net  cash  used  in  investing  activities  of  $893,110,000  was  primarily  comprised  of  (i)  $606,565,000  of  development  costs  and
construction in progress, (ii) $387,545,000 of additions to real estate, (iii) $127,608,000 of investments in partially owned entities, (iv)
$91,103,000 of acquisitions of real estate and other, (v) $48,000,000 due to the net deconsolidation of 7 West 34th Street, (vi) $11,700,000
of investments in loans receivable, and (vii) $4,379,000 in purchases of marketable securities, partially offset by (viii) $196,635,000 of
capital distributions from partially owned entities, (ix) $183,173,000 of proceeds from sales of real estate and related investments, and
(x) $3,937,000 of proceeds from the sale of marketable securities.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities of Vornado Realty Trust of $446,154,000 was comprised of (i) $1,894,990,000 for the repayments
of borrowings, (ii) $475,961,000 of dividends paid on common shares, (iii) $246,250,000 for the redemption of preferred shares, (iv)
$130,590,000 of distributions to noncontrolling interests, (v) $80,137,000 of dividends paid on preferred shares, (vi) $42,157,000 of debt
issuance costs, and (vii) $186,000 for the repurchase of shares related to stock compensation agreements and related tax withholdings
and other, partially offset by (viii) $2,403,898,000 of proceeds from borrowings, (ix) $11,950,000 of contributions from noncontrolling
interests and (x) $8,269,000 of proceeds received from the exercise of employee share options and other.

Net cash used in financing activities of the Operating Partnership of $446,154,000 was comprised of (i) $1,894,990,000 for the
repayments of borrowings, (ii) $475,961,000 of distributions to Vornado, (iii) $246,250,000 for the redemption of preferred units, (iv)
$130,590,000 of distributions to redeemable security holders and noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries, (v) $80,137,000
of distributions to preferred unitholders, (vi) $42,157,000 of debt issuance costs, and (vii) $186,000 for the repurchase of Class A units
related to equity compensation agreements and related tax withholdings and other, partially offset by (viii) $2,403,898,000 of proceeds
from borrowings, (ix) $11,950,000 of contributions from noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries and (x) $8,269,000 of
proceeds received from the exercise of Vornado stock options and other.

88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued

Capital Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Below is a summary of capital expenditures, leasing commissions and a reconciliation of total expenditures on an accrual basis to

the cash expended in the year ended December 31, 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

Expenditures to maintain assets

Tenant improvements

Leasing commissions

Non-recurring capital expenditures

Total

New York

theMART

555 California
Street

Other

$

16,343

$

$

114,031

$

86,630

38,938

55,636

67,239

63,995

32,475

41,322

6,722

1,355

1,518

25,938

24,314

1,654

51,906

5.57

11.6%

$

$

$

5,704

3,201

1,041

3,900

13,846

24,745

12,712

4,067

8,896

50,420

12,708

(3,056)

23,498

$

71,935

(16,357)
105,998 (1)

9.08

11.8%

n/a

n/a

Total capital expenditures and leasing commissions (accrual basis)

295,235

205,031

Adjustments to reconcile to cash basis:

Expenditures in the current period applicable to prior periods

268,101

159,144

Expenditures to be made in future periods for the current period

(117,910)

(100,151)

Total capital expenditures and leasing commissions (cash basis)

Tenant improvements and leasing commissions:

Per square foot per annum

Percentage of initial rent

__________

$

$

445,426

7.79

10.0%

$

$

264,024

7.98

9.7%

$

$

(1)   Effective July 17, 2017, the date of the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment, capital expenditures and leasing commissions by our former Washington, DC segment
have been reclassified to the Other segment. We have reclassified the prior period capital expenditures and leasing commissions to conform to the current period
presentation.

Development and Redevelopment Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Below  is  a  summary  of  development  and  redevelopment  expenditures  incurred  in  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016.  These
expenditures include interest of $34,097,000, payroll of $12,516,000, and other soft costs (primarily architectural and engineering fees,
permits, real estate taxes and professional fees) aggregating $46,995,000, which were capitalized in connection with the development
and redevelopment of these projects.

(Amounts in thousands)

220 Central Park South

640 Fifth Avenue

90 Park Avenue

theMART

Penn Plaza

Wayne Towne Center

330 West 34th Street

Other

__________

Total

New York

theMART

555 California
Street

Other

$

303,974

$

— $

— $

— $

303,974

46,282

33,308

24,788

11,904

8,461

5,492

172,356

46,282

33,308

—

11,904

—

5,492

21,217

—

—

24,788

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

8,461

—

1,384

9,150

140,605 (1)

$

606,565

$

118,203

$

26,172

$

9,150

$

453,040

(1)   Primarily relates to our former Washington, DC segment which was spun-off on July 17, 2017.

89

 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued

Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2015 

Our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were $1,943,515,000 at December 31, 2015, a $558,526,000 increase over the
balance at December 31, 2014.  Our consolidated outstanding debt, net, was $9,095,670,000 at December 31, 2015, a $1,537,793,000
increase from the balance at December 31, 2014. 

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Cash flows provided by operating activities of $672,091,000 was comprised of (i) net income of $859,430,000, (ii) return of capital
from real estate fund investments of $91,458,000, and (iii) distributions of income from partially owned entities of $66,819,000, partially
offset by (iv) $81,654,000 of non-cash adjustments, which include depreciation and amortization expense, net gains on the disposition
of wholly owned and partially owned assets, the effect of straight-lining of rental income, change in allowance for deferred tax assets,
amortization of below-market leases, net, net gains on sale of real estate and other, net realized and unrealized gains on real estate fund
investments, equity in net loss from partially owned entities and real estate impairment losses, and (v) the net change in operating assets
and liabilities of $263,962,000 (including $95,010,000 related to real estate fund investments). 

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities of $732,424,000 was comprised of (i) $558,484,000 of acquisitions of real estate and other, (ii)
$475,819,000 of development costs and construction in progress, (iii) $301,413,000 of additions to real estate, (iv) $235,439,000 of
investments in partially owned entities, and (v) $1,000,000 of investment in loans receivable, partially offset by (vi) $786,924,000 of
proceeds from sales of real estate and related investments, (vii) $36,017,000 of capital distributions from partially owned entities, and
(viii) $16,790,000 of proceeds from repayments of mortgage loans receivable.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities of Vornado Realty Trust of $618,859,000 was comprised of (i) $4,468,872,000 of proceeds
from borrowings, (ii) $51,975,000 of contributions from noncontrolling interests, and (iii) $16,779,000 of proceeds received from exercise
of employee share options and other, partially offset by (iv) $2,936,578,000 for the repayments of borrowings, (v) $474,751,000 of
dividends paid on common shares, (vi) $234,967,000 of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the spin-off of UE,
(vii) $102,866,000 of distributions to noncontrolling interests, (viii) $80,578,000 of dividends paid on preferred shares, (ix) $66,554,000
of debt issuance costs, (x) $15,000,000 of debt extinguishment costs and (xi) $7,473,000 for the repurchase of shares related to stock
compensation agreements and related tax withholdings and other.

Net cash provided by financing activities of the Operating Partnership of $618,859,000 was comprised of (i) $4,468,872,000 of
proceeds  from  borrowings,  (ii)  $51,975,000  of  contributions  from  noncontrolling  interests  in  consolidated  subsidiaries,  and  (iii)
$16,779,000  of  proceeds  received  from  exercise  of Vornado  stock  options  and  other,  partially  offset  by  (iv)  $2,936,578,000  for  the
repayments of borrowings, (v) $474,751,000 of distributions to Vornado, (vi) $234,967,000 of cash and cash equivalents and restricted
cash included in the spin-off of UE, (vii) $102,866,000 of distributions to redeemable security holders and noncontrolling interests in
consolidated  subsidiaries,  (viii)  $80,578,000  of  distributions  to  preferred  unitholders,  (ix)  $66,554,000  of  debt  issuance  costs,  (x)
$15,000,000 of debt extinguishment costs and (xi) $7,473,000 for the repurchase of Class A units related to stock compensation agreements
and related tax withholdings and other.

90

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued

Capital Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2015 

Below is a summary of capital expenditures, leasing commissions and a reconciliation of total expenditures on an accrual basis to

the cash expended in the year ended December 31, 2015.

Total

New York

theMART

555 California
Street

Other

(Amounts in thousands)

Expenditures to maintain assets

Tenant improvements

Leasing commissions

Non-recurring capital expenditures

Total capital expenditures and leasing commissions (accrual basis)

Adjustments to reconcile to cash basis:

$

125,215

$

153,696

50,081

116,875

445,867

57,752

68,869

35,099

81,240

242,960

Expenditures in the current year applicable to prior periods

156,753

93,105

Expenditures to be made in future periods for the current period

(222,469)

(118,911)

Total capital expenditures and leasing commissions (cash basis)

Tenant improvements and leasing commissions:

Per square foot per annum

Percentage of initial rent

$

$

380,151

9.10

9.8%

$

$

217,154

10.20

8.9%

$

$

$

33,958

$

30,246

7,175

411

71,790

16,849

(37,949)

50,690

6.02

15.6%

$

$

$

7,916

3,084

1,046

796

25,589

51,497

6,761

34,428

12,842

118,275

10,994

7,618

31,454

$

35,805

(73,227)
80,853 (1)

8.13

9.7%

n/a

n/a

__________
(1) Effective July 17, 2017, the date of the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment, capital expenditures and leasing commissions by our former Washington, DC segment
have been reclassified to the Other segment. We have reclassified the prior period capital expenditures and leasing commissions to conform to the current period
presentation.

Development and Redevelopment Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2015 

Below  is  a  summary  of  development  and  redevelopment  expenditures  incurred  in  the  year  ended  December  31,  2015.  These
expenditures include interest of $59,305,000, payroll of $6,077,000, and other soft costs (primarily architectural and engineering fees,
permits, real estate taxes and professional fees) aggregating $90,922,000, which were capitalized in connection with the development
and redevelopment of these projects.

(Amounts in thousands)

220 Central Park South

330 West 34th Street

90 Park Avenue

Marriott Marquis Times Square - retail and signage

Wayne Towne Center

640 Fifth Avenue

Penn Plaza

Other

__________

Total

New York

theMART

555 California
Street

Other

$

158,014

$

— $

— $

— $

158,014

32,613

29,937

21,929

20,633

17,899

17,701

192,093

32,613

29,937

21,929

—

17,899

17,701

8,100

$

490,819

$

128,179

$

—

—

—

—

—

—

588

588

$

—

—

—

—

—

—

260

260

—

—

—

20,633

—

—

183,145 (1)

$

361,792

(1)   Primarily relates to our former Washington, DC segment which was spun-off on July 17, 2017.

91

 
 
 
 
Funds From Operations (“FFO”)

Vornado Realty Trust

FFO is computed in accordance with the definition adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate
Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”). NAREIT defines FFO as GAAP net income or loss adjusted to exclude net gains from sales of depreciated
real estate assets, real estate impairment losses, depreciation and amortization expense from real estate assets and other specified non-
cash items, including the pro rata share of such adjustments of unconsolidated subsidiaries.  FFO and FFO per diluted share are non-
GAAP financial measures used by management, investors and analysts to facilitate meaningful comparisons of operating performance
between periods and among our peers because it excludes the effect of real estate depreciation and amortization and net gains on sales,
which are based on historical costs and implicitly assume that the value of real estate diminishes predictably over time, rather than
fluctuating based on existing market conditions.  FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities and is not necessarily
indicative of cash available to fund cash requirements and should not be considered as an alternative to net income as a performance
measure or cash flow as a liquidity measure. FFO may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies. 

FFO attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversions was $717,805,000, or $3.75 per diluted share for the year ended
December 31, 2017, compared to $1,457,583,000, or $7.66 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2016. FFO attributable to
common shareholders plus assumed conversions was $153,151,000, or $0.80 per diluted share for the three months ended December 31,
2017, compared to $797,734,000, or $4.20 per diluted share for the three months ended December 31, 2016.  Details of certain items that
impact FFO are discussed in the financial results summary of our “Overview.”

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

Reconciliation of our net income to FFO:

Net income attributable to common shareholders

Per diluted share

FFO adjustments:

Depreciation and amortization of real property

Net gains on sale of real estate

Real estate impairment losses

Proportionate share of adjustments to equity in net income of partially owned

entities to arrive at FFO:

Depreciation and amortization of real property

Net gains on sale of real estate

Real estate impairment losses

Noncontrolling interests' share of above adjustments

FFO adjustments, net

FFO attributable to common shareholders

Convertible preferred share dividends

Earnings allocated to Out-Performance Plan units

FFO attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversions

Per diluted share

Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares

Weighted average common shares outstanding

Effect of dilutive securities:

Employee stock options and restricted share awards

Convertible preferred shares

Out-Performance Plan units

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

For the Year Ended 
December 31,

For the Three Months Ended
December 31,

2017

2016

2017

2016

162,017

0.85

$

$

823,606

4.34

$

$

27,319

0.14

$

$

651,181

3.43

467,966

$

531,620

$

106,017

$

(3,489)

—

(177,023)

160,700

137,000

(17,777)

7,692

591,392

(36,728)

554,664

716,681

77

1,047

717,805

3.75

$

$

$

$

154,795

(2,853)

6,328

673,567

(41,267)

632,300

1,455,906

86

1,591

1,457,583

7.66

$

$

$

$

308

—

28,247

(593)

145

134,124

(8,310)

125,814

153,133

18

—

153,151

0.80

$

$

$

$

133,389

(15,302)

—

37,160

(12)

792

156,027

(9,495)

146,532

797,713

21

—

797,734

4.20

189,526

188,837

189,898

189,013

1,448

46

284

1,064

42

230

1,122

43

—

1,055

40

—

Denominator for FFO per diluted share

191,304

190,173

191,063

190,108

92

 
 
 
 
ITEM 7A. 

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We have exposure to fluctuations in market interest rates. Market interest rates are sensitive to many factors that are beyond our
control. Our exposure to a change in interest rates on our consolidated and non-consolidated debt (all of which arises out of non-trading
activity) is as follows:

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

2017

2016

December 31,
Balance

Weighted
Average
Interest Rate

Effect of 1%
Change In
Base Rates

December 31,
Balance

Weighted
Average
Interest Rate

$

$

$

3,492,133

6,311,706

9,803,839

1,395,001

1,269,522

2,035,888

587,865

$

5,288,276

3.19%

3.72%

3.53%

3.24%

8.20%

4.89%

10.31%

5.85%

Consolidated debt:

Variable rate

Fixed rate

Pro rata share of debt of non-consolidated entities (non-

recourse):

Variable rate – excluding Toys "R" Us, Inc.

Variable rate – Toys "R" Us, Inc.

Fixed rate - excluding Toys "R" Us, Inc.

Fixed rate - Toys "R" Us, Inc.

Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated subsidiaries

Total change in annual net income attributable to the Operating

Partnership

Noncontrolling interests’ share of the Operating Partnership

Total change in annual net income attributable to Vornado

Total change in annual net income attributable to the Operating

Partnership per diluted Class A unit

Total change in annual net income attributable to Vornado per

diluted share

$

$

$

$

34,921

—

34,921

$

$

3,217,763

6,329,547

9,547,310

13,950

$

12,695

—

—

1,092,326

1,162,072

1,969,918

671,181

26,645

$

4,895,497

2.45%

3.65%

3.25%

2.50%

6.05%

5.15%

9.42%

5.36%

(1,456)

60,110

(3,727)

56,383

0.30

0.29

We may utilize various financial instruments to mitigate the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our cash flows and earnings,
including hedging strategies, depending on our analysis of the interest rate environment and the costs and risks of such strategies. As of
December 31, 2017, we have an interest rate swap on a $407,000,000 mortgage loan on Two Penn Plaza that swapped the rate from
LIBOR plus 1.65% (3.01% as of December 31, 2017) to a fixed rate of 4.78% through March 2018, an interest rate swap on a $375,000,000
mortgage loan on 888 Seventh Avenue that swapped the rate from LIBOR plus 1.60% (2.96% as of December 31, 2017) to a fixed rate
of 3.15% through December 2020 and an interest rate swap on a $700,000,000 mortgage loan on 770 Broadway that swapped the rate
from LIBOR plus 1.75% (3.15% as of December 31, 2017) to a fixed rate of 2.56% through September 2020.

Fair Value of Debt

The estimated fair value of our consolidated debt is calculated based on current market prices and discounted cash flows at the
current rate at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings for the remaining term of such debt.  As of
December 31, 2017, the estimated fair value of our consolidated debt was $9,822,000,000.

93

 
 
ITEM 8. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Vornado Realty Trust

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

 Vornado Realty L.P.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page
Number

95

96

97

98

99

102

105

106

107

108

109

112

115

94

 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Shareholders and Board of Trustees
Vornado Realty Trust
New York, New York

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Vornado Realty Trust and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December
31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows, for each
of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively
referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years
in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB),
the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control -
Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated
February 12, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company's  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the
Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of
the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or
fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Parsippany, New Jersey
February 12, 2018

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1976.

95

VORNADO REALTY TRUST
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands, except unit, share and per share amounts)

ASSETS

Real estate, at cost:

Land

Buildings and improvements

Development costs and construction in progress

Leasehold improvements and equipment

Total

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

Real estate, net

Cash and cash equivalents

Restricted cash

Marketable securities

Tenant and other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,526 and $6,708

Investments in partially owned entities

Real estate fund investments

Receivable arising from the straight-lining of rents, net of allowance of $954 and $1,913

Deferred leasing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $191,827 and $170,952

Identified intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $150,837 and $194,422

Assets related to discontinued operations

Other assets

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY

Mortgages payable, net

Senior unsecured notes, net

Unsecured term loan, net

Unsecured revolving credit facilities

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

Deferred revenue

Deferred compensation plan

Liabilities related to discontinued operations

Preferred shares to be redeemed on January 4 and 11, 2018

Other liabilities

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies

Redeemable noncontrolling interests:

Class A units - 12,528,899 and 12,197,162 units outstanding

Series D cumulative redeemable preferred units - 177,101 units outstanding

Total redeemable noncontrolling interests

Vornado's shareholders' equity:

Preferred shares of beneficial interest: no par value per share; authorized 110,000,000 shares; issued and

outstanding 36,799,573 and 42,824,829 shares

Common shares of beneficial interest: $0.04 par value per share; authorized 250,000,000 shares; issued and

outstanding 189,983,858 and 189,100,876 shares

Additional capital

Earnings less than distributions

Accumulated other comprehensive income

Total Vornado shareholders' equity

Noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Total equity

See notes to the consolidated financial statements.

96

December 31, 
 2017

December 31, 
 2016

$

3,143,648

$

9,898,605

1,615,101

98,941

14,756,295

(2,885,283)

11,871,012

1,817,655

97,157

182,752

58,700

1,056,829

354,804

926,711

403,492

159,260

1,357

468,205

$

$

17,397,934

8,137,139

$

$

843,614

748,734

—

415,794

227,069

109,177

3,620

455,514

464,635

11,405,296

979,509

5,428

984,937

3,130,825

9,684,144

1,278,941

93,910

14,187,820

(2,581,514)

11,606,306

1,501,027

95,032

203,704

61,069

1,378,254

462,132

885,167

354,997

189,668

3,568,613

508,878

20,814,847

8,113,248

845,577

372,215

115,630

397,134

276,276

121,183

1,259,443

—

417,199

11,917,905

1,273,018

5,428

1,278,446

891,988

1,038,055

7,577

7,492,658

(4,183,253)

128,682

4,337,652

670,049

5,007,701

7,542

7,153,332

(1,419,382)

118,972

6,898,519

719,977

7,618,496

$

17,397,934

$

20,814,847

VORNADO REALTY TRUST 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

REVENUES:

Property rentals

Tenant expense reimbursements

Fee and other income

Total revenues

EXPENSES:

Operating

Depreciation and amortization

General and administrative

Acquisition and transaction related costs

Total expenses

Operating income

Income (loss) from partially owned entities

Income (loss) from real estate fund investments

Interest and other investment income, net

Interest and debt expense

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets

Income before income taxes

Income tax (expense) benefit

Income from continuing operations

(Loss) income from discontinued operations

Net income

Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in:

Consolidated subsidiaries

Operating Partnership

Net income attributable to Vornado

Preferred share dividends

Preferred share issuance costs (Series J redemption)

NET INCOME attributable to common shareholders

INCOME PER COMMON SHARE - BASIC:

Income from continuing operations, net

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net

Net income per common share

Weighted average shares outstanding

INCOME PER COMMON SHARE - DILUTED:

Income from continuing operations, net

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net

Net income per common share

Weighted average shares outstanding

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

1,714,952

$

1,662,093

$

1,626,866

233,424

135,750

2,084,126

886,596

429,389

158,999

1,776

1,476,760

607,366

15,200

3,240

37,793

(345,654)

501

318,446

(41,090)

277,356

(13,228)

264,128

(25,802)

(10,910)

227,416

(65,399)

—

221,563

120,086

2,003,742

844,566

421,023

149,550

9,451

1,424,590

579,152

168,948

(23,602)

29,548

(330,240)

160,433

584,239

(7,229)

577,010

404,912

981,922

(21,351)

(53,654)

906,917

(75,903)

(7,408)

$

$

$

$

$

162,017

$

823,606

$

0.92

(0.07)

0.85

189,526

0.91

(0.06)

0.85

$

$

$

$

2.35

2.01

4.36

188,837

2.34

2.00

4.34

$

$

$

$

218,739

139,890

1,985,495

824,511

379,803

149,256

12,511

1,366,081

619,414

(9,947)

74,081

27,240

(309,298)

149,417

550,907

85,012

635,919

223,511

859,430

(55,765)

(43,231)

760,434

(80,578)

—

679,856

2.49

1.12

3.61

188,353

2.48

1.11

3.59

191,258

190,173

189,564

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

97

VORNADO REALTY TRUST
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Amounts in thousands)

Net income

Other comprehensive (loss) income:

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

264,128

$

981,922

$

859,430

(Reduction) increase in unrealized net gain on available-for-sale securities

Pro rata share of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income of

a nonconsolidated subsidiary

Pro rata share of other comprehensive income (loss) of nonconsolidated subsidiaries

Increase in value of interest rate swaps and other

Comprehensive income

Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests

(20,951)

14,402

1,425

15,477

274,481

(37,356)

52,057

—

(2,739)

27,432

1,058,672

(79,704)

Comprehensive income attributable to Vornado

$

237,125

$

978,968

$

(55,326)

—

(327)

6,441

810,218

(96,130)

714,088

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

98

VORNADO REALTY TRUST
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Amounts in thousands)

Preferred Shares

Common Shares

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Additional
Capital

Earnings
Less Than
Distributions

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Balance, December 31, 2016

42,825

$ 1,038,055

189,101

$

7,542

$ 7,153,332

$ (1,419,382) $

118,972

Net income attributable to

Vornado

Net income attributable to

noncontrolling interests in
consolidated subsidiaries

Dividends on common shares

Dividends on preferred shares

Common shares issued:

Upon redemption of Class A
units, at redemption value

Under employees' share

option plan

Under dividend reinvestment

plan

Contributions

Distributions:

JBG SMITH Properties

Real estate fund investments

Other

Conversion of Series A preferred
shares to common shares

Deferred compensation shares and

options

Reduction in unrealized net gain
on available-for-sale securities

Pro rata share of amounts
reclassified related to a
nonconsolidated subsidiary

Pro rata share of other

comprehensive income of
nonconsolidated subsidiaries

Increase in value of interest rate

swaps

Adjustments to carry redeemable
Class A units at redemption
value

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(5)

(162)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Preferred shares issuance

12,780

309,609

Cumulative redeemable preferred
shares called for redemption

(18,800)

(455,514)

Redeemable noncontrolling
interests' share of above
adjustments

Other

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

403

449

17

—

—

—

—

10

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

4

—

—

—

—

16

18

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

38,731

28,235

1,458

—

—

—

—

162

2,246

—

—

—

—

268,494

—

—

—

—

227,416

—

(496,490)

(65,399)

—

—

—

—

(2,428,345)

—

—

—

(418)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(635)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(20,951)

14,402

1,425

15,476

—

—

—

(642)

—

Non-
controlling
Interests in
Consolidated
Subsidiaries
$
719,977

Total
Equity

$ 7,618,496

—

227,416

25,802

—

—

—

—

—

1,044

25,802

(496,490)

(65,399)

38,747

28,253

1,459

1,044

—

(2,428,345)

(73,850)

(2,618)

(73,850)

(2,618)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,828

(20,951)

14,402

1,425

15,476

268,494

309,609

(455,514)

—

(306)

(642)

(941)

Balance, December 31, 2017

36,800

$ 891,988

189,984

$

7,577

$ 7,492,658

$ (4,183,253) $

128,682

$

670,049

$ 5,007,701

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

99

VORNADO REALTY TRUST
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY – CONTINUED

(Amounts in thousands)

Preferred Shares

Common Shares

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Additional
Capital

Earnings
Less Than
Distributions

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Balance, December 31, 2015

52,677

$ 1,276,954

188,577

$

7,521

$ 7,132,979

$ (1,766,780) $

46,921

Net income attributable to

Vornado

Net income attributable to

noncontrolling interests in
consolidated subsidiaries

Dividends on common shares

Dividends on preferred shares

Redemption of Series J preferred

shares

Common shares issued:

Upon redemption of Class
A units, at redemption
value

Under employees' share

option plan

Under dividend reinvestment

plan

Contributions

Distributions:

Real estate fund investments

Other

Conversion of Series A preferred
shares to common shares

Deferred compensation shares and

options

Increase in unrealized net gain on
available-for-sale securities

Pro rata share of other

comprehensive loss of
nonconsolidated subsidiaries

Increase in value of interest rate

swap

Adjustments to carry redeemable
Class A units at redemption
value

Redeemable noncontrolling
interests' share of above
adjustments

Other

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(9,850)

(238,842)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(2)

(56)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1)

—

—

—

—

—

376

123

16

—

—

—

3

7

—

—

—

—

—

(1)

—

—

—

—

—

15

5

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

36,495

6,820

1,443

—

—

—

56

906,917

—

(475,961)

(75,903)

(7,408)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,788

(186)

—

—

—

(26,251)

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

(61)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

52,057

(2,739)

27,434

—

(4,699)

(2)

Non-
controlling
Interests in
Consolidated
Subsidiaries
$
778,483

Total
Equity

$ 7,476,078

—

906,917

21,351

—

—

—

—

—

—

19,749

21,351

(475,961)

(75,903)

(246,250)

36,510

6,825

1,444

19,749

(62,444)

(36,804)

(62,444)

(36,804)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,602

52,057

(2,739)

27,434

(26,251)

—

(358)

(4,699)

(420)

Balance, December 31, 2016

42,825

$ 1,038,055

189,101

$

7,542

$ 7,153,332

$ (1,419,382) $

118,972

$

719,977

$ 7,618,496

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

100

VORNADO REALTY TRUST
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY – CONTINUED

(Amounts in thousands)

Preferred Shares

Common Shares

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Additional
Capital

Earnings
Less Than
Distributions

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Balance, December 31, 2014

52,679

$ 1,277,026

187,887

$

7,493

$ 6,873,025

$ (1,505,385) $

93,267

Net income attributable to

Vornado

Net income attributable to

noncontrolling interests in
consolidated subsidiaries

Distribution of Urban Edge

Properties

Dividends on common shares

Dividends on preferred shares

Common shares issued:

Upon redemption of Class
A units, at redemption value

Under employees' share

option plan

Under dividend reinvestment

plan

Contributions:

Real estate fund investments

Other

Distributions:

Real estate fund investments

Other

Conversion of Series A preferred
shares to common shares

Deferred compensation shares and

options

Reduction in unrealized net gain
on available-for-sale securities

Pro rata share of other

comprehensive loss of
nonconsolidated subsidiaries

Increase in value of interest rate

swap

Adjustments to carry redeemable
Class A units at redemption
value

Redeemable noncontrolling
interests' share of above
adjustments

Other

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(2)

(72)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

452

214

14

—

—

—

—

4

6

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Non-
controlling
Interests in
Consolidated
Subsidiaries
$
743,956

Total
Equity

$ 7,489,382

—

760,434

55,765

55,765

(341)

—

—

—

—

—

51,725

250

(464,603)

(474,751)

(80,578)

48,230

12,762

1,438

51,725

250

(72,114)

(72,114)

(525)

(525)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,080

(55,326)

(327)

6,435

192,464

—

(233)

2,866

471

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

760,434

—

(464,262)

(474,751)

(80,578)

18

48,212

—

15,332

(2,579)

1,437

—

—

—

—

71

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,438

(359)

9

1

—

—

—

—

1

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

192,464

—

(2)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

700

(55,326)

(327)

6,435

—

2,866

6

Balance, December 31, 2015

52,677

$ 1,276,954

188,577

$

7,521

$ 7,132,979

$ (1,766,780) $

46,921

$

778,483

$ 7,476,078

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

101

VORNADO REALTY TRUST
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

Net income

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization (including amortization of deferred financing costs)

Return of capital from real estate fund investments

Distributions of income from partially owned entities

Amortization of below-market leases, net

Straight-lining of rents

Change in allowance for deferred tax assets

Equity in net (income) loss of partially owned entities

Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on real estate fund investments

Net gains on sale of real estate and other

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets

Net gain on extinguishment of Skyline properties debt

Real estate impairment losses

Other non-cash adjustments

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Real estate fund investments

Tenant and other receivables, net

Prepaid assets

Other assets

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

Other liabilities

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

Distributions of capital from partially owned entities

Development costs and construction in progress

Additions to real estate

Proceeds from the repayment of JBG SMITH Properties loan receivable

Investments in partially owned entities

Acquisitions of real estate and other

Proceeds from sales of real estate and related investments

Proceeds from repayments of mortgage loans receivable

Net deconsolidation of 7 West 34th Street

Investments in loans receivable

Purchases of marketable securities

Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

264,128

$

981,922

$

859,430

529,826

91,606

82,095

(46,790)

(45,792)

34,800

(15,635)

15,267

(3,489)

(501)

—

—

56,480

—

1,183

(12,292)

(79,199)

3,760

(15,305)

860,142

366,155

(355,852)

(271,308)

115,630

(40,537)

(30,607)

9,543

659

—

—

—

—

595,270

71,888

214,800

(53,202)

(146,787)

—

(165,389)

40,655

(5,074)

(175,735)

(487,877)

161,165

39,406

—

(4,271)

(7,893)

(76,357)

13,278

(719)

995,080

196,635

(606,565)

(387,545)

—

(127,608)

(91,103)

183,173

45

(48,000)

(11,700)

(4,379)

3,937

566,207

91,458

66,819

(79,053)

(153,668)

(90,030)

11,882

(57,752)

(65,396)

(251,821)

—

256

37,721

(95,010)

8,366

(16,836)

(112,415)

(25,231)

(22,836)

672,091

36,017

(475,819)

(301,413)

—

(235,439)

(558,484)

786,924

16,790

—

(1,000)

—

—

Net cash used in investing activities

(206,317)

(893,110)

(732,424)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

102

VORNADO REALTY TRUST
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – CONTINUED

(Amounts in thousands)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

Proceeds from borrowings

Repayments of borrowings

Dividends paid on common shares

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the spin-off of JBG SMITH

Properties ($275,000 plus The Bartlett financing proceeds less transaction costs and other
mortgage items)

Proceeds from issuance of preferred shares

Distributions to noncontrolling interests

Dividends paid on preferred shares

Proceeds received from exercise of employee share options and other

Debt issuance costs

Debt prepayment and extinguishment costs

Contributions from noncontrolling interests

Repurchase of shares related to stock compensation agreements and related tax withholdings

and other

Redemption of preferred shares

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the spin-off of Urban Edge Properties

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

Reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash:

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

Restricted cash at beginning of period

Restricted cash included in discontinued operations at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

Restricted cash at end of period

Restricted cash included in discontinued operations at end of period

$

$

$

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

1,055,872

$

2,403,898

$

4,468,872

(1,894,990)

(475,961)

(2,936,578)

(474,751)

(631,681)

(496,490)

(416,237)

309,609

(109,697)

(64,516)

29,712

(12,325)

(3,217)

1,044

(418)

—

—

(338,344)

315,481

1,599,331

—

—

(130,590)

(80,137)

8,269

(42,157)

—

11,950

(186)

(246,250)

—

(446,154)

(344,184)

1,943,515

—

—

(102,866)

(80,578)

16,779

(66,554)

(15,000)

51,975

(7,473)

—

(234,967)

618,859

558,526

1,384,989

1,943,515

1,914,812

$

1,599,331

$

1,501,027

$

1,835,707

$

1,198,477

95,032

3,272

99,943

7,865

168,447

18,065

1,599,331

$

1,943,515

$

1,384,989

1,817,655

1,501,027

1,835,707

97,157

—

95,032

3,272

99,943

7,865

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

$

1,914,812

$

1,599,331

$

1,943,515

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

103

VORNADO REALTY TRUST
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – CONTINUED

(Amounts in thousands)

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:

Cash payments for interest, excluding capitalized interest of $43,071, $29,584 and $48,539

Cash payments for income taxes

Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:

Non-cash distribution to JBG SMITH Properties:

Assets

Liabilities

Equity

Reclassification of Series G and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred shares to liabilities

upon call for redemption

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A units at redemption value

Loan receivable established upon the spin-off of JBG SMITH Properties

Accrued capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued expenses

Write-off of fully depreciated assets

(Reduction) increase in unrealized net gain on available-for-sale securities

Decrease in assets and liabilities resulting from the disposition of Skyline properties:

Real estate, net

Mortgage payable, net

Decrease in assets and liabilities resulting from the deconsolidation of investments that were

previously consolidated:

Real estate, net

Mortgage payable, net

Non-cash distribution of Urban Edge Properties:

Assets

Liabilities

Equity

Transfer of interest in real estate to Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust

Class A units issued in connection with acquisition

Financing assumed in acquisition

$

$

$

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

338,983

6,727

$

$

368,762

9,716

$

$

376,620

8,287

3,432,738

$

— $

(1,414,186)

(2,018,552)

455,514

268,494

115,630

102,976

(58,810)

(20,951)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(26,251)

—

120,564

(305,679)

52,057

(189,284)

(690,263)

(122,047)

(290,418)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

192,464

—

122,711

(167,250)

(55,326)

—

—

—

—

1,699,289

(1,469,659)

(229,630)

(145,313)

80,000

62,000

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

104

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Partners
Vornado Realty L.P.
New York, New York

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Vornado Realty L.P. and subsidiaries (the "Partnership") as of December
31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows, for each
of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively
referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of the Partnership as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB),
the Partnership's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control -
Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated
February 12, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Partnership's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Partnership's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the
Partnership's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to
be independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations
of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or
fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Parsippany, New Jersey
February 12, 2018

We have served as the Partnership’s auditor since 1997.

105

 
VORNADO REALTY L.P.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands, except unit amounts)

ASSETS

Real estate, at cost:

Land

Buildings and improvements

Development costs and construction in progress

Leasehold improvements and equipment

Total

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

Real estate, net

Cash and cash equivalents

Restricted cash

Marketable securities

Tenant and other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,526 and $6,708

Investments in partially owned entities

Real estate fund investments

Receivable arising from the straight-lining of rents, net of allowance of $954 and $1,913

Deferred leasing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $191,827 and $170,952

Identified intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $150,837 and $194,422

Assets related to discontinued operations

Other assets

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PARTNERSHIP UNITS AND EQUITY

Mortgages payable, net

Senior unsecured notes, net

Unsecured term loan, net

Unsecured revolving credit facilities

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

Deferred revenue

Deferred compensation plan

Liabilities related to discontinued operations

Preferred units to be redeemed on January 4 and 11, 2018

Other liabilities

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies

Redeemable partnership units:

Class A units - 12,528,899 and 12,197,162 units outstanding

Series D cumulative redeemable preferred units - 177,101 units outstanding

Total redeemable partnership units

Equity:

Partners' capital

Earnings less than distributions

Accumulated other comprehensive income

Total Vornado Realty L.P. equity

Noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Total equity

December 31, 
 2017

December 31, 
 2016

$

3,143,648

$

9,898,605

1,615,101

98,941

14,756,295

(2,885,283)

11,871,012

1,817,655

97,157

182,752

58,700

1,056,829

354,804

926,711

403,492

159,260

1,357

468,205

$

$

17,397,934

8,137,139

$

$

843,614

748,734

—

415,794

227,069

109,177

3,620

455,514

464,635

11,405,296

979,509

5,428

984,937

8,392,223

(4,183,253)

128,682

4,337,652

670,049

5,007,701

3,130,825

9,684,144

1,278,941

93,910

14,187,820

(2,581,514)

11,606,306

1,501,027

95,032

203,704

61,069

1,378,254

462,132

885,167

354,997

189,668

3,568,613

508,878

20,814,847

8,113,248

845,577

372,215

115,630

397,134

276,276

121,183

1,259,443

—

417,199

11,917,905

1,273,018

5,428

1,278,446

8,198,929

(1,419,382)

118,972

6,898,519

719,977

7,618,496

See notes to the consolidated financial statements.

$

17,397,934

$

20,814,847

106

VORNADO REALTY L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Amounts in thousands, except per unit amounts)

REVENUES:

Property rentals

Tenant expense reimbursements

Fee and other income

Total revenues

EXPENSES:

Operating

Depreciation and amortization

General and administrative

Acquisition and transaction related costs

Total expenses

Operating income

Income (loss) from partially owned entities

Income (loss) from real estate fund investments

Interest and other investment income, net

Interest and debt expense

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets

Income before income taxes

Income tax (expense) benefit

Income from continuing operations

(Loss) income from discontinued operations

Net income

Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Net income attributable to Vornado Realty L.P.

Preferred unit distributions

Preferred unit issuance costs (Series J redemption)

NET INCOME attributable to Class A unitholders

INCOME PER CLASS A UNIT - BASIC:

Income from continuing operations, net

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net

Net income per Class A unit

Weighted average units outstanding

INCOME PER CLASS A UNIT - DILUTED:

Income from continuing operations, net

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net

Net income per Class A unit

Weighted average units outstanding

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

1,714,952

$

1,662,093

$

1,626,866

233,424

135,750

2,084,126

886,596

429,389

158,999

1,776

1,476,760

607,366

15,200

3,240

37,793

(345,654)

501

318,446

(41,090)

277,356

(13,228)

264,128

(25,802)

238,326

(65,593)

—

221,563

120,086

2,003,742

844,566

421,023

149,550

9,451

1,424,590

579,152

168,948

(23,602)

29,548

(330,240)

160,433

584,239

(7,229)

577,010

404,912

981,922

(21,351)

960,571

(76,097)

(7,408)

$

$

$

$

$

172,733

$

877,066

$

0.91

(0.07)

0.84

201,214

0.90

(0.07)

0.83

$

$

$

$

2.34

2.02

4.36

200,350

2.32

2.00

4.32

$

$

$

$

218,739

139,890

1,985,495

824,511

379,803

149,256

12,511

1,366,081

619,414

(9,947)

74,081

27,240

(309,298)

149,417

550,907

85,012

635,919

223,511

859,430

(55,765)

803,665

(80,736)

—

722,929

2.49

1.12

3.61

199,309

2.46

1.11

3.57

203,300

202,017

201,158

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

107

VORNADO REALTY L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Amounts in thousands)

Net income

Other comprehensive (loss) income:

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

264,128

$

981,922

$

859,430

(Reduction) increase in unrealized net gain on available-for-sale securities

Pro rata share of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income of

a nonconsolidated subsidiary

Pro rata share of other comprehensive income (loss) of nonconsolidated subsidiaries

Increase in value of interest rate swaps and other

Comprehensive income

Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests

(20,951)

14,402

1,425

15,477

274,481

(25,802)

52,057

—

(2,739)

27,432

1,058,672

(21,351)

Comprehensive income attributable to Vornado

$

248,679

$

1,037,321

$

(55,326)

—

(327)

6,441

810,218

(55,765)

754,453

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

108

VORNADO REALTY L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Amounts in thousands)

Preferred Units

Class A Units
Owned by Vornado

Units

Amount

Units

Amount

Earnings
Less Than
Distributions

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Non-
controlling
Interests in
Consolidated
Subsidiaries

Total
Equity

Balance, December 31, 2016

42,825

$ 1,038,055

189,101

$ 7,160,874

$

(1,419,382) $

118,972

$

719,977

$

7,618,496

Net income attributable to Vornado

Realty L.P.

Net income attributable to redeemable

partnership units

Net income attributable to noncontrolling
interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Distributions to Vornado

Distributions to preferred unitholders

Class A Units issued to Vornado:

Upon redemption of redeemable

Class A units, at redemption value

Under Vornado's employees' share

option plan

Under Vornado's dividend
reinvestment plan

Contributions

Distributions:

JBG SMITH Properties

Real estate fund investments

Other

Conversion of Series A preferred units to

Class A units

Deferred compensation units and options

Reduction in unrealized net gain on
available-for-sale securities

Pro rata share of amounts reclassified

related to a nonconsolidated
subsidiary

Pro rata share of other comprehensive

income of nonconsolidated
subsidiaries

Increase in value of interest rate swaps

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A

units at redemption value

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(5)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(162)

—

—

—

—

—

—

Preferred units issuance

12,780

309,609

Cumulative redeemable preferred units

called for redemption

Redeemable partnership units' share of

above adjustments

Other

(18,800)

(455,514)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

403

449

17

—

—

—

—

10

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

4

—

—

—

—

—

38,747

28,253

1,459

—

—

—

—

162

2,246

—

—

—

—

268,494

—

—

—

—

238,326

(10,910)

—

(496,490)

(65,399)

—

—

—

—

(2,428,345)

—

—

—

(418)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(635)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(20,951)

14,402

1,425

15,476

—

—

—

(642)

—

—

—

25,802

—

—

—

—

—

1,044

238,326

(10,910)

25,802

(496,490)

(65,399)

38,747

28,253

1,459

1,044

—

(2,428,345)

(73,850)

(2,618)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(306)

(73,850)

(2,618)

—

1,828

(20,951)

14,402

1,425

15,476

268,494

309,609

(455,514)

(642)

(941)

Balance, December 31, 2017

36,800

$ 891,988

189,984

$ 7,500,235

$

(4,183,253) $

128,682

$

670,049

$

5,007,701

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

109

VORNADO REALTY L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY – CONTINUED

(Amounts in thousands)

Preferred Units

Class A Units
Owned by Vornado

Units

Amount

Units

Amount

Earnings
Less Than
Distributions

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Non-
controlling
Interests in
Consolidated
Subsidiaries

Total
Equity

Balance, December 31, 2015

52,677

$ 1,276,954

188,577

$ 7,140,500

$

(1,766,780) $

46,921

$

778,483

$

7,476,078

Net income attributable to Vornado

Realty L.P.

Net income attributable to redeemable

partnership units

Net income attributable to noncontrolling
interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Distributions to Vornado

Distributions to preferred unitholders

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Redemption of Series J preferred units

(9,850)

(238,842)

Class A Units issued to Vornado:

Upon redemption of redeemable

Class A units, at redemption value

Under Vornado's employees' share

option plan

Under Vornado's dividend
reinvestment plan

Contributions

Distributions:

Real estate fund investments

Other

Conversion of Series A preferred units to

Class A units

Deferred compensation units and options

Increase in unrealized net gain on
available-for-sale securities

Pro rata share of other comprehensive
loss of unconsolidated subsidiaries

Increase in value of interest rate swap

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A

units at redemption value

Redeemable partnership units' share of

above adjustments

Other

—

—

—

—

—

—

(2)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(56)

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1)

—

—

—

—

—

—

376

123

16

—

—

—

3

7

—

—

—

—

—

(1)

—

—

—

—

—

—

36,510

6,825

1,444

—

—

—

56

960,571

(53,654)

—

(475,961)

(75,903)

(7,408)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,788

(186)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(26,251)

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

(61)

52,057

(2,739)

27,434

—

(4,699)

(2)

—

—

21,351

—

—

—

—

—

—

19,749

(62,444)

(36,804)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(358)

960,571

(53,654)

21,351

(475,961)

(75,903)

(246,250)

36,510

6,825

1,444

19,749

(62,444)

(36,804)

—

1,602

52,057

(2,739)

27,434

(26,251)

(4,699)

(420)

Balance, December 31, 2016

42,825

$ 1,038,055

189,101

$ 7,160,874

$

(1,419,382) $

118,972

$

719,977

$

7,618,496

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

110

VORNADO REALTY L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY – CONTINUED

(Amounts in thousands)

Preferred Units

Class A Units
Owned by Vornado

Units

Amount

Units

Amount

Earnings
Less Than
Distributions

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Non-
controlling
Interests in
Consolidated
Subsidiaries

Total
Equity

Balance, December 31, 2014

52,679

$ 1,277,026

187,887

$ 6,880,518

$

(1,505,385) $

93,267

$

743,956

$

7,489,382

Net income attributable to Vornado

Realty L.P.

Net income attributable to redeemable

partnership units

Net income attributable to noncontrolling
interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Distribution of Urban Edge Properties

Distributions to Vornado

Distributions to preferred unitholders

Class A Units issued to Vornado:

Upon redemption of redeemable

Class A units, at redemption value

Under Vornado's employees' share

option plan

Under Vornado's dividend
reinvestment plan

Contributions:

Real estate fund investments

Other

Distributions:

Real estate fund investments

Other

Conversion of Series A preferred units to

Class A units

Deferred compensation units and options

Reduction in unrealized net gain on
available-for-sale securities

Pro rata share of other comprehensive
loss of nonconsolidated subsidiaries

Increase in value of interest rate swap

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A

units at redemption value

Redeemable partnership units' share of

above adjustments

Other

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(2)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(72)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

452

214

14

—

—

—

—

4

6

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

48,230

15,341

1,438

—

—

—

—

72

803,665

(43,231)

—

(464,262)

(474,751)

(80,578)

—

(2,579)

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,439

(359)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

192,464

—

(2)

—

—

—

—

—

700

(55,326)

(327)

6,435

—

2,866

6

—

—

55,765

(341)

—

—

—

—

—

51,725

250

(72,114)

(525)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(233)

803,665

(43,231)

55,765

(464,603)

(474,751)

(80,578)

48,230

12,762

1,438

51,725

250

(72,114)

(525)

—

2,080

(55,326)

(327)

6,435

192,464

2,866

471

Balance, December 31, 2015

52,677

$ 1,276,954

188,577

$ 7,140,500

$

(1,766,780) $

46,921

$

778,483

$

7,476,078

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

111

VORNADO REALTY L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

Net income

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization (including amortization of deferred financing costs)

Return of capital from real estate fund investments

Distributions of income from partially owned entities

Amortization of below-market leases, net

Straight-lining of rents

Change in allowance for deferred tax assets

Equity in net (income) loss of partially owned entities

Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on real estate fund investments

Net gains on sale of real estate and other

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets

Net gain on extinguishment of Skyline properties debt

Real estate impairment losses

Other non-cash adjustments

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Real estate fund investments

Tenant and other receivables, net

Prepaid assets

Other assets

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

Other liabilities

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

Distributions of capital from partially owned entities

Development costs and construction in progress

Additions to real estate

Proceeds from the repayment of JBG SMITH Properties loan receivable

Investments in partially owned entities

Acquisitions of real estate and other

Proceeds from sales of real estate and related investments

Proceeds from repayments of mortgage loans receivable

Net deconsolidation of 7 West 34th Street

Investments in loans receivable

Purchases of marketable securities

Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

264,128

$

981,922

$

859,430

529,826

91,606

82,095

(46,790)

(45,792)

34,800

(15,635)

15,267

(3,489)

(501)

—

—

56,480

—

1,183

(12,292)

(79,199)

3,760

(15,305)

860,142

366,155

(355,852)

(271,308)

115,630

(40,537)

(30,607)

9,543

659

—

—

—

—

595,270

71,888

214,800

(53,202)

(146,787)

—

(165,389)

40,655

(5,074)

(175,735)

(487,877)

161,165

39,406

—

(4,271)

(7,893)

(76,357)

13,278

(719)

995,080

196,635

(606,565)

(387,545)

—

(127,608)

(91,103)

183,173

45

(48,000)

(11,700)

(4,379)

3,937

566,207

91,458

66,819

(79,053)

(153,668)

(90,030)

11,882

(57,752)

(65,396)

(251,821)

—

256

37,721

(95,010)

8,366

(16,836)

(112,415)

(25,231)

(22,836)

672,091

36,017

(475,819)

(301,413)

—

(235,439)

(558,484)

786,924

16,790

—

(1,000)

—

—

Net cash used in investing activities

(206,317)

(893,110)

(732,424)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

112

VORNADO REALTY L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – CONTINUED

(Amounts in thousands)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

Proceeds from borrowings

Repayments of borrowings

Distributions to Vornado

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the spin-off of JBG SMITH

Properties ($275,000 plus The Bartlett financing proceeds less transaction costs and other
mortgage items)

Proceeds from issuance of preferred units

Distributions to redeemable security holders and noncontrolling interests in consolidated

subsidiaries

Distributions to preferred unitholders

Proceeds received from exercise of Vornado stock options and other

Debt issuance costs

Debt prepayment and extinguishment costs

Contributions from noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Repurchase of Class A units related to stock compensation agreements and related tax

withholdings and other

Redemption of preferred units

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the spin-off of Urban Edge Properties

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

Reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash:

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

Restricted cash at beginning of period

Restricted cash included in discontinued operations at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

Restricted cash at end of period

Restricted cash included in discontinued operations at end of period

$

$

$

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

1,055,872

$

2,403,898

$

4,468,872

(1,894,990)

(475,961)

(2,936,578)

(474,751)

(631,681)

(496,490)

(416,237)

309,609

(109,697)

(64,516)

29,712

(12,325)

(3,217)

1,044

(418)

—

—

(338,344)

315,481

1,599,331

—

—

(130,590)

(80,137)

8,269

(42,157)

—

11,950

(186)

(246,250)

—

(446,154)

(344,184)

1,943,515

—

—

(102,866)

(80,578)

16,779

(66,554)

(15,000)

51,975

(7,473)

—

(234,967)

618,859

558,526

1,384,989

1,943,515

1,914,812

$

1,599,331

$

1,501,027

$

1,835,707

$

1,198,477

95,032

3,272

99,943

7,865

168,447

18,065

1,599,331

$

1,943,515

$

1,384,989

1,817,655

1,501,027

1,835,707

97,157

—

95,032

3,272

99,943

7,865

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

$

1,914,812

$

1,599,331

$

1,943,515

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

113

VORNADO REALTY L.P.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – CONTINUED

(Amounts in thousands)

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:

Cash payments for interest, excluding capitalized interest of $43,071, $29,584 and $48,539

Cash payments for income taxes

Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:

Non-cash distribution to JBG SMITH Properties:

Assets

Liabilities

Equity

Reclassification of Series G and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred units to liabilities

upon call for redemption

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A units at redemption value

Loan receivable established upon the spin-off of JBG SMITH Properties

Accrued capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued expenses

Write-off of fully depreciated assets

(Reduction) increase in unrealized net gain on available-for-sale securities

Decrease in assets and liabilities resulting from the disposition of Skyline properties:

Real estate, net

Mortgage payable, net

Decrease in assets and liabilities resulting from the deconsolidation of investments that were

previously consolidated:

Real estate, net

Mortgage payable, net

Non-cash distribution of Urban Edge Properties:

Assets

Liabilities

Equity

Transfer of interest in real estate to Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust

Class A units issued in connection with acquisition

Financing assumed in acquisition

$

$

$

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

338,983

6,727

$

$

368,762

9,716

$

$

376,620

8,287

3,432,738

$

— $

(1,414,186)

(2,018,552)

455,514

268,494

115,630

102,976

(58,810)

(20,951)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(26,251)

—

120,564

(305,679)

52,057

(189,284)

(690,263)

(122,047)

(290,418)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

192,464

—

122,711

(167,250)

(55,326)

—

—

—

—

1,699,289

(1,469,659)

(229,630)

(145,313)

80,000

62,000

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

114

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.  Organization and Business 

Vornado Realty Trust (“Vornado”) is a fully‑integrated real estate investment trust (“REIT”) and conducts its business through, and
substantially all of its interests in properties are held by, Vornado Realty L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”).
Accordingly, Vornado’s cash flow and ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is dependent upon the cash flow of the Operating
Partnership and the ability of its direct and indirect subsidiaries to first satisfy their obligations to creditors.  Vornado is the sole general
partner of, and owned approximately 93.5% of the common limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership as of December 31,
2017.  All references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean, collectively, Vornado, the Operating Partnership and those entities/
subsidiaries consolidated by Vornado.

We currently own all or portions of:

New York:

• 20.3 million square feet of Manhattan office in 36 properties;

• 2.7 million square feet of Manhattan street retail in 71 properties;

• 2,009 units in twelve residential properties; 

• The 1,700 room Hotel Pennsylvania located on Seventh Avenue at 33rd Street in the heart of the Penn Plaza district; and

• A 32.4% interest in Alexander’s, Inc. (“Alexander’s”) (NYSE: ALX), which owns seven properties in the greater New York

metropolitan area, including 731 Lexington Avenue, the 1.3 million square foot Bloomberg, L.P. headquarters building.

Other Real Estate and Related Investments:

•

•

•

•

•

The 3.7 million square foot theMART in Chicago;

A  70%  controlling  interest  in  555  California  Street,  a  three-building  office  complex  in  San  Francisco’s  financial  district
aggregating 1.8 million square feet, known as the Bank of America Center;

A 25.0% interest in Vornado Capital Partners, our real estate fund.  We are the general partner and investment manager of the
fund;

A 32.5% interest in Toys “R” Us, Inc. (“Toys”), which is in Chapter 11 bankruptcy and carried at zero in our consolidated balance
sheets; and

Other real estate and other investments.

115

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

2.  Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies 

Basis of Presentation

The  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  Vornado  and  the  Operating  Partnership  and  their
consolidated  subsidiaries. All  inter-company  amounts  have  been  eliminated.   Our  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), which require us to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from
those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Literature

In  May  2014,  the  Financial Accounting  Standards  Board  (“FASB”)  issued  an  update  (“ASU  2014-09”)  establishing Accounting
Standards  Codification  (“ASC”)  Topic  606,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  (“ASC  606”). ASU  2014-09,  as  amended  by
subsequent ASUs on the topic, establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts
with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. This standard, which is effective for interim and annual
reporting periods in fiscal years that begin after December 15, 2017, requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of
promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange
for those goods or services and also requires certain additional disclosures. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018 using the
modified retrospective approach, which requires applying the new standard to all existing contracts not yet completed as of the effective
date and recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We have completed
our evaluation of the standard’s impact on our revenue streams. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact
on our consolidated financial statements. 

In January 2016, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2016-01”) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial
Liabilities to ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-01 amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation
and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2017. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. While the adoption
of this standard requires us to continue to measure “marketable securities” at fair value at each reporting date, the changes in fair value
will be recognized in current period earnings as opposed to “other comprehensive income (loss).” As a result, on January 1, 2018 we will
record an increase to retained earnings of $109,553,000 to recognize the unrealized gains previously recorded within “accumulated other
comprehensive income”. Subsequent changes in the fair value of our marketable securities will be recorded to “interest and other investment
income, net”.

116

 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

2.  Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies – continued

Recently Issued Accounting Literature - continued

In February 2016, the FASB issued an update ("ASU 2016-02") to ASC Topic 842, Leases, which sets out the principles for the
recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to apply a
dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a
financed purchase. Lessees are required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term greater than 12 months.
Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. Lessees will recognize
expense based on the effective interest method for finance leases or on a straight-line basis for operating leases. The accounting applied
by the lessor is largely unchanged from that applied under the existing lease standard. We are currently evaluating the overall impact of
the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements and believe that the standard will more significantly impact the
accounting for leases in which we are a lessee. We have a number of ground leases for which we will be required to record a right-of-
use asset and lease liability equal to the present value of the remaining minimum lease payments, and will continue to recognize expense
on a straight-line basis upon adoption of this standard. Under ASU 2016-02, initial direct costs for both lessees and lessors would include
only those costs that are incremental to the arrangement and would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained. As a result,
we may no longer be able to capitalize internal leasing costs and instead may be required to expense these costs as incurred. ASU 2016-02
is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years that begin after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted.
We will adopt this standard effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach and will elect to use the practical expedients
provided by this standard.

In March 2016, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2016-09”) Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting to ASC
Topic  718,  Compensation  -  Stock  Compensation.  ASU  2016-09  amends  several  aspects  of  the  accounting  for  share-based  payment
transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the
statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 was effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December
15, 2016.  The adoption of this update as of January 1, 2017 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

In August 2016, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2016-15”) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments to ASC
Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. ASU 2016-15 clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the
statement of cash flows to reduce diversity in practice with respect to (i) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, (ii) settlement
of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective
interest rate of the borrowing, (iii) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, (iv) proceeds from the settlement
of insurance claims, (v) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance
policies,  (vi)  distributions  received  from  equity  method  investees,  (vii)  beneficial  interests  in  securitization  transactions,  and  (viii)
separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. ASU 2016-15 is effective for interim and annual reporting
periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We elected to early adopt ASU 2016-15 effective
January 1, 2017, with retrospective application to our consolidated statements of cash flows. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 impacted
our classification of distributions received from equity method investees and debt extinguishment costs. We selected the nature of earnings
approach for classifying distributions. Under this approach, the distributions from equity method investees are classified on the basis of
the nature of the activity of the investee that generated the distribution. The retrospective application of ASU 2016-15 resulted in (i) the
reclassification of certain distributions between distributions of income from partially owned entities and distributions of capital from
partially owned entities, and (ii) the reclassification of debt extinguishment costs as a financing cash outflow, which reduced net cash
provided by operating activities and net cash used in investing activities by $2,668,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 and
increased net cash provided by operating activities by $1,801,000, reduced net cash used in investing activities by $13,199,000 and
reduced net cash provided by financing activities by $15,000,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015.

In November 2016, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2016-18”) Restricted Cash to ASC Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. ASU
2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts
generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents will be included with
cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period balances on the statement of cash flows upon
adoption of this standard. ASU 2016-18 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2017, with early adoption permitted. We elected to early adopt ASU 2016-18 effective January 1, 2017, with retrospective application to
our consolidated statements of cash flows. Accordingly, the consolidated statements of cash flows present a reconciliation of the changes
in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. Restricted cash primarily consists of security deposits, cash restricted for the purposes
of facilitating a Section 1031 Like-Kind Exchange, cash restricted in connection with our deferred compensation plan and cash escrowed
under loan agreements for debt service, real estate taxes, property insurance and capital improvements.

117

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

2.  Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies – continued

Recently Issued Accounting Literature - continued

In February 2017, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2017-05”) Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting
for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets to ASC Subtopic 610-20, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial
Assets. ASU 2017-05 clarifies the scope of recently established guidance on nonfinancial asset derecognition, as well as the accounting
for  partial  sales  of  nonfinancial  assets. This  update  conforms  the  derecognition  guidance  on  nonfinancial  assets  with  the  model  for
transactions in ASC 606. ASU 2017-05 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2017. The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2018 is not expected to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

In May 2017, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2017-09”) Scope of Modification Accounting to ASC 718. ASU 2017-09 provides
guidance about which changes to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification
accounting in ASC 718. ASU 2017-09 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2017. The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2018 is not expected to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

In August 2017, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2017-12”) Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities to ASC
Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). ASU 2017-12 amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements
in ASC 815. The update is intended to more closely align hedge accounting with companies’ risk management strategies, simplify the
application of hedge accounting and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedge programs. ASU 2017-12 is effective for
interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We are currently
evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2017-12 on our consolidated financial statements, but do not believe the adoption of this
standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

118

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

2.  Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies – continued

Significant Accounting Policies

Real Estate:  Real estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Betterments, major renewals and
certain costs directly related to the improvement and leasing of real estate are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as
incurred. For redevelopment of existing operating properties, the net book value of the existing property under redevelopment plus the
cost for the construction and improvements incurred in connection with the redevelopment are capitalized to the extent the capitalized
costs of the property do not exceed the estimated fair value of the redeveloped property when complete. If the cost of the redeveloped
property, including the net book value of the existing property, exceeds the estimated fair value of the redeveloped property, the excess
is charged to expense. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives which range from 7 to 40 years.
Tenant allowances are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the related leases, which approximate the useful lives of the
assets. Additions to real estate include interest and debt expense capitalized during construction of $48,231,000 and $30,343,000 for the
years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Upon the acquisition of real estate that meets the criteria of a business under ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”),
we assess the fair value of acquired assets (including land, buildings and improvements, identified intangibles, such as acquired above
and below-market leases, acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships) and acquired liabilities and we allocate the purchase price
based on these assessments which are on a relative fair value basis. We assess fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that
utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information.  Estimates of future cash flows are based on a
number of factors including historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions.  We record acquired intangible
assets  (including  acquired  above-market  leases,  acquired  in-place  leases  and  tenant  relationships)  and  acquired  intangible  liabilities
(including below–market leases) at their estimated fair value separate and apart from goodwill. We amortize identified intangibles that
have finite lives over the period they are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the property or business
acquired.

Our properties, including any related intangible assets, are individually reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset
exceeds the aggregate projected future cash flows over the anticipated holding period on an undiscounted basis.  An impairment loss is
measured based on the excess of the property’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value.  Impairment analyses are based on our
current plans, intended holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared.  If our estimates of the
projected future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, or market conditions change, our evaluation of impairment losses may be different
and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements.  The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is subjective
and is based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from
actual results.  Plans to hold properties over longer periods decrease the likelihood of recording impairment losses.

119

 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

2.  Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies – continued

Significant Accounting Policies - continued

Partially Owned Entities:   We consolidate entities in which we have a controlling financial interest.  In determining whether we
have a controlling financial interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, we consider
whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether we are the primary beneficiary.  We are deemed to be the primary
beneficiary of a VIE when we have (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic
performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We generally do
not control a partially owned entity if the entity is not considered a VIE and the approval of all of the partners/members is contractually
required with respect to decisions that most significantly impact the performance of the partially owned entity.  This includes decisions
regarding operating/capital budgets, and the placement of new or additional financing secured by the assets of the venture, among others.
We account for investments under the equity method when the requirements for consolidation are not met, and we have significant
influence over the operations of the investee. Equity method investments are initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for our
share of net income or loss and cash contributions and distributions each period. Investments that do not qualify for consolidation or
equity method accounting are accounted for under the cost method.

Investments in partially owned entities are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of an investment
over its estimated fair value.  Impairment analyses are based on current plans, intended holding periods and available information at the
time the analyses are prepared.  In the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recognized non-cash impairment losses on
investments in partially owned entities aggregating $44,465,000, $20,290,000 and $21,260,000, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents:  Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months
or less and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term maturities.  The majority of our cash and cash
equivalents consists of (i) deposits at major commercial banks, which may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
limit, (ii) United States Treasury Bills, and (iii) Certificate of Deposits placed through an Account Registry Service (“CDARS”). 

Restricted Cash:  Restricted cash consists of security deposits, cash restricted for the purposes of facilitating a Section 1031 Like-
Kind exchange, cash restricted in connection with our deferred compensation plan and cash escrowed under loan agreements for debt
service, real estate taxes, property insurance and capital improvements.   

Allowance  for  Doubtful Accounts:   We  periodically  evaluate  the  collectability  of  amounts  due  from  tenants  and  maintain  an
allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of tenants to make required payments under the lease
agreements. We also maintain an allowance for receivables arising from the straight-lining of rents. These receivables arise from earnings
recognized  in  excess  of  amounts  currently  due  under  the  lease  agreements.  Management  exercises  judgment  in  establishing  these
allowances and considers payment history and current credit status in developing these estimates.  As of December 31, 2017 and 2016,
we had $5,526,000 and $6,708,000, respectively, in allowances for doubtful accounts. In addition, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016,
we had $954,000 and $1,913,000, respectively, in allowances for receivables arising from the straight-lining of rents.

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VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

2.  Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies – continued

Significant Accounting Policies - continued

Deferred Charges: Direct financing costs are deferred and amortized over the terms of the related agreements as a component of
interest expense. Direct costs related to successful leasing activities are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives
of the related leases. All other deferred charges are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest rate
method, in accordance with the terms of the agreements to which they relate.

Revenue Recognition:  We have the following revenue sources and revenue recognition policies:

•

•

•

•

•

Base Rent — income arising from tenant leases. These rents are recognized over the non-cancelable term of the related leases
on a straight-line basis which includes the effects of rent steps and rent abatements under the leases.  We commence rental
revenue recognition when the tenant takes possession of the leased space and the leased space is substantially ready for its
intended use.  In addition, in circumstances where we provide a tenant improvement allowance for improvements that are owned
by the tenant, we recognize the allowance as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Percentage Rent — income arising from retail tenant leases that is contingent upon tenant sales exceeding defined thresholds.
These rents are recognized only after the contingency has been removed (i.e., when tenant sales thresholds have been achieved).

Hotel Revenue — income arising from the operation of the Hotel Pennsylvania which consists of rooms revenue, food and
beverage revenue, and banquet revenue. Income is recognized when rooms are occupied. Food and beverage and banquet revenue
are recognized when the services have been rendered.

Trade Shows Revenue — income arising from the operation of trade shows, including rentals of booths. This revenue is recognized
when the trade shows have occurred.

Expense Reimbursements — revenue arising from tenant leases which provide for the recovery of all or a portion of the operating
expenses and real estate taxes of the respective property. This revenue is recognized in the same periods as the expenses are
incurred.

• Management, Leasing and Other Fees — income arising from contractual agreements with third parties or with partially owned

entities. This revenue is recognized as the related services are performed under the respective agreements.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities:  ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, as amended, establishes accounting and
reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging
activities. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, our derivative instruments consisted of three interest rate swaps.  We record all derivatives
on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative
and the resulting designation. Derivatives used to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment
attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives used to hedge the exposure to
variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges.

For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivative and the hedged item related to the hedged
risk are recognized in earnings. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the
derivative is initially reported in other comprehensive income (loss) (outside of earnings) and subsequently reclassified to earnings when
the hedged transaction affects earnings, and the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized directly in
earnings. We assess the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in fair value or cash flows of the derivative
hedging instrument with the changes in fair value or cash flows of the designated hedged item or transaction. For derivatives not designated
as hedges, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

2.  Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies – continued

Significant Accounting Policies - continued

Income Taxes: Vornado operates in a manner intended to enable it to continue to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856‑860 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Under those sections, a REIT which distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income as
a dividend to its shareholders each year and which meets certain other conditions will not be taxed on that portion of its taxable income
which is distributed to its shareholders. Vornado distributes to its shareholders 100% of its taxable income and therefore, no provision
for Federal income taxes is required.  Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 2017, were characterized, for federal income
tax purposes, as ordinary income.  Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 2016, were characterized, for federal income
tax purposes, as 83.5% ordinary income and 16.5% long-term capital gain.  Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 2015,
were characterized, for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain income.

The Operating Partnership’s partners are required to report their respective share of taxable income on their individual tax returns.
We have elected to treat certain consolidated subsidiaries, and may in the future elect to treat newly formed subsidiaries, as taxable REIT
subsidiaries pursuant to an amendment to the Internal Revenue Code that became effective January 1, 2001.  Taxable REIT subsidiaries
may participate in non-real estate related activities and/or perform non-customary services for tenants and are subject to Federal and State
income tax at regular corporate tax rates. Our taxable REIT subsidiaries had a combined current income tax expense of approximately
$7,202,000, $7,946,000 and $8,322,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and have immaterial
differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities. 

At December 31, 2017 and 2016, our taxable REIT subsidiaries had deferred tax assets related to net operating loss carryforwards
of $66,535,000 and $98,013,000, respectively, which are included in “other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets.  Prior to the
quarter ended June 30, 2015, there was a full valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets because we had not determined that
it is more-likely-than-not that we would use the net operating loss carryforwards to offset future taxable income.  In our quarter ended
June 30, 2015, based upon residential condominium unit sales, among other factors, we concluded that it was more-likely-than-not that
we will generate sufficient taxable income to realize these deferred tax assets.  Accordingly, in the year ended December 31, 2015, we
reversed $90,030,000 of the allowance for deferred tax assets and recognized an income tax benefit in our consolidated statements of
income.  On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") was signed into law.  The Act includes numerous changes in
existing tax law, including a permanent reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%.  The rate reduction takes
effect on January 1, 2018.  As a result of the reduction of federal corporate income tax rates, we decreased the value of our taxable REIT
subsidiaries' deferred tax assets which resulted in additional income tax expense of $34,800,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017.

The following table reconciles net income attributable to Vornado common shareholders to estimated taxable income for the years

ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

Net income attributable to Vornado common shareholders

$

162,017

$

823,606

$

679,856

Book to tax differences (unaudited):

Depreciation and amortization

Impairment losses

Straight-line rent adjustments

Tax expense related to the reduction of the value of our taxable REIT subsidiaries'      
     deferred tax assets 

Sale of real estate and other capital transactions

Vornado stock options

Earnings of partially owned entities

Net gain on extinguishment of Skyline properties debt

Tangible property regulations

Other, net

Estimated taxable income (unaudited)

213,083

49,062

(36,696)

32,663

11,991

(6,383)

(3,054)

—

—

25,057

302,092

170,332

(137,941)

—

(39,109)

(3,593)

(149,094)

(457,970)

—

9,121

227,297

20,281

(144,727)

(84,862)

320,326

(8,278)

(5,299)

—
(575,618) (1)
58,748

$

447,740

$

517,444

$

487,724

____________________________________
(1) Represents one-time deductions pursuant to the implementation of the tangible property regulations issued by the Internal Revenue Service.

The net basis of Vornado’s assets and liabilities for tax reporting purposes is approximately $2.0 billion lower than the amounts

reported in Vornado’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

3.  Real Estate Fund Investments 

We are the general partner and investment manager of Vornado Capital Partners Real Estate Fund (the “Fund”) and own a 25.0%
interest in the Fund. On January 29, 2018, by unanimous consent of the Fund's limited partners, the Fund's term was extended to February
2023.  The Fund had a three-year investment period that ended in July 2013. During the investment period, the Fund was our exclusive
investment vehicle for all investments that fit within its investment parameters, as defined. The Fund is accounted for under ASC 946,
Financial Services – Investment Companies (“ASC 946”) and its investments are reported on its balance sheet at fair value, with changes
in value each period recognized in earnings. We consolidate the accounts of the Fund into our consolidated financial statements, retaining
the fair value basis of accounting.

We are also the general partner and investment manager of the Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel Joint Venture (the “Crowne Plaza
Joint Venture”) and own a 57.1% interest in the joint venture which owns the 24.7% interest in the Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel
not owned by the Fund.  The Crowne Plaza Joint Venture is also accounted for under ASC 946 and we consolidate the accounts of the
joint venture into our consolidated financial statements, retaining the fair value basis of accounting.

At December 31, 2017, we had five real estate fund investments through the Fund and the Crowne Plaza Joint Venture with an
aggregate fair value of $354,804,000, or $98,189,000 in excess of cost, and had remaining unfunded commitments of $117,872,000, of
which our share was $34,502,000.  At December 31, 2016, we had six real estate fund investments with an aggregate fair value of
$462,132,000.

Below is a summary of (loss) income from the Fund and the Crowne Plaza Joint Venture for the years ended December 31, 2017,

2016 and 2015.    

(Amounts in thousands)

Net investment income

Net realized gains on exited investments

Previously recorded unrealized gain on exited investments

Net unrealized (loss) gain on held investments

Income (loss) from real estate fund investments

Less (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries
(Loss) income from real estate fund investments attributable to the Operating Partnership(1)

Less loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

18,507

$

17,053

$

36,078

(25,538)

(25,807)

3,240

(14,044)

(10,804)

673

14,761

(14,254)

(41,162)

(23,602)

2,560

(21,042)

1,270

16,329

26,036

(23,279)

54,995

74,081

(40,117)

33,964

(2,011)

31,953

(Loss) income from real estate fund investments attributable to Vornado

$

(10,131) $

(19,772) $

________________________________________

(1) Excludes $4,091, $3,831, and $2,939 of management and leasing fees in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which are included as a

component of "fee and other income" on our consolidated statements of income.

On September 29, 2017, the Fund completed the sale of 800 Corporate Pointe in Culver City, CA for $148,000,000.  From the

inception of this investment through its disposition, the Fund realized a $35,620,000 net gain.

On July 27, 2017, the Fund completed a $100,000,000 loan facility for the refinancing of 1100 Lincoln Road, a 130,000 square foot
retail and theater property in Miami, Florida. The loan is interest-only at LIBOR plus 2.40%  (3.76% at December 31, 2017), matures in
July 2020 with two one-year extension options.  At closing, the fund drew $82,750,000, and subject to property performance, may borrow
up to $17,250,000 of additional proceeds within the first 18 months of the loan term. The property was previously encumbered by a
$66,000,000 interest-only mortgage at LIBOR plus 2.25% which was scheduled to mature in August 2017. 

On March 25, 2015, the Fund completed the sale of 520 Broadway in Santa Monica, CA for $91,650,000. The Fund realized a

$23,768,000 net gain over the holding period.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

4.  Marketable Securities 

Our portfolio of marketable securities is comprised of equity securities that are classified as available-for-sale.  Available-for-sale
securities are presented on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value.  Unrealized gains and losses resulting from the mark-to-market
of these securities are included in “other comprehensive income (loss).”  We adopted ASU 2016-01 effective January 1, 2018.  While the
adoption of ASU 2016-01 requires us to continue to measure "marketable securities" at fair value at each reporting date, the changes in
fair value will be recognized in current period earnings as opposed to "other comprehensive income (loss)."  As a result, on January 1,
2018  we  will  record  an  increase  to  retained  earnings  of  $109,553,000  to  recognize  the  unrealized  gains  previously  recorded  within
“accumulated other comprehensive income”. Subsequent changes in the fair value of our marketable securities will be recorded to “interest
and other investment income, net”.

We evaluate our portfolio of marketable securities for impairment each reporting period.  For each of the securities in our portfolio
with unrealized losses, we review the underlying cause of the decline in value and the estimated recovery period, as well as the severity
and duration of the decline.  In our evaluation, we consider our ability and intent to hold these investments for a reasonable period of
time sufficient for us to recover our cost basis.  We also evaluate the near-term prospects for each of these investments in relation to the
severity and duration of the decline.  

Below is a summary of our marketable securities portfolio as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

As of December 31, 2017

As of December 31, 2016

Equity securities:

Lexington Realty Trust

Other

Fair Value

GAAP
Cost

Unrealized
Gain

Fair Value

GAAP
Cost

Unrealized
Gain

$

$

178,226

4,526

182,752

$

$

72,549

650

73,199

$

$

105,677

3,876

109,553

$

$

199,465

4,239

203,704

$

$

72,549

650

73,199

$

$

126,916

3,589

130,505

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

5. 

Investments in Partially Owned Entities 

Alexander’s

As of December 31, 2017, we own 1,654,068 Alexander’s common shares, or approximately 32.4% of Alexander’s common equity.
We manage, develop and lease Alexander’s properties pursuant to agreements which expire in March of each year and are automatically
renewable.  As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, Alexander’s owed us an aggregate of $2,490,000 and $1,070,000, respectively, pursuant
to such agreements.

As of December 31, 2017 the market value (“fair value” pursuant to ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements ("ASC 820")) of our
investment in Alexander’s, based on Alexander’s December 31, 2017 closing share price of $395.85, was $654,763,000, or $528,363,000
in excess of the carrying amount on our consolidated balance sheet.  As of December 31, 2017, the carrying amount of our investment
in Alexander’s,  excluding  amounts  owed  to  us,  exceeds  our  share  of  the  equity  in  the  net  assets  of Alexander’s  by  approximately
$39,367,000.  The majority of this basis difference resulted from the excess of our purchase price for the Alexander’s common stock
acquired over the book value of Alexander’s net assets.  Substantially all of this basis difference was allocated, based on our estimates
of the fair values of Alexander’s assets and liabilities, to real estate (land and buildings).  We are amortizing the basis difference related
to the buildings into earnings as additional depreciation expense over their estimated useful lives.  This depreciation is not material to
our  share  of  equity  in Alexander’s  net  income.  The  basis  difference  related  to  the  land  will  be  recognized  upon  disposition  of  our
investment.

On June 1, 2017, Alexander’s completed a $500,000,000 refinancing of the office portion of 731 Lexington Avenue. The interest-
only loan is at LIBOR plus 0.90% (2.38% at December 31, 2017) and matures in June 2020 with four one-year extension options. In
connection therewith, Alexander’s purchased an interest rate cap with a notional amount of $500,000,000 that caps LIBOR at a rate of
6.00%. The property was previously encumbered by a $300,000,000 interest-only mortgage at LIBOR plus 0.95% which was scheduled
to mature in March 2021.

Management, Development, Leasing and Other Agreements

We receive an annual fee for managing Alexander’s and all of its properties equal to the sum of (i) $2,800,000, (ii) 2% of the gross
revenue from the Rego Park II Shopping Center, (iii) $0.50 per square foot of the tenant-occupied office and retail space at 731 Lexington
Avenue, and (iv) $306,000, escalating at 3% per annum, for managing the common area of 731 Lexington Avenue.  In addition, we are
entitled to a development fee of 6% of development costs, as defined.

We provide Alexander’s with leasing services for a fee of 3% of rent for the first ten years of a lease term, 2% of rent for the eleventh
through twentieth year of a lease term and 1% of rent for the twenty-first through thirtieth year of a lease term, subject to the payment
of rents by Alexander’s tenants.  In the event third-party real estate brokers are used, our fee increases by 1% and we are responsible for
the fees to the third-parties.  We are also entitled to a commission upon the sale of any of Alexander’s assets equal to 3% of gross proceeds,
as defined, for asset sales less than $50,000,000, and 1% of gross proceeds, as defined, for asset sales of $50,000,000 or more.

Building Maintenance Services (“BMS”), our wholly-owned subsidiary, supervises (i) cleaning, engineering and security services
at Alexander’s 731 Lexington Avenue property and (ii) security services at Alexander’s Rego Park I, Rego Park II properties and The
Alexander apartment tower.  During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recognized $2,678,000, $2,583,000 and
$2,221,000 of income, respectively, for these services.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

5. 

Investments in Partially Owned Entities – continued

Urban Edge Properties (“UE”) (NYSE: UE)

As of December 31, 2017, we own 5,717,184 UE operating partnership units, representing a 4.5% ownership interest in UE. We
account for our investment in UE under the equity method and record our share of UE’s net income or loss on a one-quarter lag basis. In
2017 and 2016, we provided UE with information technology support. UE is providing us with leasing and property management services
for (i) certain small retail properties that we plan to sell, and (ii) our affiliate, Alexander’s, Rego Park retail assets. As of December 31,
2017, the fair value of our investment in UE, based on UE’s December 31, 2017 closing share price of $25.49, was $145,731,000, or
$99,579,000 in excess of the carrying amount on our consolidated balance sheet.

In 2017, UE issued approximately 20,250,000 operating partnership units related to property acquisitions and public offerings of its
common stock. As a result, our ownership interest in UE decreased to 4.5% from 5.4%. In accordance with ASC 323-10-40-1, we account
for a unit issuance by an equity method investee as if we had sold a proportionate share of our investment. Accordingly, in 2017, we
recorded $21,100,000 of net gains in connection with these issuances which are included in “income (loss) from partially owned entities”
on our consolidated statements of income.

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust (“PREIT”) (NYSE: PEI)

As of December 31, 2017, we own 6,250,000 PREIT operating partnership units, representing an 8.0% interest in PREIT.  We account

for our investment in PREIT under the equity method and record our share of PREIT’s net income or loss on a one-quarter lag basis. 

Based on PREIT's September 29, 2017 quarter ended closing share price of $10.49, the market value ("fair value" pursuant to ASC
820) of our investment in PREIT was $65,563,000 or $44,465,000 below our carrying amount as of September 30, 2017. We concluded
that  our  investment  in  PREIT  was  "other-than-temporarily"  impaired  and  recorded  a  $44,465,000  non-cash  impairment  loss  on  our
consolidated statements of income. Our conclusion was based on a sustained trading value of PREIT stock below our carrying amount
and our inability to forecast a recovery in the near-term.

 As of December 31, 2017, the fair value of our investment in PREIT, based on PREIT’s December 31, 2017 closing share price of
$11.89, was $74,313,000, or $7,741,000 in excess of the carrying amount on our consolidated balance sheet.  As of December 31, 2017,
the carrying amount of our investment in PREIT exceeds our share of the equity in the net assets of PREIT by approximately $34,205,000.
The majority of this basis difference resulted from the excess of the fair value of the PREIT operating units received over our share of
the book value of PREIT’s net assets.  Substantially all of this basis difference was allocated, based on our estimates of the fair values
of PREIT’s assets and liabilities, to real estate (land and buildings).  We are amortizing the basis difference related to the buildings into
earnings as additional depreciation expense over their estimated useful lives.  This depreciation is not material to our share of equity in
PREIT’s net loss.  The basis difference related to the land will be recognized upon disposition of our investment.  

Moynihan Office Building

In September 2016, our 50.1% joint venture with the Related Companies (“Related”) was designated by Empire State Development
(“ESD”), an entity of New York State, to redevelop the historic Farley Post Office building. The building will include a new Moynihan
Train Hall and approximately 850,000 rentable square feet of commercial space, comprised of approximately 730,000 square feet of
office space and approximately 120,000 square feet of retail space. On June 15, 2017, the joint venture closed a 99-year, triple-net lease
with ESD for the commercial space at the Moynihan Office Building and made a $230,000,000 upfront contribution, of which our share
is $115,230,000, towards the construction of the train hall. The lease calls for annual rent payments of $5,000,000 plus payments in lieu
of real estate taxes. Simultaneously, the joint venture completed a $271,000,000 loan facility, of which $210,269,000 is outstanding at
December 31, 2017. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 3.25% (4.64% at December 31, 2017) and matures in June 2019 with two
one-year extension options.

The joint venture has also entered into a development agreement with ESD and a design-build contract with Skanska Moynihan
Train Hall Builders. Under the development agreement with ESD, the joint venture is obligated to build the Moynihan Train Hall, with
Vornado and Related each guaranteeing the joint venture’s obligations. Under the design-build agreement, Skanska Moynihan Train Hall
Builders is obligated to fulfill all of the joint venture’s obligations. The obligations of Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders have been
bonded by Skanska USA and bear a full guaranty from Skanska AB. 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

5. 

Investments in Partially Owned Entities – continued

Mezzanine Loan – New York

On May 9, 2017, a $150,000,000 mezzanine loan owned by a joint venture in which we had a 33.3% ownership interest was repaid

at its maturity and we received our $50,000,000 share. The mezzanine loan earned interest at LIBOR plus 9.42%.

Sterling Suffolk Racecourse, LLC (“Suffolk Downs JV”)

On May 26, 2017, Suffolk Downs JV, a joint venture in which we have a 21.2% equity interest, sold the property comprising the
Suffolk Downs racetrack in East Boston, Massachusetts (“Suffolk Downs”) for $155,000,000, which resulted in net proceeds and a net
gain to us of $15,314,000. In addition, we were repaid $29,318,000 of principal and $6,129,000 of accrued interest on our debt investments
in Suffolk Downs JV, resulting in a net gain of $11,373,000. 

330 Madison Avenue

On July 19, 2017, the joint venture, in which we have a 25.0% interest, completed a $500,000,000 refinancing of 330 Madison
Avenue, an 845,000 square foot Manhattan office building. The seven-year interest-only loan matures in August 2024 and has a fixed
rate of 3.43%. Our share of net proceeds, after repayment of the existing $150,000,000 LIBOR plus 1.30% mortgage and closing costs,
was approximately $85,000,000. 

280 Park Avenue

On August 23, 2017, the joint venture, in which we have a 50.0% interest, completed a $1.2 billion refinancing of 280 Park Avenue,
a 1,250,000 square foot Manhattan office building. The loan is interest-only at LIBOR plus 1.73% (3.16% at December 31, 2017) and
matures in September 2019 with five one-year extension options. Our share of net proceeds, after repayment of the existing $900,000,000
LIBOR plus 2.00% mortgage and closing costs, was approximately $140,000,000.

Toys "R" Us, Inc. ("Toys")

We own 32.5% of Toys. On September 18, 2017, Toys filed a voluntary petition under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy
Code. We carry our Toys investment at zero. Further, we do not hold any debt of Toys and do not guarantee any of Toys’ obligations. For
income tax purposes, we carry our investment in Toys at approximately $420,000,000 which could result in a tax deduction in future
periods.

50 West 57th Street

On December 13, 2017, the joint venture, in which we have a 50.0% interest, completed a $20,000,000 refinancing of 50 West 57th
Street, an 81,000 square foot Manhattan office building. The loan is interest-only at LIBOR plus 1.60% (3.06% at December 31, 2017)
and matures in December 2022. The new loan replaced the existing $20,000,000 mortgage which had a fixed rate of 3.50%. 

India Real Estate Ventures

During 2017, India Property Fund, in which we had a 36.5% interest, sold its investments. Our share of the aggregate sales price
was approximately $23,895,000 which resulted in a financial statement loss of $533,000. In addition, on December 28, 2017, we sold
our 25% interest in TCG Urban Infrastructure Holdings Private Limited for $18,742,000 which resulted in a financial statement gain of
$1,885,000, which substantially completes the disposition of our investments in India.

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VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

5. 

Investments in Partially Owned Entities – continued

Below is a schedule summarizing our investments in partially owned entities.  

(Amounts in thousands)

Investments:

Partially owned office buildings/land(1)

Alexander’s

PREIT

UE
Other investments(2)

330 Madison Avenue(3)
7 West 34th Street(4)

Percentage
Ownership at
December 31, 2017

As of December 31,

2017

2016

Various

32.4%

8.0%

4.5%

Various

25.0%

53.0%

$

504,393

$

126,400

66,572

46,152

313,312

681,265

129,324

122,883

24,523

420,259

$

$

$

1,056,829

$

1,378,254

(53,999) $

(47,369)

(101,368) $

—

(43,022)

(43,022)

________________________________________
(1)

Includes interests in 280 Park Avenue, 650 Madison Avenue, One Park Avenue, 330 Madison Avenue (in 2016 only - see (3) below), 512 West 22nd Street, 85 Tenth
Avenue, 61 Ninth Avenue and others.
Includes interests in Independence Plaza, Fashion Centre Mall/Washington Tower, Rosslyn Plaza, 50-70 West 93rd Street, Moynihan Office Building, Toys (which
has a carrying amount of zero), 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium and others.

(2)

(3) Our negative basis resulted from a refinancing distribution and is included in "other liabilities" on our consolidated balance sheets (in 2017 only).
(4) Our negative basis results from a deferred gain from the sale of a 47.0% ownership interest in the property on May 27, 2016 and is included in "other liabilities" on

our consolidated balance sheets. 

128

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

5. 

Investments in Partially Owned Entities – continued

Below is a schedule of net income (loss) from partially owned entities.

(Amounts in thousands)

Our Share of Net Income (Loss):

PREIT (see page 126 for details):

Non-cash impairment loss

Equity in net loss

Percentage
Ownership at
December 31, 2017

As of December 31,

2017

2016

2015

8.0%

$

(44,465) $

— $

(8,860)

(53,325)

(5,213)

(5,213)

Alexander's (see page 125 for details):

Equity in net income

Management, leasing and development fees

32.4%

UE (see page 126 for details):

Net gain resulting from UE operating partnership unit issuances

4.5%

Equity in net income

Management fees

Partially owned office buildings(1)

Other investments(2)

Various

Various

—

(7,450)

(7,450)

24,209

6,869

31,078

—

2,430

1,964

4,394

19,808

25,820

6,033

31,853

21,100

5,558

670

27,328

2,020

27,470

6,770

34,240

—

5,003

836

5,839

5,773

7,324

128,309

(57,777)

$

15,200

$

168,948

$

(9,947)

____________________
(1)

(2)

Includes interests in 280 Park Avenue, 650 Madison Avenue, One Park Avenue, 7 West 34th Street (in 2017 and 2016 only), 330 Madison Avenue, 512 West 22nd
Street, 85 Tenth Avenue (in 2017 only) and others.  In 2015, we recognized our $12,800 share of a write-off of a below-market lease liability related to a tenant
vacating at 650 Madison Avenue.
Includes interests in Independence Plaza, Fashion Centre Mall/Washington Tower, Rosslyn Plaza, 50-70 West 93rd Street, 85 Tenth Avenue (in 2016 and 2015 only),
666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium, India real estate ventures and others. In 2017, we recognized $26,687 of net gains, comprised of $15,314 representing our
share of a net gain on the sale of Suffolk Downs and $11,373 representing the net gain on repayment of our debt investments in Suffolk Downs JV (see page 127 for
details).  In 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recognized net losses of $25,414, $41,532 and $37,495, respectively, from our 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium joint
venture as a result of our share of depreciation expense. In 2016, the owner of 85 Tenth Avenue completed a 10-year, 4.55% $625,000 refinancing of the property
and we received net proceeds of $191,779 in repayment of our existing loans and preferred equity investments. We recognized $160,843 of income and no tax gain
as a result of this transaction. In 2016 and 2015, we recognized $13,962 and $14,806, respectively, of non-cash impairment losses related to India real estate ventures.

129

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

5. 

Investments in Partially Owned Entities – continued

Below is a summary of the debt of our partially owned entities as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.   

(Amounts in thousands)

Partially owned office buildings(2):

Mortgages payable

PREIT:

Mortgages payable

UE:

Mortgages payable

Alexander's:

Mortgages payable

Other(3):

Percentage
Ownership at
December 31, 2017

Maturity

Interest
Rate at
December 31, 2017

100% Partially Owned Entities’
Debt at December 31, (1)

2017

2016

Various

2019-2026

3.76%

3,934,894

3,227,053

8.0%

2018-2025

3.61%

1,586,045

1,747,543

4.5%

2018-2034

4.11%

1,415,806

1,209,994

32.4%

2018-2024

2.61%

1,252,440

1,056,147

Mortgages payable and other

Various

2018-2023

7.73%

8,601,383

8,540,710

________________________________________
(1) All amounts are non-recourse to us except the $300,000 mortgage loan on 7 West 34th Street which we guaranteed in connection with the sale of a 47.0% equity

(2)
(3)

interest in May 2016.
Includes 280 Park Avenue, 650 Madison Avenue, One Park Avenue, 7 West 34th Street, 330 Madison Avenue, 512 West 22nd Street, 85 Tenth Avenue and others.
Includes Independence Plaza, Fashion Centre Mall/Washington Tower, 50-70 West 93rd Street, Toys, 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium, Moynihan Office
Building and others.

Based on our ownership interest in the partially owned entities above, our pro rata share of the debt of these partially owned entities

was $5,288,276,000 and $4,895,497,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Summary of Condensed Combined Financial Information

The following is a summary of condensed combined financial information for all of our partially owned entities, including Toys and

Alexander’s, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

Balance Sheet:

Assets

Liabilities

Noncontrolling interests

Equity

(Amounts in thousands)

Income Statement:

Total revenue

Net loss

Balance as of December 31,

2017

2016

$

24,812,000

$

24,926,000

22,739,000

21,357,000

140,000

1,933,000

265,000

3,304,000

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

12,991,000

$

13,600,000

$

13,423,000

(542,000)

(65,000)

(224,000)

130

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

6.  Dispositions 

New York

On December 22, 2015, we completed the sale of 20 Broad Street, a  473,000 square foot office building in Manhattan for an aggregate
consideration of $200,000,000.  The total income from this transaction was approximately $157,000,000 comprised of approximately
$142,000,000 from the gain on sale and $15,000,000 of lease termination income set forth in Note 14 – Fee and Other Income. 

Discontinued Operations

Washington, DC

On June 20, 2017, we completed a $220,000,000 financing of The Bartlett residential building. The five-year interest-only loan is
at LIBOR plus 1.70% and matures in June 2022. On July 17, 2017, the property, the loan and the $217,000,000 of net proceeds were
transferred to JBG SMITH Properties ("JBGS") in connection with the tax-free spin-off of our Washington, DC segment.

On July 17, 2017, prior to completion of the tax-free spin-off of our Washington, DC segment, we repaid the  $43,581,000 LIBOR
plus 1.25% mortgage encumbering 1700 and 1730 M Street which was scheduled to mature in August 2017. The unencumbered property
was then transferred to JBGS in connection with the tax-free spin-off of our Washington, DC segment.  

On July 17, 2017, we completed the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment comprised of (i) 37 office properties totaling over 11.1
million square feet, five multifamily properties with 3,133 units and five other assets totaling approximately 406,000 square feet and (ii)
18 future development assets totaling over 10.4 million square feet of estimated potential development density, and (iii) $412.5 million
of cash ($275.0 million plus The Bartlett financing proceeds less transaction costs and other mortgage items) to JBGS. On July 18, 2017,
JBGS was combined with the management business and certain Washington, DC assets of The JBG Companies (“JBG”), a Washington,
DC real estate company. Steven Roth, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado, is the Chairman
of the Board of Trustees of JBGS. Mitchell Schear, former President of our Washington, DC business, is a member of the Board of Trustees
of JBGS. We are providing transition services to JBGS initially including information technology, financial reporting and payroll services.
The spin-off was effected through a tax-free distribution by Vornado to the holders of Vornado common shares of all of the common
shares of JBGS at the rate of one JBGS common share for every two common shares of Vornado and the distribution by the Operating
Partnership to the holders of its common units of all of the outstanding common units of JBG SMITH Properties LP (“JBGSLP”) at the
rate of one JBGSLP common unit for every two common units of VRLP held of record. See JBGS’ Amendment No. 3 on Form 10 (File
No. 1-37994) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 9, 2017 for additional information. Beginning in the third
quarter of 2017, the historical financial results of our Washington, DC segment are reflected in our consolidated financial statements as
discontinued operations for all periods presented.   

On March 15, 2016, we notified the servicer of the $678,000,000 non-recourse mortgage loan on the Skyline properties located in
Fairfax, Virginia, that cash flow would be insufficient to service the debt and pay other property related costs and expenses and that we
were  not  willing  to  fund  additional  cash  shortfalls.    Accordingly,  at  our  request,  the  loan  was  transferred  to  the  special  servicer.
Consequently, based on the shortened holding period for the underlying assets, we concluded that the excess of carrying amount over
our estimate of fair value was not recoverable and recognized a $160,700,000 non-cash impairment loss in the first quarter of 2016.  The
Company’s estimate of fair value was derived from a discounted cash flow model based upon market conditions and expectations of
growth and utilized unobservable quantitative inputs including a capitalization rate of 8.0% and a discount rate of 8.2%.  In the second
quarter of 2016, cash flow became insufficient to service the debt and we ceased making debt service payments.  Pursuant to the loan
agreement, the loan was in default, and was subject to incremental default interest which increased the weighted average interest rate
from 2.97% to 4.51% while the outstanding balance remains unpaid. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized $7,823,000
of default interest expense.  On August 24, 2016, the Skyline properties were placed in receivership.  On December 21, 2016, the disposition
of  the  Skyline  properties  was  completed  by  the  receiver.    In  connection  therewith,  the  Skyline  properties’  assets  (approximately
$236,535,000)  and  liabilities  (approximately  aggregating  $724,412,000),  were  removed  from  our  consolidated  balance  sheet  which
resulted in a net gain of $487,877,000.  There was no taxable income related to this transaction.

On September 9, 2015, we completed the sale of 1750 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, a 278,000 square foot office building in Washington,
DC for $182,000,000, resulting in a net gain of approximately $102,000,000 which is included in “(loss) income from discontinued
operations” on our consolidated statements of income.  The tax gain of approximately $137,000,000 was deferred as part of a like-kind
exchange. 

131

 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

6.  Dispositions – continued

Discontinued Operations - continued

Retail

On January 15, 2015, we completed the spin-off of substantially all of our retail segment comprised of 79 strip shopping centers,
three malls, a warehouse park and $225,000,000 of cash to UE.  In addition, we completed the following retail property sales, substantially
completing the exit of the retail strips and malls business.

On March 13, 2015, we sold our Geary Street, CA lease for $34,189,000, which resulted in a net gain of $21,376,000.

On March 31, 2015, we transferred the redeveloped Springfield Town Center, a 1,350,000 square foot mall located in Springfield,
Fairfax County, Virginia, to PREIT in exchange for $485,313,000, comprised of $340,000,000 of cash and 6,250,000 of PREIT operating
partnership units (valued at $145,313,000 or $23.25 per PREIT unit).  The financial statement gain was $7,823,000, of which $7,192,000
was recognized in the first quarter of 2015 and the remaining $631,000 was deferred based on our ownership interest in PREIT.  On
March 31, 2018, we will be entitled to additional consideration of 50% of the increase in the value of Springfield Town Center, if any,
over $465,000,000, calculated utilizing a 5.5% capitalization rate.

On August 6, 2015, we sold our 50% interest in the Monmouth Mall in Eatontown, NJ to our joint venture partner for $38,000,000,

valuing the property at approximately $229,000,000, which resulted in a net gain of $33,153,000.

132

 
  
  
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

6.  Dispositions – continued

Discontinued Operations - continued

In accordance with the provisions of ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, we have reclassified the revenues and expenses of
our former Washington, DC segment which was spun off on July 17, 2017, our strip shopping center and mall business which was spun
off to UE on January 15, 2015 and other related retail assets that were sold or are currently held for sale to “(loss) income from discontinued
operations” and the related assets and liabilities to “assets related to discontinued operations” and “liabilities related to discontinued
operations” for all of the periods presented in the accompanying financial statements.  The net gains resulting from the sale of certain of
these properties are included in “(loss) income from discontinued operations” on our consolidated statements of income.  The tables
below set forth the assets and liabilities related to discontinued operations as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and their combined results
of operations and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

Assets related to discontinued operations:

Real estate, net

Investments in partially owned entities

Other assets

Liabilities related to discontinued operations:

Mortgages payable, net

Other liabilities

(Amounts in thousands)

Income from discontinued operations:

Total revenues

Total expenses

JBGS spin-off transaction costs

Net gains on sale of real estate, a lease position and other

Income (loss) from partially owned assets

Net gain on early extinguishment of debt

Impairment losses

Net gain on sale of our 20% interest in Fairfax Square

UE spin-off transaction related costs

Pretax (loss) income from discontinued operations

Income tax expense

(Loss) income from discontinued operations

Cash flows related to discontinued operations:

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Balance as of December 31,

2017

2016

$

$

$

$

— $

—

1,357

1,357

$

— $

3,620

3,620

$

3,222,720

49,765

296,128

3,568,613

1,165,015

94,428

1,259,443

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

261,290

$

521,084

$

212,169

49,121

(68,662)

6,605

435

—

—

—

—

(12,501)

(727)

442,032

79,052

(16,586)

5,074

(3,559)

487,877

(161,165)

15,302

—

405,995

(1,083)

$

$

(13,228) $

404,912

$

42,578

$

(48,377)

157,484

$

(216,125)

558,663

477,299

81,364

—

167,801

(2,022)

—

(256)

—

(22,972)

223,915

(404)

223,511

155,686

315,432

133

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

7. 

Identified Intangible Assets and Liabilities 

The following summarizes our identified intangible assets (primarily above-market leases) and liabilities (primarily below-market

leases) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

Identified intangible assets:

Gross amount

Accumulated amortization

Total, net

Identified intangible liabilities (included in deferred revenue):

Gross amount

Accumulated amortization

Total, net

Balance as of December 31,

2017

2016

$

$

$

$

310,097

(150,837)

159,260

530,497

(324,897)

205,600

$

$

$

$

384,090

(194,422)

189,668

550,454

(298,238)

252,216

Amortization of acquired below-market leases, net of acquired above-market leases, resulted in an increase to rental income of
$46,103,000, $51,849,000 and $75,952,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  Estimated annual
amortization of acquired below-market leases, net of acquired above-market leases, for each of the five succeeding years commencing
January 1, 2018 is as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

$

41,969

30,543

22,260

17,489

14,306

Amortization of all other identified intangible assets (a component of depreciation and amortization expense) was $25,057,000,
$28,897,000 and $34,995,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  Estimated annual amortization of
all other identified intangible assets including acquired in-place leases, customer relationships, and third party contracts for each of the
five succeeding years commencing January 1, 2018 is as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

$

19,449

15,169

11,960

10,981

9,425

We are a tenant under ground leases at certain properties.  Amortization of these acquired below-market leases, net of above-market
leases, resulted in an increase to rent expense (a component of operating expense) of $1,747,000 for each of the years ended December
31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.  Estimated annual amortization of these below-market leases, net of above-market leases, for each of the five
succeeding years commencing January 1, 2018 is as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

$

1,747

1,747

1,747

1,747

1,747

134

 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

8.  Debt 

Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility

On October 17, 2017, we extended one of our two $1.25 billion unsecured revolving credit facilities from November 2018 to January
2022 with two six-month extension options. The interest rate on the extended facility was lowered from LIBOR plus 1.05% to LIBOR
plus 1.00%. The interest rate and facility fees are the same as our other $1.25 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, which matures
in February 2021 with two six-month extension options.  

Senior Unsecured Notes

On December 27, 2017, we completed a public offering of $450,000,000 3.50% senior unsecured notes due January 15, 2025.  The
interest rate on the senior unsecured notes will be payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15, commencing July 15, 2018.  The
notes were sold at 99.596% of their face amount to yield 3.565%. 

On December 27, 2017, we redeemed all of the $450,000,000 principal amount of our outstanding 2.50% senior unsecured notes
which were scheduled to mature on June 30, 2019, at a redemption price of approximately 100.71% of the principal amount plus accrued
interest  through  the  date  of  redemption.  In  connection  therewith,  we  expensed  $4,836,000  of  debt  prepayment  costs  and  wrote-off
unamortized deferred financing costs which are included in "interest and debt expense" on our consolidated statements of income. 

135

 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

8.  Debt – continued

The following is a summary of our debt:

(Amounts in thousands)

Mortgages Payable:

Fixed rate

Variable rate

Total

Deferred financing costs, net and other

Total, net

Unsecured Debt:

Senior unsecured notes

Deferred financing costs, net and other

Senior unsecured notes, net

Unsecured term loan

Deferred financing costs, net and other

Unsecured term loan, net

Weighted Average
Interest Rate at
December 31, 2017

Balance at December 31,

2017

2016

3.65%

3.33%

3.54%

4.21%

2.68%

$

$

$

5,461,706

$

2,742,133

8,203,839

(66,700)

5,479,547

2,727,133

8,206,680

(93,432)

8,137,139

$

8,113,248

850,000

$

(6,386)

843,614

750,000

(1,266)

748,734

850,000

(4,423)

845,577

375,000

(2,785)

372,215

Unsecured revolving credit facilities

—%

—

115,630

Total, net

$

1,592,348

$

1,333,422

 The net carrying amount of properties collateralizing the mortgages payable amounted to $9.8 billion at December 31, 2017.  As

of December 31, 2017, the principal repayments required for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Thereafter

Senior Unsecured
Debt and
Unsecured
Resolving Credit
Unsecured
Facilities

Mortgages Payable

$

2,009,030

$

750,000

973,294

1,867,567

1,613,948

950,000

790,000

—

—

—

400,000

450,000

136

 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

9.  Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests/Redeemable Partnership Units 

Redeemable noncontrolling interests on Vornado’s consolidated balance sheets and redeemable partnership units on the consolidated
balance sheets of the Operating Partnership are primarily comprised of Class A Operating Partnership units held by third parties and are
recorded at the greater of their carrying amount or redemption value at the end of each reporting period.  Changes in the value from period
to period are charged to “additional capital” in Vornado’s consolidated statements of changes in equity and to “partners’ capital” on the
consolidated balance sheets of the Operating Partnership.  Class A units may be tendered for redemption to the Operating Partnership for
cash; Vornado, at its option, may assume that obligation and pay the holder either cash or Vornado common shares on a one-for-one basis.
Because the number of Vornado common shares outstanding at all times equals the number of Class A units owned by Vornado, the
redemption value of each Class A unit is equivalent to the market value of one Vornado common share, and the quarterly distribution to
a Class A unitholder is equal to the quarterly dividend paid to a Vornado common shareholder. 

Below are the details of redeemable noncontrolling interests/redeemable partnership units as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(Amounts in thousands, except units and per unit amounts)

Unit Series

2017

2016

2017

2016

Balance as of
 December 31,

Units Outstanding at 
December 31,

Per Unit
Liquidation
Preference

Preferred or
Annual
Distribution
Rate

Common:

Class A units held by third parties

$

979,509

$

1,273,018

12,528,899

12,197,162

n/a

$

2.62

Perpetual Preferred/Redeemable Preferred(1):

5.00% D-16 Cumulative Redeemable

3.25% D-17 Cumulative Redeemable

$

$

1,000

4,428

$

$

1,000

4,428

1

1

$ 1,000,000.00

177,100

177,100

$

25.00

$

$

50,000.00

0.8125

________________________________________
(1) Holders may tender units for redemption to the Operating Partnership for cash at their stated redemption amount; Vornado, at its option, may assume that obligation

and pay the holders either cash or Vornado preferred shares on a one-for-one basis.  These units are redeemable at Vornado's option at any time.

Below is a table summarizing the activity of redeemable noncontrolling interests/redeemable partnership units.

(Amounts in thousands)

Balance, December 31, 2015

Net income

Other comprehensive income

Distributions

Redemption of Class A units for Vornado common shares, at redemption value

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A units at redemption value

Other, net

Balance, December 31, 2016

Net income

Other comprehensive income

Distributions

Redemption of Class A units for Vornado common shares, at redemption value

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A units at redemption value (including $224,069 attributable to the spin-off of JBGS)

Other, net

Balance, December 31, 2017

$

1,229,221

53,654

4,699

(31,342)

(36,510)

26,251

32,473

1,278,446

10,910

643

(33,229)

(38,747)

(268,494)

35,408

984,937

$

137

 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

9.  Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests/Redeemable Partnership Units – continued

Redeemable noncontrolling interests/redeemable partnership units exclude our Series G-1 through G-4 convertible preferred units
and Series D-13 cumulative redeemable preferred units, as they are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing
Liabilities and Equity, because of their possible settlement by issuing a variable number of Vornado common shares.  Accordingly, the
fair value of these units is included as a component of “other liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets and aggregated $50,561,000
as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.  Changes in the value from period to period, if any, are charged to “interest and debt expense” on
our consolidated statements of income.   

10.  Shareholders’ Equity/Partners’ Capital 

Common Shares (Vornado Realty Trust)

As of December 31, 2017, there were 189,983,858 common shares outstanding.  During 2017, we paid an aggregate of $496,490,000
of common dividends comprised of quarterly common dividends of $0.71 per share in the first and second quarter and $0.60 per share
in the third and fourth quarter.  The third and fourth quarter dividends were after the July 17, 2017 spin-off of JBGS.  JBGS' third and
fourth quarter dividend amounts to $0.1125 per common share, adjusted for the 1:2 distribution to Vornado shareholders.

Class A Units (Vornado Realty L.P.)

As of December 31, 2017, there were 189,983,858 Class A units outstanding that were held by Vornado.  These units are classified
as “partners’ capital” on the consolidated balance sheets of the Operating Partnership.  As of December 31, 2017, there were 12,528,899
Class A  units  outstanding,  that  were  held  by  third  parties.  These  units  are  classified  outside  of    “partners’  capital”  as  “redeemable
partnership units” on the consolidated balance sheets of the Operating Partnership (See Note 9 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests/
Redeemable Partnership Units). During 2017, the Operating Partnership paid an aggregate of $496,490,000 of distributions to Vornado
comprised of quarterly common distributions of $0.71 per unit in the first and second quarter and $0.60 per unit in the third and fourth
quarter.  The third and fourth quarter distributions were after the July 17, 2017 spin-off of JBGS.  JBGS' third and fourth quarter distribution
amounts to $0.1125 per unit, adjusted for the 1:2 distribution to Vornado shareholders.

Preferred Share/Preferred Units

On September 1, 2016, we redeemed all of the outstanding 6.875% Series J cumulative redeemable preferred shares/units at their
redemption price of $25.00 per share/unit, or $246,250,000 in the aggregate, plus accrued and unpaid dividends/distributions through
the date of redemption.  In connection therewith, we expensed $7,408,000 of issuance costs, which reduced net income attributable to
common shareholders and net income attributable to Class A unitholders in the twelve months ended December 31, 2016.  These costs
had been initially recorded as a reduction of shareholders’ equity and partners’ capital.

In December 2017, we sold 12,780,000 5.25% Series M cumulative redeemable preferred shares at a price of $25.00 per share in an
underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement.  We received aggregate net proceeds of $309,609,000, after
underwriters’ discounts and issuance costs and contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 12,780,000
5.25% Series M preferred units (with economic terms that mirror those of the Series M preferred shares).  Dividends on the Series M
preferred shares/units are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears.  The Series M preferred shares/units are not convertible into, or
exchangeable for, any of our properties or securities.  On or after five years from the date of issuance (or sooner under limited circumstances),
we may redeem the Series M preferred shares/units at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends through
the date of redemption. The Series M preferred shares/units have no maturity date and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed
by us.  

In December 2017, we called for redemption of all of the outstanding 6.625% Series G and 6.625% Series I cumulative redeemable
preferred shares/units.  As a result, as of December 31, 2017, we reclassed the 6.625% Series G and 6.625% Series I cumulative redeemable
preferred shares/units from shareholder's equity/partner's capital to liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. On January 4, 2018,
we redeemed all of the outstanding 6.625% Series G cumulative redeemable preferred shares/units at their redemption price of $25.00
per share/unit, or $200,000,000 in the aggregate, plus accrued and unpaid dividends/distributions through the date of redemption.  On
January 4 and 11, 2018, we redeemed 6,000,000 shares/units and 4,800,000 shares/units, respectively, representing all of the outstanding
6.625% Series I cumulative redeemable preferred shares/units at their redemption price of $25.00 per share/unit, or $270,000,000 in the
aggregate, plus accrued and unpaid dividends/distributions through the date of redemption.  Upon redemption of both series, we expensed
$14,486,000 of issuance costs, which will be included in the quarter ended March 31, 2018 consolidated statements of income.  

138

 
 
 
  
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

10.  Shareholders’ Equity/Partners’ Capital – continued

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  details  of  our  preferred  shares  of  beneficial  interest  and  the  preferred  units  of  the  Operating

Partnership as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands, except share/unit and per share/per unit
amounts)

Preferred Shares/Units

Convertible Preferred:

Balance as of
 December 31,

Shares/Units Outstanding
at December 31,

2017

2016

2017

2016

Liquidation
Preference

Annual
Dividend/
Distribution(1)

Per Share/Unit

6.5% Series A: authorized 83,977 shares/units(2)

$

1,102

$

1,264

19,573

24,829

$

50.00

$

3.25

Cumulative Redeemable Preferred:

6.625% Series G: authorized 8,000,000 shares/units(3)(4)
6.625% Series I: authorized 10,800,000 shares/units(3)(4)
5.70% Series K: authorized 12,000,000 shares/units(3)
5.40% Series L: authorized 12,000,000 shares/units(3)
5.25% Series M: authorized 12,780,000 shares/units(3)

—

—

193,135

262,379

—

—

8,000,000

10,800,000

290,971

290,306

309,609

290,971

12,000,000

12,000,000

290,306

12,000,000

12,000,000

— 12,780,000

—

25.00

25.00

25.00

25.00

25.00

1.65625

1.65625

1.425

1.35
1.3125 (5)

$ 891,988

$ 1,038,055

36,799,573

42,824,829

________________________________________
(1) Dividends on preferred shares and distributions on preferred units are cumulative and are payable quarterly in arrears.
(2) Redeemable at the option of Vornado under certain circumstances, at a redemption price of 1.9531 common shares/Class A units per Series A Preferred Share/Unit
plus accrued and unpaid dividends/distributions through the date of redemption, or convertible at any time at the option of the holder for 1.9531 common shares/
Class A units per Series A Preferred Share/Unit.

(3) Redeemable at Vornado's option at a redemption price of $25.00 per share/unit, plus accrued and unpaid dividends/distributions through the date of redemption.
(4)

In December 2017, we called for redemption all of the outstanding 6.625% Series G and 6.625% Series I cumulative redeemable preferred shares/units. These shares
were redeemed on January 4 and 11, 2018. As a result, we reclassed to liabilities all of the outstanding shares/units with the aggregate amount of $455,514 on our
consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2017.

(5) Annual dividend/distribution rate commencing in December 2017.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table sets forth the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component.

(Amounts in thousands)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2017

Balance as of December 31, 2016

OCI before classifications

Amounts reclassified from AOCI

Balance as of December 31, 2017

Total

118,972

$

(4,692)

14,402

Securities
available-
for-sale

130,505

(20,951)

—

Pro rata share of
nonconsolidated
subsidiaries' OCI
$

(12,058) $

1,425

14,402

Interest
rate
swap

8,066

$

15,476

—

128,682

$

109,554

$

3,769

$

23,542

$

$

$

Other

(7,541)

(642)

—

(8,183)

139

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

11.  Variable Interest Entities 

Unconsolidated VIEs

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we have several unconsolidated VIEs.  We do not consolidate these entities because we are not
the primary beneficiary and the nature of our involvement in the activities of these entities does not give us power over decisions that
significantly affect these entities’ economic performance.  We account for our investment in these entities under the equity method (see
Note 5 – Investments in Partially Owned Entities).  As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the net carrying amount of our investments in
these entities was $352,925,000 and $392,150,000, respectively, and our maximum exposure to loss in these entities, is limited to our
investments.

Consolidated VIEs

Our most significant consolidated VIEs are the Operating Partnership (for Vornado), real estate fund investments, and certain properties
that have non-controlling interests.  These entities are VIEs because the non-controlling interests do not have substantive kick-out or
participating rights.  We consolidate these entities because we control all significant business activities.

As  of  December  31,  2017,  the  total  assets  and  liabilities  of  our  consolidated  VIEs,  excluding  the  Operating  Partnership,  were
$3,561,062,000 and $1,753,798,000 respectively.  As of December 31, 2016, the total assets and liabilities of our consolidated VIEs,
excluding the Operating Partnership, were $3,638,483,000 and $1,762,322,000, respectively.

140

 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

12.  Fair Value Measurements 

ASC 820 defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value.  The objective of fair value is to determine the
price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants
at the measurement date (the exit price).  ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs
used to measure fair value into three levels: Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement
date for assets or liabilities; Level 2 – observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted in active markets, but corroborated by market
data; and Level 3 – unobservable inputs that are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest
priority to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. In determining fair value, we utilize valuation techniques that maximize
the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible, as well as consider counterparty credit
risk in our assessment of fair value.  Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret Level 2 and 3 inputs in determining the fair value
of our financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.  Accordingly, our fair value estimates, which are made at the end of each reporting
period, may be different than the amounts that may ultimately be realized upon sale or disposition of these assets.   

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets consist of (i) marketable securities,
(ii) real estate fund investments, (iii) the assets in our deferred compensation plan (for which there is a corresponding liability on our
consolidated balance sheets), (iv) interest rate swaps and (v) mandatorily redeemable instruments (Series G-1 through G-4 convertible
preferred units, Series D-13 cumulative redeemable preferred units, and 6.625% Series G and 6.625% Series I cumulative redeemable
preferred shares).  The tables below aggregate the fair values of these financial assets and liabilities by their levels in the fair value
hierarchy at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

(Amounts in thousands)

Marketable securities

Real estate fund investments

Deferred compensation plan assets ($11,545 included in restricted cash and $97,633 in

other assets)

Interest rate swaps (included in other assets)

Total assets

Mandatorily redeemable instruments (included in other liabilities)

Interest rate swaps (included in other liabilities)

Total liabilities

(Amounts in thousands)

Marketable securities

Real estate fund investments

Deferred compensation plan assets ($4,187 included in restricted cash and $117,187 in

other assets)

Interest rate swaps (included in other assets)

Total assets

Mandatorily redeemable instruments (included in other liabilities)

Interest rate swaps (included in other liabilities)

Total liabilities

141

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

As of December 31, 2017

Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$

182,752

$

182,752

$

— $

354,804

109,178

27,472

674,206

520,561

1,052

$

$

—

69,050

—

251,802

520,561

—

$

$

—

—

27,472

— $

1,052

521,613

$

520,561

$

1,052

$

27,472

$

394,932

—

354,804

40,128

—

—

—

—

As of December 31, 2016

Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

203,704

$

203,704

$

— $

462,132

121,374

21,816

—

63,930

—

—

—

21,816

—

462,132

57,444

—

809,026

$

267,634

$

21,816

$

519,576

50,561

$

50,561

$

— $

10,122

—

10,122

60,683

$

50,561

$

10,122

$

—

—

—

 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

12.  Fair Value Measurements – continued

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis - continued

Real Estate Fund Investments

At December 31, 2017, we had five real estate fund investments with an aggregate fair value of $354,804,000, or $98,189,000 in
excess of cost.  These investments are classified as Level 3.  We use a discounted cash flow valuation technique to estimate the fair value
of each of these investments, which is updated quarterly by personnel responsible for the management of each investment and reviewed
by senior management at each reporting period.  The discounted cash flow valuation technique requires us to estimate cash flows for
each investment over the anticipated holding period, which currently ranges from 0.3 years to 5.0 years.  Cash flows are derived from
property rental revenue (base rents plus reimbursements) less operating expenses, real estate taxes and capital and other costs, plus
projected sales proceeds in the year of exit.  Property rental revenue is based on leases currently in place and our estimates for future
leasing activity, which are based on current market rents for similar space plus a projected growth factor.  Similarly, estimated operating
expenses and real estate taxes are based on amounts incurred in the current period plus a projected growth factor for future periods.
Anticipated sales proceeds at the end of an investment’s expected holding period are determined based on the net cash flow of the
investment in the year of exit, divided by a terminal capitalization rate, less estimated selling costs. 

The fair value of each property is calculated by discounting the future cash flows (including the projected sales proceeds), using an
appropriate discount rate and then reduced by the property’s outstanding debt, if any, to determine the fair value of the equity in each
investment. Significant unobservable quantitative inputs used in determining the fair value of each investment include capitalization rates
and discount rates.  These rates are based on the location, type and nature of each property, and current and anticipated market conditions,
industry publications and from the experience of our Acquisitions and Capital Markets departments.  Significant unobservable quantitative
inputs in the table below were utilized in determining the fair value of these real estate fund investments at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Unobservable Quantitative Input

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

Discount rates

2.0% to 14.9%

10.0% to 14.9%

Terminal capitalization rates

4.7% to 6.7%

4.3% to 5.8%

11.9%

5.5%

12.6%

5.3%

Range

Weighted Average
(based on fair value of investments)

The above inputs are subject to change based on changes in economic and market conditions and/or changes in use or timing of exit.
Changes in discount rates and terminal capitalization rates result in increases or decreases in the fair values of these investments.  The
discount rates encompass, among other things, uncertainties in the valuation models with respect to terminal capitalization rates and the
amount and timing of cash flows.  Therefore, a change in the fair value of these investments resulting from a change in the terminal
capitalization rate may be partially offset by a change in the discount rate.  It is not possible for us to predict the effect of future economic
or market conditions on our estimated fair values.

The table below summarizes the changes in the fair value of real estate fund investments that are classified as Level 3, for the years

ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

Beginning balance

Dispositions/distributions

Net unrealized loss on held investments

Net realized gains on exited investments

Previously recorded unrealized gains on exited investments

Other, net

Ending balance

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$

462,132

$

(91,606)

(25,807)

36,078

(25,538)

(455)

574,761

(71,888)

(41,162)

14,761

(14,254)

(86)

$

354,804

$

462,132

142

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

12.  Fair Value Measurements – continued

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis - continued

Deferred Compensation Plan Assets

Deferred compensation plan assets that are classified as Level 3 consist of investments in limited partnerships and investment funds,
which are managed by third parties.  We receive quarterly financial reports from a third-party administrator, which are compiled from
the quarterly reports provided to them from each limited partnership and investment fund.  The quarterly reports provide net asset values
on a fair value basis which are audited by independent public accounting firms on an annual basis.  The third-party administrator does
not adjust these values in determining our share of the net assets and we do not adjust these values when reported in our consolidated
financial statements.

The table below summarizes the changes in the fair value of deferred compensation plan assets that are classified as Level 3, for the

years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

Beginning balance

Purchases

Sales

Realized and unrealized gains

Other, net

Ending balance

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

$

$

57,444

$

5,786

(27,715)

2,519

2,094

40,128

$

59,186

5,355

(9,354)

344

1,913

57,444

Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis

There were no assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2017 and

2016. 

143

 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

12.  Fair Value Measurements – continued

Financial Assets and Liabilities not Measured at Fair Value

Financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets include cash equivalents
(primarily money market funds, which invest in obligations of the United States government), and our secured and unsecured debt.
Estimates of the fair value of these instruments are determined by the standard practice of modeling the contractual cash flows required
under the instrument and discounting them back to their present value at the appropriate current risk adjusted interest rate, which is
provided by a third-party specialist.  For floating rate debt, we use forward rates derived from observable market yield curves to project
the expected cash flows we would be required to make under the instrument.  The fair value of cash equivalents and borrowings under
our unsecured revolving credit facilities and unsecured term loan are classified as Level 1.  The fair value of our secured debt and unsecured
debt are classified as Level 2.  The table below summarizes the carrying amounts and fair value of these financial instruments as of
December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

As of December 31, 2017

As of December 31, 2016

Cash equivalents

Debt:

Mortgages payable

Senior unsecured notes

Unsecured term loan

Unsecured revolving credit facilities

Total

Carrying
Amount

Fair
Value

Carrying
Amount

Fair
Value

$

$

$

$

$

1,500,227

8,203,839

850,000

750,000

—

$

$

1,500,000

8,194,000

878,000

750,000

—

$

$

1,307,105

8,206,680

850,000

375,000

115,630

1,307,000

8,163,000

899,000

375,000

116,000

9,803,839 (1) $

9,822,000

$

9,547,310 (1) $

9,553,000

____________________
(1)      Excludes $74,352 and $100,640 of deferred financing costs, net and other as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

144

 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

13.  Stock-based Compensation 

Vornado’s  2010  Omnibus  Share  Plan  (the  “Plan”)  provides  the  Compensation  Committee  of  Vornado’s  Board  of  Trustees  (the
“Committee”) the ability to grant incentive and non-qualified Vornado stock options, restricted stock, restricted Operating Partnership
units and out-performance plan awards to certain of our employees and officers.  Under the Plan, awards may be granted up to a maximum
of 6,000,000 Vornado shares, if all awards granted are Full Value Awards, as defined, and up to 12,000,000 Vornado shares, if all of the
awards granted are Not Full Value Awards, as defined, plus shares in respect of awards forfeited after May 2010 that were issued pursuant
to Vornado’s 2002 Omnibus Share Plan.  Full Value Awards are awards of securities, such as Vornado restricted shares, that, if all vesting
requirements are met, do not require the payment of an exercise price or strike price to acquire the securities.  Not Full Value Awards are
awards of securities, such as Vornado stock options, that do require the payment of an exercise price or strike price.  This means, for
example, if the Committee were to award only Vornado restricted shares, it could award up to 6,000,000 Vornado restricted shares.  On
the other hand, if the Committee were to award only Vornado stock options, it could award options to purchase up to 12,000,000 Vornado
common  shares  (at  the  applicable  exercise  price).  The  Committee  may  also  issue  any  combination  of  awards  under  the  Plan,  with
reductions  in  availability  of  future  awards  made  in  accordance  with  the  above  limitations.  As  of  December  31,  2017, Vornado  has
approximately 2,353,000 shares available for future grants under the Plan, if all awards granted are Full Value Awards, as defined.

In the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recognized an aggregate of $32,829,000, $33,980,000 and $39,846,000,
respectively, of stock-based compensation expense, which is included as a component of “general and administrative” expenses on our
consolidated statements of income.  The year ended December 31, 2015 includes $7,834,000 from the acceleration of the recognition of
compensation expense related to 2013-2015 Out-Performance Plans due to the modification of the vesting criteria of awards such that
they will fully vest at age 65.  The details of the various components of our stock-based compensation are discussed on the following
pages.

145

 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

13.  Stock-based Compensation – continued

Out-Performance Plans (the "OPPs”)

OPPs are multi-year, performance-based equity compensation plans under which participants have the opportunity to earn a class
of units (“OPP units”) of the Operating Partnership if, and only if, Vornado outperforms a predetermined total shareholder return (“TSR”)
and/or outperform the market with respect to a relative TSR in any year during the requisite performance periods as described below.
OPP units, if earned, become convertible into Class A units of the Operating Partnership (and ultimately into Vornado common shares)
following vesting.

Awards under the 2014 OPP have been 99.5% earned. Awards under the 2016 OPP may be earned if Vornado (i) achieves a TSR
level greater than 7% per annum, or 21% over the 3-year performance measurement periods (the “Absolute Component”), and/or (ii)
achieves  a TSR  above  that  of  the  SNL  US  REIT  Index  (“Index”)  over  the  3-year  performance  measurement  periods  (the  “Relative
Component”).  To the extent awards would be earned under the Absolute Component of each of the OPPs, but Vornado underperforms
the Index, such awards would be reduced (and potentially fully negated) based on the degree to which Vornado underperforms the Index.
In certain circumstances, in the event Vornado outperforms the Index but awards would not otherwise be fully earned under the Absolute
Component, awards may still be earned or increased under the Relative Component.  To the extent awards would otherwise be earned
under the Relative Component but Vornado fails to achieve at least a 6% per annum absolute TSR, such awards earned under the Relative
Component would be reduced based on Vornado’s absolute TSR, with no awards being earned in the event Vornado’s TSR during the
applicable measurement period is 0% or negative, irrespective of the degree to which Vornado may outperform the Index.  Dividends on
awards issued and distributions on awards earned accrue during the performance period.

If the designated performance objectives are achieved, OPP units are also subject to time-based vesting requirements. Awards earned
under the OPPs vest 33.33% in each of years three, four and five.  Vornado’s senior executive officers are required to hold earned 2017,
2016 and 2015 OPP awards (or related equity) for at least one year following vesting. 

Below is the summary of the OPP units granted during the years December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Plan Year

2017

2016

2015

Total Plan
Notional Amount

Percentage of
Notional Amount
Granted

$

35,000,000

40,000,000

40,000,000

Grant Date
Fair Value(1)

OPP Units Earned

86.6% $

86.7%

84.5%

10,800,000

11,800,000

To be determined in 2020

To be determined in 2019

9,120,000

Not earned

________________________________________
(1) Such amounts are being amortized into expense over a 5-year period from the date of grant, using a graded vesting attribution model.  In the years ended December
31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recognized $10,723,000, $11,055,000 and $15,531,000, respectively, of compensation expense related to OPPs.  As of December 31,
2017, there was $4,159,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the OPPs, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years. 

146

 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

13.  Stock-based Compensation – continued

Vornado Stock Options     

Vornado stock options are granted at an exercise price equal to the average of the high and low market price of Vornado’s common
shares on the NYSE on the date of grant, generally vest over 4 years and expire 10 years from the date of grant.  Compensation expense
related to Vornado stock option awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.  In the years ended December 31,
2017, 2016 and 2015, we recognized $747,000, $937,000 and $1,298,000, respectively, of compensation expense related to Vornado
stock options that vested during each year.  As of December 31, 2017, there was $865,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related
to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.

Below is a summary of Vornado’s stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Outstanding at January 1, 2017

Granted

Exercised

Cancelled or expired

Outstanding at December 31, 2017

Options vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2017

Options exercisable at December 31, 2017

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price

Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

49.81

85.78

62.89

102.96

46.62

46.98

45.86

2.2

2.2

2.1

$

$

$

89,382,838

90,218,230

89,274,127

Shares

3,322,069

$

29,867

(449,386)

(78,650)

2,823,900

2,881,202

2,762,728

$

$

$

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using an option-pricing model with the following weighted-

average assumptions for grants in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Expected volatility

Expected life

Risk free interest rate

Expected dividend yield

2017

35%

5.0 years

1.95%

3.0%

December 31,

2016

35%

5.0 years

1.76%

3.2%

2015

35%

5.0 years

1.56%

3.3%

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $25.84,
$22.14 and $28.85, respectively.  Cash received from option exercises for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was
$28,253,000, $6,825,000 and $15,343,000, respectively.  The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December
31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $9,178,000, $5,519,000 and $3,873,000, respectively.

147

 
 
 
 
 
 
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

13.  Stock-based Compensation – continued

Vornado Restricted Stock

Vornado restricted stock awards are granted at the average of the high and low market price of Vornado’s common shares on the
NYSE on the date of grant and generally vest over four years.  Compensation expense related to Vornado’s restricted stock awards is
recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.  In the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recognized
$729,000, $851,000 and $837,000, respectively, of compensation expense related to Vornado restricted stock awards that vested during
each year.  As of December 31, 2017, there was $860,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested Vornado restricted
stock, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.  Dividends paid on unvested Vornado restricted
stock are charged directly to retained earnings and amounted to $46,000, $56,000 and $58,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017,
2016 and 2015, respectively.

Below is a summary of Vornado’s restricted stock activity under the Plan for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Unvested Shares

Unvested at January 1, 2017

Granted

Vested

Cancelled or expired

Unvested at December 31, 2017

Shares

Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value

23,597

$

7,419

(14,662)

(1,509)

14,845

55.03

81.06

43.97

34.42

81.05

Vornado restricted stock awards granted in 2017, 2016 and 2015 had a fair value of $601,000, $927,000 and $906,000, respectively.
The fair value of restricted stock that vested during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $645,000, $641,000 and
$882,000, respectively.

Restricted Operating Partnership Units (“OP Units”)

OP Units are granted at the average of the high and low market price of Vornado’s common shares on the NYSE on the date of grant,
vest ratably over four years and are subject to a taxable book-up event, as defined.  Compensation expense related to OP Units is recognized
ratably over the vesting period using a graded vesting attribution model.  In the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we
recognized $20,630,000, $21,136,000 and $22,180,000, respectively, of compensation expense related to OP Units that vested during
each year.  As of December 31, 2017, there was $18,229,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested OP Units, which
is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.  Distributions paid on unvested OP Units are charged to “net
income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership” on Vornado’s consolidated statements of income and to
“preferred unit distributions” on the Operating Partnership’s consolidated statements of income and amounted to $2,310,000, $1,968,000
and $2,414,000 in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.   

Below is a summary of restricted OP unit activity under the Plan for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Unvested Units

Unvested at January 1, 2017

Granted

Vested

Cancelled or expired

Unvested at December 31, 2017

Units

Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value

627,709

$

312,554

(309,030)

(2,271)

628,962

70.11

79.75

67.64

68.16

76.13

OP Units granted in 2017, 2016 and 2015 had a fair value of $24,927,000, $18,492,000 and $20,293,000, respectively.  The fair value
of OP Units that vested during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $20,903,000, $22,701,000 and $20,072,000,
respectively.

148

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

14.  Fee and Other Income 

The following table sets forth the details of fee and other income:

(Amounts in thousands)

BMS cleaning fees

Management and leasing fees
Lease termination fees(1)

Other income

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

$

104,143

$

93,425

$

10,087

8,171

13,349

8,243

8,770

9,648

96,880

6,288

23,369

13,353

135,750

$

120,086

$

139,890

________________________________________
(1)

2015 includes $15,000 related to the New York Stock Exchange lease termination at 20 Broad Street.

The  above  table  excludes  fee  income  from  partially  owned  entities,  which  is  included  in  “income  (loss)  from  partially  owned

entities” (see Note 5 – Investments in Partially Owned Entities). 

15.  Interest and Other Investment Income, Net 

 The following table sets forth the details of our interest and other investment income, net:

(Amounts in thousands)

Dividends on marketable securities
Mark-to-market income of investments in our deferred compensation plan(1)

Interest on loans receivable

Other, net

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

13,276

$

13,135

$

12,836

6,932

4,352

13,233

5,213

3,890

7,310

111

6,371

7,922

37,793

$

29,548

$

27,240

$

$

________________________________________
(1) This  income  is  entirely  offset  by  the  expense  resulting  from  the  mark-to-market  of  the  deferred  compensation  plan  liability,  which  is  included  in  "general  and

administrative" expense.

16.  Interest and Debt Expense 

 The following table sets forth the details of interest and debt expense. 

(Amounts in thousands)

Interest expense

Amortization of deferred financing costs

Capitalized interest and debt expense

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

$

359,819

$

328,398

$

34,066

(48,231)

32,185

(30,343)

345,654

$

330,240

$

333,388

29,335

(53,425)

309,298

149

 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

17.  Income Per Share/Income Per Class A Unit 

Vornado Realty Trust

The following table provides a reconciliation of both net income and the number of common shares used in the computation of (i)
basic income per common share - which includes the weighted average number of common shares outstanding without regard to dilutive
potential common shares, and (ii) diluted income per common share - which includes the weighted average common shares and dilutive
share equivalents. Dilutive share equivalents may include our Series A convertible preferred shares, employee stock options, restricted
stock awards and Out-Performance Plan awards.

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

Numerator:

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

Income from continuing operations, net of income attributable to noncontrolling interests

$

239,824

$

526,686

$

550,240

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of income attributable to noncontrolling

interest

Net income attributable to Vornado

Preferred share dividends

Preferred share issuance costs (Series J redemption)

Net income attributable to common shareholders

Earnings allocated to unvested participating securities

Numerator for basic income per share

Impact of assumed conversions:

Earnings allocated to Out-Performance Plan units

Convertible preferred share dividends

Numerator for diluted income per share

Denominator:

Denominator for basic income per share – weighted average shares
Effect of dilutive securities (1):

Employee stock options and restricted share awards

Out-Performance Plan units

Convertible preferred shares

Denominator for diluted income per share – weighted average shares and assumed

conversations

INCOME PER COMMON SHARE – BASIC:

Income from continuing operations, net

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net

Net income per common share

INCOME PER COMMON SHARE – DILUTED:

Income from continuing operations, net

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net

Net income per common share

(12,408)

227,416

(65,399)

—

162,017

(46)

161,971

230

—

380,231

906,917

(75,903)

(7,408)

823,606

(96)

823,510

806

86

210,194

760,434

(80,578)

—

679,856

(81)

679,775

—

91

$

162,201

$

824,402

$

679,866

189,526

188,837

188,353

1,448

284

—

1,064

230

42

1,166

—

45

191,258

190,173

189,564

$

$

$

$

0.92

(0.07)

0.85

0.91

(0.06)

0.85

$

$

$

$

2.35

2.01

4.36

2.34

2.00

4.34

$

$

$

$

2.49

1.12

3.61

2.48

1.11

3.59

________________________________________
(1) The effect of dilutive securities in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 excludes an aggregate of 12,165, 12,022 and 11,744 weighted average common

share equivalents, respectively, as their effect was anti-dilutive.

150

 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

17.  Income Per Share/Income Per Class A Unit – continued

Vornado Realty L.P.

The following table provides a reconciliation of both net income and the number of Class A units used in the computation of (i)
basic income per Class A unit - which includes the weighted average number of Class A units outstanding without regard to dilutive
potential Class A units, and (ii) diluted income per Class A unit - which includes the weighted average Class A units and dilutive unit
equivalents. Dilutive unit equivalents may include our Series A convertible preferred units, Vornado stock options, restricted unit awards
and Out-Performance Plan awards.  

(Amounts in thousands, except per unit amounts)

Numerator:

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

Income from continuing operations, net of income attributable to noncontrolling interests

$

251,554

$

555,659

$

(Loss) income from discontinued operations

Net income attributable to Vornado Realty L.P.

Preferred unit distributions

Preferred unit issuance costs (Series J redemption)

Net income attributable to Class A unitholders

Earnings allocated to unvested participating securities

Numerator for basic income per Class A unit

Impact of assumed conversions:

Convertible preferred unit distributions

Numerator for diluted income per Class A unit

Denominator:

(13,228)

238,326

(65,593)

—

172,733

(3,232)

169,501

404,912

960,571

(76,097)

(7,408)

877,066

(4,177)

872,889

580,154

223,511

803,665

(80,736)

—

722,929

(4,092)

718,837

—

86

92

$

169,501

$

872,975

$

718,929

Denominator for basic income per Class A unit – weighted average units
Effect of dilutive securities (1):

Vornado stock options and restricted unit awards

Convertible preferred units

Denominator for diluted income per Class A unit – weighted average units and assumed

conversations

201,214

200,350

199,309

2,086

—

1,625

42

1,804

45

203,300

202,017

201,158

INCOME PER CLASS A UNIT – BASIC:

Income from continuing operations, net

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net

Net income per Class A unit

INCOME PER CLASS A UNIT – DILUTED:

Income from continuing operations, net

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net

Net income per Class A unit

$

$

$

0.91

$

(0.07)

0.84

0.90

(0.07)

0.83

$

$

2.34

2.02

4.36

2.32

2.00

4.32

$

$

$

2.49

1.12

3.61

2.46

1.11

3.57

________________________________________
(1) The effect of dilutive securities in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 excludes an aggregate of 124, 178 and 150 weighted average Class A unit

equivalents, respectively, as their effect was anti-dilutive.

151

 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

18.  Leases 

As lessor: 

We lease space to tenants under operating leases. Most of the leases provide for the payment of fixed base rentals payable monthly
in advance. Office building leases generally require the tenants to reimburse us for operating costs and real estate taxes above their base
year costs. Certain leases provide for pass-through to tenants for the tenant’s share of real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance. Certain
leases also provide for the payment by the lessee of additional rent based on a percentage of the tenants’ sales. As of December 31, 2017,
future base rental revenue under non-cancelable operating leases, excluding rents for leases with an original term of less than one year
and rents resulting from the exercise of renewal options, are as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)

Year Ending December 31:

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Thereafter

$

1,469,201

1,441,139

1,369,636

1,298,798

1,230,172

5,841,213

These  amounts  do  not  include  percentage  rentals  based  on  tenants’  sales.   These  percentage  rents  approximated  $4,062,000,

$3,590,000 and $1,575,000, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

None of our tenants accounted for more than 10% of total revenues in any of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

As lessee:          

We are a tenant under operating leases for certain properties.  These leases have terms that expire during the next thirty years.  Future

minimum lease payments under operating leases at December 31, 2017 are as follows: 

(Amounts in thousands)

Year Ending December 31:

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Thereafter

$

33,703

34,301

34,779

35,295

36,319

1,113,171

Rent expense, a component of “operating" expenses on our consolidated statements of income, was $40,219,000, $40,170,000 and

$37,575,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

152

 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

18.  Leases – continued

1535 Broadway

We are a lessee under a long-term capital lease for the retail and signage components of the Marriott Marquis Times Square Hotel
at 1535 Broadway.  At inception of the lease in 2012, we recorded a $240,000,000 capital lease asset and liability on our consolidated
balance sheet based on the present value of future minimum lease payments.  The capital lease asset is being depreciated on a straight-
line basis over the estimated life of the asset and the related expense is included in “depreciation and amortization” on our consolidated
statements of income.  During 2017, we substantially completed the redevelopment of the leased space, as required under the lease, at a
total redevelopment cost of approximately $197,209,000.  The lease contains a put/call purchase option under which the lessor may
exercise its “put” on predetermined dates after March 31, 2018 and we may exercise our “call” at any time after July 30, 2027 and before
January 3, 2032.  

As of December 31, 2017, future minimum lease payments under this capital lease are as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)

Year Ending December 31:

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Thereafter

Total minimum obligations

Interest portion

Present value of net minimum payments

$

$

13,508

12,508

12,508

12,508

12,508

297,330

360,870

(120,870)

240,000

As of December 31, 2017, the gross carrying amount of the property leased under the capital lease was $436,984,000, which is a

component of “buildings and improvements” on our consolidated balance sheets.

153

 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

19.  Multiemployer Benefit Plans 

Our subsidiaries make contributions to certain multiemployer defined benefit plans (“Multiemployer Pension Plans”) and health
plans (“Multiemployer Health Plans”) for our union represented employees, pursuant to the respective collective bargaining agreements.

Multiemployer Pension Plans

Multiemployer Pension Plans differ from single-employer pension plans in that (i) contributions to multiemployer plans may be used
to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers and (ii) if other participating employers fail to make their contributions,
each of our participating subsidiaries may be required to bear its then pro rata share of unfunded obligations.  If a participating subsidiary
withdraws from a plan in which it participates, it may be subject to a withdrawal liability.  As of December 31, 2017, our subsidiaries’
participation in these plans was not significant to our consolidated financial statements.

In the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, our subsidiaries contributed $10,113,000, $9,479,000 and $10,878,000,
respectively, towards Multiemployer Pension Plans, which is included as a component of “operating” expenses on our consolidated
statements of income.  Our subsidiaries’ contributions did not represent more than 5% of total employer contributions in any of these
plans for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Multiemployer Health Plans

Multiemployer Health Plans in which our subsidiaries participate provide health benefits to eligible active and retired employees.
In  the  years  ended  December  31,  2017,  2016  and  2015,  our  subsidiaries  contributed  $29,549,000,  $32,998,000  and  $29,269,000,
respectively, towards these plans, which is included as a component of “operating” expenses on our consolidated statements of income.

20.  Commitments and Contingencies 

Insurance 

We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, and all risk property and rental
value insurance with limits of $2.0 billion per occurrence, with sub-limits for certain perils such as flood and earthquake. Our California
properties have earthquake insurance with coverage of $180,000,000 per occurrence and in the aggregate, subject to a deductible in the
amount of 5% of the value of the affected property. We maintain coverage for terrorism acts with limits of $4.0 billion per occurrence
and in the aggregate, and $2.0 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate for terrorism involving nuclear, biological, chemical and
radiological (“NBCR”) terrorism events, as defined by Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015, which expires
in December 2020. 

Penn Plaza Insurance Company, LLC (“PPIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a re-insurer with respect to a
portion of all risk property and rental value insurance and a portion of our earthquake insurance coverage, and as a direct insurer for
coverage for acts of terrorism including NBCR acts. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third
party insurance companies and the Federal government with no exposure to PPIC. For NBCR acts, PPIC is responsible for a deductible
of $1,976,000 ($1,601,000 for 2018) and 17% (18% for 2018) of the balance of a covered loss and the Federal government is responsible
for the remaining portion of a covered loss. We are ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by PPIC. 

We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism.  However, we
cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible for deductibles and
losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material.

Our debt instruments, consisting of mortgage loans secured by our properties which are non-recourse to us, senior unsecured notes
and revolving credit agreements contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have
adequate insurance coverage for purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable
costs in the future. Further, if lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain it could adversely affect our ability to finance
our properties and expand our portfolio. 

154

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

20.  Commitments and Contingencies – continued

Other Commitments and Contingencies 

We are from time to time involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, after consultation with
legal counsel, the outcome of such matters is not currently expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results
of operations or cash flows. 

Each of our properties has been subjected to varying degrees of environmental assessment at various times. The environmental
assessments did not reveal any material environmental contamination. However, there can be no assurance that the identification of new
areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, the discovery of additional sites, or changes in cleanup
requirements would not result in significant costs to us. 

Generally, our mortgage loans are non-recourse to us.  However, in certain cases we have provided guarantees or master leased tenant
space.  These guarantees and master leases terminate either upon the satisfaction of specified circumstances or repayment of the underlying
loans.  As of December 31, 2017, the aggregate dollar amount of these guarantees and master leases is approximately $668,000,000. 

As of December 31, 2017, $8,938,000 of letters of credit was outstanding under one of our unsecured revolving credit facilities.
Our unsecured revolving credit facilities contain financial covenants that require us to maintain minimum interest coverage and maximum
debt to market capitalization ratios, and provide for higher interest rates in the event of a decline in our ratings below Baa3/BBB. Our
unsecured revolving credit facilities also contain customary conditions precedent to borrowing, including representations and warranties,
and also contain customary events of default that could give rise to accelerated repayment, including such items as failure to pay interest
or principal. 

 In September 2016, our 50.1% joint venture with Related was designated by ESD, an entity of New York State, to redevelop the
historic Farley Post Office Building (see page 126).  The joint venture entered into a development agreement with ESD and a design-
build contract with Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders. Under the development agreement with ESD, the joint venture is obligated
to build the Moynihan Train Hall, with Vornado and Related each guaranteeing the joint venture’s obligations. Under the design-build
agreement, Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders is obligated to fulfill all of the joint venture’s obligations. The obligations of Skanska
Moynihan Train Hall Builders have been bonded by Skanska USA and bear a full guaranty from Skanska AB. 

As of December 31, 2017, we expect to fund additional capital to certain of our partially owned entities aggregating approximately

$42,000,000. 

As of December 31, 2017, we have construction commitments aggregating approximately $422,000,000. 

155

 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

21.  Related Party Transactions 

Alexander’s, Inc.

We own 32.4% of Alexander’s. Steven Roth, the Chairman of Vornado’s Board of Trustee’s and its Chief Executive Officer is also
the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Alexander’s.  We provide various services to Alexander’s in accordance with
management, development and leasing agreements.  These agreements are described in Note 5 - Investments in Partially Owned Entities.

Urban Edge Properties

We own 4.5% of UE.  In 2017 and 2016, we provided UE with information technology support.  UE is providing us with leasing,
development and property management services for (i) certain small retail properties that we plan to sell and (ii) our affiliate, Alexander's,
Rego retail assets. Fees to UE for servicing the retail assets of Alexander’s are similar to the fees that we are receiving from Alexander’s
as described in Note 5 - Investments in Partially Owned Entities. 

Interstate Properties (“Interstate”)

Interstate is a general partnership in which Mr. Roth is the managing general partner. David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr.,
Trustees of Vornado and Directors of Alexander’s, are Interstate’s two other general partners. As of December 31, 2017, Interstate and
its partners beneficially owned an aggregate of approximately 7.2% of the common shares of beneficial interest of Vornado and 26.2%
of Alexander’s common stock. 

We manage and lease the real estate assets of Interstate pursuant to a management agreement for which we receive an annual fee
equal to 4% of annual base rent and percentage rent.  The management agreement has a term of 1 year and is automatically renewable
unless terminated by either of the parties on 60 days’ notice at the end of the term.  We believe, based upon comparable fees charged by
other  real  estate  companies,  that  the  management  agreement  terms  are  fair  to  us.  We  earned  $501,000,  $521,000,  and  $541,000  of
management fees under the agreement for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

156

 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

22.  Summary of Quarterly Results (Unaudited)

Vornado Realty Trust

The following summary represents the results of operations for each quarter in 2017 and 2016:

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

2017

2016

December 31

September 30

June 30

March 31

December 31

September 30

June 30

March 31

Net Income (Loss)
Attributable
to Common
Shareholders (1)

Net Income (Loss) Per
Common Share (2)

Basic

Diluted

Revenues

536,226

$

27,319

$

0.14

$

528,755

511,087

508,058

(29,026)

115,972

47,752

513,974

$

651,181

$

502,753

498,098

488,917

66,125

220,463

(114,163)

(0.15)

0.61

0.25

$

3.44

0.35

1.17

(0.61)

0.14

(0.15)

0.61

0.25

3.43

0.35

1.16

(0.61)

$

$

____________________
(1) Fluctuations among quarters resulted primarily from non-cash impairment losses, net gains on extinguishment of debt, net gains on sale of real estate and other items

and from seasonality of business operations. 

(2) The total for the year may differ from the sum of the quarters as a result of weighting.

Vornado Realty L.P.

The following summary represents the results of operations for each quarter in 2017 and 2016:

(Amounts in thousands, except per unit amounts)

2017

2016

December 31

September 30

June 30

March 31

December 31

September 30

June 30

March 31

Net Income (Loss)
Attributable
to Class A
Unitholders (1)

Net Income (Loss)
Per Class A Unit (2)

Basic

Diluted

Revenues

$

$

536,226

$

29,123

$

0.14

$

528,755

511,087

508,058

(30,952)

123,630

50,932

(0.16)

0.61

0.25

513,974

$

693,377

$

3.44

$

502,753

498,098

488,917

70,442

234,945

(121,698)

0.35

1.17

(0.61)

0.14

(0.16)

0.61

0.25

3.43

0.35

1.16

(0.61)

____________________
(1) Fluctuations among quarters resulted primarily from non-cash impairment losses, net gains on extinguishment of debt, net gains on sale of real estate and other items

and from seasonality of business operations. 

(2) The total for the year may differ from the sum of the quarters as a result of weighting.

157

 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

23.    Segment Information 

On January 1, 2017, we classified our investment in 85 Tenth Avenue in the "New York" segment as a result of the December 1,
2016  receipt  of  a  49.9%  ownership  interest  in  the  property  and  prior  repayment  of  our  mezzanine  loans  receivable.  Previously  our
investment in the mezzanine loans was classified in the "Other" segment. 

On July 17, 2017, we completed the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment. Beginning in the third quarter of 2017, the historical
financial results of our former Washington, DC segment are reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations
for all periods presented and are included in the Other segment. Subsequent to the Washington, DC spin-off, we operate in two segments,
New York and Other, which is based on how we manage our business. 

We have reclassified our 49.5% interest in 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium from "New York" to "Other" in all periods presented

because we do not intend to hold this asset on a long-term basis.

Net Operating Income ("NOI") represents total revenues less operating expenses.  We consider NOI to be the primary non-GAAP
financial measure for making decisions and assessing the unlevered performance of our segments as it relates to the total return on assets
as opposed to the levered return on equity. As properties are bought and sold based on NOI, we utilize this measure to make investment
decisions as well as to compare the performance of our assets to that of our peers. NOI should not be considered a substitute for net
income. NOI may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.  

Below is a reconciliation of net income to NOI for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

Net income 

Deduct:

Our share of (income) loss from partially owned entities

Our share of (income) loss from real estate fund investments

Interest and other investment income, net

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets

Loss (income) from discontinued operations 

NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add:

Depreciation and amortization expense

General and administrative expense

Acquisition and transaction related costs

NOI from partially owned entities 

Interest and debt expense

Income tax expense (benefit)

NOI at share

Non cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net

and other

NOI at share - cash basis

For the Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

264,128

$

981,922

$

859,430

(15,200)

(3,240)

(37,793)

(501)

13,228

(65,311)

429,389

158,999

1,776

269,164

345,654

41,090

(168,948)

23,602

(29,548)

(160,433)

(404,912)

(66,182)

421,023

149,550

9,451

271,114

330,240

7,229

1,401,383

1,364,108

(86,842)

(170,477)

$

1,314,541

$

1,193,631

$

9,947

(74,081)

(27,240)

(149,417)

(223,511)

(64,859)

379,803

149,256

12,511

245,750

309,298

(85,012)

1,341,875

(214,322)

1,127,553

158

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

23.    Segment Information - continued

Below is a summary of NOI and selected balance sheet data by segment for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

Total revenues

Operating expenses

NOI - consolidated

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities

NOI at share

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net

and other

NOI at share - cash basis

Balance Sheet Data:

Real estate, at cost

Investments in partially owned entities

Total assets

(Amounts in thousands)

Total revenues

Operating expenses

NOI - consolidated

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities

NOI at share

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net

and other

NOI at share - cash basis

Balance Sheet Data:

Real estate, at cost

Investments in partially owned entities

Total assets

(Amounts in thousands)

Total revenues

Operating expenses

NOI - consolidated

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities

NOI at share

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net

and other

NOI at share - cash basis

159

For the Year Ended December 31, 2017

Total

New York

Other

$

2,084,126

$

1,779,307

$

886,596

1,197,530

(65,311)

269,164

1,401,383

(86,842)

1,314,541

14,756,295

1,056,829

17,397,934

$

$

756,670

1,022,637

(45,899)

189,327

1,166,065

(79,202)

1,086,863

11,025,092

861,430

13,780,817

$

$

$

$

304,819

129,926

174,893

(19,412)

79,837

235,318

(7,640)

227,678

3,731,203

195,399

3,617,117

For the Year Ended December 31, 2016

Total

New York

Other

$

2,003,742

$

1,713,374

$

844,566

1,159,176

(66,182)

271,114

1,364,108

(170,477)

1,193,631

14,187,820

1,378,254

20,814,847

$

$

716,754

996,620

(47,480)

159,386

1,108,526

(143,239)

965,287

10,787,730

1,026,793

13,310,524

$

$

$

$

290,368

127,812

162,556

(18,702)

111,728

255,582

(27,238)

228,344

3,400,090

351,461

7,504,323

For the Year Ended December 31, 2015

Total

New York

Other

$

1,985,495

$

1,695,925

$

824,511

1,160,984

(64,859)

245,750

1,341,875

694,228

1,001,697

(42,905)

156,177

1,114,969

(214,322)

(186,781)

$

1,127,553

$

928,188

$

289,570

130,283

159,287

(21,954)

89,573

226,906

(27,541)

199,365

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

24.  Subsequent Event 

Stock-based Compensation

On January 12, 2018, the Compensation Committee approved the issuance of appreciation-only long-term incentive plan units, or
“AO LTIP Units”, pursuant to the Plan to certain of our officers and employees.  In connection with the approval of AO LTIP Units,
Vornado, in its capacity as sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, amended the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of
Limited  Partnership  of  the  Operating  Partnership  (the  “Partnership Agreement”)  in  order  to  establish  the  terms  of  the  new  class  of
partnership interests known as AO LTIP Units.

AO LTIP Units are a class of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership that are intended to qualify as “profits interests” for
federal income tax purposes and generally only allow the recipient to realize value to the extent the fair market value of a Vornado common
share exceeds the threshold level set at the time the AO LTIP Units are granted, subject to any vesting conditions applicable to the award.
The threshold level is intended to be equal to 100% of the then fair market value of a Vornado common share on the date of grant.  The
value of vested AO LTIP Units is realized through conversion of the AO LTIP Units into Class A Operating Partnership units.  The number
of Class A Units into which vested AO LTIP Units may be converted is determined based on the quotient of (i) the excess of the conversion
value on the conversion date over the threshold value designated at the time the AO LTIP Unit was granted, divided by (ii) the conversion
value on the conversion date.  The “conversion value” is the value of a Vornado common share on the conversion date multiplied by the
Conversion Factor as defined in the Partnership Agreement, which is currently one.  AO LTIP Units have a term of ten years from the
grant date.

Each holder will generally receive special income allocations in respect of an AO LTIP Unit equal to 10% (or such other percentage
specified in the applicable award agreement) of the income allocated in respect of a Class A Unit.  Upon conversion of AO LTIP Units
to Class A Units, holders will be entitled to receive in respect of each such AO LTIP Unit, on a per unit basis, a special distribution equal
to 10% (or such other percentage specified in the applicable award agreement) of the distributions received by a holder of an equivalent
number of Class A Units during the period from the grant date of the AO LTIP Units through the date of conversion.

Other

On January 4 and 11, 2018, we redeemed all of the outstanding 6.625% Series G and 6.625% Series I cumulative redeemable preferred
shares/units at their redemption price of $25.00 per share/unit, or $470,000,000 in the aggregate, plus accrued and unpaid dividends/
distributions through the date of redemption (see Note 10 - Shareholder’s Equity/Partners’ Capital).

On January 5, 2018, we completed a $100,000,000 refinancing of 33-00 Northern Boulevard (Center Building), a 471,000 square
foot office building in Long Island City, New York.  The seven-year loan is at LIBOR plus 1.80%, which was swapped to a fixed rate of
4.14%.  The loan is interest only for the first five years and includes principal amortization of $1,800,000 per annum beginning in year
six. We realized net proceeds of approximately $37,200,000 after repayment of the existing 4.43% $59,800,000 mortgage and closing
costs.

On January 17, 2018, the Fund completed the sale of 11 East 68th Street, a property located on Madison Avenue and 68th Street, for

$82,000,000.  From the inception of this investment through its disposition, the Fund realized a $46,259,000 net gain.

160

 
 
 
ITEM 9. 

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL
DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Vornado Realty Trust

Disclosure  Controls  and  Procedures:   Our  management,  with  the  participation  of Vornado’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief
Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a‑15 (e)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based
on such evaluation, Vornado’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our
disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting:  There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as
defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year to which
this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of Vornado Realty Trust, together with its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company”), is responsible for establishing
and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed
under the supervision of Vornado’s principal executive and principal financial officers to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  our  financial  statements  for  external  reporting  purposes  in  accordance  with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

As of December 31, 2017, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting
based  on  the  framework  established  in  Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has determined that our internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2017 was effective.

Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in
reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurances that transactions are
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and our trustees;
and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets
that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche
LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing on the following page, which expresses an
unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017.

161

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Shareholders and Board of Trustees
Vornado Realty Trust
New York, New York

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Vornado Realty Trust and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December
31,  2017,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  -  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013)
issued by COSO. 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB),
the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017, of the Company and our report dated February
12, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. 

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of
the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control
over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based
on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company
in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission
and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our
audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists,
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance
of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations
of  management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections
of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Parsippany, New Jersey
February 12, 2018

162

 
ITEM 9A. - CONTINUED

Vornado Realty L.P.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures:  Vornado Realty L.P.’s management, with the participation of Vornado’s Chief Executive Officer
and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  has  evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  such  term  is  defined  in
Rule 13a‑15 (e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. Based on such evaluation, Vornado’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end
of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting:  There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as
defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year to
which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial
reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of Vornado Realty Trust, sole general partner of Vornado Realty L.P., together with Vornado Realty L.P.’s consolidated
subsidiaries (the “Company”), is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our
internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of Vornado’s principal executive and principal financial
officers to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements
for external reporting purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

As of December 31, 2017, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting
based  on  the  framework  established  in  Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has determined that our internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2017 was effective.

Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in
reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurances that transactions are
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and Vornado’s
trustees; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of
our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche
LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing on the following page, which expresses an
unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017.

163

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Partners
Vornado Realty L.P.
New York, New York

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Vornado Realty L.P. and subsidiaries (the “Partnership”) as of December
31,  2017,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  -  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Partnership maintained, in all material respects, effective internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013)
issued by COSO. 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB),
the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017, of the Partnership and our report dated February
12, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. 

Basis for Opinion

The Partnership’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of
the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control
over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based
on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership
in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission
and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our
audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists,
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance
of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations
of  management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections
of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Parsippany, New Jersey
February 12, 2018

164

 
 
ITEM 9B. 

OTHER INFORMATION

 None.

PART III

ITEM 10. 

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information relating to trustees of Vornado, the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner, including its audit committee and audit
committee financial expert, will be contained in Vornado’s definitive Proxy Statement involving the election of Vornado’s trustees under
the caption “Election of Trustees” which Vornado will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 not later than 120 days after December 31, 2017, and such information is incorporated herein
by  reference.  Also  incorporated  herein  by  reference  is  the  information  under  the  caption  “16(a)  Beneficial  Ownership  Reporting
Compliance” of the Proxy Statement.

The following is a list of the names, ages, principal occupations and positions with Vornado of the executive officers of Vornado
and the positions held by such officers during the past five years. All executive officers of Vornado have terms of office that run until the
next succeeding meeting of the Board of Trustees of Vornado following the Annual Meeting of Vornado’s Shareholders unless they are
removed sooner by Vornado’s Board.

Name

Steven Roth

Age

76

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION, POSITION AND OFFICE
(Current and during past five years with Vornado unless otherwise stated)

Chairman of the Board; Chief Executive Officer since April 2013 and from May 1989 to May 2009;
Managing General Partner of Interstate Properties, an owner of shopping centers and an investor in
securities and partnerships; Chief Executive Officer of Alexander’s, Inc. since March 1995, a Director
since 1989, and Chairman since May 2004.

David R. Greenbaum

66

President of the New York Division since April 1997 (date of our acquisition); President of Mendik
Realty (the predecessor to the New York Office division) from 1990 until April 1997.

Michael J. Franco

49

Executive Vice President - Chief Investment Officer since April 2015; Executive Vice President -
Head of Acquisitions and Capital Markets since November 2010; Managing Director (2003-2010)
and Executive Director (2001-2003) of the Real Estate Investing Group of Morgan Stanley.

Joseph Macnow

72

Executive Vice President - Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer since February
2017; Executive Vice President - Finance and Chief Administrative Officer from June 2013 to February
2017; Executive Vice President - Finance and Administration from January 1998 to June 2013, and
Chief Financial Officer from March 2001 to June 2013; Treasurer since May 2017, and Executive
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from August 1995 to April 2017 of Alexander's Inc.

Vornado, the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner, has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to, among
others, the above executive officers, and its principal accounting officer, Matthew Iocco, Vornado's Executive Vice President - Chief
Accounting Officer.  This Code is available on Vornado’s website at www.vno.com.

165

 
 
ITEM 11. 

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information relating to Vornado’s executive officer and trustee compensation will be contained in Vornado’s Proxy Statement referred
to above in Item 10, “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance,” under the caption “Executive Compensation” and such
information is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12. 

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Information relating to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters will be
contained in Vornado’s Proxy Statement referred to in Item 10, “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance,” under the
caption “Principal Security Holders” and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

 Equity compensation plan information

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2017 regarding Vornado’s equity compensation plans.

Plan Category

Equity compensation plans approved by

security holders

Equity compensation awards not approved by

security holders

Total

Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights

Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights

Number of securities remaining
available for future issuance
under equity compensation plans
(excluding securities reflected in
the second column)

4,988,139 (1)

$

—

4,988,139

$

46.62

—

46.62

2,353,493 (2)

—

2,353,493

________________________________________
(1)

Includes an aggregate of 2,164,239 shares/units, comprised of (i) 14,846 restricted Vornado common shares, (ii) 628,962 restricted Operating Partnership units and
(iii) 1,520,431 Out-Performance Plan units, which do not have an exercise price.

(2) Based on awards being granted as "Full Value Awards," as defined.  If we were to grant "Not Full Value Awards," as defined, the number of securities available for

future grants would be 4,706,986.

ITEM 13.  

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information relating to certain relationships and related transactions, and director independence will be contained in Vornado’s Proxy
Statement referred to in Item 10, “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance,” under the caption “Certain Relationships
and Related Transactions” and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14. 

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Information relating to principal accounting fees and services will be contained in Vornado’s Proxy Statement referred to in Item 10,
“Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance,” under the caption “Ratification of Selection of Independent Auditors” and
such information is incorporated herein by reference.

166

 
 
Item 15. 

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:

PART IV

1. The consolidated financial statements are set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following financial statement schedules should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in Item 8 of this

Annual Report on Form 10-K.

II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts--years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
III--Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Pages in this
Annual Report
on Form 10-K

168
169

Schedules other than those listed above are omitted because they are not applicable or the information required is included in the

consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.

167

 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
December 31, 2017 
(Amounts in Thousands)

Column A

Description

Year Ended December 31, 2017

Allowance for doubtful accounts

Year Ended December 31, 2016

Allowance for doubtful accounts

Year Ended December 31, 2015

Allowance for doubtful accounts

Column B

Balance at
Beginning of
Year

Column C

Additions
Charged
Against
Operations

Column D

Column E

Uncollectible
Accounts
Written-off

Balance
at End
of Year

$

$

$

8,621

$

26

$

(2,167) $

6,480

10,075

$

1,827

$

(3,281) $

8,621

18,299

$

(1,429) $

(6,795) $

10,075

168

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
SCHEDULE III
REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
(Amounts in thousands)

COLUMN A

COLUMN B

COLUMN C

COLUMN D

COLUMN E

COLUMN F COLUMN G COLUMN H COLUMN I

Initial cost to company (1)

Encumbrances (2)

Land

Buildings
and
improvements

Costs
capitalized
subsequent
to acquisition

Gross amount at which
carried at close of period

Buildings
and
improvements

Land

Total (3)

Accumulated
depreciation
and
amortization

Date of
construction
(4)

Date
acquired

Life on
which
depreciation
in latest
income
statement

New York

Manhattan

1290 Avenue of the Americas

$

950,000

$ 515,539

$

923,653

$

222,019

$ 515,539

$

1,145,672

$

1,661,211

$

302,588

1963

697-703 Fifth Avenue (St. Regis -
retail)

350 Park Avenue
666 Fifth Avenue (Retail Condo)
One Penn Plaza
100 West 33rd Street
1535 Broadway (Marriott Marquis)
150 West 34th Street
1540 Broadway
655 Fifth Avenue
Two Penn Plaza
90 Park Avenue
Manhattan Mall
770 Broadway
888 Seventh Avenue
Eleven Penn Plaza
640 Fifth Avenue
909 Third Avenue
150 East 58th Street
595 Madison Avenue
330 West 34th Street
828-850 Madison Avenue
33-00 Northern Boulevard
715 Lexington Avenue
478-486 Broadway
4 Union Square South
260 Eleventh Avenue
510 Fifth Avenue
606 Broadway
40 Fulton Street
689 Fifth Avenue
443 Broadway
40 East 66th Street

450,000

400,000
390,000
—
398,402
—
205,000
—
140,000
575,000
—
181,598
700,000
375,000
450,000
—
350,000
—
—
—
80,000
59,721
—
—
114,028
—
—
38,458
—
—
—
—

152,825

265,889
189,005
—
242,776
—
119,657
105,914
102,594
53,615
8,000
88,595
52,898
—
40,333
38,224
—
39,303
62,731
—
107,937
46,505
—
30,000
24,079
—
34,602
—
15,732
19,721
11,187
13,616

584,230

363,381
471,072
412,169
247,970
249,285
268,509
214,208
231,903
164,903
175,890
113,473
95,686
117,269
85,259
25,992
120,723
80,216
62,888
8,599
28,261
86,226
26,903
20,063
55,220
80,482
18,728
54,399
26,388
13,446
41,186
34,635

584,442

411,095
471,072
649,154
282,449
399,001
268,509
243,033
231,903
272,386
352,737
185,052
216,761
258,924
190,834
182,597
219,446
124,985
98,202
151,576
28,395
90,915
27,147
54,898
58,191
81,349
39,873
77,562
41,881
38,001
41,186
34,794

737,267

676,984
660,077
649,154
525,225
399,001
388,166
348,947
334,497
325,075
360,737
273,647
269,659
258,924
231,167
220,821
219,446
164,288
160,933
151,576
136,332
137,420
90,147
84,898
82,270
81,349
88,252
77,562
57,613
57,722
52,373
48,410

46,409

118,948
61,050
294,104
79,163
25,326
17,341
54,741
24,837
156,678
117,458
60,036
89,691
116,203
69,613
52,575
92,000
57,827
37,977
21,734
8,952
7,338
8,623
12,393
19,464
5,470
8,128
—
20,130
12,231
4,779
10,521

1960

1972
1911

1900

1968
1964
2009
1907
1980
1923
1950
1969
1969
1968
1925

1915
1923
2009
1965/2004
1911

1987
1925

152,825

265,889
189,005
—
242,776
—
119,657
105,914
102,594
52,689
8,000
88,595
52,898
—
40,333
38,224
—
39,303
62,731
—
107,937
46,505
63,000
30,000
24,079
—
48,379
—
15,732
19,721
11,187
13,616

212

47,714
—
236,985
34,479
149,716
—
28,825
—
106,557
176,847
71,579
121,075
141,655
105,575
156,605
98,723
44,769
35,314
142,977
134
4,689
63,244
34,835
2,971
867
34,922
23,163
15,493
24,555
—
159

169

2007

2014

2006
2012
1998
2007
2012
2015
2006
2013
1997
1997
2007
1998
1998
1997
1997
1999
1998
1999
1998
2005
2015
2001
2007
1993
2015
2010
2016
1998
1998
2013
2005

(5)

(5)

(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
SCHEDULE III
REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION - CONTINUED
(Amounts in thousands)

COLUMN A

COLUMN B

COLUMN C

COLUMN D

COLUMN E

COLUMN F COLUMN G COLUMN H COLUMN I

Initial cost to company (1)

Encumbrances (2)

Land

Buildings
and
improvements

Costs
capitalized
subsequent
to acquisition

Gross amount at which
carried at close of period

Buildings
and
improvements

Land

Total (3)

Accumulated
depreciation
and
amortization

Date of
construction
(4)

Date
acquired

Life on
which
depreciation
in latest
income
statement

New York - continued

Manhattan - continued

155 Spring Street
435 Seventh Avenue
3040 M Street
608 Fifth Avenue
692 Broadway
131-135 West 33rd Street
265 West 34th Street
304 Canal Street
677-679 Madison Avenue
1131 Third Avenue
486 Eighth Avenue
431 Seventh Avenue
138-142 West 32nd Street
334 Canal Street
267 West 34th Street
1540 Broadway Garage
966 Third Avenue
148 Spring Street
150 Spring Street
137 West 33rd Street
488 Eighth Avenue
484 Eighth Avenue
825 Seventh Avenue
339 Greenwich
Other (including signage)

Total Manhattan

Other Properties

Hotel Pennsylvania

Paramus

Total Other Properties

$

— $

96,780
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5,953,987

$

13,700
19,893
7,830
—
6,053
8,315
28,500
3,511
13,070
7,844
20,000
16,700
9,252
1,693
5,099
4,086
8,869
3,200
3,200
6,398
10,650
3,856
1,483
2,622
80,762
2,667,863

—

—

—

29,903

—

29,903

$

30,544
19,091
27,490
—
22,908
21,312
—
12,905
9,640
7,844
71
2,751
9,936
6,507
10,037
8,914
3,631
8,112
5,822
1,550
1,767
762
697
12,333
14,895
5,742,734

121,712

—

121,712

$

4,545
37
3,583
38,829
3,690
24
23
11,115
413
5,708
23
—
—
7,589
2
—
—
406
294
—
(4,671)
485
33
—
114,889
2,313,675

$

13,700
19,893
7,830
—
6,053
8,315
28,500
3,511
13,070
7,844
20,000
16,700
9,252
1,693
5,099
4,086
8,869
3,200
3,200
6,398
6,859
3,856
1,483
2,622
80,762
2,739,923

105,665

25,176

130,841

29,903

1,036

30,939

$

35,089
19,128
31,073
38,829
26,598
21,336
23
24,020
10,053
13,552
94
2,751
9,936
14,096
10,039
8,914
3,631
8,518
6,116
1,550
887
1,247
730
12,333
129,784
7,984,349

227,377

24,140

251,517

$

48,789
39,021
38,903
38,829
32,651
29,651
28,523
27,531
23,123
21,396
20,094
19,451
19,188
15,789
15,138
13,000
12,500
11,718
9,316
7,948
7,746
5,103
2,213
14,955
210,546
10,724,272

257,280

25,176

282,456

9,516
7,418
9,923
8,859
8,422
879
—
160
2,913
1,503
—
739
724
909
3,994
2,589
393
2,054
1,501
107
223
526
380
245
33,136
2,111,441

110,796

15,188

125,984

2002

1932

1920
1910

1928

1920

1990

1932

2007
1997
2006
2012
2005
2016
2015
2014
2006
1997
2016
2007
2015
2011
2013
2006
2013
2008
2008
2015
2007
1997
1997
2017

1919

1967

1997

1987

(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)

(5)

(5)

Total New York

5,953,987

2,697,766

5,864,446

2,444,516

2,770,862

8,235,866

11,006,728

2,237,425

170

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
SCHEDULE III
REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION - CONTINUED
(Amounts in thousands)

COLUMN A

COLUMN B

COLUMN C

COLUMN D

COLUMN E

COLUMN F COLUMN G COLUMN H COLUMN I

Initial cost to company (1)

Encumbrances (2)

Land

Buildings
and
improvements

Costs
capitalized
subsequent
to acquisition

Gross amount at which
carried at close of period

Buildings
and
improvements

Land

Total (3)

Accumulated
depreciation
and
amortization

Date of
construction
(4)

Date
acquired

Life on
which
depreciation
in latest
income
statement

Other

theMART
Illinois

theMART, Chicago
527 West Kinzie, Chicago

Total Illinois

$

$

675,000
—
675,000

64,528
5,166
69,694

$

$

319,146
—
319,146

$

380,720
32
380,752

$

64,535
5,166
69,701

$

699,859
32
699,891

$

764,394
5,198
769,592

283,135
—
283,135

1930

1998
1998

(5)

New York

MMPI Piers

Total theMART

555 California Street

220 Central Park South
Borgata Land, Atlantic City, NJ
40 East 66th Residential
677-679 Madison
Annapolis
Wayne Towne Center
Other
Total Other

Leasehold improvements equipment and

other

—

—

675,000

69,694

—

319,146

15,117

395,869

—

69,701

15,117

715,008

15,117

784,709

569,215

950,000
55,606
—
—
—
—
—
2,249,821

221,903

115,720
83,089
29,199
1,462
—
—
—
521,067

893,324

16,420
—
85,798
1,058
9,652
26,137
—
1,351,535

152,004

1,265,899
—
(93,222)
284
—
52,771
4,419
1,778,024

209,916

—
83,089
8,454
1,626
—
—
—
372,786

1,057,315

1,398,039
—
13,321
1,178
9,652
78,908
4,419
3,277,840

1,267,231

1,398,039
83,089
21,775
2,804
9,652
78,908
4,419
3,650,626

1922,
1969-1970

2,450

285,585

261,218

—

3,662
439
3,709
16,448
1,161
572,222

2008

(5)

2007

2005
2010
2005
2006

2005

(5)

(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)

(5)

—

—

—

98,941

—

98,941

98,941

75,636

Total December 31, 2017

$

8,203,808

$3,218,833

$

7,215,981

$

4,321,481

$3,143,648

$

11,612,647

$

14,756,295

$

2,885,283

Initial cost is cost as of January 30, 1982 (the date on which we commenced real estate operations) unless acquired subsequent to that date see Column H.

________________________________________
(1)
(2) Represents the contractual debt obligations.
(3) The net basis of Vornado's assets and liabilities for tax reporting purposes is approximately $2.0 billion lower than the amounts reported for financial statement purposes.
(4) Date of original construction –– many properties have had substantial renovation or additional construction –– see Column D.
(5) Depreciation of the buildings and improvements are calculated over lives ranging from the life of the lease to forty years.

171

VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P.
SCHEDULE III
REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
(Amounts in thousands)

The following is a reconciliation of real estate assets and accumulated depreciation:

Real Estate

Balance at beginning of period

Additions during the period:

Land

Buildings & improvements

Less: Assets sold, written-off and deconsolidated

Balance at end of period

Accumulated Depreciation

Balance at beginning of period

Additions charged to operating expenses

Less: Accumulated depreciation on assets sold, written-off and deconsolidated

Balance at end of period

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

14,187,820

$

13,545,295

$

12,438,940

21,298

598,820

14,807,938

51,643

30,805

854,194

14,430,294

242,474

281,048

1,030,043

13,750,031

204,736

14,756,295

$

14,187,820

$

13,545,295

2,581,514

$

2,356,728

$

2,209,778

360,391

2,941,905

56,622

346,755

2,703,483

121,969

309,306

2,519,084

162,356

2,885,283

$

2,581,514

$

2,356,728

$

$

$

172

Item 15. 

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES - continued

(b) Exhibits: 

Exhibit No.
2.1

— Master Transaction Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2016, by and among Vornado

Realty Trust, Vornado Realty L.P., JBG Properties, Inc., JBG/Operating Partners, L.P.,

certain affiliates of JBG Properties Inc. and JBG/Operating Partners set forth on

Schedule A thereto, JBG SMITH Properties and JBG SMITH Properties LP. Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Vornado Realty Trust's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended

December 31, 2016 (File No. 001-11954), filed February 13, 2017

3.1

— Articles of Restatement of Vornado Realty Trust, as filed with the State

Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on July 30, 2007 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.75 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

for the quarter ended June 30, 2007 (File No. 001-11954), filed on July 31, 2007

3.2

— Amended and Restated Bylaws of Vornado Realty Trust, as amended on March 2, 2000 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.12 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on

Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 001-11954), filed on

Thursday, March 9, 2000

3.3

— Articles Supplementary, 5.40% Series L Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of

Beneficial Interest, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, no par value – Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 3.6 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A

(File No. 001-11954), filed on January 25, 2013

3.4

— Articles Supplementary Classifying Vornado Realty Trust's 5.25% Series M Cumulative Redeemable Preferred

Shares of Beneficial Interest, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, no par value - Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.7 to Vornado Realty Trust's Registration Statement on
 Form 8-A (File No. 001-11954), filed on December 13, 2017

3.5

— Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Vornado Realty L.P.,

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

dated as of October 20, 1997 (the “Partnership Agreement”) – Incorporated by reference

to Exhibit 3.26 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter

ended March 31, 2003 (File No. 001-11954), filed on May 8, 2003

— Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of December 16, 1997 – Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 3.27 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for

the quarter ended March 31, 2003 (File No. 001-11954), filed on May 8, 2003

— Second Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of April 1, 1998 – Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Registration Statement on Form S-3

(File No. 333-50095), filed on April 14, 1998

— Third Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of November 12, 1998 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on November 30, 1998

— Fourth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of November 30, 1998 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on February 9, 1999

3.10

— Fifth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of March 3, 1999 - Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on March 17, 1999

3.11

— Sixth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of March 17, 1999 - Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K
(File No. 001-11954), filed on July 7, 1999

3.12

— Seventh Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of May 20, 1999 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on July 7, 1999
__________________________________________
Incorporated by reference

*

173

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3.13

— Eighth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of May 27, 1999 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on July 7, 1999

3.14

— Ninth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of September 3, 1999 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on October 25, 1999

3.15

— Tenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of September 3, 1999 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to Vornado Realty Trust's Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on October 25, 1999

3.16

— Eleventh Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of November 24, 1999 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on December 23, 1999

3.17

— Twelfth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of May 1, 2000 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on May 19, 2000

3.18

— Thirteenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of May 25, 2000 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on June 16, 2000

3.19

— Fourteenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2000 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on December 28, 2000

3.20

— Fifteenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2000 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.35 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Registration

Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-68462), filed on August 27, 2001

3.21

— Sixteenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2001 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001 11954), filed on October 12, 2001

3.22

— Seventeenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of September 21, 2001 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8 K (File No. 001-11954), filed on October 12, 2001

3.23

— Eighteenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2002 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K/A (File No. 001-11954), filed on March 18, 2002

3.24

— Nineteenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2002 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.47 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

for the quarter ended June 30, 2002 (File No. 001-11954), filed on August 7, 2002

3.25

— Twentieth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated April 9, 2003 - Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 3.46 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for

the quarter ended March 31, 2003 (File No. 001-11954), filed on May 8, 2003

3.26

— Twenty-First Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2003 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.47 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report

on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003 (File No. 001-11954), filed on

Friday, November 7, 2003

3.27

— Twenty-Second Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2003 –

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.49 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on

Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 001-11954), filed on

Wednesday, March 3, 2004
__________________________________________

*

Incorporated by reference

174

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3.28

— Twenty-Third Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated May 27, 2004 – Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on June 14, 2004

3.29

— Twenty-Fourth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated August 17, 2004 –

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.57 to Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty

L.P.’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-122306), filed on

Wednesday, January 26, 2005

3.30

— Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated November 17, 2004 –

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.58 to Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty

L.P.’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-122306), filed on

Wednesday, January 26, 2005

3.31

— Twenty-Sixth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated December 17, 2004 –

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on December 21, 2004

3.32

— Twenty-Seventh Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated December 20, 2004 –

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on December 21, 2004

3.33

— Twenty-Eighth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated December 30, 2004 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on January 4, 2005

3.34

— Twenty-Ninth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated June 17, 2005 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 000-22685), filed on June 21, 2005

3.35

— Thirtieth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated August 31, 2005 - Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 000-22685), filed on September 1, 2005

3.36

— Thirty-First Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated September 9, 2005 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on September 14, 2005

3.37

— Thirty-Second Amendment and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of

December 19, 2005 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.59 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006

(File No. 000-22685), filed on May 8, 2006

3.38

— Thirty-Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of April 25, 2006 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to

Vornado Realty Trust’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on May 1, 2006

3.39

— Thirty-Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of May 2, 2006 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on

Wednesday, May 3, 2006

3.40

— Thirty-Fifth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of August 17, 2006 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on August 23, 2006

3.41

— Thirty-Sixth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of October 2, 2006 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on January 22, 2007

__________________________________________

*

Incorporated by reference

175

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*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

***

*

3.42

— Thirty-Seventh Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of June 28, 2007 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on

Wednesday, June 27, 2007

3.43

— Thirty-Eighth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of June 28, 2007 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on

Wednesday, June 27, 2007

3.44

— Thirty-Ninth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of June 28, 2007 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on

Wednesday, June 27, 2007

3.45

— Fortieth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of June 28, 2007 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on

Wednesday, June 27, 2007

3.46

— Forty-First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of March 31, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.44 to

Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,

2008 (file No. 001-11954), filed on May 6, 2008

3.47

— Forty-Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership,

dated as of December 17, 2010 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Vornado

Realty L.P.'s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on December 21, 2010

3.48

— Forty-Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership,

dated as of April 20, 2011 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado

Realty L.P.'s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on April 21, 2011

3.49

— Forty-Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership

of Vornado Realty L.P., dated as of March 30, 2012 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1

to Vornado Realty L.P.'s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-34482), filed on
Thursday, April 5, 2012

3.50

— Forty-Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership

dated as of July 18, 2012 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s

Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-34482), filed on July 18, 2012

3.51

— Forty-Fifth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership,

dated as of January 25, 2013 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty

L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-34482), filed on January 25, 2013

3.52

— Forty-Sixth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership

of Vornado Realty L.P., dated April 1, 2015 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1

to Vornado Realty L.P.'s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-34482), filed on

Thursday, April 2, 2015

3.53

4.1

— Forty-Eighth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership

of Vornado Realty L.P dated as of January 12, 2018

— Indenture, dated as of November 25, 2003, between Vornado Realty L.P. and The Bank of

New York, as Trustee - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to Vornado Realty

Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005

(File No. 001-11954), filed on April 28, 2005

__________________________________________

*

***

Incorporated by reference

Filed herewith

176

4.2

— Indenture, dated as of November 20, 2006, among Vornado Realty Trust, as Issuer, Vornado

Realty L.P., as Guarantor and The Bank of New York, as Trustee – Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on November 27, 2006

Certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of Vornado

Realty Trust and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation

S-K. Vornado Realty Trust hereby undertakes to furnish to the Securities and Exchange

Commission

10.1

— Registration Rights Agreement between Vornado, Inc. and Steven Roth, dated December 29,

1992 - Incorporated by reference to Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K

for the year ended December 31, 1992 (File No. 001-11954), filed February 16, 1993

10.2

** — Management Agreement between Interstate Properties and Vornado, Inc. dated July 13, 1992

– Incorporated by reference to Vornado, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year

ended December 31, 1992 (File No. 001-11954), filed February 16, 1993

10.3

** — Employment Agreement, dated as of April 15, 1997, by and among Vornado Realty Trust,

The Mendik Company, L.P. and David R. Greenbaum - Incorporated by reference to

Exhibit 10.4 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on April 30, 1997

10.4

— Tax Reporting and Protection Agreement, dated December 31, 2001, by and among Vornado,

Vornado Realty L.P., Charles E. Smith Commercial Realty L.P. and Charles E. Smith

Commercial Realty L.L.C. - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Vornado Realty

Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A (File No. 1-11954), filed on March 18, 2002

10.5

** — Amendment to Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002, by and between

Alexander’s, Inc. and Vornado Realty L.P. - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit

10(i)(E)(3) to Alexander’s Inc.’s Quarterly Report for the quarter ended June 30, 2002

(File No. 001-06064), filed on August 7, 2002

10.6

** — 59th Street Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002, by and between

Vornado Realty L.P., 731 Residential LLC and 731 Commercial LLC - Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 10(i)(E)(4) to Alexander’s Inc.’s Quarterly Report for the quarter

ended June 30, 2002 (File No. 001-06064), filed on August 7, 2002

10.7

— Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002,

by and between Alexander's, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado

Management Corp. - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(i)(F)(1) to Alexander's

Inc.'s Quarterly Report for the quarter ended June 30, 2002 (File No. 001-06064),

filed on August 7, 2002

10.8

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust's 2002 Omnibus Share Plan - Incorporated by reference to

Exhibit 4.2 to Vornado Realty Trust's Registration Statement on Form S-8

(File No. 333-102216), filed on December 26, 2002.

10.9

** — Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and Joseph

Macnow dated July 27, 2006 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to Vornado

Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006

(File No. 001-11954), filed on August 1, 2006

10.10

** — Second Amendment to Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated January 1, 2007, by and between

Vornado Realty L.P. and Alexander’s Inc. – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.55

to Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended

December 31, 2006 (File No. 001-11954), filed on February 27, 2007

*

**

__________________________________________

Incorporated by reference

Management contract or compensatory agreement

177

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10.11

** — Amendment to 59th Street Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated January 1, 2007, by and

among Vornado Realty L.P., 731 Retail One LLC, 731 Restaurant LLC, 731 Office One

LLC and 731 Office Two LLC. – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.56 to

Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended

December 31, 2006 (File No. 001-11954), filed on February 27, 2007

10.12

** — Employment Agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and Mitchell Schear, as of April 19,

2007 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly

Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 (File No. 001-11954),

filed on May 1, 2007

10.13

** — Amendment to Employment Agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and Joseph Macnow,

dated December 29, 2008.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.48 to Vornado Realty

Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (File No.

001-11954) filed on February 24, 2009

10.14

** — Amendment to Employment Agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and David R.

Greenbaum, dated December 29, 2008.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to

Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,

2008 (File No. 001-11954) filed on February 24, 2009

10.15

** — Amendment to Indemnification Agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and David R.

Greenbaum, dated December 29, 2008.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to

Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,

2008 (File No. 001-11954) filed on February 24, 2009

10.16

** — Amendment to Employment Agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and Mitchell N.

Schear, dated December 29, 2008.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.51 to Vornado

Realty Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (File

No. 001-11954) filed on February 24, 2009

10.17

** — Vornado Realty Trust's 2010 Omnibus Share Plan - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to

Vornado Realty Trust's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010

(File No. 001-11954) filed on August 3, 2010

10.18

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2010 Omnibus Share Plan Incentive / Non-Qualified Stock Option

Agreement.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Vornado Realty Trust's Current

Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954) filed on April 5, 2012

10.19

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2010 Omnibus Share Plan Restricted Stock Agreement.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Vornado Realty Trust's Current Report on Form

8-K (File No. 001-11954) filed on April 5, 2012

10.20

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2010 Omnibus Share Plan Restricted LTIP Unit Agreement.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to Vornado Realty Trust's Current Report on Form

8-K (File No. 001-11954) filed on April 5, 2012

10.21

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2012 Outperformance Plan Award Agreement.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to Vornado Realty Trust's Annual Report on Form

10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 (File No. 001-11954) filed on February 26, 2013

*

**

__________________________________________

Incorporated by reference

Management contract or compensatory agreement

178

10.22

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2013 Outperformance Plan Award Agreement. Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 (File No. 001-11954), filed on May 6, 2013

10.23

** — Employment agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and Stephen W. Theriot dated

June 1, 2013.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.51 to Vornado Realty Trust’s

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013 (File No. 001-11954),

filed on August 5, 2013

10.24

** — Employment agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and Michael J. Franco dated

January 10, 2014. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.52 to Vornado Realty Trust's

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 (File No. 001-11954),

filed on May 5, 2014

10.25

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2014 Outperformance Plan Award Agreement. Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 10.53 to Vornado Realty Trust's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 (File No. 001-11954), filed on May 5, 2014

10.26

— Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of September 30, 2014, by and

among Vornado Realty L.P. as Borrower, Vornado Realty Trust as General Partner, the

Banks listed on the signature pages thereof, and JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. as

Administrative Agent for the Banks. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to

Vornado Realty Trust's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended

September 30, 2014 (File No. 001-11954), filed on November 3, 2014

10.27

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2016 Outperformance Plan Award Agreement. Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on January 21, 2016

10.28

— Term Loan Agreement dated as of October 30, 2015, by and among Vornado Realty L.P. as

Borrower, Vornado Realty Trust as General Partner, the Banks listed on the signature

pages thereof, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Administrative Agent for the Banks.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to Vornado Realty Trust's Annual Report on

Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 (File No. 001-11954), filed on

February 16, 2016

10.29

— Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of November 7, 2016, among

Vornado Realty L.P. as Borrower, Vornado Realty Trust as General Partner, the Banks

listed on the signature pages thereof, and JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. as Administrative

Agent for the Banks. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to Vornado Realty Trust's

Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (File No. 001-11954),

filed on February 13, 2017

10.30

** — Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated March 10, 2017, between Vornado Realty Trust

and Mitchell Schear. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to Vornado Realty

Trust's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017

(File No. 001-11954), filed on May 1, 2017

10.31

** — Consulting Agreement, dated March 10, 2017, between JBG SMITH Properties and Mitchell

Schear. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to Vornado Realty Trust's

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017

(File No. 001-11954), filed on May 1, 2017

__________________________________________

Incorporated by reference

Management contract or compensatory agreement

*

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179

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10.32

** — Form of 2017 Amendment to Vornado Realty Trust 2015, 2016, 2017 Outperformance Plan

Award Agreements. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to Vornado Realty Trust's

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017

(File No. 001-11954), filed on July 31, 2017

10.33

— Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of October 17, 2017, among

Vornado Realty L.P. as Borrower, Vornado Realty Trust as General Partner, the Banks

listed on the signature pages thereof, and JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. as Administrative

Agent for the Banks.

10.34

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2010 Omnibus Share Plan AO LTIP Unit Award Agreement

dated as of January 12, 2018

__________________________________________

Incorporated by reference

Management contract or compensatory agreement

Filed herewith

*

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180

12.1

12.2

21

23.1

23.2

31.1

31.2

31.3

31.4

32.1

32.2

32.3

32.4

— Computation of Ratios for Vornado Realty Trust

— Computation of Ratios for Vornado Realty L.P.

— Subsidiaries of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

— Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for Vornado Realty Trust

— Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for Vornado Realty L.P.

— Rule 13a-14 (a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Vornado Realty Trust

— Rule 13a-14 (a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Vornado Realty Trust

— Rule 13a-14 (a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Vornado Realty L.P.

— Rule 13a-14 (a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Vornado Realty L.P.

— Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Vornado Realty Trust

— Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Vornado Realty Trust

— Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Vornado Realty L.P.

— Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Vornado Realty L.P.

101.INS

— XBRL Instance Document of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

101.SCH

— XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

101.CAL

— XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

101.DEF

— XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

101.LAB

— XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

101.PRE

— XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

__________________________________________

*** Filed herewith

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ITEM 16. 

FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

181

VORNADO CORPORATE INFORMATION 

TRUSTEES 

STEVEN ROTH 
Chairman of the Board 

CANDACE K. BEINECKE, Lead Trustee 
Senior Partner of Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP 

MICHAEL D. FASCITELLI  
Owner of MDF Capital LLC and former President 
and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado 

ROBERT P. KOGOD 
President of Charles E. Smith Management LLC 

MICHAEL LYNNE 
Principal of Unique Features 

DAVID M. MANDELBAUM 
Partner, Interstate Properties 

MANDAKINI PURI* 
Private Equity Consultant 

DANIEL R. TISCH* 
Managing Member, 
TowerView LLC 

RICHARD R. WEST* 
Dean Emeritus, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, 
New York University 

RUSSELL B. WIGHT, JR 
Partner, Interstate Properties 

*Members of the Audit Committee

DIVISION EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENTS 

GLEN J.WEISS 
Executive Vice President 
Office Leasing – New York Division 

BARRY S. LANGER 
Executive Vice President 
Development – New York Division 

EDWARD P. HOGAN 
Executive Vice President 
Retail Leasing – New York Division 

MICHAEL DOHERTY 
President – BMS Division 

ROBERT ENTIN 
Executive Vice President 
Chief Information Officer 

MARK HUDSPETH 
Executive Vice President 
Head of Capital Markets 

CORPORATE OFFICERS 

STEVEN ROTH 
Chairman of the Board 
Chief Executive Officer 

DAVID R. GREENBAUM 
President of the New York Division 

MICHAEL J. FRANCO 
Executive Vice President – 
Chief Investment Officer 

JOSEPH MACNOW 
Executive Vice President – 
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer 

MATTHEW IOCCO  
Executive Vice President 
Chief Accounting Officer 

BRIAN KURTZ 
Executive Vice President 
Financial Administration 

MYRON MAURER
Executive Vice President 
Chief Operating Officer – theMART 

THOMAS SANELLI
Executive Vice President 
Chief Financial Officer – New York Division 

GASTON SILVA
Executive Vice President 
Chief Operating Officer – New York Division 

CRAIG STERN 
Executive Vice President 
Tax & Compliance 

COMPANY DATA 

EXECUTIVE OFFICES 
888 Seventh Avenue 
New York, New York  10019 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED 
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 
Deloitte & Touche LLP 
Parsippany, New Jersey 

COUNSEL 
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP 
New York, New York 

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR 
American Stock Transfer & Trust Co. 
New York, New York 

MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATIONS 
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and 
Chief Financial Officer provided certifications 
to the Securities and Exchange Commission as 
required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley 
Act of 2002 and these certifications are included 
in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K 
for the year ended December 31, 2017.  In 
addition, as required by Section 303A.12(a) of 
the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Listed 
Company Manual, on June 5, 2017 the 
Company’s Chief Executive Officer submitted 
to the NYSE the annual CEO certification 
regarding the Company’s compliance with the 
NYSE’s corporate governance listing standards. 

REPORT ON FORM 10-K 
Shareholders may obtain a copy of the 
Company’s annual report on Form 10-K as filed 
with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
free of charge (except for exhibits), by writing 
to the Secretary, Vornado Realty Trust, 
888 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 
10019; or, visit the Company’s website at 
www.vno.com and refer to the Company’s SEC 
filings. 

ANNUAL MEETING 
The annual meeting of shareholders of Vornado 
Realty Trust, will be held at 11:30 AM on 
Thursday, May 17, 2018 at the Saddle Brook 
Marriott, Interstate 80 and the Garden State 
Parkway, Saddle Brook, New Jersey 07663. 

2 0 1 7   A N N U A L   R E P O R T