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Vornado Realty Trust

vno · NYSE Real Estate
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Ticker vno
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Sector Real Estate
Industry REIT - Office
Employees 1001-5000
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FY2018 Annual Report · Vornado Realty Trust
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2 0 1 8   A N N U A L   R E P O R T

 This Annual Report is printed on recycled paper and is recyclable.

 
 
 
 
 
 
V O R N A D O   C O M P A N Y   P R O F I L E  

Vornado Realty Trust is a fully-integrated real estate operating company. 

We own all or portions of: 

  21.5 million square feet of Manhattan office space in 36 properties; 

  2.8 million square feet of Manhattan street retail space in 71 properties; 

  1,999 units in 11 Manhattan residential properties (927 units at share in three 

residential properties and 36 units in eight properties); 

  The 1,700 room Hotel Pennsylvania located on Seventh Avenue at 33rd Street in the 

heart of the Penn District; 

  A 32.4% interest in Alexander’s, Inc. (NYSE:ALX) which owns seven properties in 
the greater New York metropolitan area including 731 Lexington Avenue, the 
1.3 million square foot Bloomberg L.P. headquarters building; 

  Signage throughout the Penn District and Times Square; 

  BMS, our wholly owned subsidiary, which provides cleaning and security services 

for our buildings and third parties, employing 2,838 associates; 

  The 3.7 million square foot MART in Chicago; 

  A 70% controlling interest in 555 California Street, a three-building office complex 
in San Francisco’s financial district aggregating 1.8 million square feet, formerly 
known as the Bank of America Center; 

  A 25.0% interest in Vornado Capital Partners, our real estate fund. We are the 

general partner and investment manager of the fund. The fund is in wind down; 

  220 Central Park South, a 950-foot super-tall luxury residential condominium tower 

containing 400,000 salable square feet, completing construction in 2019 with 
condominium units scheduled to close through 2020. 

Vornado’s common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and are traded 
under the symbol: VNO. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2 

 
 
 
 
 
F I N A N C I A L   H I G H L I G H T S ( 1 )  

As Reported 

Revenues 

Net income 

Net income per sharebasic 

Net income per sharediluted 

Total assets 

Total equity 

Net operating income 

Funds from operations 

Funds from operations per share 

% increase/(decrease) in funds from operations per share

As Adjusted 

Revenues 

Net income 

Net income per sharebasic 

Net income per sharediluted 

Total assets 

Net operating income 

Funds from operations 

Funds from operations per share 

% increase in funds from operations per share 

$

$

$

  $ 

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

  $ 

$

$

$

  $ 

$

Year Ended December 31, 

2018

2017

2,163,720,000

384,832,000

2.02

2.01 

17,180,794,000

5,107,883,000

1,382,620,000

729,740,000

3.82

1.9% 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

2,084,126,000

162,017,000

0.85

0.85 

17,397,934,000

5,007,701,000

1,401,383,000

717,805,000

3.75

(51.0%) 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018

2017

2,162,357,000

243,894,000

1.27 

1.27

19,955,523,000

1,369,669,000

718,760,000 

3.76

0.8%

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

2,083,039,000

252,864,000

1.32 

1.32

19,836,909,000

1,372,436,000

713,023,000 

3.73

4.2%

1 

In July 2017, we completed the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment to JBG SMITH Properties. The historical financial results of our Washington, DC segment 
are reflected in these financial highlights and in the Chairman’s letter to our shareholders that follows as discontinued operations for all periods presented. 

These financial highlights and the Chairman’s letter to our shareholders also present certain non-GAAP measures, including revenues, net income, total assets, NOI 
and Funds from Operations, all as adjusted as well as Funds from Operations and NOI. We have provided reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the  
applicable  GAAP measures in the appendix section  of this Chairman’s letter and in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K under “Item 7  Management’s 
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” which accompanies this letter or can be viewed at www.vno.com. 

3 

 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
To Our Shareholders 

Funds from Operations, as Adjusted (an apples-to-apples comparison of our continuing business, eliminating certain one-timers, formerly 
called Comparable Funds from Operations) for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $718.8 million, $3.76 per diluted share, compared to 
$713.0 million, $3.73 per diluted share, for the previous year, a 0.8% increase per share. 

Funds  from  Operations,  as  Reported  (apples-to-apples  plus  one-timers)  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2018  was  $729.7 million, 
$3.82 per diluted share, compared to $717.8 million, $3.75 per diluted share, for the previous year. (See page 5 for a reconciliation of Funds 
from Operations, as Reported, to Funds from Operations, as Adjusted.) 

Net  Income  attributable  to  common  shares  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2018  was  $384.8  million,  $2.01  per  diluted  share,  versus 
$162.0 million, $.85 per diluted share, for the previous year. 

Our Business is 89% concentrated in New York, the most important city in the world, and overall is 73% office and 27% high street flagship 
retail. 

Here are our financial results (presented in Net Operating Income format) by business unit: 

($ IN MILLIONS) 

Net Operating Income: 

New York: 
Office 
Retail 
Residential 
Alexander’s 
Hotel Pennsylvania 

Total New York 

theMART 
555 California Street 

Other (see below for details) 

Total Net Operating Income 

2018 
Same Store 
% Increase/ 
(Decrease) 

NOI - Cash 
Basis(2) 

NOI 

7.5% 
(0.2%) 
1.4% 
(3.4%) 
(9.5%) 
4.3% 

4.0% 
(2.2%) 
(3.0%) 
(4.6%) 
(10.2%) 
1.4% 

(6.5%)(3) 
18.1% 

(12.2%)(3)
14.9% 

Net Operating Income 

% of 2018
NOI 

Increase/ 
(Decrease) 
2018/2017 

2018 

2017

2016

56.2% 
26.7% 
1.8% 
3.4% 
0.9%   
89.0% 

6.9% 
4.1% 

100% 

21.8
(6.4)
(0.9)
(2.2)
(1.4)
10.9

(11.4)
7.1

6.6
(25.4)

(18.8)

743.0 
353.5 
23.5 
45.1 
11.9 
1,177.0 

90.9(3) 
54.7 

721.2
359.9
24.4
47.3
13.3
1,166.1

102.3
47.6

662.2
365.0
25.0
47.3
9.0
1,108.5

98.5
45.9

1,322.6 
60.0 

1,382.6 

  1,316.0
85.4

  1,252.9
111.2

  1,401.4

  1,364.1

Other Net Operating Income is comprised of: 

($ IN MILLIONS) 

Pennsylvania REIT 
666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (sold August 3, 2018) 
Urban Edge Properties (sold March 4, 2019) 
85 Tenth Avenue 
Other 
Total 

2018

20.0 
12.1 
11.8 
-- 
16.1 
60.0 

2017

2016

21.1
20.6
14.5
--
29.2
85.4

22.8
25.0
12.5
27.9
23.0
111.2

This letter and this Annual Report contain forward-looking statements as such term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. The Company’s future results, financial condition and business may differ materially from those expressed 
in these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Many of the factors that will determine these items are beyond 
our ability to control or predict. For further discussion of these factors, see “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
year ended December 31, 2018, a copy of which accompanies this letter or can be viewed at www.vno.com. 

2  Straight-lining of rents and amortization of below-market leases, net are excluded from NOI - Cash Basis. 

3 

Includes additional real estate tax expense accrual in 2018 of $15.1 due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of theMART, which is not billable to tenants until 2019. Excluding this timing 
mismatch, same store NOI - Cash Basis would have been positive 8.8% and same store NOI would have been positive 2.6%. Assuming an 80% reimbursement, pro forma 2018 NOI would 
have been $103.0. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
The following chart reconciles Funds from Operations, as Reported, to Funds from Operations, as Adjusted: 

($ IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE)
Funds from Operations, as Reported 
Less adjustments for certain items that impact FFO:

FFO of Washington, DC, spin-off 
Transaction Costs related to spin-off 
After-tax gain on sale of 220 Central Park South units
Gain on Urban Edge issuance of units 
666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium 
Gain on repayment of loan - 666 Fifth Avenue Office
Gain on repayment of Suffolk Downs debt
Real estate sold 
Acquisition related costs 
Write-off of deferred financing and defeasance costs 
Real Estate Fund 
Tax expense on deferred tax asset 
Transfer taxes 
Preferred shares issuance costs 
Impairment loss – Pennsylvania REIT 
Other, primarily noncontrolling interests’ share of above adjustments
Total adjustments 

Funds from Operations as Adjusted 

Funds from Operations as Adjusted per share 

2018 
729.7 

-- 
-- 
67.3 
-- 
3.1 
7.3 
-- 
--
(3.3) 
-- 
(23.7) 
-- 
(23.5) 
(14.5) 
-- 
(1.8) 
10.9 
718.8

3.76

2017
717.8

122.2
(68.7)
--
21.1
13.2
--
11.3
2.0 
(1.7)
(8.6)
(10.8)
(34.8)
--
--
(44.5)
4.1
4.8
713.0

3.73

Funds from Operations, as Adjusted, increased by $5.8 million in 2018, to $3.76 from $3.73 per share, an increase of $0.03 per 
share, or 0.8%. Here is the detail of this increase: 

($ IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE)
Same Store Operations: 
New York Office 
New York Residential 
New York Street Retail 
New York Hotel Penn 
theMART 
555 California Street 

Acquisitions 
Interest expense 
Preferred share dividends 
Other 

Increase in FFO as Adjusted 

Amount

Per Share 

27.3
(0.8)
(9.6)
(1.4)
(12.4)(4)
7.1
1.3
(21.6)
14.8
1.1

5.8 

0.13 
-- 
(0.05) 
(0.01) 
(0.06)(4) 
0.03 
0.01 
(0.10) 
0.07 
0.01 

0.03 

4  After the additional real estate tax expense accrual of $15.1 previously noted in footnote 3. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Report Card 

We manage the business for long-term wealth creation. We cannot directly influence share price, but surely our share price over time is 
a report card on our performance. Since I have run Vornado from 1980, total shareholder returns have been 14.8% per annum. Dividends 
have represented 3.0 percentage points of Vornado’s annual return. 

Here is a chart that shows Vornado’s total return to shareholders compared to our New York-centric peers and two REIT indices for 
various periods ending December 31, 2018 and for 2019 year-to-date:  

2019 YTD (through 4/1/19) 
One-year 
Three-year 
Five-year 
Ten-year 
Fifteen-year 
Twenty-year 

Vornado
10.1%
(17.8)%
(15.6)%
10.6%
101.8%
174.7%
510.9%

NY   
REIT   
Peers(5)
14.7%
(20.7)%
(22.6)%
(5.3)%
--

--

--

Office
REIT
Index
20.7%
(14.5)%
1.8%
28.5%
146.7%
138.6%
351.3% 

MSCI 
Index 
16.5% 
(4.6)% 
8.9% 
45.6% 
215.5% 
226.2% 
531.4% 

Our stock price for the last five years has been disappointing and, in my mind, disconnected from the value of our assets. The graph 
below demonstrates that case. Over the last ten years, NAV(6) has compounded at 10.7% and stock price at 4.2%. In last year’s letter, I 
made the point that public shareholders seem to price CBD office buildings at 70% of private value. That pricing mismatch has been 
chronic and continues. Something is obviously wrong. 

Vornado NAV(6)(7) Per Share vs. Stock Price

$97.90 

$67.62 

UE spin‐off

JBGS spin‐off

 $120.00

 $100.00

 $80.00

 $60.00

 $40.00

 $20.00

 $‐

NAV

Stock Price

5  Comprised of New York City-centric peers, SL Green, Empire State Realty Trust and Paramount Group. 
6  Per Green Street Advisors 
7  NAV has been reduced by $10 for the Urban Edge spin-off and $23 for the JBG SMITH spin-off. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Board Matters 

In law and in practice, our Board of Trustees is our governing body, the ultimate authority. Board meetings are major events around 
here. The preparation of transactional and strategic material is intense. Transparency and communication is essential. We have a highly 
intelligent,  seasoned,  involved,  fully  committed  and  invested  Board.  Our  boardroom  overflows  with  real  estate,  legal  and  financial 
expertise, a large dose of what we call commercial instincts and lots of good old-fashioned judgment. 

Welcome Bill Helman. I am delighted to announce that William W. Helman IV has been appointed to our Board. Bill is a general 
partner at Greylock Partners, a VC firm. Bill is a seasoned investor and a student of strategy. He joined Greylock in 1984 and served as 
its managing partner from 1999 to 2013. Bill has been a member of the Board of Directors of Ford Motor Company since 2011 and 
currently serves on the Board of the Harvard Management Company (the manager of Harvard’s endowment), among others. Bill is a 
graduate of Dartmouth College (he served as board chair from 2014 to 2017) and Harvard Business School. Bill joins our Board with a 
mandate to challenge us and break glass. We can’t wait. 

Thank You Bob Kogod. Robert P. Kogod is retiring from the Board at this year’s annual meeting. Bob joined the Board in 2002, (along 
with his brother-in-law, Robert H. Smith), when we expanded into the Washington, DC region by acquiring their Charles E. Smith 
Commercial Realty Company. Over their careers, Bob and Bob created the region’s largest office company (which we acquired), as 
well as its largest apartment company (which they took public). What’s more, Bob Kogod had a second career as a civic and philanthropic 
leader.  His  name  (and  Bob  Smith’s)  are  on  universities,  museums,  theatres,  religious  institutions,  etc.  all  over  Washington.  Bob’s 
judgment is impeccable; he is deliberate and measured. Bob was fully supportive of creating JBG SMITH, essentially formed out of his 
family business; he shares my pride and my expectations for true greatness to come. We will all miss his probing questions and judgment 
in the boardroom and on the Audit Committee. 

We will sorely miss our dear friend and colleague Michael Lynne who was a strong and wise voice in our boardroom from 2005 until 
his recent passing.  

We intend to add at least one additional independent Trustee this year, at which time we intend to invite David Greenbaum to join the 
Board. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leadership Team 

I have the joy of working every day with the best management team in the business, a group of very smart, very knowledgeable, very 
hardworking men and women. Ours is a well-seasoned team. We have 11 Executive Vice Presidents average tenure 19 years; 26 Senior 
Vice Presidents average tenure 16 years; and 65 Vice Presidents average tenure 13 years. Overall, we are 3,900 strong, of which about 
500 are management and support and 3,400 are in the buildings, principally at BMS. 

Today I am announcing several important, even generational changes in our senior management. 

Michael Franco, age 50, has been appointed President of Vornado. Michael has been with us for eight years, coming 
from  Morgan  Stanley  where  he  was  Managing  Director,  Head  of  MSREF  US.  He  was  most  recently  our  Chief 
Investment  Officer  and  as  such has been  lead  for  acquisitions,  dispositions  and financings.  Michael  has  been  a  full 
partner with me, David and Joe in all important decisions and strategy. Michael is super smart, experienced, measured, 
understands  risk  and  can  see  opportunity.  He  is  a  real  estate  lifer,  who  knows  well  our  industry  and  financial 
counterparties. He is a good manager, well liked, who handles people well. He was our quarterback in the Urban Edge 
and JBG SMITH spin-offs. 

David Greenbaum and I first met when Vornado acquired the Mendik Company in 1997. For the last 22 years, he has 
been my partner(8) and the leader of our New York business. A lot has happened since then and he has had a hand in 
every day and every deal. Over that period, we have grown 15 times in market value, 21 times in NAV and 23 times in 
assets. David is the consummate real estate professional…at the head of the class. What’s  more, David is the  most 
competent and the most upstanding man I know. Four years ago, David gave me a two-year warning that he wanted to 
cut  back…  it’s  now  time.  David  has  chosen  to  kick  himself  upstairs,  continuing  his  leadership  as  Vice  Chairman, 
working from both New York and Arizona. 

Glen Weiss, age 49, and Barry Langer, age 40, will jointly be responsible for the day-to-day running of our real estate business as co-
heads. Glen and Barry are ready, proven leaders, expert in their fields. 

Glen Weiss started with the Mendik Company in 1992 at age 22 as an assistant building manager. In 1998, he switched 
to leasing and by 2013 he advanced to EVP – Head of Leasing. In our business, leasing is the main event. His position 
requires  technical  knowledge,  smarts,  salesmanship,  presentation  skills,  leadership,  working  with  brokers  and 
clients…you  get  the  picture.  In  addition  to  his  leasing  responsibilities,  Glen  weighs  in  on  every  development, 
acquisition  and  disposition  decision.  He  swims  in  a  market  of  400  million  square  feet  and  thousands  of  buildings, 
hundreds of brokers and thousands of clients. Nobody knows all of this better; nobody is more well-respected; he is an 
expert in our markets. He is a can-do guy, a man of well-chosen words. He works on big deals and always brings home 
the bacon. How are our buildings always 97% leased in good markets and bad…that’s Glen. 

Barry Langer joined us in 2003 at age 24. Barry is an architect; he started as a development guy; he is now that, and 
has grown to be a seasoned real estate executive, expert in all phases of our business. He builds big buildings. But more 
than that, he gets involved in almost everything we do. Barry has it all. He knows the three-volume, 30-pound, 3,467-
page New York City zoning code by heart. He knows our government counterparties, the architectural community, the 
construction  industry,  etc.  In  our  business,  if  leasing  is  the  main  event,  bricks  and  mortar  is  the  medium  and  tall 
buildings  are  the  grand  prize…that’s  Barry’s  world.  He  is  a  master  at  scheming  (in  the  British  sense)  ground-up 
developments and designing redevelopments. He has real estate in his blood. He is the single most creative member of 
our team. 

It is a measure of our talent pool that these leaders have been promoted from within. The Board and I could not be more proud. 

In our industry Joe Macnow is dean of CFOs. Our plan is that he will leave when I leave, giving my successor the right 
to appoint his successor.  

____________________________________________ 
8 Together, of course, with Mike Fascitelli during his tenure. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9 

 
 
 
 
Growth 

As is our custom, we present the chart below that traces our ten-year record of growth, both in absolute dollars and per share amounts: 

($ AND SHARES IN MILLIONS, 
EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) 

NOI

Amount

2018 
2017 
2016 
2015 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2011 
2010 
2009 

1,369.7
1,372.4
1,327.4
1,273.6
1,132.2
1,068.4
929.9
920.1
896.1
859.2

As Adjusted

Amount
718.8
713.0
681.0
650.3
535.1
495.6
382.8
371.9
350.7
236.0

FFO
% Change
0.8%
4.7%
4.7%
21.5%
8.0%
29.5%
2.9%
6.0%
48.6%
(32.6%)

% Change
(0.2%)
3.4%
4.2%
12.5%
6.0%
14.9%
1.1%
2.7%
4.3%
(1.3%)

Per Share 

3.76 
3.73 
3.58 
3.43 
2.84 
2.64 
2.05 
1.94 
1.85 
1.36 

Shares 
Outstanding
202.3
201.6
200.5
199.9
198.5
197.8
197.3
196.5
195.7
194.1

FFO increased this year by 0.8% (0.8% on a per share basis), 7.7% per year over five years (7.3% on a per share basis) and 7.5% per 
year over ten years (5.8% on a per share basis). 

Acquisitions/Dispositions 

Here is a ten-year schedule of acquisitions and dispositions. 

Acquisitions(9)

Dispositions(9) 

($ IN MILLIONS) 
2018 
2017 
2016 
2015 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2011 
2010 
2009 

Number of 
Transactions 
5 
4 
6 
13 
6 
6 
10 
12 
15 
-- 
77 

Asset 
Cost
573.5
145.7
147.4
955.8
648.1
813.3
1,365.2
1,499.1
542.4
--
6,690.5

Number of
Transactions
4
5
5
12
11
20
23
7
5
16
108

Proceeds  
237.5  
6,047.6  
1,022.5  
4,672.9  
1,060.4  
1,429.8  
1,222.3  
389.2  
137.8  
262.8  
16,482.8  

Net
Gain
170.4
5.1
664.4
316.7
523.4
434.1
454.0
137.8
56.8
43.0
2,805.7

Our external growth has never been programmed, formulaic or linear, i.e. we do not budget acquisition activity. Each year, we mine our 
deal flow for opportunities and, as such, our acquisition volume is lumpy. Our acquisition activity since 2016 has ebbed in response to a 
rising market. We have pushed away from acquisitions that are off-the-fairway, non-strategic or over-priced. By nature, we are growers. 
But for the moment, we are in a box; our stock price makes it difficult for us to do meaningful external acquisitions. Think about it, with 
our stock selling at a 30% discount to NAV, if we were to buy a building for, say $1 billion, it would likely then be valued in our stock at 
$700 million…sort of like the discount you would suffer when you drive a new car off the lot. 

Something  else  to  think  about  –  timing  is  crucial  in  investing  (just  look  at  the  performance  of  the  various  vintages  of  private  equity 
investments). Looking back, our best investments and largest returns were made by loading it in at the right time and the right time has 
always been when the economy is just coming out of recession. For sure those opportunities are coming and we must be prepared. By the 
way, I am often asked where I think we are in this cycle and my answer is after ten years of recovery, we are in the eighth inning, but this 
time we may be in a 12 or even a 15 inning game. I suspect that the recent decline in interest rates will prolong this cycle. 

Principal acquisitions in 2018 were $442 million for the pre-committed 46% that we did not already own of the retail and signage at 1535 
Broadway and $42 million for an additional 45% interest in the Farley Office and Retail project, bringing our interest in this property to 
95%. 

From 2012 through 2018, our disposition activity (including our two spin-offs) has increased nearly four-fold as we have implemented our 
strategic simplification. With reference to the table above, 2017 includes $5.997 billion for the JBG SMITH spin-off and 2015 includes 
$3.700 billion for the Urban Edge Properties spin-off. No gain was recognized on the spin-offs. What remains for the ten years presented 
are gains of $2.8 billion on dispositions of $6.8 billion, a very healthy 41% margin. In 2018, we sold our interest in 666 Fifth Avenue 
Office for proceeds of $120 million, with a GAAP gain of $134 million. 

The action here takes place on the 45th floor where our acquisitions/dispositions teams reside. Thanks to EVP - CIO Michael Franco and 
EVP Mark Hudspeth and to SVPs Cliff Broser, Mario Ramirez, Adam Green and the rest of the team. A special shout out to Michael 
Schnitt. 

9  Excludes marketable securities. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spring Cleaning 

In March, we sold 18.5 million common shares of Lexington Realty Trust (NYSE: LXP) realizing net proceeds of $167.7 million. This 
sale resulted in a financial statement gain of $16.1 million which will be recognized in the first quarter of 2019. 

We also sold 5.7 million common shares of Urban Edge Properties (NYSE:UE) realizing net proceeds of $108.5 million. This sale resulted 
in a financial statement gain of $62.4 million which will also be recognized in the first quarter of 2019. In accordance with requirements 
of the tax-free spin-off, these shares had to be sold by the end of 2019. The sale in no way reflects on our thinking about the prospects of 
UE. 

We  used  the  proceeds  from  the  sales,  together  with  existing  cash,  to  retire  all  of  the  $400  million  principal  amount  of  5.00%  senior 
unsecured notes, which were scheduled to mature on January 15, 2022. 

These sales, together with previous activity, put us close to halfway to cashing out the non-core, for-sale list 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital Markets 

At year-end, we had $3.3 billion of liquidity comprised of $0.9 billion of cash, restricted cash and marketable securities and $2.4 billion 
available on our $2.5 billion revolving credit facilities. Today, we have $2.7 billion of liquidity. 

Since January 1, 2018, we have executed the following capital markets transactions: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In March 2019, we increased to $1.5 billion (from $1.25 billion) and extended to March 2024 (as fully extended) one of our 
two unsecured revolving credit facilities. The interest rate on the extended facility was lowered to LIBOR plus 0.90%. 

In March 2019, we called for redemption all of the $400 million principal amount of our 5.00% senior unsecured notes which 
were scheduled to  mature on January 15, 2022, at a  redemption price of 105.51% plus accrued interest.  We  will incur  a 
charge of approximately $23 million in the first quarter of 2019 relating to the make-whole. 

In February 2019, we repaid the $259.6 million construction loan on the Farley Office and Retail building. The LIBOR plus 
3.25% loan was scheduled to mature in June 2021. 

In February 2019, we completed a $580  million refinancing of 100 West 33rd Street, a 1.1  million square foot property 
comprised of 859,000 square feet of office space and the 256,000 square foot Manhattan Mall. The interest-only loan carries 
a rate of LIBOR plus 1.55% (4.03% as of March 31, 2019) and matures in April 2024, with two one-year extension options. 
The loan replaces the previous loan of the same amount that bore interest at LIBOR plus 1.65% and was scheduled to mature 
in July 2020. 

In February 2019, we completed a $95.7 million refinancing of 435 Seventh Avenue, a 43,000 square foot Manhattan retail 
property. The interest-only loan carries a rate of LIBOR plus 1.30% (3.78% as of March 31, 2019) and matures in 2024. The 
recourse loan replaces the previous $95.7 million of indebtedness that bore interest at LIBOR plus 2.25% and was scheduled 
to mature in August of 2019. 

In January 2019, the joint venture, in which we have a 45.1% ownership interest, completed a $167.5 million refinancing of 
61  Ninth  Avenue,  a  170,000  square  foot  newly  constructed  office  and  retail  property  in  the  Meatpacking  district  of 
Manhattan, which is fully leased to Aetna and Starbucks. The seven-year interest-only loan carries a rate of LIBOR plus 
1.35% (3.85% as of March 31, 2019) and matures in January 2026. Vornado realized net proceeds of approximately $31 
million.  The  loan  replaces  the  previous  $90  million  construction  loan  that  bore  interest  at  LIBOR  plus  3.05%  and  was 
scheduled to mature in 2021. 

In December, Alexander’s, Inc. in which we have a 32.4% ownership interest, completed a $252.5 million refinancing of its 
609,000 square foot Rego Park II shopping center located in Queens, New York. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 
1.35%, (3.85% as of March 31, 2019) and matures in December 2025. The proceeds of the new loan were used to repay the 
existing loan of the same amount, which bore interest at LIBOR plus 1.85% and was scheduled to mature in January 2019. 
Alexander’s  continues  to  hold  a  $195.7  million  participation  in  the  $252.2  million  loan  at  LIBOR  plus  1.35%.  The 
participation in the previous loan earned interest at LIBOR plus 1.60%. 

In  November,  we  completed  a  $205  million  refinancing  of  150  West  34th  Street,  a  78,000  square  foot  Manhattan  retail 
property. The interest-only loan carries a rate of LIBOR plus 1.88% (4.36% as of March 31, 2019) and matures in 2024, as 
extended. Concurrently, we invested $105 million in a participation in the refinanced mortgage loan, which earns interest at 
a  rate  of  LIBOR  plus  2.00%  (4.48%  as  of  March  31,  2019)  and  also  matures  in  2024,  as  extended.  The  property  was 
previously encumbered by a mortgage of the same amount at LIBOR plus 2.25%, which was scheduled to mature in 2020. 

In October, we extended our $750 million unsecured term loan from October 2020 to February 2024. The interest rate on the 
extended unsecured term loan was lowered from LIBOR plus 1.15% to LIBOR plus 1.00% (3.50% as of March 31, 2019). 
In connection with the extension of our unsecured term loan, we entered into an interest rate swap from LIBOR plus 1.00% 
to a fixed rate of 3.87% through October 2023. 

In  August,  we  completed  a  $120  million  refinancing  of  4  Union  Square  South,  a  206,000  square  foot  Manhattan  retail 
property. The interest-only loan carries a rate of LIBOR plus 1.40% (3.89% as of March 31, 2019) and matures in 2025, as 
extended. The property was previously encumbered by a $113 million mortgage at LIBOR plus 2.15%, which was scheduled 
to mature in 2019. 

In June, the joint venture (50.1% owned) that owns Independence Plaza, a three-building 1,327 unit residential complex in 
the Tribeca submarket of Manhattan completed a $675 million refinancing. The seven-year interest-only loan matures in July 
2025 and has a fixed rate of 4.25%. Our share of net proceeds, after repayment of the existing 3.48% $550 million mortgage, 
was $55.6 million. 

In April, the joint venture between our Fund (25% owned) and our Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel Joint Venture (57.1% 
owned) completed a $255 million refinancing. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 3.53% (6.06% as of March 31, 2019) 
and matures in May 2020 with three one-year extension options. The asset was previously encumbered by a $310 million 
interest-only mortgage at LIBOR plus 2.80%, which was scheduled to mature in December 2018. 

In January, we completed a $100 million refinancing of 33-00 Northern Boulevard (Center Building), a 471,000 square foot 
office building in Long Island City, New York. The seven-year loan is at LIBOR plus 1.80% (4.30% as of March 31, 2019), 
which was swapped to a fixed rate of 4.14%. We realized net proceeds of approximately $37.2 million after repayment of 
the existing 4.43% $59.8 million mortgage. 

In January, we redeemed all of the outstanding 6.625% Series G and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred shares at their 
redemption price of $25.00 per share or $470 million in the aggregate, plus accrued and unpaid dividends through the date 
of redemption.

12 

 
 
 
 
 
Below is the right hand side of our balance sheet at December 31, 2018. 

($ IN MILLIONS)  

Secured debt 
Unsecured debt 
Pro rata share of non-consolidated debt 
Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated debt
Total debt 
220 Central Park South debt(10) 
Projected cash proceeds from 220 Central Park South in excess of debt
Cash, restricted cash, marketable securities and loan participation

Net debt 

EBITDA as adjusted(11) 

Net debt/EBITDA as adjusted 

8,216
1,680
2,683
(618)
11,961
(1,487)
(1,044)
(974)
8,456

1,263

6.7x

Fixed rate debt accounted for 65% of debt with a weighted average interest rate of 3.7% and a weighted average term of 4.0 years; 
floating rate debt accounted for 35% of debt with a weighted average interest rate of 4.2% and a weighted average term of 3.6 years. 

91% of our debt is recourse solely to individual assets. The fair value of the assets pledged is $17.6 billion, resulting in an LTV ratio of 
53.9%. We have approximately $10 billion of unencumbered assets. 

While we enjoy access to both the unsecured and secured debt markets, it is well-known that our preference is for the latter. Unsecured 
debt bears the personal guarantee of the entire entity whereas secured debt has recourse only to a single property. Since pricing is about 
the same, I think the advantage is obvious. 

Vornado remains committed to maintaining our investment grade rating. 

Our capital markets team was responsible for approximately $3.4 billion of transactions in this year. Thank you to EVP Mark Hudspeth 
and SVPs Richard Reczka and Jan LaChapelle. 

10  We appropriately deduct 220 Central Park South debt since it is for-sale property and the debt related thereto will self liquidate from the proceeds of 

executed sales contracts. 
11  Excluding the Real Estate Fund. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lease...Lease…Lease 

The mission of our business is to create value for shareholders by growing our asset base through the addition of carefully selected 
properties and by adding value through intensive and efficient management. Our operating platform is where the rubber meets the road. 
In our business, leasing is the main event. In New York, theMART and 555 California Street, in 2018 we leased 2.6 million square feet.  

As is our practice, we present below leasing and occupancy statistics for our businesses. 

(SQUARE FEET IN THOUSANDS) 

New York

Office 

Street 
Retail 

2018 

Square feet leased 
Initial Rent 
GAAP Mark-to-Market 
Number of transactions 

1,827
79.03
33.7%(12)
113

255
171.25

(22.7)%(13)

34

2017 

Square feet leased 
Initial Rent 
GAAP Mark-to-Market 
Number of transactions 

2016 

Square feet leased 
Initial Rent 
GAAP Mark-to-Market 
Number of transactions 

Occupancy rate: 
2018  
2017 
2016 
2015 
2014 
2013 
2012 
2011 
2010 
2009 

1,867
78.72

12.8%
139

2,241
78.97 
19.7%
148

97.2%
97.1%
96.3%
96.3%
96.9%
96.6%
95.8%
96.2%
96.1%
95.5%

126
318.67

26.5%
17

111
285.17

23.4%
27

97.3%
96.9%
97.1%
96.2%
96.5%
97.4%
96.8%
95.6%
96.4%
(14)

theMART

California St. 

555 

243
53.47

20.9%
75

345
47.60

26.0%
71

270
48.16 
25.5%
64

94.7%
98.6%
98.9%
98.6%
94.7%
96.4%
95.2%
90.3%
93.7%
94.0%

249 
89.28 
34.3 % 
8 

285 
88.42  

24.2 % 
10 

151 
77.25  

23.6 % 
9 

99.4 % 
94.2 % 
92.4 % 
93.3 % 
97.6 % 
94.5 % 
93.1 % 
93.1 % 
93.0 % 
94.8 % 

We are full and achieving record high rents. Year in and year out, our occupancy rate is in the high 90s. 2018 was a historic year in 
Manhattan. A total of 42.2 million square feet of leases were signed, the most active year in two decades and we certainly got our fair 
share. 

Thanks to our leasing captains: Glen Weiss and Ed Hogan. Also thanks to the New York leasing machine: Josh Glick, Jared Solomon, 
Andy Ackerman, Jared Silverman, Edward Riguardi, Ryan Levy, Lucy Phillips, Jason Morrison and to Paul Heinen who runs leasing at 
theMART and 555 California Street. 

12  Primarily attributable to the renewal and expansion of tenants at 770 Broadway and One Park Avenue. 
13  Primarily attributable to an ASC 805 accounting adjustment on an expiring lease. Cash mark-to-market was negative 1.0%. 
14 

Included in New York Office. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 

 
 
 
 
Penn District (The Promised Land) 

We are the largest owner in the Penn District with over 9 million square feet. Penn District’s time has come, the district being validated by 
the neighboring Hudson Yards and Manhattan West. Our assets sit literally on top of Penn Station, the region’s major transportation hub, 
adjacent to Macy’s and Madison Square Garden. Here’s where we stand: 

  Our transformation here is beginning with PENN1 and PENN2, where we are creating a two-building, 4.4 million square foot campus 
right on top of Penn Station. It will include a three-block grand plaza along 7th Avenue covered by a giant new bustle across the entire 
430-foot frontage of PENN2. This bustle will extend out 70 feet from the building and will be 45 feet above the street. It will be striking, 
creating a huge covered plaza in front of our PENN2 and the main entrance to Penn Station. It will bring the neighborhood into the 
modern age. Overall, the bustle and penthouse conversion will create 140,000 square feet of very valuable new, high ceilinged, best-in-
class creative space. Images of this design are shown below and posted on our website at www.vno.com. Essential to our strategy here 
is that our 4.4 million square foot campus will allow us to provide our tenants with an unparalleled amenity package, even a giant leap 
forward from what we have done at theMART. But, there’s more – the scale of this campus will allow us to provide our tenants with 
flexibility for expansion. A 300,000 square foot tenant in a 500,000 square foot building is stuck. The same 300,000 square foot tenant 
in a 4.4 million square foot complex is a totally different story. 

  Plans are nearing completion and construction will begin later this year to redevelop/transform PENN1. Images of this design are posted 

on our website at www.vno.com. 

  We are papering an agreement to participate with the MTA in a program to improve the Penn Station Long Island Rail Road concourse 
(the most congested corridor in the station). This will involve literally doubling its width and doubling its height and a land swap that 
will result in our owning the retail on both sides of the concourse. It will also involve a new entrance to Penn Station from the 33rd Street 
roadbed directly down to the LIRR concourse. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  In October, we increased our ownership in the Moynihan Train Hall/Farley project from 50% to 95%. We are in full blown construction 
here and will deliver in 2020 the best located and most exciting 730,000 square feet of creative office space in town and 120,000 square 
feet of first class retail. Farley is the link between our Penn District and Hudson Yards. It is a double-wide block with 150,000 square 
foot floor plates and high ceilings. It is a horizontal campus in an iconic landmark building much like the horizontal campuses favored 
by our creative tenants on the West Coast. It is a truly unique asset. 

  Our financial plan here is to redeploy the proceeds from 220 Central Park South sales into the capital required for Farley, PENN1 and 
PENN2. Give or take, we expect to finance all this capital internally, probably with no or very little new debt. This will be very accretive 
since earnings from these assets will flow through without a capital charge. 

  Hotel Penn is in a pause. As we transform PENN1 and PENN2, this site will stand out as the best available in Manhattan. 

  Over time, our grand plan includes developing three to five new builds in the Penn District. Imagine the NEW New York along the 34th 

Street corridor from VornadoLand (Macy’s, Penn Station, MSG) to Moynihan to Manhattan West and to Hudson Yards. 

Our basis in Penn District is about $200 per square foot versus… you pick the current value number. 

All this will take time but will be enormously rewarding to the patient investor. 

Talent is our New Client   We are in a service business. We put our best foot forward when we take a page out of the hospitality industry. 
Our tenants appreciate and deserve to be treated like guests. Coffee and welcoming greetings go a long way. In keeping with that spirit, our 
Penn District marketing campaign features the slogan, “Talent is our New Client,” the point being that everything we do, in every phase of 
our business,  must be geared to pleasing, even “delighting,” our clients, defined as the talented employees of our tenants. After all, we 
recognize that real estate is a recruiting tool for our tenants. 

Further, we are pushing the envelope of design. There is a place for Park Avenue-style financial services buildings and a place for West Side 
creative-type buildings. The aesthetics of our Penn District will target the creative class and will feature lobbies with areas to sit, congregate, 
surf or just hang and chill, a warm palette, welcome libraries, conference centers, an auditorium and food service and more. In a word, we 
will create a hospitality-rich communal workplace for our Penn District tenants. The images below are a tiny sampling – additional images 
are posted at www.vno.com. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail 

We own the best-in-class 71-property, 2.8 million square foot flagship street retail business in Manhattan, concentrated on the best high 
streets – Fifth Avenue, Times Square, Penn District, Madison Avenue, Union Square and SoHo. Here is the math: 

($ IN MILLIONS, 
EXCEPT PROPERTIES) 
2018 
2017 
2016 
2015 
2014 
2013 

Number of 
Properties 
71
71
70
65
57
54

Here is our 2018 math by submarket: 

($ IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT %) 
Fifth Avenue 
Times Square 
Penn District 
Madison Avenue 
Union Square 
SoHo 
Other 

Total 

 NOI
353.4
359.9
363.7
341.7
263.4
231.6

Amount
129.4
61.6
70.3
18.8
12.1
17.9
43.3
353.4

NOI - Cash Basis(15) 
324.2 
324.3 
292.0 
259.2 
226.6 
200.0 

NOI

%
36.6
17.4
19.9
5.3
3.4
5.1
12.3
100.0

 NOI - Cash Basis(15)
Amount 
117.8 
58.7 
56.0 
18.7 
13.2 
15.6 
44.2 
324.2 

%
36.3
18.1
17.3
5.8
4.1
4.8
13.6
100.0

2018 cash NOI for our street retail business was $324.2 million, well ahead of the $304 million minimum we guided to in the beginning 
of 2018, which was increased to $315 million in the third quarter. We expect 2019 cash NOI will be flat to 2018 but are confident it will 
not be less than $315 million. 

Individually and collectively as a portfolio, these are the best quality retail assets there are. Please see www.vno.com for portfolio details 
and images. 

15   

Straight-lining of rents and amortization of below-market leases, net are excluded from NOI - Cash Basis. 

18 

 
 
 
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
JBG SMITH Properties…“Our” Washington business  

Our  JBG  SMITH  business  had  quite  a  year.  In  July  2017,  we  created  JBG  SMITH  Properties  by  tax-free  spin-off  of  Vornado’s 
Washington segment and simultaneous merger with the JBG Companies, a dominant Washington-based real estate developer and fund 
manager. It was their best-in-class management team that we were after. At inception, our shareholders owned approximately 75% of 
the  going-forward  entity.  I  take  license  with  the  word  “our”  since,  after  the  spin,  Vornado  and  JBG  SMITH  are  totally  separate, 
independent companies, but I, our senior management team and our Board, still retain every share that we received in the spin (and hope 
you have too) and so continue to have the same proportional ownership. We have tremendous pride in this business, and its future 
prospects and its CEO Matt Kelly and his terrific team. 

In November, it was announced that JBG SMITH won half of the Amazon second headquarters competition (HQ2). The deal involves 
leasing about 600,000 square feet of existing office space in Crystal City, but the backbone is the sale of land to Amazon for 4.1 million 
square  feet  of  new-builds.  This  land  was  contributed  to  the  merger  by  Vornado.  The  land  was  sourced  in  2005/2007  in  add-on 
acquisitions by Mitchell Schear, who ran our Washington business before the spin. 

JBG SMITH is a high-growth company launched with 18 million square feet of development rights contributed about equally by both 
sides,  50%  of  which  is  in  the  Crystal  City  neighborhood.  Amazon,  and  its  25,000  employees,  coming  to  Crystal  City  will  change 
everything. Crystal City will become a teeming metropolis of apartments, shops and offices. 

Urban Edge Properties 

A shout out for Jeff Olson and his Urban Edge team. UE strengthened its balance sheet with two equity sales aggregating $350 million, 
at $25 per share and strengthened its management team by recruiting Don Briggs (President - Development) and Chris Weilminster 
(EVP & Chief Operating Officer), two proven shopping center executives who joined after long careers at Federal Realty. UE has a 
strong hand with a great New York-centric infill portfolio inherited from Vornado, not to mention $500 million of important add-on 
acquisitions Jeff made in the last two years. As disclosed in our March 4, 2019 press release, Vornado sold 5.7 million shares of Urban 
Edge. This sale was required by the tax-free spin-off with a deadline of end of 2019. The sale in no way reflects on our thinking about 
the prospects of UE. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Some Thoughts, 2018 Version 

New York City Is Our Home…The Number One City In The World 

  McKinsey & Company labels New York City as a “superstar city… pulling away from peers in terms of per capita GDP and 

 

seeing strong population growth.” 
New York City has a huge, healthy, diversified employment base. In 1990, 1 in 2 New York City jobs were in the financial 
services industry – today the ratio is 1 in 4. New York City ranks first as the world’s premier tech center, overtaking San 
Francisco. New York City has a growing footprint of healthcare systems and an emerging life sciences industry. New York 
City continues to be the financial center of the world…and the financial sector is resurging. 

  More growth has  been produced by New York City than any other city in the U.S. or  across the globe (New York City 

contributed 8.3% of U.S. GDP growth and 2.6% of Global GDP growth between 2010 to 2017). 

  While headlines talk about a migration out of New York City, there has actually been a migration into New York City for 

college-educated individuals from 2014 to 2017. 
New York City has created more jobs than any other U.S. city for the sectors that have driven job growth in the country. 
New York City is the leading city for attracting U.S. and global talent. New York City ranks first in U.S. college graduate 
desirability and first in attracting skilled foreign professionals (31% are in New York City vs. the next highest of 9% in 
Dallas). 
New York City has the largest ultra-high-net-worth population (individuals with a net worth of $30 million plus) in the U.S. 
(8,865 in 2017) and is growing at 7%. 
New York City continues to experience record-low crime rates (14% decline in violent crime from 2013 to 2017 and a 63% 
decline since 1995). 
New York City beats San Francisco in amount of academic research spending ($4.1 billion in New York City vs. $2.3 billion 
in San Francisco), start-up density (154 start-ups per 1,000 companies in New York City vs. 150 in San Francisco) and VC 
funding growth (70% growth in VC funding in New York City from 2015 to 2017 vs. 12% decline in San Francisco). 
New York City is the bullseye for global investors…and for domestic investors…and for its giant corporate citizens. 

 
 

 

 

 

 

Only in America - How many times have you said that, marveling at the freedoms and opportunities in this wonderful land? As a nation, 
we live under our unique democratic, capitalist system. As a nation, we have always taken the long view and the compassionate view. 
We are a nation of builders, innovators, inventors. We can do and we always overcome. I am grateful to be an American. 

But, I must say, it’s not always easy. Attracting Amazon HQ2 to New York was a great deal and well done. They undoubtedly were 
attracted by our workforce, infrastructure, and all that New York has to offer. Losing them was one of the stupidest damn things I’ve 
ever seen and heartbreaking. And the originally proposed version of an annual pied-à-terre tax was almost as bad. Those who fan the 
fire of class warfare and those who tear down should be put on double secret probation. Our system thrives when we grow and build. It 
may sound corny but tax, tax, tax must be replaced with grow, grow, grow. Governments seem to need ever-increasing tax revenues and 
that can only be accomplished by a growing tax base, not by a growing tax rate. 

Repeal the New York State Estate Tax (essentially reprinted from last year’s letter) - I am frequently asked to predict the effect of the 
elimination  of  deductibility  of  state  and  local  taxes  (SALT)  on  New  York  real  estate.  As  long  as  the  employers  stay,  so  will  the 
employees, especially in mid-career, high-paying positions. There is one vulnerability I would like to point out. In New York State, the 
top 2% pay a full 50% of personal income taxes so it is critical that they remain tax-paying residents. The vulnerability comes with the 
1%-ers, who are at the end of their careers. Most of the folks I know are willing to pay higher income taxes for the privilege of living in 
New York, but hate the prospect of a 16% toll for the privilege of dying in New York. New York State’s estate tax brings in only about 
1/150th of the state’s annual budget. The estate tax should be repealed. Keeping our highest taxpayers through the end of their lives is 
both good economic policy and good politics. By the way, high-tax California has no estate tax, New Jersey repealed its estate tax last 
year. 

Out of Service - I’m getting comments from analysts, and even a few investors, that our Penn District income will temporarily suffer 
as we vacate portions of a building and take portions out of service. All true, but I don’t get that our stock price should be penalized by 
a temporary dip in income as part of the process of turning $60 space into $90 space. And I don’t get the conventional wisdom that 
development is best not done in a public company. 

Signage Business - We own the largest signage business in Manhattan, concentrated in Times Square and the Penn District comprised 
of 22 large scale “HD spectacular LED signs” (that’s industry jargon). In 2018, the business produced $69 million of NOI, about half 
from signs under long term lease to  our retail tenants  and half leased in  the advertising  marketplace.  This business is very capably 
managed by Gary Grossman and Justin Rinko. 

Over Boarding - I serve on four boards: Vornado, its affiliate Alexander’s which is managed by Vornado, and the two spin-offs that 
were born by Vornado. A few negative comments have been made that I am over-boarded. These boards are all in the family and so I 
think not. 

Good Neighbors - Hudson Yards is now open. Tenants are moving into the office buildings and shopping traffic is heavy in the mall. 
Congratulations to our friends and partners at Related Companies. We are thrilled at their success. Remember…we flourish when our 
neighbors flourish. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
220 Central Park South continues its record setting success. So far, we closed on 23 units for $665 million. Closings will continue 
throughout 2020, as we climb up the building. 

Art on theMART - On September 29th, in cooperation with the City of Chicago, we launched Art on theMART, the largest permanent 
digital  art  installation  in  the  world  reflecting  images  designed by  a  rotating  cadre  of  artists  onto  the  riverfront  facade  of  theMART 
building,  essentially  a  100,000  square  foot  canvas.  The  launch  event  was  attended  by 32,000  Chicagoans.  Our  objective  here  is  to 
enhance the public realm with this wonderful art installation which, in turn, will increase the local, national, and even global renown of 
the building and increase its franchise value. 

Toys - The cancelling of our stock in Toys “R” Us is now complete and will result in approximately a $420 million capital loss deduction 
for tax purposes in 2019 (which if not offset by capital gain will result in a capital loss carry-over available for five years). 

Coworking - The trend toward densification, open-plan, casual creative-type space and flexibility predate the current coworking wave. 
We have been dealing with these phenomena for over a decade. We get it and every architectural and space planning firm gets it. No 
big deal. Coworking sells space by the desk vs. by the square foot; interesting, but in the end more expensive to the tenant. Are they 
friend or foe? So far, we deem them to be friend because they are absorbing space. It would be another story if they start adding space 
by way of new-builds. And coworking has several vulnerabilities. Their business is housed in leased space which has an expiration date. 
And it’s hard to justify multi-billion dollar valuations for a business that leases space desk by desk. I must say, I admire their asset-lite 
business model. And I am envious of their no TI model (when a new tenant comes in, they just dust off the desk). In the end, coworking 
is here to stay. 

The Principles By Which We Run Our Business that have been in recent years’ letters are reprinted as Appendix A.

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) 

We observe that sustainability is broadening to encompass Environmental, Social, and Governance (“ESG”) issues. We consider ESG 
to be responsible management of our business, and mitigation of various forms of risk.  

Vornado continues to lead the industry in sustainability. We know it is important to our tenants and investors, as well as our communities 
and  our  employees.  From  energy  conservation,  to  healthy  indoor  environments,  to  sustainable  new  construction,  we  continuously 
improve our environmental programs each year. 

We recognize climate change as an issue to our business. We assess opportunities to fortify our properties against climate change-related 
risks,  while  actively  managing  and  reducing our  carbon  footprint.  We  have  signed  on  in  support  of  the  framework  set  forth  by  the 
Taskforce  on  Climate-related  Financial  Disclosures,  and  we  are  evaluating  the  risks  and  opportunities  that  various  climate  change 
scenarios present to all of our buildings.  

A portfolio of our size carries a significant responsibility to  manage  energy, and we  work  hard to  monitor,  control, and reduce our 
consumption. Our energy efficiency capital projects continue to save energy and modernize our existing buildings. We are an active 
participant in demand response and contribute significantly to reducing electricity grid constraints in each of our markets. 

We set a goal to reduce landlord-controlled carbon emissions 40% by 2026, below a 2009 base year. To stand by this commitment, we 
have enrolled our New York portfolio in the NYC Carbon Challenge for Commercial Landlords and Tenants. We are happy to report 
that as of December 31, 2018 we are more than halfway toward this goal, and have a strategic plan in place to achieve our goal ahead 
of schedule. We also know that we must partner with our tenants to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, and encourage them to 
reduce their own consumption 30% by 2026. We lead a robust tenant engagement program that in 2018 included the continuation of our 
tenant roundtable series, which was attended by participants from over 5 million square feet of our tenant base.  

We own and operate more than 26 million square feet of LEED-certified buildings, with over 22 million square feet at LEED Gold. We 
are committed to LEED certifying our entire portfolio by 2020, and we are already more than 90% toward that goal. 

Our tenants and our employees spend the majority of their week working in our buildings, and we uphold our responsibility to provide 
a healthy indoor environment for them. In fact, office buildings of our size often represent communities unto themselves. We are focused 
on delivering healthy air and healthy water, and our cleaning company leads the industry in least-toxic cleaning policies. In 2018, we 
achieved Fitwel 2-star certification at theMART. We now own and manage the largest Fitwel certified building, and provide a healthy 
and active environment for the millions of tenants and visitors to theMART every year.  

We have also incorporated sustainable design into our new buildings. Our pipeline of new office buildings will be among the greenest 
in the industry. Our vision for the Penn District expands our focus from the asset to the neighborhood, and we plan to apply our principles 
in energy innovation, resource conservation, and health and wellness to help transform the Penn District at large. 

Our programs continue to deliver results: in 2018, we recycled and composted over 24,000 tons of waste, amounting to a diversion rate 
of 61%. We were awarded Nareit’s Leader in the Light Award (9th year in a row), we achieved ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year 
with Sustained Excellence (3rd time with this distinction), and we earned the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (GRESB) 
Green Star ranking (6th year in a row). In 2018, we scored among the top 6% of over 800 worldwide respondents to GRESB. 

Our employees are the foundation of our human capital, and we have well-developed programs that provide training and continuing 
education, promote career and personal development, and encourage innovation and engagement. In addition to policies in support of 
shareholder rights, worker rights, diversity and equal opportunity, Vornado upholds strict policies against bribery and corruption, child 
labor, or forced or compulsory labor. Such policies extend to our Board and management as well as all our employees.  

We understand that our social commitments must also benefit the communities that surround us. As a corporate citizen, we uphold our 
commitment to give back by encouraging all of our employees to volunteer. Through Vornado Volunteers, our employees give back to 
communities through participation in causes that support vulnerable parts of the population, protect and improve the environment, and 
promote a healthy lifestyle. 

Sound principles of governance are critical to earning and retaining the trust of our investors and sustaining our commitment to acting 
with  integrity.  We  are  proud  to  have  an  esteemed  and  experienced  Board  of  Trustees.  Our  trustees  are  significant  investors  in  our 
Company and are committed to building shareholder value. 

Vornado’s  governance  continues  to evolve.  We  engage  with  our  shareholders  on  a  regular  basis  regarding  governance  policies  and 
disclosure.  In  the  past  two  years,  Vornado  adopted  proxy  access  with  a  3/3/20/20  market  standard  and  instituted  the  ability  for 
shareholders to amend our Bylaws. We continue to enhance our disclosure on executive compensation and sustainability in our Proxy 
Statement. In addition, the Board recently adopted a renewed anti-harassment policy. As part of our Board refreshment program, this 
year  we  are  adding  one  new  Trustee  to  our  Board.  Robert  P.  Kogod,  a  member  of  our  Board  since  2002,  will  not  be  standing  for 
reelection. For a complete summary, please refer to our Proxy Statement which can be viewed at www.vno.com-proxy and governance 
section on our website at www.vno.com-governance.   

We have renamed this year’s Sustainability Report (our tenth) as an ESG Report. Our report is in accordance with the Global Reporting 
Initiative (GRI), and is also aligned with the metrics codified by the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB). We invite you 
to read through our report at www.vno.com. 

Thanks to Dan Egan, SVP, who so capably runs this important function for us. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We continually broaden our leadership team through promotions from within our Company. Please join me in congratulating this year’s 
class; they deserve it. 

Mark Ambrosone was promoted to Senior Vice President, Design; 

Dan Egan was promoted to Senior Vice President, Sustainability; 

Dana Arrigo was promoted to Senior Vice President, Corporate Accounting; 

Eileen Costello was promoted to Vice President, Marketing; 

Carlos Lopez was promoted to Vice President, Director Field Operations; 

Kelly Butler was promoted to Vice President, Corporate Office Operations; 

Brenda Fernandez was promoted to Vice President, Payroll; and 

Steve Vallone was promoted to Vice President, Applications and Security. 

Welcome to Samantha Benvenuto, VP, Employee Relations. 

Our operating platform heads are the best in the business. I pay my respects to my partners David Greenbaum, Michael Franco and 
Joe Macnow. 

We are fortunate to have in our Operating and Finance Divisions a group of super leaders, our exceptional Division Executive Vice 
Presidents.  They deserve special recognition and our thanks:  Glen Weiss, Leasing – New York Office; Barry Langer, Development – 
New York; Ed Hogan, Leasing – New York Retail; Michael Doherty – BMS; Robert Entin, Chief Information Officer; Fred Grapstein, 
Hotel  Pennsylvania;  Mark Hudspeth,  Capital  Markets;  Matthew  Iocco,  Chief  Accounting  Officer;  Myron  Maurer,  Chief  Operating 
Officer – theMART; Tom Sanelli, Chief Financial Officer – New York; Gaston Silva, Chief Operating Officer – New York; and Craig 
Stern, Tax & Compliance. 

Our Vornado Family has grown with 8 marriages and 14 births this year, 6 girls and 8 boys. 

Congratulations and thank you to Brian Kurtz, who retired as an Executive Vice President after 53 years of service with Vornado. 

On behalf of Vornado’s Board, senior management and 3,928 associates, we thank our shareholders, analysts and other stakeholders for 
their continued support. 

Again this year, I offer to assist shareholders with tickets to my wife’s production Accidentally Brave. And to my son’s productions of 
The Book of Mormon, Frozen, Hadestown, Mean Girls and Moulin Rouge!. Please call if I can be of help. 
Congratulations to Rebecca… Yale ’22. And little Levi keeps growing. 

Steven Roth 

Chairman and CEO 

April 2, 2019 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24 

 
 
 
 
 
Appendix A - Here Are The Principles By Which We Run Our Business: 

We are a fully-integrated real estate operating company. We have the best leasing, operating and development teams in the 
business. We are laser focused. 

We invest in the best buildings in the best locations. 

We seek to acquire value-add assets where our unique skills will create shareholder value. We believe vacancy at the right 
price is an opportunity and that buildings, even in rundown condition (that we can reimagine) in great locations are also  
an opportunity. 

We invest in our buildings to maintain, modernize and transform. The front of the house and the back of the house of our 
assets are as good as new (and are in locations where new could not be created). Our transformations have increased rents 
over $20 per square foot, yielding attractive double-digit returns. We also measure our success here by the quality of tenants 
we have been able to attract. We have transformed almost all of our fleet; Penn District is on deck. 

We are disciplined and patient and prepared to let flat 4% cap rate deals pass by, while we wait for the fat pitch. 

While we have many million plus square foot buildings, we shy away from 500,000 square foot tenants who seem to always 
get the better of the deal, in strong markets or in weak. Our sweet spot is the 50,000 to 200,000 square foot tenant. 

A few years ago, I coined the phrase, “The island of Manhattan is tilting to the West and to the South.” Today, the hottest 
submarkets  in  town  run  from  Hudson  Yards  to  Penn  District  and  extend  South  through  Chelsea  and  Meatpacking. 
Anticipating these trends, we have structured our office portfolio so that half of our square footage is in this district. 

We have a hospitality approach, treating our tenants as the valued customers that they are. This attitude begins at the leasing 
table (although that process can at times be contentious), through tenant fit up, to greeting at the front door. We believe this 
approach yields the highest renewal rate in the business; renewing tenants enhance our bottom line. 

We treat the real estate brokerage community as if they are our customers, because they are. Brokers prefer dealing with us, 
we know what it takes to make a deal, we treat their clients well and we deliver every time. 

We are in the amenity business. Our amenity poster child is the giant MART in Chicago, where we have dominant, state of 
the art, dining, workout, socializing and meeting spaces, etc. 

Tenant mix is really important; companies and their employees care who they co-tenant with. The design and location of 
each of our buildings has a target market in mind. For example our new-builds in Chelsea are targeting the creative class and 
boutique financials (an interesting combination). 

We maintain a fortress balance sheet with industry-leading liquidity. 

All of this in the relentless pursuit of shareholder value. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2009
128.5
(67.2)
--
117.3
(5.6)
--
26.6
(280.7)
(44.9)
298.9
166.7
44.1
101.6
396.3
881.6
(22.4)
859.2

2009
106.2
(57.1)
49.1
508.6
(45.3)
23.2
--
--

140.6
(1.4)
(22.9)
--
--
(47.0)
--
0.2
605.1
3.49

2017
17,397.9

(29.3)
(37.1)
(354.8)
(25.0)
--
2,885.2
19,836.9

Below is a reconciliation of Net Income to NOI, as adjusted: 

($ IN MILLIONS) 
Net Income 
Our share of (income) loss from partially owned entities 
Our share of loss (income) from real estate fund  
Interest and other investment (income) loss, net 
Net gains on disposition of assets 
Purchase price fair value adjustment 
Net losses on early extinguishment of debt 
(Income) loss from discontinued operations 
NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests  
Depreciation, amortization expense and income taxes 
General and administrative expense 
Acquisition and transaction related costs 
Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 
Interest and debt expense 
NOI 
Certain items that impact NOI 
NOI, as adjusted 

Below is a reconciliation of Net Income to FFO: 

($ IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS) 
Net Income attributable to Vornado 
Preferred share dividends and issuance costs 
Net Income applicable to common shares 
Depreciation and amortization of real property 
Net gains on sale of real estate 
Real estate impairment losses 
Decrease in fair value of marketable securities 
After tax purchase price fair value adjustment  
Partially-owned entities adjustments: 
Depreciation of real property 
Net gains on sale of real estate 
Income tax effect of adjustments 
Real estate impairment losses 
Decrease in fair value of marketable securities 

Noncontrolling interests’ share adjustments 
Interest on exchangeable senior debentures 
Preferred share dividends 
Funds From Operations 
Funds From Operations per share 

2018 
422.6
(9.1)
89.2
(17.1)
(246.0)
(44.1)
--
(0.6)
(71.2)
484.2
141.9
31.3
253.6
347.9
1,382.6
(12.9)
1,369.7

2018 

449.9
(65.1)
384.8
413.1
(158.1)
12.0
26.5
(27.3)

101.6
(4.0)
--
--
3.9
(22.8)
--
--
729.7
3.82

2017
264.1
(15.2)
(3.2)
(37.8)
(0.5)
--
--
13.2
(65.3)
470.4
159.0
1.8
269.2
345.6
1,401.3
(28.9)
1,372.4

2017
227.4
(65.4)
162.0
468.0
(3.5)
--
--
--

137.0
(17.8)
--
7.7
--
(36.7)
--
1.1
717.8
3.75

2016
982.0
(168.9)
23.6
(29.6)
(160.4)
--
--
(404.9)
(66.2)
428.2
149.6
9.4
271.1
330.2
1,364.1
(36.7)
1,327.4

2016
906.9
(83.3)
823.6
531.6
(177.0)
160.7
--
--

154.8
(2.9)
--
6.3
--
(41.1)
--
1.6
1,457.6
7.66

2015
859.4
9.9
(74.1)
(27.2)
(149.4)
--
--
(223.5)
(64.9)
294.8
149.3
12.5
245.8
309.3
1,341.9
(68.3)
1,273.6

2015
760.4
(80.6)
679.8
514.1
(289.1)
0.3
--
--

144.0
(4.5)
--
16.8
--
(22.4)
--
--
1,039.0
5.48

2014
1,009.0
58.5
(163.0)
(38.6)
(13.6)
--
--
(686.9)
(55.0)
360.7
141.9
18.4
207.7
337.4
1,176.5
(44.3)
1,132.2

2014
864.9
(81.5)
783.4
517.5
(507.2)
26.5
--
--

117.8
(11.6)
(7.3)
--
--
(8.0)
--
--
911.1
4.83

2013
564.7
336.3
(102.9) 
20.8
(2.0) 
--
--

(666.8) 
(58.6) 
342.5
150.3
24.9
175.1
323.5
1,107.8

(39.4) 

1,068.4

2013
476.0
(84.0) 
392.0
501.8
(411.6) 
37.1
--
--

157.3

(0.5) 
(26.7) 
6.6
--
(15.1) 
--
0.1
641.0
3.41

2012 
694.5 
(428.9) 
(63.9) 
252.7 
(4.9) 
-- 
-- 
(378.1) 
(45.3) 
304.5 
140.5 
17.4 
152.1 
315.7 
956.3 
(26.4) 
929.9 

2012 
617.3 
(67.9) 
549.4 
504.4 
(245.8) 
130.0 
-- 
-- 

154.7 
(241.6) 
(27.5) 
11.6 
-- 
(16.6) 
-- 
-- 
818.6 
4.39 

2011
740.0
(125.5)
(22.9)
(156.6)
(10.9)
--
--
(394.4)
(47.9)
309.2
137.5
34.9
132.2
338.0
933.6
(13.5)
920.1

2011
662.3
(60.5)
601.8
530.1
(51.6)
28.8
--
--

170.9
(9.8)
(24.6)
--
--
(41.0)
26.1
0.3
1,231.0
    6.42

2010
708.0
(85.6)
--

(234.6)
(26.7)
--
10.8
(351.6)
(47.8)
301.3
145.7
38.6
100.8
348.9
907.8
(11.7)
896.1

2010
647.9
(51.2)
596.7
505.8
(57.2)
97.5
--
--

148.3
(5.8)
(24.6)
11.5
--
(46.8)
25.9
0.2
1,251.5
6.59

Below is a reconciliation of Net Income to Net Income, as Adjusted: 

Below is a reconciliation of Total Assets to Total Assets, as Adjusted:

($ IN MILLIONS) 
Net Income applicable to common shares 
Washington, DC 
666 Fifth Avenue 
Real Estate Fund 
220 CPS Gains 
Certain other items that impact net income 
Net income, as Adjusted 

Below is a reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA, as Adjusted  

($ IN MILLIONS) 
Net income (before noncontrolling interests) 
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests 
   in consolidated subsidiaries 
Net income attributable to the Operating Partnership 
Interest and debt expense 
Depreciation and amortization 
Gains on sale and impairment losses on real estate 
Income tax expense and other 
EBITDAre 
Gain on sale of 220 Central Park South units 
Purchase price fair value adjustment 
Decrease in fair value of marketable securities 
Real Estate Fund 
Transfer taxes 
Gain on repayment of loan investment in 666 Fifth 
   Avenue Office and operations 
Other 

EBITDA, as adjusted 

2018 
384.8 
-- 
(134.0) 
23.7 
(67.3) 
36.7 
243.9 

2018 
422.6 

53.0 
475.6 
448.3 
520.7 
(150.1) 
36.8 
1,331.3 
(81.2) 
(44.1) 
30.3 
23.7 
23.5 

(23.1) 
2.2 

1,262.6 

2017

162.0
20.9
--
10.8
--
59.2
252.9

($ IN MILLIONS)
Total Assets
Adjustments:

Assets related to sold properties
666 Fifth Avenue Office
Real Estate Fund
Verde
Cash available to repay revolving credit facilities 
Accumulated depreciation

Total Assets, as Adjusted 

2018
17,180.8

(6.7)
--
(318.8)
--
(80.0)
3,180.2
19,955.5

Below is a reconciliation of Revenues to Revenues, as Adjusted:

($ IN MILLIONS)
Revenues
Revenues related to sold properties
Revenues, as Adjusted

2018
2,163.7
(1.3)
2,162.4

2017
2,084.1
(1.1)
2,083.0

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549 

FORM 10-K 

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES 
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the Fiscal Year Ended: 

December 31, 2018 

OR 

  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES 

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the transition period from 

to 

Commission File Number: 
Commission File Number: 

001-11954 (Vornado Realty Trust) 
001-34482 (Vornado Realty L.P.) 

Vornado Realty Trust 
Vornado Realty L.P. 
(Exact name of registrants as specified in its charter) 

Vornado Realty Trust 

Maryland 
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 

22-1657560 
  (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 

Vornado Realty L.P. 

Delaware 

13-3925979 

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 

  (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 

888 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York, 10019 

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) 

(212) 894-7000 
(Registrants’ telephone number, including area code) 

N/A 
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Registrant 

Vornado Realty Trust 

Vornado Realty Trust 
Vornado Realty Trust 
Vornado Realty Trust 

Title of Each Class 

Common Shares of beneficial interest, 
$.04 par value per share 
Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares 
of beneficial interest, no par value: 
5.70% Series K 
5.40% Series L 
5.25% Series M 

  Name of Exchange on Which Registered 
New York Stock Exchange 

New York Stock Exchange 
New York Stock Exchange 
New York Stock Exchange 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: 

Registrant 

Vornado Realty L.P. 

Title of Each Class 

Class A Units of Limited Partnership Interest 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. 

Vornado Realty Trust: YES        NO     Vornado Realty L.P.: YES        NO   

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. 

Vornado Realty Trust: YES        NO     Vornado Realty L.P.: YES        NO   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), 
and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. 

Vornado Realty Trust: YES        NO     Vornado Realty L.P.: YES        NO   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant 
to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant 
was required to submit and post such files). 

Vornado Realty Trust: YES        NO     Vornado Realty L.P.: YES        NO   

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (229.405 of this chapter) is not 
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements 
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting 
company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” "non-accelerated filer," 
“smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Vornado Realty Trust: 

 Large Accelerated Filer 
 Non-Accelerated Filer 

Vornado Realty L.P.: 

 Large Accelerated Filer 
 Non-Accelerated Filer 

 Accelerated Filer 
 Smaller Reporting Company 
 Emerging Growth Company 

 Accelerated Filer 
 Smaller Reporting Company 
 Emerging Growth Company 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying 
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). 

Vornado Realty Trust: YES        NO     Vornado Realty L.P.: YES        NO   

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common shares held by non-affiliates of Vornado Realty Trust, i.e. by persons 
other than officers and trustees of Vornado Realty Trust, was $12,877,203,000 at June 30, 2018. 

As of December 31, 2018, there were 190,535,499 common shares of beneficial interest outstanding of Vornado Realty Trust. 

There is no public market for the Class A units of limited partnership interest of Vornado Realty L.P. Based on the June 30, 2018 closing 
share price of Vornado Realty Trust’s common shares, which are issuable upon redemption of the Class A units, the aggregate market 
value of the Class A units held by non-affiliates of Vornado Realty L.P., i.e. by persons other than Vornado Realty Trust and its officers 
and trustees, was $707,001,000 at June 30, 2018. 

Part III: Portions of Proxy Statement for Annual Meeting of Vornado Realty Trust’s Shareholders to be held on May 16, 2019. 

Documents Incorporated by Reference 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXPLANATORY NOTE 

This report combines the Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 of Vornado Realty Trust and 
Vornado Realty L.P. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Vornado” refer to Vornado Realty Trust, a 
Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and references to the “Operating Partnership” refer to Vornado Realty L.P., a Delaware 
limited partnership. References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean, collectively, Vornado, the Operating Partnership and those 
entities/subsidiaries consolidated by Vornado. 

The Operating Partnership is the entity through which we conduct substantially all of our business and own, either directly or through 
subsidiaries,  substantially  all  of  our  assets.  Vornado  is  the  sole  general  partner  and  also  a  93.4%  limited  partner  of  the  Operating 
Partnership. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, Vornado has exclusive control of the Operating Partnership’s day-to-
day management. 

Under the limited partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership, unitholders may present their Class A units for redemption at 
any time (subject to restrictions agreed upon at the time of issuance of the units that may restrict such right for a period of time). Class A 
units may be tendered for redemption to the Operating Partnership for cash; Vornado, at its option, may assume that obligation and pay the 
holder either cash or Vornado common shares on a one-for-one basis. Because the number of Vornado common shares outstanding at all 
times equals the number of Class A units owned by Vornado, the redemption value of each Class A unit is equivalent to the market value of 
one Vornado common share, and the quarterly distribution to a Class A unitholder is equal to the quarterly dividend paid to a Vornado 
common shareholder. This one-for-one exchange ratio is subject to specified adjustments to prevent dilution. Vornado generally expects that 
it  will  elect  to  issue  its  common  shares  in  connection  with  each  such  presentation  for  redemption  rather  than  having  the  Operating 
Partnership pay cash. With each such exchange or redemption, Vornado’s percentage ownership in the Operating Partnership will increase. 
In addition, whenever Vornado issues common shares other than to acquire Class A units of the Operating Partnership, Vornado must 
contribute any net proceeds it receives to the Operating Partnership and the Operating Partnership must issue to Vornado an equivalent 
number of Class A units of the Operating Partnership. This structure is commonly referred to as an umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT. 

The Company believes that combining the Annual Reports on Form 10-K of Vornado and the Operating Partnership into this single 

report provides the following benefits: 

•  

•  

•  

enhances investors’ understanding of Vornado and the Operating Partnership by enabling investors to view the business as a 
whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business; 

eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined and readable presentation because a substantial portion 
of the disclosure applies to both Vornado and the Operating Partnership; and 

creates time and cost efficiencies in the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports. 

The Company believes it is important to understand the few differences between Vornado and the Operating Partnership in the context 
of how Vornado and the Operating Partnership operate as a consolidated company. The financial results of the Operating Partnership are 
consolidated into the financial statements of Vornado. Vornado does not have any other significant assets, liabilities or operations, other 
than its investment in the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership, not Vornado, generally executes all significant business 
relationships other than transactions involving the securities of Vornado. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all of the assets of 
Vornado. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded 
equity. Except for the net proceeds from equity offerings by Vornado, which are contributed to the capital of the Operating Partnership in 
exchange for Class A units of partnership in the Operating Partnership, and the net proceeds of debt offerings by Vornado, the net proceeds 
of which are contributed to the Operating Partnership in exchange for debt securities of the Operating Partnership, as applicable, the 
Operating Partnership generates all remaining capital required by the Company’s business. These capital sources may include working 
capital, net cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under the revolving credit facility, the issuance of secured and unsecured debt 
and equity securities and proceeds received from the disposition of certain properties. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
To help investors better understand the  key differences between Vornado and the Operating Partnership, certain information for 

Vornado and the Operating Partnership in this report has been separated, as set forth below: 

•  

•  

•  

•  

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities; 

Item 6. Selected Financial Data; 

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations includes information 
specific to each entity, where applicable; and 

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data which includes the following specific disclosures for Vornado Realty 
Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.: 

•  
•  
•  
•  
•  

Note 12. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests/Redeemable Partnership Units 
Note 13. Shareholders' Equity/Partners' Capital 
Note 16. Stock-based Compensation 
Note 19. Income Per Share/Income Per Class A Unit 
Note 24. Summary of Quarterly Results (Unaudited) 

This report also includes separate Part II, Item 9A. Controls and Procedures sections and separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for 
each of Vornado and the Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that Vornado and 
the Operating Partnership are compliant with Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. §1350. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEX 

Item 

  Financial Information: 

  Page Number 

PART I. 

1. 

  Business 

1A. 

  Risk Factors 

1B. 

  Unresolved Staff Comments 

PART II. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

  Properties 

  Legal Proceedings 

  Mine Safety Disclosures 

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 

  Selected Financial Data 

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations 

7A. 

  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 

8. 

9. 

  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial 
Disclosure 

9A. 

  Controls and Procedures 

9B. 

  Other Information 

PART III. 

10. 

  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance(1) 

11. 

  Executive Compensation(1) 

12. 

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related 
Stockholder Matters(1) 

13. 

  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence(1) 

14. 

  Principal Accounting Fees and Services(1) 

PART IV. 

15. 

  Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 

16. 

  Form 10-K Summary 

7 

12 

25 

26 

32 

32 

33 

35 

38 

93 

94 

159 

159 

163 

163 

164 

164 

164 

164 

165 

179 

Signatures 
____________________ 
(1)   These items are omitted in whole or in part because Vornado, the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner, will file a definitive 
Proxy Statement pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
no later than 120 days after December 31, 2018, portions of which are incorporated by reference herein. 

180 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
 
 
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

Certain statements contained herein constitute forward-looking statements as such term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act 
of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees 
of future performance. They represent our intentions, plans, expectations and beliefs and are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and 
uncertainties. Our future results, financial condition and business may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking 
statements. You can find many of these statements by looking for words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” 
“estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “may” or other similar expressions in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We also note the 
following forward-looking statements: in the case of our development and redevelopment projects, the estimated completion date, estimated 
project cost and cost to complete; and estimates of future capital expenditures, dividends to common and preferred shareholders and 
operating partnership distributions. Many of the factors that will determine the outcome of these and our other forward-looking statements 
are beyond our ability to control or predict. For further discussion of factors that could materially affect the outcome of our forward-looking 
statements, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

For these statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities 
Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, which speak only as of 
the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or the date of any document incorporated by reference. All subsequent written and oral 
forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary 
statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to our forward-
looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
PART I 

ITEM 1.  

BUSINESS 

Vornado is a fully-integrated REIT and conducts its business through, and substantially all of its interests in properties are held by, the 
Operating Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership. Accordingly, Vornado’s cash flow and ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is 
dependent upon the cash flow of the Operating Partnership and the ability of its direct and indirect subsidiaries to first satisfy their 
obligations to creditors. Vornado is the sole general partner of, and owned approximately 93.4% of the common limited partnership interest 
in the Operating Partnership as of December 31, 2018. 

We currently own all or portions of: 

New York: 

•   19.9 million square feet of Manhattan office in 36 properties; 
•   2.6 million square feet of Manhattan street retail in 71 properties; 

•   1,999 units in eleven residential properties; 
•   The 1,700 room Hotel Pennsylvania located on Seventh Avenue at 33rd Street in the heart of the Penn District; and  
•   A 32.4% interest in Alexander’s, Inc. (“Alexander’s”) (NYSE: ALX), which  owns seven properties in the greater New York 
metropolitan area, including 731 Lexington Avenue, the 1.3 million square foot Bloomberg, L.P. headquarters building. 

Other Real Estate and Related Investments: 

•   The 3.7 million square foot theMART in Chicago; 
•   A  70%  controlling  interest  in  555  California  Street,  a  three-building  office  complex  in  San  Francisco’s  financial  district 

aggregating 1.8 million square feet, known as the Bank of America Center; 

•   A 25.0% interest in Vornado Capital Partners, our real estate fund (the "Fund"). We are the general partner and investment 

manager of the Fund; and 

•   Other real estate and other investments. 

OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY 

Our business objective is to maximize Vornado shareholder value. We intend to achieve this objective by continuing to pursue our 

investment philosophy and to execute our operating strategies through: 

•   maintaining a superior team of operating and investment professionals and an entrepreneurial spirit; 
•  

investing in properties in select markets, such as New York City, where we believe there is a high likelihood of capital 
appreciation; 
acquiring quality properties at a discount to replacement cost and where there is a significant potential for higher rents; 
investing in retail properties in select under-stored locations such as the New York City metropolitan area; 

•  
•  
•   developing and redeveloping our existing properties to increase returns and maximize value; and 
•  

investing in operating companies that have a significant real estate component. 

We expect to finance our growth, acquisitions and investments using internally generated funds, proceeds from asset sales and by 
accessing the public and private capital markets. We may also offer Vornado common or preferred shares or Operating Partnership units in 
exchange for property and may repurchase or otherwise reacquire these securities in the future. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ACQUISITIONS 

We completed the following acquisitions during 2018: 

•   $442 million acquisition of the retail condominium at 1535 Broadway; 
•   $44 million acquisition of 537 West 26th Street and 55,000 square feet of additional zoning air rights; and 
•   $42 million purchase price to increase our ownership interest in the joint venture that is developing the Farley Office and Retail 

Building to 95.0% from 50.1%. 

DISPOSITIONS 

We completed the following sale transactions during 2018: 

•   $120 million sale of our 49.5% interests in the 666 Fifth Office Condominium. Concurrently with the sale of our interests, the 
existing mortgage loan on the property was repaid and we received net proceeds of $55.2 million for the participation we held in 
the mortgage loan; 

•   $82 million sale of the retail condominium at 11 East 68th Street by the Fund (25% interest); and 
•   $45 million sale of 27 Washington Square North. 

220 CENTRAL PARK SOUTH 

We completed the following sale transactions during 2018: 

•   $215 million net proceeds from the sale of 11 condominium units. 

FINANCINGS 

We completed the following financing transactions during 2018: 

•   $750 million unsecured term loan extended to February 2024, lowering the interest rate from LIBOR plus 1.15% to LIBOR 

plus     
    1.00%; 

•   $675 million refinancing of Independence Plaza ($338 million at our 50.1% interest); 
•   $470 million redemption of all of the outstanding 6.625% Series G and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred 

shares/units; 

•   $255 million refinancing of the Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel ($84 million at our 32.9% interest); 
•   $205 million refinancing of 150 West 34th Street and $105 million investment in a participation in the refinanced loan; 
•   $120 million refinancing of 4 Union Square South; and 
•   $100 million refinancing of 33-00 Northern Boulevard (Center Building). 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DEVELOPMENT AND REDEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES 

We are constructing a residential condominium tower containing 397,000 salable square feet at 220 Central Park South ("220 CPS"). 
The development cost of this project (exclusive of land cost of $515.4 million) is estimated to be approximately $1.4 billion, of which $1.2 
billion has been expended as of December 31, 2018. 

We are developing a 173,000 square foot Class A office building, located along the western edge of the High Line at 512 West 22nd 
Street in the West Chelsea submarket of Manhattan (55.0% interest). The development cost of this project is estimated to be approximately 
$130,000,000, of which our share is $72,000,000. As of December 31, 2018, $95,464,000 has been expended, of which our share is 
$52,505,000. 

We are developing a 34,000 square foot office and retail building at 606 Broadway, located on the northeast corner of Broadway and 
Houston Street in Manhattan (50.0% interest). The development cost of this project is estimated to be approximately $60,000,000, of which 
our share is $30,000,000. As of December 31, 2018, $51,202,000 has been expended, of which our share is $25,601,000. 

We are redeveloping a 78,000 square foot Class A office building at 345 Montgomery Street, a part of our 555 California Street 
complex in San Francisco (70.0% interest) located at the corner of California and Pine Street. The development cost of this project is 
estimated to be approximately $46,000,000, of which our share is $32,000,000. As of December 31, 2018, $21,834,000 has been expended, 
of which our share is $15,284,000. 

We are redeveloping a 165,000 square foot office building at 825 Seventh Avenue, located at the corner of 53rd Street and Seventh 
Avenue (50.0% interest). The redevelopment cost of this project is estimated to be approximately $30,000,000, of which our share is 
$15,000,000. As of December 31, 2018, $8,967,000 has been expended, of which our share is $4,484,000. 

We are redeveloping PENN1, a 2,545,000 square foot office building located on 34th Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenue. The 
development cost of this project is estimated to be over $200,000,000, of which $9,725,000 has been expended as of December 31, 2018. 

We are in the planning phase to redevelop PENN2, a 1,634,000 square foot office building located on the west side of 7th Avenue 

between 31st and 33rd Street. 

We are also evaluating other development and redevelopment opportunities at certain of our properties in Manhattan, including, in 

particular, the Penn District. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DEVELOPMENT AND REDEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES - continued 

Farley Office and Retail Building and Moynihan Train Hall 

Our 95.0% joint venture (the remaining 5.0% is owned by the Related Companies "Related") is developing the Farley Office and Retail 
Building (the "Project"), which will include approximately 850,000 rentable square feet of commercial space, comprised of approximately 
730,000 square feet of office space and approximately 120,000 square feet of retail space. The total development cost of the Project is 
estimated to be approximately $800,000,000 (exclusive of a $230,000,000 upfront contribution and net of anticipated historic tax credits). 
As of December 31, 2018, $144,491,000 has been expended. 

The joint venture has entered into a development agreement with Empire State Development (“ESD”), an entity of New York State, to 
build the adjacent Moynihan Train Hall, with Vornado and Related each guaranteeing the joint venture's obligations. The joint venture has 
entered into a design-build contract with Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders pursuant to which they will build the Moynihan Train Hall, 
thereby fulfilling all of the joint venture's obligations to ESD. The obligations of Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders have been bonded 
by Skanska USA and bear a full guaranty from Skanska AB. The development expenditures for the Moynihan Train Hall are estimated to be 
approximately $1.6 billion, which will be funded by governmental agencies. Pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification 840-40-55, the 
joint venture, which we consolidate on our consolidated balance sheets, is required to recognize all development expenditures for the 
Moynihan Train Hall. Accordingly, the development expenditures paid for by governmental agencies through December 31, 2018 of 
$445,693,000 are shown as “Moynihan Train Hall development expenditures” with a corresponding obligation recorded in “Moynihan 
Train Hall obligation” on our consolidated balance sheets. Upon completion of the development, the "Moynihan Train Hall development 
expenditures" and the offsetting “Moynihan Train Hall obligation” will be removed from our consolidated balance sheets. 

There can be no assurance that any of our development or redevelopment projects will commence, or if commenced, be completed, or 

completed on schedule or within budget. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
SEGMENT DATA 

We operate in the following reportable segments: New York and Other.  Financial information related to these reportable segments for 
the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is set forth in Note 25 – Segment Information to our consolidated financial statements 
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

SEASONALITY 

Our revenues and expenses are subject to seasonality during the year which impacts quarterly net earnings, cash flows and funds from 
operations, and therefore impacts comparisons of the current quarter to the previous quarter. The New York segment has historically 
experienced higher utility costs in the first and third quarters of the year. 

TENANTS ACCOUNTING FOR OVER 10% OF REVENUES 

None of our tenants accounted for more than 10% of total revenues in any of the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 

CERTAIN ACTIVITIES 

We do not base our acquisitions and investments on specific allocations by type of property. We have historically held our properties 
for long-term investment; however, it is possible that properties in our portfolio may be sold when circumstances warrant. Further, we have 
not adopted a policy that limits the amount or percentage of assets  which could be invested in a specific property or property type. 
Generally our activities are reviewed and may be modified from time to time by Vornado’s Board of Trustees without the vote of our 
shareholders or Operating Partnership unitholders. 

EMPLOYEES 

As of December 31, 2018, we have approximately 3,928 employees, of which 275 are corporate staff. The New York segment has 
3,476 employees, including 2,838 employees of Building Maintenance Services LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, which provides cleaning, 
security and engineering services primarily to our New York properties and 460 employees at the Hotel Pennsylvania. theMART has 177 
employees. The foregoing does not include employees of partially owned entities. 

PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES 

Our principal executive offices are located at 888 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019; telephone (212) 894-7000. 

MATERIALS AVAILABLE ON OUR WEBSITE 

Copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to 
those reports, as well as Reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5 regarding officers, trustees or 10% beneficial owners, filed or furnished pursuant to 
Section 13(a), 15(d) or 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge through our website (www.vno.com) as 
soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Also 
available on our  website are copies of our Audit  Committee Charter, Compensation Committee Charter, Corporate Governance and 
Nominating Committee Charter, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Corporate Governance Guidelines. In the event of any changes 
to these charters or the code or guidelines, changed copies will also be made available on our website. Copies of these documents are also 
available directly from us free of charge. Our website also includes other financial information, including certain non-GAAP financial 
measures, none of which is a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Copies of our filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are 
also available free of charge from us, upon request. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 1A.  

RISK FACTORS 

Material factors that may adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition are summarized below. We refer to the 
equity and debt securities of both Vornado and the Operating Partnership as our “securities” and the investors who own shares of Vornado 
or units of the Operating Partnership, or both, as our “equity holders.” The risks and uncertainties described herein may not be the only ones 
we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect 
our business, operations and financial condition. See “Forward-Looking Statements” contained herein on page 6. 

OUR INVESTMENTS ARE CONCENTRATED IN THE NEW YORK CITY METROPOLITAN AREA AND CIRCUMSTANCES 
AFFECTING THIS AREA GENERALLY COULD MATERIALLY AND ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS. 

A significant portion of our properties are located in the New York City Metropolitan area and are affected by the economic cycles 

and risks inherent to this area. 

In 2018, approximately 89% of our net operating income ("NOI", a non-GAAP measure) came from properties located in the New 
York City metropolitan area. We may continue to concentrate a significant portion of our future acquisitions and development in this 
area. Real estate markets are subject to economic downturns and we cannot predict how economic conditions will impact this market in 
either the short or long term. Declines in the economy or declines in real estate markets in the New York City metropolitan area could hurt 
our financial performance and the value of our properties. In addition to the factors affecting the national economic condition generally, the 
factors affecting economic conditions in this region include: 

•  

financial performance and productivity of the media, advertising, professional services, financial, technology, retail, insurance 
and real estate industries; 
•   business layoffs or downsizing; 
•  
•  
•  
•  
•  

industry slowdowns; 
relocations of businesses; 
changing demographics; 
increased telecommuting and use of alternative work places; 
changes in the number of domestic and international tourists to our markets (including, as a result of changes in the relative 
strengths of world currencies); 
infrastructure quality;  
changes in rates or the treatment of the deductibility of state and local taxes; and 
any oversupply of, or reduced demand for, real estate. 

•  
•  
•  

It is impossible for us to assess the future effects of trends in the economic and investment climates of the geographic areas in which 
we concentrate, and more generally of the United States, or the real estate markets in these areas. Local, national or global economic 
downturns could negatively affect our businesses and profitability. 

We are subject to risks that affect the general and New York City retail environments. 

Certain of our properties are Manhattan street retail properties. As such, these properties are affected by the general and New York City 
retail environments, including the level of consumer spending and consumer confidence, change in relative strengths of world currencies, 
the  threat  of  terrorism,  increasing  competition  from  retailers,  outlet  malls,  retail  websites  and  catalog  companies  and  the  impact  of 
technological change upon the retail environment generally. These factors could adversely affect the financial condition of our retail 
tenants, or result in the bankruptcy of such tenants, and the willingness of retailers to lease space in our retail locations. 

Terrorist attacks may adversely affect the value of our properties and our ability to generate cash flow. 

We  have  significant  investments  in  large  metropolitan  areas,  including  principally  New York  City,  Chicago  and  San  Francisco 
metropolitan areas. In response to a terrorist attack or the perceived threat of terrorism, tenants in these areas may choose to relocate their 
businesses to less populated, lower-profile areas of the United States that may be perceived to be less likely targets of future terrorist 
activity and fewer customers may choose to patronize businesses in these areas. This, in turn, would trigger a decrease in the demand for 
space in these areas, which could increase vacancies in our properties and force us to lease space on less favorable terms. Furthermore, we 
may experience increased costs in security, equipment and personnel. As a result, the value of our properties and the level of our revenues 
and cash flows could decline materially. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural disasters and the effects of climate change could have a concentrated impact on the areas where we operate and could 

adversely impact our results. 

Our investments are concentrated in the  New York, Chicago and San Francisco  metropolitan areas. Natural disasters, including 
earthquakes, storms, tornados, floods and hurricanes, could impact our properties in these and other areas in which we operate. Potentially 
adverse consequences of “global warming,” including rising sea levels, could similarly have an impact on our properties. Over time, these 
conditions could result in declining demand for office space in our buildings or the inability of us to operate the buildings at all. Climate 
change may also have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) property insurance on terms we find 
acceptable, increasing the cost of energy at our properties and requiring us to expend funds as we seek to repair and protect our properties 
against such risks. The incurrence of these losses, costs or business interruptions may adversely affect our operating and financial results. 

REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS’ VALUE AND INCOME FLUCTUATE DUE TO VARIOUS FACTORS. 

The value of real estate fluctuates depending on conditions in the general economy and the real estate business. These conditions may 

also adversely impact our revenues and cash flows. 

The factors that affect the value of our real estate investments include, among other things: 

changes in real estate taxes and other expenses; 

competition from other available space; 
local conditions such as an oversupply of space or a reduction in demand for real estate in the area; 

the development and/or redevelopment of our properties; 
changes in market rental rates; 
the timing and costs associated with property improvements and rentals; 

•   global, national, regional and local economic conditions; 
•  
•  
•   how well we manage our properties; 
•  
•  
•  
•   whether we are able to pass all or portions of any increases in operating costs through to tenants; 
•  
•   whether tenants and users such as customers and shoppers consider a property attractive; 
•  
changes in consumer preferences adversely affecting retailers and retail store values; 
•  
changes in space utilization by our tenants due to technology, economic conditions and business environment; 
•  
the financial condition of our tenants, including the extent of tenant bankruptcies or defaults; 
•  
trends in office real estate; 
•  
the impact on our retail tenants and demand for retail space at our properties due to increased competition from online 
shopping; 
availability of financing on acceptable terms or at all; 
inflation or deflation; 
fluctuations in interest rates; 

•  
•  
•  
•   our ability to obtain adequate insurance; 
•  
changes in zoning laws and taxation; 
•   government regulation; 
•  

consequences of any armed conflict involving, or terrorist attacks against, the United States or individual acts of violence in 
public spaces including retail centers; 

•   potential liability under environmental or other laws or regulations; 
•   natural disasters; 
•   general competitive factors; and 
•  

climate changes. 

The rents or sales proceeds we receive and the occupancy levels at our properties may decline as a result of adverse changes in any of 
these factors. If rental revenues, sales proceeds and/or occupancy levels decline, we generally would expect to have less cash available to 
pay indebtedness and for distribution to equity holders. In addition, some of our major expenses, including mortgage payments, real estate 
taxes and maintenance costs generally do not decline when the related rents decline. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital markets and economic conditions can materially affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations as well as 

the value of an investment in our debt and equity securities. 

There are many factors that can affect the value of our debt and equity securities, including the state of the capital markets and the 
economy. Demand for office and retail space may decline nationwide due to an economic downturn, bankruptcies, downsizing, layoffs and 
cost cutting. Government action or inaction may adversely affect the state of the capital markets. The cost and availability of credit may be 
adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and wider credit spreads, which may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, 
including our results of operations, and the liquidity and financial condition of our tenants. Our inability or the inability of our tenants to 
timely refinance maturing liabilities and access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs may materially affect our financial condition and 
results of operations and the value of our securities. 

U.S. federal tax reform legislation now and in the future could affect REITs generally, the geographic markets in which we operate, 

the trading of our shares and our results of operations, both positively and negatively, in ways that are difficult to anticipate. 

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Act”) represented sweeping tax reform legislation that made significant changes to 
corporate and individual tax rates and the calculation of taxes, as well as international tax rules. As a REIT, we are generally not required to 
pay federal taxes otherwise applicable to regular corporations if we comply with the various tax regulations governing REITs. Shareholders, 
however, are generally required to pay taxes on REIT dividends. The 2017 Act and future tax reform legislation could impact our share 
price or how shareholders and potential investors view an investment in REITs. For example, the decrease in corporate tax rates in the 2017 
Act could decrease the attractiveness of the REIT structure relative to companies that are not organized as REITs. In addition, while certain 
elements of the 2017 Act do not impact us directly as a REIT, they could impact the geographic markets in which we operate as well as our 
tenants in ways, both positive and negative, that are difficult to anticipate. For example, the limitation in the 2017 Act on the deductibility 
of certain state and local taxes may make operating in jurisdictions that impose such taxes at higher rates less desirable than operating in 
jurisdictions  imposing  such  taxes  at  lower  rates. The  overall  impact  of  the  2017 Act  also  depends  on  the  future  interpretations  and 
regulations that may be issued by U.S. tax authorities, and it is possible that future guidance could adversely impact us. 

Real estate is a competitive business. 

We compete with a large number of real estate property owners and developers, some of which may be willing to accept lower returns 
on their investments. Principal factors of competition are rents charged, sales prices, attractiveness of location, the quality of the property 
and the breadth and the quality of services provided. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends of the global, national, regional 
and local economies, the financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants and customers, availability and cost of 
capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations, legislation, population and employment trends. 

Competition for acquisitions may reduce the number of acquisition opportunities available to us and increase the costs of those 

acquisitions. 

We may acquire properties when we are presented with attractive opportunities. We may face competition for acquisition opportunities 
from other well-capitalized investors, including publicly traded and privately held REITs, private real estate funds, domestic and foreign 
financial institutions, life insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds, pension trusts, partnerships and individual investors which may 
adversely affect us by causing us the inability to acquire a desired property or cause an increase in the purchase price for such acquisition 
property. 

If we are unable to successfully acquire additional properties, our ability to grow our business could be adversely affected. In addition, 

increases in the cost of acquisition opportunities could adversely affect our results of operations. 

We depend on leasing space to tenants on economically favorable terms and collecting rent from tenants who may not be able to 

pay. 

Our financial results depend significantly on leasing space in our properties to tenants on economically favorable terms. In addition, 
because a majority of our income comes from renting of real property, our income, funds available to pay indebtedness and funds available 
for distribution to equity holders will decrease if a significant number of our tenants cannot pay their rent or if we are not able to maintain 
occupancy levels on favorable terms. If a tenant does not pay its rent, we may not be able to enforce our rights as landlord without delays 
and may incur substantial legal and other costs. During periods of economic adversity, there may be an increase in the number of tenants 
that cannot pay their rent, become insolvent or file for bankruptcy, all of which can result in an increase in vacancy rates and lower income 
and funds available to pay indebtedness and for distribution to our equity investors. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We may be adversely affected by trends in office real estate. 

Telecommuting, flexible work schedules, open workplaces and teleconferencing are becoming more common. These practices enable 
businesses to reduce their office space requirements. There is also an increasing trend among some businesses to utilize shared office spaces 
and co-working spaces. A continuation of the movement towards these practices could, over time, erode the overall demand for office space 
and, in turn, place downward pressure on occupancy, rental rates and property valuations. 

We may be unable to renew leases or relet space as leases expire. 

When our tenants decide not to renew their leases upon their expiration, we may not be able to relet the space. Even if tenants do renew 
or we can relet the space, the terms of renewal or reletting, taking into account among other things, the cost of improvements to the 
property and leasing commissions, may be less favorable than the terms in the expired leases. In addition, changes in space utilization by 
our tenants may impact our ability to renew or relet space without the need to incur substantial costs in renovating or redesigning the 
internal configuration of the relevant property. If we are unable to promptly renew the leases or relet the space at similar rates or if we incur 
substantial costs in renewing or reletting the space, our cash flow and ability to service debt obligations and pay dividends and distributions 
to equity holders could be adversely affected. 

Bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants may decrease our revenue, net income and available cash. 

From time to time, some of our tenants have declared bankruptcy, and other tenants may declare bankruptcy or become insolvent in the 
future. The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant could cause us to suffer lower revenues and operational difficulties, including 
leasing the remainder of the property. As a result, the bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant could result in decreased revenue, net 
income and funds available to pay our indebtedness or make distributions to equity holders. 

 We may incur significant costs to comply with environmental laws and environmental contamination may impair our ability to 

lease and/or sell real estate. 

Our operations and properties are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the protection of the 
environment, including air and water quality, hazardous or toxic substances and health and safety. Under some environmental laws, a 
current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances released at a 
property. The owner or operator may also be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage or personal injuries 
and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by those parties because of the contamination. These laws often impose liability without 
regard to whether the owner or operator knew of the release of the substances or caused the release. The presence of contamination or the 
failure to remediate contamination may also impair our ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. 
Other laws and regulations govern indoor and outdoor air quality including those that can require the abatement or removal of asbestos-
containing materials in the event of damage, demolition, renovation or remodeling and also govern emissions of and exposure to asbestos 
fibers in the air. The maintenance and removal of lead paint and certain electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 
are also regulated by federal  and state laws. We are also subject to risks associated  with human exposure to chemical or biological 
contaminants such as molds, pollens, viruses and bacteria which, above certain levels, can be alleged to be connected to allergic or other 
health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. Our predecessor companies may be subject to similar liabilities for activities of 
those companies in the past. We could incur fines for environmental compliance and be held liable for the costs of remedial action with 
respect  to  the  foregoing  regulated  substances  or  related  claims  arising  out  of  environmental  contamination  or  human  exposure  to 
contamination at or from our properties. 

 Each of our properties has been subject to varying degrees of environmental assessment. To date, these environmental assessments 
have  not  revealed  any  environmental  condition  material  to  our  business.  However,  identification  of  new  compliance  concerns  or 
undiscovered areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, human exposure to contamination or changes 
in clean-up or compliance requirements could result in significant costs to us. 

In addition, we may become subject to costs or taxes, or increases therein, associated with natural resource or energy usage (such as a 
“carbon tax”). These costs or taxes could increase our operating costs and decrease the cash available to pay our obligations or distribute to 
equity holders. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We face risks associated with our tenants being designated “Prohibited Persons” by the Office of Foreign Assets Control and 

similar requirements. 

Pursuant to Executive Order 13224 and other laws, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the 
Treasury (“OFAC”) maintains a list of persons designated as terrorists or who are otherwise blocked or banned (“Prohibited Persons”) from 
conducting business or engaging in transactions in the United States and thereby restricts our doing business with such persons. In addition, 
our leases, loans and other agreements may require us to comply with OFAC and related requirements, and any failure to do so may result 
in a breach of such agreements. If a tenant or other party with whom we conduct business is placed on the OFAC list or is otherwise a party 
with  whom  we  are  prohibited  from  doing  business,  we  may  be  required  to  terminate  the  lease  or  other  agreement  or  face  other 
penalties. Any such termination could result in a loss of revenue or otherwise negatively affect our financial results and cash flows. 

Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures. 

Despite system redundancy, the implementation of security measures and the existence of a disaster recovery plan for our internal 
information  technology  systems,  our  systems  are  vulnerable  to  damages  from  any  number  of  sources,  including  computer  viruses, 
unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures. Any system failure or accident that 
causes interruptions in our operations could result in a material disruption to our business. We may also incur additional costs to remedy 
damages caused by such disruptions. 

The occurrence of cyber incidents, or a deficiency in our cyber security, could negatively  impact our business by  causing a 
disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships 
or reputation, all of which could negatively impact our financial results. 

We  face  risks  associated  with  security  breaches,  whether  through  cyber  attacks  or  cyber  intrusions  over  the  Internet,  malware, 
computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons who access our systems from inside or outside our organization, and other significant 
disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber 
intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and 
sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Although we have not experienced cyber incidents 
that are individually, or in the aggregate, material, we have experienced cyber attacks in the past, which have thus far been mitigated by 
preventative, detective, and responsive measures that we have put in place. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the 
operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations (including managing our building systems) and, in some cases, 
may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of 
IT networks and related systems, and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there 
can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be 
successful or damaging. Unauthorized parties, whether within or outside our company, may disrupt or gain access to our systems, or those 
of third parties with whom we do business, through human error, misfeasance, fraud, trickery, or other forms of deceit, including break-ins, 
use of stolen credentials, social engineering, phishing, computer viruses or other malicious codes, and similar means of unauthorized and 
destructive tampering. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the 
techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some 
cases are designed to not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to 
implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk. 

A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could disrupt the proper functioning of 
our networks and systems and therefore our operations and/or those of certain of our tenants; result in the unauthorized access to, and 
destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of, proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or 
others, which others could use to compete against us or which could expose us to damage claims by third-parties for disruptive, destructive 
or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our tenants for the 
efficient use of their leased space; require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result; subject us to 
litigation  claims  for  breach  of  contract,  damages,  credits,  fines,  penalties,  governmental  investigations  and  enforcement  actions  or 
termination of leases or other agreements; or damage our reputation among our tenants and investors generally. Any or all of the foregoing 
could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. 

A cyber attack could interfere with our ability to comply with financial reporting requirements, which could adversely affect us. A 
cyber attack could also compromise the confidential information of our employees, tenants, customers and vendors. A successful attack 
could disrupt and materially affect our business operations, including damaging relationships with tenants, customers and vendors. Any 
compromise of our information security systems could also result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, significant legal and 
financial  exposure,  damage  to  our  reputation,  loss  or  misuse  of  the  information  (which  may  be  confidential,  proprietary  and/or 
commercially sensitive in nature) and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could harm our business. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Some of our potential losses may not be covered by insurance. 

We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, and all risk property and rental 
value insurance with limits of $2.0 billion per occurrence, with sub-limits for certain perils such as flood and earthquake. Our California 
properties have earthquake insurance with coverage of $260,000,000 per occurrence and in the aggregate, subject to a deductible in the 
amount of 5% of the value of the affected property. We maintain coverage for terrorism acts with limits of $4.0 billion per occurrence and 
in the aggregate, and $2.0 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate for terrorism involving nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological 
(“NBCR”) terrorism events, as defined by Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015, which expires in December 
2020. 

Penn Plaza Insurance Company, LLC (“PPIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a re-insurer with respect to a portion 
of all risk property and rental value insurance and a portion of our earthquake insurance coverage, and as a direct insurer for coverage for 
acts of terrorism including NBCR acts. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third party insurance 
companies and the Federal government with no exposure to PPIC. For NBCR acts, PPIC is responsible for a deductible of  $1,453,000 and 
19% of the balance of a covered loss and the Federal government is responsible for the remaining portion of a covered loss. We are 
ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by PPIC. 

We  continue  to  monitor  the  state  of  the  insurance  market  and  the  scope  and  costs  of  coverage  for  acts  of  terrorism  and  other 
events. However, we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible 
for uninsured losses and for deductibles and losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material. 

Our debt instruments, consisting of mortgage loans secured by our properties, senior unsecured notes and revolving credit agreements 
contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have adequate insurance coverage for 
purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable costs in the future. Further, if 
lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties and 
expand our portfolio. 

Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA") or other safety regulations and requirements could 

result in substantial costs. 

ADA generally requires that public buildings, including our properties, meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by 
disabled persons. Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private 
litigants and/or legal fees to their counsel. From time to time persons have asserted claims against us with respect to some of our properties 
under the ADA, but to date such claims have not resulted in any material expense or liability. If, under the ADA, we are required to make 
substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our properties, including the removal of access barriers, it could adversely 
affect our financial condition and results of operations, as well as the amount of cash available for distribution to equity holders. 

Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety 
requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. We do not know whether 
existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that 
will affect our cash flow and results of operations. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in the method pursuant to which the LIBOR rates are determined and potential phasing out of LIBOR after 2021 may 

affect our financial results. 

The chief executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA"), which regulates LIBOR, has recently announced 
that the FCA intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. It is not possible to predict the effect 
of these changes, other reforms or the establishment of alternative reference rates in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. Furthermore, in the 
United States, efforts to identify a set of alternative U.S. dollar reference interest rates include proposals by the Alternative Reference Rates 
Committee of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. On August 24, 2017, the Federal Reserve Board 
requested public comment on a proposal by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, in cooperation with the Office of Financial Research, 
to produce three new reference rates intended to serve as alternatives to LIBOR. These alternative rates are based on overnight repurchase 
agreement transactions secured by U.S. Treasury Securities. 

Any changes announced by the FCA, other regulators or any other successor governance or oversight body, or future changes adopted 
by such body, in the method pursuant to which the LIBOR rates are determined may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in 
the reported LIBOR rates. If that were to occur, the level of interest payments we incur may change. In addition, although certain of our 
LIBOR based obligations provide for alternative methods of calculating the interest rate payable on certain of our obligations if LIBOR is 
not reported, which include requesting certain rates from major reference banks in London or New York, or alternatively using LIBOR for 
the immediately preceding interest period or using the initial interest rate, as applicable, uncertainty as to the extent and manner of future 
changes may result in interest rates and/or payments that are higher than, lower than or that do not otherwise correlate over time with the 
interest rates and/or payments that would have been made on our obligations if LIBOR rate was available in its current form. 

WE MAY ACQUIRE OR SELL ASSETS OR ENTITIES OR DEVELOP PROPERTIES. OUR FAILURE OR INABILITY TO 
CONSUMMATE  THESE  TRANSACTIONS  OR  MANAGE  THE  RESULTS  OF  THESE  TRANSACTIONS  COULD 
ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL RESULTS. 

We may acquire, develop or redevelop real estate and acquire related companies and this may create risks. 

We may acquire, develop or redevelop properties or acquire real estate related companies when we believe doing so is consistent with 
our business strategy. We may not succeed in (i) developing, redeveloping or acquiring real estate and real estate related companies; (ii) 
completing these activities on time or within budget; or (iii) leasing or selling developed, redeveloped or acquired properties at amounts 
sufficient  to  cover  our  costs. Competition  in  these  activities  could  also  significantly  increase  our  costs.  Difficulties  in  integrating 
acquisitions may prove costly or time-consuming and could divert management’s attention. Acquisitions or developments in new markets or 
industries where we do not have the same level of market knowledge may result in weaker than anticipated performance. We may also 
abandon  acquisition  or  development  opportunities  that  we  have  begun  pursuing  and  consequently  fail  to  recover  expenses  already 
incurred. Furthermore, we may be exposed to the liabilities of properties or companies acquired, some of which we may not be aware of at 
the time of acquisition. 

From time to time we have made, and in the future we may seek to make, one or more material acquisitions. The announcement of 

such a material acquisition may result in a rapid and significant decline in the price of our securities. 

We are continuously looking at material transactions that we believe will maximize shareholder value. However, an announcement by 

us of one or more significant acquisitions could result in a quick and significant decline in the price of our securities. 

It may be difficult to buy and sell real estate quickly, which may limit our flexibility. 

Real estate investments are relatively difficult to buy and sell quickly. Consequently, we may have limited ability to vary our portfolio 

promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We may not be permitted to dispose of certain properties or pay down the debt associated with those properties when we might 
otherwise desire to do so without incurring additional costs. In addition, when we dispose of or sell assets, we may not be able to reinvest 
the sales proceeds and earn similar returns. 

As part of an acquisition of a property, or a portfolio of properties, we may agree, and in the past have agreed, not to dispose of the 
acquired properties or reduce the mortgage indebtedness for a long-term period, unless we pay certain of the resulting tax costs of the seller. 
These agreements could result in us holding on to properties that we would otherwise sell and not pay down or refinance. In addition, when 
we dispose of or sell assets, we may not be able to reinvest the sales proceeds and earn returns similar to those generated by the assets that 
were sold. 

From time to time we have made, and in the future we may seek to make, investments in companies over which we do not have sole 

control. Some of these companies operate in industries with different risks than investing and operating real estate. 

From time to time we have made, and in the future we may seek to make, investments in companies that we may not control, including, 
but not limited to, Alexander’s, Urban Edge Properties (“UE”), Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust (“PREIT”), and other equity and 
loan investments. Although these businesses generally have a significant real estate component, some of them operate in businesses that are 
different from investing and operating real estate. Consequently, we are subject to operating and financial risks of those industries and to the 
risks associated with lack of control, such as having differing objectives than our partners or the entities in which we invest, or becoming 
involved in disputes, or competing directly or indirectly with these partners or entities. In addition, we rely on the internal controls and 
financial reporting controls of these entities and their failure to maintain effectiveness or comply with applicable standards may adversely 
affect us. 

We are subject to risks involved in real estate activity through joint ventures and private equity real estate funds. 

We have in the past and may in the future acquire or own properties in joint ventures and private equity real estate funds with other 
persons or entities when we believe circumstances warrant the use of such structures. Joint venture and fund investments involve risk, 
including: the possibility that our partners might refuse to make capital contributions when due and therefore we may be forced to make 
contributions to maintain the value of the property; that we may be responsible to our partners for indemnifiable losses; that our partners 
might at any time have business or economic goals that are inconsistent with ours; and that our partners may be in a position to take action 
or withhold consent contrary to our recommendations, instructions or requests. We and our respective joint venture partners may each have 
the right to trigger a buy-sell, put right or forced sale arrangement, which could cause us to sell our interest, or acquire our partner’s 
interest, or to sell the underlying asset, at a time when we otherwise would not have initiated such a transaction, without our consent or on 
unfavorable  terms.  In  some  instances,  joint  venture  and  fund  partners  may  have  competing  interests  in  unfavorable  terms.  In  some 
instances, joint venture and fund partners may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflicts of interest. These conflicts 
may include compliance with the REIT requirements, and our REIT status could be jeopardized if any of our joint ventures or funds does 
not operate in compliance with REIT requirements. To the extent our partners do not meet their obligations to us or our joint ventures or 
funds, or they take action inconsistent with the interests of the joint venture or fund, we may be adversely affected. 

Our decision to dispose of real estate assets would change the holding period assumption in our valuation analyses, which could 

result in material impairment losses and adversely affect our financial results. 

We evaluate real estate assets for impairment based on the projected cash flow of the asset over our anticipated holding period. If we 
change our intended holding period, due to our intention to sell or otherwise dispose of an asset, then under accounting principles generally 
accepted in the United States of America, we must reevaluate whether that asset is impaired. Depending on the carrying value of the 
property at the time we change our intention and the amount that we estimate we would receive on disposal, we may record an impairment 
loss that  would adversely affect our financial results. This loss could be material to our results of operations in the period that it is 
recognized. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We invest in marketable equity securities. The value of these investments may decline as a result of operating performance or 

economic or market conditions. 

We invest in marketable equity securities of publicly-traded companies, such as Lexington Realty Trust. As of December 31, 2018, our 
marketable securities have an aggregate carrying amount of $152,198,000, at market. Significant declines in the value of these investments 
due to, among other reasons, operating performance or economic or market conditions, would result in recognized GAAP losses which 
could be material. 

OUR ORGANIZATIONAL AND FINANCIAL STRUCTURE GIVES RISE TO OPERATIONAL AND FINANCIAL RISKS. 

We may not be able to obtain capital to make investments. 

We depend primarily on external financing to fund the growth of our business. This is because one of the requirements of the Internal 
Revenue  Code  of  1986,  as  amended,  for  a  REIT  is  that  it  distributes  90%  of  its  taxable  income,  excluding  net  capital  gains,  to  its 
shareholders. This, in turn, requires the Operating Partnership to make distributions to its unitholders. There is a separate requirement to 
distribute net capital gains or pay a corporate level tax in lieu thereof. Our access to debt or equity financing depends on the willingness of 
third parties to lend or make equity investments and on conditions in the capital markets generally. Although we believe that we will be able 
to finance any investments we may wish to make in the foreseeable future, there can be no assurance that new financing will be available or 
available on acceptable terms. For information about our available sources of funds, see  “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of 
Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources” and the notes to the consolidated financial statements 
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

We depend on dividends and distributions from our direct and indirect subsidiaries. The creditors and preferred equity holders of 
these  subsidiaries  are  entitled  to  amounts  payable  to  them  by  the  subsidiaries  before  the  subsidiaries  may  pay  any  dividends  or 
distributions to us. 

Substantially all of Vornado’s assets are held through its Operating Partnership that holds substantially all of its properties and assets 
through  subsidiaries. The Operating Partnership’s cash  flow  is dependent on cash distributions to it by its subsidiaries, and in turn, 
substantially all of Vornado’s cash flow is dependent on cash distributions to it by the Operating Partnership. The creditors of each of 
Vornado’s direct and indirect subsidiaries are entitled to payment of that subsidiary’s obligations to them, when due and payable, before 
distributions may be made by that subsidiary to its equity holders. Thus, the Operating Partnership’s ability to make distributions to its 
equity holders depends on its subsidiaries’ ability first to satisfy their obligations to their creditors and then to make distributions to the 
Operating  Partnership.  Likewise, Vornado’s  ability  to  pay  dividends  to  its  holders  of  common  and  preferred  shares  depends  on  the 
Operating Partnership’s ability first to satisfy its obligations to its creditors and make distributions to holders of its preferred units and then 
to make distributions to Vornado. 

Furthermore, the holders of preferred units of the Operating Partnership are entitled to receive preferred distributions before payment 
of distributions to the Operating Partnership’s equity holders, including Vornado. Thus, Vornado’s ability to pay cash dividends to its equity 
holders and satisfy its debt obligations depends on the Operating Partnership’s ability first to satisfy its obligations to its creditors and make 
distributions to holders of its preferred units and then to its equity holders, including Vornado. As of December 31, 2018, there were four 
series of preferred units of the Operating Partnership not held by Vornado with a total liquidation value of $55,921,000. 

In addition, Vornado’s participation in any distribution of the assets of any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries upon the liquidation, 
reorganization or insolvency, is only after the claims of the creditors, including trade creditors and preferred equity holders, are satisfied. 

We have a substantial amount of indebtedness that could affect our future operations. 

As of December 31, 2018, our consolidated mortgages and unsecured indebtedness, excluding related premium, discount and deferred 
financing costs, net, totaled $9.9 billion. We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash 
flow  from  operations  will  be  insufficient  to  meet  our  required  debt  service.  Our  debt  service  costs  generally  will  not  be  reduced  if 
developments in the market or at our properties, such as the entry of new competitors or the loss of major tenants, cause a reduction in the 
income from our properties. Should such events occur, our operations may be adversely affected. If a property is mortgaged to secure 
payment of indebtedness and income from such property is insufficient to pay that indebtedness, the property could be foreclosed upon by 
the mortgagee resulting in a loss of income and a decline in our total asset value. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We have outstanding debt, and the amount of debt and its cost may increase and refinancing may not be available on acceptable 

terms. 

We rely on both secured and unsecured, variable rate and non-variable rate debt to finance acquisitions and development activities and 
for working capital. If we are unable to obtain debt financing or refinance existing indebtedness upon maturity, our financial condition and 
results of operations would likely be adversely affected. In addition, the cost of our existing debt may increase, especially in the case of a 
rising interest rate environment, and we may not be able to refinance our existing debt in sufficient amounts or on acceptable terms. If the 
cost or amount of our indebtedness increases or we cannot refinance our debt in sufficient amounts or on acceptable terms, we are at risk of 
credit ratings downgrades and default on our obligations that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. 

Covenants in our debt instruments could adversely affect our financial condition and our acquisitions and development activities. 

The mortgages on our properties contain customary covenants such as those that limit our ability, without the prior consent of the 
applicable lender, to further mortgage the applicable property or to discontinue insurance coverage. Our unsecured indebtedness and debt 
that we may obtain in the future may contain customary restrictions, requirements and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness, 
including covenants that limit our ability to incur debt based upon the level of our ratio of total debt to total assets, our ratio of secured debt 
to total assets, our ratio of EBITDA to interest expense, and fixed charges, and that require us to maintain a certain ratio of unencumbered 
assets to unsecured debt. Our ability to borrow is subject to compliance with these and other covenants. In addition, failure to comply with 
our covenants could cause a default under the applicable debt instrument, and we may then be required to repay such debt with capital from 
such other sources or give possession of a secured property to the lender. Under those circumstances, other sources of capital may not be 
available to us, or may be available only on unattractive terms. 

A downgrade in our credit ratings could materially adversely affect our business and financial condition. 

Our credit rating and the credit ratings assigned to our debt securities and our preferred shares could change based upon, among other 
things, our results of operations and financial condition. These ratings are subject to ongoing evaluation by credit rating agencies, and any 
rating could be changed or withdrawn by a rating agency in the future if, in its judgment, circumstances warrant such action. Moreover, 
these credit ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold our common shares or any other securities. If any of the credit rating 
agencies that have rated our securities downgrades or lowers its credit rating, or if any credit rating agency indicates that it has placed any 
such rating on a “watch list” for a possible downgrading or lowering, or otherwise indicates that its outlook for that rating is negative, such 
action could have a material adverse effect on our costs and availability of funding, which could in turn have a material adverse effect on 
our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, the trading/redemption price of our securities, and our ability to satisfy our debt 
service obligations and to pay dividends and distributions to our equity holders. 

Vornado may fail to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT and may be required to pay income taxes at corporate rates. 

Although we believe that Vornado will remain organized and will continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax 
purposes, Vornado may fail to remain so qualified. Qualifications are governed by highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal 
Revenue Code for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations and depend on various facts and circumstances that 
are  not  entirely  within  our  control.  In  addition,  legislation,  new  regulations,  administrative  interpretations  or  court  decisions  may 
significantly change the relevant tax laws and/or the federal income tax consequences of qualifying as a REIT. If, with respect to any 
taxable year, Vornado fails to maintain its qualification as a REIT and does not qualify under statutory relief provisions, Vornado could not 
deduct distributions to shareholders in computing our taxable income and would have to pay federal income tax on its taxable income at 
regular corporate rates. The federal income tax payable would include any applicable alternative minimum tax. If Vornado had to pay 
federal income tax, the amount of money available to distribute to equity holders and pay its indebtedness would be reduced for the year or 
years involved, and Vornado would not be required to make distributions to shareholders in that taxable year and in future years until it was 
able to qualify as a REIT and did so. In addition, Vornado would also be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years 
following the year during which qualification was lost, unless Vornado were entitled to relief under the relevant statutory provisions. 

We face possible adverse changes in tax laws, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. 

From time to time changes in tax laws or regulations are enacted, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. The shortfall in 
tax revenues for states and municipalities in recent years may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes. If such changes 
occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income. These increased tax costs could adversely affect our financial 
condition and results of operations and the amount of cash available for payment of dividends and distributions. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss  of  our  key  personnel  could  harm  our  operations  and  adversely  affect  the  value  of  our  common  shares  and  Operating 

Partnership Class A units. 

We are dependent on the efforts of Steven Roth, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado. While 
we believe that we could find a replacement for him and other key personnel, the loss of their services could harm our operations and 
adversely affect the value of our securities. 

VORNADO’S CHARTER DOCUMENTS AND APPLICABLE LAW MAY HINDER ANY ATTEMPT TO ACQUIRE US. 

Vornado’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (the “declaration of trust”) sets limits on the ownership of its shares. 

Generally, for Vornado to maintain its qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, not more than 50% in value of the 
outstanding shares of beneficial interest of Vornado may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals at any time during the 
last half of Vornado’s taxable year. The Internal Revenue Code defines “individuals” for purposes of the requirement described in the 
preceding sentence to include some types of entities. Under Vornado’s declaration of trust, as amended, no person may own more than 6.7% 
of the outstanding common shares of any class, or 9.9% of the outstanding preferred shares of any class, with some exceptions for persons 
who held common shares in excess of the 6.7% limit before Vornado adopted the limit and other persons approved by Vornado’s Board of 
Trustees. These restrictions on transferability and ownership may delay, deter or prevent a change in control of Vornado or other transaction 
that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the best interest of equity holders. 

The Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”) contains provisions that may reduce the likelihood of certain takeover 

transactions. 

The MGCL imposes conditions and restrictions on certain “business combinations” (including, among other transactions, a merger, 
consolidation, share exchange, or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or issuance of equity securities) between a Maryland REIT and 
certain persons who beneficially own at least 10% of the corporation’s stock (an “interested shareholder”). Unless approved in advance by 
the board of trustees of the trust, or otherwise exempted by the statute, such a business combination is prohibited for a period of five years 
after the most recent date on which the interested shareholder became an interested shareholder. After such five-year period, a business 
combination with an interested shareholder must be: (a) recommended by the board of trustees of the trust, and (b) approved by the 
affirmative vote of at least (i) 80% of the trust’s outstanding shares entitled to vote and (ii) two-thirds of the trust’s outstanding shares 
entitled to vote which are not held by the interested shareholder with whom the business combination is to be effected, unless, among other 
things, the trust’s common shareholders receive a “fair price” (as defined by the statute) for their shares and the consideration is received in 
cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested shareholder for his or her shares. 

In approving a transaction, Vornado’s Board of Trustees may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of 
approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the Board of Trustees. Vornado’s Board of Trustees has adopted a resolution 
exempting any business combination between Vornado and any trustee or officer of Vornado or its affiliates. As a result, any trustee or 
officer of Vornado or its affiliates may be able to enter into business combinations with Vornado that may not be in the best interest of our 
equity holders. With respect to business combinations with other persons, the business combination provisions of the MGCL may have the 
effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Vornado or other transaction that might involve a premium  price or 
otherwise be in the best interest of our equity holders. The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire 
control of Vornado and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vornado may issue additional shares in a manner that could adversely affect the likelihood of certain takeover transactions. 

Vornado’s declaration of trust authorizes the Board of Trustees to: 

•  
•  
•  
•  

cause Vornado to issue additional authorized but unissued common shares or preferred shares; 
classify or reclassify, in one or more series, any unissued preferred shares; 
set the preferences, rights and other terms of any classified or reclassified shares that Vornado issues; and 
increase, without shareholder approval, the number of shares of beneficial interest that Vornado may issue. 

Vornado’s Board of Trustees could establish a series of preferred shares whose terms could delay, deter or prevent a change in control 
of Vornado, and therefore of the Operating Partnership, or other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the best 
interest of our equity holders, although Vornado’s Board of Trustees does not now intend to establish a series of preferred shares of this 
kind. Vornado’s declaration of trust and bylaws contain other provisions that may delay, deter or prevent a change in control of Vornado or 
other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the best interest of our equity holders. 

We may change our policies without obtaining the approval of our equity holders. 

Our operating and financial policies, including our policies with respect to acquisitions of real estate or other companies, growth, 
operations,  indebtedness,  capitalization,  dividends  and  distributions,  are  exclusively  determined  by  Vornado’s  Board  of  Trustees. 
Accordingly, our equity holders do not control these policies. 

OUR OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS MAY GIVE RISE TO CONFLICTS OF 

INTEREST. 

Steven Roth and Interstate Properties may exercise substantial influence over us. They and some of Vornado’s other trustees and 

officers have interests or positions in other entities that may compete with us. 

As of December 31, 2018, Interstate Properties, a New Jersey general partnership, and its partners beneficially owned an aggregate of 
approximately 7.1% of the common shares of beneficial interest of Vornado and 26.2% of the common stock of Alexander’s, which is 
described below. Steven Roth, David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr. are the three partners of Interstate Properties. Mr. Roth is the 
Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado, the managing general partner of Interstate Properties, and the 
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Alexander’s. Messrs. Wight and Mandelbaum are Trustees of Vornado 
and also Directors of Alexander’s. 

Because of these overlapping interests, Mr. Roth and Interstate Properties and its partners may have substantial influence over Vornado, 
and therefore over the Operating Partnership. In addition, certain decisions concerning our operations or financial structure may present 
conflicts of interest among Messrs. Roth, Mandelbaum and Wight and Interstate Properties and our other equity holders. In addition, 
Mr. Roth, Interstate Properties and its partners, and Alexander’s currently and may in the future engage in a wide variety of activities in the 
real estate business which may result in conflicts of interest with respect to matters affecting us, such as which of these entities or persons, 
if any, may take advantage of potential business opportunities, the business focus of these entities, the types of properties and geographic 
locations in which these entities make investments, potential competition between business activities conducted, or sought to be conducted, 
competition for properties and tenants, possible corporate transactions such as acquisitions and other strategic decisions affecting the future 
of these entities. 

We manage and lease the real estate assets of Interstate Properties under a management agreement for which we receive an annual fee 
equal to 4% of annual base rent and percentage rent. See Note 23 – Related Party Transactions to our consolidated financial statements in 
this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There may be conflicts of interest between Alexander’s and us. 

As of December 31, 2018, we owned 32.4% of the outstanding common stock of Alexander’s. Alexander’s is a REIT that has seven 
properties, which are located in the greater New York metropolitan area. In addition to the 2.3% that they indirectly own through Vornado, 
Interstate Properties, which is described above, and its partners owned 26.2% of the outstanding common stock of Alexander’s as of 
December 31, 2018. Mr. Roth is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado, the managing general 
partner of Interstate Properties, and the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Alexander’s. Messrs. Wight and 
Mandelbaum are Trustees of Vornado and also Directors of Alexander’s and general partners of Interstate Properties. Dr. Richard West is a 
Trustee of Vornado and a Director of Alexander’s. In addition, Joseph Macnow, our Executive Vice President – Chief Financial Officer and 
Chief Administrative Officer, is the Treasurer of Alexander’s and Matthew Iocco, our Executive Vice President – Chief Accounting Officer, 
is the Chief Financial Officer of Alexander’s. 

We manage, develop and lease Alexander’s properties under management and development agreements and leasing agreements under 
which we receive annual fees from Alexander’s. See Note 23 – Related Party Transactions to our consolidated financial statements in this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information. 

THE NUMBER OF SHARES OF VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND THE MARKET FOR THOSE SHARES GIVE RISE TO 

VARIOUS RISKS. 

The trading price of Vornado’s common shares has been volatile and may continue to fluctuate. 

The trading price of Vornado’s common shares has been volatile and may continue to fluctuate widely as a result of a number of 
factors, many of which are outside our control. In addition, the stock market is subject to fluctuations in the share prices and trading 
volumes that affect the market prices of the shares of many companies. These broad market fluctuations have in the past and may in the 
future adversely affect the market price of Vornado’s common shares and the redemption price of the Operating Partnership’s Class A 
units. Among those factors are: 

the financial condition of our tenants, including the extent of tenant bankruptcies or defaults; 
actual or anticipated quarterly fluctuations in our operating results and financial condition; 

•   our financial condition and performance; 
•  
•  
•   our dividend policy; 
•  

the reputation of REITs and real estate investments generally and the attractiveness of REIT equity securities in comparison 
to other equity securities, including securities issued by other real estate companies, and fixed income securities; 

•   uncertainty and volatility in the equity and credit markets; 
•  
•  

fluctuations in interest rates; 
changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of research reports and recommendations by financial analysts or 
actions taken by rating agencies with respect to our securities or those of other REITs; 
failure to meet analysts’ revenue or earnings estimates; 
speculation in the press or investment community; 
strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings; 
the extent of institutional investor interest in us; 
the extent of short-selling of Vornado common shares and the shares of our competitors; 
fluctuations in the stock price and operating results of our competitors; 

•  
•  
•  
•  
•  
•  
•   general financial and economic market conditions and, in particular, developments related to market conditions for REITs and 

other real estate related companies; 

•   domestic and international economic factors unrelated to our performance;  
•  
•  

changes in tax laws and rules; and 
all other risk factors addressed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

A significant decline in Vornado’s stock price could result in substantial losses for our equity holders. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vornado has many shares available for future sale, which could hurt the market price of its shares and the redemption price of the 

Operating Partnership’s units. 

The interests of equity holders could be diluted if we issue additional equity securities. As of December 31, 2018, Vornado had 
authorized but unissued, 59,464,501 common shares of beneficial interest, $.04 par value and 72,116,023 preferred shares of beneficial 
interest, no par value; of which 18,882,197 common shares are reserved for issuance upon redemption of Class A Operating Partnership 
units, convertible securities and employee stock options and 11,200,000 preferred shares are reserved for issuance upon redemption of 
preferred Operating Partnership units. Any shares  not reserved  may be issued from time to time in public or private  offerings or in 
connection with acquisitions. In addition, common and preferred shares reserved may be sold upon issuance in the public market after 
registration under the Securities Act or under Rule 144 under the Securities Act or other available exemptions from registration. We cannot 
predict the effect that future sales of Vornado’s common and preferred shares or Operating Partnership Class A and preferred units will have 
on the market prices of our securities. 

 In addition, under Maryland law, Vornado’s Board of Trustees has the authority to increase the number of authorized shares without 

shareholder approval. 

ITEM 1B.  

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 

There are no unresolved comments from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission as of the date of this Annual Report on 

Form 10-K. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 2.  

PROPERTIES 

We operate in two reportable segments: New York and Other. The following pages provide details of our real estate properties as 

of December 31, 2018. 

NEW YORK SEGMENT 
Property 

PENN1 (ground leased through 2098) 
1290 Avenue of the Americas 
PENN2 
909 Third Avenue (ground leased through 2063) 
Independence Plaza, Tribeca (1,327 units)(1) 
280 Park Avenue(1) 
770 Broadway 
PENN11 
90 Park Avenue 
One Park Avenue(1) 
888 Seventh Avenue (ground leased through 2067) 
100 West 33rd Street 
Farley Office and Retail Building 
      (ground leased through 2116) 
330 Madison Avenue(1) 
330 West 34th Street 

(ground leased through 2149 - 34.8% ownership interest 
in the land) 
85 Tenth Avenue(1) 
650 Madison Avenue(1) 
350 Park Avenue 
150 East 58th Street (ground leased through 2118) 
7 West 34th Street (1) 
33-00 Northern Boulevard (Center Building) 
595 Madison Avenue 
640 Fifth Avenue 
50-70 W 93rd Street (325 units)(1) 
Manhattan Mall 
40 Fulton Street 
4 Union Square South 
260 Eleventh Avenue (ground leased through 2114) 
512 W 22nd Street(1) 
61 Ninth Avenue (ground leased through 2115)(1) 
825 Seventh Avenue 
1540 Broadway 
608 Fifth Avenue (ground leased through 2033) 
Paramus 
666 Fifth Avenue Retail Condominium 
1535 Broadway 
57th Street (2 buildings)(1) 
689 Fifth Avenue 
478-486 Broadway (2 buildings) (10 units) 
150 West 34th Street 
510 Fifth Avenue 
655 Fifth Avenue 
155 Spring Street 
3040 M Street 
435 Seventh Avenue 
________________________________________ 
See notes on page 28. 

% 
Ownership   
100.0 %  
70.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
50.1 %  
50.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
55.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  

95.0 %  
25.0 %  

100.0 %  
49.9 %  
20.1 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
53.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
49.9 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
55.0 %  
45.1 %  
51.2 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
50.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
92.5 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  

Square Feet 

Under 
Development 
or Not 
Available 
for Lease 

169,000   
—   
236,000   
—   
12,000   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   

850,000 
—   

— 
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
173,000   
147,000   
169,000   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   

% 
Occupancy 

93.1 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
98.6 %  
100.0 %  (2) 
93.5 %  
100.0 %  
99.7 %  
94.9 %  
100.0 %  
96.7 %  
100.0 %  
n/a   
97.0 %  

98.5 % 
99.5 %  
96.0 %  
97.8 %  
96.5 %  
99.6 %  
95.5 %  
91.1 %  
100.0 %  
96.0 %  
94.9 %  
77.5 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
n/a   
100.0 %  
n/a   
100.0 %  
99.9 %  
87.2 %  
100.0 %  
98.0 %  
87.9 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  (2) 
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
93.6 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  

In Service   
2,376,000   
2,113,000   
1,398,000   
1,352,000   
1,245,000   
1,260,000   
1,183,000   
1,151,000   
962,000   
943,000   
886,000   
859,000   

— 
846,000   

722,000 
629,000   
604,000   
571,000   
543,000   
477,000   
471,000   
330,000   
315,000   
283,000   
256,000   
251,000   
206,000   
184,000   
—   
23,000   
—   
161,000   
137,000   
129,000   
114,000   
107,000   
103,000   
98,000   
85,000   
78,000   
66,000   
57,000   
50,000   
44,000   
43,000   

Total 
Property 
2,545,000  
2,113,000  
1,634,000  
1,352,000  
1,257,000  
1,260,000  
1,183,000  
1,151,000  
962,000  
943,000  
886,000  
859,000  

850,000 
846,000  

722,000 
629,000  
604,000  
571,000  
543,000  
477,000  
471,000  
330,000  
315,000  
283,000  
256,000  
251,000  
206,000  
184,000  
173,000  
170,000  
169,000  
161,000  
137,000  
129,000  
114,000  
107,000  
103,000  
98,000  
85,000  
78,000  
66,000  
57,000  
50,000  
44,000  
43,000  

Type 
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office  
Retail / Residential  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office  

Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  

Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Residential  
Retail  
Office / Retail  
Retail  
Office  
Office  
Office / Retail  
Office (1) / Retail  
Retail  
Office / Retail  
Office  
Retail  
Retail / Theatre  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  
Retail / Residential  
Retail  
Retail  
Retail  
Retail  
Retail  
Retail  

26 

 
 
 
   
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 2.  

PROPERTIES – CONTINUED 

NEW YORK SEGMENT – CONTINUED 
Property 

692 Broadway 
606 Broadway 
697-703 Fifth Avenue 
715 Lexington Avenue 
1131 Third Avenue 
40 East 66th Street (5 units) 
131-135 West 33rd Street 
828-850 Madison Avenue 
443 Broadway 
334 Canal Street (4 units) 
537 West 26th Street 
304 Canal Street (4 units) 
677-679 Madison Avenue (8 units) 
431 Seventh Avenue 
138-142 West 32nd Street 
148 Spring Street 
339 Greenwich Street 
150 Spring Street (1 unit) 
966 Third Avenue 
968 Third Avenue (1) 
488 Eighth Avenue 
137 West 33rd Street 
Other (8 units) 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Alexander's, Inc.: 
731 Lexington Avenue(1) 
Rego Park II, Queens(1) 
Rego Park I, Queens(1) 
The Alexander Apartment Tower, Queens (312 units)(1) 
Flushing, Queens(1) (1.0 acre ground leased through 2037) 
Paramus, New Jersey (30.3 acres 
ground leased through 2041)(1) 

Total New York Segment 

Our Ownership Interest 
________________________________________ 
See notes on page 28. 

Type 

% 
Ownership   
Retail   
100.0 %  
Office / Retail   
50.0 %  
Retail   
74.3 %  
Retail   
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
Retail   
100.0 %   Retail / Residential   
Retail   
100.0 %  
Retail   
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
Retail   
100.0 %   Retail / Residential   
Retail   
100.0 %  
100.0 %   Retail / Residential   
100.0 %   Retail / Residential   
Retail   
100.0 %  
Retail   
100.0 %  
Retail   
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
Retail   
100.0 %   Retail / Residential   
Retail   
100.0 %  
Retail   
50.0 %  
Retail   
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
Retail   
100.0 %   Retail / Residential   

% 
Occupancy 

100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
92.5 %  
100.0 %  
66.7 %  (2) 
100.0 %  
94.8 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  (2) 
n/a   
n/a   
100.0 %  (2) 
100.0 %  
67.3 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
63.2 %  (2) 
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  (2) 

In Service   
36,000   
3,000   
26,000   
23,000   
23,000   
23,000   
23,000   
14,000   
16,000   
15,000   
14,000   
13,000   
13,000   
10,000   
8,000   
8,000   
8,000   
7,000   
7,000   
7,000   
6,000   
3,000   
22,000   

Square Feet 

Under 
Development  
or Not  
Available  
for Lease 

Total 
Property 

—   
31,000   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
4,000   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   

36,000  
34,000  
26,000  
23,000  
23,000  
23,000  
23,000  
18,000  
16,000  
15,000  
14,000  
13,000  
13,000  
10,000  
8,000  
8,000  
8,000  
7,000  
7,000  
7,000  
6,000  
3,000  
22,000  

100.0 %  

Hotel   

n/a   

1,400,000   

—   

1,400,000  

32.4 %  
32.4 %  
32.4 %  
32.4 %  
32.4 %  

32.4 %  

Office / Retail   
Retail   
Retail   
Residential   
Retail   

Retail   

99.9 %  
99.9 %  
43.1 %  
95.5 %  
100.0 %  
100.0 %  
96.7 %  

97.0 %  

1,063,000   
609,000   
343,000   
255,000   
167,000   

— 
27,876,000   
22,041,000   

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   

1,063,000  
609,000  
343,000  
255,000  
167,000  

— 
1,791,000   
1,486,000   

— 
29,667,000  

23,527,000  

27 

 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
  
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
  
  
 
 
   
   
   
  
  
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
  
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
ITEM 2.  

PROPERTIES – CONTINUED 

OTHER SEGMENT 
Property 

theMART: 

theMART, Chicago 
Other (2 properties)(1) 
Total theMART 

Our Ownership Interest 

555 California Street: 
555 California Street 
315 Montgomery Street 
345 Montgomery Street 
Total 555 California Street 

Our Ownership Interest 

Vornado Capital Partners Real Estate Fund 

("Fund")(3) : 

Crowne Plaza Times Square, NY (0.64 acres owned in 
      fee; 0.18 acres ground leased through 2187 and 
      0.05 acres ground leased through 2035) (4) 
Lucida, 86th Street and Lexington Avenue, NY 
(ground leased through 2082) (39 units) 

501 Broadway, NY 
1100 Lincoln Road, Miami, FL 
Total Real Estate Fund 

Our Ownership Interest 

Other: 

Rosslyn Plaza (197 units)(1) 
Wayne Towne Center, Wayne 

(ground leased through 2064) 

Annapolis 

(ground leased through 2042) 

Fashion Centre Mall(1) 
Washington Tower(1) 

Total Other 

% 
Ownership   

Type 

% 
Occupancy 

In Service   

Square Feet 

Under 
Development  
or Not  
Available  
for Lease 

100.0 %  
50.0 %  

Office / 
Retail/Showroom  
Retail  

70.0 %  
70.0 %  
70.0 %  

Office  
Office / Retail  
Office / Retail  

94.8 %  
89.5 %  
94.7 %  

94.7 %  

99.3 %  
100.0 %  
n/a   
99.4 %  

99.4 %  

3,675,000 
19,000   
3,694,000   
3,685,000   

1,508,000   
235,000   
—   
1,743,000   
1,220,000   

— 
—   
—   
—   

—   
—   
78,000   
78,000   
55,000   

Total 
Property 

3,675,000 
19,000  
3,694,000  

3,685,000  

1,508,000  
235,000  
78,000  
1,821,000  

1,275,000  

75.3 %  

Office / 
Retail/Hotel  

100 %  Retail / Residential  
Retail  
100 %  
Retail / Theatre  
100 %  

97.6 % 

243,000 

— 

243,000 

(2) 

100.0 % 
100.0 %  
86.9 %  
94.1 %  

94.5 %  

155,000 
9,000   
130,000   
537,000   
154,000   

— 
—   
—   
—   
—   

155,000 
9,000  
130,000  
537,000  

154,000  

46.2 %  Office / Residential  

(2) 

61.6 % 

685,000 

304,000 

989,000 

100 %  

100 %  
7.5 %  
7.5 %  

Retail  

Retail  
Retail  
Office  

100.0 %  

100.0 %  
99.6 %  
100.0 %  
92.5 %  

671,000 

6,000 

677,000 

128,000 
868,000   
170,000   
2,522,000   
1,187,000   

— 
—   
—   
310,000   
146,000   

128,000 
868,000  
170,000  
2,832,000  

1,333,000  

Our Ownership Interest 
________________________________________ 
(1)  Denotes property not consolidated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related financial data included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K. 
(2)  Excludes residential occupancy statistics. 
(3)  We own a 25% interest in the Fund. The ownership percentage in this section represents the Fund's ownership in the underlying assets. 
(4)  We own a 32.9% economic interest through the Fund and the Crowne Plaza Joint Venture. 

92.8 %  

28 

 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
   
  
   
 
 
   
   
   
  
 
 
   
  
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
   
  
   
 
 
   
   
   
  
 
 
   
  
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
  
   
 
 
   
   
   
  
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
   
  
   
 
 
   
   
   
  
 
 
NEW YORK 

As of December 31, 2018, our New York segment consisted of 27.9 million square feet in 87 properties. The 27.9 million square feet is 
comprised of 19.9 million square feet of office in 36 properties, 2.6 million square feet of retail in 71 properties, 1,999 units in eleven 
residential properties, the 1.4 million square foot Hotel Pennsylvania, and our 32.4% interest in Alexander’s, which owns seven properties 
in the greater New York metropolitan area. The New York segment also includes 10 garages totaling 1.7 million square feet (4,875 spaces) 
which are managed by, or leased to, third parties. 

New York lease terms generally range from five to seven years for smaller tenants to as long as 20 years for major tenants, and may 
provide for extension options at market rates. Leases typically provide for periodic step-ups in rent over the term of the lease and pass 
through to tenants their share of increases in real estate taxes and operating expenses over a base year. Electricity is provided to tenants on a 
sub-metered basis or included in rent based on surveys and adjusted for subsequent utility rate increases. Leases also typically provide for 
free rent and tenant improvement allowances for all or a portion of the tenant’s initial construction costs of its premises. 

As of December 31, 2018, the occupancy rate for our New York segment was 97.0%. 

Occupancy and weighted average annual rent per square foot (in service): 

Office: 

Retail: 

Vornado's Ownership Interest 

As of December 31, 

Total 
Property 
Square Feet 

Square Feet 

Occupancy 
Rate 

2018 
2017 
2016 
2015 
2014 

19,858,000   
20,256,000   
20,227,000   
19,918,000   
18,785,000   

16,632,000   
16,982,000   
16,962,000   
16,734,000   
15,730,925   

Weighted 
Average Annual 
Rent Per 
Square Foot 

74.04  
71.09  
68.90  
66.42  
65.31  

97.2 %   $ 
97.1 %  
96.3 %  
97.1 %  
97.7 %  

Vornado's Ownership Interest 

As of December 31, 

Total 
Property  
Square Feet 

Square Feet 

Occupancy 
Rate 

2018 
2017 
2016 
2015 
2014 

2,648,000   
2,720,000   
2,672,000   
2,596,000   
2,436,000   

2,419,000   
2,471,000   
2,464,000   
2,396,000   
2,176,000   

Weighted 
Average Annual  
Rent Per  
Square Foot 

228.43  
217.17  
213.85  
202.72  
173.55  

97.3 %   $ 
96.9 %  
97.1 %  
96.1 %  
96.4 %  

Occupancy and average monthly rent per unit (in service): 

Residential: 

As of December 31, 

Number of Units 

Number of Units 

Vornado's Ownership Interest 

Occupancy 
Rate 

Average Monthly 
Rent Per Unit 

2018   
2017   
2016  (1) 
2015   
2014   

1,999   
2,009   
2,004   
1,711   
1,678   

963   
981   
977   
886   
855   

96.6 %   $ 
96.7 %  
95.7 %  
95.0 %  
95.2 %  

3,803  
3,722  
3,576  
3,495  
3,146  

________________________________________ 
(1) 

Includes The Alexander Apartment Tower (32.4% ownership) from the date of stabilization in the third quarter of 2016. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NEW YORK – CONTINUED 

Tenants accounting for 2% or more of revenues: 

Tenant 

Swatch Group USA 
IPG and affiliates 
Macy's 
AXA Equitable Life Insurance 

2018 rental revenue by tenants’ industry: 

Industry 

Office: 

Financial Services 
Advertising/Marketing 
Communications 
Family Apparel 
Technology 
Legal Services 
Insurance 
Real Estate 
Publishing 
Home Entertainment & Electronics 
Government 
Banking 
Engineering, Architect & Surveying 
Health Services 
Pharmaceutical 
Other 

Retail: 

Women's Apparel 
Family Apparel 
Luxury Retail 
Restaurants 
Banking 
Department Stores 
Discount Stores 
Other 

Total 

Square Feet 
Leased 

2018 
Revenues 

32,000    $ 
924,000   
646,000   
481,000   

62,636,000   
59,712,000   
42,402,000   
41,752,000   

Percentage of 
New York 
Total 
Revenues 

Percentage 
of Total 
Revenues 

3.4 %  
3.3 %  
2.3 %  
2.3 %  

Percentage 

2.9 % 
2.8 % 
2.0 % 
1.9 % 

14 % 
8 % 
7 % 
5 % 
5 % 
4 % 
4 % 
3 % 
3 % 
3 % 
2 % 
2 % 
2 % 
1 % 
1 % 
7 % 
71 % 

7 % 
7 % 
6 % 
2 % 
1 % 
1 % 
1 % 
4 % 
29 % 

100 % 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
NEW YORK – CONTINUED 

Lease expirations as of December 31, 2018, assuming none of the tenants exercise renewal options: 

Year 

Number of 
Expiring Leases 

Square Feet of 
Expiring Leases(1) 

Percentage of 
New York Square 
Feet 

Weighted Average Annual 
Rent of Expiring Leases 

Total 

  Per Square Foot 

  $ 

12 
69 
110 
133 
82 
87 
98 
54 
76 
69 
54 

0.3% 
3.9% 
7.8% 
7.5% 
4.5% 
12.4% 
8.8% 
5.1% 
7.8% 
7.0% 
6.4% 

47,000    
627,000    
1,240,000    
1,188,000    
709,000    
1,971,000   (3) 
1,391,000    
804,000    
1,236,000    
1,118,000    
1,022,000    

5,010,000    $ 
41,116,000   
86,369,000   
92,419,000   
47,069,000   
159,774,000   
109,744,000   
60,228,000   
93,992,000   
81,535,000   
72,762,000   

Office: 
Month to month 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 
Retail: 
Month to month 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 
________________________________________ 
(1)  Excludes storage, vacancy and other. 
(2)  Based on current market conditions, we expect to re-lease this space at rents between $68 to $78 per square foot. 
(3)  Excludes 492,000 square feet leased at 909 Third Avenue to the U.S. Post Office through 2038 (including three 5-year renewal options) for which the annual escalated 

9,355,000    $ 
26,474,000   
16,051,000   
9,589,000   
7,207,000   
44,107,000   
84,487,000   
19,220,000   
44,523,000   
22,719,000   
18,457,000   

106.60    
65.58   (2) 
69.65    
77.79    
66.39    
81.06    
78.90    
74.91    
76.05    
72.93    
71.20    

131.76    
257.03   (4) 
195.74    
165.33    
248.52    
400.97    
283.51    
457.62    
332.26    
709.97    
410.16    

71,000    
103,000    
82,000    
58,000    
29,000    
110,000    
298,000    
42,000    
134,000    
32,000    
45,000    

3.7% 
5.4% 
4.3% 
3.0% 
1.5% 
5.8% 
15.6% 
2.2% 
7.0% 
1.7% 
2.4% 

20 
27 
23 
15 
9 
18 
22 
11 
17 
11 
16 

  $ 

rent is $12.99 per square foot. 

(4)  Based on current market conditions, we expect to re-lease this space at rents between $250 to $275 per square foot. 

Alexander’s 

As of December 31, 2018, we own 32.4% of the outstanding common stock of Alexander’s, which owns seven properties in the greater 
New York metropolitan area aggregating 2.4 million square feet, including 731 Lexington Avenue, the 1.3 million square foot Bloomberg 
L.P. headquarters building. Alexander’s had $1.16 billion of outstanding debt, net, at December 31, 2018, of which our pro rata share was 
$376.2 million, none of which is recourse to us. 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

We own the Hotel Pennsylvania which is located in New York City on Seventh Avenue at 33rd Street in the heart of the Penn District 
and consists of a hotel portion containing 1,000,000 square feet of hotel space with 1,700 rooms and a commercial portion containing 
400,000 square feet of retail and office space. 

2018 

2017 

2016 

2015 

2014 

Year Ended December 31, 

Hotel Pennsylvania: 

Average occupancy rate 
Average daily rate 
Revenue per available room 

$ 

86.4 %  
138.35     $ 
119.47    

87.3 %  
139.09     $ 
121.46    

84.7 %  
134.38     $ 
113.84    

90.7 %  
147.46     $ 
133.69    

92.0 % 

162.01  
149.04  

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
OTHER INVESTMENTS 

theMART 

As of December 31, 2018, we own the 3.7 million square foot theMART in Chicago, whose largest tenant is Motorola Mobility at 
609,000 square feet, the lease of which is guaranteed by Google. theMART is encumbered by a $675,000,000 mortgage loan that bears 
interest at a fixed rate of 2.70% and matures in September 2021. As of December 31, 2018, theMART had an occupancy rate of 94.7% and 
a weighted average annual rent per square foot of $48.16. 

555 California Street 

As of December 31, 2018, we own a 70% controlling interest in a three-building office complex containing 1.8 million square feet, 
known as the Bank of America Center, located at California and Montgomery Streets in San Francisco’s financial district (“555 California 
Street”). 555 California Street is encumbered by a $558,914,000 mortgage loan that bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.10% and matures in 
September 2021. As of December 31, 2018, 555 California Street had an occupancy rate of 99.4% and a weighted average annual rent per 
square foot of $75.60. 

Vornado Capital Partners Real Estate Fund (the “Fund”) and Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel Joint Venture (the “Crowne Plaza 
Joint Venture”) 

As of December 31, 2018, we own a 25.0% interest in the Fund, which currently has four investments, one of which is the Crowne 
Plaza Times Square Hotel in which we also own an additional interest through the Crowne Plaza Joint Venture. We are the general partner 
and investment manager of the Fund. As of December 31, 2018, these four investments are carried on our consolidated balance sheet at an 
aggregate  fair  value  of  $318,758,000,  including  the  Crowne  Plaza  Joint Venture. As  of  December  31,  2018,  our  share  of  unfunded 
commitments was $16,119,000. 

ITEM 3.  

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 

We are from time to time involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, after consultation with 
legal counsel, the outcome of such matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations 
or cash flows. 

ITEM 4.  

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 

Not applicable. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II 

ITEM 5.  

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER 
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 

Vornado Realty Trust 

Vornado’s common shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “VNO.” 

As of February 1, 2019, there were 935 holders of record of Vornado common shares. 

Vornado Realty L.P. 

There is no established trading market for the Operating Partnership's Class A units. Class A units that are not held by Vornado may be 
tendered for redemption to the Operating Partnership for cash; Vornado, at its option, may assume that obligation and pay the holder either 
cash or Vornado common shares on a one-for-one basis. Because the number of Vornado common shares outstanding at all times equals the 
number of Class A units owned by Vornado, the redemption value of each Class A unit is equivalent to the market value of one Vornado 
common  share,  and  the  quarterly  distribution  to  a  Class A  unitholder  is  equal  to  the  quarterly  dividend  paid  to  a Vornado  common 
shareholder. 

As of February 1, 2019, there were 984 Class A unitholders of record. 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities 

During 2018, the Operating Partnership issued 915,834 Class A units in connection with equity awards issued pursuant to Vornado’s 
omnibus share plan, including with respect to grants of restricted Vornado common shares and restricted units of the Operating Partnership 
and upon conversion, surrender or exchange of the Operating Partnership’s units or Vornado stock options, and consideration received 
included $19,078,596 in cash proceeds. Such units were issued in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the 
Securities Act of 1933, as amended. 

From time to time, in connection with equity awards granted under our Omnibus Share Plan, we may withhold common shares for tax 
purposes or acquire common shares as part of the payment of the exercise price. Although we treat these as repurchases for certain financial 
statement purposes, these withheld or acquired shares are not considered by us as repurchases for this purpose. 

Information relating to compensation plans under which Vornado’s equity securities are authorized for issuance is set forth under Part 

III, Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and such information is incorporated by reference herein. 

Recent Purchases of Equity Securities 

None. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance Graph 

The following graph is a comparison of the five-year cumulative return of Vornado’s common shares, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index 
(the “S&P 500 Index”) and the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts’ (“NAREIT”) All Equity Index, a peer group index. 
The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2013 in our common shares, the S&P 500 Index and the NAREIT All Equity 
Index and that all dividends were reinvested without the payment of any commissions. There can be no assurance that the performance of 
our shares will continue in line with the same or similar trends depicted in the graph below. 

Vornado Realty Trust 

S&P 500 Index 

The NAREIT All Equity Index 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

$ 

100    $ 
100   
100   

136    $ 
114   
128   

131    $ 
115   
132   

141    $ 
129   
143   

135    $ 
157   
155   

111  
150  
149  

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 6.  

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 

Vornado Realty Trust 

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

2015 

2014 

Operating Data: 

REVENUES: 

Property rentals 

Tenant expense reimbursements 

Fee and other income 

Total revenues 

EXPENSES: 

Operating 

Depreciation and amortization 

General and administrative 

(Benefit) expense from deferred compensation plan liability 

Transaction related costs, impairment loss and other 

Total expenses 

Operating income 

Income (loss) from partially owned entities 

(Loss) income from real estate fund investments 

Interest and other investment income, net 

(Loss) income from deferred compensation plan assets 

Interest and debt expense 

Purchase price fair value adjustment 

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets 

Income before income taxes 

Income tax (expense) benefit 

Income from continuing operations 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations 

Net income 

Less net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in: 

Consolidated subsidiaries 

Operating Partnership 

Net income attributable to Vornado 

Preferred share dividends 

Preferred share issuance costs 

NET INCOME attributable to common shareholders 

Per Share Data: 

Income from continuing operations, net - basic 

Income from continuing operations, net - diluted 

Net income per common share - basic 

Net income per common share - diluted 

Dividends per common share 

Balance Sheet Data: 

Total assets 

Real estate, at cost 

Accumulated depreciation and amortization 

Debt, net 

Total equity 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1,760,205    $ 
247,128   
156,387   
2,163,720   

$ 

1,662,093    $ 
221,563   
120,086   
2,003,742   

1,714,952    
233,424    
135,750    
2,084,126    

886,596    
429,389    
150,782    
6,932    
1,776    
1,475,475    
608,651    
15,200    
3,240    
30,861    
6,932    
(345,654 )   
—    

501 
319,731    
(42,375 )   
277,356    
(13,228 )   
264,128    

(25,802 )   
(10,910 )   
227,416    
(65,399 )   
—    
162,017    

0.92   
0.91   
0.85   
0.85   
2.62   (1) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

963,478   
446,570   
141,871   
(2,480 )  
31,320   
1,580,759   
582,961   
9,149   
(89,231 )  
17,057   
(2,480 )  
(347,949 )  
44,060   

246,031 
459,598   
(37,633 )  
421,965   
638   
422,603   

53,023   
(25,672 )  
449,954   
(50,636 )  
(14,486 )  
384,832    $ 

2.02    $ 
2.01   
2.02   
2.01   
2.52    

844,566   
421,023   
143,643   
5,213   
9,451   
1,423,896   
579,846   
168,948   
(23,602 )  
24,335   
5,213   
(330,240 )  
—   

160,433 
584,933   
(7,923 )  
577,010   
404,912   
981,922   

(21,351 )  
(53,654 )  
906,917   
(75,903 )  
(7,408 )  
823,606    $ 

2.35    $ 
2.34   
4.36   
4.34   
2.52    

____________________ 
(1)  Post spin-off of JBG SMITH Properties (NYSE: JBGS) on July 17, 2017. 
(2)  Post spin-off of Urban Edge Properties (NYSE: UE) on January 15, 2015. 

35 

1,626,866   
218,739   
139,890   
1,985,495   

824,511   
379,803   
148,982   
111   
12,511   
1,365,918   
619,577   
(9,947 )  
74,081   
27,129   
111   
(309,298 )  
—   

149,417 
551,070   
84,849   
635,919   
223,511   
859,430   

(55,765 )  
(43,231 )  
760,434   
(80,578 )  
—   
679,856   

2.49   
2.48   
3.61   
3.59   
2.52   (2) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1,460,391  
203,120  
128,657  
1,792,168  

768,341  
351,583  
130,256  
11,557  
18,435  
1,280,172  
511,996  
(58,484 ) 
163,034  
27,012  
11,557  
(337,360 ) 
—  

13,568 
331,323  
(9,157 ) 
322,166  
686,860  
1,009,026  

(96,561 ) 

(47,613 ) 
864,852  
(81,464 ) 
—  
783,388  

0.73  
0.72  
4.18  
4.15  
2.92  

21,157,980  
12,438,940  
(2,209,778 ) 
7,557,877  
7,489,382  

17,180,794    $ 
16,237,883   
(3,180,175 )  
9,836,621   
5,107,883   

17,397,934    
14,756,295    
(2,885,283 )   
9,729,487    
5,007,701    

20,814,847    $ 
14,187,820   
(2,581,514 )  
9,446,670   
7,618,496   

21,143,293   
13,545,295   
(2,356,728 )  
9,095,670   
7,476,078   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
ITEM  6. 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA – CONTINUED 

Vornado Realty Trust 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Other Data: 

Funds From Operations ("FFO")(1): 

2018 

2017 

2016 

2015 

2014 

Year Ended December 31, 

Net income attributable to common shareholders 

$ 

384,832     $ 

162,017     $ 

823,606     $ 

679,856     $ 

783,388  

FFO adjustments: 

Depreciation and amortization of real property 

Net gains on sale of real estate 

Real estate impairment losses 

Decrease in fair value of marketable securities 

After-tax purchase price fair value adjustment on depreciable real 

estate 

Proportionate share of adjustments to equity in net income (loss) of 

partially owned entities to arrive at FFO: 

Depreciation and amortization of real property 

Net gains on sale of real estate 

Real estate impairment losses 

Decrease in fair value of marketable securities 

Income tax effect of above adjustments 

Noncontrolling interests' share of above adjustments 

FFO adjustments, net 

FFO attributable to common shareholders 

Convertible preferred share dividends 

Earnings allocated to Out-Performance Plan units 

FFO attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversions(1) 

$ 

413,091    
(158,138 )  
12,000    
26,453    

(27,289 )  

101,591    
(3,998 )  
—    
3,882    
—    
367,592    
(22,746 )  
344,846    

467,966    
(3,797 )  
—    
—    

531,620    
(177,023 )  
160,700    
—    

514,085    
(289,117 )  
256    
—    

517,493  
(507,192 ) 
26,518  
—  

— 

— 

— 

— 

137,000    
(17,777 )  
7,692    
—    
—    
591,084    
(36,420 )  
554,664    

154,795    
(2,853 )  
6,328    
—    
—    
673,567    
(41,267 )  
632,300    

143,960    
(4,513 )  
16,758    
—    
—    
381,429    
(22,342 )  
359,087    

729,678    
62    
—    
729,740     $ 

716,681    
77    
1,047    
717,805     $ 

1,455,906    
86    
1,591    
1,457,583     $ 

1,038,943    
92    
—    

1,039,035     $ 

117,766  
(11,580 ) 
—  
—  
(7,287 ) 
135,718  

(8,073 ) 
127,645  

911,033  
97  
—  
911,130  

________________________________________ 
(1)  FFO is computed in accordance with the definition adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”). 
NAREIT defines FFO as GAAP net income or loss adjusted to exclude net gains from sales of depreciable real estate assets, real estate impairment losses, depreciation 
and amortization expense from real estate assets and other specified items, including the pro rata share of such adjustments of unconsolidated subsidiaries. FFO and FFO 
per diluted share are non-GAAP financial measures used by our management, investors and analysts to facilitate meaningful comparisons of operating performance 
between periods and among our peers because it excludes the effect of real estate depreciation and amortization and net gains on sales, which are based on historical 
costs and implicitly assume that the value of real estate diminishes predictably over time, rather than fluctuating based on existing market conditions. FFO does not 
represent cash generated from operating activities and is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash requirements and should not be considered as an 
alternative to net income as a performance measure or cash flow as a liquidity measure. FFO may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other 
companies. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
ITEM  6. 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA – CONTINUED 

Vornado Realty L.P. 

(Amounts in thousands, except per unit amounts) 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

2015 

2014 

Operating Data: 

REVENUES: 

Property rentals 

Tenant expense reimbursements 

Fee and other income 

Total revenues 

EXPENSES: 

Operating 

Depreciation and amortization 

General and administrative 

(Benefit) expense from deferred compensation plan liability 

Transaction related costs, impairment loss and other 

Total expenses 

Operating income 

Income (loss) from partially owned entities 

(Loss) income from real estate fund investments 

Interest and other investment income, net 

(Loss) income from deferred compensation plan assets 

Interest and debt expense 

Purchase price fair value adjustment 

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets 

Income before income taxes 

Income tax (expense) benefit 

Income from continuing operations 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations 

Net income 

Less net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in 

consolidated subsidiaries 

Net income attributable to Vornado Realty L.P. 

Preferred unit distributions 

Preferred share issuance costs 

NET INCOME attributable to Class A unitholders 

Per Unit Data: 

Income from continuing operations, net - basic 

Income from continuing operations, net - diluted 

Net income per Class A unit - basic 

Net income per Class A unit - diluted 

Distributions per Class A unit 

Balance Sheet Data: 

Total assets 

Real estate, at cost 

Accumulated depreciation and amortization 

Debt, net 

Total equity 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1,760,205    $ 
247,128   
156,387   
2,163,720   

$ 

1,662,093    $ 
221,563   
120,086   
2,003,742   

1,714,952   
233,424   
135,750   
2,084,126   

886,596   
429,389   
150,782   
6,932   
1,776   
1,475,475   
608,651   
15,200   
3,240   
30,861   
6,932   
(345,654 )  
—   

501 
319,731   
(42,375 )  
277,356   
(13,228 )  
264,128   

(25,802 )  
238,326   
(65,593 )  
—   
172,733   

0.91   
0.90   
0.84   
0.83   
2.62   (1) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

963,478   
446,570   
141,871   
(2,480 )  
31,320   
1,580,759   
582,961   
9,149   
(89,231 )  
17,057   
(2,480 )  
(347,949 )  
44,060   

246,031 
459,598   
(37,633 )  
421,965   
638   
422,603   

53,023 
475,626   
(50,830 )  
(14,486 )  
410,310    $ 

2.01    $ 
2.00   
2.02   
2.00   
2.52    

844,566   
421,023   
143,643   
5,213   
9,451   
1,423,896   
579,846   
168,948   
(23,602 )  
24,335   
5,213   
(330,240 )  
—   

160,433 
584,933   
(7,923 )  
577,010   
404,912   
981,922   

(21,351 )  
960,571   
(76,097 )  
(7,408 )  
877,066    $ 

2.34    $ 
2.32   
4.36   
4.32   
2.52    

1,626,866   
218,739   
139,890   
1,985,495   

824,511   
379,803   
148,982   
111   
12,511   
1,365,918   
619,577   
(9,947 )  
74,081   
27,129   
111   
(309,298 )  
—   

149,417 
551,070   
84,849   
635,919   
223,511   
859,430   

(55,765 )  
803,665   
(80,736 )  
—   
722,929   

2.49   
2.46   
3.61   
3.57   
2.52   (2) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1,460,391  
203,120  
128,657  
1,792,168  

768,341  
351,583  
130,256  
11,557  
18,435  
1,280,172  
511,996  
(58,484 ) 
163,034  
27,012  
11,557  
(337,360 ) 
—  

13,568 
331,323  
(9,157 ) 
322,166  
686,860  
1,009,026  

(96,561 ) 
912,465  

(81,514 ) 
—  
830,951  

0.71  
0.70  
4.17  
4.14  
2.92  

21,157,980  
12,438,940  
(2,209,778 ) 
7,557,877  
7,489,382  

17,180,794    $ 
16,237,883   
(3,180,175 )  
9,836,621   
5,107,883   

17,397,934   
14,756,295   
(2,885,283 )  
9,729,487   
5,007,701   

20,814,847    $ 
14,187,820   
(2,581,514 )  
9,446,670   
7,618,496   

21,143,293   
13,545,295   
(2,356,728 )  
9,095,670   
7,476,078   

________________________________________ 
(1)  Post spin-off of JBG SMITH (NYSE: JBGS) on July 17, 2017. 
(2)  Post spin-off of Urban Edge Properties (NYSE: UE) on January 15, 2015. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
ITEM 7.  

MANAGEMENT'S  DISCUSSION  AND  ANALYSIS  OF  FINANCIAL  CONDITION  AND  RESULTS  OF 
OPERATIONS 

Overview 

Overview - Leasing activity 

Critical Accounting Policies 

Net Operating Income At Share by Segment for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Results of Operations: 

Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 

Supplemental Information: 

Net Operating Income At Share by Segment for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 

Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 

Net Operating Income At Share by Segment for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 and September 30, 

2018 

Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to September 30, 2018 

Related Party Transactions 

Liquidity and Capital Resources 

Financing Activities and Contractual Obligations 

Certain Future Cash Requirements 

Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 

Capital Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 

Capital Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2017 

Capital Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Funds From Operations for the Three Months and Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 

Page Number 

39 

46 

49 

52 

55 

62 

69 

72 

74 

77 

79 

80 

81 

83 

86 

88 

89 

90 

91 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview 

Vornado Realty Trust (“Vornado”) is a fully-integrated real estate investment trust (“REIT”) and conducts its business through, and 
substantially  all  of  its  interests  in  properties  are  held  by,  Vornado  Realty  L.P.,  a  Delaware  limited  partnership  (the  “Operating 
Partnership”). Accordingly, Vornado’s cash flow and ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is dependent upon the cash flow of the 
Operating Partnership and the ability of its direct and indirect subsidiaries to first satisfy their obligations to creditors. Vornado is the sole 
general  partner  of,  and  owned  approximately  93.4%  of  the  common  limited  partnership  interest  in  the  Operating  Partnership  as  of 
December 31, 2018. All references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean collectively Vornado, the Operating Partnership and 
those entities/subsidiaries consolidated by Vornado. 

We own and operate office and retail properties with a concentration in the New York City metropolitan area. In addition, we have a 
32.4% interest in Alexander’s, Inc. (“Alexander’s”) (NYSE: ALX), which owns seven properties in the greater New York metropolitan area, 
as well as interests in other real estate and related investments. 

Our business objective is to maximize Vornado shareholder value, which we measure by the total return provided to our shareholders. 
Below is a table comparing Vornado’s performance to the FTSE NAREIT Office Index (“Office REIT”) and the MSCI US REIT Index 
(“MSCI”) for the following periods ended December 31, 2018: 

Three-month 
One-year 
Three-year 
Five-year 
Ten-year 

Total Return(1) 

Vornado 

Office REIT 

MSCI 

(14.2 )%  
(17.8 )%  
(15.6 )%  
10.6  %  
101.8  %  

(11.9 )%  
(14.5 )%  
1.8  %  
28.5  %  
146.7  %  

(6.7 )%  
(4.6 )%  
8.9  %  
45.6  %  
215.5  %  

____________________ 

(1)  Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future performance. 

We intend to achieve this objective by continuing to pursue our investment philosophy and to execute our operating strategies through: 

•   maintaining a superior team of operating and investment professionals and an entrepreneurial spirit; 
•  

investing in properties in select markets, such as New York City, where we believe there is a high likelihood of capital 
appreciation; 
acquiring quality properties at a discount to replacement cost and where there is a significant potential for higher rents; 
investing in retail properties in select under-stored locations such as the New York City metropolitan area; 

•  
•  
•   developing and redeveloping our existing properties to increase returns and maximize value; and 
•  

investing in operating companies that have a significant real estate component. 

We expect to finance our growth, acquisitions and investments using internally generated funds, proceeds from asset sales and by 
accessing the public and private capital markets. We may also offer Vornado common or preferred shares or Operating Partnership units in 
exchange for property and may repurchase or otherwise reacquire these securities in the future. 

We compete with a large number of real estate property owners and developers, some of which may be willing to accept lower returns 
on their investments. Principal factors of competition are rents charged, sales prices, attractiveness of location, the quality of the property 
and the breadth and the quality of services provided. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends of the global, national, regional 
and local economies, the financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants and customers, availability and cost of 
capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations, legislation, population and employment trends. See “Risk 
Factors” in Item 1A for additional information regarding these factors. 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview - continued 

Vornado Realty Trust 

Quarter Ended December 31, 2018 Financial Results Summary 

Net income attributable to common shareholders for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 was $100,494,000, or $0.53 per diluted 
share, compared to $27,319,000, or $0.14 per diluted share, for the prior year’s quarter. The quarters ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
include certain items that impact net income attributable to common shareholders, which are listed in the table on page 41. The aggregate of 
these items, net of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, increased net income attributable to common shareholders for  the 
quarter  ended  December  31,  2018  by  $49,504,000,  or  $0.26  per  diluted  share,  and  decreased  net  income  attributable  to  common 
shareholders for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 by $38,471,000, or $0.20 per diluted share. 

Funds From Operations (“FFO”) attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversions for the quarter ended December 31, 
2018 was $210,100,000, or $1.10 per diluted share, compared to $153,151,000, or $0.80 per diluted share, for the prior year’s quarter. The 
quarters ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 include certain items that impact FFO, which are listed in the table on page 42. The aggregate 
of  these  items,  net  of  amounts  attributable  to  noncontrolling  interests,  increased  FFO  for  the  quarter  ended  December  31,  2018  by 
$38,673,000, or $0.20 per diluted share and decreased FFO for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 by $33,974,000, or $0.18 per diluted 
share. 

Year Ended December 31, 2018 Financial Results Summary 

Net income attributable to common shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $384,832,000, or $2.01 per diluted share, 
compared to $162,017,000, or $0.85 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2017. The years ended December 31, 2018 and 
2017 include certain items that impact net income attributable to common shareholders, which are listed in the table on page  41. The 
aggregate of these items, net of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, increased net income attributable to common shareholders 
for the year ended December 31, 2018 by $140,938,000, or $0.74 per diluted share, and decreased net income attributable to common 
shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2017 by $90,847,000, or $0.47 per diluted share. 

FFO attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversions for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $729,740,000, or 
$3.82 per diluted share, compared to $717,805,000, or $3.75 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2017. The years ended 
December 31, 2018 and 2017 include certain items that impact FFO, which are listed in the table on page 42. The aggregate of these items, 
net of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, increased FFO by $10,980,000 and $4,782,000, or $0.06 and $0.02 per diluted share, 
for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview - continued 

Vornado Realty Trust - continued 

The  following table reconciles the  difference between our  net income attributable to common shareholders and our net income 

attributable to common shareholders, as adjusted: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

For the Three Months Ended 
December 31, 

For the Year Ended 
December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2018 

2017 

Certain (income) expense items that impact net income attributable to common 

shareholders: 

After-tax net gain on sale of 220 Central Park South condominium units 

$ 

(67,336 )   $ 

—    $ 

(67,336 )   $ 

After-tax purchase price fair value adjustment related to the increase in ownership of 

the Farley joint venture 

Our share of loss (income) from real estate fund investments (excluding our $4,252 

share of One Park Avenue potential additional transfer taxes) 

Real estate impairment losses (including our share of partially owned entities) 

Decrease in fair value of marketable securities resulting from a new GAAP accounting 
standard effective January 1, 2018 (including our share of partially owned entities) 

(Income) loss from discontinued operations and sold properties (primarily related to 
JBG SMITH Properties operating results and transaction costs through July 17, 
2017 spin-off and 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium operations through 
August 3, 2018 sale) 

Tax expense related to the reduction of our taxable REIT subsidiaries deferred tax 

assets 

Net gains on sale of real estate (including our share of partially owned entities) 

Net gain on sale of our ownership interests in 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium 

Net gain on the repayment of our loan investment in 666 Fifth Avenue Office 

Condominium 

Our share of potential additional New York City transfer taxes based on a Tax Tribunal 

interpretation which Vornado is appealing 

Preferred share issuance costs 

Impairment loss on investment in Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust 

("PREIT") 

Net gain resulting from Urban Edge Properties ("UE") operating partnership unit 

issuances 

Net gain on repayment of our Suffolk Downs JV debt investments 

Other 

Noncontrolling interests' share of above adjustments 

(27,289 )  

24,366 
12,000   

3,733 

— 

(529 )  
145   

(27,289 )  

23,749 
12,000   

—  

— 

10,804 
7,692  

— 

30,335 

— 

(242 )  

1,664 

5,727 

43,615 

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 
—   
1,996   
(52,772 )  
3,268   

34,800 
(585 )  
—   

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 
—   
5,515   
41,010   
(2,539 )  

— 
(28,104 )  
(134,032 )  

(7,308 )  

23,503 
14,486   

34,800 

(21,574 ) 
—  

— 

— 
—  

— 

44,465 

— 
—   
4,046   
(150,223 )  
9,285   

(21,100 ) 

(11,373 ) 
9,900  
97,229  

(6,382 ) 

Total of certain (income) expense items that impact net income attributable to common 

shareholders 

$ 

(49,504 )   $ 

38,471 

  $ 

(140,938 )   $ 

90,847 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview - continued 

Vornado Realty Trust - continued 

The following table reconciles the difference between our FFO attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversions and our 

FFO attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversions, as adjusted: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

For the Three Months Ended 
December 31, 

For the Year Ended 
December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2018 

2017 

Certain (income) expense items that impact FFO attributable to common shareholders 

plus assumed conversions: 

After-tax net gain on sale of 220 Central Park South condominium units 

$ 

(67,336 )   $ 

—    $ 

(67,336 )   $ 

—  

Our share of FFO from real estate fund investments (excluding our $4,252 share of 

One Park Avenue potential additional transfer taxes) 

FFO from discontinued operations and sold properties (primarily related to JBG 

SMITH Properties operating results and transaction costs through July 17, 2017 
spin-off and 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium operations through August 3, 
2018 sale) 

Tax expense related to the reduction of our taxable REIT subsidiaries deferred tax 

assets 

Our share of potential additional New York City transfer taxes based on a Tax Tribunal 

interpretation which Vornado is appealing 

Preferred share issuance costs 

Net gain on the repayment of our loan investment in 666 Fifth Avenue Office 

Condominium 

Impairment loss on investment in PREIT 

Net gain resulting from UE operating partnership unit issuances 

Net gain on repayment of our Suffolk Downs JV debt investments 

Other 

Noncontrolling interests' share of above adjustments 

24,366 

(529 )  

23,749 

10,804 

(242 )  

(4,006 )  

(2,834 )  

(73,240 ) 

— 

— 
—   

— 
—   
—   
—   
1,987   
(41,225 )  
2,552   

34,800 

— 

34,800 

— 
—   

— 
—   
—   
—   
5,951   
36,216   
(2,242 )  

23,503 
14,486   

(7,308 )  
—   
—   
—   
4,033   
(11,707 )  
727   

— 
—  

— 
44,465  
(21,100 ) 

(11,373 ) 
10,328  
(5,316 ) 
534  

Total of certain (income) expense items that impact FFO attributable to common 

shareholders plus assumed conversions, net 

$ 

(38,673 )   $ 

33,974 

  $ 

(10,980 )   $ 

(4,782 ) 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview - continued 

Same Store Net Operating Income ("NOI") At Share 

The percentage increase (decrease) in same store NOI at share and same store NOI at share - cash basis of our New York segment, 

theMART and 555 California Street are summarized below. 

Same store NOI at share % increase (decrease): 

Year ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 

Year ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016 

Three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 

Three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to September 30, 2018 

Same store NOI at share - cash basis % increase (decrease): 

Year ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 

Year ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016 

Three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 

Three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to September 30, 2018 

________________________________________ 

Total 

  New York(1)   

theMART 

555 
California 
Street 

(12.2 )%  (2) 
4.2  %  (3) 
(56.6 )%  (2) 
(58.0 )%  (2) 

(6.5 )%  (2) 
7.6  %  (3) 
(49.8 )%  (2) 
(52.9 )%  (2) 

14.9 % 

1.9 % 

16.8 % 

3.8 % 

18.1 % 

36.0 % 

15.8 % 

5.7 % 

0.8  %  
2.7  %  
(6.3 )%  
(5.3 )%  

3.9  %  
11.8  %  
(1.7 )%  
(4.2 )%  

1.4  %  
2.7  %  
(3.1 )%  
(1.1 )%  

4.3  %  
11.3  %  
1.9  %  
—  %  

Increase 
(Decrease) 

(1)  Excluding Hotel Pennsylvania, same store NOI at share % increase (decrease): 

Year ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 

Year ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016 

Three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 

Three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to September 30, 2018 

Excluding Hotel Pennsylvania, same store NOI at share - cash basis % increase (decrease): 

Year ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 

Year ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016 

Three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 

Three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to September 30, 2018 

1.5  % 

2.3  % 

(3.0 )% 

(1.7 )% 

4.5  % 

11.0  % 

2.1  % 

(0.6 )% 

(2) 

Includes additional real estate tax expense accruals of $15,148,000 and $12,124,000 for the year and three months ended December 31, 2018, respectively, due to an 
increase in the tax-assessed value of theMART. 

(3)  The year ended December 31, 2016 includes a $2,000,000 reversal of an expense accrued in 2015. Excluding this amount, same store NOI at share increased by 6.4% 

and same store NOI at share - cash basis increased by 10.0%. 

Calculations of same store NOI at share, reconciliations of our net income to NOI at share, NOI at share - cash basis and FFO and the 
reasons we consider these non-GAAP financial measures useful are provided in the following pages of Management’s Discussion and 
Analysis of the Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview - continued 

Acquisitions 

537 West 26th Street 

On February 9, 2018, we acquired 537 West 26th Street, a 14,000 square foot commercial property adjacent to our 260 Eleventh 

Avenue office property, and 55,000 square feet of additional zoning air rights for $44,000,000. 

1535 Broadway 

On July 30, 2012, we entered into a lease with Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. (NYSE: HST) (“Host”), under which we redeveloped the 
retail and signage components of the  Marriott Times  Square  Hotel. We accounted  for this  lease as a  “capital lease”  and recorded a 
$240,000,000 capital lease asset and liability. On September 21, 2018, we acquired the retail condominium from Host for $442,000,000 
(inclusive of the $240,000,000 capital lease liability). The original lease transaction provided that we would become the 100% owner 
through a put/call arrangement, based on a pre-negotiated formula. This transaction satisfies the put/call arrangement. Our 100% fee interest 
includes 45,000 square feet of retail, the 1,611 seat Marquis Theater and the largest digital sign in New York with a 330 linear foot, 25,000 
square foot display. 

Farley Office and Retail Building 

On October 30, 2018, we increased our ownership interest in the joint venture that is developing the Farley Office and Retail Building 
to 95.0% from 50.1% by acquiring a 44.9% additional ownership interest from the Related Companies ("Related"). The purchase price was 
$41,500,000 plus the reimbursement of $33,026,000 of costs funded by Related through October 30, 2018. We consolidate the accounts of 
the joint venture as of October 30, 2018. In connection therewith, we recorded a net gain of $44,060,000, which is included in "purchase 
price fair value adjustment" on our consolidated statements of income. As a result of this gain, because we hold our investment in the joint 
venture through a taxable REIT subsidiary, $16,771,000 of income tax expense was recognized on our consolidated statements of income. 

Dispositions 

On January 17, 2018, Vornado Capital Partners Real Estate Fund (the "Fund") completed the sale of the retail condominium at 11 East 
68th Street, a property located on Madison Avenue and 68th Street, for $82,000,000. From the inception of this investment through its 
disposition, the Fund realized a $46,259,000 net gain. 

On June 21, 2018 we completed the $45,000,000 sale of 27 Washington Square North, which resulted in a net gain of $23,559,000 
which is included in "net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets" on our consolidated statements of income.  

On August 3, 2018, we completed the sale of our 49.5% interests in the 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium. We received net 
proceeds of $120,000,000 and recognized a financial statement gain of $134,032,000 which is included in "net gains on disposition of 
wholly owned and partially owned assets" on our consolidated statements of income. The gain for tax purposes  was approximately 
$254,000,000. We continue to own all of the 666 Fifth Avenue Retail Condominium encompassing the Uniqlo, Tissot and Hollister stores 
with 125 linear feet of frontage on Fifth Avenue between 52nd and 53rd Street. Concurrently with the sale of our interests, the existing 
mortgage loan on the property was repaid and we received net proceeds of $55,244,000 for the participation we held in the mortgage loan. 
We recognized a financial statement gain of $7,308,000, which is included in "net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially 
owned assets" on our consolidated statements of income. 

Financings 

Preferred Securities 

On January 4 and 11, 2018, we redeemed all of the outstanding 6.625% Series G and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred 
shares/units  at  their  redemption  price  of  $25.00  per  share/unit,  or  $470,000,000  in  the  aggregate,  plus  accrued  and  unpaid 
dividends/distributions through the date of redemption, and expensed $14,486,000 of previously capitalized issuance costs. 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview - continued 

Financings - continued 

Unsecured Term Loan 

On October 26, 2018, we extended our $750,000,000 unsecured term loan from October 2020 to February 2024. The interest rate on 
the extended unsecured term loan was lowered from LIBOR plus 1.15% to LIBOR plus 1.00% (3.52% as of December 31, 2018). In 
connection with the extension of our unsecured term loan, we entered into an interest rate swap from LIBOR plus 1.00% to a fixed rate of 
3.87% through October 2023. 

Other Financings 

On January 5, 2018, we completed a $100,000,000 refinancing of 33-00 Northern Boulevard (Center Building), a 471,000 square foot 
office building in Long Island City, New York. The seven-year loan is at LIBOR plus 1.80%, which was swapped to a fixed rate of 4.14%. 
We realized net proceeds of approximately $37,200,000 after repayment of the existing 4.43% $59,800,000 mortgage and closing costs. 

On April 19, 2018, the joint venture between the Fund and the Crowne Plaza Joint Venture completed a $255,000,000 refinancing of 
the Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 3.53% (6.00% at December 31, 2018) and matures in May 
2020 with three one-year extension options. In connection therewith, the joint venture purchased an interest rate cap that caps LIBOR at a 
rate of 4.00%. The Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel was previously encumbered by a $310,000,000 interest-only mortgage at LIBOR plus 
2.80%, which was scheduled to mature in December 2018. 

On June 11, 2018, the joint venture that owns Independence Plaza, a three-building 1,327 unit residential complex in the Tribeca 
submarket of Manhattan completed a $675,000,000 refinancing of Independence Plaza. The seven-year interest-only loan matures in July 
2025 and has a fixed rate of 4.25%. Our share of net proceeds, after repayment of the existing 3.48% $550,000,000 mortgage and closing 
costs, was $55,618,000. 

On August 9, 2018, we completed a $120,000,000 refinancing of 4 Union Square South, a 206,000 square foot Manhattan retail 
property. The interest-only loan carries a rate of LIBOR plus 1.40% (3.75% as of December 31, 2018) and matures in 2025, as extended. 
The property was previously encumbered by a $113,000,000 mortgage at LIBOR plus 2.15%, which was scheduled to mature in 2019. 

On November 16, 2018, we completed a $205,000,000 refinancing of 150 West 34th Street, a 78,000 square foot Manhattan retail 
property. The interest-only loan carries a rate of LIBOR plus 1.88% (4.26% as of December 31, 2018) and matures in 2024, as extended. 
Concurrently, we invested $105,000,000 in a participation in the refinanced mortgage loan, which earns interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 
2.00% (4.38% as of December 31, 2018) and also matures in 2024, as extended, and is included in "other assets" on our consolidated 
balance sheets. The property was previously encumbered by a mortgage of the same amount at LIBOR plus 2.25%, which was scheduled to 
mature in 2020. 

Other Activities 

220 Central Park South ("220 CPS") 

During  the  fourth  quarter  of  2018,  we  completed  the  sale  of  11  condominium  units  at  220  CPS  for  net  proceeds  aggregating 
$214,776,000 and resulting in a financial statement net gain of $81,224,000 which is included in "net gains on disposition of wholly owned 
and partially owned assets" on our consolidated statements of income. In connection with these sales, $13,888,000 of income tax expense 
was recognized in our consolidated statements of income and $213,000,000 of the $950,000,000 220 CPS loan was repaid. 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview - continued 

Leasing Activity 

The leasing activity and related statistics in the tables below are based on leases signed during the period and are not intended to 
coincide with the commencement of rental revenue in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of 
America (“GAAP”). Second generation relet space represents square footage that has not been vacant for more than nine months and tenant 
improvements and leasing commissions are based on our share of square feet leased during the period. 

(Square feet in thousands) 

New York 

Office 

Retail 

theMART 

  555 California Street 

Quarter Ended December 31, 2018: 

Total square feet leased 
Our share of square feet leased 

Initial rent(1) 
Weighted average lease term (years) 
Second generation relet space: 

Square feet 
GAAP basis: 

Straight-line rent(2) 
Prior straight-line rent 
Percentage increase 

Cash basis: 

Initial rent(1) 
Prior escalated rent 
Percentage increase 

Tenant improvements and leasing commissions: 

Per square foot 
Per square foot per annum: 

Percentage of initial rent 

Year Ended December 31, 2018: 

Total square feet leased 
Our share of square feet leased 

Initial rent(1) 
Weighted average lease term (years) 
Second generation relet space: 

Square feet 
GAAP basis: 

Straight-line rent(2) 
Prior straight-line rent 
Percentage increase (decrease) 

Cash basis: 

Initial rent(1) 
Prior escalated rent 
Percentage increase (decrease) 
Tenant improvements and leasing commissions: 

Per square foot 
Per square foot per annum: 

Percentage of initial rent 

____________________ 
See notes on the following page. 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

26    
17    
211.34     $ 
8.2    

7    

228.99     $ 
222.39     $ 
3.0 %  

219.50     $ 
217.08     $ 
1.1 %  

144.50     $ 
17.62     $ 
8.3 %  

255  
236  
171.25  
5.5  

216  

  $ 

180.01  
232.98  

  $ 
  $ 

(22.7 )%  

164.74  
166.35  

  $ 
  $ 

(1.0 )%  

59.17  
10.76  

  $ 
  $ 

6.3  %  

46    
46    
60.73     $ 
5.6    

46    

61.28     $ 
56.40     $ 
8.7 %  

60.73     $ 
58.87     $ 
3.2 %  

9.03     $ 
1.61     $ 
2.7 %  

243    
243    
53.47     $ 
5.8    

232    

54.11     $ 
44.77     $ 
20.9 %  

53.49     $ 
47.48     $ 
12.7 %  

17.63     $ 
3.04     $ 
5.7 %  

—  
—  
—  
—  

—  

—  
—  
— % 

—  
—  
— % 

—  
—  
— % 

249  
174  
89.28  
10.3  

62  

104.06  
77.46  
34.3 % 

97.28  
85.77  
13.4 % 

94.98  
9.22  
10.3 % 

479    
415    
72.97     $ 
7.7    

357    

67.56     $ 
63.17     $ 
6.9 %  

67.22     $ 
66.41     $ 
1.2 %  

78.71     $ 
10.22     $ 
14.0 %  

1,827    
1,627    
79.03     $ 
9.6    

1,347    

81.57     $ 
60.99     $ 
33.7 %  

79.22     $ 
64.59     $ 
22.7 %  

92.69     $ 
9.66     $ 
12.2 %  

46 

 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
Overview - continued 

Leasing Activity – continued 

(Square feet in thousands) 

Year Ended December 31, 2017: 

Total square feet leased 
Our share of square feet leased: 

Initial rent(1) 
Weighted average lease term (years) 
Second generation relet space: 
Square feet 

GAAP basis: 

Straight-line rent(2) 
Prior straight-line rent 
Percentage increase 

Cash basis: 

Initial rent(1) 
Prior escalated rent 
Percentage increase 

Tenant improvements and leasing commissions: 

Per square foot 
Per square foot per annum: 

Percentage of initial rent 

New York 

Office 

Retail 

theMART 

  555 California Street 

1,867    
1,469    
78.72     $ 
8.1    

1,018    

74.28     $ 
65.85     $ 
12.8 %  

76.03     $ 
69.19     $ 
9.9 %  

73.97     $ 
9.13     $ 
11.6 %  

126    
97    
318.67     $ 
7.6    

61    

171.74     $ 
135.81     $ 
26.5 %  

159.53     $ 
127.18     $ 
25.4 %  

209.76     $ 
27.60     $ 
8.7 %  

345  
345  
47.60  
6.6  

319  

 $ 

47.93  
 $ 
38.04  
 $ 
26.0 %  

47.55  
 $ 
40.77  
 $ 
16.6 %  

33.86     $ 
5.13     $ 
10.8 %  

285  
200  
88.42  
7.2  

152  

99.53  
80.15  
24.2 % 

94.14  
84.76  
11.1 % 

74.38  
10.33  
11.7 % 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

______________________________________ 
(1)  Represents the cash basis weighted average starting rent per square foot, which is generally indicative of market rents. Most leases include free rent and periodic step-

ups in rent which are not included in the initial cash basis rent per square foot but are included in the GAAP basis straight-line rent per square foot. 

(2)  Represents the GAAP basis weighted average rent per square foot that is recognized over the term of the respective leases, and includes the effect of free rent and 

periodic step-ups in rent. 

47 

 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
  
  
 
   
  
  
Overview - continued 

Square footage (in service) and Occupancy as of December 31, 2018: 

(Square feet in thousands) 

New York: 

Office 
Retail (includes retail properties that are in the base of our office properties) 
Residential - 1,687 units 
Alexander's, including 312 residential units 
Hotel Pennsylvania 

Other: 

theMART 
555 California Street 
Other 

Total square feet at December 31, 2018 

Number of 
properties 

Square Feet (in service) 
Our 
Total 
Share 
Portfolio 

  Occupancy % 

36   
71   
10   
7  
1  

3   
3   
10   

19,858   
2,648   
1,533   
2,437   
1,400   
27,876   

3,694   
1,743   
2,522   
7,959   

35,835   

16,632   
2,419   
800   
790   
1,400     
22,041   

3,685   
1,220   
1,187   
6,092     

28,133     

97.2 % 
97.3 % 
96.6 % 
91.4 % 

97.0 % 

94.7 % 
99.4 % 
92.8 % 

Square footage (in service) and Occupancy as of December 31, 2017: 

(Square feet in thousands) 

New York: 

Office 
Retail (includes retail properties that are in the base of our office properties) 
Residential - 1,697 units 
Alexander's, including 312 residential units 
Hotel Pennsylvania 

Other: 

theMART 
555 California Street 
Other 

Total square feet at December 31, 2017 

Number of 
properties 

Square Feet (in service) 
Our 
Total 
Share 
Portfolio 

  Occupancy % 

36   
71   
11   
7  
1  

3   
3   
11   

20,256   
2,720   
1,568   
2,437   
1,400   
28,381   

3,689   
1,741   
2,525   
7,955   

36,336   

16,982   
2,471   
835   
790   
1,400     
22,478   

3,680   
1,219   
1,188   
6,087     

28,565     

97.1 % 
96.9 % 
96.7 % 
99.3 % 

97.2 % 

98.6 % 
94.2 % 
93.6 % 

48 

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
  
 
   
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
  
 
   
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
Critical Accounting Policies 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements we have made estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets 
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual 
results could differ from those estimates. Set forth below is a  summary of the accounting policies that we believe are critical to the 
preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The summary should be read in conjunction with the more complete discussion of our 
accounting policies included in Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements 
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Real Estate 

Real estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Betterments, major renewals and certain costs directly 
related to the improvement and leasing of real estate are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. For redevelopment 
of existing operating properties, the net book value of the existing property under redevelopment plus the cost for the construction and 
improvements incurred in connection with the redevelopment are capitalized to the extent the capitalized costs of the property do not 
exceed the estimated fair value of the redeveloped property when complete. If the cost of the redeveloped property, including the net book 
value of the existing property, exceeds the estimated fair value of the redeveloped property, the excess is charged to expense. Depreciation 
is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives which range from 7 to 40 years. Tenant allowances are amortized on a 
straight-line basis over the lives of the related leases, which approximate the useful lives of the assets. 

Upon the acquisition of real estate we assess the fair value of acquired assets (including land, buildings and improvements, identified 
intangibles, such as acquired above and below-market leases, acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships) and acquired liabilities and 
we allocate the purchase price based on these assessments which are on a relative fair value basis. We assess fair value based on estimated 
cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash 
flows are based on a number of factors including historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions. We amortize 
identified intangibles that have finite lives over the period they are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of 
the property or business acquired. 

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the carrying amounts of real estate, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, were $13.1 
billion and $11.9 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the carrying amounts of identified intangible assets (including 
acquired above-market leases, tenant relationships and acquired in-place leases) were $136,781,000 and $159,260,000, respectively, and the 
carrying  amounts  of  identified  intangible  liabilities,  a  component  of  “deferred  revenue”  on  our  consolidated  balance  sheets,  were 
$161,594,000 and $205,600,000, respectively. 

Our properties, including any related intangible assets, are individually reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes  in 
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset 
exceeds the aggregate projected future cash flows over the anticipated holding period on an undiscounted basis. An impairment loss is 
measured based on the excess of the property’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. Impairment analyses are based on our current 
plans, intended holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared. If our estimates of the projected 
future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, or market conditions change, our evaluation of impairment losses may be different and such 
differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements. The evaluation of anticipated discounted cash flows is subjective and 
is based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual 
results. Plans to hold properties over longer periods decrease the likelihood of recording impairment losses. 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Critical Accounting Policies - continued 

Partially Owned Entities 

We consolidate entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. In determining whether we have a controlling financial 
interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, we consider whether the entity is a 
variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether we are the primary beneficiary, or hold a majority of the voting interests of the entity. We are 
deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE when we have (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact 
the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. 
We generally do not control a partially owned entity if the approval of all of the partners/members is contractually required with respect to 
decisions that most significantly impact the performance of the partially owned entity. This includes decisions regarding operating/capital 
budgets, and the placement of new or additional financing secured by the assets of the venture, among others. We account for investments 
under the equity method when the requirements for consolidation are not met, and we have significant influence over the operations of the 
investee. Equity method investments are initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for our share of net income or loss and cash 
contributions and distributions each period. Investments that do not qualify for consolidation or equity method accounting are accounted for 
under the cost method. 

Investments in partially owned entities are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the 
carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded when there is a decline in the fair value below the carrying value 
and we conclude such decline is other-than-temporary. An impairment loss is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of an 
investment  over  its  estimated  fair  value. Impairment  analyses  are  based  on  current  plans,  intended  holding  periods  and  available 
information at the time the analyses are prepared. The ultimate realization of our investments in partially owned entities is dependent on a 
number of factors, including the performance of each investment and market conditions. If our estimates of the projected future cash flows, 
the nature of development activities for properties for which such activities are planned and the estimated fair value of the investment 
change based on market conditions or otherwise, our evaluation of impairment losses may be different and such differences could be 
material  to  our  consolidated  financial  statements. The  evaluation  of  anticipated  cash  flows  is  subjective  and  is  based,  in  part,  on 
assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results. 

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the carrying amounts of investments in partially owned entities were $0.9 billion and $1.1 billion, 

respectively. 

Revenue Recognition 

We have the following revenue sources and revenue recognition policies: 

•   Base rent is revenue arising from tenant leases. These rents are recognized over the non-cancelable term of the related leases 
on a straight-line basis which includes the effects of rent steps and rent abatements. We commence rental revenue recognition 
when the tenant takes possession of the leased space and the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use. In 
addition, in circumstances where we provide a tenant improvement allowance for improvements that are owned by the tenant, 
we recognize the allowance as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. 

•   Hotel revenue arising from the operation of Hotel Pennsylvania consists of room revenue, food and beverage revenue, and 
banquet revenue. Room revenue is recognized  when rooms are occupied. Food and beverage and banquet revenue are 
recognized when the services have been transferred. 

•   Trade shows revenue arising from the operation of trade shows is primarily booth rentals. This revenue is recognized upon the 

occurrence of the trade shows. 

•   Operating expense reimbursements is revenue arising from tenant leases which provide for the recovery of all or a portion of 
the operating expenses and real estate taxes of the common areas of our properties. Revenue is generally recognized in the 
same period as the related expenses are incurred. 

•   Tenant services is revenue arising from sub-metered electric, elevator, trash removal and other services provided to tenants at 

their request. This revenue is recognized as the services are transferred. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Critical Accounting Policies - continued 

Revenue Recognition - continued 

•   Fee and other income includes management, leasing and other revenue arising from contractual agreements with third parties 
or with partially owned entities, and includes Building Maintenance Service (“BMS”) cleaning, engineering and security 
services. This revenue is recognized as the services are transferred. Fee and other income also includes lease termination fee 
income which is recognized immediately if a tenant vacates or is recognized on a straight-line basis over the shortened 
remaining lease term. 

Before we recognize revenue, we assess, among other things, its collectability. If our assessment of the collectability of revenue 

changes, the impact on our consolidated financial statements could be material. 

Income Taxes 

Vornado operates in a manner intended to enable it to continue to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856-860 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986, as amended. Under those sections, a REIT which distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income as a dividend to its 
shareholders each year and which meets certain other conditions will not be taxed on that portion of its taxable income which is distributed 
to its shareholders. Vornado distributes to its shareholders 100% of its taxable income and therefore, no provision for Federal income taxes 
is required. If Vornado fails to distribute the required amount of income to its shareholders, or fails to meet other REIT requirements, it may 
fail to qualify as a REIT which may result in substantial adverse tax consequences. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

See Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report 

on Form 10-K for a discussion concerning recent accounting pronouncements. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Operating Income At Share by Segment for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

NOI represents total revenues less operating expenses. We consider NOI to be the primary non-GAAP financial measure for making 
decisions and assessing the unlevered performance of our segments as it relates to the total return on assets as opposed to the levered return 
on equity. As properties are bought and sold based on NOI, we utilize this measure to make investment decisions as well as to compare the 
performance of our assets to that of our peers. NOI should not be considered a substitute for net income. NOI may not be comparable to 
similarly titled measures employed by other companies. 

Below is a summary of NOI at share and NOI at share - cash basis by segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total revenues 
Operating expenses 

NOI - consolidated 
Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 
Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

NOI at share 
Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net 

and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total revenues 
Operating expenses 

NOI - consolidated 
Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 
Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

NOI at share 
Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net 

and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total revenues 
Operating expenses 

NOI - consolidated 
Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 
Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

NOI at share 
Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net 

and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 

Total 

New York 

Other 

2,163,720    $ 
963,478   
1,200,242   
(71,186 )  
253,564   
1,382,620   

(44,704 )  
1,337,916    $ 

1,836,036    $ 
806,464   
1,029,572   
(48,490 )  
195,908   
1,176,990   

(45,427 )  
1,131,563    $ 

327,684  
157,014  
170,670  
(22,696 ) 
57,656  
205,630  

723 
206,353  

For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 

Total 

New York 

Other 

2,084,126    $ 
886,596   
1,197,530   
(65,311 )  
269,164   
1,401,383   

(86,842 )  
1,314,541    $ 

1,779,307    $ 
756,670   
1,022,637   
(45,899 )  
189,327   
1,166,065   

(79,202 )  
1,086,863    $ 

304,819  
129,926  
174,893  
(19,412 ) 
79,837  
235,318  

(7,640 ) 
227,678  

For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Total 

New York 

Other 

2,003,742    $ 
844,566   
1,159,176   
(66,182 )  
271,114   
1,364,108   

(170,477 )  
1,193,631    $ 

1,713,374    $ 
716,754   
996,620   
(47,480 )  
159,386   
1,108,526   

(143,239 )  
965,287    $ 

290,368  
127,812  
162,556  
(18,702 ) 
111,728  
255,582  

(27,238 ) 
228,344  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Operating Income At Share by Segment for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 - continued 

The elements of our New York and Other NOI at share for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are summarized below. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

New York: 

Office 

Retail 

Residential 

Alexander's 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Total New York 

Other: 

theMART(1) 

555 California Street 

Other investments(2) 

Total Other 

NOI at share 

$ 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

743,001     $ 
353,425    
23,515    
45,133    
11,916    
1,176,990    

90,929    
54,691    
60,010    
205,630    

721,183    $ 
359,944   
24,370   
47,302   
13,266   
1,166,065   

102,339   
47,588   
85,391   
235,318   

662,221  
364,953  
25,060  
47,295  
8,997  
1,108,526  

98,498  
45,848  
111,236  
255,582  

$ 

1,382,620     $ 

1,401,383    $ 

1,364,108  

________________________________________ 
(1)  The year ended December 31, 2018 includes an additional $15,148 real estate tax expense accrual due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of theMART. 
(2)  The years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 include $12,145, $20,636 and $25,004, respectively from 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (sold on August 

3, 2018). The years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 include $6,960 and $5,621, respectively from India real estate ventures which were sold in 2017. 

The elements of our New York and Other NOI at share - cash basis for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are 

summarized below. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

New York: 

Office 

Retail 

Residential 

Alexander's 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Total New York 

Other: 

theMART(1) 

555 California Street 

Other investments(2) 

Total Other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

$ 

726,108     $ 
324,219    
22,076    
47,040    
12,120    
1,131,563    

94,070    
53,488    
58,795    
206,353    

678,839    $ 
324,318   
21,626   
48,683   
13,397   
1,086,863   

99,242   
45,281   
83,155   
227,678   

593,785  
292,019  
22,285  
48,070  
9,128  
965,287  

92,571  
32,601  
103,172  
228,344  

$ 

1,337,916     $ 

1,314,541    $ 

1,193,631  

________________________________________ 
(1)  The year ended December 31, 2018 includes an additional $15,148 real estate tax expense accrual due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of theMART. 
(2)  The years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 include $12,025, $20,853 and $22,388, respectively from 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (sold on August 

3, 2018). The years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 include $6,960 and $5,621, respectively from India real estate ventures which were sold in 2017. 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
Reconciliation of Net Income to Net Operating Income At Share and Net Operating Income At Share - Cash Basis for the Years 
Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Below is a reconciliation of net income to NOI at share and NOI at share - cash basis for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 

2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Net income 

Deduct: 

Income from partially owned entities 

Loss (income) from real estate fund investments 

Interest and other investment income, net 

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets 

Purchase price fair value adjustment 

(Income) loss from discontinued operations 

NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Add: 

Depreciation and amortization expense 

General and administrative expense 

Transaction related costs, impairment loss and other 

Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

Interest and debt expense 

Income tax expense 

NOI at share 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

$ 

422,603     $ 

264,128     $ 

2016 

981,922  

(9,149 )   
89,231    
(17,057 )   
(246,031 )   
(44,060 )   
(638 )   
(71,186 )   

446,570    
141,871    
31,320    
253,564    
347,949    
37,633    
1,382,620    

(15,200 )   
(3,240 )   
(30,861 )   
(501 )   
—    
13,228    
(65,311 )   

429,389    
150,782    
1,776    
269,164    
345,654    
42,375    
1,401,383    

(168,948 ) 
23,602  
(24,335 ) 

(160,433 ) 
—  
(404,912 ) 

(66,182 ) 

421,023  
143,643  
9,451  
271,114  
330,240  
7,923  
1,364,108  

(170,477 ) 
1,193,631  

Non cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net 

and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

(44,704 )   
1,337,916     $ 

(86,842 )   
1,314,541     $ 

$ 

Net Operating Income At Share by Region 

Below is a summary of the percentages of NOI at share by geographic region for the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 . 

Region: 

New York City metropolitan area 

Chicago, IL 

San Francisco, CA 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

89 %  
7 %  
4 %  
100 %  

89 %  
8 %  
3 %  
100 %  

89 % 

8 % 

3 % 

100 % 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 

Revenues 

Our revenues, which consist of property rentals, tenant expense reimbursements, and fee and other income, were $2,163,720,000 in the 
year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $2,084,126,000 in the prior year, an increase of $79,594,000. Below are the details of the 
increase by segment: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Increase (decrease) due to: 

Property rentals: 

Acquisitions, dispositions and other 

Development and redevelopment 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Trade shows 

Same store operations 

Tenant expense reimbursements: 

 Acquisitions, dispositions and other 

 Development and redevelopment 

 Same store operations 

Fee and other income: 

BMS cleaning fees 

Management and leasing fees 

Lease termination fees 

Other income 

Total 

New York 

Other 

$ 

362    $ 

362     $ 

(4,930 )  
4,542   
522   
44,757   
45,253   

97   
379   
13,228   
13,704   

16,214   
3,237   
(6,027 )  
7,213   
20,637   

(5,298 )   
4,542    
—    
29,403    
29,009    

97    
(24 )   
10,702    
10,775    

18,102   (1) 
3,604    
(7,097 )   
2,336    
16,945    

Total increase in revenues 

$ 

79,594    $ 

56,729     $ 

________________________________________ 
(1)  Primarily due to an increase in third party cleaning fees for services provided to JBGS, Skyline Properties and tenants at theMART. 

—  
368  
—  
522  
15,354  
16,244  

—  
403  
2,526  
2,929  

(1,888 ) 

(367 ) 
1,070  
4,877  
3,692  

22,865  

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 - continued 

Expenses 

Our expenses, which consist primarily of operating, depreciation and amortization, general and administrative, (benefit) expense from 
deferred compensation plan liability, and transaction related costs, impairment loss and other, were $1,580,759,000 in the year ended 
December 31, 2018 compared to $1,475,475,000 in the prior year, an increase of $105,284,000. Below are the details of the increase by 
segment: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Increase (decrease) due to: 

Operating: 

Acquisitions, dispositions and other 

$ 

Development and redevelopment 

Non-reimbursable expenses, including bad debt reserves 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Trade shows 

BMS expenses 

Same store operations 

Depreciation and amortization: 

Acquisitions, dispositions and other 

Development and redevelopment 

Same store operations 

General and administrative 

Benefit from deferred compensation plan liability 

Transaction related costs, impairment loss and other 

Total 

New York 

Other 

$ 

671   
(98 )  
1,269   
5,816   
(73 )  
13,439   
55,858   
76,882   

(1,876 )  
4,381   
14,676   
17,181   

(8,911 )  (3) 

(9,412 )  

29,544    

$ 

671   
(1,312 )  
790   
5,816    
—   
15,327   (1) 
28,502   
49,794   

(1,876 )  
4,376   
11,944   
14,444   

95   

—   

25,103   (4) 

Total increase in expenses 

$ 

105,284   

$ 

89,436   

$ 

—   
1,214   
479   
—   
(73 )  
(1,888 )  
27,356   (2) 
27,088   

—   
5   
2,732   
2,737   

(9,006 )  

(9,412 )  

4,441   

15,848   

____________________ 
(1)  Primarily due to an increase in third party cleaning fees for services provided to JBGS, Skyline Properties and tenants at theMART. 
(2)  Primarily due to additional real estate tax expense accrual of $15,148 due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of theMART in December 2018. 
(3)  Primarily due to higher capitalized development payroll in 2018. 
(4)  Due to a $13,103 potential additional New York City real property transfer tax payment (“Transfer Tax”), which we are contesting, related to the December 2012 

acquisition of Independence Plaza and a $12,000 non-cash impairment loss. 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 - continued 

Income from Partially Owned Entities 

Below are the components of income from partially owned entities for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Our share of net income (loss): 

Alexander's(1) 

UE(2) 

Partially owned office buildings(3) 

PREIT(4) 

Other investments(5) 

Percentage 
Ownership at  
December 31, 2018 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

32.4% 

4.5% 

Various 

7.9% 

Various 

  $ 

  $ 

15,045    $ 
4,460   
(3,085 )  
(3,015 )  
(4,256 )  
9,149    $ 

31,853  
27,328  
2,109  
(53,325 ) 
7,235  
15,200  

____________________ 
(1)  2018 includes (i) our $7,708 share of Alexander's potential additional Transfer Tax, (ii) our $3,882 share of expense related to the decrease in fair value of marketable 
securities held by Alexander’s and (iii) our $1,085 share of a non-cash straight-line rent write-off adjustment related to Sears Roebuck and Co. which filed for Chapter 
11 bankruptcy relief and (iv) our $518 share of Alexander’s litigation expense due to a settlement. 

(2)  2017 includes $21,100 of net gains resulting from UE operating partnership unit issuances. 
(3) 

Includes interests in 280 Park Avenue, 650 Madison Avenue, One Park Avenue, 7 West 34th Street, 330 Madison Avenue, 512 West 22nd Street, 85 Tenth Avenue and 
others. 2018 includes our $4,978 share of potential additional Transfer Tax related to the March 2011 acquisition of One Park Avenue. 

(4)  2017 includes a $44,465 non-cash impairment loss. 
(5) 

Includes interests in Independence Plaza, Fashion Centre Mall/Washington Tower, Rosslyn Plaza, 50-70 West 93rd Street, 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (sold 
on August 3, 2018) and others. In 2017, we recognized $26,687 of net gains, comprised of $15,314 for our share of a net gain on the sale of Suffolk Downs and $11,373 
for the net gain on repayment of our debt investments in Suffolk Downs JV. In 2018 and 2017, we recognized net losses of $4,873 and $25,414, respectively, from our 
666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium joint venture as a result of our share of depreciation expense. 

(Loss) Income from Real Estate Fund Investments 

Below are the components of the loss from our real estate fund investments for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Net investment income 

Net unrealized loss on held investments 

Net realized (loss) gain on exited investments 

Previously recorded unrealized gain on exited investment 

Transfer Tax 

(Loss) income from real estate fund investments 

Less loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Loss from real estate fund investments attributable to the Operating Partnership (includes $4,252 of loss related to 

One Park Avenue potential additional transfer  taxes and reduction in carried interest for the year ended 
December 31, 2018) 

Less loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership 

Loss from real estate fund investments attributable to Vornado 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

$ 

$ 

6,105    $ 
(83,794 )   
(912 )   
—    
(10,630 )   
(89,231 )   
61,230    

(28,001 )   
1,732    
(26,269 )   $ 

18,507  

(25,807 ) 
36,078  
(25,538 ) 
—  
3,240  

(14,044 ) 

(10,804 ) 
673  

(10,131 ) 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 - continued 

Interest and Other Investment Income, net 

Below are the components of interest and other investment, net for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Decrease in fair value of marketable securities(1) 

Interest on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 

Dividends on marketable securities 

Interest on loans receivable(2) 

Other, net 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

$ 

$ 

(26,453 )   $ 
15,827   
13,339   
10,298   
4,046   
17,057    $ 

—  
8,171  
13,276  
4,352  
5,062  
30,861  

____________________ 
(1)  On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which requires changes in the fair value of 
our marketable securities to be recorded in current period earnings. Previously, changes in the fair value of marketable securities were recognized in "accumulated other 
comprehensive income" on our consolidated balance sheets. 
Includes $6,707 of profit participation in connection with an investment in a mezzanine loan which was previously repaid to us for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

(2) 

Interest and Debt Expense 

Interest and debt expense was $347,949,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $345,654,000 in the prior year, an 
increase of $2,295,000. This increase was primarily due to (i) $25,036,000 of higher interest expense resulting from higher average interest 
rates on our variable rate loans, and (ii) $9,753,000 of higher interest expense on our $750,000,000 delayed draw term loan which was fully 
drawn in October 2017, partially offset by (iii) $24,935,000 higher capitalized interest and debt expense and (iv) $6,475,000 lower capital 
lease interest, resulting from our acquisition of the retail at 1535 Broadway and termination of the existing capital lease structure. 

Purchase Price Fair Value Adjustment 

The purchase price fair value adjustment of $44,060,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018 represents the difference between the 
estimated fair market value and the book basis of our 50.1% interest in the joint venture that is developing the Farley Office and Retail 
Building as a result of our increased ownership in the joint venture to 95.0% from 50.1%. 

Net Gains on Disposition of Wholly Owned and Partially Owned Assets 

The net gains of $246,031,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, resulted primarily from the (i) $134,032,000 net gain on sale of 
our 49.5% interests in 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium, (ii) $81,224,000 net gain on sales of 220 CPS condominium units, (iii) 
$23,559,000 net gain on sale of 27 Washington Square North, and (iv) $7,308,000 net gain from repayment of our interest on the mortgage 
loan on 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium. 

Income Tax Expense 

In the year ended December 31, 2018, we had an income tax expense of $37,633,000, compared to $42,375,000 in the prior year, a 
decrease of $4,742,000. This decrease resulted primarily from (i) $34,800,000 of expense in the year ended December 31, 2017 due to the 
reduction of our taxable REIT subsidiaries' deferred tax assets based on the decrease in corporate tax rates under the December 22, 2017 
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, partially offset by (ii)  $16,771,000 of income tax expense in the  year ended December 31, 2018 due to  the 
$44,060,000 purchase price fair value adjustment recognized as a result of our increased ownership in the joint venture that is developing 
the Farley Office and Retail Building, and (iii) $13,888,000 of income tax expense in the year ended December 31, 2018 on the sale of 220 
CPS condominium units. 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 - continued 

Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations 

We have reclassified the revenues and expenses of our former Washington, DC segment, which was spun off on July 17, 2017, and 
other related retail assets that were sold to “income (loss) from discontinued operations” and the related assets and liabilities to “other 
assets” and  “other liabilities” for all the  periods presented  in the accompanying  financial statements. The table below sets  forth  the 
combined results of assets related to discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total revenues 

Total expenses 

Net gains on sale of real estate, a lease position and other 

JBGS spin-off transaction costs 

Income from partially-owned entities 

Pretax income (loss) from discontinued operations 

Income tax expense 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

1,114    $ 
1,094   
20   
618   
—   
—   
638   
—   
638    $ 

261,290  
212,169  
49,121  
6,605  
(68,662 ) 
435  
(12,501 ) 

(727 ) 

(13,228 ) 

$ 

$ 

Net Loss (Income) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries 

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries was $53,023,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, 
compared to net income of $25,802,000 in the prior year, a decrease in net income of $78,825,000. This decrease resulted primarily from 
lower net income allocated to the noncontrolling interests of our real estate fund investments. 

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership (Vornado Realty Trust) 

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership was $25,672,000 in the year ended December 31, 
2018, compared to $10,910,000 in the prior year, an increase of $14,762,000. This increase resulted primarily from higher net income 
subject to allocation to unitholders. 

Preferred Share Dividends of Vornado Realty Trust 

Preferred share dividends were $50,636,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $65,399,000 in the prior year, a 
decrease of $14,763,000. The decrease is comprised of $30,651,000 of savings from the redemption of all of the outstanding 6.625% Series 
G and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred shares in January 2018, partially offset by a $15,888,000 increase due to the issuance of 
5.25% Series M cumulative redeemable preferred shares in December 2017. 

Preferred Unit Distributions of Vornado Realty L.P. 

Preferred unit distributions were $50,830,000 in the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $65,593,000 in the prior year, a 
decrease of $14,763,000. The decrease is comprised of $30,651,000 of savings from the redemption of all the outstanding 6.625% Series G 
and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred units in January 2018, partially offset by a $15,888,000 increase due to the issuance of 5.25% 
Series M cumulative redeemable preferred units in December 2017. 

Preferred Share/Unit Issuance Costs 

In the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized preferred share/unit issuance costs of $14,486,000 representing the write-off of 
issuance costs upon the redemption of all the outstanding 6.625% Series G and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred shares/units in 
January 2018. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 - continued 

Same Store Net Operating Income At Share 

Same store NOI at share represents NOI at share from operations which are owned by us and in service in both the current and prior 
year reporting periods. Same store NOI at share - cash basis is NOI at share from operations before straight-line rental income and expense, 
amortization of acquired below and above market leases, net and other non-cash adjustments which are owned by us and in service in both 
the  current  and  prior  year  reporting  periods.  We  present  these  non-GAAP  measures  to  (i)  facilitate  meaningful  comparisons  of  the 
operational performance of our properties and segments, (ii) make decisions on whether to buy, sell or refinance properties, and (iii) 
compare the performance of our properties and segments to those of our peers. Same store NOI at share and same store NOI at share - cash 
basis should not be considered as an alternative to net income or cash flow from operations and may not be comparable to similarly titled 
measures employed by other companies. 

Below are reconciliations of NOI at share to same store NOI at share for our New York segment, theMART, 555 California Street and 

other investments for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2018 

Less NOI at share from: 

Acquisitions 

Dispositions 

Development properties 

Lease termination income, net of write-offs of straight-line 

receivables and acquired below-market leases, net 

Other non-operating income, net 

Same store NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2018 

NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2017 

Less NOI at share from: 

Acquisitions 

Dispositions 

Development properties 

Lease termination income, net of write-offs of straight-line 

receivables and acquired below-market leases, net 

Other non-operating income, net 

Same store NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2017 

Total 
$  1,382,620  

  New York 
  $  1,176,990    

theMART 
90,929  

$ 

555 
California 
Street 

  $ 

54,691  

  $ 

Other 

60,010  

(1,534 ) 

(351 ) 

(38,477 ) 

(1,385 )   
(351 )   
(38,477 )   

2,301 

(62,732 ) 
$  1,281,827  

3,025 
(2,722 )   
  $  1,137,080    

$  1,401,383  

  $  1,166,065    

$ 

$ 

(149 ) 
—  
—  

(724 ) 
—  
90,056  

  $ 

—  
—  
—  

— 
—  
54,691  

—  
—  
—  

— 

(60,010 ) 
—  

  $ 

102,339  

  $ 

47,588  

  $ 

85,391  

36  
(1,532 ) 

(37,307 ) 

(2,976 ) 

(88,017 ) 
$  1,271,587  

(164 )   
(1,532 )   
(37,307 )   

200  
—  
—  

—  
—  
—  

(2,957 )   
(2,626 )   
  $  1,121,479    

(19 ) 
—  
102,520  

$ 

  $ 

— 
—  
47,588  

—  
—  
—  

— 

(85,391 ) 
—  

  $ 

Increase (decrease) in same store NOI at share for the year ended 
December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 

$ 

10,240 

  $ 

15,601 

$ 

(12,464 ) 

  $ 

7,103 

  $ 

— 

% increase (decrease) in same store NOI at share 

0.8 %  

1.4 %  (1) 

(12.2 )%  (2) 

14.9 %  

— % 

____________________ 
(1)  Excluding Hotel Pennsylvania, same store NOI at share increased by 1.5%. 
(2)  The year ended December 31, 2018 includes an additional $15,148 real estate tax expense accrual due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of theMART. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 - continued 

Same Store Net Operating Income At Share - continued 

Below are reconciliations of NOI at share - cash basis to same store NOI at share - cash basis for our New York segment, theMART, 

555 California Street and other investments for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2018 

Less NOI at share - cash basis from: 

Total 

  New York 

$  1,337,916     $  1,131,563    

theMART 
94,070  

$ 

555 
California 
Street 
53,488     $ 

$ 

Dispositions 

Acquisitions 

Development properties 

(1,086 )   
(287 )   
(42,264 )   
(1,163 )   
(2,720 )   
Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2018  $  1,230,510     $  1,084,043    

(1,235 )   
(287 )   
(42,264 )   
(2,105 )   
(61,515 )   

Other non-operating income, net 

Lease termination income 

NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2017 

$  1,314,541     $  1,086,863    

Less NOI at share - cash basis from: 

Dispositions 

Acquisitions 

Development properties 

(63 )   
(1,078 )   
(38,211 )   
(4,927 )   
(3,346 )   
Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2017  $  1,183,930     $  1,039,238    

137    
(1,078 )   
(38,211 )   
(4,958 )   
(86,501 )   

Other non-operating income, net 

Lease termination income 

(149 ) 
—  
—  
(942 ) 
—  
92,979  

99,242  

200  
—  
—  
(31 ) 
—  
99,411  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Other 

58,795  

—  
—  
—  
—  
(58,795 ) 
—  

—    
—    
—    
—    
—    
53,488     $ 

45,281     $ 

83,155  

—    
—    
—    
—    
—    
45,281     $ 

—  
—  
—  
—  
(83,155 ) 
—  

Increase (decrease) in same store NOI at share - cash basis for the year 

ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 

$ 

46,580 

  $ 

44,805 

$ 

(6,432 ) 

$ 

8,207 

  $ 

— 

% increase (decrease) in same store NOI at share - cash basis 

3.9 %  

4.3 %  (1) 

(6.5 )%  (2) 

18.1 %  

— % 

____________________ 
(1)  Excluding Hotel Pennsylvania, same store NOI at share - cash basis increased by 4.5%. 
(2)  The year ended December 31, 2018 includes an additional $15,148 real estate tax expense accrual due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of theMART. 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 

Revenues 

Our revenues, which consist of property rentals, tenant expense reimbursements, and fee and other income, were $2,084,126,000 in the 
year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $2,003,742,000 in the prior year, an increase of $80,384,000. Below are the details of the 
increase by segment: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Increase (decrease) due to: 

Property rentals: 

Acquisitions, dispositions and other 

Development and redevelopment 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Trade shows 

Same store operations 

Tenant expense reimbursements: 

Acquisitions, dispositions and other 

Development and redevelopment 

Same store operations 

Fee and other income: 

BMS cleaning fees 

Management and leasing fees 

Lease termination fees 

Other income 

Total 

New York 

Other 

$ 

9,455    $ 
824   
7,974   
(634 )  
35,240   
52,859   

(2,663 )  
705   
13,819   
11,861   

10,718   
1,843   
(599 )  
3,702   
15,664   

9,229   (1)  $ 
(93 )   
7,974   (2) 
—    
25,066    
42,176    

(2,663 )   
(75 )   
11,320    
8,582    

13,374   (3) 
1,068    
250    
483    
15,175    

Total increase in revenues 

$ 

80,384    $ 

65,933     $ 

226  
917  
—  

(634 ) 
10,174  
10,683  

—  
780  
2,499  
3,279  

(2,656 ) 
775  
(849 ) 
3,219  
489  

14,451  

________________________________________ 
(1)  Primarily due to (i) $20,515 from the write-off of straight-line rents recorded in 2016, partially offset by (ii) $5,050 from the partial sale of 7 West 34th Street in May 

2016 and (iii) $7,834 from the write-off of straight-line receivables and acquired below-market leases, net, recorded in 2017. 

(2)  Average occupancy and revenue per available room were 87.3% and $121.46, respectively, for 2017 as compared to 84.7% and $113.84, respectively, for 2016. 
(3)  Primarily due to an increase in third party cleaning agreements for services provided to JBGS, Skyline Properties and tenants at theMART. 

62 

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued 

Expenses 

Our expenses, which consist primarily of operating, depreciation and amortization, general and administrative, expense from deferred 
compensation plan liability, and transaction related costs and other, were $1,475,475,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 
$1,423,896,000 in the prior year, an increase of $51,579,000. Below are the details of the increase by segment: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Increase (decrease) due to: 

Operating: 

Acquisitions, dispositions and other 

Development and redevelopment 

Non-reimbursable expenses, including bad debt reserves 

$ 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Trade shows 

BMS expenses 

Same store operations 

Depreciation and amortization: 

Acquisitions, dispositions and other 

Development and redevelopment 

Same store operations 

General and administrative 

Expense on deferred compensation plan liability 

Transaction related costs and other 

Total 

New York 

Other 

$ 

(2,978 )  
69   
(3,940 )  
3,721   
(1,222 )  
15,368   
31,012   
42,030   

2,227   
2,752   
3,387   
8,366   

7,139   (2) 

1,719   

(7,675 )  

(2,978 )    $ 
119    
(4,109 )   
3,721    
—    
12,835   (1) 
30,328    
39,916    

2,227    
3,182    
(1,503 )   
3,906    

4,333    

—    

—    

Total increase in expenses 

$ 

51,579   

$ 

48,155     $ 

________________________________________ 
(1)  Primarily due to an increase in third party cleaning agreements for services provided to JBGS, Skyline Properties and tenants at theMART. 
(2)  Primarily due to lower capitalized leasing and development payroll for consolidated projects in 2017 and higher franchise tax in 2017. 

—  
(50 ) 
169  
—  
(1,222 ) 
2,533  
684  
2,114  

—  

(430 ) 
4,890  
4,460  

2,806  

1,719  

(7,675 ) 

3,424  

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued 

Income from Partially Owned Entities 

Below are the components of income from partially owned entities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Our share of net (loss) income: 

PREIT(1) 

Alexander's 

UE(2) 

Partially owned office buildings(3) 

Other investments(4) 

Percentage 
Ownership at  
December 31, 2017 

Year Ended December 31, 

2017 

2016 

8.0% 

32.4% 

4.5% 

Various 

Various 

  $ 

 $ 

(53,325 )   $ 
31,853   
27,328   
2,109   
7,235   
15,200    $ 

(5,213 ) 
34,240  
5,839  
5,773  
128,309  
168,948  

____________________ 
(1)  2017 includes a $44,465 non-cash impairment loss. 
(2)  2017 includes $21,100 of net gains resulting from UE operating partnership unit issuances. 
(3) 

(4) 

Includes interests in 280 Park Avenue, 650 Madison Avenue, One Park Avenue, 7 West 34th Street, 330 Madison Avenue, 512 West 22nd Street, 85 Tenth Avenue (in 
2017 only) and others. 
Includes interests in Independence Plaza, Fashion Centre Mall/Washington Tower, Rosslyn Plaza, 50-70 West 93rd Street, 85 Tenth Avenue (in 2016 only), 666 Fifth 
Avenue Office Condominium and others. In 2017, we recognized $26,687 of net gains, comprised of $15,314 for our share of a net gain on the sale of Suffolk Downs 
and $11,373 for the net gain on repayment of our debt investments in Suffolk Downs JV. In 2017 and 2016, we recognized net losses of $25,414 and $41,532, 
respectively, from our 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium joint venture as a result of our share of depreciation expense. In 2016, the owner of 85 Tenth Avenue 
completed a 10-year, 4.55% $625,000 refinancing of the property and we received net proceeds of $191,779 in repayment of our existing loans and preferred equity 
investments. We recognized $160,843 of income as a result of this transaction. 

Loss from Real Estate Fund Investments 

Below are the components of the loss from our real estate fund investments for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Net investment income 

Net realized gain on exited investments 

Net unrealized loss on held investments 

Previously recorded unrealized gain on exited investment 

Income (loss) from real estate fund investments 

Less (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Loss from real estate fund investments attributable to the Operating Partnership 

Less loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership 

Loss from real estate fund investments attributable to Vornado 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2017 

2016 

$ 

$ 

18,507    $ 
36,078   
(25,807 )  
(25,538 )  
3,240   
(14,044 )  

(10,804 )  
673   
(10,131 )   $ 

17,053  
14,761  
(41,162 ) 

(14,254 ) 

(23,602 ) 
2,560  

(21,042 ) 
1,270  
(19,772 ) 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued 

Interest and Other Investment Income, net 

Below are the components of interest and other investment, net for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Dividends on marketable securities 

Interest on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 

Interest on loans receivable 

Other, net 

Interest and Debt Expense 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2017 

2016 

$ 

$ 

13,276    $ 
8,171   
4,352   
5,062   
30,861    $ 

13,135  
3,622  
3,890  
3,688  
24,335  

Interest and debt expense was $345,654,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $330,240,000 in the prior year, an 
increase of $15,414,000. This increase was primarily due to (i) $19,887,000 of higher interest expense relating to our variable rate loans, 
(ii) $9,409,000 of higher interest expense from the refinancing of 350 Park Avenue and the $750,000,000 drawn on our $750,000,000 
delayed draw term loan, (iii) $7,052,000 of higher interest expense from the 1535 Broadway capital lease obligation, (iv) $4,836,000 of 
interest expense relating to the December 27, 2017 prepayment of our $450,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 2.50% senior unsecured 
notes due 2019, partially offset by (v) $17,888,000 of higher capitalized interest and debt expense, and (vi) $8,626,000 of interest savings 
from the refinancing of theMART. 

Net Gains on Disposition of Wholly Owned and Partially Owned Assets 

The net gain of $501,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, resulted from the sale of residential condominiums. The net gain of 
$160,433,000 in the prior year primarily consists of a $159,511,000 net gain on sale of our 47% ownership interest in 7 West 34th Street 
and $714,000 from the sale of residential condominiums. 

Income Tax Expense 

In the year ended December 31, 2017, we had an income tax expense of $42,375,000, compared to $7,923,000 in the prior year, an 
increase of $34,452,000. This increase resulted primarily from the $34,800,000 of expense due to the reduction of our taxable REIT 
subsidiaries' deferred tax assets based on the decrease in corporate tax rates under the December 22, 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued 

(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations 

We have reclassified the revenues and expenses of our former Washington, DC segment which was spun off on July 17, 2017, and 
other related retail assets that were sold to “income (loss) from discontinued operations” and the related assets and liabilities to “other 
assets” and  “other liabilities” for all the  periods presented  in the accompanying  financial statements. The table below sets  forth  the 
combined results of assets related to discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total revenues 

Total expenses 

JBGS spin-off transaction costs 

Net gains on sale of real estate, a lease position and other 

Income (loss) from partially-owned entities 

Net gain on early extinguishment of debt 

Impairment losses 

Pretax (loss) income from discontinued operations 

Income tax expense 

(Loss) income from discontinued operations 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2017 

2016 

261,290    $ 
212,169   
49,121   
(68,662 )  
6,605   
435   
—   
—   
(12,501 )  
(727 )  

(13,228 )   $ 

521,084  
442,032  
79,052  

(16,586 ) 
20,376  
(3,559 ) 
487,877  

(161,165 ) 
405,995  

(1,083 ) 
404,912  

$ 

$ 

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries 

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries was $25,802,000 in the year ended December 31, 
2017, compared to $21,351,000 in the prior year, an increase of $4,451,000. This increase resulted primarily from higher net income 
allocated to the noncontrolling interests of our real estate fund investments. 

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in the Operating Partnership (Vornado Realty Trust) 

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership was $10,910,000 in the year ended December 31, 
2017, compared to $53,654,000 in the prior year, a decrease of $42,744,000. This decrease resulted primarily from lower net income 
subject to allocation to unitholders. 

Preferred Share Dividends of Vornado Realty Trust 

Preferred share dividends were $65,399,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $75,903,000 in the prior year, a 
decrease of $10,504,000. This decrease resulted primarily from the redemption of the 6.875% Series J cumulative redeemable preferred 
shares on September 1, 2016. 

Preferred Unit Distributions of Vornado Realty L.P. 

Preferred unit distributions were $65,593,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $76,097,000 in the prior year, a 
decrease of $10,504,000. This decrease resulted primarily from the redemption of the 6.875% Series J cumulative redeemable preferred 
units on September 1, 2016. 

Preferred Share/Unit Issuance Costs 

In the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized a $7,408,000 expense in connection with the write-off of issuance costs upon 

redeeming all of the outstanding 6.875% Series J cumulative redeemable preferred shares/units on September 1, 2016. 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued 

Same Store Net Operating Income At Share 

Same store NOI at share represents NOI at share from operations which are owned by us and in service in both the current and prior 
year reporting periods. Same store NOI at share - cash basis is NOI at share from operations before straight-line rental income and expense, 
amortization of acquired below and above market leases, net and other non-cash adjustments which are owned by us and in service in both 
the  current  and  prior  year  reporting  periods.  We  present  these  non-GAAP  measures  to  (i)  facilitate  meaningful  comparisons  of  the 
operational performance of our properties and segments, (ii) make decisions on whether to buy, sell or refinance properties,  and (iii) 
compare the performance of our properties and segments to those of our peers. Same store NOI at share and same store NOI at share - cash 
basis should not be considered as an alternative to net income or cash flow from operations and may not be comparable to similarly titled 
measures employed by other companies. 

Below are reconciliations of NOI at share to same store NOI at share for our New York segment, theMART, 555 California Street and 

other investments for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2017 

Less NOI at share from: 

Acquisitions 

Dispositions 

Development properties 

Lease termination income, net of write-offs of straight-line 

receivables and acquired below-market leases, net 

Other non-operating income, net 

Same store NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2017 

NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2016 

Less NOI at share from: 

Acquisitions 

Dispositions 

Development properties 

Lease termination income, net of write-offs of straight-line 

receivables and acquired below-market leases, net 

Other non-operating income, net 

Same store NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2016 

Total 

  New York 

theMART 

$  1,401,383     $  1,166,065    

$ 

102,339    

$ 

555 
California 
Street 
47,588     $ 

Other 

85,391  

(19,863 )   
(698 )   
816    

(20,027 )   
(698 )   
816    

(1,993 )   
(87,694 )   

(1,973 )   
(2,303 )   
$  1,291,951     $  1,141,880    

$  1,364,108     $  1,108,526    

(60 )   
(3,107 )   
1,161    

(60 )   
(3,107 )   
82    

10,164 
(114,846 )   

10,559 
(3,610 )   
$  1,257,420     $  1,112,390    

$ 

$ 

$ 

164    
—    
—    

(20 )   
—    
102,483    

98,498    

—    
—    
—    

(157 )   
—    
98,341    

$ 

$ 

$ 

—    
—    
—    

— 
—    
47,588     $ 

—  
—  
—  

— 

(85,391 ) 
—  

45,848     $ 

111,236  

—    
—    
1,079    

(238 )   
—    
46,689     $ 

—  
—  
—  

— 

(111,236 ) 
—  

Increase in same store NOI at share for the year ended December 31, 2017 

compared to December 31, 2016 

$ 

34,531 

  $ 

29,490 

$ 

4,142 

$ 

899 

  $ 

— 

% increase in same store NOI at share 

2.7 %  

2.7 %  (1) 

4.2 %  (2) 

1.9 %  

— % 

____________________ 
(1)  Excluding Hotel Pennsylvania, same store NOI at share increased by 2.3%. 
(2)  The year ended December 31, 2016 includes a $2,000 reversal of an expense accrued in 2015. Excluding this amount, same store NOI at share increased by 6.4%. 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to December 31, 2016 - continued 

Same Store Net Operating Income At Share - continued 

Below  are  reconciliations  of  NOI  at  share  -  cash  basis  to  same  store  NOI  at  share  -  cash  basis  for  our  New  York  segment, 

theMART,555 California Street and other investments for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2017 

Less NOI at share - cash basis from: 

Acquisitions 

Dispositions 

Development properties 

Lease termination income 

Other non-operating income, net 

Total 

  New York 

theMART 

$  1,314,541     $  1,086,863    

$ 

99,242    

$ 

555 
California 
Street 
45,281     $ 

(17,053 )   
(698 )   
814    
(4,958 )   
(86,176 )   

(17,217 )   
(698 )   
814    
(4,927 )   
(3,021 )   

164    
—    
—    
(31 )   
—    

—    
—    
—    
—    
—    

Other 

83,155  

—  
—  
—  
—  
(83,155 ) 

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2017 $  1,206,470 

  $  1,061,814 

NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2016 

$  1,193,631     $ 

965,287    

$ 

$ 

99,375 

92,571    

$ 

$ 

45,281 

  $ 

— 

32,601     $ 

103,172  

Less NOI at share - cash basis from: 

Acquisitions 

Dispositions 

Development properties 

Lease termination income 

Other non-operating income, net 

(13 )   
(2,219 )   
1,368    
(7,917 )   
(105,534 )   

(13 )   
(2,219 )   
289    
(7,272 )   
(2,362 )   

—    
—    
—    
(248 )   
—    

—    
—    
1,079    
(397 )   
—    

—  
—  
—  
—  
(103,172 ) 

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 2016 $  1,079,316 

  $ 

953,710 

$ 

92,323 

$ 

33,283 

  $ 

Increase in same store NOI - cash basis for the year ended December 31, 

2017 compared to December 31, 2016 

$ 

127,154 

  $ 

108,104 

$ 

7,052 

$ 

11,998 

  $ 

— 

— 

% increase in same store NOI at share - cash basis 

11.8 %  

11.3 %  (1) 

7.6 %  (2) 

36.0 %  

— % 

____________________ 
(1)  Excluding Hotel Pennsylvania, same store NOI at share - cash basis increased by 11.0%. 
(2)  The year ended December 31, 2016 includes a $2,000 reversal of an expense accrued in 2015. Excluding this amount, same store NOI at share - cash basis increased by 

10.0%. 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Information 

Net Operating Income At Share by Segment for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 

NOI represents total revenues less operating expenses.  We consider NOI to be the primary non-GAAP financial measure for making 
decisions and assessing the unlevered performance of our segments as it relates to the total return on assets as opposed to the levered return 
on equity. As properties are bought and sold based on NOI, we utilize this measure to make investment decisions as well as to compare the 
performance of our assets to that of our peers. NOI should not be considered a substitute for net income. NOI may not be comparable to 
similarly titled measures employed by other companies. 

Below is a summary of NOI at share by segment for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total revenues 

Operating expenses 

NOI - consolidated 

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

NOI at share 

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net 

and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total revenues 

Operating expenses 

NOI - consolidated 

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

NOI at share 

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net 

and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 

Total 

New York 

Other 

543,417    $ 
254,320   
289,097   
(19,771 )  
60,205   
329,531   

(5,532 )  
323,999    $ 

466,554    $ 
206,696   
259,858   
(13,837 )  
49,178   
295,199   

(6,266 )  
288,933    $ 

76,863  
47,624  
29,239  
(5,934 ) 
11,027  
34,332  

734 
35,066  

For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 

Total 

New York 

Other 

536,226    $ 
225,011   
311,215   
(16,533 )  
69,175   
363,857   

(21,579 )  
342,278    $ 

462,597    $ 
195,421   
267,176   
(11,648 )  
48,700   
304,228   

(21,441 )  
282,787    $ 

73,629  
29,590  
44,039  
(4,885 ) 
20,475  
59,629  

(138 ) 
59,491  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Information - continued 

Net Operating Income At Share by Segment for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 - continued 

The elements of our New York and Other NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are summarized 

below. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

New York: 

Office 

Retail 

Residential 

Alexander's 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Total New York 

Other: 

theMART(1) 

555 California Street 

Other investments(2) 

Total Other 

NOI at share 

For the Three Months Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

$ 

186,832     $ 
85,549    
5,834    
11,023    
5,961    
295,199    

10,981    
14,005    
9,346    
34,332    

$ 

329,531     $ 

189,481  
90,853  
5,920  
11,656  
6,318  
304,228  

24,249  
12,003  
23,377  
59,629  

363,857  

________________________________________ 
(1)  The three months ended December 31, 2018 includes an additional $12,814 real estate tax expense accrual due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of 

theMART. 

(2)  The three months ended December 31, 2017 includes $5,433 from 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (sold on August 3, 2018) and $2,958 from our India real estate 

ventures which were sold in 2017. 

The elements of our New York and Other NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are 

summarized below. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

New York: 

Office 

Retail 

Residential 

Alexander's 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Total New York 

Other: 

theMART(1) 

555 California Street 
Other investments(2) 

Total Other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

For the Three Months Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

$ 

185,624     $ 
80,515    
5,656    
11,129    
6,009    
288,933    

12,758    
13,784    
8,524    
35,066    

$ 

323,999     $ 

175,787  
83,320  
5,325  
12,004  
6,351  
282,787  

24,396  
11,916  
23,179  
59,491  

342,278  

________________________________________ 
(1)  The three months ended December 31, 2018 includes an additional $12,814 real estate tax expense accrual due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of 

theMART. 

(2)  The three months ended December 31, 2017 include $5,359 from 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (sold on August 3, 2018) and $2,958 from our India real estate 

ventures which were sold in 2017. 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
Supplemental Information - continued 

Reconciliation of Net Income to Net Operating Income At Share and Net Operating Income At Share - Cash Basis for the Three 
Months Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Net income 

Deduct: 

Income from partially owned entities 

Loss (income) from real estate fund investments 

Interest and other investment income, net 

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets 

Purchase price fair value adjustment 

Income from discontinued operations 

NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Add: 

Depreciation and amortization expense 

General and administrative expense 

Transaction related costs, impairment loss and other 

Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

Interest and debt expense 

Income tax expense 

NOI at share 

For the Three Months Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

$ 

97,821     $ 

53,551  

(3,090 )   
51,258    
(7,656 )   
(81,203 )   
(44,060 )   
(257 )   
(19,771 )   

112,869    
32,934    
14,637    
60,205    
83,175    
32,669    
329,531    
(5,532 )   
323,999     $ 

(9,622 ) 

(4,889 ) 

(8,294 ) 
—  
—  
(1,273 ) 

(16,533 ) 

114,166  
34,916  
703  
69,175  
93,073  
38,884  
363,857  
(21,579 ) 
342,278  

Non cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

$ 

Net Operating Income At Share by Region 

Below is a summary of the percentages of NOI at share by geographic region for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

Region: 

New York City metropolitan area 

Chicago, IL 

San Francisco, CA 

For the Three Months Ended 
December 31, 

2018 

2017 

92 %  
3 %  
5 %  
100 %  

89 % 

7 % 

4 % 

100 % 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
Supplemental Information - continued 

Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 

Same Store Net Operating Income At Share 

Same store NOI at share represents NOI at share from operations which are owned by us and in service in both the current and prior 
year reporting periods. Same store NOI at share - cash basis is NOI at share from operations before straight-line rental income and expense, 
amortization of acquired below and above market leases, net and other non-cash adjustments which are owned by us and in service in both 
the  current  and  prior  year  reporting  periods.  We  present  these  non-GAAP  measures  to  (i)  facilitate  meaningful  comparisons  of  the 
operational performance of our properties and segments, (ii) make decisions on whether to buy, sell or refinance properties,  and (iii) 
compare the performance of our properties and segments to those of our peers. Same store NOI at share and same store NOI at share - cash 
basis should not be considered as an alternative to net income or cash flow from operations and may not be comparable to similarly titled 
measures employed by other companies. 

Below are reconciliations of NOI at share to same store NOI at share for our New York segment, theMART, 555 California Street and 

other investments for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2018 

Total 
329,531  

$ 

  New York 
295,199  
  $ 

theMART 
10,981  

  $ 

  $ 

555 
California 
Street 
14,005     $ 

Other 

9,346  

Less NOI at share from: 

Acquisitions 

Dispositions 

Development properties 

Lease termination income, net of write-offs of straight-line 

receivables and acquired below-market leases, net 

Other non-operating income, net 

Same store NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2018 

$ 

(337 ) 
19  
(12,623 ) 

(96 ) 

(10,412 ) 
306,082  

  $ 

(337 ) 
19  
(12,637 ) 

368 

(1,066 ) 
281,546  

—  
—  
—  

—    
—    
14    

(464 ) 
—  
10,517  

  $ 

— 
—    
14,019     $ 

  $ 

—  
—  
—  

— 

(9,346 ) 
—  

NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2017 

$ 

363,857  

  $ 

304,228  

  $ 

24,249  

  $ 

12,003     $ 

23,377  

Less NOI at share from: 

Acquisitions 

Dispositions 

Development properties 

2  
(23 ) 

2  
(23 ) 

(12,789 ) 

(12,789 ) 

—  
—  
—  

—    
—    
—    

Lease termination income, net of write-offs of straight-line 

receivables and acquired below-market leases, net 

Other non-operating income, net 

Same store NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2017 

$ 

(984 ) 

(23,377 ) 
326,686  

  $ 

(984 ) 
—  
290,434  

  $ 

— 
—  
24,249  

  $ 

— 
—    
12,003     $ 

—  
—  
—  

— 

(23,377 ) 
—  

(Decrease) increase in same store NOI at share for the three months ended 

December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 

$ 

(20,604 ) 

  $ 

(8,888 ) 

  $ 

(13,732 ) 

  $ 

2,016 

  $ 

— 

% (decrease) increase in same store NOI at share 

(6.3 )%  

(3.1 )%  (1) 

(56.6 )%  (2) 

16.8 %  

— % 

____________________ 
(1)  Excluding Hotel Pennsylvania, same store NOI at share decreased by 3.0%. 
(2)  The three months ended December 31, 2018 includes an additional $12,814 real estate tax expense accrual due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of 

theMART. 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Information - continued 

Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 - continued 

Same Store Net Operating Income At Share - continued 

Below  are  reconciliations  of  NOI  at  share  -  cash  basis  to  same  store  NOI  at  share  -  cash  basis  for  our  New  York  segment, 
theMART,555 California Street and other investments for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 31, 2018 

$ 

Less NOI at share - cash basis from: 

Acquisitions 

Dispositions 

Development properties 

Lease termination income 

Other non-operating income, net 

Total 
323,999  

  New York 
288,933  
  $ 

theMART 
12,758  

  $ 

555 
California 
Street 

  $ 

13,784     $ 

(336 ) 
19  
(14,628 ) 

(563 ) 

(9,590 ) 

(336 ) 
19  
(14,642 ) 

(43 ) 

(1,066 ) 

—  
—  
—  
(520 ) 
—  

—    
—    
14    
—    
—    

Other 

8,524  

—  
—  
—  
—  
(8,524 ) 

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 

31, 2018 

$ 

298,901 

  $ 

272,865 

  $ 

12,238 

  $ 

13,798 

  $ 

— 

NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 31, 2017 

$ 

342,278  

  $ 

282,787  

  $ 

24,396  

  $ 

11,916     $ 

23,179  

Less NOI at share - cash basis from: 

Acquisitions 

Dispositions 

Development properties 

Lease termination income 

Other non-operating income, net 

2  
76  
(13,677 ) 

(1,393 ) 

(23,180 ) 

2  
76  
(13,677 ) 

(1,393 ) 

(1 ) 

—  
—  
—  
—  
—  

—    
—    
—    
—    
—    

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 

31, 2017 

$ 

304,106 

  $ 

267,794 

  $ 

24,396 

  $ 

11,916 

  $ 

(Decrease) increase in same store NOI at share - cash basis for the three 

months ended December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 

$ 

(5,205 ) 

  $ 

5,071 

  $ 

(12,158 ) 

  $ 

1,882 

  $ 

—  
—  
—  
—  
(23,179 ) 

— 

— 

% (decrease) increase in same store NOI at share - cash basis 

(1.7 )%  

1.9 %  (1) 

(49.8 )%  (2) 

15.8 %  

— % 

____________________ 
(1)  Excluding Hotel Pennsylvania, same store NOI at share - cash basis increased by 2.1%. 
(2)  The three months ended December 31, 2018 includes an additional $12,814 real estate tax expense accrual due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of 

theMART. 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Information - continued 

Net Operating Income At Share by Segment for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 

NOI represents total revenues less operating expenses.  We consider NOI to be the primary non-GAAP financial measure for making 
decisions and assessing the unlevered performance of our segments as it relates to the total return on assets as opposed to the levered return 
on equity. As properties are bought and sold based on NOI, we utilize this measure to make investment decisions as well as to compare the 
performance of our assets to that of our peers. NOI should not be considered a substitute for net income. NOI may not be comparable to 
similarly titled measures employed by other companies. 

Below is a summary of NOI at share and NOI at share - cash basis by segment for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 

September 30, 2018. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total revenues 

Operating expenses 

NOI - consolidated 

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

NOI at share 

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net 

and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total revenues 

Operating expenses 

NOI - consolidated 

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

NOI at share 

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net 

and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 

Total 

New York 

Other 

543,417    $ 
254,320   
289,097   
(19,771 )  
60,205   
329,531   

(5,532 )  
323,999    $ 

466,554    $ 
206,696   
259,858   
(13,837 )  
49,178   
295,199   

(6,266 )  
288,933    $ 

76,863  
47,624  
29,239  

(5,934 ) 
11,027  
34,332  

734 
35,066  

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 

Total 

New York 

Other 

542,048    $ 
235,575   
306,473   
(16,943 )  
60,094   
349,624   

(8,743 )  
340,881    $ 

462,446    $ 
200,949   
261,497   
(11,348 )  
47,179   
297,328   

(9,125 )  
288,203    $ 

79,602  
34,626  
44,976  

(5,595 ) 
12,915  
52,296  

382 
52,678  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Information - continued 

Net Operating Income At Share by Segment for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 - continued 

The elements of our New York and Other NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 are 

summarized below. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

New York: 

Office 

Retail 

Residential 

Alexander's 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Total New York 

Other: 

theMART(1) 

555 California Street 
Other investments(2) 

Total Other 

NOI at share 

For the Three Months Ended 

December 31, 2018 

September 30, 2018 

$ 

186,832     $ 
85,549    
5,834    
11,023    
5,961    
295,199    

10,981    
14,005    
9,346    
34,332    

$ 

329,531     $ 

184,146  
92,858  
5,202  
10,626  
4,496  
297,328  

25,257  
13,515  
13,524  
52,296  

349,624  

________________________________________ 
(1)  The three months ended December 31, 2018 includes an additional $12,124 real estate tax expense accrual due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of 

theMART. 

(2)  The three months ended September 30, 2018 includes $1,737 from 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (sold on August 3, 2018). 

The elements of our New York and Other NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and September 30, 

2018 are summarized below. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

New York: 

Office 

Retail 

Residential 

Alexander's 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Total New York 

Other: 

theMART(1) 

555 California Street 

Other investments(2) 

Total Other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

For the Three Months Ended 

December 31, 2018 

September 30, 2018 

$ 

185,624     $ 
80,515    
5,656    
11,129    
6,009    
288,933    

12,758    
13,784    
8,524    
35,066    

$ 

323,999     $ 

181,575  
84,976  
5,358  
11,774  
4,520  
288,203  

26,234  
13,070  
13,374  
52,678  

340,881  

________________________________________ 
(1)  The three months ended December 31, 2018 includes an additional $12,124 real estate tax expense accrual due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of 

theMART. 

(2)  The three months ended September 30, 2018 includes $1,704 from 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (sold on August 3, 2018). 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
Supplemental Information - continued 

Reconciliation of Net Income to Net Operating Income At Share and Net Operating Income At Share - Cash Basis for the Three 
Months Ended December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 

For the Three Months Ended 

December 31, 2018 

September 30, 2018 

$ 

97,821     $ 

219,162  

(3,090 )   
51,258    
(7,656 )   
(81,203 )   
(44,060 )   
(257 )   
(19,771 )   

112,869    
32,934    
14,637    
60,205    
83,175    
32,669    
329,531    
(5,532 )   
323,999     $ 

(7,206 ) 
190  
(2,893 ) 

(141,269 ) 
—  
(61 ) 

(16,943 ) 

113,169  
31,977  
2,510  
60,094  
88,951  
1,943  
349,624  
(8,743 ) 
340,881  

(Amounts in thousands) 

Net income 

Deduct: 

Income from partially owned entities 

Loss from real estate fund investments 

Interest and other investment income, net 

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets 

Purchase price fair value adjustment 

Income from discontinued operations 

NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Add: 

Depreciation and amortization expense 

General and administrative expense 

Transaction related costs, impairment loss and other 

Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

Interest and debt expense 

Income tax expense 

NOI at share 

Non cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

$ 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
Supplemental Information - continued 

Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to September 30, 2018 

Same Store Net Operating Income At Share 

Same store NOI at share represents NOI at share from operations which are owned by us and in service in both the current and prior 
year reporting periods. Same store NOI at share - cash basis is NOI at share from operations before straight-line rental income and expense, 
amortization of acquired below and above market leases, net and other non-cash adjustments which are owned by us and in service in both 
the  current  and  prior  year  reporting  periods.  We  present  these  non-GAAP  measures  to  (i)  facilitate  meaningful  comparisons  of  the 
operational performance of our properties and segments, (ii) make decisions on whether to buy, sell or refinance properties,  and (iii) 
compare the performance of our properties and segments to those of our peers. Same store NOI and same store NOI - cash basis should not 
be considered as an alternative to net income or cash flow from operations and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures 
employed by other companies. 

Below are reconciliations of NOI at share to same store NOI at share for our New York segment, theMART, 555 California Street and 

other investments for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to September 30, 2018. 

Total 
329,531  

$ 

  New York 
295,199  
  $ 

theMART 
10,981  

  $ 

555 
California 
Street 
14,005     $ 

$ 

Other 

9,346  

(Amounts in thousands) 

NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2018 

Less NOI at share from: 

Dispositions 

Development properties 

Lease termination income, net of write-offs of straight-line 

receivables and acquired below-market leases, net 

Other non-operating income, net 

Same store NOI at share for the three months ended December 31, 2018 

$ 

19  
(12,623 ) 

(96 ) 

(10,412 ) 
306,419  

  $ 

19  
(12,637 ) 

368 

(1,066 ) 
281,883  

  $ 

—  
—  

(464 ) 
—  
10,517  

NOI at share for the three months ended September 30, 2018 

$ 

349,624  

  $ 

297,328  

  $ 

25,257  

Less NOI at share from: 

Development properties 

Lease termination income, net of write-offs of straight-line 

receivables and acquired below-market leases, net 

Other non-operating income, net 

Same store NOI at share for the three months ended September 30, 2018 

$ 

(13,488 ) 

(13,474 ) 

1,581 

(14,103 ) 
323,614  

  $ 

1,800 

(579 ) 
285,075  

  $ 

—  

(219 ) 
—  
25,038  

(Decrease) increase in same store NOI at share for the three months ended 

December 31, 2018 compared to September 30, 2018 

$ 

(17,195 ) 

  $ 

(3,192 ) 

  $ 

(14,521 ) 

—    
14    

— 
—    
14,019     $ 

—  
—  

— 

(9,346 ) 
—  

13,515     $ 

13,524  

(14 )   

— 
—    
13,501     $ 

—  

— 

(13,524 ) 
—  

518 

  $ 

— 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

% (decrease) increase in same store NOI at share 

(5.3 )%  

(1.1 )%  (1) 

(58.0 )%  (2) 

3.8 %  

— % 

____________________ 
(1)  Excluding Hotel Pennsylvania, same store NOI at share decreased by 1.7%. 
(2)  The three months ended December 31, 2018 includes an additional $12,124 real estate tax expense accrual due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of 

theMART. 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supplemental Information - continued 

Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to September 30, 2018 - continued 

Same Store Net Operating Income At Share - continued 

Below  are  reconciliations  of  NOI  at  share  -  cash  basis  to  same  store  NOI  at  share  -  cash  basis  for  our  New  York  segment, 
theMART,555 California Street and other investments for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to September 30, 2018. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 31, 2018 

$ 

Less NOI at share - cash basis from: 

Dispositions 

Development properties 

Lease termination income 

Other non-operating income, net 

Total 
323,999  

  New York 
288,933  
  $ 

theMART 
12,758  

  $ 

19  
(14,628 ) 

(563 ) 

(9,590 ) 

19  
(14,642 ) 

(43 ) 

(1,066 ) 

—  
—  
(520 ) 
—  

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended December 

31, 2018 

$ 

299,237 

  $ 

273,201 

  $ 

12,238 

NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended September 30, 2018 

$ 

340,881  

  $ 

288,203  

  $ 

26,234  

Less NOI at share - cash basis from: 

Development properties 

Lease termination income 

Other non-operating income, net 

(14,342 ) 

(318 ) 

(13,954 ) 

(14,328 ) 

(58 ) 

(580 ) 

—  
(260 ) 
—  

Same store NOI at share - cash basis for the three months ended September 

30, 2018 

$ 

312,267 

  $ 

273,237 

  $ 

25,974 

(Decrease) increase in same store NOI at share - cash basis for the three 

months ended December 31, 2018 compared to September 30, 2018  $ 

(13,030 ) 

  $ 

(36 ) 

  $ 

(13,736 ) 

555 
California 
Street 

$ 

13,784     $ 

Other 

8,524  

—    
14    
—    
—    

—  
—  
—  
(8,524 ) 

13,798 

  $ 

— 

13,070     $ 

13,374  

(14 )   
—    
—    

—  
—  
(13,374 ) 

13,056 

  $ 

742 

  $ 

— 

— 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

% (decrease) increase in same store NOI at share - cash basis 

(4.2 )%  

— %  (1) 

(52.9 )%  (2) 

5.7 %  

— % 

____________________ 
(1)  Excluding Hotel Pennsylvania, same store NOI at share - cash basis decreased by 0.6%. 
(2)  The three months ended December 31, 2018 includes an additional $12,124 real estate tax expense accrual due to an increase in the tax-assessed value of 

theMART. 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Related Party Transactions 

Alexander’s, Inc. 

We own 32.4% of Alexander’s. Steven Roth, the Chairman of Vornado’s Board of Trustee’s and its Chief Executive Officer, is also the 
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Alexander’s. We provide various services to Alexander’s in accordance 
with management, development and leasing agreements. These agreements are described in Note 7 - Investments in Partially Owned 
Entities to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Interstate Properties (“Interstate”) 

Interstate is a general partnership in which Mr. Roth is the managing general partner. David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr., 
Trustees of Vornado and Directors of Alexander’s, respectively, are Interstate’s two other general partners. As of December 31, 2018, 
Interstate and its partners beneficially owned an aggregate of approximately 7.1% of the common shares of beneficial interest of Vornado 
and 26.2% of Alexander’s common stock. 

We manage and lease the real estate assets of Interstate pursuant to a management agreement for which we receive an annual fee equal 
to 4% of annual base rent and percentage rent. The management agreement has a term of one year and is automatically renewable unless 
terminated by either of the parties on 60 days’ notice at the end of the term. We believe, based upon comparable fees charged by other real 
estate companies, that the management agreement terms are fair to us. We earned $453,000, $501,000, and $521,000 of management fees 
under the agreement for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

Urban Edge Properties 

We own 4.5% of UE. In 2018, 2017 and 2016, we provided UE with information technology support. UE is providing us with leasing 
and property management services for (i) certain small retail properties that we plan to sell and (ii) our affiliate, Alexander's, Rego retail 
assets. Fees paid to UE for servicing the retail assets of Alexander’s are similar to the fees that we are receiving from Alexander’s. 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources 

Property rental income is our primary source of cash flow and is dependent upon the occupancy and rental rates of our properties. Our 
cash requirements include property operating expenses, capital improvements, tenant improvements, debt service, leasing commissions, 
dividends to shareholders and distributions to unitholders of the Operating Partnership, as well as acquisition and development costs. Other 
sources  of  liquidity  to  fund  cash  requirements  include  proceeds  from  debt  financings,  including  mortgage  loans,  senior  unsecured 
borrowings, unsecured term loan and unsecured revolving credit facilities; proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred equity 
securities; and asset sales. 

We anticipate that cash flow from continuing operations over the next twelve months will be adequate to fund our business operations, 
cash distributions to unitholders of the Operating Partnership, cash dividends to shareholders, debt amortization and recurring capital 
expenditures. Capital requirements for development expenditures and acquisitions may require funding from borrowings and/or equity 
offerings. 

We  expect  to  generate  approximately  $1  billion  of  after  tax  net  income  from  the  sales  of  100%  of  the  220  CPS  residential 
condominium units.  As of December 31, 2018, 83% of the condominium units are sold or under sales contracts, with closings scheduled 
through 2020. 

We may from time to time purchase or retire outstanding debt securities or redeem our equity securities. Such purchases, if any, will 
depend  on  prevailing  market  conditions,  liquidity  requirements  and  other  factors.  The  amounts  involved  in  connection  with  these 
transactions could be material to our consolidated financial statements. 

Dividends 

On January 16, 2019, Vornado declared a quarterly common dividend of $0.66 per share (an indicated annual rate of $2.64 per common 
share). This dividend, if and when declared by the Board of Trustees for all of 2019, will require Vornado to pay out approximately 
$503,000,000 of cash for common share dividends. In addition, during 2019, Vornado expects to pay approximately $50,000,000 of cash 
dividends on outstanding preferred shares and approximately $33,000,000 of cash distributions to unitholders of the Operating Partnership. 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued 

Financing Activities and Contractual Obligations 

We have an effective shelf registration for the offering of our equity and debt securities that is not limited in amount due to our status as 
a “well-known seasoned issuer.” We have issued senior unsecured notes from a shelf registration statement that contain financial covenants 
that restrict our ability to incur debt, and that require us to maintain a level of unencumbered assets based on the level of our secured 
debt. Our unsecured revolving credit facilities contain financial covenants that require us to maintain minimum interest coverage and 
maximum  debt  to  market  capitalization  ratios,  and  provide  for  higher  interest  rates  in  the  event  of  a  decline  in  our  ratings  below 
Baa3/BBB. Our unsecured revolving credit facilities also contain customary conditions precedent to borrowing, including representations 
and warranties, and contain customary events of default that could give rise to accelerated repayment, including such items as failure to pay 
interest or principal. As of December 31, 2018, we are in compliance with all of the financial covenants required by our senior unsecured 
notes and our unsecured revolving credit facilities. 

As of December 31, 2018, we had $570,916,000 of cash and cash equivalents and $2,406,663,000 of borrowing capacity under our 
unsecured revolving credit facilities, net of letters of credit of $13,337,000. A summary of our consolidated debt as of December 31, 2018 
and 2017 is presented below. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

2018 

2017 

Consolidated debt: 

Variable rate 

Fixed rate 

Total 

Deferred financing costs, net and other 

Total, net 

December 31, 
Balance 

Weighted 
Average 
Interest Rate 

December 31, 
Balance 

Weighted 
Average 
Interest Rate 

$ 

$ 

3,292,382   
6,603,465   
9,895,847   

(59,226 )    
9,836,621     

4.31% 

3.65% 

3.87% 

  $ 

  $ 

3,492,133   
6,311,706   
9,803,839   

(74,352 )    
9,729,487     

3.19% 

3.72% 

3.53% 

Our  consolidated  outstanding  debt,  net  of  deferred  financing  costs  and  other,  was  $9,836,621,000  at  December  31,  2018,  a 
$107,134,000 increase from the balance at December 31, 2017. During 2019 and 2020, $95,782,000 and $2,142,369,000, respectively, of 
our outstanding debt matures; we may refinance this maturing debt as it comes due or choose to repay it using cash and cash equivalents or 
our  unsecured  revolving  credit  facilities. We  may  also  refinance  or  prepay  other  outstanding  debt  depending  on  prevailing  market 
conditions, liquidity requirements and other factors. The amounts involved in connection with these transactions could be material to our 
consolidated financial statements. 

Below is a schedule of our contractual obligations and commitments at December 31, 2018. 

(Amounts in thousands) 
Contractual cash obligations (principal and interest(1)): 

Notes and mortgages payable 

Operating leases 

Purchase obligations, primarily construction commitments 

Senior unsecured notes due 2025 

Senior unsecured notes due 2022 

Unsecured term loan 

Revolving credit facilities 

Total contractual cash obligations 

Commitments: 

Capital commitments to partially owned entities 

Standby letters of credit 

Total commitments 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1 – 3 Years 

3 – 5 Years 

Thereafter 

Total 
8,937,508    $ 
1,835,219   
487,406   
545,156   
460,833   
897,146   
85,858   
13,249,126    $ 

Less than 
1 Year 
2,850,760    $ 
46,147   
487,406   
15,750   
20,000   
29,038   
2,840   
3,451,941    $ 

4,110,306    $ 
87,858   
—   
31,500   
40,000   
58,076   
83,018   
4,410,758    $ 

1,426,256    $ 
88,587   
—   
31,500   
400,833   
57,639   
—   

2,004,815    $ 

18,227    $ 
13,337   
31,564    $ 

18,227    $ 
13,337   
31,564    $ 

—    $ 
—   
—    $ 

—    $ 
—   
—    $ 

550,186  
1,612,627  
—  
466,406  
—  
752,393  
—  
3,381,612  

—  
—  
—  

____________________ 
(1) 

Interest on variable rate debt is computed using rates in effect at December 31, 2018. 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued 

Financing Activities and Contractual Obligations – continued 

Details of 2018 financing activities are provided in the “Overview” of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions 

and Results of Operations. Details of 2017 financing activities are discussed below. 

Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility 

On October 17, 2017, we extended one of our two $1.25 billion unsecured revolving credit facilities from November 2018 to January 
2022 with two six-month extension options. The interest rate on the extended facility was lowered from LIBOR plus 1.05% to LIBOR plus 
1.00%. The interest rate and facility fees are the same as our other $1.25 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, which matures in 
February 2021 with two six-month extension options. 

Secured Debt 

On December 27, 2017, we completed a public offering of $450,000,000 3.50% senior unsecured notes due January 15, 2025. The 
interest rate on the senior unsecured notes will be payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15, commencing July 15, 2018. The notes 
were sold at 99.596% of their face amount to yield 3.565%. 

On December 27, 2017, we redeemed all of the $450,000,000 principal amount of our outstanding 2.50% senior unsecured notes 
which were scheduled to mature on June 30, 2019, at a redemption price of approximately 100.71% of the principal amount plus accrued 
interest  through  the  date  of  redemption.  In  connection  therewith,  we  expensed  $4,836,000  of  debt  prepayment  costs  and  wrote-off 
unamortized deferred financing costs which are included in "interest and debt expense" on our consolidated statements of income. 

Preferred Securities 

In December 2017, we sold 12,780,000 5.25% Series M cumulative redeemable preferred shares at a price of $25.00 per share in an 
underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement. We received aggregate net proceeds of $309,609,000, after 
underwriters’ discounts and issuance costs and contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 12,780,000 5.25% 
Series M preferred units (with economic terms that mirror those of the Series M preferred shares). Dividends on the Series M preferred 
shares/units are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears. The Series M preferred shares/units are not convertible into, or exchangeable 
for, any of our properties or securities. On or after five years from the date of issuance (or sooner under limited circumstances), we may 
redeem the Series M preferred shares/units at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends through the date of 
redemption. The Series M preferred shares/units have no maturity date and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed by us. 

In December 2017, we called for redemption of all of the outstanding 6.625% Series G and 6.625% Series I cumulative redeemable 
preferred shares/units. As a result, as of December 31, 2017, we reclassed the 6.625% Series G and 6.625% Series I cumulative redeemable 
preferred shares/units from shareholder's equity/partner's capital to liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. In January 2018, we 
completed the redemption of all of the outstanding Series G and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred shares/units. 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued 

Certain Future Cash Requirements 

Capital Expenditures 

The following table summarizes anticipated 2019 capital expenditures. 

(Amounts in millions, except per square foot data) 

Total 

New York 

theMART 

555 California 
Street 

Expenditures to maintain assets 
Tenant improvements 
Leasing commissions 

Total recurring tenant improvements, leasing commissions and other capital 

expenditures 

Square feet budgeted to be leased (in thousands) 

Weighted average lease term (years) 
Tenant improvements and leasing commissions: 

Per square foot 
Per square foot per annum 

$ 

$ 

110.0    $ 
77.0   
26.0   

213.0 

  $ 

 $ 

95.0    $ 
64.0   
24.0   

183.0 

  $ 

1,100   
10   

80.00    $ 
8.00   

10.0    $ 
13.0   
2.0   

25.0 

  $ 

250   
8   

60.00    $ 
7.50   

5.0  
—  
—  

5.0 

—  
—  

—  
—  

The table above excludes anticipated capital expenditures of each of our partially owned non-consolidated subsidiaries, as these entities 

fund their capital expenditures without additional equity contributions from us. 

Development and Redevelopment Expenditures 

We are constructing a residential condominium tower containing 397,000 salable square feet at 220 CPS. The development cost of this 
project (exclusive of land cost of $515.4 million) is estimated to be approximately $1.4 billion, of which $1.2 billion has been expended as 
of December 31, 2018. 

We are developing a 173,000 square foot Class A office building, located along the western edge of the High Line at 512 West 22nd 
Street in the West Chelsea submarket of Manhattan (55.0% interest). The development cost of this project is estimated to be approximately 
$130,000,000, of which our share is $72,000,000. As of December 31, 2018, $95,464,000 has been expended, of which our share i s 
$52,505,000. 

We are developing a 34,000 square foot office and retail building at 606 Broadway, located on the northeast corner of Broadway and 
Houston Street in Manhattan (50.0% interest). The development cost of this project is estimated to be approximately $60,000,000, of which 
our share is $30,000,000. As of December 31, 2018, $51,202,000 has been expended, of which our share is $25,601,000. 

We are redeveloping a 78,000 square foot Class A office building at 345 Montgomery Street, a part of our 555 California Street 
complex in San Francisco (70.0% interest) located at the corner of California and Pine Street. The development cost of this project is 
estimated to be approximately $46,000,000, of which our share is $32,000,000. As of December 31, 2018, $21,834,000 has been expended, 
of which our share is $15,284,000. 

We are redeveloping a 165,000 square foot office building at 825 Seventh Avenue, located at the corner of 53rd Street and Seventh 
Avenue (50.0% interest). The redevelopment cost of this project is estimated to be approximately $30,000,000, of which our share is 
$15,000,000. As of December 31, 2018, $8,967,000 has been expended, of which our share is $4,484,000. 

We are redeveloping PENN1, a 2,545,000 square foot office building located on 34th Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenue. The 
development cost of this project is estimated to be over $200,000,000, of which $9,725,000 has been expended as of December 31, 2018. 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued 

Development and Redevelopment Expenditures - continued 

We are in the planning phase to redevelop PENN2, a 1,634,000 square foot office building located on the west side of 7th Avenue 

between 31st and 33rd Street. 

We are also evaluating other development and redevelopment opportunities at certain of our properties in Manhattan, including, in 

particular, the Penn District. 

Farley Office and Retail Building and Moynihan Train Hall 

Our 95.0% joint venture (the remaining 5.0% is owned by the Related Companies "Related") is developing the Farley Office and Retail 
Building (the "Project"), which will include approximately 850,000 rentable square feet of commercial space, comprised of approximately 
730,000 square feet of office space and approximately 120,000 square feet of retail space. The total development cost of the Project is 
estimated to be approximately $800,000,000 (exclusive of a $230,000,000 upfront contribution and net of anticipated historic tax credits). 
As of December 31, 2018, $144,491,000 has been expended. 

The joint venture has entered into a development agreement with Empire State Development (“ESD”), an entity of New York State, to 
build the adjacent Moynihan Train Hall, with Vornado and Related each guaranteeing the joint venture's obligations. The joint venture has 
entered into a design-build contract with Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders pursuant to which they will build the Moynihan Train Hall, 
thereby fulfilling all of the joint venture's obligations to ESD. The obligations of Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders have been bonded 
by Skanska USA and bear a full guaranty from Skanska AB. The development expenditures for the Moynihan Train Hall are estimated to be 
approximately $1.6 billion, which will be funded by governmental agencies. Pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification 840-40-55, the 
joint venture, which we consolidate on our consolidated balance sheets, is required to recognize all development expenditures for the 
Moynihan Train Hall. Accordingly, the development expenditures paid for by governmental agencies through December 31, 2018 of 
$445,693,000 are shown as “Moynihan Train Hall development expenditures” with a corresponding obligation recorded in “Moynihan 
Train Hall obligation” on our consolidated balance sheets. Upon completion of the development, the "Moynihan Train Hall development 
expenditures" and the offsetting “Moynihan Train Hall obligation” will be removed from our consolidated balance sheets. 

There can be no assurance that any of our development or redevelopment projects will commence, or if commenced, be completed, or 

completed on schedule or within budget. 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
. 

Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued 

Insurance 

We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, and all risk property and rental 
value insurance with limits of $2.0 billion per occurrence, with sub-limits for certain perils such as flood and earthquake. Our California 
properties have earthquake insurance with coverage of $260,000,000 per occurrence and in the aggregate, subject to a deductible in the 
amount of 5% of the value of the affected property. We maintain coverage for terrorism acts with limits of $4.0 billion per occurrence and 
in the aggregate, and $2.0 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate for terrorism involving nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological 
(“NBCR”) terrorism events, as defined by Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015, which expires in December 
2020.   

Penn Plaza Insurance Company, LLC (“PPIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a re-insurer with respect to a portion 
of all risk property and rental value insurance and a portion of our earthquake insurance coverage, and as a direct insurer for coverage for 
acts of terrorism including NBCR acts. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third party insurance 
companies and the Federal government with no exposure to PPIC. For NBCR acts, PPIC is responsible for a deductible of  $1,453,000 and 
19% of the balance of a covered loss and the Federal government is responsible for the remaining portion of a covered loss. We are 
ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by PPIC. 

We  continue  to  monitor  the  state  of  the  insurance  market  and  the  scope  and  costs  of  coverage  for  acts  of  terrorism  and  other 
events. However, we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible 
for deductibles and losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material. 

Our debt instruments, consisting of mortgage loans secured by our properties, senior unsecured notes and revolving credit agreements 
contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have adequate insurance coverage  for 
purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable costs in the future. Further, if 
lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties and 
expand our portfolio. 

Other Commitments and Contingencies 

We are from time to time involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, after consultation with 
legal counsel, the outcome of such matters is not currently expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of 
operations or cash flows. 

Each of our properties has been subjected to varying degrees of environmental assessment at various times. The environmental 
assessments did not reveal any material environmental contamination. However, there can be no assurance that the identification of new 
areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, the discovery of additional sites, or changes in cleanup 
requirements would not result in significant costs to us. 

Our mortgage loans are non-recourse to us, except for the mortgage loan secured by 7 West 34th Street, which we guaranteed and 
therefore is part of our tax basis. In certain cases we have provided guarantees or master leased tenant space. These guarantees and master 
leases terminate either upon the satisfaction of specified circumstances or repayment of the underlying loans. As of December 31, 2018, the 
aggregate dollar amount of these guarantees and master leases is approximately $660,000,000. 

As of December 31, 2018, $13,337,000 of letters of credit were outstanding under one of our unsecured revolving credit facilities. Our 
unsecured revolving credit facilities contain financial covenants that require us to maintain minimum interest coverage and maximum debt 
to market capitalization ratios, and provide for higher interest rates in the event of a decline in our ratings below Baa3/BBB. Our unsecured 
revolving credit facilities also contain customary conditions precedent to borrowing, including representations and warranties, and also 
contain customary events of default that could give rise to accelerated repayment,  including such items as failure to pay interest or 
principal. 

A joint venture in which we own a 95.0% ownership interest was designated by ESD, an entity of New York State, to develop the 
Farley Office and Retail Building. The joint venture entered into a development agreement with ESD and a design-build contract with 
Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders. Under the development agreement with ESD, the joint venture is obligated to build the Moynihan 
Train Hall, with Vornado and Related each guaranteeing the joint venture’s obligations. Under the design-build agreement, Skanska 
Moynihan Train Hall Builders is obligated to fulfill all of the joint venture’s obligations. The obligations of Skanska Moynihan Train Hall 
Builders have been bonded by Skanska USA and bear a full guaranty from Skanska AB. 

As of December 31, 2018, we expect to fund additional capital to certain of our partially owned entities aggregating approximately 

$18,000,000. 

As of December 31, 2018, we have construction commitments aggregating approximately $404,000,000. 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued 

Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 

Our cash flow activities for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are summarized as follows: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Net cash provided by operating activities 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Net cash used in financing activities 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

Decrease in Cash 
Flow 

$ 

802,641    $ 
(877,722 )   
(1,122,826 )  

860,142    $ 
(206,317 )   
(338,344 )  

(57,501 ) 

(671,405 ) 

(784,482 ) 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash was $716,905,000 at December 31, 2018, a $1,197,907,000 decrease from the balance at 

December 31, 2017. 

Net cash provided by operating activities of $802,641,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018 was comprised of $824,306,000 of 
cash from operations, including distributions of income from partially owned entities of $78,831,000 and return of capital from real estate 
fund investments of $20,290,000, and a net decrease of $21,665,000 in cash due to the timing of cash receipts and payments related to 
changes in operating assets and liabilities. 

The following table details the cash used in investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Acquisitions of real estate and other 

Development costs and construction in progress 

Additions to real estate 

Proceeds from sales of real estate and related investments 

Proceeds from sale of condominium units at 220 Central Park South 

Investments in loans receivable 

Distributions of capital from partially owned entities 

Moynihan Train Hall expenditures 

Investments in partially owned entities 

Proceeds from repayments of loans receivable 

Proceeds from sale of marketable securities 

Net consolidation of Farley Office and Retail Building 

Proceeds from the repayment of JBG SMITH Properties loan receivable 

Net cash used in investing activities 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

(Decrease) Increase 
in Cash Flow 

(574,812 )   $ 
(418,186 )   
(234,602 )   
219,731    
214,776    
(105,000 )   
100,178    
(74,609 )   
(37,131 )   
25,757    
4,101    
2,075    
—    
(877,722 )   $ 

(30,607 )   $ 
(355,852 )   
(271,308 )   
9,543    
—    
—    
366,155    
—    
(40,537 )   
659    
—    
—    
115,630    
(206,317 )   $ 

(544,205 ) 

(62,334 ) 
36,706  
210,188  
214,776  
(105,000 ) 

(265,977 ) 

(74,609 ) 
3,406  
25,098  
4,101  
2,075  
(115,630 ) 

(671,405 ) 

$ 

$ 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued 

Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to December 31, 2017 - continued 

The following table details the cash used in financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Repayments of borrowings 

Proceeds from borrowings 

Dividends paid on common shares/Distributions to Vornado 

Redemption of preferred shares/units 

Distributions to redeemable security holders and noncontrolling interests in consolidated 

subsidiaries 

Moynihan Train Hall reimbursement from Empire State Development 

Contributions from noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Dividends paid on preferred shares/Distributions to preferred unitholders 

Repurchase of shares/Class A units related to stock compensation agreements and related tax 

withholdings and other 

Debt issuance costs 

Proceeds received from exercise of Vornado stock options and other 

Debt prepayment and extinguishment costs 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the spin-off of JBG SMITH 

Properties ($275,000 plus The Bartlett financing proceeds less transaction costs and other 
mortgage items) 

Proceeds from issuance of preferred shares/units 

Net cash used in financing activities 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

(Decrease) Increase 
in Cash Flow 

$ 

$ 

(685,265 )   $ 
526,766    
(479,348 )   
(470,000 )   

(76,149 )   
74,609    
61,062    
(55,115 )   

(12,969 )   
(12,908 )   
7,309    
(818 )   

— 
—    
(1,122,826 )   $ 

(631,681 )   $ 
1,055,872    
(496,490 )   
—    

(109,697 )   
—    
1,044    
(64,516 )   

(418 )   
(12,325 )   
29,712    
(3,217 )   

(416,237 )   
309,609    
(338,344 )   $ 

(53,584 ) 

(529,106 ) 
17,142  
(470,000 ) 

33,548 
74,609  
60,018  
9,401  

(12,551 ) 

(583 ) 

(22,403 ) 
2,399  

416,237 

(309,609 ) 

(784,482 ) 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued 

Capital Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 

Capital expenditures consist of expenditures to maintain assets, tenant improvement allowances and leasing commissions. Recurring 
capital expenditures include expenditures to maintain a property’s competitive position within the market and tenant improvements and 
leasing commissions necessary to re-lease expiring leases or renew or extend existing leases. Non-recurring capital improvements include 
expenditures to lease space that has been vacant for more than nine months and expenditures completed in the year of acquisition and the 
following two years that were planned at the time of acquisition, as well as tenant improvements and leasing commissions for space that 
was vacant at the time of acquisition of a property. 

Below is a summary of amounts paid for capital expenditures and leasing commissions for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Expenditures to maintain assets 

Tenant improvements 

Leasing commissions 

Recurring tenant improvements, leasing commissions and other capital expenditures 

Non-recurring capital expenditures 

Total capital expenditures and leasing commissions 

Total 

New York 

theMART 

555 California 
Street 

$ 

$ 

92,386     $ 
100,191    
33,254    
225,831    
43,135    
268,966  

 $ 

70,954     $ 
76,187    
29,435    
176,576    
31,381    
207,957  

 $ 

13,282     $ 
15,106    
459    
28,847    
260    

29,107  

 $ 

8,150  
8,898  
3,360  
20,408  
11,494  
31,902  

Development and Redevelopment Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2018 

Development and redevelopment expenditures consist of all hard and soft costs associated with the development or redevelopment of a 
property, including capitalized interest, debt and operating costs until the property is substantially completed and ready for its intended use. 
Our development project estimates below include initial leasing costs, which are reflected as non-recurring capital expenditures in the table 
above. 

Below is a summary of amounts paid for development and redevelopment expenditures in the year ended December 31, 2018. These 
expenditures include interest and debt expense of $73,166,000, payroll of $12,120,000, and other soft costs (primarily architectural and 
engineering fees, permits, real estate taxes and professional fees) aggregating $66,651,000, which were capitalized in connection with the 
development and redevelopment of these projects. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

220 Central Park South 

Farley Office and Retail Building 

345 Montgomery Street 

606 Broadway 

PENN1 

1535 Broadway 

Other 

Total 

New York 

theMART 

555 California 
Street 

Other 

$ 

$ 

295,827    $ 
18,995   
18,187   
15,959   
8,856   
8,645   
51,717   
418,186    $ 

—    $ 

18,995   
—   
15,959   
8,856   
8,645   
36,660   
89,115    $ 

—    $ 
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
10,790   
10,790    $ 

—    $ 
—   
18,187   
—   
—   
—   
445   
18,632    $ 

295,827  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
3,822  
299,649  

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued 

Capital Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2017 

Below is a summary of amounts paid for capital expenditures and leasing commissions for the year ended December 31, 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Expenditures to maintain assets 

Tenant improvements 

Leasing commissions 

Recurring tenant improvements, leasing commissions and other 

capital expenditures 

Non-recurring capital expenditures 

Total capital expenditures and leasing commissions 

$ 

$ 

New York 

theMART 

555 California 
Street 

Other 

Total 
111,629     $ 
128,287    
36,447    

79,567     $ 
83,639    
26,114    

12,772     $ 
8,730    
1,701    

23,203 

—    

9,689     $ 
19,327    
1,330    

30,346 
7,159    
37,505  

 $ 

9,601   
16,591   
7,302   

33,494 

228    
33,722   (1) 

276,363 
35,149    
311,512  

 $ 

189,320 
27,762    
217,082  

 $ 

23,203  

 $ 

___________________ 
(1)  Effective July 17, 2017, the date of the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment, capital expenditures and leasing commissions of our former Washington, DC segment 

have been reclassified to the Other segment. 

Development and Redevelopment Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2017 

Below is a summary of amounts paid for development and redevelopment expenditures in the year ended December 31, 2017. These 
expenditures include interest and debt expense of $48,230,000, payroll of $6,044,000, and other soft costs (primarily architectural and 
engineering fees, permits, real estate taxes and professional fees) aggregating $28,197,000, which were capitalized in connection with the 
development and redevelopment of these projects. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

220 Central Park South 

606 Broadway 

90 Park Avenue 

345 Montgomery Street 

theMART 

PENN1 

Other 

Total 

New York 

theMART 

  555 California 
Street 

Other 

$ 

$ 

265,791    $ 
15,997   
7,523   
5,950   
5,342   
1,462   
53,787   
355,852    $ 

—    $ 

15,997   
7,523   
—   
—   
1,462   
18,392   
43,374    $ 

—    $ 
—   
—   
—   
5,342   
—   
799   
6,141    $ 

—    $ 
—   
—   
5,950   
—   
—   
6,465   
12,415    $ 

265,791  
—  
—  
—  
—  
—  
28,131  
293,922  

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources – continued 

Capital Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Below is a summary of amounts paid for capital expenditures and leasing commissions for the year ended December 31, 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Expenditures to maintain assets 

Tenant improvements 

Leasing commissions 

Recurring tenant improvements, leasing commissions and other 

capital expenditures 

Non-recurring capital expenditures 

Total capital expenditures and leasing commissions 

$ 

$ 

New York 

theMART 

555 California 
Street 

Other 

Total 
119,076     $ 
219,751    
47,906    

65,561     $ 
112,687    
38,134    

20,098     $ 
29,738    
2,070    

51,906 

—    

9,954     $ 
9,904    
1,486    

21,344 
2,154    
23,498  

 $ 

23,463   
67,422   
6,216   

97,101 
8,897    
105,998   (1) 

386,733 
58,693    
445,426  

 $ 

216,382 
47,642    
264,024  

 $ 

51,906  

 $ 

___________________ 
(1)  Effective July 17, 2017, the date of the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment, capital expenditures and leasing commissions of our former Washington, DC segment 

have been reclassified to the Other segment. 

Development and Redevelopment Expenditures for the Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Below is a summary of amounts paid for development and redevelopment expenditures in the year ended December 31, 2016. These 
expenditures include interest and debt expense of $34,097,000, payroll of $12,516,000, and other soft costs (primarily architectural and 
engineering fees, permits, real estate taxes and professional fees) aggregating $46,995,000, which were capitalized in connection with the 
development and redevelopment of these projects. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

220 Central Park South 

640 Fifth Avenue 

90 Park Avenue 

theMART 

Wayne Towne Center 

330 West 34th Street 

Other 

Total 

New York 

theMART 

555 California 
Street 

Other 

$ 

$ 

303,974    $ 
46,282   
33,308   
24,788   
8,461   
5,492   
184,260   
606,565    $ 

—    $ 

46,282   
33,308   
—   
—   
5,492   
33,121   
118,203    $ 

—    $ 
—   
—   
24,788   
—   
—   
1,384   
26,172    $ 

—    $ 
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
9,150   
9,150    $ 

303,974   
—   
—   
—   
8,461   
—   
140,605   (1) 
453,040    

___________________ 
(1)  Primarily relates to our former Washington, DC segment which was spun-off on July 17, 2017. 

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Funds From Operations 

Vornado Realty Trust 

FFO is computed in accordance with the definition adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate 
Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”). NAREIT defines FFO as GAAP net income or loss adjusted to exclude net gains from sales of depreciable 
real estate assets, real estate impairment losses, depreciation and amortization expense from real estate assets and other specified items, 
including the pro rata share of such adjustments of unconsolidated subsidiaries. FFO and FFO per diluted share are non-GAAP financial 
measures used by our management, investors and analysts to facilitate meaningful comparisons of operating performance between periods 
and among our peers because it excludes the effect of real estate depreciation and amortization and net gains on sales, which are based on 
historical costs and implicitly assume that the value of real estate diminishes predictably over time, rather than fluctuating based on existing 
market conditions. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities and is not necessarily indicative of cash available to 
fund cash requirements and should not be considered as an alternative to net income as a performance measure or cash flow as a liquidity 
measure. FFO may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies. The calculations of both the numerator 
and denominator used in the computation of income per share are disclosed in Note 19 – Income Per Share/Income Per Class A Unit, in our 
consolidated financial statements on page 150 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

In  accordance  with  the  NAREIT  December  2018  restated  definition  of  FFO,  we  have  elected  to  exclude  the  mark-to-market 
adjustments of marketable equity securities from the calculation of FFO. Our FFO for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 has been 
adjusted to exclude the $26,602,000, or $0.13 per share, decrease in fair value of marketable equity securities previously reported. 

FFO attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversions was $210,100,000, or $1.10 per diluted share, for the three 
months  ended  December  31,  2018,  compared  to  $153,151,000,  or  $0.80  per  diluted  share,  for  the  prior  year's  three  months.  FFO 
attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversions was $729,740,000, or $3.82 per diluted share, for the year ended December 
31, 2018, compared to $717,805,000, or $3.75 per diluted share, for the prior year. Details of certain items that impact FFO are discussed in 
the financial results summary of our “Overview.” 

91 

 
 
 
 
FFO - continued 

Vornado Realty Trust - continued 

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Reconciliation of our net income attributable to common shareholders to 
FFO attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversions: 

Net income attributable to common shareholders 

Per diluted share 

FFO adjustments: 

Depreciation and amortization of real property 

Net gains on sale of real estate 

Real estate impairment losses 

Decrease in fair value of marketable securities 

After-tax purchase price fair value adjustment on depreciable real estate 

Proportionate share of adjustments to equity in net income of 

   partially owned entities to arrive at FFO: 

Depreciation and amortization of real property 

Net gains on sale of real estate 

Real estate impairment losses 

Decrease in fair value of marketable securities 

Noncontrolling interests' share of above adjustments 

FFO adjustments, net 

FFO attributable to common shareholders 

Convertible preferred share dividends 

Earnings allocated to Out-Performance Plan units 

FFO attributable to common shareholders plus assumed conversions 

Per diluted share 

Reconciliation of Weighted Average Shares 

Weighted average common shares outstanding 

Effect of dilutive securities: 

Employee stock options and restricted share awards 

Convertible preferred shares 

Out-Performance Plan units 

Denominator for FFO per diluted share 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

For the Three Months Ended 
December 31, 

For the Year Ended 
December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2018 

2017 

100,494    $ 
0.53    $ 

27,319    $ 
0.14    $ 

384,832    $ 
2.01    $ 

104,067    $ 
—   
12,000   
1,652   
(27,289 )  

24,309   
—   
—   
2,081   
116,820   
(7,229 )  
109,591    $ 

210,085    $ 
15   
—   
210,100    $ 
1.10    $ 

190,348   

814   
37   
—   
191,199   

106,017    $ 
—   
—   
—   
—   

28,247   
(585 )  
145   
—   
133,824   
(8,010 )  
125,814    $ 

153,133    $ 
18   
—   
153,151    $ 
0.80    $ 

189,898   

1,122   
43   
—   
191,063   

413,091    $ 
(158,138 )  
12,000   
26,453   
(27,289 )  

101,591   
(3,998 )  
—   
3,882   
367,592   
(22,746 )  
344,846    $ 

729,678    $ 
62   
—   
729,740    $ 
3.82    $ 

190,219   

933   
37   
—   
191,189   

162,017  
0.85  

467,966  
(3,797 ) 
—  
—  
—  

137,000  
(17,777 ) 
7,692  
—  
591,084  

(36,420 ) 
554,664  

716,681  
77  
1,047  
717,805  
3.75  

189,526  

1,448  
46  
284  
191,304  

92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
ITEM 7A.  

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 

We have exposure to fluctuations in market interest rates. Market interest rates are sensitive to many factors that are beyond our 
control. Our exposure to a change in interest rates on our consolidated and non-consolidated debt (all of which arises out of non-trading 
activity) is as follows: 

(Amounts in thousands, except per share and unit amounts) 

2018 

2017 

December 31, 
Balance 

Weighted 
Average 
Interest Rate 

Effect of 1% 
Change In 
Base Rates 

December 31, 
Balance 

Weighted 
Average 
Interest Rate 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

3,292,382   
6,603,465   
9,895,847   

1,300,797   
1,382,068   
2,682,865   

4.31% 

3.65% 

3.87% 

4.05% 

4.19% 

4.12% 

Consolidated debt: 

Variable rate 

Fixed rate 

Pro rata share of debt of non-consolidated entities(1): 

Variable rate 

Fixed rate 

Noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated subsidiaries 

Total change in annual net income attributable to the Operating 

Partnership 

Noncontrolling interests’ share of the Operating Partnership 

Total change in annual net income attributable to Vornado 

Total change in annual net income attributable to the Operating 

Partnership per diluted Class A unit 

Total change in annual net income attributable to Vornado per 

diluted share 

3,492,133   
6,311,706   
9,803,839   

1,395,001   
2,035,888   
3,430,889   

3.19% 

3.72% 

3.53% 

3.24% 

4.89% 

4.22% 

  $ 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

32,924    $ 
—   
32,924    $ 

13,008    $ 
—   
13,008    $ 
(1,649 )    

44,283 
(2,741 )    
41,542     

0.22 

0.22 

_______________________ 
(1)  As a result of Toys “R” Us (“Toys”) filing a voluntary petition under chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, we determined the Company no longer has the 

ability to exercise significant influence over Toys. Accordingly, we have excluded our share of Toys debt. 

We may utilize various financial instruments to mitigate the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our cash flows and earnings, 
including hedging strategies, depending on our analysis of the interest rate environment and the costs and risks of such strategies. As of 
December 31, 2018, we have an interest rate swap on a $375,000,000 mortgage loan on 888 Seventh Avenue that swapped the rate from 
LIBOR plus 1.60% (3.99% as of December 31, 2018) to a fixed rate  of 3.15% through  December 2020; an interest rate  swap on a 
$700,000,000 mortgage loan on 770 Broadway that swapped the rate from LIBOR plus 1.75% (4.13% as of December 31, 2018) to a fixed 
rate of 2.56% through September 2020; and an interest rate swap on a $100,000,000 mortgage loan on 33-00 Northern Boulevard that 
swapped the rate from LIBOR plus 1.80% (4.19% as of December 31, 2018) to a fixed rate of 4.14% through January 2025. 

In connection with the extension of our $750,000,000 unsecured term loan, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement that 

swapped the rate from LIBOR plus 1.00% (3.52% as of December 31, 2018) to a fixed rate of 3.87% through October 2023. 

Fair Value of Debt 

The estimated fair value of our consolidated debt is calculated based on current market prices and discounted cash flows at the current 
rate at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings for the remaining term of such debt. As of December 31, 
2018, the estimated fair value of our consolidated debt was $9,856,000,000. 

93 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
   
 
   
 
   
   
 
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
ITEM 8.  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Vornado Realty Trust 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2018 and 2017 

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

 Vornado Realty L.P. 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2018 and 2017 

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

Page 
Number 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 

102 

105 

106 

107 

108 

109 

112 

115 

94 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

Shareholders and Board of Trustees 
Vornado Realty Trust 
New York, New York 

Opinion on the Financial Statements 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Vornado Realty Trust and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 
31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows, for each of 
the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively 
referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years 
in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 
Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 11, 
2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. 

Basis for Opinion 

These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company's  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the 
Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be 
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the 
Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our 
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, 
and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the 
amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant 
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits 
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP 

Parsippany, New Jersey 
February 11, 2019 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1976. 

95 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 

(Amounts in thousands, except unit, share and per share amounts) 

ASSETS 

Real estate, at cost: 
Land 
Buildings and improvements 
Development costs and construction in progress 
Moynihan Train Hall development expenditures 
Leasehold improvements and equipment 

Total 

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 

Real estate, net 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Restricted cash 
Marketable securities 
Tenant and other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,154 and $5,526 
Investments in partially owned entities 
Real estate fund investments 
220 Central Park South condominium units ready for sale 
Receivable arising from the straight-lining of rents, net of allowance of $1,644 and $954 
Deferred leasing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $207,529 and $191,827 
Identified intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $172,114 and $150,837 
Other assets 

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY 

Mortgages payable, net 
Senior unsecured notes, net 
Unsecured term loan, net 
Unsecured revolving credit facilities 
Moynihan Train Hall obligation 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 
Deferred revenue 
Deferred compensation plan 
Preferred shares redeemed on January 4 and 11, 2018 
Other liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Commitments and contingencies 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests: 

Class A units - 12,544,477 and 12,528,899 units outstanding 
Series D cumulative redeemable preferred units - 177,101 units outstanding 

Total redeemable noncontrolling interests 

Vornado's shareholders' equity: 

Preferred shares of beneficial interest: no par value per share; authorized 110,000,000 shares; issued and 

outstanding 36,798,580 and 36,799,573 shares 

Common shares of beneficial interest: $0.04 par value per share; authorized 250,000,000 shares; issued and 

outstanding 190,535,499 and 189,983,858 shares 

Additional capital 
Earnings less than distributions 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 

Total Vornado shareholders' equity 

Noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Total equity 

See notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

96 

December 31, 
 2018 

December 31, 
 2017 

3,306,280    $ 
10,110,992   
2,266,491   
445,693   
108,427   
16,237,883   
(3,180,175 )  
13,057,708   
570,916   
145,989   
152,198   
73,322   
858,113   
318,758   
99,627   
935,131   
400,313   
136,781   
431,938   
17,180,794    $ 

8,167,798    $ 
844,002   
744,821   
80,000   
445,693   
430,976   
167,730   
96,523   
—   
311,806   
11,289,349   

778,134   
5,428   
783,562   

3,143,648  
9,898,605  
1,615,101  
—  
98,941  
14,756,295  
(2,885,283 ) 
11,871,012  
1,817,655  
97,157  
182,752  
58,700  
1,056,829  
354,804  
—  
926,711  
403,492  
159,260  
469,562  
17,397,934  

8,137,139  
843,614  
748,734  
—  
—  
415,794  
227,069  
109,177  
455,514  
468,255  
11,405,296  

979,509  
5,428  
984,937  

891,294 

891,988 

7,600 
7,725,857   
(4,167,184 )  
7,664   
4,465,231   
642,652   
5,107,883   
17,180,794    $ 

7,577 
7,492,658  
(4,183,253 ) 
128,682  
4,337,652  
670,049  
5,007,701  
17,397,934  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME 

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

REVENUES: 

Property rentals 

Tenant expense reimbursements 

Fee and other income 

Total revenues 

EXPENSES: 

Operating 

Depreciation and amortization 

General and administrative 

(Benefit) expense from deferred compensation plan liability 

Transaction related costs, impairment loss and other 

Total expenses 

Operating income 

Income from partially owned entities 

(Loss) income from real estate fund investments 

Interest and other investment income, net 

(Loss) income from deferred compensation plan assets 

Interest and debt expense 

Purchase price fair value adjustment 

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets 

Income before income taxes 

Income tax expense 

Income from continuing operations 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations 

Net income 

Less net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in: 

Consolidated subsidiaries 

Operating Partnership 

Net income attributable to Vornado 

Preferred share dividends 

Preferred share issuance costs 

NET INCOME attributable to common shareholders 

INCOME PER COMMON SHARE – BASIC: 

Income from continuing operations, net 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net 

Net income per common share 

Weighted average shares outstanding 

INCOME PER COMMON SHARE – DILUTED: 

Income from continuing operations, net 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net 

Net income per common share 

Weighted average shares outstanding 

$ 

1,760,205    $ 
247,128   
156,387   
2,163,720   

1,714,952    $ 
233,424   
135,750   
2,084,126   

963,478   
446,570   
141,871   
(2,480 )  
31,320   
1,580,759   
582,961   
9,149   
(89,231 )  
17,057   
(2,480 )  
(347,949 )  
44,060   
246,031   
459,598   
(37,633 )  
421,965   
638   
422,603   

53,023   
(25,672 )  
449,954   
(50,636 )  
(14,486 )  
384,832    $ 

2.02    $ 
—   
2.02    $ 

190,219   

2.01    $ 
—   
2.01    $ 

191,290   

886,596   
429,389   
150,782   
6,932   
1,776   
1,475,475   
608,651   
15,200   
3,240   
30,861   
6,932   
(345,654 )  
—   
501   
319,731   
(42,375 )  
277,356   
(13,228 )  
264,128   

(25,802 )  
(10,910 )  
227,416   
(65,399 )  
—   
162,017    $ 

0.92    $ 
(0.07 )  
0.85    $ 

189,526   

0.91    $ 
(0.06 )  
0.85    $ 

191,258   

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1,662,093  
221,563  
120,086  
2,003,742  

844,566  
421,023  
143,643  
5,213  
9,451  
1,423,896  
579,846  
168,948  
(23,602 ) 
24,335  
5,213  
(330,240 ) 
—  
160,433  
584,933  

(7,923 ) 
577,010  
404,912  
981,922  

(21,351 ) 

(53,654 ) 
906,917  
(75,903 ) 

(7,408 ) 
823,606  

2.35  
2.01  
4.36  
188,837  

2.34  
2.00  
4.34  
190,173  

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

97 

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Net income 

Other comprehensive income (loss): 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

$ 

422,603    $ 

264,128    $ 

981,922  

(Reduction) increase in value of interest rate swaps and other 

Pro rata share of other comprehensive income (loss) of nonconsolidated subsidiaries 

(Reduction) increase in unrealized net gain on available-for-sale securities 

Pro rata share of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income of 

a nonconsolidated subsidiary 

Comprehensive income 

Less comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests 

Comprehensive income attributable to Vornado 

$ 

(14,635 )  
1,155   
—   

— 
409,123   
28,187   
437,310    $ 

15,477   
1,425   
(20,951 )  

14,402 
274,481   
(37,356 )  
237,125    $ 

27,432  
(2,739 ) 
52,057  

— 
1,058,672  

(79,704 ) 
978,968  

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

98 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Balance, December 31, 2017 

Cumulative effect of accounting 

change (see Note 2) 

Net income attributable to 

Vornado 

Net loss attributable to 

noncontrolling interests in 
consolidated subsidiaries 

Dividends on common shares 

Dividends on preferred shares 

Common shares issued: 

Upon redemption of Class A 
units, at redemption value 

Under employees' share option 

plan 

Under dividend reinvestment 

plan 

Contributions 

Distributions: 

Real estate fund investments 

Other 

Conversion of Series A preferred 
shares to common shares 

Deferred compensation shares and 

options 

Pro rata share of other 

comprehensive income of 
nonconsolidated subsidiaries 

Reduction in value of interest rate 

swaps 

Unearned 2015 Out-Performance 
Plan awards acceleration 

Adjustments to carry redeemable 
Class A units at redemption 
value 

Preferred shares issuance 

Redeemable noncontrolling 
interests' share of above 
adjustments 

Consolidation of the Farley joint 

venture 

Other 

Balance, December 31, 2018 

Preferred Shares 

Common Shares 

  Amount 

Shares 
36,800    $ 

  Amount 

Shares 
189,984    $ 

891,988   

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   

—   
—   

(31 )  

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
(663 )  

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   

—   
—   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

244 

279 

20 
—   

—   
—   

2 

6 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   
36,800    $ 

— 
—   
891,294   

— 
—   
190,535    $ 

Additional 
Capital 

Earnings 
Less Than 
Distributions 

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss) 

Non- 
controlling 
Interests in 
Consolidated 
Subsidiaries 

Total 
Equity 

7,577    $  7,492,658    $ 

(4,183,253 )   $ 

128,682    $ 

670,049    $  5,007,701  

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

10 

12 

1 
—   

—   
—   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

122,893 

449,954 

— 
(479,348 )  
(50,636 )  

17,058 

— 

5,907 

1,389 
—   

—   
—   

30 

(12,185 )  

— 
—   

—   
—   

— 

1,157 

(121 )  

— 

— 

9,046 

— 

— 

— 

198,064 
—   

— 
(14,486 )  

— 

— 
548   

— 

— 
(2 )  

7,600    $  7,725,857    $ 

(4,167,184 )   $ 

(108,374 )  

— 

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   

—   
—   

— 

— 

1,155 

(14,634 )  

— 

— 
—   

836 

— 
(1 )  
7,664    $ 

— 

— 

14,519 

449,954 

(53,023 )  
—   
—   

(53,023 ) 

(479,348 ) 

(50,636 ) 

— 

— 

— 
62,657   

(12,665 )  
(33,250 )  

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 

17,068 

(6,266 ) 

1,390 
62,657  

(12,665 ) 

(33,250 ) 

(1 ) 

1,036 

1,155 

(14,634 ) 

9,046 

198,064 

(15,149 ) 

836 

8,720 
164   

8,720 
709  
642,652    $  5,107,883  

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

99 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY - CONTINUED 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Balance, December 31, 2016 

Net income attributable to 

Vornado 

Net income attributable to 

noncontrolling interests in 
consolidated subsidiaries 

Dividends on common shares 

Dividends on preferred shares 

Common shares issued: 

Upon redemption of Class 
A units, at redemption 
value 

Under employees' share option 

plan 

Under dividend reinvestment 

plan 

Contributions 

Distributions: 

JBG SMITH Properties 

Real estate fund investments 

Other 

Conversion of Series A preferred 
shares to common shares 

Deferred compensation shares and 

options 

Reduction in unrealized net gain 

on available-for-sale securities   

Pro rata share of amounts 
reclassified related to a 
nonconsolidated subsidiary 

Pro rata share of other 

comprehensive income of 
nonconsolidated subsidiaries 

Increase in value of interest rate 

swaps 

Adjustments to carry redeemable 
Class A units at redemption 
value 

Preferred shares issuance 

Cumulative redeemable preferred 
shares called for redemption 

Redeemable noncontrolling 
interests' share of above 
adjustments 

Other 

Balance, December 31, 2017 

Preferred Shares 

Common Shares 

  Amount 

Shares 
42,825    $  1,038,055   

Shares 
189,101    $ 

  Amount 

Additional 
Capital 

Earnings 
Less Than 
Distributions 

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss) 

Non- 
controlling 
Interests in 
Consolidated 
Subsidiaries 

Total 
Equity 

7,542    $  7,153,332    $ 

(1,419,382 )   $ 

118,972    $ 

719,977    $  7,618,496  

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

227,416 

— 

— 

227,416 

25,802 
—   
—    

25,802 

(496,490 ) 

(65,399 ) 

— 

— 

— 
1,044    

38,747 

28,253 

1,459 
1,044  

—   
(73,850 )  
(2,618 )  

(2,428,345 ) 

(73,850 ) 

(2,618 ) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1,828 

(20,951 ) 

14,402 

1,425 

15,476 

— 
—   

268,494 
309,609  

— 

(455,514 ) 

(642 ) 

— 
(306 )  

(941 ) 
670,049    $  5,007,701  

— 
—   
—    

— 

— 

— 
—    

—   
—   
—   

(5 )  

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   
—    

— 

— 

— 
—    

—   
—   
—   

(162 )  

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
12,780   

— 
309,609   

(18,800 )  

(455,514 )  

— 
—   
36,800    $ 

— 
—   
891,988   

— 
—   
—    

403 

449 

17 
—    

—   
—   
—   

10 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 
4   

— 
—   
—    

16 

18 

1 
—    

—   
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 
—   

— 
—   
—    

— 
(496,490 )  
(65,399 )   

38,731 

28,235 

1,458 

—    

— 

— 

— 
—    

—   
—   
—   

(2,428,345 )  
—   
—   

162 

2,246 

— 

— 

— 

— 

268,494 
—   

— 

— 
—   

— 

(418 )  

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 
(635 )  

189,984    $ 

7,577    $  7,492,658    $ 

(4,183,253 )   $ 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

— 
—   
—    

— 

— 

— 
—    

—   
—   
—   

— 

— 

(20,951 )  

14,402 

1,425 

15,476 

— 
—   

— 

(642 )  
—   
128,682    $ 

100 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY - CONTINUED 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Balance, December 31, 2015 

Net income attributable to 

Vornado 

Net income attributable to 

noncontrolling interests in 
consolidated subsidiaries 

Dividends on common shares 

Dividends on preferred shares 

Redemption of Series J preferred 

shares 

Common shares issued: 

Upon redemption of Class 
A units, at redemption value 

Under employees' share option 

plan 

Under dividend reinvestment 

plan 

Contributions 

Distributions: 

Real estate fund investments 

Other 

Conversion of Series A preferred 
shares to common shares 

Deferred compensation shares and 

options 

Increase in unrealized net gain on 
available-for-sale securities 

Pro rata share of other 

comprehensive loss of 
nonconsolidated subsidiaries 

Increase in value of interest rate 

swap 

Adjustments to carry redeemable 
Class A units at redemption 
value 

Redeemable noncontrolling 
interests' share of above 
adjustments 

Other 

Balance, December 31, 2016 

Preferred Shares 

Common Shares 

  Amount 

Shares 
52,677    $  1,276,954   

Shares 
188,577    $ 

  Amount 

Additional 
Capital 

Earnings 
Less Than 
Distributions 

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss) 

Non- 
controlling 
Interests in 
Consolidated 
Subsidiaries 

Total 
Equity 

7,521    $  7,132,979    $ 

(1,766,780 )   $ 

46,921    $ 

778,483    $  7,476,078  

— 

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 

— 
—    

—   
—    

— 

— 

52,057 

(2,739 )  

27,434 

— 

906,917 

21,351 
—   
—   

21,351 

(475,961 ) 

(75,903 ) 

— 

(246,250 ) 

— 

— 

— 
19,749    

36,510 

6,825 

1,444 
19,749  

(62,444 )  
(36,804 )   

(62,444 ) 

(36,804 ) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1,602 

52,057 

(2,739 ) 

27,434 

— 

— 

(26,251 ) 

(4,699 )  
(2 )  
118,972    $ 

(4,699 ) 

— 
(358 )  

(420 ) 
719,977    $  7,618,496  

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

906,917 

— 
—   
—   

— 
—   
—   

(9,850 )   

(238,842 )   

— 

— 

— 
—    

—   
—    

(2 )  

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—    

—   
—    

(56 )  

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

— 

376 

123 

16 
—    

—   
—    

3 

7 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 
(1 )  
42,825    $  1,038,055   

— 
(1 )  
189,101    $ 

— 
—   
—   

— 

15 

5 

1 
—    

—   
—    

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 
(475,961 )  
(75,903 )  

(7,408 )   

36,495 

6,820 

1,443 

—    

—   
—    

56 

— 

— 

— 
—    

—   
—    

— 

1,788 

(186 )  

— 

— 

— 

(26,251 )  

— 
2   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
(61 )  

7,542    $  7,153,332    $ 

(1,419,382 )   $ 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

101 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities: 

Net income 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 

Depreciation and amortization (including amortization of deferred financing costs) 

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets 

Net realized and unrealized losses on real estate fund investments 

Distributions of income from partially owned entities 

Purchase price fair value adjustment 

Amortization of below-market leases, net 

Decrease in fair value of marketable securities 

Return of capital from real estate fund investments 

Change in valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities 

Real estate impairment losses 

Equity in net income of partially owned entities 

Straight-lining of rents 

Net gains on sale of real estate and other 

Net gain on extinguishment of Skyline properties debt 

Other non-cash adjustments 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 

Real estate fund investments 

Tenant and other receivables, net 

Prepaid assets 

Other assets 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses 

Other liabilities 

Net cash provided by operating activities 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities: 

Acquisitions of real estate and other 

Development costs and construction in progress 

Additions to real estate 

Proceeds from sales of real estate and related investments 

Proceeds from sale of condominium units at 220 Central Park South 

Investments in loans receivable 

Distributions of capital from partially owned entities 

Moynihan Train Hall expenditures 

Investments in partially owned entities 

Proceeds from repayments of loans receivable 

Proceeds from sale of marketable securities 

Net consolidation of Farley Office and Retail Building 

Proceeds from the repayment of JBG SMITH Properties loan receivable 

Net deconsolidation of 7 West 34th Street 

Purchases of marketable securities 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

$ 

422,603    $ 

264,128    $ 

981,922  

472,785   
(246,031 )  
84,706   
78,831   
(44,060 )  
(38,573 )  
26,453   
20,290   
12,835   
12,000   
(9,149 )  
(7,605 )  
—   
—   
39,221   

(68,950 )  
(14,532 )  
151,533   
(84,222 )  
5,869   
(11,363 )  
802,641   

(574,812 )  
(418,186 )  
(234,602 )  
219,731   
214,776   
(105,000 )  
100,178   
(74,609 )  
(37,131 )  
25,757   
4,101   
2,075   
—   
—   
—   
(877,722 )  

529,826   
(501 )  
15,267   
82,095   
—   
(46,790 )  
—   
91,606   
34,800   
—   
(15,635 )  
(45,792 )  
(3,489 )  
—   
56,480   

—   
1,183   
(12,292 )  
(79,199 )  
3,760   
(15,305 )  
860,142   

(30,607 )  
(355,852 )  
(271,308 )  
9,543   
—   
—   
366,155   
—   
(40,537 )  
659   
—   
—   
115,630   
—   
—   
(206,317 )  

595,270  
(175,735 ) 
40,655  
214,800  
—  
(53,202 ) 
—  
71,888  
—  
161,165  
(165,389 ) 

(146,787 ) 

(5,074 ) 

(487,877 ) 
39,406  

—  
(4,271 ) 

(7,893 ) 

(76,357 ) 
13,278  
(719 ) 
995,080  

(91,103 ) 

(606,565 ) 

(387,545 ) 
183,173  
—  
(11,700 ) 
196,635  
—  
(127,608 ) 
45  
3,937  
—  
—  
(48,000 ) 

(4,379 ) 

(893,110 ) 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

102 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – CONTINUED 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities: 

Repayments of borrowings 

Proceeds from borrowings 

Dividends paid on common shares 

Redemption of preferred shares 

Distributions to noncontrolling interests 

Moynihan Train Hall reimbursement from Empire State Development 

Contributions from noncontrolling interests 

Dividends paid on preferred shares 

Repurchase of shares related to stock compensation agreements and related tax withholdings 
and other 

Debt issuance costs 

Proceeds received from exercise of employee share options and other 

Debt prepayment and extinguishment costs 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the spin-off of JBG SMITH 

Properties ($275,000 plus The Bartlett financing proceeds less transaction costs and other 
mortgage items) 

Proceeds from issuance of preferred shares 

Net cash used in financing activities 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period 

Reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 

Restricted cash at beginning of period 

Restricted cash included in discontinued operations at beginning of period 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 

Restricted cash at end of period 

Restricted cash included in discontinued operations at end of period 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

(685,265 )   $ 
526,766   
(479,348 )  
(470,000 )  
(76,149 )  
74,609   
61,062   
(55,115 )  

(12,969 )  
(12,908 )  
7,309   
(818 )  

— 
—   
(1,122,826 )  
(1,197,907 )  
1,914,812   

716,905    $ 

1,817,655    $ 
97,157   
—   

1,914,812    $ 

570,916    $ 
145,989   
—   
716,905    $ 

(631,681 )   $ 
1,055,872   
(496,490 )  
—   
(109,697 )  
—   
1,044   
(64,516 )  

(418 )  
(12,325 )  
29,712   
(3,217 )  

(416,237 )  
309,609   
(338,344 )  
315,481   
1,599,331   
1,914,812    $ 

1,501,027    $ 
95,032   
3,272   
1,599,331    $ 

1,817,655    $ 
97,157   
—   

1,914,812    $ 

(1,894,990 ) 
2,403,898  
(475,961 ) 

(246,250 ) 

(130,590 ) 
—  
11,950  
(80,137 ) 

(186 ) 

(42,157 ) 
8,269  
—  

— 
—  
(446,154 ) 

(344,184 ) 
1,943,515  
1,599,331  

1,835,707  
99,943  
7,865  
1,943,515  

1,501,027  
95,032  
3,272  
1,599,331  

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

103 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – CONTINUED 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: 

Cash payments for interest, excluding capitalized interest of $67,402, $43,071 and $29,584 

Cash payments for income taxes 

Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities: 

Reclassification of condominium units from "development costs and construction in progress" 

to "220 Central Park South condominium units ready for sale" 

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A units at redemption value 

Accrued capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued expenses 

Write-off of fully depreciated assets 
Increase in assets and liabilities resulting from the consolidation of Farley Office and Retail 

Building: 

Real estate, net 

Mortgage payable, net 

Increase in assets and liabilities resulting from the consolidation of Moynihan Train Hall: 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Real estate, net 

Moynihan Train Hall obligation 

Non-cash distribution to JBG SMITH Properties: 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Equity 

Reclassification of Series G and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred shares to liabilities 

upon call for redemption 

Loan receivable established upon the spin-off of JBG SMITH Properties 

(Reduction) increase in unrealized net gain on available-for-sale securities 

Decrease in assets and liabilities resulting from the disposition of Skyline properties: 

Real estate, net 

Mortgage payable, net 

Decrease in assets and liabilities resulting from the deconsolidation of investments that were 

previously consolidated: 

Real estate, net 

Mortgage payable, net 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

311,835    $ 
62,225    $ 

338,983    $ 
6,727    $ 

368,762  
9,716  

  $ 

233,179 
198,064   
88,115   
(86,064 )  

401,708   
249,459   

346,926   
346,926   

—   
—   
—   

— 
—   
—   

—   
—   

—   
—   

  $ 

— 
268,494   
102,976   
(58,810 )  

— 

(26,251 ) 
120,564  
(305,679 ) 

—   
—   

—   
—   

3,432,738   
(1,414,186 )  
(2,018,552 )  

455,514 
115,630   
(20,951 )  

—   
—   

—   
—   

—  
—  

—  
—  

—  
—  
—  

— 
—  
52,057  
—  
(189,284 ) 

(690,263 ) 

(122,047 ) 

(290,418 ) 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

104 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
   
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

Partners 
Vornado Realty L.P. 
New York, New York 

Opinion on the Financial Statements 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Vornado Realty L.P. and subsidiaries (the "Partnership") as of December 
31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows, for each of 
the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively 
referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Partnership as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years 
in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 
Partnership's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 11, 
2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Partnership's internal control over financial reporting. 

Basis for Opinion 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Partnership's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the 
Partnership's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be 
independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of 
the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our 
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, 
and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the 
amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant 
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits 
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP 

Parsippany, New Jersey 
February 11, 2019 

We have served as the Partnership’s auditor since 1997. 

105 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 

(Amounts in thousands, except unit amounts) 

ASSETS 

Real estate, at cost: 

Land 

Buildings and improvements 

Development costs and construction in progress 

Moynihan Train Hall development expenditures 

Leasehold improvements and equipment 

Total 

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 

Real estate, net 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Restricted cash 

Marketable securities 

Tenant and other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,154 and $5,526 

Investments in partially owned entities 

Real estate fund investments 

220 Central Park South condominium units ready for sale 

Receivable arising from the straight-lining of rents, net of allowance of $1,644 and $954 

Deferred leasing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $207,529 and $191,827 

Identified intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $172,114 and $150,837 

Other assets 

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PARTNERSHIP UNITS AND EQUITY 

Mortgages payable, net 

Senior unsecured notes, net 

Unsecured term loan, net 

Unsecured revolving credit facilities 

Moynihan Train Hall obligation 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses 

Deferred revenue 

Deferred compensation plan 

Preferred units redeemed on January 4 and 11, 2018 

Other liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Commitments and contingencies 

Redeemable partnership units: 

Class A units - 12,544,477 and 12,528,899 units outstanding 

Series D cumulative redeemable preferred units - 177,101 units outstanding 

Total redeemable partnership units 

Equity: 

Partners' capital 

Earnings less than distributions 

Accumulated other comprehensive income 

Total Vornado Realty L.P. equity 

Noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Total equity 

December 31, 
 2018 

December 31, 
 2017 

3,306,280    $ 
10,110,992   
2,266,491   
445,693   
108,427   
16,237,883   
(3,180,175 )  
13,057,708   
570,916   
145,989   
152,198   
73,322   
858,113   
318,758   
99,627   
935,131   
400,313   
136,781   
431,938   
17,180,794    $ 

8,167,798    $ 
844,002   
744,821   
80,000   
445,693   
430,976   
167,730   
96,523   
—   
311,806   
11,289,349   

778,134   
5,428   
783,562   

8,624,751   
(4,167,184 )  
7,664   
4,465,231   
642,652   
5,107,883   
17,180,794    $ 

3,143,648  
9,898,605  
1,615,101  
—  
98,941  
14,756,295  

(2,885,283 ) 
11,871,012  
1,817,655  
97,157  
182,752  
58,700  
1,056,829  
354,804  
—  
926,711  
403,492  
159,260  
469,562  
17,397,934  

8,137,139  
843,614  
748,734  
—  
—  
415,794  
227,069  
109,177  
455,514  
468,255  
11,405,296  

979,509  
5,428  
984,937  

8,392,223  
(4,183,253 ) 
128,682  
4,337,652  
670,049  
5,007,701  
17,397,934  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

See notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

106 

 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME 

(Amounts in thousands, except per unit amounts) 

REVENUES: 

Property rentals 

Tenant expense reimbursements 

Fee and other income 

Total revenues 

EXPENSES: 

Operating 

Depreciation and amortization 

General and administrative 

(Benefit) expense from deferred compensation plan liability 

Transaction related costs, impairment loss and other 

Total expenses 

Operating income 

Income from partially owned entities 

(Loss) income from real estate fund investments 

Interest and other investment income, net 

(Loss) income from deferred compensation plan assets 

Interest and debt expense 

Purchase price fair value adjustment 

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets 

Income before income taxes 

Income tax expense 

Income from continuing operations 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations 

Net income 

Less net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Net income attributable to Vornado Realty L.P. 

Preferred unit distributions 

Preferred unit issuance costs 

NET INCOME attributable to Class A unitholders 

INCOME PER CLASS A UNIT – BASIC: 

Income from continuing operations, net 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net 

Net income per Class A unit 

Weighted average units outstanding 

INCOME PER CLASS A UNIT – DILUTED: 

Income from continuing operations, net 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net 

Net income per Class A unit 

Weighted average units outstanding 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

1,760,205    $ 
247,128   
156,387   
2,163,720   

963,478   
446,570   
141,871   
(2,480 )  
31,320   
1,580,759   
582,961   
9,149   
(89,231 )  
17,057   
(2,480 )  
(347,949 )  
44,060   
246,031   
459,598   
(37,633 )  
421,965   
638   
422,603   
53,023   
475,626   
(50,830 )  
(14,486 )  
410,310    $ 

2.01    $ 
0.01   
2.02    $ 

202,068   

2.00    $ 
—   
2.00    $ 

203,412   

1,714,952    $ 
233,424   
135,750   
2,084,126   

886,596   
429,389   
150,782   
6,932   
1,776   
1,475,475   
608,651   
15,200   
3,240   
30,861   
6,932   
(345,654 )  
—   
501   
319,731   
(42,375 )  
277,356   
(13,228 )  
264,128   
(25,802 )  
238,326   
(65,593 )  
—   
172,733    $ 

0.91    $ 
(0.07 )  
0.84    $ 

201,214   

0.90    $ 
(0.07 )  
0.83    $ 

203,300   

1,662,093  
221,563  
120,086  
2,003,742  

844,566  
421,023  
143,643  
5,213  
9,451  
1,423,896  
579,846  
168,948  
(23,602 ) 
24,335  
5,213  
(330,240 ) 
—  
160,433  
584,933  

(7,923 ) 
577,010  
404,912  
981,922  
(21,351 ) 
960,571  

(76,097 ) 

(7,408 ) 
877,066  

2.34  
2.02  
4.36  
200,350  

2.32  
2.00  
4.32  
202,017  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

107 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Net income 

Other comprehensive income (loss): 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

$ 

422,603    $ 

264,128    $ 

981,922  

(Reduction) increase in value of interest rate swaps and other 

Pro rata share of other comprehensive income (loss) of nonconsolidated subsidiaries 

(Reduction) increase in unrealized net gain on available-for-sale securities 

Pro rata share of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income of 

a nonconsolidated subsidiary 

Comprehensive income 
Less comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated 
subsidiaries 
Comprehensive income attributable to Vornado 

$ 

(14,635 )  
1,155   
—   

— 
409,123   

53,023 
462,146    $ 

15,477   
1,425   
(20,951 )  

14,402 
274,481   

(25,802 )  
248,679    $ 

27,432  
(2,739 ) 
52,057  

— 
1,058,672  

(21,351 ) 
1,037,321  

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

108 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Preferred Units 

Class A Units 
Owned by Vornado 

  Amount 

Units 
189,984    $  7,500,235    $ 

Earnings 
Less Than  
Distributions 

Accumulated 
Other  
Comprehensive  
Income (Loss) 

Non- 
controlling  
Interests in  
Consolidated  
Subsidiaries 

(4,183,253 )   $ 

128,682    $ 

670,049    $ 

  Amount 

Units 
36,800    $ 

Balance, December 31, 2017 

Cumulative effect of accounting change 

(see Note 2) 

Net loss attributable to Vornado Realty 

L.P. 

Net income attributable to redeemable 

partnership units 

Net income attributable to noncontrolling 
interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Distributions to Vornado 

Distributions to preferred unitholders 

Class A Units issued to Vornado: 

Upon redemption of redeemable 

Class A units, at redemption value   

Under Vornado's employees' share 

option plan 

Under Vornado's dividend 

reinvestment plan 

Contributions 

Distributions: 

Real estate fund investments 

Other 

Conversion of Series A preferred units to 

Class A units 

Deferred compensation units and options   
Pro rata share of other comprehensive 

income of nonconsolidated 
subsidiaries 

Reduction in value of interest rate swaps   
Unearned 2015 Out-Performance Plan 

awards acceleration 

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A 

units at redemption value 

Preferred units issuance 

Redeemable partnership units' share of 

above adjustments 

Consolidation of the Farley joint venture   
Other 

Balance, December 31, 2018 

891,988   

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   

—   
—   

(31 )  
—   

— 
—   

— 

— 
(663 )  

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   

—   
—   

— 
—   

— 
—   

— 

— 
—   

— 
—   
—   
36,800    $ 

— 
—   
—   
891,294   

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

244 

279 

20 
—   

—   
—   

2 
6   

— 
—   

— 

— 
—     

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

122,893 

475,626 

(25,672 )  

— 
(479,348 )  
(50,636 )  

17,068 

— 

5,919 

1,390 
—   

—   
—   

30 
1,157   

— 
—   

9,046 

198,064 

— 
—   
548   

(12,185 )  

— 
—   

—   
—   

— 
(121 )  

— 
—   

— 

— 
(14,486 )  

— 
—   
(2 )  

190,535    $  7,733,457    $ 

(4,167,184 )   $ 

Total 
Equity 
5,007,701  

14,519 

475,626 

(25,672 ) 

(53,023 ) 

(479,348 ) 

(50,636 ) 

17,068 

(6,266 ) 

1,390 
62,657  

(12,665 ) 

(33,250 ) 

(1 ) 
1,036  

1,155 

(14,634 ) 

9,046 

198,064 

(15,149 ) 

(108,374 )  

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   

—   
—   

— 
—   

1,155 
(14,634 )  

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 

— 

(53,023 )  
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
62,657   

(12,665 )  
(33,250 )  

— 
—   

— 
—   

— 

— 
—   

836 
—   
(1 )  
7,664    $ 

— 
8,720   
164   
642,652    $ 

836 
8,720  
709  
5,107,883  

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

109 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY – CONTINUED 

Preferred Units 

Class A Units 
Owned by Vornado 

  Amount 

Units 
42,825    $  1,038,055   

  Amount 

Units 
189,101    $  7,160,874    $ 

Earnings 
Less Than  
Distributions 

Accumulated 
Other  
Comprehensive  
Income (Loss) 

Non- 
controlling  
Interests in  
Consolidated  
Subsidiaries 

(1,419,382 )   $ 

118,972    $ 

719,977    $ 

Total 
Equity 
7,618,496  

238,326 

(10,910 ) 

25,802 

(496,490 ) 

(65,399 ) 

38,747 

28,253 

1,459 
1,044  

(2,428,345 ) 

(73,850 ) 

(2,618 ) 

— 
1,828  

(20,951 ) 

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   

—   
—   
—   

— 
—   

(20,951 )  

— 

— 

25,802 
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
1,044   

—   
(73,850 )  
(2,618 )  

— 
—   

— 

14,402 

— 

14,402 

1,425 
15,476   

— 
—   

— 

— 
—   

— 
—   

1,425 
15,476  

268,494 
309,609  

(455,514 ) 

(642 )  
—   
128,682    $ 

— 
(306 )  
670,049    $ 

(642 ) 

(941 ) 
5,007,701  

(Amounts in thousands) 

Balance, December 31, 2016 

Net income attributable to Vornado 

Realty L.P. 

Net income attributable to redeemable 

partnership units 

Net income attributable to noncontrolling 
interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Distributions to Vornado 

Distributions to preferred unitholders 

Class A Units issued to Vornado: 

Upon redemption of redeemable 

Class A units, at redemption value   

Under Vornado's employees' share 

option plan 

Under Vornado's dividend 

reinvestment plan 

Contributions 

Distributions: 

JBG SMITH Properties 

Real estate fund investments 

Other 

Conversion of Series A preferred units to 

Class A units 

Deferred compensation units and options   
Reduction in unrealized net gain on 
available-for-sale securities 

Pro rata share of amounts reclassified 

related to a nonconsolidated 
subsidiary 

Pro rata share of other comprehensive 

income of nonconsolidated 
subsidiaries 

Increase in value of interest rate swaps 

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A 

units at redemption value 

Preferred units issuance 

Cumulative redeemable preferred units 

called for redemption 

Redeemable partnership units' share of 

above adjustments 

Other 

Balance, December 31, 2017 

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   

—   
—   
—   

(5 )  
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   

—   
—   
—   

(162 )  
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 
12,780   

— 
309,609   

(18,800 )  

(455,514 )  

— 
—   
36,800    $ 

— 
—   
891,988   

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

403 

449 

17 
—   

—   
—   
—   

10 
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 
—   

— 

— 
4   

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   

38,747 

28,253 

1,459 
—   

—   
—   
—   

162 
2,246   

— 

— 

— 
—   

268,494 
—   

— 

— 
—   

238,326 

(10,910 )  

— 
(496,490 )  
(65,399 )  

— 

— 

— 
—   

(2,428,345 )  
—   
—   

— 
(418 )  

— 

— 

— 
—   

— 
—   

— 

— 
(635 )  

189,984    $  7,500,235    $ 

(4,183,253 )   $ 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

110 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Amounts in thousands) 

Balance, December 31, 2015 

Net income attributable to Vornado 

Realty L.P. 

Net income attributable to redeemable 

partnership units 

Net income attributable to noncontrolling 
interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Distributions to Vornado 

Distributions to preferred unitholders 

Redemption of Series J preferred units 

Class A Units issued to Vornado: 

Upon redemption of redeemable 

Class A units, at redemption value   

Under Vornado's employees' share 

option plan 

Under Vornado's dividend 

reinvestment plan 

Contributions 

Distributions: 

Real estate fund investments 

Other 

Conversion of Series A preferred units to 

Class A units 

Deferred compensation units and options   
Increase in unrealized net gain on 
available-for-sale securities 

Pro rata share of other comprehensive 
loss of nonconsolidated subsidiaries 

Increase in value of interest rate swap 

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A 

units at redemption value 

Redeemable partnership units' share of 

above adjustments 

Other 

Balance, December 31, 2016 

VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY – CONTINUED 

Preferred Units 

Class A Units 
Owned by Vornado 

  Amount 

Units 
52,677    $  1,276,954   

  Amount 

Units 
188,577    $  7,140,500    $ 

Earnings 
Less Than  
Distributions 

Accumulated 
Other  
Comprehensive  
Income (Loss) 

Non- 
controlling  
Interests in  
Consolidated  
Subsidiaries 

(1,766,780 )   $ 

46,921    $ 

778,483    $ 

Total 
Equity 
7,476,078  

960,571 

(53,654 ) 

21,351 

(475,961 ) 

(75,903 ) 

(246,250 ) 

36,510 

6,825 

1,444 
19,749  

(62,444 ) 

(36,804 ) 

— 
1,602  

52,057 

(2,739 ) 
27,434  

(26,251 ) 

— 

— 

21,351 
—   
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
19,749    

(62,444 )  
(36,804 )  

— 
—   

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 
(358 )  
719,977    $ 

(4,699 ) 

(420 ) 
7,618,496  

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   
(9,850 )  

— 
—   
—   
(238,842 )  

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   
—   

960,571 

(53,654 )  

— 
(475,961 )  
(75,903 )  
(7,408 )  

— 

— 

— 
—    

—   
—   

(2 )  
—   

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 

— 

— 
—    

—   
—   

(56 )  
—   

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 
—   

— 
(1 )  
42,825    $  1,038,055   

376 

123 

36,510 

6,825 

16 
—    

1,444 

—    

—   
—   

3 
7   

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 
(1 )  

—   
—   

56 
1,788   

— 

— 
—   

(26,251 )  

— 
2   

— 

— 

— 
—    

—   
—   

— 
(186 )  

— 

— 
—   

— 

— 
(61 )  

189,101    $  7,160,874    $ 

(1,419,382 )   $ 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

— 

— 

— 
—   
—   
—   

— 

— 

— 
—    

—   
—   

— 
—   

52,057 

(2,739 )  
27,434   

— 

(4,699 )  
(2 )  
118,972    $ 

111 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities: 

Net income 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 

Depreciation and amortization (including amortization of deferred financing costs) 

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets 

Net realized and unrealized losses on real estate fund investments 

Distributions of income from partially owned entities 

Purchase price fair value adjustment 

Amortization of below-market leases, net 

Decrease in fair value of marketable securities 

Return of capital from real estate fund investments 

Change in valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities 

Real estate impairment losses 

Equity in net income of partially owned entities 

Straight-lining of rents 

Net gains on sale of real estate and other 

Net gain on extinguishment of Skyline properties debt 

Other non-cash adjustments 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities: 

Real estate fund investments 

Tenant and other receivables, net 

Prepaid assets 

Other assets 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses 

Other liabilities 

Net cash provided by operating activities 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities: 

Acquisitions of real estate and other 

Development costs and construction in progress 

Additions to real estate 

Proceeds from sales of real estate and related investments 

Proceeds from sale of condominium units at 220 Central Park South 

Investments in loans receivable 

Distributions of capital from partially owned entities 

Moynihan Train Hall expenditures 

Investments in partially owned entities 

Proceeds from repayments of loans receivable 

Proceeds from sale of marketable securities 

Net consolidation of Farley Office and Retail Building 

Proceeds from the repayment of JBG SMITH Properties loan receivable 

Net deconsolidation of 7 West 34th Street 

Purchases of marketable securities 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

$ 

422,603    $ 

264,128    $ 

981,922  

472,785   
(246,031 )  
84,706   
78,831   
(44,060 )  
(38,573 )  
26,453   
20,290   
12,835   
12,000   
(9,149 )  
(7,605 )  
—   
—   
39,221   

(68,950 )  
(14,532 )  
151,533   
(84,222 )  
5,869   
(11,363 )  
802,641   

(574,812 )  
(418,186 )  
(234,602 )  
219,731   
214,776   
(105,000 )  
100,178   
(74,609 )  
(37,131 )  
25,757   
4,101   
2,075   
—   
—   
—   
(877,722 )  

529,826   
(501 )  
15,267   
82,095   
—   
(46,790 )  
—   
91,606   
34,800   
—   
(15,635 )  
(45,792 )  
(3,489 )  
—   
56,480   

—   
1,183   
(12,292 )  
(79,199 )  
3,760   
(15,305 )  
860,142   

(30,607 )  
(355,852 )  
(271,308 )  
9,543   
—   
—   
366,155   
—   
(40,537 )  
659   
—   
—   
115,630   
—   
—   
(206,317 )  

595,270  
(175,735 ) 
40,655  
214,800  
—  
(53,202 ) 
—  
71,888  
—  
161,165  
(165,389 ) 

(146,787 ) 

(5,074 ) 

(487,877 ) 
39,406  

—  
(4,271 ) 

(7,893 ) 

(76,357 ) 
13,278  
(719 ) 
995,080  

(91,103 ) 

(606,565 ) 

(387,545 ) 
183,173  
—  
(11,700 ) 
196,635  
—  
(127,608 ) 
45  
3,937  
—  
—  
(48,000 ) 

(4,379 ) 

(893,110 ) 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

112 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – CONTINUED 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities: 

Repayments of borrowings 

Proceeds from borrowings 

Distributions to Vornado 

Redemption of preferred units 

Distributions to redeemable security holders and noncontrolling interests in consolidated 

subsidiaries 

Moynihan Train Hall reimbursement from Empire State Development 

Contributions from noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Distributions to preferred unitholders 

Repurchase of Class A units related to stock compensation agreements and related tax 
withholdings and other 

Debt issuance costs 

Proceeds received from exercise of Vornado stock options and other 

Debt prepayment and extinguishment costs 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the spin-off of JBG SMITH 

Properties ($275,000 plus The Bartlett financing proceeds less transaction costs and other 
mortgage items) 

Proceeds from issuance of preferred units 

Net cash used in financing activities 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period 

Reconciliation of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 

Restricted cash at beginning of period 

Restricted cash included in discontinued operations at beginning of period 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 

Restricted cash at end of period 

Restricted cash included in discontinued operations at end of period 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

(685,265 )   $ 
526,766   
(479,348 )  
(470,000 )  

(631,681 )   $ 
1,055,872   
(496,490 )  
—   

(1,894,990 ) 
2,403,898  
(475,961 ) 

(246,250 ) 

(76,149 )  
74,609   
61,062   
(55,115 )  

(12,969 )  
(12,908 )  
7,309   
(818 )  

— 
—   
(1,122,826 )  
(1,197,907 )  
1,914,812   

716,905    $ 

1,817,655    $ 
97,157   
—   

1,914,812    $ 

570,916    $ 
145,989   
—   
716,905    $ 

(109,697 )  
—   
1,044   
(64,516 )  

(418 )  
(12,325 )  
29,712   
(3,217 )  

(416,237 )  
309,609   
(338,344 )  
315,481   
1,599,331   
1,914,812    $ 

1,501,027    $ 
95,032   
3,272   
1,599,331    $ 

1,817,655    $ 
97,157   
—   

1,914,812    $ 

(130,590 ) 
—  
11,950  
(80,137 ) 

(186 ) 

(42,157 ) 
8,269  
—  

— 
—  
(446,154 ) 

(344,184 ) 
1,943,515  
1,599,331  

1,835,707  
99,943  
7,865  
1,943,515  

1,501,027  
95,032  
3,272  
1,599,331  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

113 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – CONTINUED 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: 

Cash payments for interest, excluding capitalized interest of $67,402, $43,071 and $29,584 

Cash payments for income taxes 

Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities: 

Reclassification of condominium units from "development costs and construction in progress" 

to "220 Central Park South condominium units ready for sale" 

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A units at redemption value 

Accrued capital expenditures included in accounts payable and accrued expenses 

Write-off of fully depreciated assets 

Increase in assets and liabilities resulting from the consolidation of Farley Office and Retail 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Building: 

Real estate, net 

Mortgage payable, net 

Increase in assets and liabilities resulting from the consolidation of Moynihan Train Hall: 

Real estate, net 

Moynihan Train Hall obligation 

Non-cash distribution to JBG SMITH Properties: 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Equity 

Reclassification of Series G and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred units to liabilities 

upon call for redemption 

Loan receivable established upon the spin-off of JBG SMITH Properties 

(Reduction) increase in unrealized net gain on available-for-sale securities 

Decrease in assets and liabilities resulting from the disposition of Skyline properties: 

Real estate, net 

Mortgage payable, net 

Decrease in assets and liabilities resulting from the deconsolidation of investments that were 

previously consolidated: 

Real estate, net 

Mortgage payable, net 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

311,835    $ 
62,225    $ 

338,983    $ 
6,727    $ 

368,762  
9,716  

  $ 

233,179 
198,064   
88,115   
(86,064 )  

401,708   
249,459   

346,926   
346,926   

—   
—   
—   

— 
—   
—   

—   
—   

—   
—   

  $ 

— 
268,494   
102,976   
(58,810 )  

— 

(26,251 ) 
120,564  
(305,679 ) 

—   
—   

—   
—   

3,432,738   
(1,414,186 )  
(2,018,552 )  

455,514 
115,630   
(20,951 )  

—   
—   

—   
—   

—  
—  

—  
—  

—  
—  
—  

— 
—  
52,057  

(189,284 ) 

(690,263 ) 

(122,047 ) 

(290,418 ) 

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 

114 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1.   Organization and Business 

Vornado Realty Trust (“Vornado”) is a fully-integrated real estate investment trust (“REIT”) and conducts its business through, and 
substantially  all  of  its  interests  in  properties  are  held  by,  Vornado  Realty  L.P.,  a  Delaware  limited  partnership  (the  “Operating 
Partnership”). Accordingly, Vornado’s cash flow and ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is dependent upon the cash flow of the 
Operating Partnership and the ability of its direct and indirect subsidiaries to first satisfy their obligations to creditors. Vornado is the sole 
general  partner  of,  and  owned  approximately  93.4%  of  the  common  limited  partnership  interest  in  the  Operating  Partnership  as  of 
December 31, 2018. All references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean, collectively, Vornado, the Operating Partnership and 
those entities/subsidiaries consolidated by Vornado. 

We currently own all or portions of: 

New York: 

•   19.9 million square feet of Manhattan office in 36 properties; 

•   2.6 million square feet of Manhattan street retail in 71 properties; 
•   1,999 units in eleven residential properties; 
•   The 1,700 room Hotel Pennsylvania located on Seventh Avenue at 33rd Street in the heart of the Penn District; and 
•   A  32.4%  interest  in  Alexander’s,  Inc.  (“Alexander’s”)  (NYSE:  ALX),  which  owns  seven  properties  in  the  greater  New  York 

metropolitan area, including 731 Lexington Avenue, the 1.3 million square foot Bloomberg, L.P. headquarters building. 

Other Real Estate and Related Investments: 

•   The 3.7 million square foot theMART in Chicago; 
•   A 70% controlling interest in 555 California Street, a three-building office complex in San Francisco’s financial district aggregating 1.8 

million square feet, known as the Bank of America Center; 

•   A 25.0% interest in Vornado Capital Partners, our real estate fund. We are the general partner and investment manager of the fund; 

•   Other real estate and other investments. 

115 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

2.   Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies 

Basis of Presentation 

The  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  Vornado  and  the  Operating  Partnership  and  their 
consolidated  subsidiaries. All  inter-company  amounts  have  been  eliminated.  Our  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  in 
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), which require us to make estimates 
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the 
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those 
estimates. 

Certain prior year balances have been reclassified in order to conform to the current period presentation. For the years ended December 
31, 2017 and 2016, expense of $6,932,000 and $5,213,000, respectively, related to the mark-to-market of our deferred compensation plan 
liability was reclassified from "general and administrative" expenses to "expense from deferred compensation plan liability" and income of 
$6,932,000 and $5,213,000, respectively, related to the mark-to-market of our deferred compensation plan assets was reclassified from 
"interest and other investment income, net" to "income from deferred compensation plan assets" on our consolidated statements of income. 
In addition, for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, expense of $1,285,000 and $694,000, respectively, related to New York City 
Unincorporated Business Tax was reclassified from "general and administrative" expenses to "income tax expense" on our consolidated 
statements of income. Assets and liabilities related to discontinued operations as of December 31, 2017 were reclassified to “other assets” 
and “other liabilities”, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets. 

Recently Issued Accounting Literature 

In  May  2014,  the  Financial Accounting  Standards  Board  (“FASB”)  issued  an  update  (“ASU  2014-09”)  establishing Accounting 
Standards  Codification  (“ASC”)  Topic  606,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  (“ASC  606”). ASU  2014-09,  as  amended  by 
subsequent ASUs on the topic, establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts 
with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. This standard, which was effective for interim and 
annual reporting periods in fiscal years that begin after December 15, 2017, requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of 
promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange 
for those goods or services and also requires certain additional disclosures. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018 using the 
modified retrospective method applied to all existing contracts not yet completed as of January 1, 2018 and recorded a $14,519,000 
cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning accumulated deficit. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on our financial 
statements (see Note 3 - Revenue Recognition). 

In January 2016, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2016-01”) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial 
Liabilities to ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-01 amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and 
disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 was effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after 
December 15, 2017. We adopted this update effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. While the adoption of this 
update requires us to continue to measure “marketable securities” at fair value on each reporting date, the changes in fair value will be 
recognized in current period earnings as opposed to “other comprehensive income (loss).” As a result, on January 1, 2018 we recorded a 
decrease to beginning accumulated deficit of $111,225,000 to recognize the unrealized gains previously recorded in “accumulated other 
comprehensive income” on our consolidated balance sheets. Subsequent changes in the fair value of our marketable securities will be 
recorded to “interest and other investment income, net” on our consolidated statements of income. For the year ended December 31, 2018, 
we recorded a decrease of $26,453,000 in the fair value of our marketable securities which is included in “interest and other investment 
income, net” on our consolidated statements of income. 

116 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

2.   Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies – continued 

Recently Issued Accounting Literature - continued 

In February 2016, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2016-02”) establishing ASC Topic 842, Leases ("ASC 842"), as amended by 
subsequent ASUs on the topic, which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both 
lessees and lessors. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to apply a two-method approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases 
based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase. Lessees are required to record a right-of-use asset and a 
lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to 
existing guidance for operating leases. Lessees will recognize an expense based on the effective interest method for finance leases or on a 
straight-line basis for operating leases. The accounting applied by the lessor is largely unchanged from that applied under the existing lease 
standard. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2019. We have completed our evaluation of the overall impact of the adoption of 
ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements and accounting policies. In transitioning to ASC 842, we elected to use the practical 
expedient package available to us and did not elect to use hindsight. We have a number of ground leases, which are classified as operating 
leases, for which we are required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability equal to the present value of the remaining minimum 
lease payments, and will continue to recognize expense on a straight-line basis for these leases. On January 1, 2019, we recorded an 
aggregate of approximately $527,000,000 of right-of-use assets and corresponding $527,000,000 of lease liabilities as a result of the 
adoption of this standard. 

Under ASU 2016-02, initial direct costs for both lessees and lessors  would include only  those costs that are incremental to the 
arrangement and would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained. As a result, we will no longer capitalize internal leasing 
costs and instead will expense these costs as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we capitalized internal 
leasing costs of $5,538,000, $5,243,000, and $7,352,000 respectively, excluding the internal leasing costs of our former Washington, DC 
segment which was spun-off on July 17, 2017. 

In February 2017, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2017-05”) Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting 
for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets to ASC Subtopic 610-20, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial 
Assets. ASU 2017-05 clarifies the scope of recently established guidance on nonfinancial asset derecognition, as well as the accounting for 
partial sales of nonfinancial assets. This update conforms the derecognition guidance on nonfinancial assets with the model for transactions 
in ASC 606. ASU 2017-05 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. We 
adopted this update on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach applied to all contracts not yet completed. The adoption 
of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

In May 2017, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2017-09”) Scope of Modification Accounting to ASC Topic 718, Compensation - 
Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASU 2017-09 provides guidance about which changes to the terms and conditions of a share-based 
payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in ASC 718. ASU 2017-09 is effective for interim and annual reporting 
periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this update on January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact 
on our consolidated financial statements. 

In August 2017, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2017-12”) Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities to ASC 
Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). ASU 2017-12 amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements 
in ASC 815. The update is intended to more closely align hedge accounting with companies’ risk management strategies, simplify the 
application of hedge accounting and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedge programs. ASU 2017-12 requires subsequent 
changes in fair value of a hedging instrument that has been designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge to be recognized as a component 
of “other comprehensive income (loss).” ASU 2017-12 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after 
December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We early adopted ASU 2017-12 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective 
approach. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

117 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

2.   Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies – continued 

In August 2018, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2018-13”) Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair 
Value Measurement to ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”). ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements for fair 
value measurements by removing, modifying, and/or adding certain disclosures. ASU 2018-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting 
periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. An entity is permitted to early adopt by modifying existing disclosures and delay 
adoption of the additional disclosures until the effective date. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this update on our 
consolidated financial statements and disclosures. 

In October 2018, the FASB issued an update ("ASU 2018-16") Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight 
Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes to ASC 815. ASU 2018-16 expands the list of U.S. 
benchmark interest rates permitted in the application of hedge accounting by adding the OIS rate based on SOFR as an eligible benchmark 
interest rate. ASU 2018-16 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with 
early adoption permitted. We adopted this update effective January 1, 2019. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on 
our consolidated financial statements. 

Significant Accounting Policies 

Real Estate: Real estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Betterments, major renewals and certain 
costs directly related to the improvement and leasing of real estate are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. For 
redevelopment of existing operating properties, the net book value of the existing property under redevelopment plus the cost for the 
construction and improvements incurred in connection with the redevelopment are capitalized to the extent the capitalized costs of the 
property do not exceed the estimated fair value of the redeveloped property when complete. If the cost of the redeveloped property, 
including the net book value of the existing property, exceeds the estimated fair value of the redeveloped property, the excess is charged to 
expense. Depreciation is recognized on a  straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives  which range  from 7 to 40 years. Tenant 
allowances are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the related leases, which approximate the useful lives of the assets. 
Additions to real estate include interest and debt expense capitalized during construction of $73,166,000 and $48,231,000 for the years 
ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

Upon the acquisition of real estate we assess the fair value of acquired assets (including land, buildings and improvements, identified 
intangibles, such as acquired above and below-market leases, acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships) and acquired liabilities and 
we allocate the purchase price based on these assessments which are on a relative fair value basis. We assess fair value based on estimated 
cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash 
flows are based on a number of factors including historical operating results, known trends, and market/economic conditions. We amortize 
identified intangibles that have finite lives over the period they are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of 
the property or business acquired. 

Our properties, including any related intangible assets, are individually reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset 
exceeds the aggregate projected future cash flows over the anticipated holding period on an undiscounted basis. An impairment loss is 
measured based on the excess of the property’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. Impairment analyses are based on our current 
plans, intended holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared. If our estimates of the projected 
future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, or market conditions change, our evaluation of impairment losses may be different and such 
differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements. The evaluation of anticipated discounted cash flows is subjective and 
is based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual 
results. Plans to hold properties over longer periods decrease the likelihood of recording impairment losses. We recognized impairment 
losses of $12,000,000 and $160,700,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2016, respectively. There were no impairment losses 
in the year ended December 31, 2017. 

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VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

2.   Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies – continued 

Significant Accounting Policies - continued 

Partially Owned Entities: We consolidate entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. In determining whether we have a 
controlling financial interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, we consider whether 
the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether we are the primary beneficiary, or have a majority of the voting interests of the 
entity. We are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE when we have (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most 
significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be 
significant to the VIE. We generally do not control a partially owned entity if the approval of all of the partners/members is contractually 
required with respect to decisions that most significantly impact the performance of the partially owned entity. This includes decisions 
regarding operating/capital budgets, and the placement of new or additional financing secured by the assets of the venture, among others. 
We account for investments under the  equity  method  when the requirements for consolidation are not met, and  we have significant 
influence over the operations of the investee. Equity method investments are initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for our 
share of net income or loss and cash contributions and distributions each period. Investments that do not qualify for consolidation or equity 
method accounting are accounted for under the cost method. 

Investments in partially owned entities are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the 
carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded when there is a decline in the fair value below the carrying values 
and we conclude such decline is other-than-temporary. An impairment loss is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of an 
investment  over  its  estimated  fair  value. Impairment  analyses  are  based  on  current  plans,  intended  holding  periods  and  available 
information at the time the analyses are prepared. In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we recognized non-cash impairment 
losses  on  investments  in  partially  owned  entities  aggregating  $44,465,000  and  $20,290,000,  respectively.  There  were  no  non-cash 
impairment losses on investments in partially owned entities in the year ended December 31, 2018. 

220 Central Park South Condominium Units Ready For Sale: We are constructing a residential condominium tower at 220 Central  
Park South ("220 CPS"). Condominium units are reclassed from development costs and construction in progress to 220 Central Park South 
condominium units ready for sale upon receipt of the unit's temporary certificate of occupancy. These units are substantially complete and 
ready for sale. Each unit is carried at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. We have used the relative sales value 
method to allocate costs to individual condominium units. GAAP income is recognized when legal title transfers upon closing of the 
condominium unit sales. As of December 31, 2018, none of the 220 CPS condominium units ready for sale have a carrying value that 
exceeds fair value. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months 
or  less  and  are  carried  at  cost,  which  approximates  fair  value  due  to  their  short-term  maturities. The  majority  of  our  cash  and  cash 
equivalents consists of (i) deposits at major commercial banks, which may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit, 
(ii) United States Treasury Bills, and (iii) Certificate of Deposits placed through an Account Registry Service (“CDARS”). 

Restricted Cash: Restricted cash consists of security deposits, cash restricted for the purposes of facilitating a Section 1031 Like-Kind 
exchange, cash restricted in connection with our deferred compensation plan and cash escrowed under loan agreements for debt service, 
real estate taxes, property insurance and capital improvements. 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: We periodically evaluate the collectability of amounts due from tenants and maintain an allowance 
for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of tenants to make required payments under the lease agreements. We 
also maintain an allowance for receivables arising from the straight-lining of rents. These receivables arise from earnings recognized in 
excess  of  amounts  currently  due  under  the  lease  agreements.  Management  exercises  judgment  in  establishing  these  allowances  and 
considers payment history and current credit status in developing these estimates. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had $4,154,000 
and $5,526,000, respectively, in allowances for doubtful accounts. In addition, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had $1,644,000 and 
$954,000, respectively, in allowances for receivables arising from the straight-lining of rents. 

Deferred Charges: Direct financing costs are deferred and amortized over the terms of the related agreements as a component of 
interest expense. Direct costs related to successful leasing activities are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of 
the related leases. All other deferred charges are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest rate method, in 
accordance with the terms of the agreements to which they relate. 

119 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

2.   Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies – continued 

Significant Accounting Policies - continued 

Income Taxes: Vornado operates in a manner intended to enable it to continue to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856-860 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Under those sections, a REIT which distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income as a 
dividend to its shareholders each year and which meets certain other conditions will not be taxed on that portion of its taxable income 
which is distributed to its shareholders. Vornado distributes to its shareholders 100% of its REIT taxable income and therefore, no provision 
for Federal income taxes is required. Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 2018, were characterized, for federal income 
tax purposes, as 91.7% ordinary income and 8.3% long-term capital gain. Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 2017, 
were characterized, for federal income tax purposes, as ordinary income. Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 2016, were 
characterized, for federal income tax purposes, as 83.5% ordinary income and 16.5% long-term capital gain. 

 We have elected to treat certain consolidated subsidiaries, and may in the future elect to treat newly formed subsidiaries, as taxable 
REIT  subsidiaries  pursuant  to  an  amendment  to  the  Internal  Revenue  Code  that  became  effective  January  1,  2001. Taxable  REIT 
subsidiaries may participate in non-real estate related activities and/or perform non-customary services for tenants and are subject to 
Federal and State income tax at regular corporate tax rates. 

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") was signed into law. The Act includes numerous changes in existing tax 
law, including a permanent reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the 
reduction of federal corporate income tax rates, we decreased the value of our taxable REIT subsidiaries' deferred tax assets which resulted 
in additional income tax expense of $34,800,000 in the year ended December 31, 2017. 

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, our taxable REIT subsidiaries had deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances, of $109,949,000 
and $69,209,000, respectively, and are included in “other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, our 
taxable REIT subsidiaries had deferred tax liabilities of $28,676,000 and $13,697,000, respectively, which are included in "other liabilities" 
on  our  consolidated  balance  sheets. The  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  relate  to  net  operating  loss  carryforwards  and  temporary 
differences between the book and tax basis of asset and liabilities. During 2018, we utilized $42,035,000 of deferred tax assets related to net 
operating loss carryforwards associated with our 220 CPS project. 

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recognized $37,633,000, $42,375,000 and $7,923,000 of income tax 
expense, respectively, based on effective tax rates of approximately 8.2%, 13.3% and 1.4%, respectively. Income tax expense recorded in 
each of the years primarily relates to our consolidated taxable REIT subsidiaries, and certain state, local, and franchise taxes. The year 
ended December 31, 2018 included $16,771,000 of income tax expense relating to the purchase price fair value adjustment recorded upon 
our acquisition of an additional 44.9% ownership interest in Farley Office and Retail Building and $13,888,000 of income tax expense 
recognized on the sale of 220 Central Park South condominium units. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 included 
$34,800,000 of additional tax expense resulting from the reduction in the federal corporate tax rate, as discussed above. The Company has 
no uncertain tax positions recognized as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

The Operating Partnership’s partners are required to report their respective share of taxable income on their individual tax returns. 

The following table reconciles net income attributable to Vornado common shareholders to estimated taxable income for the years 

ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Net income attributable to Vornado common shareholders 
Book to tax differences (unaudited): 

Depreciation and amortization 
Tangible property regulations 
Sale of real estate and other capital transactions 
Vornado stock options 
Earnings of partially owned entities 
Impairment losses 
Straight-line rent adjustments 
Tax expense related to the reduction of our taxable REIT subsidiaries' deferred tax assets 
Net gain on extinguishment of Skyline properties debt 
Other, net 

Estimated taxable income (unaudited) 

For the Year Ended December 31, 
2017 

2016 

2018 

384,832    $ 

234,325   
(86,040 )  
31,527   
(22,992 )  
15,711   
11,260   
(7,133 )  
—   
—   
18,956   
580,446    $ 

162,017    $ 

213,083   
—   
11,991   
(6,383 )  
(3,054 )  
49,062   
(36,696 )  
32,663   
—   
25,057   
447,740    $ 

823,606  

302,092  
—  
(39,109 ) 
(3,593 ) 
(149,094 ) 
170,332  
(137,941 ) 
—  
(457,970 ) 
9,121  
517,444  

$ 

$ 

 The net basis of Vornado’s assets and liabilities for tax reporting purposes is approximately $1.9 billion lower than the amounts 

reported in Vornado’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018. 

120 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

3.   Revenue Recognition 

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606 which establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue 
arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. This standard requires us to 
recognize  for  certain  of  our  revenue  sources  the  transfer  of  promised  goods  or  services  to  customers  in  an  amount  that  reflects  the 
consideration we are entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018 using the 
modified retrospective method applied to all existing contracts not yet completed as of January 1, 2018 and recorded a $14,519,000 
cumulative-effect  adjustment  to  beginning  accumulated  deficit.  The  adoption  of  ASC  606  did  not  have  a  material  impact  on  our 
consolidated financial statements. 

Our revenues primarily consist of property rentals, tenant expense reimbursements, and fee and other income. We operate in two 
reportable segments: New York and Other, with a significant portion of our revenues included in the “New York” segment. We have the 
following revenue sources and revenue recognition policies: 

•   Base rent is revenue arising from tenant leases. These rents are recognized over the non-cancelable term of the related leases on a 
straight-line basis which includes the effects of rent steps and rent abatements. We commence rental revenue recognition when the 
tenant  takes  possession  of  the  leased  space  and  the  leased  space  is  substantially  ready  for  its  intended  use.  In  addition,  in 
circumstances where we provide a tenant improvement allowance for improvements that are owned by the tenant, we recognize 
the allowance as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. 

•   Hotel revenue arising from the operation of Hotel Pennsylvania consists of room revenue, food and beverage revenue, and 
banquet revenue. Room revenue is recognized when rooms are occupied. Food and beverage and banquet revenue are recognized 
when the services have been transferred. 

•   Trade shows revenue arising from the operation of trade shows is primarily booth rentals. This revenue is recognized upon the 

occurrence of the trade shows. 

•   Operating expense reimbursements is revenue arising from tenant leases which provide for the recovery of all or a portion of the 
operating expenses and real estate taxes of the common areas of our properties. Revenue is generally recognized in the same 
period as the related expenses are incurred.  

•   Tenant services is revenue arising from sub-metered electric, elevator, trash removal and other services provided to tenants at their 

request. This revenue is recognized as the services are transferred. 

•   Fee and other income includes management, leasing and other revenue arising from contractual agreements with third parties or 
with partially owned entities, and includes Building Maintenance Service (“BMS”) cleaning, engineering and security services. 
This revenue is recognized as the services are transferred. Fee and other income also includes lease termination fee income which 
is recognized immediately if a tenant vacates or is recognized on a straight-line basis over the shortened remaining lease term. 

121 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

3.   Revenue Recognition - continued 

  Below is a summary of our revenues by segment. Base rent, operating expense reimbursements and lease terminations represent 
revenues from leases and are recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 840, Leases. Revenues from Hotel Pennsylvania, trade shows, 
tenant services, BMS cleaning fees, management and leasing fees and other income represent revenues recognized in accordance with ASC 
606. Additional financial information related to these reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is set 
forth in Note 25 - Segment Information. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Base rent 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Trade shows 

Property rentals 

Operating expense reimbursements 

Tenant services 

Tenant expense reimbursements 

BMS cleaning fees 

Management and leasing fees 

Lease termination fees 

Other income 

Fee and other income 

Total revenues 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Base rent 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Trade shows 

Property rentals 

Operating expense reimbursements 

Tenant services 

Tenant expense reimbursements 

BMS cleaning fees 

Management and leasing fees 

Lease termination fees 

Other income 

Fee and other income 

Total revenues 

____________________ 
See notes on the following page. 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 

Total 

New York 

Other 

1,623,122    $ 
94,399   
42,684   
1,760,205   
193,207   
53,921   
247,128   
120,357   
13,324   
2,144   
20,562   
156,387   
2,163,720    $ 

1,371,182    $ 
94,399   
—   
1,465,581   
177,044   
41,351   
218,395   
129,088   
12,203   
858   
9,911   
152,060   
1,836,036    $ 

251,940    
—   
42,684   
294,624   
16,163   
12,570   
28,733   

(8,731 )  (1) 
1,121   
1,286   
10,651   
4,327   
327,684   

For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 

Total 

New York 

Other 

1,583,443    $ 
89,302   
42,207   
1,714,952   
179,381   
54,043   
233,424   
104,143   
10,087   
8,171   
13,349   
135,750   
2,084,126    $ 

1,347,270    $ 
89,302   
—   
1,436,572   
165,347   
42,273   
207,620   
110,986   
8,599   
7,955   
7,575   
135,115   
1,779,307    $ 

236,173    
—   
42,207   
278,380   
14,034   
11,770   
25,804   

(6,843 )  (1) 
1,488   
216   
5,774   
635   
304,819   

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

122 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

3.   Revenue Recognition - continued 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Base rent 

Hotel Pennsylvania 

Trade shows 

Property rentals 

Operating expense reimbursements 

Tenant services 

Tenant expense reimbursements 

BMS cleaning fees 

Management and leasing fees 

Lease termination fees 

Other income 

Fee and other income 

Total revenues 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Total 

New York 

Other 

$ 

$ 

1,538,605    $ 
80,785   
42,703   
1,662,093   
166,103   
55,460   
221,563   
93,425   
8,243   
8,770   
9,648   
120,086   
2,003,742    $ 

1,313,611    $ 
80,785   
—   
1,394,396   
154,734   
44,304   
199,038   
97,612   
7,531   
7,705   
7,092   
119,940   
1,713,374    $ 

224,994    
—   
42,703   
267,697   
11,369   
11,156   
22,525   

(4,187 )  (1) 
712   
1,065   
2,556   
146   
290,368   

____________________ 
(1)  Represents the elimination of intercompany fees from the New York segment upon consolidation. 

123 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

4.   Acquisitions 

537 West 26th Street 

On February 9, 2018, we acquired 537 West 26th Street, a 14,000 square foot commercial property adjacent to our 260 Eleventh 

Avenue office property, and 55,000 square feet of additional zoning air rights for $44,000,000. 

1535 Broadway 

On July 30, 2012, we entered into a lease with Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. (NYSE: HST) (“Host”), under which we redeveloped the 
retail and signage components of the  Marriott Times  Square  Hotel. We accounted  for this  lease as a  “capital lease”  and recorded a 
$240,000,000 capital lease asset and liability. On September 21, 2018, we acquired the retail condominium from Host for $442,000,000 
(inclusive of the $240,000,000 capital lease liability). The original lease transaction provided that we would become the 100% owner 
through a put/call arrangement, based on a pre-negotiated formula. This transaction satisfies the put/call arrangement. Our 100% fee interest 
includes 45,000 square feet of retail, the 1,611 seat Marquis Theater and the largest digital sign in New York with a 330 linear foot, 25,000 
square foot display. 

Farley Office and Retail Building and Moynihan Train Hall 

In September 2016, our joint venture with the Related Companies (“Related”) was designated by Empire State Development (“ESD”), 
an entity of New York State, to develop the Farley Office and Retail Building (the "Project"). The Project will include a new Moynihan 
Train Hall and approximately 850,000 rentable square feet of commercial space, comprised of approximately 730,000 square feet of office 
space and approximately 120,000 square feet of retail space. On June 15, 2017, the joint venture closed a 99-year, triple-net lease with ESD 
for the commercial space at the Project and made a $230,000,000 upfront contribution towards the construction of the train hall. At that 
time, we accounted for our investment in the joint venture under the equity method of accounting. The lease calls for annual rent payments 
of $5,000,000 plus payments in lieu of real estate taxes. Simultaneously, the joint venture completed a $271,000,000 loan facility, of which 
$257,941,000 is outstanding at December 31, 2018. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 3.25% (4.64% at December 31, 2018) and 
matures in June 2019 with two one-year extension options. 

On October 30, 2018, we increased our ownership interest in the joint venture to 95.0% from 50.1% by acquiring a 44.9% additional 
ownership interest from Related. The purchase price was $41,500,000 plus the reimbursement of $33,026,000 of costs funded by Related 
through October 30, 2018. We consolidate the accounts of the joint venture from the date of acquisition as it is a variable interest entity and 
we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. In connection therewith, we recorded a net gain of $44,060,000, which is included in 
"purchase price fair value adjustment" on our consolidated statements of income. As a result of this gain, because we hold our investment in 
the joint venture through a taxable REIT subsidiary, $16,771,000 of income tax expense was recognized in our consolidated statements of 
income. 

The joint venture has entered into a development agreement with ESD to build the adjacent Moynihan Train Hall, with Vornado and 
Related each guaranteeing the joint venture's obligations. The joint venture has entered into a design-build contract with Skanska Moynihan 
Train Hall Builders pursuant to which they will build the Moynihan Train Hall, thereby fulfilling all of the joint venture's obligations to 
ESD. The obligations of Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders have been bonded by Skanska USA and bear a full guaranty from Skanska 
AB. The development expenditures for the Moynihan Train Hall are estimated to be approximately $1.6 billion, which will be funded by 
governmental agencies. Pursuant to ASC 840-40-55, the joint venture, which we consolidate on our consolidated balance sheets, is required 
to  recognize  all  development  expenditures  for  the  Moynihan  Train  Hall.  Accordingly,  the  development  expenditures  paid  for  by 
governmental agencies through December 31, 2018 of $445,693,000 are shown as “Moynihan Train Hall development expenditures” with a 
corresponding obligation recorded in “Moynihan Train Hall obligation” on our consolidated balance sheets. Upon completion of the 
development, the "Moynihan Train Hall development expenditures" and the offsetting “Moynihan Train Hall obligation” will be removed 
from our consolidated balance sheets. 

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VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

5.   Real Estate Fund Investments 

We are the general partner and investment manager of Vornado Capital Partners Real Estate Fund (the “Fund”) and own a 25.0% 
interest in the Fund, which had an initial eight-year term ending February 2019. On January 29, 2018, the Fund's term was extended to 
February 2023. The Fund's three-year investment period ended in July 2013. The Fund is accounted for under ASC 946, Financial Services 
– Investment Companies (“ASC 946”) and its investments are reported on its balance sheet at fair value, with changes in value each period 
recognized in earnings. We consolidate the accounts of the Fund into our consolidated financial statements, retaining the fair value basis of 
accounting. 

We are also the general partner and investment manager of the Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel Joint Venture (the “Crowne Plaza 
Joint Venture”) and own a 57.1% interest in the joint venture which owns the 24.7% interest in the Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel not 
owned by the Fund. The Crowne Plaza Joint Venture is also accounted for under ASC 946 and we consolidate the accounts of the joint 
venture into our consolidated financial statements, retaining the fair value basis of accounting. 

 On January 17, 2018, the Fund completed the sale of the retail condominium at 11 East 68th Street, a property located on Madison 
Avenue and 68th Street, for $82,000,000. From the inception of this investment through its disposition, the Fund realized a $46,259,000 net 
gain. 

In March 2011, a joint venture (the “Joint Venture”) owned 64.7% by the Fund, 30.3% by Vornado and 5.0% by a third party, 
acquired One Park Avenue for $394,000,000. In connection with the acquisition, the Joint Venture paid $3,000,000 of New York City real 
property transfer tax (the “Transfer Tax”) and filed a Real Property Tax Return (“RPTR”) with the New York City Department of Finance 
(the “Department of Finance”). The RPTR was audited by the Department of Finance in 2014 and an increased Transfer Tax was assessed. 
The  Joint  Venture  appealed  the  increased  Transfer  Tax  assessment  and  the  Joint  Venture's  appeal  was  upheld  by  a  New York  City 
Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) in January 2017. The Department of Finance appealed the ALJ's decision and on February 16, 2018 the 
New York City Tax Appeals Tribunal (the “Tax Tribunal”) reversed the ALJ's decision and assessed $9,491,000 of additional Transfer Tax 
and $6,764,000 of interest. As a result of the Tax Tribunal's decision, we recorded an expense of $15,608,000, before noncontrolling 
interests, during the first quarter of 2018, which was subsequently paid on April 5, 2018, in order to permit us to appeal the Tax Tribunal's 
decision and stop the accrual of interest, of which $10,630,000 is included in “loss (income) from real estate fund investments” and 
$4,978,000 is included in “income from partially owned entities” (see Note 7 - Investments in Partially Owned Entities) on our consolidated 
statements of income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018. We are appealing the Tax Tribunal's decision.  Our appeal of the Tax 
Tribunal's decision is scheduled to be heard by the appellate court in the first half of 2019. 

On April 19, 2018, the joint venture between the Fund and the Crowne Plaza Joint Venture completed a $255,000,000 refinancing of 
the Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel. The interest-only loan is at LIBOR plus 3.53% (6.00% at December 31, 2018) and matures in May 
2020 with three one-year extension options. In connection therewith, the joint venture purchased an interest rate cap that caps LIBOR at a 
rate of 4.00%. The Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel was previously encumbered by a $310,000,000 interest-only mortgage at LIBOR plus 
2.80%, which was scheduled to mature in December 2018. 

As of December 31, 2018, we had four real estate fund investments through the Fund and the Crowne Plaza Joint Venture with an 
aggregate fair value of $318,758,000, or $6,806,000 below our cost, and had remaining unfunded commitments of $50,494,000, of which 
our share was $16,119,000. At December 31, 2017, we had five real estate fund investments with an aggregate fair value of $354,804,000. 

125 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

5.   Real Estate Fund Investments - continued 

Below is a summary of (loss) income from the Fund and the Crowne Plaza Joint Venture for the years ended December 31, 2018, 

2017 and 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Net investment income 

Net unrealized loss on held investments 

Net realized (loss) gain on exited investments 

Previously recorded unrealized gain on exited investment 

Transfer Tax 

(Loss) income from real estate fund investments 

Less loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Loss from real estate fund investments attributable to the Operating Partnership (includes $4,252 of loss 
related to One Park Avenue potential additional transfer taxes and reduction in carried interest for 
the year ended December 31, 2018) 

Less loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership 

Loss from real estate fund investments attributable to Vornado 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

$ 

$ 

6,105    $ 
(83,794 )   
(912 )   
—    
(10,630 )   
(89,231 )   
61,230    

(28,001 )   
1,732    
(26,269 )   $ 

18,507    $ 
(25,807 )   
36,078    
(25,538 )   
—    
3,240    
(14,044 )   

(10,804 )   
673    
(10,131 )   $ 

17,053  
(41,162 ) 
14,761  
(14,254 ) 
—  
(23,602 ) 
2,560  

(21,042 ) 
1,270  
(19,772 ) 

6.   Marketable Securities 

Our portfolio of marketable securities is comprised of equity securities that are presented on our consolidated balance sheets at fair 
value. On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2016-01, which requires changes in the fair value of our marketable securities to be recorded 
in  current  period  earnings.  Previously,  changes  in  the  fair  value  of  marketable  securities  were  recognized  in  "accumulated  other 
comprehensive  income"  on  our  consolidated  balance  sheets. As  a  result,  on  January  1,  2018  we  recorded  a  decrease  to  beginning 
accumulated deficit of $111,225,000 to recognize the unrealized gains previously recorded in “accumulated other comprehensive income” 
on our consolidated balance sheets. Subsequent changes in the fair value of our marketable securities are recorded to “interest and other 
investment income, net” on our consolidated statements of income. 

We evaluate our portfolio of marketable securities for impairment each reporting period. For each of the securities in our portfolio with 
unrealized losses, we review the underlying cause of the decline in value and the estimated recovery period, as well as the severity and 
duration of the decline. In our evaluation, we consider our ability and intent to hold these investments for a reasonable period of time 
sufficient for us to recover our cost basis. We also evaluate the near-term prospects for each of these investments in relation to the severity 
and duration of the decline. 

The table below summarizes the changes of our marketable securities portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Beginning balance 
(Decrease) increase in fair value of marketable securities(1) 

Sale of marketable securities 

Ending balance 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 

Total 

  Lexington Realty Trust   

Other 

$ 

$ 

182,752    $ 
(26,453 )  
(4,101 )  
152,198    $ 

178,226    $ 
(26,596 )  
—   
151,630    $ 

4,526  
143  
(4,101 ) 
568  

 ________________________________________ 
(1) 

Included in “interest and other investment income, net” on our consolidated statements of income (see Note 17 - Interest and Other Investment Income, Net). 

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VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

7.   Investments in Partially Owned Entities 

Alexander’s 

As  of  December  31,  2018,  we  own  1,654,068 Alexander’s  common  shares,  or  approximately  32.4%  of Alexander’s  common 
equity. We  manage,  develop  and  lease Alexander’s  properties  pursuant  to  agreements  which  expire  in  March  of  each  year  and  are 
automatically renewable. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, Alexander’s owed us an aggregate of $708,000 and $2,490,000, respectively, 
pursuant to such agreements. 

As of December 31, 2018 the market value (“fair value” pursuant to ASC 820) of our investment in Alexander’s, based on Alexander’s 
December  31,  2018  closing  share  price  of  $304.74,  was  $504,061,000,  or  $396,078,000  in  excess  of  the  carrying  amount  on  our 
consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2018, the carrying amount of our investment in Alexander’s, excluding amounts owed to 
us, exceeds our share of the equity in the net assets of Alexander’s by approximately $39,046,000. The majority of this basis difference 
resulted from the excess of our purchase price for the Alexander’s common stock acquired over the book value of Alexander’s net assets. 
Substantially all of this basis difference was allocated, based on our estimates of the fair values of Alexander’s assets and liabilities, to real 
estate (land and buildings). We are amortizing the basis difference related to the buildings into earnings as additional depreciation expense 
over their estimated useful lives. This depreciation is not material to our share of equity in Alexander’s net income. The basis difference 
related to the land will be recognized upon disposition of our investment. 

Alexander's paid $3,971,000 of Transfer Tax upon the November 2012 sale of its Kings Plaza Regional Shopping Center located in 
Brooklyn, New York. Alexander's accrued $23,797,000 of potential additional Transfer Tax and related interest based on the precedent 
established by the Tax Tribunal's decision regarding One Park Avenue (see Note 5 - Real Estate Fund Investments for details) during the 
first quarter of 2018 which was subsequently paid on April 5, 2018 in order to preserve Alexander's rights to continue litigation and stop 
accrual of interest, of which our 32.4% share is $7,708,000 and is included in “income from partially owned entities” on our consolidated 
statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

Management, Development, Leasing and Other Agreements 

We receive an annual fee for managing Alexander’s and all of its properties equal to the sum of (i) $2,800,000, (ii) 2% of the gross 
revenue from the Rego Park II Shopping Center, (iii) $0.50 per square foot of the tenant-occupied office and retail space at 731 Lexington 
Avenue, and (iv) $315,000, escalating at 3% per annum, for managing the common area of 731 Lexington Avenue. In addition, we  are 
entitled to a development fee of 6% of development costs, as defined. 

We provide Alexander’s with leasing services for a fee of 3% of rent for the first ten years of a lease term, 2% of rent for the eleventh 
through twentieth year of a lease term and 1% of rent for the twenty-first through thirtieth year of a lease term, subject to the payment of 
rents by Alexander’s tenants. In the event third-party real estate brokers are used, our fee increases by 1% and we are responsible for the 
fees to the third-parties. We are also entitled to a commission upon the sale of any of Alexander’s assets equal to 3% of gross proceeds, as 
defined, for asset sales less than $50,000,000, and 1% of gross proceeds, as defined, for asset sales of $50,000,000 or more. 

Building Maintenance Services (“BMS”), our wholly-owned subsidiary, supervises (i) cleaning, engineering and security services at 
Alexander’s 731 Lexington Avenue property and (ii) security services at Alexander’s Rego Park I, Rego Park II properties and  The 
Alexander apartment tower. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recognized $2,705,000, $2,678,000 and 
$2,583,000 of income, respectively, for these services. 

127 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

7.   Investments in Partially Owned Entities – continued 

Urban Edge Properties (“UE”) (NYSE: UE) 

As of December 31, 2018, we own 5,717,184 UE operating partnership units, representing a 4.5% ownership interest in UE. We 
account for our investment in UE under the equity method and record our share of UE’s net income or loss on a one-quarter lag basis. In 
2018, 2017 and 2016, we provided UE with information technology support. UE is providing us with leasing and property management 
services for (i) certain small retail properties that we plan to sell, (ii) our affiliate, Alexander’s, Rego Park retail assets and (iii) Interstate 
Properties ("Interstate") retail assets. As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of our investment in UE, based on UE’s December 31, 2018 
closing share price of $16.62, was $95,020,000, or $49,676,000 in excess of the carrying amount on our consolidated balance sheet. 

Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust (“PREIT”) (NYSE: PEI) 

As of December 31, 2018, we own 6,250,000 PREIT operating partnership units, representing a 7.9% interest in PREIT. We account 

for our investment in PREIT under the equity method and record our share of PREIT’s net income or loss on a one-quarter lag basis. 

 As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of our investment in PREIT, based on PREIT’s December 31, 2018 closing share price of 
$5.94, was $37,125,000, or $22,366,000 below the carrying amount on our consolidated balance  sheet. As of December 31, 2018, the 
carrying amount of our investment in PREIT exceeds our share of the equity in the net assets of PREIT by approximately $35,744,000. The 
majority of this basis difference resulted from the excess of the fair value of the PREIT operating units received over our share of the book 
value of PREIT’s net assets. Substantially all of this basis difference was allocated, based on our estimates of the fair values of PREIT’s 
assets and liabilities, to real estate (land and buildings). We are amortizing the basis difference related to the buildings into earnings as 
additional depreciation expense over their estimated useful lives. This depreciation is not material to our share of equity in PREIT’s net 
loss. The basis difference related to the land will be recognized upon disposition of our investment. 

Independence Plaza 

We have a 50.1% economic interest in a joint venture that owns Independence Plaza, a three-building 1,327 unit residential complex in 
the Tribeca submarket of Manhattan. The joint venture paid $1,730,000 of Transfer Tax upon its acquisition of the property in December 
2012. The joint venture accrued $13,103,000 of potential additional Transfer Tax and related interest based on the precedent established by 
the Tax Tribunal's decision regarding One Park Avenue (see Note 5 - Real Estate Fund Investments for details) during the first quarter of 
2018, which was subsequently paid on April 5, 2018, in order to preserve the joint venture's rights to continue litigation and stop accrual of 
interest. Because we consolidate the entity that incurred the potential additional Transfer Tax, $13,103,000 of expense is included in 
“transaction related costs, impairment loss and other” and $6,538,000 is allocated to “noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries” 
on our consolidated statements of income. 

On June 11, 2018, the joint venture completed a $675,000,000 refinancing of Independence Plaza. The seven-year interest-only loan 
matures in July 2025 and has a fixed rate of 4.25%. Our share of net proceeds, after repayment of the existing 3.48% $550,000,000 
mortgage and closing costs, was $55,618,000. 

Toys "R" Us, Inc. ("Toys") 

On September 18, 2017, Toys filed a voluntary petition under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. In the second quarter 
of 2018, Toys ceased  U.S. operations. On February 1, 2019, the plan of reorganization for Toys "R" Us, Inc., in which we owned a 32.5% 
interest, was declared effective, and our stock in Toys was canceled. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we carried our Toys investment at 
zero. The canceling of our stock in Toys will result in approximately a $420,000,000 capital loss deduction for tax purposes in 2019 (which 
if not offset by capital gains will result in a capital loss carry over available for five years). 

128 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

7.   Investments in Partially Owned Entities – continued 

666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium 

On August 3, 2018, we completed the sale of our 49.5% interests in the 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium. We received net 
proceeds of $120,000,000 and recognized a financial statement gain of $134,032,000 which is included in "net gains on disposition of 
wholly owned and partially owned assets" on our consolidated statements of income. The gain for tax purposes  was approximately 
$254,000,000. We continue to own all of the 666 Fifth Avenue Retail Condominium encompassing the Uniqlo, Tissot and Hollister stores 
with 125 linear feet of frontage on Fifth Avenue between 52nd and 53rd Street. 

Concurrently with the sale of our interests, the existing mortgage loan on the property was repaid and we received net proceeds of 
$55,244,000 for the participation we held in the mortgage loan. We recognized a financial statement gain of $7,308,000, which is included 
in "net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets" on our consolidated statements of income. 

Below is a schedule summarizing our investments in partially owned entities. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Investments: 

Partially owned office buildings/land(1) 

Alexander’s 

PREIT 

UE 

Other investments(2) 

330 Madison Avenue(3) 

7 West 34th Street(4) 

Percentage 
Ownership at  
December 31, 2018 

As of December 31, 

2018 

2017 

Various 

32.4% 

7.9% 

4.5% 

Various 

25.0% 

53.0% 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

499,005    $ 
107,983    
59,491    
45,344    
146,290    
858,113    $ 

(58,117 )   $ 
(51,579 )   
(109,696 )   $ 

504,393  
126,400  
66,572  
46,152  
313,312  
1,056,829  

(53,999 ) 

(47,369 ) 

(101,368 ) 

________________________________________ 
(1) 
(2) 

Includes interests in 280 Park Avenue, 650 Madison Avenue, One Park Avenue, 512 West 22nd Street, 85 Tenth Avenue, 61 Ninth Avenue and others. 
Includes interests in Independence Plaza, Fashion Centre Mall/Washington Tower, Rosslyn Plaza, 50-70 West 93rd Street, Farley Office and Retail Building (in 2017 
only) and others. On October 30, 2018, we increased our ownership interest in the joint venture which owns the Farley Office and Retail Building to 95.0% when we 
acquired a 44.9% additional ownership interest. Accordingly, beginning October 30, 2018 we consolidated the accounts of the joint venture (see page 124 for details). 

(3)  Our negative basis resulted from a refinancing distribution and is included in "other liabilities" on our consolidated balance sheets. 
(4)  Our negative basis results from a deferred gain from the sale of a 47.0% ownership interest in the property on May 27, 2016 and is included in "other liabilities" on our 

consolidated balance sheets. 

129 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

7.   Investments in Partially Owned Entities – continued 

Below is a schedule of net income (loss) from partially owned entities. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Our share of net income (loss): 

Alexander's (see page 127 for details): 
Equity in net income(1) 

Management, leasing and development fees 

UE (see page 128 for details): 
Equity in net income(2) 

Management fees 

Partially owned office buildings(3) 

PREIT (see page 128 for details)(4) 

Other investments(5) 

Percentage 
Ownership at  
December 31, 2018 

As of December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

32.4% 

 $ 

10,485    $ 
4,560   
15,045   

25,820    $ 
6,033   
31,853   

4.5% 

Various 

7.9% 

Various 

4,227   
233   
4,460   

(3,085 )  

26,658   
670   
27,328   

2,109   

(3,015 )  

(53,325 )  

(5,213 ) 

(4,256 )  

7,235   

128,309  

 $ 

9,149    $ 

15,200    $ 

168,948  

27,470  
6,770  
34,240  

5,003  
836  
5,839  

5,773  

____________________ 
(1)  2018 includes (i) our $7,708 share of Alexander's potential additional Transfer Tax, (ii) our $3,882 share of expense related to the decrease in fair value of marketable 
securities held by Alexander’s, (iii) our $1,085 share of a non-cash straight-line rent write-off adjustment related to Sears Roebuck and Co. which filed for Chapter 11 
bankruptcy relief and (iv) our $518 share of Alexander’s litigation expense due to a settlement. 

(2)  2017 includes $21,100 of net gains resulting from UE operating partnership unit issuances. 
(3) 

Includes interests in 280 Park Avenue, 650 Madison Avenue, One Park Avenue, 7 West 34th Street, 330 Madison Avenue, 512 West 22nd Street, 85 Tenth Avenue and 
others. 2018 includes our $4,978 share of potential additional Transfer Tax related to the March 2011 acquisition of One Park Avenue (see Note 5 - Real Estate Fund 
Investments). 

(4)  2017 includes a $44,465 non-cash impairment loss. 
(5) 

Includes interests in Independence Plaza, Fashion Centre Mall/Washington Tower, Rosslyn Plaza, 50-70 West 93rd Street, 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (sold 
on August 3, 2018) and others. In 2017, we recognized $26,687 of net gains, comprised of $15,314 for our share of a net gain on the sale of Suffolk Downs and $11,373 
for the net gain on repayment of our debt investments in Suffolk Downs JV. In 2018, 2017 and 2016, we recognized net losses of $4,873, $25,414, and $41,532, 
respectively, from our 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium joint venture as a result of our share of depreciation expense. In 2016, the owner of 85 Tenth Avenue 
completed a 10-year, 4.55% $625,000 refinancing of the property and we received net proceeds of $191,779 in repayment of our existing loans and preferred equity 
investments. We recognized $160,843 of income and no tax gain as a result of this transaction. 

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VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

7.   Investments in Partially Owned Entities – continued 

Below is a summary of the debt of our partially owned entities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Partially owned office buildings(2): 

Mortgages payable 

Percentage 
Ownership at  
December 31, 2018 

Maturity 

Interest 
Rate at  
December 31, 2018 

100% Partially Owned Entities’ 
Debt at December 31,(1) 

2018 

2017 

Various 

2019-2026 

4.18% 

  $ 

3,985,855    $ 

3,934,894  

PREIT: 

Mortgages payable 

UE: 

Mortgages payable 

Alexander's: 

Mortgages payable 

Other(3): 

7.9% 

2020-2025 

3.81% 

1,642,408   

1,586,045  

4.5% 

2021-2034 

4.09% 

1,563,375   

1,415,806  

32.4% 

2021-2025 

3.67% 

1,170,544   

1,252,440  

Mortgages payable and other 
________________________________________ 
(1)  All amounts are non-recourse to us except the $300,000 mortgage loan on 7 West 34th Street which we guaranteed in connection with the sale of a 47.0% equity interest 

2019-2025 

Various 

4.57% 

1,358,706   

8,601,383  

(2) 
(3) 

in May 2016. 
Includes 280 Park Avenue, 650 Madison Avenue, One Park Avenue, 7 West 34th Street, 330 Madison Avenue, 512 West 22nd Street, 85 Tenth Avenue and others. 
Includes Independence Plaza, Rosslyn Plaza, Fashion Centre Mall/Washington Tower, 50-70 West 93rd Street, Toys, 666 Fifth Avenue Office Condominium (sold on 
August 3, 2018), Farley Office and Retail Building (in 2017 only) and others. On October 30, 2018, we increased our ownership interest in the joint venture which owns 
the Farley Office and Retail Building to 95.0% when we acquired a 44.9% additional ownership interest. Accordingly, beginning October 30, 2018 we consolidated the 
accounts of the joint venture (see page 124 for details). 

Based on our ownership interest in the partially owned entities above, our pro rata share of the debt of these partially owned entities 

was $2,682,865,000 and $5,288,276,000 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

Summary of Condensed Combined Financial Information 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  condensed  combined  financial  information  for  all  of  our  partially  owned  entities,  including  

Alexander’s, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 and for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Balance Sheet: 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Noncontrolling interests 

Equity 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Income Statement: 

Total revenue 

Net loss 

Balance as of December 31, 

2018 

2017 

$ 

13,258,000    $ 
10,456,000   
139,000   
2,663,000   

24,812,000  
22,739,000  
140,000  
1,933,000  

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

$ 

1,798,000    $ 
52,000   

12,991,000    $ 
(542,000 )  

13,600,000  
(65,000 ) 

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VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

8.   220 Central Park South ("220 CPS") 

We are constructing a residential condominium tower containing 397,000 salable square feet at 220 CPS. The development cost of this 
project (exclusive of land cost) is estimated to be approximately $1.4 billion, of which $1.2 billion has been expended as of December 31, 
2018. 

GAAP income from our 220 CPS project is recognized when legal title transfers upon closing of the condominium unit sales. During 
the fourth quarter of 2018, we completed the sale of 11 condominium units at 220 CPS for net proceeds aggregating $214,776,000 and 
resulting in a financial statement net gain of $81,224,000 which is included in "net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially 
owned  assets"  on  our  consolidated  statements  of  income.  In  connection  with  these  sales,  $13,888,000  of  income  tax  expense  was 
recognized in our consolidated statements of income and $213,000,000 of the $950,000,000 220 CPS loan was repaid. 

For income tax purposes, we recognize revenue associated with our 220 CPS project using the percentage of completion method. On 
May 25, 2018, the 220 CPS condominium offering plan was declared effective by the Attorney General of the State of New York. We paid 
$52,200,000 for estimated Federal, state and local income taxes due, which is included in "other assets" on our consolidated balance sheet 
as of December 31, 2018. 

As of December 31, 2018, 83% of the condominium units are sold or under sales contracts, with closings scheduled through 2020. 

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VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

9.   Dispositions 

New York 

On June 21, 2018 we completed the $45,000,000 sale of 27 Washington Square North, which resulted in a net gain of $23,559,000 
which is included in "net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets" on our consolidated statements of income.  

Discontinued Operations 

Washington, DC 

On June 20, 2017, we completed a $220,000,000 financing of The Bartlett residential building. The five-year interest-only loan is at 
LIBOR plus 1.70% and matures in June  2022. On July 17, 2017, the  property, the loan and the $217,000,000 of net proceeds were 
transferred to JBG SMITH Properties ("JBGS") in connection with the tax-free spin-off of our Washington, DC segment. 

On July 17, 2017, prior to completion of the tax-free spin-off of our Washington, DC segment, we repaid the $43,581,000 LIBOR plus 
1.25% mortgage encumbering 1700 and 1730 M Street which was scheduled to mature in August 2017. The unencumbered property was 
then transferred to JBGS in connection with the tax-free spin-off of our Washington, DC segment. 

On July 17, 2017, we completed the spin-off of our Washington, DC segment comprised of (i) 37 office properties totaling over 11.1 
million square feet, five multifamily properties with 3,133 units and five other assets totaling approximately 406,000 square feet and (ii) 18 
future development assets totaling over 10.4 million square feet of estimated potential development density, and (iii) $412.5 million of cash 
($275.0 million plus The Bartlett financing proceeds less transaction costs and other mortgage items) to JBGS. On July 18, 2017, JBGS was 
combined with the management business and certain Washington, DC assets of The JBG Companies (“JBG”), a Washington, DC real estate 
company. Steven Roth, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado, is the Chairman of the Board of 
Trustees of JBGS. Mitchell Schear, former President of our Washington, DC business, is a member of the Board of Trustees of JBGS. We 
are providing transition services to JBGS initially including information technology, financial reporting and payroll services. The spin-off 
was effected through a tax-free distribution by Vornado to the holders of Vornado common shares of all of the common shares of JBGS at 
the rate of one JBGS common share for every two common shares of Vornado and the distribution by the Operating Partnership to the 
holders of its common units of all of the outstanding common units of JBG SMITH Properties LP (“JBGSLP”) at the rate of one JBGSLP 
common unit for every two common units of VRLP held of record. See JBGS’ Amendment No. 3 on Form 10 (File No. 1-37994) filed with 
the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 9, 2017 for additional information. Beginning in the third quarter of 2017, the historical 
financial results of our Washington, DC segment are reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for all 
periods presented. 

On March 15, 2016, we notified the servicer of the $678,000,000 non-recourse mortgage loan on the Skyline properties located in 
Fairfax, Virginia, that cash flow would be insufficient to service the debt and pay other property related costs and expenses and that we 
were  not  willing  to  fund  additional  cash  shortfalls.  Accordingly,  at  our  request,  the  loan  was  transferred  to  the  special  servicer. 
Consequently, based on the shortened holding period for the underlying assets, we concluded that the excess of carrying amount over our 
estimate of fair value was not recoverable and recognized a $160,700,000 non-cash impairment loss in the first quarter of 2016. The 
Company’s estimate of fair value was derived from a discounted cash flow model based upon market conditions and expectations of growth 
and utilized unobservable quantitative inputs including a capitalization rate of 8.0% and a discount rate of 8.2%. In the second quarter of 
2016, cash flow became insufficient to service the debt and we ceased making debt service payments. Pursuant to the loan agreement, the 
loan was in default, and was subject to incremental default interest which increased the weighted average interest rate from 2.97% to 4.51% 
while the outstanding balance remains unpaid. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized $7,823,000 of default interest 
expense. On August 24, 2016, the Skyline properties were placed in receivership. On December 21, 2016, the disposition of the Skyline 
properties was completed by  the receiver. In connection therewith, the Skyline properties’ assets (approximately $236,535,000) and 
liabilities (approximately aggregating $724,412,000), were removed from our consolidated balance sheet which resulted in a net gain of 
$487,877,000. There was no taxable income related to this transaction. 

133 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

9.   Dispositions – continued 

Discontinued Operations - continued 

  We have reclassified the revenues and expenses of our former Washington, DC segment, which was spun off on July 17, 2017, and 
other related retail assets that were sold to “income (loss) from discontinued operations” and the related assets and liabilities to “other 
assets” and “other liabilities” for all of the periods presented in the accompanying financial statements. The tables below set forth the assets 
and liabilities related to discontinued operations as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and their combined results of operations and cash 
flows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Assets related to discontinued operations (included in other assets) 

Liabilities related to discontinued operations (included in other liabilities) 

Balance as of December 31, 

2018 

2017 

$ 

$ 

113    $ 

55    $ 

1,357  

3,620  

(Amounts in thousands) 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations: 

Total revenues 

Total expenses 

Net gains on sale of real estate, a lease position and other 

JBGS spin-off transaction costs 

Income (loss) from partially-owned entities 

Net gain on early extinguishment of debt 

Impairment losses 

Pretax income (loss) from discontinued operations 

Income tax expense 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations 

Cash flows related to discontinued operations: 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

1,114    $ 
1,094   
20   
618   
—   
—   
—   
—   
638   
—   
638    $ 

(1,683 )   $ 
—   

261,290    $ 
212,169   
49,121   
6,605   
(68,662 )  
435   
—   
—   
(12,501 )  
(727 )  
(13,228 )   $ 

42,578    $ 
(48,377 )  

521,084  
442,032  
79,052  
20,376  
(16,586 ) 

(3,559 ) 
487,877  
(161,165 ) 
405,995  
(1,083 ) 
404,912  

157,484  
(216,125 ) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

134 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

10.  Identified Intangible Assets and Liabilities 

The following summarizes our identified intangible assets (primarily above-market leases) and liabilities (primarily below-market 

leases) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Identified intangible assets: 

Gross amount 

Accumulated amortization 

Total, net 

Identified intangible liabilities (included in deferred revenue): 

Gross amount 

Accumulated amortization 

Total, net 

Balance as of December 31, 

2018 

2017 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

308,895    $ 
(172,114 )  
136,781    $ 

503,373    $ 
(341,779 )  
161,594    $ 

310,097  
(150,837 ) 
159,260  

530,497  
(324,897 ) 
205,600  

Amortization of acquired below-market leases, net of acquired above-market leases, resulted in an increase to rental income of 
$38,573,000, $46,103,000 and $51,849,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Estimated annual 
amortization of acquired below-market leases, net of acquired above-market leases, for each of the five succeeding years commencing 
January 1, 2019 is as follows: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

$ 

24,661   
23,591   
18,857   
15,746   
13,215   

Amortization of all other identified intangible assets (a component of depreciation and amortization expense) was $18,018,000, 
$25,057,000 and $28,897,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Estimated annual amortization of all 
other identified intangible assets including acquired in-place leases, customer relationships, and third party contracts for each of the five 
succeeding years commencing January 1, 2019 is as follows: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

$ 

13,726   
13,513   
11,974   
10,244   
10,157   

We are a tenant under ground leases at certain properties. Amortization of these acquired below-market leases, net of above-market 
leases, resulted in an increase to rent expense (a component of operating expense) of $1,747,000 for each of the years ended December 31, 
2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Estimated annual amortization of these below-market leases, net of above-market leases, for each of the 
five succeeding years commencing January 1, 2019 is as follows: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

$ 

1,747   
1,747   
1,747   
1,747   
1,747   

135 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

11.   Debt 

Secured Debt 

On January 5, 2018, we completed a $100,000,000 refinancing of 33-00 Northern Boulevard (Center Building), a 471,000 square foot 
office building in Long Island City, New York. The seven-year loan is at LIBOR plus 1.80%, which was swapped to a fixed rate of 4.14%. 
We realized net proceeds of approximately $37,200,000 after repayment of the existing 4.43% $59,800,000 mortgage and closing costs. 

On August 9, 2018, we completed a $120,000,000 refinancing of 4 Union Square South, a 206,000 square foot Manhattan retail 
property. The interest-only loan carries a rate of LIBOR plus 1.40% (3.75% as of December 31, 2018) and matures in 2025, as extended. 
The property was previously encumbered by a $113,000,000 mortgage at LIBOR plus 2.15%, which was scheduled to mature in 2019. 

On November 16, 2018, we completed a $205,000,000 refinancing of 150 West 34th Street, a 78,000 square foot Manhattan retail 
property. The interest-only loan carries a rate of LIBOR plus 1.88% (4.26% as of December 31, 2018) and matures in 2024, as extended. 
Concurrently, we invested $105,000,000 in a participation in the refinanced mortgage loan, which earns interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 
2.00% (4.38% as of December 31, 2018) and also matures in 2024, as extended, and is included in "other assets" on our consolidated 
balance sheets. The property was previously encumbered by a mortgage of the same amount at LIBOR plus 2.25%, which was scheduled to 
mature in 2020. 

Unsecured Term Loan 

On October 26, 2018, we extended our $750,000,000 unsecured term loan from October 2020 to February 2024. The interest rate on 
the extended unsecured term loan was lowered from LIBOR plus 1.15% to LIBOR plus 1.00% (3.52% as of December 31, 2018). In 
connection with the extension of our unsecured term loan, we entered into an interest rate swap from LIBOR plus 1.00% to a fixed rate of 
3.87% through October 2023. 

136 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

11.  Debt – continued 

The following is a summary of our debt: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Mortgages Payable: 

Fixed rate 

Variable rate 

Total 

Deferred financing costs, net and other 

Total, net 

Unsecured Debt: 

Senior unsecured notes 

Deferred financing costs, net and other 

Senior unsecured notes, net 

Unsecured term loan 

Deferred financing costs, net and other 

Unsecured term loan, net 

Unsecured revolving credit facilities 

Total, net 

Weighted Average 
Interest Rate at  
December 31, 2018 

Balance at December 31, 

2018 

2017 

3.53% 

4.33% 

3.84% 

4.21% 

3.87% 

3.46% 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

5,003,465    $ 
3,212,382   
8,215,847   
(48,049 )  
8,167,798    $ 

850,000    $ 
(5,998 )  
844,002   

750,000   
(5,179 )  
744,821   

80,000   

5,461,706  
2,742,133  
8,203,839  

(66,700 ) 
8,137,139  

850,000  
(6,386 ) 
843,614  

750,000  
(1,266 ) 
748,734  

—  

  $ 

1,668,823    $ 

1,592,348  

The net carrying amount of properties collateralizing the mortgages payable amounted to $9.1 billion at December 31, 2018. 

As of December 31, 2018, the principal repayments required for the next five years and thereafter are as follows: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Year Ended December 31, 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

Thereafter 

Senior Unsecured 
Debt and 
Unsecured 
Resolving Credit 
Unsecured 
Facilities 

Mortgages Payable   

$ 

2,569,332    $ 
2,192,567   
1,613,948   
950,000   
391,800   
498,200   

—   
—   
80,000   
400,000   
—   
1,200,000   

137 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

12.  Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests/Redeemable Partnership Units 

Redeemable noncontrolling interests on Vornado’s consolidated balance sheets and redeemable partnership units on the consolidated 
balance sheets of the Operating Partnership are primarily comprised of Class A Operating Partnership units held by third parties and are 
recorded at the greater of their carrying amount or redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the value from period 
to period are charged to “additional capital” in Vornado’s consolidated statements of changes in equity and to “partners’ capital” on the 
consolidated balance sheets of the Operating Partnership. Class A units may be tendered for redemption to the Operating Partnership for 
cash; Vornado, at its option, may assume that obligation and pay the holder either cash or Vornado common shares on a one-for-one 
basis. Because the number of Vornado common shares outstanding at all times equals the number of Class A units owned by Vornado, the 
redemption value of each Class A unit is equivalent to the market value of one Vornado common share, and the quarterly distribution to a 
Class A unitholder is equal to the quarterly dividend paid to a Vornado common shareholder. 

Below are the details of redeemable noncontrolling interests/redeemable partnership units as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands, except units and per unit amounts) 

Unit Series 

2018 

2017 

2018 

2017 

Balance as of 
 December 31, 

Units Outstanding at 
December 31, 

Per Unit 
Liquidation 
Preference 

Preferred or 
Annual 
Distribution 
Rate 

Common: 

Class A units held by third parties 

 $ 

778,134    $ 

979,509   

12,544,477   

12,528,899   

n/a    $ 

2.52  

Perpetual Preferred/Redeemable Preferred(1): 

5.00% D-16 Cumulative Redeemable 

3.25% D-17 Cumulative Redeemable 

 $ 

 $ 

1,000    $ 
4,428    $ 

1,000   
4,428   

1   
177,100   

1    $  1,000,000.00    $ 
25.00    $ 

177,100    $ 

50,000.00  
0.8125  

________________________________________ 
(1)  Holders may tender units for redemption to the Operating Partnership for cash at their stated redemption amount; Vornado, at its option, may assume that obligation and 

pay the holders either cash or Vornado preferred shares on a one-for-one basis. These units are redeemable at Vornado's option at any time. 

Below is a table summarizing the activity of redeemable noncontrolling interests/redeemable partnership units. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Balance, December 31, 2016 

Net income 

Other comprehensive income 

Distributions 

Redemption of Class A units for Vornado common shares, at redemption value 

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A units at redemption value (including $224,069 attributable to the spin-off of JBGS) 

Other, net 

Balance, December 31, 2017 

Net income 

Other comprehensive loss 

Distributions 

Redemption of Class A units for Vornado common shares, at redemption value 

Adjustments to carry redeemable Class A units at redemption value 

Other, net 

Balance, December 31, 2018 

$ 

$ 

1,278,446  
10,910  
643  
(33,229 ) 

(38,747 ) 

(268,494 ) 
35,408  
984,937  
25,672  
(836 ) 

(31,828 ) 

(17,068 ) 

(198,064 ) 
20,749  
783,562  

Redeemable noncontrolling interests/redeemable partnership units exclude our Series G-1 through G-4 convertible preferred units and 
Series D-13 cumulative redeemable preferred units, as they are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing 
Liabilities and Equity, because of their possible settlement by issuing a variable number of Vornado common shares. Accordingly, the fair 
value of these units is included as a component of “other liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets and aggregated $50,561,000 as of 
December 31, 2018 and 2017. Changes in the value from period to period, if any, are charged to “interest and debt expense” on our 
consolidated statements of income. 

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VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

13.  Shareholders' Equity/Partners' Capital 

Common Shares (Vornado Realty Trust) 

As of December 31, 2018, there were 190,535,499 common shares outstanding. During 2018, we paid an aggregate of $479,348,000 of 

common dividends comprised of quarterly common dividends of $0.63 per share. 

Class A Units (Vornado Realty L.P.) 

As of December 31, 2018, there were 190,535,499 Class A units outstanding that were held by Vornado. These units are classified as 
“partners’ capital” on the consolidated balance sheets of the Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2018, there were 12,544,477 Class 
A units outstanding, that were held by third parties. These units are classified outside of “partners’ capital” as “redeemable partnership 
units” on the consolidated balance sheets of the Operating Partnership (See Note 12 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests/Redeemable 
Partnership Units). During 2018, the Operating Partnership paid an aggregate of $479,348,000 of distributions to Vornado comprised of 
quarterly common distributions of $0.63 per unit. 

Preferred Share/Preferred Units 

On January 4 and 11, 2018, we redeemed all of the outstanding 6.625% Series G and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred 
shares/units  at  their  redemption  price  of  $25.00  per  share/unit,  or  $470,000,000  in  the  aggregate,  plus  accrued  and  unpaid 
dividends/distributions through the date of redemption, and expensed $14,486,000 of previously capitalized issuance costs. 

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  details  of  our  preferred  shares  of  beneficial  interest  and  the  preferred  units  of  the  Operating 

Partnership as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands, except share/unit and per share/per unit amounts)     

Convertible Preferred: 

Preferred Shares/Units 

Balance as of 
 December 31, 

  Shares/Units Outstanding 
at December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2018 

2017 

  Liquidation 
Preference 

Annual  
Dividend/  
Distribution(1) 

Per Share/Unit 

6.5% Series A: authorized 83,977 shares/units(2) 

  $ 

1,071    $ 

1,102   

18,580   

19,573    $ 

50.00    $ 

3.25   

Cumulative Redeemable Preferred: 

5.70% Series K: authorized 12,000,000 shares/units(3) 
5.40% Series L: authorized 12,000,000 shares/units(3) 
5.25% Series M: authorized 12,780,000 shares/units(3) 

290,971   
290,306   
308,946   
  $  891,294    $ 

290,971   
290,306   
309,609   
891,988   

12,000,000   
12,000,000   
12,780,000   
36,798,580   

12,000,000   
12,000,000   
12,780,000   
36,799,573     

25.00   
25.00   
25.00    

1.425   
1.35   
1.3125    

________________________________________ 
(1)  Dividends on preferred shares and distributions on preferred units are cumulative and are payable quarterly in arrears. 
(2)  Redeemable at the option of Vornado under certain circumstances, at a redemption price of 1.9531 common shares/Class A units per Series A Preferred Share/Unit plus 
accrued and unpaid dividends/distributions through the date of redemption, or convertible at any time at the option of the holder for 1.9531 common shares/Class A units 
per Series A Preferred Share/Unit. 

(3)  Redeemable at Vornado's option at a redemption price of $25.00 per share/unit, plus accrued and unpaid dividends/distributions through the date of redemption. 

During 2018, we paid an aggregate of $55,115,000 of preferred dividends. 

139 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

13.  

Shareholders' Equity/Partners' Capital - continued 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

The following table sets forth the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 

Total 

128,682    $ 
(108,374 )  
(12,644 )  

7,664    $ 

$ 

$ 

Securities 
available- 
for-sale 

Pro rata share of 
nonconsolidated 
subsidiaries' OCI   

Interest 
rate 
swap 

109,554    $ 
(109,554 )  
—   
—    $ 

3,769    $ 
(1,671 )  
1,155   
3,253    $ 

23,542    $ 
2,851   
(14,634 )  
11,759    $ 

Other 

(8,183 ) 
—  
835  
(7,348 ) 

Balance as of December 31, 2017 
Cumulative effect of accounting change (see Note 2) 
Net current period other comprehensive income 

Balance as of December 31, 2018 

14.  Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) 

Unconsolidated VIEs 

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we have several unconsolidated VIEs. We do not consolidate these entities because we are not the 
primary  beneficiary  and  the  nature  of  our  involvement  in  the  activities  of  these  entities  does  not  give  us  power  over  decisions  that 
significantly affect these entities’ economic performance. We account for our investment in these entities under the equity method (see Note 
7 – Investments in Partially Owned Entities). As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the net carrying amount of our investments in these 
entities was $257,882,000 and $352,925,000, respectively, and our maximum exposure to loss in these entities is limited to the carrying 
amount of our investments. 

Consolidated VIEs 

Our most significant consolidated VIEs are the Operating Partnership (for Vornado), the Fund and the Crowne Plaza Joint Venture,  the 
Farley joint venture and certain properties that have non-controlling interests. These entities are VIEs because the non-controlling interests 
do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights. We consolidate these entities because we control all significant business activities. 

As  of  December  31,  2018,  the  total  assets  and  liabilities  of  our  consolidated  VIEs,  excluding  the  Operating  Partnership,  were 
$4,445,436,000 and $2,533,753,000 respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the total assets and liabilities of our consolidated VIEs, 
excluding the Operating Partnership, were $3,561,062,000 and $1,753,798,000, respectively. 

140 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

15.  Fair Value Measurements 

ASC 820 defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. The objective of fair value is to determine the price 
that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the 
measurement date (the exit price). ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to 
measure fair value into three levels: Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for 
assets or liabilities; Level 2 – observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted in active markets, but corroborated by market data; and 
Level 3 – unobservable inputs that are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to 
Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. In determining fair value, we utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of 
observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible, as well as consider counterparty credit risk in our 
assessment of fair value. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret Level 2 and 3 inputs in determining the fair value of our financial 
and non-financial assets and liabilities. Accordingly, our fair value estimates, which are made at the end of each reporting period, may be 
different than the amounts that may ultimately be realized upon sale or disposition of these assets. 

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis 

Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets consist of (i) marketable securities, 
(ii) real estate fund investments, (iii) the assets in our deferred compensation plan (for which there is a corresponding liability on our 
consolidated balance sheets), (iv) interest rate swaps and (v) mandatorily redeemable instruments (Series G-1 through G-4 convertible 
preferred units, Series D-13 cumulative redeemable preferred units, and 6.625% Series G and Series I cumulative redeemable preferred 
shares/units which were redeemed on January 4 and 11, 2018 (See Note 13 - Shareholders' Equity/Partners' Capital)). The tables below 
aggregate the fair values of these financial assets and liabilities by their levels in the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2018 and 
2017, respectively. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Marketable securities 

Real estate fund investments 

Deferred compensation plan assets ($8,402 included in restricted cash and $88,122 in 

other assets) 

Interest rate swaps (included in other assets) 

Total assets 

Mandatorily redeemable instruments (included in other liabilities) 

Interest rate swaps (included in other liabilities) 

Total liabilities 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Marketable securities 

Real estate fund investments 

Deferred compensation plan assets ($11,545 included in restricted cash and $97,632 in 

other assets) 

Interest rate swaps (included in other assets) 

Total assets 

Mandatorily redeemable instruments ($50,561 included in other liabilities) 

Interest rate swaps (included in other liabilities) 

Total liabilities 

As of December 31, 2018 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

152,198    $ 
318,758   

96,524 
27,033   
594,513    $ 

50,561    $ 
15,236   
65,797    $ 

152,198    $ 
—   

58,716 
—   
210,914    $ 

50,561    $ 
—   
50,561    $ 

—    $ 
—   

— 
27,033   
27,033    $ 

—    $ 

15,236   
15,236    $ 

—  
318,758  

37,808 
—  
356,566  

—  
—  
—  

As of December 31, 2017 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

182,752    $ 
354,804   

109,177 
27,472   
674,205    $ 

520,561    $ 
1,052   
521,613    $ 

182,752    $ 
—   

69,049 
—   
251,801    $ 

520,561    $ 
—   
520,561    $ 

—    $ 
—   

— 
27,472   
27,472    $ 

—    $ 

1,052   
1,052    $ 

—  
354,804  

40,128 
—  
394,932  

—  
—  
—  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

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VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

15.  Fair Value Measurements – continued 

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis - continued 

Real Estate Fund Investments 

As of December 31, 2018, we had four real estate fund investments through the Fund and the Crowne Plaza Joint Venture with an 
aggregate fair value of $318,758,000, or $6,806,000 below our cost. These investments are classified as Level 3. We use a discounted cash 
flow valuation technique to estimate the fair value of each of these investments, which is updated quarterly by personnel responsible for the 
management  of  each  investment  and  reviewed  by  senior  management  at  each  reporting  period. The  discounted  cash  flow  valuation 
technique requires us to estimate cash flows for each investment over the anticipated holding period, which currently ranges from 0.3 years 
to 4.0 years. Cash flows are derived from property rental revenue (base rents plus reimbursements) less operating expenses, real estate taxes 
and capital and other costs, plus projected sales proceeds in the year of exit. Property rental revenue is based on leases currently in place 
and  our  estimates  for  future  leasing  activity,  which  are  based  on  current  market  rents  for  similar  space  plus  a  projected  growth 
factor. Similarly, estimated operating expenses and real estate taxes are based on amounts incurred in the current period plus a projected 
growth factor for future periods. Anticipated sales proceeds at the end of an investment’s expected holding period are determined based on 
the net cash flow of the investment in the year of exit, divided by a terminal capitalization rate, less estimated selling costs. 

The fair value of each property is calculated by discounting the future cash flows (including the projected sales proceeds), using an 
appropriate discount rate and then reduced by the property’s outstanding debt, if any, to determine the fair value of the equity in each 
investment. Significant unobservable quantitative inputs used in determining the fair value of each investment include capitalization rates 
and discount rates. These rates are based on the location, type and nature of each property, and current and anticipated market conditions, 
industry publications and from the experience of our Acquisitions and Capital Markets departments. Significant unobservable quantitative 
inputs in the table below were utilized in determining the fair value of these real estate fund investments as of December 31, 2018 and 
2017. 

Unobservable Quantitative Input 

Discount rates 

December 31, 2018 

10.0% to 15.0% 

  December 31, 2017 
2.0% to 14.9% 

  December 31, 2018 
13.4% 

Terminal capitalization rates 

5.4% to 7.7% 

4.7% to 6.7% 

5.7% 

  December 31, 2017 

11.9% 

5.5% 

Range 

Weighted Average 
(based on fair value of investments) 

The above inputs are subject to change based on changes in economic and market conditions and/or changes in use or timing of 
exit. Changes in discount rates and terminal capitalization rates result in increases or decreases in the fair values of these investments. The 
discount rates encompass, among other things, uncertainties in the valuation models with respect to terminal capitalization rates and the 
amount and timing of cash flows. Therefore, a change in the fair value of these investments resulting from a change in the terminal 
capitalization rate may be partially offset by a change in the discount rate. It is not possible for us to predict the effect of future economic or 
market conditions on our estimated fair values. 

The table below summarizes the changes in the fair value of real estate fund investments that are classified as Level 3, for the years 

ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Beginning balance 

Net unrealized loss on held investments 

Purchases/additional fundings 

Dispositions 

Net realized (loss) gain on exited investments 

Previously recorded unrealized gain on exited investment 

Other, net 

Ending balance 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

$ 

$ 

354,804    $ 
(83,794 )  
68,950   
(20,290 )  
(912 )  
—   
—   
318,758    $ 

462,132  

(25,807 ) 
—  
(91,606 ) 
36,078  
(25,538 ) 

(455 ) 
354,804  

142 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

15.  Fair Value Measurements – continued 

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis - continued 

Deferred Compensation Plan Assets 

Deferred compensation plan assets that are classified as Level 3 consist of investments in limited partnerships and investment funds, 
which are managed by third parties. We receive quarterly financial reports from a third-party administrator, which are compiled from the 
quarterly reports provided to them from each limited partnership and investment fund. The quarterly reports provide net asset values on a 
fair value basis which are audited by independent public accounting firms on an annual basis. The third-party administrator does not adjust 
these values in determining our share of the net assets and we do not adjust these values when reported in our consolidated financial 
statements. 

The table below summarizes the changes in the fair value of deferred compensation plan assets that are classified as Level 3, for the 

years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Beginning balance 

Sales 

Purchases 

Realized and unrealized (losses) gains 

Other, net 

Ending balance 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

$ 

$ 

40,128    $ 
(12,621 )  
9,183   
(274 )  
1,392   
37,808    $ 

57,444  

(27,715 ) 
5,786  
2,519  
2,094  
40,128  

Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis 

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on our consolidated balance sheets consist primarily of real estate assets required 
to be  measured for impairment at  December 31, 2018. There  were  no assets  measured  at fair  value on a nonrecurring basis on our 
consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2017. The fair values of real estate assets required to be measured for impairment were 
determined using comparable sales activity. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Real estate asset 

As of December 31, 2018 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

$ 

14,971     $ 

—     $ 

—     $ 

14,971  

143 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

15.  Fair Value Measurements – continued 

Financial Assets and Liabilities not Measured at Fair Value 

Financial assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets include cash equivalents (primarily 
money market funds, which invest in obligations of the United States government), and our secured and unsecured debt. Estimates of the 
fair value of these instruments are determined by the standard practice of modeling the contractual cash flows required under the instrument 
and discounting them back to their present value at the appropriate current risk adjusted interest rate, which is provided by a third-party 
specialist. For floating rate debt, we use forward rates derived from observable market yield curves to project the expected cash flows we 
would be required to make under the instrument. The fair value of cash equivalents and borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit 
facilities and unsecured term loan are classified as Level 1. The fair value of our secured debt and unsecured debt are classified as Level 
2. The table below summarizes the carrying amounts and fair value of these financial instruments as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

As of December 31, 2018 

As of December 31, 2017 

Cash equivalents 

Debt: 

Mortgages payable 
Senior unsecured notes 
Unsecured term loan 
Unsecured revolving credit facilities 

Total 

Carrying 
Amount 

Fair 
Value 

261,981   

$ 

262,000   

$ 

8,215,847   
850,000   
750,000   
80,000   
9,895,847   (1)  $ 

8,179,000   
847,000   
750,000   
80,000   
9,856,000   

Carrying 
Amount 

Fair 
Value 

1,500,227   

$ 

1,500,000  

$ 

8,203,839   
850,000   
750,000   
—   
9,803,839   (1)  $ 

8,194,000  
878,000  
750,000  
—  
9,822,000  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

____________________ 
(1)  Excludes $59,226 and $74,352 of deferred financing costs, net and other as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 respectively. 

16.  Stock-based Compensation 

Vornado’s  2010  Omnibus  Share  Plan  (the  “Plan”)  provides  the  Compensation  Committee  of  Vornado’s  Board  of  Trustees  (the 
“Committee”) the ability to grant incentive and non-qualified Vornado stock options, restricted stock, Appreciation-Only Long-Term 
Incentive Plan Units ("AO LTIP Units"), restricted Operating Partnership units (the "OP Units") and out-performance plan awards (the 
"OPPs" to certain of our employees and officers. Under the Plan, awards may be granted up to a maximum of 6,000,000 Vornado shares, if 
all awards granted are Full Value Awards, as defined, and up to 12,000,000 Vornado shares, if all of the awards granted are Not Full Value 
Awards, as defined, plus shares in respect of awards forfeited after May 2010 that were issued pursuant to Vornado’s 2002 Omnibus Share 
Plan. Full Value Awards are awards of securities, such as Vornado restricted shares, that, if all vesting requirements are met, do not require 
the payment of an exercise price or strike price to acquire the securities. Not Full Value Awards are awards of securities, such as Vornado 
stock options, that do require the payment of an exercise price or strike price. This means, for example, if the Committee were to award 
only Vornado restricted shares, it could award up to 6,000,000 Vornado restricted shares. On the other hand, if the Committee were to award 
only Vornado stock options, it could award options to purchase up to 12,000,000 Vornado common shares (at the applicable exercise 
price). The Committee may also issue any combination of awards under the Plan, with reductions in availability of future awards made in 
accordance with the above limitations. As of December 31, 2018, Vornado has approximately 1,848,000 shares available for future grants 
under the Plan, if all awards granted are Full Value Awards, as defined. 

On  February  8,  2019,  the  Committee  approved  an  amendment  to  our  previously  issued  OP  Units  and Vornado  restricted  stock 
agreements which provides that the time-based vesting requirement no longer applies to participants who have reached 65 years of age. 
However, the right to convert such OP units and to sell such Vornado restricted stock are still subject to time-based vesting. 

144 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

16.  Stock-based Compensation - continued 

We  account  for  all  equity-based  compensation  in  accordance  with  ASC  718.  Below  is  a  summary  of  our  stock-based  based 
compensation expense, a component of "general and administrative" expenses on our consolidated statements of income, during the years 
ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 

 (Amounts in thousands) 

OP Units 
OPPs 
AO LTIP Units 
Vornado stock options 
Vornado restricted stock 

December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

$ 

$ 

17,763    $ 
10,689   
2,113   
587   
570   
31,722    $ 

20,630    $ 
10,723   
—   
747   
729   
32,829    $ 

21,136  
11,055  
—  
937  
851  
33,979  

Below is a summary of unrecognized compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

OP Units 

OPPs 

AO LTIP Units 

Vornado stock options 

Vornado restricted stock 

OPPs 

  December 31, 2018 
 $ 

Weighted-Average 
Remaining 
Contractual Term 

1.6 

1.8 

1.6 

1.7 

1.7 

1.6 

17,930   
3,798   
1,371   
902   
913   
24,914   

 $ 

OPPs are multi-year, performance-based equity compensation plans under which participants have the opportunity to earn a class of 
units (“OPP units”) of the Operating Partnership if, and only if, Vornado outperforms a predetermined total shareholder return (“TSR”) 
and/or outperform the market with respect to a relative TSR during the three-year performance period (the “Performance Period”) as 
described below. OPP units, if earned, become convertible into Class A units of the Operating Partnership (and ultimately into Vornado 
common shares) following vesting. 

Awards under the 2017 OPP may be earned if Vornado (i) achieves a TSR level greater than 21% over the Performance Period (the 
“2017 Absolute Component”) and/or (ii) achieves a TSR above that of the SNL US Equity REIT Index over the three-year performance 
period (the “2017 Relative Component”). 

Awards under the 2018 OPP may be earned if Vornado (i) achieves a TSR level greater than 21% over the Performance Period (the 
“2018 Absolute Component”, collectively with the 2017 Absolute Component, the “Absolute Components”) and/or (ii) achieves a TSR 
above a benchmark weighted index comprised of 70% of the SNL US Office REIT Index and 30% of the SNL US Retail Index over the 
Performance Period (the “2018 Relative Component”, collectively with the 2017 Relative Component, the “Relative Components”). 

The value of awards under the Relative Components and Absolute Components will be calculated separately and will each be subject 
to an aggregate $35,000,000 maximum award cap for all participants. The two components will be added together to determine the 
aggregate award size, which shall also be subject to the aggregate $35,000,000 maximum award cap for all participants. In the event awards 
are earned under the Absolute Components, but Vornado underperforms the index by more than 200 basis points per annum over the 
Performance Period (600 basis points over the three years), the amount earned under the Absolute Components will be reduced (and 
potentially fully negated) based on the degree by which the index exceeds Vornado’s TSR. In the event 2017 awards are earned under the 
2017 Relative Component, but Vornado fails to achieve a TSR of at least 3% per annum, award earned under the 2017 Relative Component 
will be reduced on a ratable sliding scale based on Vornado’s absolute TSR performance, with no awards being earned in the event 
Vornado’s TSR during the applicable measurement period is 0% or negative. In the event 2018 awards are earned under the 2018 Relative 
Component, but Vornado fails to achieve a TSR of at least 3% per annum, awards earned under the 2018 Relative Component will be 
reduced on a ratable sliding scale based on Vornado’s absolute TSR performance, with awards earned under the Relative Component being 
reduced by a maximum of 50% in the event Vornado’s TSR during the applicable measurement period is 0% or negative. 

145 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

16.  Stock-based Compensation - continued 

OPPs - continued 

If the designated performance objectives are achieved, awards under the 2017 and 2018 OPP will vest ratably in each of years three, 
four and five. In addition, all of Vornado’s Named Executive Officers (as defined in Vornado’s Proxy Statement filed on Schedule 14A with 
the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 6, 2018) are required to hold any earned and vested awards for one year following each 
such vesting date. Dividends on awards granted under the 2017 and 2018 OPP accrue during the Performance Period and are paid  to 
participants if awards are ultimately earned based on the achievement of the designated performance objectives. 

Below is the summary of the OPP units granted during the years December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 

Plan Year 

2018 

2017 

2016 

  $ 

Total Plan 
Notional Amount 

Percentage of Notional 
Amount Granted 

Grant Date 
Fair Value(1) 

35,000,000   
35,000,000   
40,000,000   

78.2 %   $ 
86.6 %  
86.7 %  

10,300,000   
10,800,000   
11,800,000   

OPP Units Earned 

To be determined in 2021 

To be determined in 2020 

Not earned 

________________________________________ 
(1)  During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, $8,040,000, $7,558,000, and $7,250,000, respectively, was immediately expensed on the respective grant 
date due to acceleration of vesting for employees who are retirement eligible (have reached age 65 or age 60 with at least 20 years of service). The remaining 
$10,052,000, in aggregate, is being amortized into expense over a 5-year period from the date of each grant, using a graded vesting attribution model. 

Vornado Stock Options 

Vornado stock options are granted at an exercise price equal to the average of the high and low market price of Vornado’s common 
shares on the NYSE on the date of grant, generally vest over 4 years and expire 10 years from the date of grant. Compensation expense 
related to Vornado stock option awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. 

Below is a summary of Vornado’s stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

Outstanding at January 1, 2018 

Granted 

Exercised 

Cancelled or expired 

Outstanding at December 31, 2018 

Options vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2018 

Options exercisable at December 31, 2018 

Weighted- 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 

Weighted- 
Average 
Remaining 
Contractual 
Term 

Aggregate 
Intrinsic 
Value 

46.62     
72.40     
28.52     
75.25     
51.95   
52.13   
51.15   

1.6   $ 
1.6   $ 
1.4   $ 

26,464,877  
26,472,765  
26,464,877  

Shares 

2,823,900    $ 
33,897   
(620,157 )  
(7,347 )  
2,230,293    $ 
2,240,526    $ 
2,162,843    $ 

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using an option-pricing model with the following weighted-average 

assumptions for grants in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 

Expected volatility 

Expected life 

Risk free interest rate 

Expected dividend yield 

2018 

35% 

5.0 years 

2.25% 

2.9% 

December 31, 
2017 

35% 

5.0 years 

1.95% 

3.0% 

2016 

35% 

5.0 years 

1.76% 

3.2% 

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $18.42, 
$25.84 and $22.14 , respectively. Cash received from option exercises for the  years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was 
$5,927,000, $28,253,000 and $6,825,000, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 
2018, 2017 and 2016 was $25,820,000, $9,178,000 and $5,519,000, respectively. 

146 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

16. Stock-based Compensation – continued 

AO LTIP Units 

AO LTIP Units are a class of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership that are intended to qualify as “profits interests” for 
federal income tax purposes and generally only allow the recipient to realize value to the extent the fair market value of a Vornado common 
share exceeds the threshold level set at the time the AO LTIP Units are granted, subject to any vesting conditions applicable to the award. 
The threshold level is intended to be equal to 100% of the then fair market value of a Vornado common share on the date of grant.  The 
value of vested AO LTIP Units is realized through conversion of the AO LTIP Units into Class A Operating Partnership units.  The number 
of Class A Units into which vested AO LTIP Units may be converted is determined based on the quotient of (i) the excess of the conversion 
value on the conversion date over the threshold value designated at the time the AO LTIP Unit was granted, divided by (ii) the conversion 
value on the conversion date.  The “conversion value” is the value of a Vornado common share on the conversion date multiplied by the 
Conversion Factor as defined in the Partnership Agreement, which is currently one.  AO LTIP Units have a term of 10 years from the grant 
date.  Each holder will generally receive special income allocations in respect of an AO LTIP Unit equal to 10% (or such other percentage 
specified in the applicable award agreement) of the income allocated in respect of a Class A Unit.  Upon conversion of AO LTIP Units to 
Class A Units, holders will be entitled to receive in respect of each such AO LTIP Unit, on a per unit basis, a special distribution equal to 
10% (or such other percentage specified in the applicable award agreement) of the distributions received by a holder of an equivalent 
number of Class A Units during the period from the grant date of the AO LTIP Units through the date of conversion. 

Below is a summary of AO LTIP Units activity for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

Granted at January 12, 2018 

Cancelled or expired 

Outstanding at December 31, 2018 

Units 

185,046    $ 
(6,200 )   
178,846    

Weighted-Average 
Grant-Date  
Fair Value 

72.40  
72.40  
72.40  

AO LTIP Units granted during the year ended December 31, 2018 had a fair value of $3,484,000. The fair value of each AO LTIP Units 
granted is estimated on the date of grant using an option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions for grants in the 
year ended December 31, 2018. 

Expected volatility 

Expected life 

Risk free interest rate 

Expected dividend yield 

December 31, 2018 

35% 

5.0 years 

2.25% 

2.9% 

147 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

16.  Stock-based Compensation – continued 

OP Units 

OP Units are granted at the average of the high and low market price of Vornado’s common shares on the NYSE on the date of grant, 
vest ratably over four years and are subject to a taxable book-up event, as defined. Compensation expense related to OP Units is recognized 
ratably over the vesting period using a graded vesting attribution model. Distributions paid on unvested OP Units are charged to “net 
income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership” on Vornado’s consolidated statements of income  and to 
“preferred unit distributions” on the Operating Partnership’s consolidated statements of income and amounted to $2,559,000, $2,310,000 
and $1,968,000 in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

Below is a summary of restricted OP unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

Unvested Units 

Unvested at January 1, 2018 

Granted 

Vested 

Cancelled or expired 

Unvested at December 31, 2018 

Units 

Weighted-Average 
Grant-Date 
Fair Value 

628,962    $ 
267,203   
(246,670 )  
(7,651 )  
641,844   

76.13  
65.36  
73.12  
76.62  
72.79  

OP Units granted in 2018, 2017 and 2016 had a fair value of  $17,463,000, $24,927,000 and $18,492,000, respectively. The fair value 
of OP Units that vested during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $18,037,000, $20,903,000 and $22,701,000, 
respectively. 

 Vornado Restricted Stock 

Vornado restricted stock awards are granted at the average of the high and low market price of Vornado’s common shares on the NYSE 
on the date of grant and generally vest over four years. Compensation expense related to Vornado’s restricted stock awards is recognized on 
a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Dividends paid on unvested Vornado restricted stock are charged directly to retained earnings 
and amounted to $44,000, $46,000 and $56,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

Below is a summary of Vornado’s restricted stock activity for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

Unvested Shares 

Unvested at January 1, 2018 

Granted 

Vested 

Cancelled or expired 

Unvested at December 31, 2018 

Shares 

Weighted-Average 
Grant-Date 
Fair Value 

14,845    $ 
8,602   
(6,247 )  
(514 )  
16,686   

81.05  
72.40  
78.75  
78.38  
77.54  

Vornado  restricted  stock  awards  granted  in  2018,  2017  and  2016  had  a  fair  value  of  $623,000,  $601,000  and  $927,000, 
respectively. The fair value of restricted stock that vested during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $492,000, 
$645,000 and $641,000, respectively. 

148 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

17.  Interest and Other Investment Income, Net 

 The following table sets forth the details of our interest and other investment income, net: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

(Decrease) increase in fair value of marketable securities: 

Lexington Realty Trust 

Other 

Interest on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 

Dividends on marketable securities 

Interest on loans receivable(1) 

Other, net 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

$ 

$ 

(26,596 )   $ 
143   
(26,453 )  
15,827   
13,339   
10,298   
4,046   
17,057    $ 

—    $ 
—   
—   
8,171   
13,276   
4,352   
5,062   
30,861    $ 

—  
—  
—  
3,622  
13,135  
3,890  
3,688  
24,335  

________________________________________ 
(1) 

Includes $6,707 of profit participation in connection with an investment in a mezzanine loan which was previously repaid to us for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

18.  Interest and Debt Expense 

 The following table sets forth the details of interest and debt expense. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Interest expense 

Amortization of deferred financing costs 

Capitalized interest and debt expense 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

$ 

$ 

389,136    $ 
31,979   
(73,166 )  
347,949    $ 

359,819    $ 
34,066   
(48,231 )  
345,654    $ 

328,398  
32,185  
(30,343 ) 
330,240  

149 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

19.  Income Per Share/Income Per Class A Unit 

Vornado Realty Trust 

The following table provides a reconciliation of both net income attributable to Vornado and the number of common shares used in the 
computation of (i) basic income per common share - which includes the weighted average number of common shares outstanding without 
regard to dilutive potential common shares, and (ii) diluted income per common share - which includes the weighted average common 
shares and dilutive share equivalents. Dilutive share equivalents may include our Series A convertible preferred shares, employee stock 
options, restricted stock awards, OP Units, AO LTIP Units and OPPs. 

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Numerator: 

Income from continuing operations, net of income attributable to noncontrolling interests 

$ 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income attributable to noncontrolling interests 

Net income attributable to Vornado 

Preferred share dividends 

Preferred share issuance costs 

Net income attributable to common shareholders 

Earnings allocated to unvested participating securities 

Numerator for basic income per share 

Impact of assumed conversions: 

Earnings allocated to Out-Performance Plan units 

Convertible preferred share dividends 

Numerator for diluted income per share 

Denominator: 

Denominator for basic income per share – weighted average shares 
Effect of dilutive securities (1): 

Employee stock options and restricted share awards 

Out-Performance Plan units 

Convertible preferred shares 

Denominator for diluted income per share – weighted average shares and assumed conversions 

INCOME PER COMMON SHARE – BASIC: 

Income from continuing operations, net 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net 

Net income per common share 

INCOME PER COMMON SHARE – DILUTED: 

Income from continuing operations, net 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net 

Net income per common share 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

449,356    $ 
598    
449,954    
(50,636 )   
(14,486 )   
384,832    
(44 )   
384,788    

174   
62   
385,024    $ 

190,219   

933   
101   
37   
191,290   

2.02    $ 
—   
2.02    $ 

2.01    $ 
—   
2.01    $ 

239,824    $ 
(12,408 )   
227,416    
(65,399 )   
—    
162,017    
(46 )   
161,971    

230   
—   
162,201    $ 

189,526   

1,448   
284   
—   
191,258   

0.92    $ 
(0.07 )  
0.85    $ 

0.91    $ 
(0.06 )  
0.85    $ 

526,686  
380,231  
906,917  
(75,903 ) 

(7,408 ) 
823,606  
(96 ) 
823,510  

806  
86  
824,402  

188,837  

1,064  
230  
42  
190,173  

2.35  
2.01  
4.36  

2.34  
2.00  
4.34  

________________________________________ 
(1)  The effect of dilutive securities in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 excludes an aggregate of 12,232, 12,165 and 12,022 weighted average common 

share equivalents, respectively, as their effect was anti-dilutive. 

150 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

19.  Income Per Share/Income Per Class A Unit – continued 

Vornado Realty L.P. 

The following table provides a reconciliation of both net income attributable to Vornado Realty L.P. and the number of Class A units 
used in the computation of (i) basic income per Class A unit - which includes the weighted average number of Class A units outstanding 
without regard to dilutive potential Class A units, and (ii) diluted income per Class A unit - which includes the weighted average Class A 
units and dilutive unit equivalents. Dilutive unit equivalents may include our Series A convertible preferred units, Vornado stock options, 
Vornado restricted stock awards, OP Units, AO LTIP Units and OPPs. 

(Amounts in thousands, except per unit amounts) 

Numerator: 

Income from continuing operations, net of income attributable to noncontrolling interests 

$ 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations 

Net income attributable to Vornado Realty L.P. 

Preferred unit distributions 

Preferred unit issuance costs 

Net income attributable to Class A unitholders 

Earnings allocated to unvested participating securities 

Numerator for basic income per Class A unit 

Impact of assumed conversions: 

Convertible preferred unit distributions 

Numerator for diluted income per Class A unit 

Denominator: 

Denominator for basic income per Class A unit – weighted average units 
Effect of dilutive securities (1): 

Vornado stock options and restricted unit awards 

Convertible preferred units 

Denominator for diluted income per Class A unit – weighted average units and assumed 

conversions 

INCOME PER CLASS A UNIT – BASIC: 

Income from continuing operations, net 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net 

Net income per Class A unit 

INCOME PER CLASS A UNIT – DILUTED: 

Income from continuing operations, net 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net 

Net income per Class A unit 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

474,988    $ 
638    
475,626    
(50,830 )   
(14,486 )   
410,310    
(2,973 )   
407,337    

62   
407,399    $ 

251,554    $ 
(13,228 )   
238,326    
(65,593 )   
—    
172,733    
(3,232 )   
169,501    

—   
169,501    $ 

555,659  
404,912  
960,571  
(76,097 ) 

(7,408 ) 
877,066  
(4,177 ) 
872,889  

86  
872,975  

202,068   

201,214   

200,350  

1,307   
37   

2,086   
—   

1,625  
42  

203,412 

203,300 

202,017 

2.01    $ 
0.01   
2.02   

2.00    $ 
—   
2.00    $ 

0.91    $ 
(0.07 )  
0.84   

0.90    $ 
(0.07 )  
0.83    $ 

2.34  
2.02  
4.36  

2.32  
2.00  
4.32  

________________________________________ 
(1)  The effect of dilutive securities in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 excludes an aggregate of 110, 124 and 178 weighted average Class A unit 

equivalents, respectively, as their effect was anti-dilutive. 

151 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

20.  Leases 

As lessor: 

We lease space to tenants under operating leases. Most of the leases provide for the payment of fixed base rentals payable monthly in 
advance. Office building leases generally require the tenants to reimburse us for operating costs and real estate taxes above their base year 
costs. Certain leases provide for pass-through to tenants for the tenant’s share of real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance. Certain leases 
also provide for the payment by the lessee of additional rent based on a percentage of the tenants’ sales. As of December 31, 2018, future 
base rental revenue under non-cancelable operating leases, excluding rents for leases with an original term of less than one year and rents 
resulting from the exercise of renewal options, are as follows: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Year Ending December 31: 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

Thereafter 

$ 

1,547,162   
1,510,097   
1,465,024   
1,407,615   
1,269,141   
5,832,467   

These amounts do not include percentage rentals based on tenants’ sales. These percentage rents approximated $4,746,000, $4,062,000 

and $3,590,000, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

None of our tenants accounted for more than 10% of total revenues in any of the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 

As lessee: 

We are a tenant under operating leases for certain properties. These leases have terms that expire during the next ninety-nine years. 

Future minimum lease payments under operating leases at December 31, 2018 are as follows: 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Year Ending December 31: 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2023 

Thereafter 

$ 

46,147   
45,258   
42,600   
43,840   
44,747   
1,612,627   

Rent expense, a component of “operating" expenses on our consolidated statements of income, was $41,063,000, $40,219,000 and 

$40,170,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

152 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

21.  Multiemployer Benefit Plans 

Our subsidiaries make contributions to certain multiemployer defined benefit plans (“Multiemployer Pension Plans”) and health plans 

(“Multiemployer Health Plans”) for our union represented employees, pursuant to the respective collective bargaining agreements. 

Multiemployer Pension Plans 

Multiemployer Pension Plans differ from single-employer pension plans in that (i) contributions to multiemployer plans may be used to 
provide benefits to employees of other participating employers and (ii) if other participating employers fail to make their contributions, 
each of our participating subsidiaries may be required to bear its then pro rata share of unfunded obligations. If a participating subsidiary 
withdraws from a plan in which it participates, it may be subject to a withdrawal liability. As of December 31, 2018, our subsidiaries’ 
participation in these plans was not significant to our consolidated financial statements. 

In the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, we contributed $10,377,000, $10,113,000 and $9,479,000, respectively, 
towards Multiemployer Pension Plans, which is included as a component of “operating” expenses on our consolidated statements  of 
income. Our subsidiaries’ contributions did not represent more than 5% of total employer contributions in any of these plans for the years 
ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 

Multiemployer Health Plans 

Multiemployer Health Plans in which our subsidiaries participate provide health benefits to eligible active and retired employees. In the 
years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, our subsidiaries contributed $30,354,000, $29,549,000 and $32,998,000, respectively, 
towards these plans, which is included as a component of “operating” expenses on our consolidated statements of income. 

22.  Commitments and Contingencies 

Insurance 

We maintain general liability insurance with limits of $300,000,000 per occurrence and per property, and all risk property and rental 
value insurance with limits of $2.0 billion per occurrence, with sub-limits for certain perils such as flood and earthquake. Our California 
properties have earthquake insurance with coverage of $260,000,000 per occurrence and in the aggregate, subject to a deductible in the 
amount of 5% of the value of the affected property. We maintain coverage for terrorism acts with limits of $4.0 billion per occurrence and 
in the aggregate, and $2.0 billion per occurrence and in the aggregate for terrorism involving nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological 
(“NBCR”) terrorism events, as defined by Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015, which expires in December 
2020.   

Penn Plaza Insurance Company, LLC (“PPIC”), our wholly owned consolidated subsidiary, acts as a re-insurer with respect to a portion 
of all risk property and rental value insurance and a portion of our earthquake insurance coverage, and as a direct insurer for coverage for 
acts of terrorism including NBCR acts. Coverage for acts of terrorism (excluding NBCR acts) is fully reinsured by third party insurance 
companies and the Federal government with no exposure to PPIC. For NBCR acts, PPIC is responsible for a deductible of  $1,453,000 and 
19% of the balance of a covered loss and the Federal government is responsible for the remaining portion of a covered loss. We are 
ultimately responsible for any loss incurred by PPIC. 

We  continue  to  monitor  the  state  of  the  insurance  market  and  the  scope  and  costs  of  coverage  for  acts  of  terrorism  and  other 
events. However, we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We are responsible 
for uninsured losses and for deductibles and losses in excess of our insurance coverage, which could be material. 

Our debt instruments, consisting of mortgage loans secured by our properties, senior unsecured notes and revolving credit agreements 
contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. Although we believe that we have adequate insurance coverage  for 
purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable costs in the future. Further, if 
lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties and 
expand our portfolio. 

153 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

22.  Commitments and Contingencies – continued 

Other Commitments and Contingencies 

We are from time to time involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In our opinion, after consultation with 
legal counsel, the outcome of such matters is not currently expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of 
operations or cash flows. 

Each of our properties has been subjected to varying degrees of environmental assessment at various times. The environmental 
assessments did not reveal any material environmental contamination. However, there can be no assurance that the identification of new 
areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, the discovery of additional sites, or changes in cleanup 
requirements would not result in significant costs to us. 

Our mortgage loans are non-recourse to us, except for the mortgage loan secured by 7 West 34th Street, which we guaranteed and 
therefore is part of our tax basis. In certain cases we have provided guarantees or master leased tenant space. These guarantees and master 
leases terminate either upon the satisfaction of specified circumstances or repayment of the underlying loans. As of December 31, 2018, the 
aggregate dollar amount of these guarantees and master leases is approximately $660,000,000. 

As of December 31, 2018, $13,337,000 of letters of credit were outstanding under one of our unsecured revolving credit facilities. Our 
unsecured revolving credit facilities contain financial covenants that require us to maintain minimum interest coverage and maximum debt 
to market capitalization ratios, and provide for higher interest rates in the event of a decline in our ratings below Baa3/BBB. Our unsecured 
revolving credit facilities also contain customary conditions precedent to borrowing, including representations and warranties, and also 
contain customary events of default that could give rise to accelerated repayment,  including such items as failure to pay interest or 
principal. 

A joint venture in which we own a 95.0% ownership interest was designated by ESD, an entity of New York State, to develop the 
Farley Office and Retail Building (see Note 4 - Acquisitions). The joint venture entered into a development agreement with ESD and a 
design-build contract with Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders. Under the development agreement with ESD, the joint venture is 
obligated to build the Moynihan Train Hall, with Vornado and Related each guaranteeing the joint venture’s obligations. Under the design-
build agreement, Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders is obligated to fulfill all of the joint venture’s obligations. The obligations of 
Skanska Moynihan Train Hall Builders have been bonded by Skanska USA and bear a full guaranty from Skanska AB. 

As of December 31, 2018, we expect to fund additional capital to certain of our partially owned entities aggregating approximately 

$18,000,000. 

As of December 31, 2018, we have construction commitments aggregating approximately $404,000,000. 

154 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

23.  Related Party Transactions 

Alexander’s, Inc. 

We own 32.4% of Alexander’s. Steven Roth, the Chairman of Vornado’s Board of Trustee’s and its Chief Executive Officer, is also the 
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Alexander’s. We provide various services to Alexander’s in accordance 
with management, development and leasing agreements. These agreements are described in Note 7 - Investments in Partially Owned 
Entities. 

Interstate Properties (“Interstate”) 

Interstate is a general partnership in which Mr. Roth is the managing general partner. David Mandelbaum and Russell B. Wight, Jr., 
Trustees of Vornado and Directors of Alexander’s, respectively, are Interstate’s two other general partners. As of December 31, 2018, 
Interstate and its partners beneficially owned an aggregate of approximately 7.1% of the common shares of beneficial interest of Vornado 
and 26.2% of Alexander’s common stock. 

We manage and lease the real estate assets of Interstate pursuant to a management agreement for which we receive an annual fee equal 
to 4% of annual base rent and percentage rent. The management agreement has a term of one year and is automatically renewable unless 
terminated by either of the parties on 60 days’ notice at the end of the term. We believe, based upon comparable fees charged by other real 
estate companies, that the management agreement terms are fair to us. We earned $453,000, $501,000, and $521,000 of management fees 
under the agreement for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

Urban Edge Properties 

We own 4.5% of UE. In 2018, 2017 and 2016, we provided UE with information technology support. UE is providing us with leasing 
and property management services for (i) certain small retail properties that we plan to sell and (ii) our affiliate, Alexander's, Rego retail 
assets. Fees paid to UE for servicing the retail assets of Alexander’s are similar to the fees that we are receiving from Alexander’s. 

155 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

24.  Summary of Quarterly Results (Unaudited) 

Vornado Realty Trust 

The following summary represents the results of operations for each quarter in 2018 and 2017: 

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts) 

Net Income (Loss) 
Attributable 
to Common 
Shareholders (1) 

Net Income (Loss) Per 
Common Share (2) 

Basic 

Diluted 

Revenues 

543,417    $ 
542,048   
541,818   
536,437   

100,494    $ 
190,645   
111,534   
(17,841 )  

0.53    $ 
1.00   
0.59   
(0.09 )  

0.53  
1.00  
0.58  
(0.09 ) 

2018 

2017 

December 31 

September 30 

June 30 

March 31 

December 31 

September 30 

June 30 

$ 

$ 

March 31 
____________________ 
(1)  Fluctuations among quarters resulted primarily from non-cash impairment losses, net gains on extinguishment of debt, net gains on sale of real estate and other items and 

536,226    $ 
528,755   
511,087   
508,058   

27,319    $ 
(29,026 )  
115,972   
47,752   

0.14    $ 
(0.15 )  
0.61   
0.25   

0.14  
(0.15 ) 
0.61  
0.25  

from seasonality of business operations. 

(2)  The total for the year may differ from the sum of the quarters as a result of weighting. 

Vornado Realty L.P. 

The following summary represents the results of operations for each quarter in 2018 and 2017: 

(Amounts in thousands, except per unit amounts) 

2018 

2017 

December 31 

September 30 

June 30 

March 31 

December 31 

September 30 

June 30 

$ 

$ 

Net Income (Loss) 
Attributable 
to Class A 
Unitholders (1) 

Net Income (Loss) 
Per Class A Unit (2) 

Basic 

Diluted 

Revenues 

543,417    $ 
542,048   
541,818   
536,437   

107,125    $ 
203,268   
118,931   
(19,014 )  

0.53    $ 
1.00   
0.58   
(0.10 )  

0.52  
0.99  
0.58  

(0.10 ) 

536,226    $ 
528,755   
511,087   
508,058   

29,123    $ 
(30,952 )  
123,630   
50,932   

0.14    $ 
(0.16 )  
0.61   
0.25   

0.14  
(0.16 ) 
0.61  
0.25  

March 31 
____________________ 
(1)  Fluctuations among quarters resulted primarily from non-cash impairment losses, net gains on extinguishment of debt, net gains on sale of real estate and other items and 

from seasonality of business operations. 

(2)  The total for the year may differ from the sum of the quarters as a result of weighting. 

156 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

25. Segment Information 

Net Operating Income ("NOI") represents total revenues less operating expenses. We consider NOI to be the primary non-GAAP 
financial measure for making decisions and assessing the unlevered performance of our segments as it relates to the total return on assets as 
opposed to the levered return on equity. As properties are bought and sold based on NOI, we utilize this measure to make investment 
decisions as well as to compare the performance of our assets to that of our peers. NOI should not be considered a substitute for net income. 
NOI may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies. 

Below is a reconciliation of net income to NOI at share and NOI at share - cash basis for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 

2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Net income 

Deduct: 

Income from partially owned entities 

Loss (income) from real estate fund investments 

Interest and other investment income, net 

Net gains on disposition of wholly owned and partially owned assets 

Purchase price fair value adjustment 

(Income) loss from discontinued operations 

NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Add: 

Depreciation and amortization expense 

General and administrative expense 

Transaction related costs, impairment loss and other 

NOI from partially owned entities 

Interest and debt expense 

Income tax expense 

NOI at share 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

$ 

422,603     $ 

264,128     $ 

2016 

981,922  

(9,149 )   
89,231    
(17,057 )   
(246,031 )   
(44,060 )   
(638 )   
(71,186 )   

446,570    
141,871    
31,320    
253,564    
347,949    
37,633    
1,382,620    

(15,200 )   
(3,240 )   
(30,861 )   
(501 )   
—    
13,228    
(65,311 )   

429,389    
150,782    
1,776    
269,164    
345,654    
42,375    
1,401,383    

(168,948 ) 
23,602  
(24,335 ) 

(160,433 ) 
—  
(404,912 ) 

(66,182 ) 

421,023  
143,643  
9,451  
271,114  
330,240  
7,923  
1,364,108  

(170,477 ) 
1,193,631  

Non cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net 

and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

(44,704 )   
1,337,916     $ 

(86,842 )   
1,314,541     $ 

$ 

157 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

25. Segment Information - continued 

Below is a summary of NOI at share and selected balance sheet data by segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 

2016. 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total revenues 

Operating expenses 

NOI - consolidated 

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

NOI at share 

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net 

and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

Balance Sheet Data: 

Real estate, at cost 

Investments in partially owned entities 

Total assets 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total revenues 

Operating expenses 

NOI - consolidated 

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

NOI at share 

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net 

and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

Balance Sheet Data: 

Real estate, at cost 

Investments in partially owned entities 

Total assets 

(Amounts in thousands) 

Total revenues 

Operating expenses 

NOI - consolidated 

Deduct: NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries 

Add: Our share of NOI from partially owned entities 

NOI at share 

Non-cash adjustments for straight-line rents, amortization of acquired below-market leases, net 

and other 

NOI at share - cash basis 

158 

For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 

Total 

New York 

Other 

2,163,720    $ 
963,478   
1,200,242   
(71,186 )  
253,564   
1,382,620   

(44,704 )  
1,337,916    $ 

1,836,036    $ 
806,464   
1,029,572   
(48,490 )  
195,908   
1,176,990   

(45,427 )  
1,131,563    $ 

327,684  
157,014  
170,670  
(22,696 ) 
57,656  
205,630  

723 
206,353  

16,237,883    $ 
858,113   
17,180,794   

12,351,943    $ 
719,456   
14,628,712   

3,885,940  
138,657  
2,552,082  

For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 

Total 

New York 

Other 

2,084,126    $ 
886,596   
1,197,530   
(65,311 )  
269,164   
1,401,383   

(86,842 )  
1,314,541    $ 

1,779,307    $ 
756,670   
1,022,637   
(45,899 )  
189,327   
1,166,065   

(79,202 )  
1,086,863    $ 

304,819  
129,926  
174,893  

(19,412 ) 
79,837  
235,318  

(7,640 ) 
227,678  

14,756,295    $ 
1,056,829   
17,397,934   

11,025,092    $ 
861,430   
13,780,817   

3,731,203  
195,399  
3,617,117  

For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Total 

New York 

Other 

2,003,742    $ 
844,566   
1,159,176   
(66,182 )  
271,114   
1,364,108   

(170,477 )  
1,193,631    $ 

1,713,374    $ 
716,754   
996,620   
(47,480 )  
159,386   
1,108,526   

(143,239 )  
965,287    $ 

290,368  
127,812  
162,556  
(18,702 ) 
111,728  
255,582  

(27,238 ) 
228,344  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 9.  

CHANGES  IN AND  DISAGREEMENTS  WITH ACCOUNTANTS  ON ACCOUNTING AND  FINANCIAL 
DISCLOSURE 

None. 

ITEM 9A.  

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

Vornado Realty Trust 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures: Our management, with the participation of Vornado’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial 
Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15 (e) under the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on such 
evaluation, Vornado’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure 
controls and procedures are effective. 

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting: There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined 
in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year to which this report 
relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Management of Vornado Realty Trust, together with its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company”), is responsible for establishing and 
maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the 
supervision of Vornado’s principal executive and principal financial officers to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America. 

As of December 31, 2018, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting 
based  on  the  framework  established  in  Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has determined that our internal control over financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2018 was effective. 

Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in 
reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurances that transactions are 
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and our trustees; 
and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that 
could have a material effect on our financial statements. 

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, 
an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing on the following page, which expresses an unqualified 
opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. 

159 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

Shareholders and Board of Trustees 
Vornado Realty Trust 
New York, New York 

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Vornado Realty Trust and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 
2018,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  -  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal 
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued by COSO. 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 
consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, of the Company and our report dated February 11, 2019, 
expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. 

Basis for Opinion 

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the 
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over 
Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our 
audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in 
accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and 
the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 
obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our 
audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, 
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other 
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance 
of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide 
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of 
management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized 
acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of 
any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the  risk that controls may become inadequate  because of changes in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP 

Parsippany, New Jersey 
February 11, 2019 

160 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 9A. - CONTINUED 

Vornado Realty L.P. 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures: Vornado Realty L.P.’s management, with the participation of Vornado’s Chief Executive Officer 
and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  has  evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  such  term  is  defined  in 
Rule 13a-15 (e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 
10-K. Based on such evaluation, Vornado’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such 
period, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. 

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting: There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined 
in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year to which this 
report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Management of Vornado Realty Trust, sole general partner of Vornado Realty L.P., together with Vornado Realty L.P.’s consolidated 
subsidiaries (the “Company”), is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our 
internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of Vornado’s principal executive and principal financial 
officers to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for 
external reporting purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

As of December 31, 2018, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting 
based  on  the  framework  established  in  Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has determined that our internal control over financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2018 was effective. 

Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in 
reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurances that transactions are 
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and Vornado’s 
trustees; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our 
assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements. 

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, 
an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing on the following page, which expresses an unqualified 
opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. 

161 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

Partners 
Vornado Realty L.P. 
New York, New York 

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Vornado Realty L.P. and subsidiaries (the “Partnership”) as of December 31, 
2018,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  -  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Partnership maintained, in all material respects, effective internal 
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued by COSO. 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 
consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, of the Partnership and our report dated February 11, 
2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. 

Basis for Opinion 

The Partnership’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the 
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over 
Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on our 
audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership in 
accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and 
the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 
obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our 
audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, 
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other 
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance 
of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide 
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of 
management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized 
acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of 
any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate  because of changes in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP 

Parsippany, New Jersey 
February 11, 2019 

162 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 9B.  

OTHER INFORMATION 

 None. 

PART III 

ITEM 10.  

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

Information relating to trustees of Vornado, the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner, including its audit committee and audit 
committee financial expert, will be contained in Vornado’s definitive Proxy Statement involving the election of Vornado’s trustees which 
Vornado will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 not 
later than 120 days after December 31, 2018, and such information is incorporated herein by reference. Also incorporated herein by 
reference is the information under the caption “16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” of the Proxy Statement. 

The following is a list of the names, ages, principal occupations and positions with Vornado of the executive officers of Vornado and 
the positions held by such officers during the past five years. All executive officers of Vornado have terms of office that run until the next 
succeeding meeting of the Board of Trustees of Vornado following the Annual Meeting of Vornado’s Shareholders unless they are removed 
sooner by Vornado’s Board. 

Name 

  Age 

Steven Roth 

77 

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION, POSITION AND OFFICE 
(Current and during past five years with Vornado unless otherwise stated) 

  Chairman of the Board; Chief Executive Officer since April 2013 and from May 1989 to May 2009; 
Managing General Partner of Interstate Properties, an owner of shopping centers and an investor in 
securities and partnerships; Chief Executive Officer of Alexander’s, Inc. since March 1995, a Director 
since 1989, and Chairman since May 2004. 

David R. Greenbaum   

67 

  President of the New York Division since April 1997 (date of our acquisition); President of Mendik 
Realty (the predecessor to the New York Office division) from 1990 until April 1997. 

Michael J. Franco 

50 

  Executive Vice President - Chief Investment Officer since April 2015; Executive Vice President - Head 
of Acquisitions  and  Capital  Markets  since  November  2010;  Managing  Director  (2003-2010)  and 
Executive Director (2001-2003) of the Real Estate Investing Group of Morgan Stanley. 

Joseph Macnow 

73 

  Executive Vice President - Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer since February 
2017; Executive Vice President - Finance and Chief Administrative Officer from June 2013 to February 
2017; Executive Vice President - Finance and Administration from January 1998 to June 2013, and 
Chief Financial Officer from March 2001 to June 2013; Treasurer since May 2017, and Executive Vice 
President and Chief Financial Officer from August 1995 to April 2017 of Alexander's Inc. 

Vornado, the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner, has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to, among 
others, the above executive officers, and its principal accounting officer, Matthew Iocco, Vornado's Executive Vice President - Chief 
Accounting Officer. Mr. Iocco, 48 years of age, has been the Executive Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado since May 
2015 and Chief Financial Officer of Alexanders, Inc. since April 2017. From May 2012 to May 2015, Mr. Iocco was the Senior Vice 
President - Chief Accounting Officer of Vornado. This Code is available on Vornado’s website at www.vno.com. 

163 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 11.  

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 

Information relating to Vornado’s executive officer and trustee compensation will be contained in Vornado’s Proxy Statement referred 
to above in Item 10, “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance,” and such information is incorporated herein by reference. 

ITEM 12.  

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED 
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 

Information relating to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters will be 
contained in Vornado’s Proxy Statement referred to in Item 10, “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance,” and such 
information is incorporated herein by reference. 

 Equity compensation plan information 

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2018 regarding Vornado’s equity compensation plans. 

Plan Category 

Equity compensation plans approved by security 

holders 

Equity compensation awards not approved by 

security holders 

Total 

Number of securities to be 
issued upon exercise of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights 

Weighted-average 
exercise price of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights 

Number of securities remaining 
available for future issuance 
under equity compensation plans 
(excluding securities reflected in 
the second column) 

4,567,784 

(1)  $ 

— 

4,567,784    

$ 

51.95 

— 
51.95   

1,847,679 

(2) 

— 

1,847,679    

________________________________________ 
(1) 

Includes an aggregate of 2,337,491 shares/units, comprised of (i) 16,686 restricted Vornado common shares, (ii) 641,844 restricted Operating Partnership units, 
(iii) 178,846 Appreciation-Only Long-Term Incentive Plan units and (iv) 1,500,115 Out-Performance Plan units, which do not have an exercise price. 

(2)  Based on awards being granted as "Full Value Awards," as defined. If we were to grant "Not Full Value Awards," as defined, the number of securities available for 

future grants would be 3,695,358. 

ITEM 13.  

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE 

Information relating to certain relationships and related transactions, and director independence will be contained in Vornado’s Proxy 
Statement referred to in Item 10, “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance,” and such information is incorporated herein 
by reference. 

ITEM 14.  

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES 

Information relating to principal accounting fees and services will be contained in Vornado’s Proxy Statement referred to in Item 10, 
“Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance,” under the caption “Ratification of The Appointment of Independent Accounting 
Firm” and such information is incorporated herein by reference. 

164 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 15.  

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 

(a)  The following documents are filed as part of this report: 

PART IV 

1.  The consolidated financial statements are set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

The following financial statement schedules should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in Item 8 of this 

Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts--years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 
III--Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 

Pages in this 
Annual Report 
on Form 10-K 

166 
167 

Schedules other than those listed above are omitted because they are not applicable or the information required is included in the 

consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto. 

165 

 
 
 
 
 
 
VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
SCHEDULE II 
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS 
December 31, 2018 
(Amounts in Thousands) 

Column A 

Description 

Year Ended December 31, 2018 

Allowance for doubtful accounts 

Year Ended December 31, 2017 

Allowance for doubtful accounts 

Year Ended December 31, 2016 

Allowance for doubtful accounts 

Column B 

Balance at 
Beginning of 
Year 

Column C 

Additions 
Charged 
Against 
Operations 

Column D 

Column E 

Uncollectible 
Accounts 
Written-off 

Balance 
at End 
of Year 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

6,480    $ 

1,910    $ 

(2,592 )   $ 

8,621    $ 

26    $ 

(2,167 )   $ 

10,075    $ 

1,827    $ 

(3,281 )   $ 

5,798  

6,480  

8,621  

166 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
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VORNADO REALTY TRUST AND VORNADO REALTY L.P. 
SCHEDULE III 
REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION 
(Amounts in thousands) 

The following is a reconciliation of real estate assets and accumulated depreciation: 

Real Estate 

Balance at beginning of period 

Additions during the period: 

Land 

Buildings & improvements 

Less: Assets sold, written-off and deconsolidated 

Balance at end of period 

Accumulated Depreciation 

Balance at beginning of period 

Additions charged to operating expenses 

Less: Accumulated depreciation on assets sold, written-off and deconsolidated 

Balance at end of period 

Year Ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

2016 

$ 

14,756,295    $ 

14,187,820    $ 

13,545,295  

170,065   
1,665,684   
16,592,044   
354,161   
16,237,883    $ 

21,298   
598,820   
14,807,938   
51,643   
14,756,295    $ 

2,885,283    $ 
381,500   
3,266,783   
86,608   
3,180,175    $ 

2,581,514    $ 
360,391   
2,941,905   
56,622   
2,885,283    $ 

30,805  
854,194  
14,430,294  
242,474  
14,187,820  

2,356,728  
346,755  
2,703,483  
121,969  
2,581,514  

$ 

$ 

$ 

170 

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
Item 15. 

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES - continued

(b) Exhibits: 

Exhibit No.
2.1

— Master Transaction Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2016, by and among Vornado

Realty Trust, Vornado Realty L.P., JBG Properties, Inc., JBG/Operating Partners, L.P.,

certain affiliates of JBG Properties Inc. and JBG/Operating Partners set forth on

Schedule A thereto, JBG SMITH Properties and JBG SMITH Properties LP. Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Vornado Realty Trust's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended

December 31, 2016 (File No. 001-11954), filed February 13, 2017

3.1

— Articles of Restatement of Vornado Realty Trust, as filed with the State

Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on July 30, 2007 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.75 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

for the quarter ended June 30, 2007 (File No. 001-11954), filed on July 31, 2007

3.2

— Amended and Restated Bylaws of Vornado Realty Trust, as amended on March 2, 2000 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.12 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on

Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999 (File No. 001-11954), filed on

Thursday, March 9, 2000

3.3

— Articles Supplementary, 5.40% Series L Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of

Beneficial Interest, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, no par value – Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 3.6 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A

(File No. 001-11954), filed on January 25, 2013

3.4

— Articles Supplementary Classifying Vornado Realty Trust's 5.25% Series M Cumulative Redeemable Preferred

Shares of Beneficial Interest, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, no par value - Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.7 to Vornado Realty Trust's Registration Statement on
 Form 8-A (File No. 001-11954), filed on December 13, 2017

3.5

— Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Vornado Realty L.P.,

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

dated as of October 20, 1997 (the “Partnership Agreement”) – Incorporated by reference

to Exhibit 3.26 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter

ended March 31, 2003 (File No. 001-11954), filed on May 8, 2003

— Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of December 16, 1997 – Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 3.27 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for

the quarter ended March 31, 2003 (File No. 001-11954), filed on May 8, 2003

— Second Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of April 1, 1998 – Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Registration Statement on Form S-3

(File No. 333-50095), filed on April 14, 1998

— Third Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of November 12, 1998 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on November 30, 1998

— Fourth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of November 30, 1998 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on February 9, 1999

3.10

— Fifth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of March 3, 1999 - Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on March 17, 1999

3.11

— Sixth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of March 17, 1999 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K
(File No. 001-11954), filed on July 7, 1999

3.12

— Seventh Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of May 20, 1999 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on July 7, 1999
__________________________________________
Incorporated by reference

*

171

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3.13

— Eighth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of May 27, 1999 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on July 7, 1999

3.14

— Ninth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of September 3, 1999 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on October 25, 1999

3.15

— Tenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of September 3, 1999 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to Vornado Realty Trust's Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on October 25, 1999

3.16

— Eleventh Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of November 24, 1999 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on December 23, 1999

3.17

— Twelfth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of May 1, 2000 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on May 19, 2000

3.18

— Thirteenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of May 25, 2000 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on June 16, 2000

3.19

— Fourteenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2000 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on December 28, 2000

3.20

— Fifteenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of December 15, 2000 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.35 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Registration

Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-68462), filed on August 27, 2001

3.21

— Sixteenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2001 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on October 12, 2001

3.22

— Seventeenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of September 21, 2001 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on October 12, 2001

3.23

— Eighteenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2002 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on

Form 8-K/A (File No. 001-11954), filed on March 18, 2002

3.24

— Nineteenth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2002 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.47 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

for the quarter ended June 30, 2002 (File No. 001-11954), filed on August 7, 2002

3.25

— Twentieth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated April 9, 2003 - Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 3.46 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for

the quarter ended March 31, 2003 (File No. 001-11954), filed on May 8, 2003

3.26

— Twenty-First Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2003 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.47 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report

on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003 (File No. 001-11954), filed on

November 7, 2003

3.27

— Twenty-Second Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2003 –

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.49 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on

Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (File No. 001-11954), filed on

March 3, 2004
__________________________________________
Incorporated by reference

*

172

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3.28

— Twenty-Third Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated May 27, 2004 – Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on June 14, 2004

3.29

— Twenty-Fourth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated August 17, 2004 –

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.57 to Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty

L.P.’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-122306), filed on

January 26, 2005

3.30

— Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated November 17, 2004 –

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.58 to Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty

L.P.’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-122306), filed on

January 26, 2005

3.31

— Twenty-Sixth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated December 17, 2004 –

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on December 21, 2004

3.32

— Twenty-Seventh Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated December 20, 2004 –

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on December 21, 2004

3.33

— Twenty-Eighth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated December 30, 2004 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on January 4, 2005

3.34

— Twenty-Ninth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated June 17, 2005 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 000-22685), filed on June 21, 2005

3.35

— Thirtieth Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated August 31, 2005 - Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 000-22685), filed on September 1, 2005

3.36

— Thirty-First Amendment to the Partnership Agreement, dated September 9, 2005 -

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on

Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on September 14, 2005

3.37

— Thirty-Second Amendment and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of

December 19, 2005 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.59 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006

(File No. 000-22685), filed on May 8, 2006

3.38

— Thirty-Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of April 25, 2006 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to

Vornado Realty Trust’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954), filed on May 1, 2006

3.39

— Thirty-Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of May 2, 2006 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on

May 3, 2006

3.40

— Thirty-Fifth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of August 17, 2006 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on August 23, 2006

3.41

— Thirty-Sixth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of October 2, 2006 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on January 22, 2007

__________________________________________

*

Incorporated by reference

173

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3.42

— Thirty-Seventh Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of June 28, 2007 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on

June 27, 2007

3.43

— Thirty-Eighth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of June 28, 2007 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on

June 27, 2007

3.44

— Thirty-Ninth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of June 28, 2007 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on

June 27, 2007

3.45

— Fortieth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of June 28, 2007 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to

Vornado Realty L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on

June 27, 2007

3.46

— Forty-First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited

Partnership, dated as of March 31, 2008 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.44 to

Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,

2008 (file No. 001-11954), filed on May 6, 2008

3.47

— Forty-Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership,

dated as of December 17, 2010 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Vornado

Realty L.P.'s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on December 21, 2010

3.48

— Forty-Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership,

dated as of April 20, 2011 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado

Realty L.P.'s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-22685), filed on April 21, 2011

3.49

— Forty-Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership

of Vornado Realty L.P., dated as of March 30, 2012 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1

to Vornado Realty L.P.'s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-34482), filed on
 April 5, 2012

3.50

— Forty-Fourth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership

dated as of July 18, 2012 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty L.P.’s

Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-34482), filed on July 18, 2012

3.51

— Forty-Fifth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership,

dated as of January 25, 2013 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Vornado Realty

L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-34482), filed on January 25, 2013

3.52

— Forty-Sixth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership

of Vornado Realty L.P., dated April 1, 2015 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1

to Vornado Realty L.P.'s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-34482), filed on

April 2, 2015

3.53

** — Forty-Seventh Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of

Vornado Realty L.P., dated December 13, 2017 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Vornado

Realty L.P.'s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-34482), filed on December 13, 2017

3.54

** — Forty-Eighth Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership

of Vornado Realty L.P dated as of January 12, 2018 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.53

to Vornado Realty Trust's Annual Report on 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017

(File No. 001-11954), filed on February 12, 2018

3.55

— Articles of Amendment to Declaration of Trust, dated June 13, 2018 - Incorporated by reference

to Exhibit 3.54 to Vornado Realty Trust's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended

June 30, 2018 (File No. 001-11954), filed on July 30, 2018

__________________________________________

*

**

Incorporated by reference

Management contract or compensatory agreement

174

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

3.56

— Amended and Restated Bylaws of Vornado Related Trust, as amended on July 25, 2018 - Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 3.55 to Vornado Realty Trust's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the

quarter ended June 30, 2018 (File No. 001-11954), filed on July 30, 2018

4.1

Indenture, dated as of November 25, 2003, between Vornado Realty L.P. and The Bank of

New York, as Trustee - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to Vornado Realty

Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005

(File No. 001-11954), filed on April 28, 2005

4.2

— Indenture, dated as of November 20, 2006, among Vornado Realty Trust, as Issuer, Vornado

Realty L.P., as Guarantor and The Bank of New York, as Trustee – Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on November 27, 2006

Certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of Vornado

Realty Trust and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation

S-K. Vornado Realty Trust hereby undertakes to furnish to the Securities and Exchange

Commission, upon request, copies of such instruments

10.1

— Registration Rights Agreement between Vornado, Inc. and Steven Roth, dated December 29,

1992 - Incorporated by reference to Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K

for the year ended December 31, 1992 (File No. 001-11954), filed February 16, 1993

10.2

** — Management Agreement between Interstate Properties and Vornado, Inc. dated July 13, 1992

– Incorporated by reference to Vornado, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year

ended December 31, 1992 (File No. 001-11954), filed February 16, 1993

10.3

** — Employment Agreement, dated as of April 15, 1997, by and among Vornado Realty Trust,

The Mendik Company, L.P. and David R. Greenbaum - Incorporated by reference to

Exhibit 10.4 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on April 30, 1997

10.4

— Tax Reporting and Protection Agreement, dated December 31, 2001, by and among Vornado,

Vornado Realty L.P., Charles E. Smith Commercial Realty L.P. and Charles E. Smith

Commercial Realty L.L.C. - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Vornado Realty

Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A (File No. 1-11954), filed on March 18, 2002

10.5

** — Amendment to Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002, by and between

Alexander’s, Inc. and Vornado Realty L.P. - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit

10(i)(E)(3) to Alexander’s Inc.’s Quarterly Report for the quarter ended June 30, 2002

(File No. 001-06064), filed on August 7, 2002

10.6

** — 59th Street Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002, by and between

Vornado Realty L.P., 731 Residential LLC and 731 Commercial LLC - Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 10(i)(E)(4) to Alexander’s Inc.’s Quarterly Report for the quarter

ended June 30, 2002 (File No. 001-06064), filed on August 7, 2002

10.7

— Amended and Restated Management and Development Agreement, dated as of July 3, 2002,

by and between Alexander's, Inc., the subsidiaries party thereto and Vornado

Management Corp. - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(i)(F)(1) to Alexander's

Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002 (File No. 001-06064),

filed on August 7, 2002

10.8

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust's 2002 Omnibus Share Plan - Incorporated by reference to

Exhibit 4.2 to Vornado Realty Trust's Registration Statement on Form S-8

(File No. 333-102216), filed on December 26, 2002.

10.9

** — Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and Joseph

Macnow dated July 27, 2006 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to Vornado

Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006

(File No. 001-11954), filed on August 1, 2006

__________________________________________

*

**

Incorporated by reference

Management contract or compensatory agreement

175

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

10.10

** — Second Amendment to Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated January 1, 2007, by and between

Vornado Realty L.P. and Alexander’s Inc. – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.55

to Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended

December 31, 2006 (File No. 001-11954), filed on February 27, 2007

10.11

** — Amendment to 59th Street Real Estate Retention Agreement, dated January 1, 2007, by and

among Vornado Realty L.P., 731 Retail One LLC, 731 Restaurant LLC, 731 Office One

LLC and 731 Office Two LLC. – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.56 to

Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended

December 31, 2006 (File No. 001-11954), filed on February 27, 2007

10.12

** — Employment Agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and Mitchell Schear, as of April 19,

2007 – Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly

Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 (File No. 001-11954),

filed on May 1, 2007

10.13

** — Amendment to Employment Agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and Joseph Macnow,

dated December 29, 2008 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.48 to Vornado Realty

Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (File No.

001-11954) filed on February 24, 2009

10.14

** — Amendment to Employment Agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and David R.

Greenbaum, dated December 29, 2008 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to

Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,

2008 (File No. 001-11954) filed on February 24, 2009

10.15

** — Amendment to Indemnification Agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and David R.

Greenbaum, dated December 29, 2008 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to

Vornado Realty Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,

2008 (File No. 001-11954) filed on February 24, 2009

10.16

** — Amendment to Employment Agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and Mitchell N.

Schear, dated December 29, 2008 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.51 to Vornado

Realty Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (File

No. 001-11954) filed on February 24, 2009

10.17

** — Vornado Realty Trust's 2010 Omnibus Share Plan - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to

Vornado Realty Trust's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010

(File No. 001-11954) filed on August 3, 2010

10.18

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2010 Omnibus Share Plan Incentive / Non-Qualified Stock Option

Agreement. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Vornado Realty Trust's Current

Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-11954) filed on April 5, 2012

10.19

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2010 Omnibus Share Plan Restricted Stock Agreement.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Vornado Realty Trust's Current Report on Form

8-K (File No. 001-11954) filed on April 5, 2012

10.20

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2010 Omnibus Share Plan Restricted LTIP Unit Agreement.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to Vornado Realty Trust's Current Report on Form

8-K (File No. 001-11954) filed on April 5, 2012

10.21

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2012 Outperformance Plan Award Agreement.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to Vornado Realty Trust's Annual Report on Form

10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 (File No. 001-11954) filed on February 26, 2013

*

**

__________________________________________
Incorporated by reference

Management contract or compensatory agreement

176

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

10.22

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2013 Outperformance Plan Award Agreement. Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

for the quarter ended March 31, 2013 (File No. 001-11954), filed on May 6, 2013

10.23

** — Employment agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and Stephen W. Theriot dated

June 1, 2013 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.51 to Vornado Realty Trust’s

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013 (File No. 001-11954),

filed on August 5, 2013

10.24

** — Employment agreement between Vornado Realty Trust and Michael J. Franco dated

January 10, 2014 - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.52 to Vornado Realty Trust's

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 (File No. 001-11954),

filed on May 5, 2014

10.25

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2014 Outperformance Plan Award Agreement. Incorporated

by reference to Exhibit 10.53 to Vornado Realty Trust's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 (File No. 001-11954), filed on May 5, 2014

10.26

— Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of September 30, 2014, by and

among Vornado Realty L.P. as Borrower, Vornado Realty Trust as General Partner, the

Banks listed on the signature pages thereof, and JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. as

Administrative Agent for the Banks. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to

Vornado Realty Trust's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended

September 30, 2014 (File No. 001-11954), filed on November 3, 2014

10.27

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2016 Outperformance Plan Award Agreement. Incorporated by

reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Vornado Realty Trust’s Current Report on Form 8-K

(File No. 001-11954), filed on January 21, 2016

10.28

— Term Loan Agreement dated as of October 30, 2015, by and among Vornado Realty L.P. as

Borrower, Vornado Realty Trust as General Partner, the Banks listed on the signature

pages thereof, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Administrative Agent for the Banks.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to Vornado Realty Trust's Annual Report on

Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 (File No. 001-11954), filed on

February 16, 2016

10.29

— Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of November 7, 2016, among

Vornado Realty L.P. as Borrower, Vornado Realty Trust as General Partner, the Banks

listed on the signature pages thereof, and JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. as Administrative

Agent for the Banks. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to Vornado Realty Trust's

Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (File No. 001-11954),

filed on February 13, 2017

10.30

** — Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated March 10, 2017, between Vornado Realty Trust

and Mitchell Schear. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to Vornado Realty

Trust's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017

(File No. 001-11954), filed on May 1, 2017

10.31

** — Consulting Agreement, dated March 10, 2017, between JBG SMITH Properties and Mitchell

Schear. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to Vornado Realty Trust's

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017

(File No. 001-11954), filed on May 1, 2017

__________________________________________

Incorporated by reference

Management contract or compensatory agreement

*

**

177

10.32

** — Form of 2017 Amendment to Vornado Realty Trust 2015, 2016, 2017 Outperformance Plan

Award Agreements. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to Vornado Realty Trust's

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017

(File No. 001-11954), filed on July 31, 2017

10.33

— Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of October 17, 2017, among

Vornado Realty L.P. as Borrower, Vornado Realty Trust as General Partner, the Banks

listed on the signature pages thereof, and JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. as Administrative

Agent for the Banks. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Vornado Realty Trust's

Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017

(File No. 001-11954), filed on February 12, 2018

10.34

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2010 Omnibus Share Plan AO LTIP Unit Award Agreement

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Vornado Realty Trust's

Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017

(File No. 001-11954), filed on February 12, 2018

10.35

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2018 Outperformance Plan Award Agreement

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to Vornado Realty Trust's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 (File No. 001-11954) filed on April 30, 2018

10.36

10.37

10.38

10.39

** — Form of Performance Conditioned AO LTIP Award Agreement

** — Form of 2019 Amendment to Restricted LTIP Unit and Restricted Stock Agreements

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2010 Omnibus Share Plan Restricted LTIP Unit Agreement

** — Form of Vornado Realty Trust 2010 Omnibus Share Plan Restricted Stock Agreement

*

**

***

__________________________________________

Incorporated by reference

Management contract or compensatory agreement

Filed herewith

*

*

*

*

***

***

***

***

178

21

23.1

23.2

31.1

31.2

31.3

31.4

32.1

32.2

32.3

32.4

— Subsidiaries of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

— Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for Vornado Realty Trust

— Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for Vornado Realty L.P.

— Rule 13a-14 (a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Vornado Realty Trust

— Rule 13a-14 (a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Vornado Realty Trust

— Rule 13a-14 (a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Vornado Realty L.P.

— Rule 13a-14 (a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Vornado Realty L.P.

— Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Vornado Realty Trust

— Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Vornado Realty Trust

— Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Vornado Realty L.P.

— Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Vornado Realty L.P.

101.INS

— XBRL Instance Document of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

101.SCH

— XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

101.CAL

— XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

101.DEF

— XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

101.LAB

— XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

101.PRE

— XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase of Vornado Realty Trust and Vornado Realty L.P.

__________________________________________

*** Filed herewith

***

***

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***

ITEM 16. 

FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

179

VORNADO CORPORATE INFORMATION 

TRUSTEES 

STEVEN ROTH 
Chairman of the Board 

CANDACE K. BEINECKE, Lead Trustee 
Senior Partner of Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP 

MICHAEL D. FASCITELLI  
Owner of MDF Capital LLC and former President 
and Chief Executive Officer of Vornado 

WILLIAM W. HELMAN IV 
General Partner, Greylock Partners 

ROBERT P. KOGOD 
President of Charles E. Smith Management LLC 

DAVID M. MANDELBAUM 
Partner, Interstate Properties 

MANDAKINI PURI* 
Private Equity Consultant 

DANIEL R. TISCH* 
Managing Member, 
TowerView LLC 

RICHARD R. WEST* 
Dean Emeritus, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, 
New York University 

RUSSELL B. WIGHT, JR 
Partner, Interstate Properties 

*Members of the Audit Committee 

DIVISION EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENTS 

ED HOGAN 
Executive Vice President 
Retail Leasing – New York Division 

MICHAEL DOHERTY 
President – BMS Division 

ROBERT ENTIN 
Executive Vice President 
Chief Information Officer 

MARK HUDSPETH 
Executive Vice President 
Head of Capital Markets 

MATTHEW IOCCO  
Executive Vice President 
Chief Accounting Officer 

CORPORATE OFFICERS 

STEVEN ROTH 
Chairman of the Board 
Chief Executive Officer 

DAVID R. GREENBAUM 
Vice Chairman 

MICHAEL J. FRANCO 
President 

JOSEPH MACNOW 
Executive Vice President – 
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer 

GLEN J.WEISS 
Executive Vice President – Office Leasing –  
Co-Head of Real Estate 

BARRY S. LANGER 
Executive Vice President – Development –  
Co-Head of Real Estate 

MYRON MAURER 
Executive Vice President 
Chief Operating Officer – theMART 

THOMAS SANELLI 
Executive Vice President 
Chief Financial Officer – New York Division 

GASTON SILVA 
Executive Vice President 
Chief Operating Officer – New York Division 

CRAIG STERN 
Executive Vice President 
Tax & Compliance 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY DATA 

EXECUTIVE OFFICES 
888 Seventh Avenue 
New York, New York  10019 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED 
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 
Deloitte & Touche LLP 
Parsippany, New Jersey 

COUNSEL 
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP 
New York, New York

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR 
American Stock Transfer & Trust Co. 
New York, New York

MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATIONS 
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial Officer provided certifications to the Securities 
and Exchange Commission as required by Section 302 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and these certifications are 
included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K 
for the year ended December 31, 2018.  In addition, as 
required by Section 303A.12(a) of the New York Stock 
Exchange (NYSE) Listed Company Manual, on June 19, 
2018, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer submitted to 
the NYSE the annual CEO certification regarding the 
Company’s compliance with the NYSE’s corporate 
governance listing standards.

REPORT ON FORM 10-K 
Shareholders may obtain a copy of the Company’s annual 
report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission free of charge (except for exhibits), 
by writing to the Secretary, Vornado Realty Trust, 
888 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019; or, visit 
the Company’s website at www.vno.com and refer to the 
Company’s SEC filings.

ANNUAL MEETING 
The annual meeting of shareholders of Vornado Realty 
Trust, will be held at 11:30 AM on May 16, 2019 at the 
Saddle Brook Marriott, Interstate 80 and the Garden State 
Parkway, Saddle Brook, New Jersey 07663. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
2 0 1 8   A N N U A L   R E P O R T

 This Annual Report is printed on recycled paper and is recyclable.