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Westport Fuel Systems

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FY2018 Annual Report · Westport Fuel Systems
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WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC.

2018 ANNUAL REPORT

1750 West 75th Avenue, Suite 101

Vancouver, British Columbia  V6P 6G2

Canada

T +1 604-718-2000

F +1 604-718-2001

www.wfsinc.com

Table of Contents

Table of Contents 

LETTER TO SHAREHOLDERS

SUSTAINABILITY REPORT

REPORT SCOPE AND CONTENT

DEPLOYING CLEAN TRANSPORTATION SOLUTIONS

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND KEY COLLABORATIONS

DETERMINING MATERIALITY

SOCIAL PERFORMANCE

SUPPLY CHAIN RESPONSIBILITY

GLOBAL REPORTING INiTIATIVE INDICATOR (GRI) INDEX

THE UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

FOOTNOTES

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

BUSINESS OVERVIEW AND GENERAL DEVELOPMENTS

SELECTED ANNUAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

RESULTS FROM OPERATIONS

CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS, RESOURCES & LIQUIDITY

SHARES OUTSTANDING

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES & ESTIMATES

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS & DEVELOPMENTS

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS & PROCEDURES

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS

BUSINESS RISKS & UNCERTAINTIES

AUDITOR REPORTS

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS & COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INFORMATION FOR SHAREHOLDERS

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54

Letter To
Shareholders

Dear Shareholders,

I’m pleased to join and to lead Westport Fuel Systems at this pivotal
time for our industry and for our company. In my short time on the
job, I’ve met with our customers, employees, and key partners in
the
North  America,  Europe,  and  Asia. 
opportunities we have and am inspired by our ability and plans to
address our challenges. I aim to accelerate our transformation into
a profitable, sustainable organization.

I’m  excited  about 

We  provide  our  original  equipment  manufacturers  (“OEM”)
partners,  customers,  and  fleets  with  market-ready  solutions  that
enable both emissions reductions and operating cost savings. Our
fuel  systems,  electronics,
broad  portfolio  of  components, 
cryogenics,  and  technology  solutions  are  sold  in  70  countries
through an extensive global distribution network. Cost-competitive
solutions to decarbonize the transportation sector and improve air
quality and public health outcomes in our cities are commercially
available now.

A number of fundamental market trends are driving our business: 

1. A  growing  global  demand  for  transportation.  As  population
increases and markets mature, the need to move goods and
people grows in lockstep;

2.

Increasingly urgent demands for healthy, breathable air in our
urban centres and for action to mitigate climate change mean
we must accelerate the deployment of more efficient, clean,
low carbon transportation solutions; and

3. The  growing  availability  and  the  compelling  economics  of

cleaner fuels.

Globally, California and Europe continue to lead the way but both
China and India are accelerating their efforts. Europe for example,
has proposed aggressive CO2 emissions reduction standards for
commercial vehicles. The phrase “game changer” is often overused
but given the magnitude of the emissions reductions required and
the  financial  implications  of  these  regulations,  we  believe  it’s
applicable  here.  Westport  HPDI  2.0TM  provides  a  CO2  emission
reduction  benefit  of  approximately  20%  and  is  commercially
available, cost competitive, and on the road across Europe today.

Letter to Shareholders

EBITDA  and  also  our  first  full  year  with  positive  adjusted
EBITDA; financial results that align with and fulfil our earlier
stated commitments. 

2. Heavy-Duty  OEM  Developments:  The  launch  of  Westport
HPDI 2.0™ with our European OEM partner continues at pace.
In  2018,  we  entered  into  definitive  development  and  supply
agreements to commercialize a heavy-duty natural gas engine
featuring Westport HPDI 2.0™ technology in China, another
key  market  taking  serious  action  on  climate  change  and  air
quality. 

3.

Independent Aftermarket: Our customers around the world
purchase  systems  and  components  through  an  extensive
network of global distributors to convert their passenger cars
to use liquefied petroleum gas (“LPG”) or compressed natural
gas (“CNG”) and realize fuel cost savings. 

4. OEM  Light-Duty  Developments:  Proposed  diesel  engine
bans and the creation of low emission vehicle zones in cities
have resulted in a greater deployment of LPG and CNG fuelled
vehicles. With more than 20 light-duty OEM partners, we are
well positioned in this space to capture growing market share.

5. Cummins  Westport:  Strong  profitability  in  our  Cummins
Westport (“CWI”) joint venture confirms that CWI’s products
have set the industry standard for class-leading, ultra-low NOx
emission  engines  in  market  segments  demanding  both
economic and environmental performance. 

6. New Product Developments: Urban air quality and improved
public health outcomes remain critical challenges and OEMs
are looking for technology solutions. The Indian Government’s
new  Bharat  Stage  VI  (“BS-VI”)  emission  standards  which
leapfrog the Bharat Stage V (“BS-V”) Standards entirely are
set to take effect in April of 2020. Tata announced earlier this
year that the first engine within our supply and development
agreement  has  been  certified  to  meet  the  BS-VI  standards,
more than a year in advance of the implementation of these
new standards.  

I would like to take the opportunity to thank Nancy Gougarty for her
years of tireless dedication to the mission and vision of Westport
Fuel Systems. Her leadership and commitment have cemented our
market-leading position and I am honoured to take the helm of the
organization at this exciting time. 

On behalf of the management team and Westport Fuel Systems
employees around the world, thank you for your continued support.

I  would  like  to  highlight  a  few  of  our  significant  business
accomplishments in 2018. We have made substantial progress in
improving  our  operating  results  and  have  achieved  several  key
milestones along the way. 

Sincerely,

1. Revenue Growth and Financial Performance: 2018 was a
strong  year  for  Westport  Fuel  Systems  as  our  consolidated
revenues increased by 18% to $270 million. In Q4 2018, we
recorded  our  third  consecutive  quarter  of  positive  adjusted

David M. Johnson,
Chief Executive Officer

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  1

Sustainability Report

Driving Innovation
to Power  a
Cleaner Tomorrow

CEO Sustainability
Statement[1]

A  disruptive  energy  and  technology  transition  is  underway  in  all
segments  of  the  transportation  market.  Ever  increasingly  urgent
demands  for  healthy,  breathable  air  and  calls  to  action  on
decarbonizing the sector are driving deployment in key jurisdictions.
More  stringent  regulatory  frameworks  to  address  fuel  economy,
liveability
efficiency,  environmental  performance,  and  urban 
considerations related to congestion and noise are advancing the
adoption of a range of alternative fuel engines and vehicles.   

Westport Fuel Systems has been leading the shift to lower-carbon
and more economical fuels like natural gas, propane, and hydrogen
for  more  than  twenty  years.  Our  customers  around  the  globe
demand new, economically competitive, sustainable and efficient
transport  solutions.  We  provide  customers  and  end  users  with
market-ready solutions that enable them to reduce emissions and
realize fuel cost savings. 

Westport Fuel Systems is committed to take smart actions in pursuit
of our vision and mission and are committed to the driving principles
of customer excellence, ownership of results, thriving as one team,
and being socially responsible. We adhere to the core values of
integrity, respect, and perseverance.[2]

is  Westport  Fuel  Systems’ 

This 
first  sustainability  report
encompassing our entire global operating footprint and aligns with
earlier-stated commitments to provide a complete overview of our
activities,  successes,  and  challenges  in  reaching  our  vision  of  a
sustainable  transportation  future.  We  appreciate  your  time  in
reviewing our progress and welcome your feedback or inquiries.
Please 
at
reach 
sustainability@wfsinc.com.[3]

team 

free 

feel 

our 

out 

to 

to 

Report Scope and Content

From  fiscal  years  2009  to  2016,  Westport  Innovations,  the
predecessor  corporation  of  Westport  Fuel  Systems  Inc.,  had
published an external sustainability report capturing the strategy,
programs, and achievements related to social and environmental
performance  for  its  Vancouver-based  operations  only.[4]  Our  last
sustainability report was published May 26, 2017.[5]

2  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

This report discloses data from January to December 2018 and will
serve  as  the  baseline  for  the  future  annual  reports.[6]  We  have
structured our data collection efforts by our operating entities.[7] 

This  report  has  been  developed  in  accordance  with  the  Global
Reporting  Initiative  ("GRI")  Sustainability  Standards  2016;  a
standard effective for reports published after July 01, 2018.[8]  The
GRI  is  an  independent  institution  that  provides  a  standard
framework  for  sustainability  reporting  across  companies  and
industries.  We  have  applied  the  principles  of  materiality  and
inclusiveness as recommended by the GRI to assess the relevance
of priorities to the Company and its stakeholders.

The Company has internal reviews and process in place to ensure
the integrity and the credibility of the data contained within this report
but we have not sought external assurance at this time.[9] 

Deploying Clean
Transportation Solutions[10]

We strive to create leading edge technologies that meet or exceed
the requirements of regulation and industry codes and standards
to  shift  the  transportation  sector  to  alternative  fuels.  Working  in
conjunction with our partners, we are committed to delivering low-
emission fuel solutions that will meet the demand for high-efficiency,
high-performance, and low-carbon transportation.

In  accordance  with  the  precautionary  principle,  we  strive  to  be
proactive in managing risks and take sustainability into account in
our  annual  and  long-range  business,  operational,  and  product
planning processes.[11]

Regulatory Developments

As an alternative fuel system and component developer, designer,
and manufacturer, the Company’s first priority is to ensure that our
products comply with the latest and most stringent safety, quality,
and environmental regulations. The recent enactment of regulatory
frameworks including fuel economy improvements, renewable fuel
mandates,  carbon  dioxide  ("CO2")  emission  reductions,  and
greenhouse gas emission ("GHG") reductions in key markets have
sent strong signals for the continued development of a range of new
technologies  including  efficiency,  alternative  fuels,  and  zero
emission vehicles.

Europe’s  proposed  CO2  regulations  which  set  CO2  emission
reduction targets for heavy-duty vehicles is expected to be passed
in  April  2019.  Under  the  proposed  legislation,  heavy-duty  truck
original  equipment  manufacturers  ("OEMs")  will  be  required  to
achieve a fleet average reduction of CO2 emissions of 15% by 2025
and  30%  by  2030  compared  to  a  2019  baseline  emission  level.
Heavy-duty  natural  gas  vehicles  featuring  Westport  HPDI  2.0™
technology  provide  a  CO2  emission  reduction  benefit  of
approximately  20%  compared  to  an  equivalent  diesel-fuelled

vehicle and are commercially available, cost competitive, and on
the road in Europe today.

Climate Change

fundamental  business  challenge 

Climate  change,  including  the  alteration  of  long-term  weather
patterns and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events
represents  a 
for  every
organization to understand and manage risks across its value chain,
now  and  in  the  future.  While  this  global  sustainability  report
represents our commitment to quantifying our energy consumption
and associated greenhouse gas emission impact, we are working
to map carbon risk across all our activities and geographies and
increase disclosure of current and future risks and opportunities to
investors and other key stakeholders.[12]

We design, engineer, manufacture, and sell commercially available
and cost competitive alternative fuel products with well documented
emission  reduction  benefits.  The  extent  and  rate  to  which  the
transport sector is able to make progress on the ambitious 80%-
by-2050 emission reduction targets incorporated within the Paris
Climate Agreement and diversify beyond oil, will be a function of
ongoing  technology  breakthroughs  on  both  fuels  and  vehicles,
political action, shifting demographics, and a range of new public
policy considerations that will not only influence how people and
freight are moved, but how and where we live.

Public Health
and Urban Air Quality

The move to limit or ban diesel vehicles and the establishment of
low  emission  vehicle  zones  in  major  cities  around  the  world
continues  at  pace.  While  almost  all  of  the  attention  is  currently
focused  on  the  light-duty  vehicle  market,  there  is  limited
commentary on the potential impacts for freight vehicles and trucks.
Although there are currently no regulations in place to ban diesel
vehicles, this is a fluid situation and the preferred approach is highly
dependent on the jurisdiction.[13] These restrictions can be in the
form of a pollution tax (London), a ban on pre-Euro VI diesel vehicles
(Stuttgart), or a temporary blanket ban (Oslo). There are also signs
of increasing momentum via evidence of repeated announcements
to ban diesel vehicles (Paris and Madrid) and/or the adoption of
minor restrictions to deter the sale of new diesel vehicles (Seoul
and Singapore).[14]

Stakeholder Engagement
and Key Collaborations

We have a range of diverse stakeholders and consider stakeholder
engagement to be an essential component of corporate governance
and  good  business  practice.  Regular  and  ongoing  dialogue  with
academia, customers and OEM partners, employees, government
agencies  (including  policy  makers  and  regulators),  industry

Sustainability Report  |  Deploying Clean Transportation Solutions

consortiums, investors, local communities, media, non-government
organizations  ("NGOs")  and  think  tanks,  and  suppliers  through
formal and informal channels is essential to our business and our
sustainability strategies.[15]

Stakeholder Engagement

Over  the  past  year  we  have  worked  to  identify  and  map  our
stakeholders  and  have  an  opportunity  to  better  formalize  our
stakeholder  engagement  processes  across  the  Company.  The
management team stays in regular contact with stakeholders on
emerging  sustainability  issues  and  trends  and  we  periodically
receive inquiries and requests for further engagement from different
stakeholder groups.[16] Table 4‑1 contains an alphabetized list of
our stakeholders, the informal and formal mechanisms we use to
engage them, and our understanding of their expectations specific
to the Company.

Stakeholder
[17] 

Engagement
Mechanism

Stakeholder
Expectations

Academia

Regular dialogue
Topic-specific,
Conferences and
events

Data-driven analysis,
Transparent and
defendable data

Customers
and OEM
Partners

Distributor network,
Key account
management, Reviews
and meetings, Market
research, Corporate
website, Digital media

Employees

Government,
Policy
Makers,
Regulators

Health and safety
committees,
Globalzone intranet,
Town hall meetings,
Internal
communication
channels, Union
representatives,
Performance
management
processes

Global advocacy and
relationship building,
Policy and regulatory
development, Facility
visits and targeted
outreach,
Collaborative
partnerships

Product quality and
performance,
Operational
excellence,
Technology
leadership,
Environmental
certifications,
Sustainability
leadership and
reporting

Competitive pay and
benefits, Clear
communication,
Training and
development, Career
and growth
opportunities, Work/life
balance

Product and
technology solutions to
address environmental
challenges, Job
creation, Economic
competitiveness

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  3

Sustainability Report  |  Stakeholder Engagement and Key Collaborations

Stakeholder
[17] 

Engagement
Mechanism

Stakeholder
Expectations

Industry
Consortium

Industry working
groups, Corporate
membership spend,
Service on Board of
Directors and advisory
boards

Member direction and
input, Strategic input
on future of industry

Investors

Quarterly earnings
communications,
Analyst conference
calls, Shareholder
meetings, Annual
report and other
regulatory filings,
Investor relations
conference

Financial performance,
Return on investment,
Competitive
positioning,
Technology
investment,
Transparent reporting
with credible data

Local
Communities

Community outreach
mechanisms,
Emergency response
plans

Corporate citizenship,
No neighbourhood
disruption (noise,
congestion)

Media

Press releases, media
releases, Corporate
website, Access to
corporate
spokespeople, Digital
media

Clean technology
innovation, Corporate
performance,
Shareholder value

NGOs and
Think Tanks

Regular dialogue,
Topic-specific
conferences and
events

Private-sector
expertise and
resources,
Collaboration on
innovative solutions,
Transparent reporting
with credible data

Corporate Memberships
and Key Collaborations

to  many 

Industry  leadership  begins  with  outreach  and  dialogue  and  our
employees  contribute 
technical  working  groups,
committees, and advisory panels to learn, share our expertise, and
help build a body of knowledge about alternative fuel vehicles, their
benefits,  and  challenges  with  deployment.  It  is  critical  for  us  to
contribute sound, intelligent, data driven, and defensible analysis
to conversations on low-carbon transportation, sustainable mobility,
and the transition to alternative fuels.  

Industry and Academic
Consortiums[20]

Business for Social
Responsibility Future
of Fuels

Canadian Chamber 
of Commerce

Membership or
Governance Position
Occupied by Westport Fuel
Systems

Sponsor and Advisory 
Board Member

Corporate Membership

Canadian Natural Gas
Vehicle Association

Vice-Chair of Board of Directors

CALSTART

Chair of Board of Directors

California Natural Gas
Vehicle Association

Board Director

European Natural Gas
Vehicle Association

Secretary of Board of Directors

Suppliers

Top supplier meetings,
Supplier manuals and
documentation, Global
supplier conference,
Supplier performance
audits

Sales growth, New
market penetration

Natural Gas Vehicles
America

Treasurer of Board of Directors

Natural Gas Vehicles
Global

Corporate Membership

World Liquefied Petroleum
Gas 
(LPG) Association

Corporate Membership

University of California
Davis STEPS
(Sustainable Transportation
Energy Pathways)

Sponsor and Advisory Board
Member

Table 4‑2: Industry Associations and Position Occupied by
Westport Fuel Systems in Fiscal Year 2018 Ended December 31

Table 4‑1: Approach to Stakeholder Engagement Including
Outreach Mechanism and Expectations[18]

Collective Bargaining Agreements

Our employees are not represented by a labour union except in
Italy, Sweden, and Argentina.[19]

4  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Sustainability Report  |  Determining Materiality

Determining Materiality

The intent of the materiality review is to ensure that the content included in our annual sustainability report represents the key economic,
environmental, and social issues that are most critical to our stakeholders. In accordance with the GRI, we have identified and incorporated
the views and perspectives of our customers, shareholders, employees, and other key stakeholders as described in Section 4.1. 

We have evaluated our own strategy and those of our industry peers to identify additional issues to guide and supplement our process for
determining materiality. This consolidated feedback has led to the establishment of a number of focus areas including: 

i) Fairness and Concern for Employees, 

ii) Environmental Responsibility and Leadership, 

iii) Corporate Ethics and Compliance, and 

iv) Supply Chain Responsibility.[21] 

In subsequent reports we will publish indicators to track and measure our performance over time and demonstrate our ongoing commitment
to sustainable corporate performance.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

The UN Sustainable Development Goals embrace a universal framework to advance both public and private sector action in building sustainable
societies. The Global Reporting Initiative encourages companies to highlight their efforts to align material topics to the Sustainable Development
Goals. The goals that align most closely to the strategic priorities of the Company include affordable and clean energy, sustainable cities and
communities, and climate action.

Material issue
Fairness and
Concern for
Employees

Corporate
Ethics and
Compliance

Overview

UN Sustainable Development
Goals Alignment

Workforce Diversity

5, 8

Recruitment and
Development

4, 5, 8

Employee Health and
Safety

3, 8

Corresponding GRI Standards Material Topic
Employment, Diversity and Equal Opportunity

Training and Education

Employment, Occupational Health and Safety

Ethical Conduct

12, 16

Anti-Corruption, Anti-Competitive Behaviour

Management of Third-
Party Representatives

8, 16

Supplier Environmental Assessment, Supplier Social
Assessment, Collective Bargaining, Anti-Corruption

Environmental
Responsibility
and Leadership

Greenhouse Gas
Impact

12, 13, 15

Energy, Emissions

Energy Consumption
and Efficiency

7, 9, 12, 13

Energy, Emissions

Supply Chain
Responsibility

Supply Chain Viability

8, 9, 11, 16

Supplier Environmental Assessment, Supplier Social
Assessment

Table 5‑1: Westport Fuel Systems Materiality Content

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  5

The Code of Conduct is disclosed on the Corporate Governance
section  of  our  website  at  https://wfsinc.com/investors/corporate-
governance/  and  posted  on  our  employee  intranet.  A  certificate
attesting compliance with the Code of Conduct is signed annually
by all directors, advisory board members, officers, and employees
and  proposed  amendments  must  be  approved  by  the  Board  of
Directors of Westport Fuel Systems Inc.

We  have  further  supplemented  the  requirements  of  our  Code  of
Conduct through the adoption of policies covering: anti-corruption
and  bribery,  the  disclosure  of  material  information  and  external
communications, and the prohibition of insider trading. 

Whistleblower Policy

Westport  Fuel  Systems  is  committed  to  the  highest  possible
standards of ethical, moral, and legal conduct through the behaviour
of  our  employees  and  the  proper  and  effective  functioning  of
accounting  and  controls  systems.  We  have  an  established
Whistleblower Policy and maintain a confidential and anonymous
Ethics  hotline  for  employees  to  report  concerns  about  corporate
conduct  with  the  reassurance  that  they  will  be  protected  from
reprisals  for  “whistleblowing”  in  good  faith.[23] The  Whistleblower
Policy  is  available  on  our  website  in  the  Corporate  Governance
section at wfsinc.com/investors/corporate-governance/

Anti-Corruption and Bribery

Our expectations for individual integrity and ethical, moral, and legal
conduct are outlined in our Code of Conduct and our Anti-Corruption
and  Bribery  Principles  which  mandate  compliance  with  all
applicable laws in the jurisdictions where we operate. These policies
apply  to  everyone  within  the  Company  who  act  on  behalf  of  the
Company in any business dealings and to those who working in
affiliates  or  joint  ventures.  We  strive  to  maintain  the  highest
standards of behaviour while conducting Company business.

A global training initiative that consists of both structured classroom
and  online  components  was  launched  in  2018  to  ensure  that
employees and others acting the Company’s behalf are aware of
and understand corporate policies and guidelines specific to anti-
corruption and bribery, can identify the roles and responsibilities of
key stakeholders, are able to identify red flags and risk management
techniques,  and  are  aware  of  the  process  to  report  violations  or
seek clarification.[24]

Sustainability Report  |  Social Performance

Social Performance
Corporate Ethics
and Compliance

The Company has demonstrated a strong history of commitment
to the values of quality, service, integrity, and respect as we deal
with  our  employees,  customers,  suppliers,  and  investors.  These
values are fundamental to our business relationships, our continued
success in the marketplace, and are a true source of pride for our
teams.

firmly 

Our corporate integrity is one of our most precious assets and in
this rapidly changing environment, with new laws and new stringent
focused  on  our
regulatory  requirements  we  remain 
compliance efforts. The Code of Conduct reflects our commitment
to a culture of honesty, integrity, and accountability and outlines the
basic  principles  and  policies  to  which  all  directors,  officers,
employees, contractors, agents, and consultants who act on behalf
of the Company in any business dealings must comply. The Code
of Conduct is there to help us uphold our values and establishes
our conduct in a number of specific areas including:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Honesty and ethical conduct, 

Fair  dealing,  including  prohibition  on  giving  or  receiving
bribes,

Respect for communities and the environment,

Employment policies and employee rights,

Compliance with laws, rules and regulations, domestic and
foreign, recusal requirements,

Dealings with public officials,

Retention of agents and representatives, 

Political and charitable contributions GRI Indicator 415-01
Political contributions - as per the Westport Fuel Systems
Code of Conduct political contributions by the Company are
prohibited in all circumstances.,

Integrity of books and records,

Protection and proper use of company assets,

Competitive business practices,

Communication with media and other outsiders,

Internal  controls  and  the  authority  to  make  commitments,
and,

Compliance with corporate policies. 

6  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Our Global Footprint

Westport  Fuel  Systems  employs  a  highly  educated  and  experienced  team  of  engineers,  manufacturing  technicians,  and  commercial
professionals with expertise in alternative fuel systems, combustion technologies, and fuel storage and delivery systems, including cryogenics.

Sustainability Report  |  Social Performance

Geographic Region
North America

Operating Entity

Board of Directors and Advisors[27]

Headcount as of
December 31, 2018[25]
14

Westport Power Canada

227

Westport Fuel Systems Michigan

Westport Dallas

South America

TA Gas Technologies

Europe

Valtek

MTM[28]

Emer

Prins Autogassystemen

Westport AB Sweden

Asia

Westport Kunshan

Rohan BRC

TOTAL

Percentage

9

22

97

33

576

152

61

13

5

54

1,249

Gender
TOTAL

Gender
MANAGEMENT
POSITION[26]

Male

Female Male

Female

11

166

7

21

91

11

270

119

52

12

5

50

804

64%

3

61

2

1

6

22

306

33

9

1

—

4

445

36%

—

35

8

4

6

3

18

12

19

5

—

20

130

82%

—

16

1

—

—

2

1

3

5

—

—

1

29

18%

Table 6‑1: Global Employee Headcount in Fiscal Year 2018 Ended December 31 (Unaudited)

Our annual rate of new hires calculated as number of employees hired divided by average of beginning and end of year headcount is 9.58%[29]

Workplace Diversity and Inclusion

Our employees are the driving force for sustainable growth. We recognize the value in attracting and retaining a diverse workforce of talent
with varying skills, experiences, and viewpoints. Diversity and inclusion enriches discussion and debate and facilitates a broader exchange of
perspectives, which in turn, will enable innovation, enhance balanced decision making, and improve business performance leading to greater
organizational strength. 

The greater diversity of the organization will better reflect our relationships with our customers, employees, shareholders, business partners,
and other stakeholders and supports sustainability and social responsibility objectives. 

We will adhere to a respectful environment which appreciates differences in age, ethnicity, Indigenous origin or heritage, gender, physical
attributes, beliefs, language, sexual orientation, education, nationality, social background and culture, or other personal characteristics. 

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  7

Sustainability Report  |  Social Performance

Training and Development

Environmental Performance

A key element to our success remains our ability to attract, retain,
and develop a skilled team. Our business requires a broad range
of technical, operational, financial, and marketing skills as well as
appropriate industry experience from new product development, to
operations, to new business development. The Company needs to
attract, develop, and retain innovative and strategic thinkers who
have an entrepreneurial spirit and customer first focus. This rare
combination of skills, experience, and competency will require us
to  continue  to  retain  our  employees,  deliver  on  leadership
development  and  management  succession  planning,  and
strengthen our global recruitment ability.[30] We will be fully reporting
on training activities and training hours for our global locations in
subsequent reports. 

Health and Safety

The health and safety of our employees and their participation in
ensuring  a  safe  and  healthy  workplace  is  an  integral  part  of
Company  operations.  Our  Joint  Health  and  Safety  Committee
members are champions for workplace safety and help to monitor,
collect feedback, and advise on programs and initiatives. Nearly
90% of employees work in facilities with a formal joint management-
employee health and safety committee. Our Committees are made
up of cross-functional management and employee representatives
who advise and recommend action on any workplace health and
safety issues brought to them.[31] 

Employee health and safety is at the forefront of our operational
priorities.  When  gauging  world-class  safety  performance,
recordable  injury  rates  and  lost-time  injury  rates  are  statistical,
comparative industry measures.[32] Our results are indicative of our
ongoing  and  significant  commitment  to  injury  prevention,  risk
regulatory  compliance,  and  continuous  safety
mitigation, 
improvement. 

2018 Performance

17 Recordable Injuries

1.42 per 100 employees

3 Lost Time Injuries

0.25 per 100 Employees

Recordable Injury Frequency
Recordable Injury Rate [33]
The recordable injury incident rate is
the annualized rate of occupational
injuries and illness per 100 employees.
It is a calculation of the number of
injuries x 200,000 employee hours
worked. First aid classified injuries are
not included.

Lost Time Injury Frequency
Lost Time Injury Rate [34]
The lost time injury rate is a calculation
of the total number of lost time injuries
x 200,000 employee hours worked.
Lost days refer to scheduled work
days and the count begins on the next
scheduled work day immediately after
the injury.

Our Vancouver, Canada facilities have been certified as having met
the international standards of ISO 14001: 2015 for Environmental
Management  Systems.[35]  This certificate is  evidence  of  our
commitment to develop, design, test and assemble engine and fuel
system components that meet or exceed the expectations of our
original  equipment  manufacturing  partners  and  customers,  and
formalizes the effective environmental practice and process at our
facilities.[36]

Direct Energy Consumption[37]

Compressed Natural Gas[38]
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Diesel
Gasoline
Renewable Natural Gas
Net Direct Consumption

Gigajoules for the 12
Months Ended
December 2018
41,635 GJ
1,736 GJ
4,876 GJ
3,770 GJ
1,854 GJ
438 GJ
54,309 GJ

Table 7-1: Energy Consumption in Fiscal Year 2018 Ended
December 31 (Unaudited)

Indirect Energy Consumption

Gigajoules for the 12
Months Ended
December 2018

Electricity

49,015 GJ

Table 7‑2: Electricity Consumption in Fiscal Year 2018 Ended
December 31 (Unaudited)

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The organizational boundary of this inventory includes all operating
entities and both scope one and scope two emissions.[39] We have
not measured scope three emissions to date. 

Total Scope 1 Direct Emissions

Tonnes CO2 Equivalent 
for the 12 Months Ended
December 2018
2,800 Tonnes CO2e

Total Scope 2 Indirect Emissions

1,266 Tonnes CO2e

Total GHG Impact

4,066 Tonnes CO2e

Table 6‑2: Global Health and Safety Performance in Fiscal Year
2018 Ended December 31 (Unaudited)

Table 7‑3: Greenhouse Gas Inventory in Fiscal Year 2018 Ended
December 31 (Unaudited)

8  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Community Impacts

Our locations and facilities around the world are adjacent to other
industrial  operations,  commercial  activities,  and  in  some  cases
homes and schools. Our commitment to being a good neighbour is
captured within our Environmental Policy Statement and requires
us  to  monitor  and  manage  the  potentially  adverse  impacts  our
operations  might  have  on  our  neighbours.  We  will  respond  to
community concerns regarding our facilities, infrastructure, noise
levels, and environmental impacts in a timely manner. [40]

Environmental Compliance

Compliance  with 
international,  national,  and  sub-national
regulations is a baseline environmental performance standard and
we  believe  that  leading  organizations  must  go  beyond  minimum
environmental requirements. The Company has not received any
fines or non-monetary sanctions for environmental non-compliance
during the reporting period.[41]

A significant spill is defined by the GRI as an “accidental release of
a  hazardous  substance  that  can  affect  human  health,  land,
vegetation, water bodies, and ground water” and regulatory bodies
generally identify quantity thresholds that provide clarity on how to
classify  the  significance  of  a  spill.  Our  locations  comply  with  all
regulations  and  best  practice  for  environmental  protection,  risk
management,  spill  mitigation,  containment,  and  spill  response.
Company  operating  locations  did  not  experience  any  significant
spills in the reporting year.[42] 

Supply Chain Responsibility

The  Code  of  Conduct  and  our  Supplier  Manual  outlines  the
corporate guiding principles we apply to our purchasing activities
and  our  expectations  for  every  company  that  supplies  goods  or
services. This includes but is not limited to:

•

•

•

•

•

•

ethical business conduct, such as compliance with antitrust/
competition,  anti-corruption/bribery  and  export  controls
laws; 

adherence  to  law  and  standard  business  ethics  which
prohibit the use of child, underage, slave, or forced labour;

conflict minerals reporting; 

avoidance and reporting of conflicts of interest; 

protection  of 
information; and

intellectual  property  and  confidential

compliance  with  every  law  such  as  specific  requirements
towards the environment and employees.[43]

These requirements form an integral part of our overall contractual
relationship with our suppliers. We expect these standards to be
met  by  our  suppliers,  even  in  jurisdictions  where  meeting  such

Sustainability Report  |  Environmental Performance

standards may not be considered part of the usual business culture.
A failure to do so can result in a severe impact on our business and
the supply relationship. Additional information can be found in our
Supplier Portal on our corporate website.

Supply Chain Management

Our  supply  chain  management  group  focuses  on  a  number  of
elements that we believe are integral to world class supply chain
management, such as common global key performance indicators
(KPIs), specific roles and responsibilities, processes and standards,
global training, and risk management. 

ratings, 

supplier 

supplier 

savings, 

KPIs  are  maintained  at  each  of  our  facility  and  are  focused  on
quality
purchasing 
measurements and supplier diversity. We also maintain a strong
financial  and  commercial  risk  management  process  focused  on
supplier quality and financial risk. We use sourcing boards to help
ensure compliance with our internal standards when we place new
business  within  our  supply  base.  From  a  risk  management
standpoint, we audit all new production suppliers in order to assess
their overall quality, financial health, and compliance.

Product Responsibility

Quality and safety are imperatives across the product life cycle. We
will continuously strive to deliver high value, leading environmental
technology  products 
that  meet  or  exceed  our  customers’
expectations. The Company and its affiliates quality management
systems  (QMS)  have  been  certified  as  compliant  to the  ISO
and
the 
standards for 
9001:2015 
commercialization of LNG fuel systems.[44] 

assembly 

design, 

Conflict Minerals Reporting

Consistent with the leadership approach taken by our customers,
suppliers,  and  other  fellow  members  of  the Automotive  Industry
Action Group with respect to “conflict minerals”, we are engaged in
an annual process of determining whether any products which we
make  or  buy  contain  such  “conflict  minerals”.  Our  latest  conflict
minerals report is available on our corporate website and on the
SEC’s EDGAR website (www.sec.gov/edgar). We continue to work
with our suppliers to increase awareness, and accuracy, of “conflict
minerals” reporting requirements and, through our membership in
the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) (formerly the Conflict Free
Sourcing  Initiative),  support  continuing  cross-industry  efforts  to
identify and validate conflict-free smelters and refiners.

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  9

Sustainability Report  |  Global Reporting Initiative Indicator (GRI) Index

Global Reporting Initiative Indicator (GRI) Index[41]

Annual Information Form (AIF)   Sustainability Report (SR)   Annual Report (AR)

GRI Indicator Index
Core Indicator

Description

Location/Section

102-1

102-2

102-3

102-4

102-5

102-6

102-7

102-8

102-9

102-10

102-11

102-12

102-13

102-14

102-15

102-16

102-17

102-40

102-41

102-42

102-43

102-44

102-46

102-47

102-49

102-50

102-51

102-52

102-53

102-54

102-55

102-56

Name of organization

Activities, brands, products, services

Location of headquarters

Location of operations

Ownership and legal form

Markets served

Scale of the organization

Employees and other workers

Supply chain

Significant changes to organization and supply chain

Precautionary principle or approach

External initiatives

Membership of associations

CEO statement re. sustainability

Key impacts, risks, and opportunities

AIF - Corporate Structure

AIF - Business Overview

AIF - Corporate Structure

AIF - Corporate Structure

AIF - Corporate Structure

AIF - Business Overview

AIF - Business Overview

SR - Social Performance

AIF - Operations

AIF - Operations

SR - Deploying Clean Transportation

SR - Environmental Performance

SR - Memberships and Collaborations

SR - CEO Sustainability Statement

SR - Deploying Clean Transportation

Values, principles, standards, norms of behaviour

SR - CEO Sustainability Statement

Mechanisms for advice and concerns re. ethics

SR - Whistleblower Policy

List of stakeholder groups

Collective bargaining agreements

Identify and selecting stakeholders

Approach to stakeholder engagement

Key topics and other concerns raised

Defining report content and topic boundaries

List of material topics

Changes in reporting

Reporting period

Date of most recent report

Reporting cycle

Organizational contact point

SR - Stakeholder Engagement

SR  - Stakeholder Engagement

SR - Stakeholder Engagement

SR - Stakeholder Engagement

SR - Stakeholder Engagement

SR - Report Scope and Content

SR - Determining Materiality

SR - Report Scope and Content

SR - Report Scope and Content

SR - Report Scope and Content

SR - Report Scope and Content

SR - CEO Sustainability Statement

Claims of reporting in accordance with GRI standards

SR - Report Scope and Content

GRI content index

External assurance

SR - GRI Indicator Index

SR - Report Scope and Content

Economic Performance

201-01

201-02

201-04

205-01

205-02

Direct economic value generated and distributed

Risk/opportunity due to climate change

Annual Report (AR)

SR - Climate Change

Financial assistance received from government

AIF - Legal and Regulatory Proceedings

Operations assessed for risks related to corruption

Training on anti-corruption policies/procedures

SR - Anti-Corruption and Bribery

SR - Anti-Corruption and Bribery

10  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Sustainability Report  |  Global Reporting Initiative Indicator (GRI) Index

GRI Indicator Index
Environmental Performance

302-01

302-04

305-01

305-02

306-03

307-01

308-01

Energy consumption

Reduction of energy consumption

Direct energy GHG emissions (scope one)

Indirect energy GHG emissions (scope two)

Significant spills

SR - Direct Energy Consumption

SR - Environmental Performance

SR - Direct Energy Consumption

SR - Indirect Energy Consumption

SR - Environmental Compliance

Non-compliance with environmental laws/regulations

SR - Environmental Compliance

Suppliers screened using environmental criteria

SR - Supply Chain Responsibility

Social Performance

401-01

403-01

403-02

404-01

413-01
414-01

415-01

New employee hires and diversity

Worker representation in health and safety committees

Types of injuries and rates, including lost days

SR - Global Footprint

SR - Health and Safety

SR - Health and Safety

Average hours of training per year per employee

SR - Training and Development

Local community engagement programs

Social screening criteria for suppliers

Political contributions

SR - Community Impacts

SR - Supply Chain Responsibility

SR - Corporate Ethics and Compliance

Table 9‑1 Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Indicator Index

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are considered the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for
all and call for coordinated public and private sector action to achieve each goal and target by 2030.[47] 

United Nation Sustainable Development Goals
Goal One

End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Goal Two

Goal Three
Goal Four
Goal Five
Goal Six
Goal Seven
Goal Eight

Goal Nine
Goal Ten
Goal Eleven

Goal Twelve
Goal Thirteen
Goal Fourteen
Goal Fifteen

Goal Sixteen

End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture

Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and
decent work for all
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation
Reduce inequality within and among countries
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development
Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests,
combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide justice for all and build
effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels

Goal Seventeen Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable

development

Table 10‑1: United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  11

Sustainability Report  |  Footnotes

Footnotes

1. GRI Indicator 102-14 CEO statement re. sustainability

2. GRI Indicator 102-16 Values, principles, standards, and norms of behaviour

3. GRI Indicator 102-53 Contact point for questions regarding the report 

4. GRI Indicator 102-49 Changes in reporting

5. GRI Indicator 102-51 Date of most recent report

6. GRI Indicator 102-50 Reporting period and 102-52 Reporting cycle

7. GRI Indicator 102-03 Location of headquarters and 102-04 Location of operations

8. GRI Indicator 102-54 Claims of reporting in accordance with GRI standards

9. GRI Indicator 102-56 External assurance

10. GRI Indicator 102-15 Key impacts, risks, and opportunities

11. GRI Indicator 102-11 Precautionary principle

12. GRI Indicator 201-02 Risk/opportunity due to climate change

13. Source: https://phys.org/news/2018-10-european-cities-diesel-polluted-air.html

14. Source: http://blog.luxresearchinc.com/blog/2017/06/ripple-effects-of-dieselgate-continue-to-negatively-impact-diesels-outlook/

15. GRI Indicator 102-40 List of stakeholder groups

16. GRI Indicator 102-42 Identifying and selecting stakeholders

17. List of stakeholders is organized alphabetically

18. GRI Indicator 102-34 Approach to stakeholder engagement and GRI Indicator 102-44 Key topics and concerns raised

19. GRI Indicator 102-41 Collective bargaining agreements. Employee headcount number as of December 31, 2018 (unaudited).

20. GRI Indicator 102-13 Membership of associations

21. GRI Indicator 102-47 List of material topics

22. GRI Indicator 415-01 Political contributions - as per the Westport Fuel Systems Code of Conduct political contributions by the Company

are prohibited in all circumstances.

23. GRI Indicator 102-17 Mechanisms for advice and concerns re. ethics

24. GRI Indicator 205-01 Operations assessed for risks related to corruption and GRI Indicator 205-02 Training on anti-corruption policies

and procedures

25. GRI 401-01 New Employee Hires and Employee Turnover 

26. A management position is a position with a Manager title or above, responsible for managing people and decision authority.

27. Excluded from total headcount

28. MTM includes Zavoli and OMVL

29. GRI Indicator 401-01 New employee hires unaudited as of December 31, 2018

30. GRI Indicator 404-1 Average hours of training per year per employee

12  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Sustainability Report  |  Footnotes

31. GRI Indicator 403-01 Worker representation in health and safety committees 

32. GRI Indicator 403-02 Types of injuries and rates including lost days

33. The recordable injury incident rate is the annualized rate of occupational injuries and illness per 100 employees. It is a calculation of

the number of injuries x 200,000 employee hours worked. First aid classified injuries are not included.

34. The lost time injury rate is a calculation of the total number of lost time injuries x 200,000 employee hours worked. Lost days refer to

scheduled work days and the count begins on the next scheduled work day immediately after the injury.

35. GRI Indicator 102-12 External initiatives

36. GRI Indicator 302-01 Reduction of energy consumption We continually look for ways to improve the energy efficiency of our operations.
A capital investment of approximately $250,000 USD was made to upgrade the building heating system of our MTM operating location
in 2018

37. Direct and indirect energy consumption includes all operating locations with the exception of Westport Fuel Systems Michigan and

Westport Kunshan 

38.

Includes renewable natural gas (RNG) used in Sweden operations

39. Greenhouse gas emissions impact does not include Westport Fuel Systems Michigan and Westport Kunshan

40. GRI Indicator 413-01 Local community engagement programs

41. GRI Indicator 307-01 Non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations

42. GRI Indicator 306-03 Significant spills

43. GRI Indicator 308-01 Suppliers screened using environmental criteria

44. GRI Indicator 102-12 External initiatives

45. Our latest conflict minerals report is available on our corporate website and on the SEC’s EDGAR website (www.sec.gov/edgar).

46. GRI Indicator 102-55  This report has been developed in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Sustainability Standards

2016; a standard effective for reports published on or after July 01, 2018

47. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  13

Management's Discussion and Analysis

Management's
Discussion and
Analysis

Basis of Presentation 

This  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  (“MD&A”)  for
Westport  Fuel  Systems  Inc.  (“Westport  Fuel  Systems”,  the
“Company”,  “we”,  “us”,  “our”)  is  intended  to  assist  readers  in
analyzing our financial results and should be read in conjunction
with  the  audited  consolidated  financial  statements,  including  the
accompanying notes, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
Our  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in
accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles  in  the
United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The Company’s reporting currency
is the U.S. dollar. This MD&A is dated as of March 19, 2019.

Additional information relating to Westport Fuel Systems, including
our Annual Information Form (“AIF”) and Form 40-F, is available on
SEDAR  at  www.sedar.com  and  on  EDGAR  at  www.sec.gov. All
financial  information  is  reported  in  U.S.  dollars  unless  otherwise
noted.

Forward Looking Statements

This MD&A contains forward-looking statements that are based on
the beliefs of management and reflects our current expectations as
contemplated under the safe harbor provisions of Section 21E of
the  United  States  Securities  Act  of  1934,  as  amended.  Such
statements include but are not limited to statements regarding the
orders  or  demand  for  our  products,  our  investments,  cash  and
capital  requirements,  the  intentions  of  partners  and  potential
customers,  the  performance  of  our  products,  our  future  market
opportunities, availability of funding and funding requirements, our
estimates  and  assumptions  used  in  our  accounting  policies,  our
accruals, including warranty accruals, our financial condition, timing
of when we will adopt or meet certain accounting and regulatory
standards  and  the  alignment  of  our  business  segments.  These
statements are neither promises nor guarantees but involve known
and  unknown  risks  and  uncertainties  that  may  cause  our  actual
results,  levels  of  activity,  performance  or  achievements  to  be
materially  different  from  any  future  results,  levels  of  activity,
performance  or  achievements  expressed  in  or  implied  by  these
forward  looking  statements.  These  risks  include  risks  related  to
revenue growth, operating results, liquidity, industry and products,
general  economy,  conditions  of  the  capital  and  debt  markets,
government  or  accounting  policies  and  regulations,  regulatory
investigations,  technology  innovations,  as  well  as  other  factors
discussed  below  and  elsewhere  in  this  report,  including  the  risk
factors contained in the Company’s most recent AIF filed on SEDAR

14  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

at  www.sedar.com. The  forward-looking  statements  contained  in
this  MD&A  are  based  upon  a  number  of  material  factors  and
assumptions which include, without limitation, market acceptance
of  our  products,  product  development  delays  in  contractual
commitments,  the  ability  to  attract  and  retain  business  partners,
competition  from  other  technologies,  price  differential  between
natural  gas  and  liquefied  petroleum  gas,  unforeseen  claims,
exposure  to  factors  beyond  our  control  as  well  as  the  additional
factors  referenced  in  our  AIF.  Readers  should  not  place  undue
reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only
as of the date they were made. We disclaim any obligation to publicly
update  or  revise  such  statements  to  reflect  any  change  in  our
expectations  or  in  events,  conditions  or  circumstances  on  which
any such statements may be based or that may affect the likelihood
that actual results will differ from those set forth in the forward looking
statements except as required by applicable legislation.

The forward looking statements contained in this document speak
only as of the date of this MD&A. Except as required by applicable
legislation,  Westport  Fuel  Systems  does  not  undertake  any
obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward looking
statements  to  reflect  events  or  circumstances  after  this  MD&A,
including  the  occurrence  of  unanticipated  events.  The  forward-
looking statements contained in this MD&A are expressly qualified
by this cautionary statement.

Business Overview
and General Developments 

Westport  Fuel  Systems  is  a  global  company  focused  on
engineering, manufacturing, and supply of alternative fuel systems
and  components  for  transportation  applications.  Our  diverse
product  offering  sold  under  a  wide  range  of  established  brands
enables  the  deployment  of    a  range  of  alternative  fuels  offering
environmental  and  economic  advantages, 
liquid
petroleum  gas  ("LPG"),  compressed  natural  gas  ("CNG"),  liquid
natural gas ("LNG"), renewable natural gas ("RNG"), and hydrogen.
We  supply  our  products  and  services  through  a  network  of
distributors  and  original  equipment  manufacturers  ("OEMs")  and
we  provide  delayed  OEM  ("DOEM")  services.    In  total,  we  have
customers  in  more  than  70  countries.  Today,  our  products  and
services are available for passenger car, light-, medium- and heavy-
duty truck, cryogenic, and hydrogen applications.

including 

Westport Fuel Systems is well positioned to increase revenues and
market  share  as  new  stringent  environmental  regulations
mandating  greenhouse  gas  emission  reductions  have  been
introduced in key markets around the world. We are leveraging our
market-ready products and customer base to capitalize on these
opportunities.  In addition to our operational competency in well-
established  transportation  markets,  our  development  of  new
technologies provides us a technology leadership position which is
expected to drive future growth. Westport Fuel Systems has a track
record  of  innovation,  specialized  engineering  capabilities,  and  a

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Business Overview and General Developments

deep  patent  portfolio  resulting  in  a  strong  intellectual  property
position.

The majority of our revenues in 2018 were generated through the
following businesses:

•

•

•

Independent  aftermarket  (“IAM”):  we  sell  systems  and
components, primarily through a global network of distributors
and across a wide range of brands, that are used to enable
passenger cars to use LPG or CNG fuels in addition to gasoline.

DOEM: we directly or indirectly convert new passenger cars
for OEMs or importers, to address local market needs when a
global LPG or CNG bi-fuel vehicle platform is not available.

Light-duty OEM: we sell components to OEMs that are used
to manufacture new, direct off the assembly line LPG or CNG-
fueled vehicles.

During 2017, we reached a significant milestone with the shipment
of the first commercial Westport High Pressure Direct Injection 2.0
("Westport HPDI 2.0™" or "HPDI") components to our European
OEM  launch  partner.  Our  fully  integrated  Westport  HPDI  2.0™
system matches the power, torque, and fuel economy benefits found
in traditional compression ignition engines using only diesel fuel but
powered primarily by natural gas, resulting in reduced greenhouse
gas  emissions,  and  the  capability  to  cost-effectively  run  on
renewable  fuels.    In  2018,  our  European  OEM  launch  partner
commercially launched heavy duty trucks incorporating HPDI 2.0™
technology, and these truck models are available and on the road
in Europe today.

During  2018,  Westport  entered  into  definitive  development  and
supply agreements with Weichai Westport Inc. ("WWI") to develop,
market,  and  commercialize  a  heavy-duty,  natural  gas  engine
featuring  the  Westport  HPDI  2.0™  technology,  based  on  one  of
Weichai Power Co., Ltd.'s ("Weichai Power") heavy-duty engine
platforms. The new natural gas engine will be certified to meet China
VI emissions standards and is expected to be launched in late 2019.
WWI  has  committed  to  purchase  Westport  HPDI  2.0™  system
components required for a minimum of 18,000 Westport HPDI 2.0™
engines  between  the  launch  date  and  the  end  of  2023  (see
Operating Segments of this MD&A for additional details on WWI).
The  HPDI  business  is  still  at  the  early  stages  of  commercial
development,  and,  as  a  result,  is  currently  generating  losses.
Meaningful increases in component sales, compared to 2018 levels,
are expected to be required for the HPDI business to benefit from
economies of scale and become profitable. We anticipate growth
in  volumes  in  2019  and  future  years  through  sales  to  our  initial
launch  partner,  our  supply  arrangement  with  WWI,  and  the
possibility of additional OEMs entering into supply agreements for
our HPDI technology.

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 increased by 18%
to $270.3 million from $229.8 million in 2017, resulting from strength
in our independent aftermarket and light-duty OEM businesses, the
first full year of HPDI 2.0 component sales to a large European truck
OEM, and the stronger Euro. Our HPDI revenues were relatively

low during 2018, as expected during the first full year of commercial
sales,  however  based  on  orders  to  date  and  forecasts  from  our
launch partner, as well as the expected launch of sales to WWI in
2019, we expect a significant increase in 2019. 

Westport  Fuel  Systems  recorded  a  net  loss  from  continuing
operations of $40.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018
compared to a net loss from continuing operations of $62.9 million
for the year ended December 31, 2017.  The decrease in the loss
from continuing operations is a result of higher gross margin, lower
research  and  development  expenses,  stronger  contribution  from
Cummins  Westport  Inc.  ("CWI"),  our  50:50  joint  venture  with
Cummins,  Inc.  ("Cummins"),  and  lower  interest  expense,  offset
partially by higher legal costs and foreign exchange losses.

Westport  Fuel  Systems  earned  a  positive  $9.7  million  Adjusted
Earnings  Before  Interest,  Taxes,  Depreciation  and  Amortization
("Adjusted  EBITDA"  see  Non-GAAP  Measures  section  in  this
MD&A) during the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to
a loss of $19.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The
factors noted above were key contributors to the improvement in
Adjusted EBITDA.

We  continue  to  co-operate  with  the  SEC's  investigation  that
commenced  in  June  2017  regarding  our  investment  in  Weichai
Westport  Inc.  and  compliance  with  the  FCPA  and  securities  law
related  to  disclosures  in  SEC  filings.  Legal  costs  increased
significantly during 2018 and has been a significant use of cash.
See the Regulatory Compliance section for additional details.

Liquidity and Going Concern

In connection with preparing financial statements for each annual
and  interim  reporting  period  management  of  the  Company  is
required  to  evaluate  whether  there  are  conditions  or  events,
considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year
after the date that the financial statements are issued.  Substantial
doubt  exists  when  conditions  and  events,  considered  in  the
aggregate,  indicate  that  it  is  probable  that  the  Company  will  be
unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year
after  the  date    that  the  financial  statements  are  issued.    This
evaluation  initially  does  not  take  into  consideration  the  potential
mitigating effect of management’s plans that have not been fully
implemented as of the date that the financial statements are issued.
When substantial doubt exists, management evaluates whether the
mitigating effect of its plans sufficiently alleviates substantial doubt
about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The
mitigating  effect  of  management’s  plans,  however,  is  only
considered if both (1) it is probable that the plans will be effectively
implemented  within  one  year  after  the  date  that  the  financial
statements are issued, and (2) it is probable that the plans, when
implemented,  will  mitigate  the  relevant  conditions  or  events  that
raise  substantial  doubt  about  the  entity’s  ability  to  continue  as  a
going  concern  within  one  year  after  the  date  that  the  financial
statements  are  issued.  Generally,  to  be  considered  probable  of

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  15

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Business Overview and General Developments

being effectively implemented, the plans must have been approved
before the date that the financial statements are issued.

in  the  accompanying  financial  statements  and  the  adjustments
could be material.

At this time management's evaluation has concluded that there are
no known or currently foreseeable conditions or events that raise
substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going
concern within one year after the date the financial statements were
issued. The Company's financial statements have therefore been
prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going
concern.

At  December  31,  2018,  the  Company's  net  working  capital  was
$63.1 million including cash and cash equivalents of $61.1 million,
and  its  long-term  debt,  including  the  royalty  payable,  was  $76.2
million, of which $16.4 million matures in 2019. The Company has
incurred  a  loss  from  continuing  operations  of  $40.8  million  and
negative cash flows from continuing operating activities of $27.4
million for the year ended December 31, 2018, and has accumulated
a deficit of $998.4 million since inception.

The  Company  continues  to  work  towards  its  goals  of  increasing
revenues and reducing expenditures, which has improved results
from operations and operating cash flows in 2017 and 2018, and
this  improvement  in  operating  results  is  expected  to  continue  in
2019.  In particular, the commercial launch of Westport HPDI 2.0™
in  2018  has  allowed  the  Company  to  significantly  reduce
engineering  and  development  spend  and  the  associated  capital
expenditures  on  this  product  and  this  reduction  has  improved
current and forecasted future cash flows. In addition, while the legal
fees related to the SEC investigation that began in 2017 (see note
20(b))  increased  significantly  in  2018,  we  anticipate  these  legal
expenditures  to  decrease  in  2019.    However,  since  the  possible
outcomes of this proceeding remain uncertain at this time, it is also
necessary  to  acknowledge  that  any  final  determination  that  the
Company’s  operations  or  activities  are  not,  or  were  not,  in
compliance with the FCPA and/or other U.S. securities laws could
result in significant civil and criminal financial penalties and other
sanctions,  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  impact  on  our
financial condition.  Lastly, the Company continues to examine non-
core  assets  to  determine  whether  it  is  in  the  best  interest  of  the
Company to monetize assets or to continue to hold and invest in
these assets. Connected with this activity of assessing its non-core
assets, on July 25, 2018 the Company closed the sale of its CNG
Compressor business announced in the second quarter of 2018,
which resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $14.7 million.

Based  on  currently  known  conditions  and  events,  management
believes  that  the  cash  on  hand  at  December  31,  2018  and  the
improvements to the operations expected in 2019 will provide the
cash flow necessary to fund operations over the next year to March
31, 2020. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern
beyond  one  year  will  be  dependent  on  the  Company's  ability  to
generate positive results from operations and cash flows. If, as a
result of future events, the Company was to determine it was no
longer able to continue as a going concern, significant adjustments
would be required to the carrying value of its assets and liabilities

16  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Operating Segments

Effective January 2018, commensurate with the commercial launch
of  Westport  HPDI  2.0™,  the  Company  restructured  its  business
segments  to  allow  for  further  integration  of  product  offerings.
Accordingly, from that date, the Westport HPDI 2.0™ product line
and all other technology related activities previously reported under
the Corporate & Technology segment have been combined with the
Automotive business segment and renamed Transportation.

Under the new organization structure, the Company manages and
reports  the  results  of  its  business  through  three  segments:
Transportation, the CWI Joint Venture, and Corporate.  This change
reflects  the  manner  in  which  operating  decisions  and  the
assessment of business performance is currently managed by the
Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM").  All comparative figures
presented have been revised to reflect this change.

The  financial  information  for  the  Company’s  business  segments
evaluated by the CODM includes the results of CWI as if they were
consolidated,  which  is  consistent  with  the  way  the  Company
manages its business segments. As CWI is accounted for under
the equity method of accounting, an adjustment is reflected in the
tables below to reconcile the segment measures to the Company’s
consolidated measures.

TRANSPORATION BUSINESS SEGMENT

Westport  Fuel  Systems'  Transportation  segment  designs,
manufactures, and sells alternative fuel systems and components
for transportation applications.  Our diverse product offerings are
sold under established global brands and utilize a broad range of
alternative  fuels,  which  have  numerous  environmental  and
economic  advantages  including:  LPG,  CNG,  LNG,  RNG,  and
hydrogen. We supply our products and services through a global
network of distributors and numerous OEMs and DOEMs in more
than 70 countries. Today, our products and services are available
for  passenger  cars,  light-,  medium-  and  heavy-duty  trucks,  high
horsepower engines, cryogenics, and hydrogen applications.

The  Transportation  group  includes  the  IAM,  OEM  and  DOEM
programs,  the  Westport  HPDI  2.0™  product  line,  electronics,
current and advanced research and development programs, supply
chain, and product planning activities.

An  agreement  to  sell  the  CNG  Compressor  business  was
announced during the second quarter of 2018 and closed in the
third quarter of 2018, and as a result, the revenues and expenses
related  to  this  business  have  been  recorded  in  discontinued
operations for the current and prior years.

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Business Overview and General Developments

CUMMINS WESTPORT INC. ("CWI")
JOINT VENTURE 

CWI  serves  the  medium-  and  heavy-duty  on-highway  engine
markets. CWI engines are offered by many OEMs for use in transit,
school  and  shuttle  buses,  conventional  trucks  and  tractors,  and
refuse collection trucks, as well as specialty vehicles such as short-
haul port drayage trucks and street sweepers. CWI is the leading
supplier of natural gas engines to the North American medium- and
heavy-duty truck and transit bus industries.

All  CWI  natural  gas  engines  are  dedicated  100%  natural  gas
engines. The fuel for CWI engines can be carried in tanks on the
vehicle as CNG or LNG.  All engines are also capable of operating
on RNG.

CWI is a Delaware corporation owned 50% by Westport Power Inc.,
a wholly-owned subsidiary of Westport Fuel Systems, and 50% by
Cummins.  The  board  of  directors  of  CWI  is  comprised  of  three
representatives from each of Westport Fuel Systems and Cummins.
On February 19, 2012, Westport Fuel Systems, Cummins and CWI
entered  into  a  Second  Amended  and  Restated  Joint  Venture
Agreement governing the operations of CWI which amended the
focus of CWI's future product development investments to North
American  markets,  including  engines  for  on-road  applications
between the displacement range of 5.9 litres through 12 litres, and
to have these engines manufactured in Cummins' North American
plants.

The purpose of the joint venture is to engage in the business of
developing,  marketing  and  selling  spark-ignited  natural  gas  or
propane engines for on-highway use. CWI utilizes Cummins' supply
chain, back office systems and distribution and sales networks. The
joint venture term is scheduled to end on December 31, 2021.

CORPORATE BUSINESS SEGMENT

The Corporate business segment is responsible for public company
activities, corporate oversight and general administrative duties, as
well as R&D expenses relating to the protection of the Company's
intellectual  property;  in  particular,  the  costs  associated  with
patenting  our  innovations  and  registering  our  trademarks,  and
maintaining our patent and trademark portfolios.

WEICHAI WESTPORT INC. ("WWI")

The  Company,  indirectly  through  its  wholly-owned  subsidiary,
Westport  Innovations  (Hong  Kong)  Limited  (“Westport  HK”),  is
currently the registered holder of a 23.33% equity interest in Weichai
Westport Inc. (“WWI”).  Previously, the Company held a 35% indirect
equity interest in WWI. However, in April 2016 the company sold to
Pangaea  Two Acquisition  Holdings  XIV,  LLC  and  Pangaea  Two
Acquisition Holdings Parallel XIV, LLC (collectively, the  “Cartesian
Entities”)  a  derivative  economic  interest  granting  the  Cartesian
Entities the right to receive an amount of future income received by
Westport  HK  from  WWI  equivalent  to  having  an  18.78%

equity interest  in  WWI  and  concurrently  granted  Pangaea  Two
Management,  LP  (an  additional  entity  related  to  the  Cartesian
Entities) an option to acquire all of the equity securities of Westport
HK  for  a  nominal  amount.   The  Company  retained  the  right  to
transfer any equity interest held by Westport HK in WWI that was
in excess of an 18.78% interest in the event that such option was
exercised.  Then in August of 2016 the Company sold an aggregate
11.67% equity interest in the WWI joint venture for gross proceeds
of  48.2  million  RMB  (approximately  US$7.2  million)   to  Weichai
Holding Group Co., Ltd. (to which the Company sold a 6.42% equity
interest)  and  Guanya  (Shanghai)  Private  Equity  Partnership
(Limited  Partnership)  (“Guanya”)  (to  which  the  Company  sold  a
5.25% equity interest).  Public disclosures of this transaction made
by  the  Company  prior  to  our  Q3  2018  MD&A  filing,  referred  to
Guanya  as  either  “an  additional  undisclosed  purchaser”  or,
inadvertently, as “Weichai Power Co., Ltd.”, which was not a party
to the transaction but instead was a limited partner of Guanya.  The
Company’s  23.33%  equity  interest  in  WWI  remains  held  by  the
Company’s  subsidiary,  Westport  HK.    As  a  result  of  such
transactions, the Company’s residual 23.33% equity interest in WWI
currently corresponds to an economic interest in WWI equivalent
to just 4.55%.

The Company has not considered WWI a business segment since
March 31, 2016 due to the Company's reduced interest pursuant
to a sale to the Cartesian Entities as noted above.

As discussed in the Business Overview and General Developments
section  of  this  MD&A,  Westport  Fuel  Systems  entered  into
development and supply agreements with WWI on August 28, 2018.

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  17

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Selected Annual Financial Information

Selected Annual
Financial Information

The following table sets forth a summary of our financial results for
2018,  2017  and  2016.  The  2016  results  include  seven  months
results from Fuel Systems Solutions, Inc. ("Fuel Systems") as a
result of the merger effective June 1, 2016.

SELECT CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS DATA

SELECTED BALANCE SHEET DATA
Years ended Dec 31

(expressed in millions of United States dollars)

2018

2017

Cash and cash equivalents

$

61.1 $

Total assets

Debt, including current portion

Royalty payable, including
current portion

Total liabilities

Shareholder's equity

269.9

55.3

20.9

179.3

90.7

71.8

313.6

54.4

19.0

195.6

118.0

2018
(note 2)

Years ended Dec 31
2017
(Adjusted note 1
and note 2)

2016
(Adjusted note
1, note 2  and
note 3)

$

270.3

$

229.8

$

167.2

64.2

60.3

34.1

23.8%

26.2%

20.4%

(40.8)

(62.9)

(100.7)

We  account  for  CWI  using  the  equity  method  of  accounting.
However, due to its significance to our operating results, we disclose
its assets, liabilities and income statement in notes 9(a) and 21 of
our  consolidated  financial  statements  and  discuss  revenue  and
gross  margins  in  this  MD&A.  The  following  table  sets  forth  a
summary of the financial results of CWI for 2018, 2017 and 2016.

SELECTED CWI STATEMENTS OF
OPERATIONS DATA

9.3

52.9

3.1

Years ended Dec 31

(31.5)

(10.0)

(97.6)

Total revenue

Gross margin

(0.31)

(0.52)

(1.10)

GM %

$ 319.4

$ 317.3

$ 276.5

91.0

109.5

77.1

28.5%

34.5%

27.9%

(expressed in millions of United States dollars)

2018

2017

2016

(expressed in millions of USD,
except per share amounts
 and shares outstanding)

Revenue

Gross margin

GM %

Net loss from
continuing operations1

Net income from
discontinued
operations2

Net loss

Net loss per share
from continuing
operations - basic and
diluted

Net loss per share

(0.24)

(0.08)

(1.07)

Weighted average
basic and diluted
shares outstanding

132,371,396

119,558,566

91,028,504

1.

2.

3.

2018:  with  effect  from  the  second  quarter  of  2018,  the  CNG
Compressor business was reclassified retrospectively as discontinued
operations and in the third quarter of 2018, it was sold and generated
a net gain on sale of $9.9 million, which was recorded in discontinued
operations.

2017: the year ended December 31, 2017 included a $54.9 million gain
on sale of substantially all of the former Industrial business unit, which
was  recorded  in  discontinued  operations.  See  note  6  in  the
consolidated financial statements.

2016: the comparative 2016 period data include revenue from Fuel
Systems' business for the seven-month period following the June 1,
2016 acquisition, a bargain purchase gain of $35.8 million, and a $19.0
million  restructuring  provision  recorded  for  severance  and  facility
closures.  These  items  were  recorded  in  net  loss  from  continuing
operations.

Net income before income taxes

57.4

58.3

16.7

Net income attributable to the
Company1

22.7

12.5

5.6

1. As  a  result  of  the  U.S.  tax  reform  substantially  enacted  in  the  fourth
quarter of 2017, CWI recorded a deferred tax expense of $13.4 million
in 2017. The net income attributable to the Company has increased in
2018 as a result of the lower tax rates in the U.S.

Results from Operations

The following tables summarize results by segment for 2018, 2017
and 2016.

The  2017  and  2016  comparative  periods  have  been  revised  to
reflect the change in business segments previously discussed in
the Operating Segments section and to reflect the reclassification
of the CNG Compressor business to discontinued operations.

Revenue 2018/2017

The following table sets forth a summary of our financial position
as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

Total  consolidated  revenues  increased  by  $40.5  million,  or  18%
from $229.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $270.3
million during the year ended December 31, 2018.

18  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

The following table summarizes revenues by segment for the year
ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December
31, 2017:

REVENUE

Years ended Dec 31

Change

2018

2017

$

%

(expressed in millions
of U.S. dollars)

Transportation
(consolidated) $

CWI (non-
consolidated)

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Results from Operations

REVENUE

Years ended Dec 31

(expressed in millions
of U.S. dollars)

2018

% of
revenue

2017

% of
revenue

Change

$

%

Transportation
(consolidated)

CWI (non-
consolidated)

$ 64.2

24% $ 60.3

26% $ 3.9

6 %

91.0

28% 109.5

35% (18.5)

(17 )%

270.3 $

229.8 $

40.5

18 %

319.4

317.3

2.1

1 %

TRANSPORTATION

TRANSPORTATION

Transportation revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was
$270.3  million  compared  with  $229.8  million  for  the  year  ended
December 31, 2017. The increase in revenue was primarily due to
strong demand for our aftermarket products, strength in our light-
and medium-duty OEM business and sales from our newly released
Westport HPDI 2.0TM product. In addition, the Euro strengthened
versus U.S. dollar approximately 5% during 2018 which resulted in
an increase in U.S. dollar dominated revenues.

CWI

CWI revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $319.4
million compared with $317.3 million for the year ended December
31, 2017. Unit sales for the year ended December 31, 2018 were
7,393 compared to 7,955 for the year ended December 31, 2017.
The decrease in unit sales in the year ended December 31, 2018
is mainly due to certain pre-buy activities in the fourth quarter of
2017  in  advance  of  the  2018  on-board  diagnostic  compliant
engines.

Within  total  CWI  revenue,  parts  revenue  for  the  year  ended
December 31, 2018 was $92.0 million compared to $82.1 million
for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017.  The  increase  in  parts
revenue is mainly due to the cumulative increase in the natural gas
engine population in service, which offsets the decrease in units
sold during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the
prior year.

Transportation  gross  margin  increased  by  $3.9  million  to  $64.2
million, for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $60.3
million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase in gross
margin is due to higher sales from our aftermarket and light- and
medium-duty  OEM,  and  DOEM  businesses.  Gross  margin
percentage decreased from 26% for the year ended December 31,
2017 to 24% for the year ended December 31, 2018 mainly because
of low unit sales of the Westport HPDI 2.0™ business and lower
service revenue.

CWI

CWI gross margin decreased by $18.5 million to $91.0 million, or
28% of revenue from $109.5 million or 35% of revenue in the prior
year. The decrease in gross margin and gross margin percentage
in 2018 is due to product mix and higher warranty adjustments.

There was a negative warranty adjustment of $1.1 million for the
year ended December 31, 2018 compared to a positive warranty
adjustment of $9.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Excluding the warranty adjustments, the gross margin percentage
in 2018 would have been consistent with 2017.

Research & Development
Expenses 2018/2017

The following table presents details of research and development
(“R&D”) expense by segment, excluding equity investees, for 2018
compared to 2017:

Gross Margin 2018/2017

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

Total consolidated gross margin increased by $3.9 million, or 6%
from $60.3 million in 2017 to $64.2 million in 2018.

The  following  table  presents  gross  margin  by  segment  for  2018
compared to 2017:

Years ended
Dec 31

Change

(expressed in millions of U.S. dollars)

2018

2017

$

%

Transportation

$ 29.6 $ 48.4 $ (18.8)

(39 )%

Corporate

1.0

1.7

(0.7)

(41 )%

Total Research and
Development

$ 30.6 $ 50.1 $ (19.5)

(39 )%

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  19

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Results from Operations

TRANSPORTATION

Transportation R&D expenses for the year ended December 31,
2018 were $29.6 million compared with $48.4 million for the year
ended December 31, 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2017,
the decrease of $18.8 million during the year ended December 31,
2018 was due to the completion of various R&D programs as the
Company launched its Westport HPDI 2.0™ product in the fourth
quarter of 2017.

CORPORATE

Corporate R&D expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018
were $1.0 million compared with $1.7 million for the year ended
December  31,  2017.  Corporate  R&D  expenses  relate  to  costs
associated with protecting the Company's intellectual property; in
particular, the costs associated with patenting our innovations and
registering  our  trademarks,  and  maintaining  our  patent  and
trademark portfolios.

Sales and Marketing, General,
and Administrative Expenses
2018/2017

insurance recoveries, compared to $1.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2017.

Items Affecting Comparability of Results
from 2016 to 2017

1. The  year  ended  December  31,  2016  includes  only  seven
months  of  Fuel  Systems'  results  from  the  June  1,  2016
acquisition and this is reported in the Transportation segment
in the tables below.

2. WWI results are only included in total segment revenue for the
three months ended March 31, 2016, as WWI has no longer
been considered an operating segment in subsequent periods
as previously noted.

Revenue 2017/2016

Total  segment  revenues  increased  $73.5  million,  or  16%  from
$473.6 million in 2016 to $547.1 million in 2017.

The following table summarizes total revenue by segment for the
year  ended  December  31,  2017  compared  to  the  year  ended
December 31, 2016:

The following table presents details of sales and marketing, general
and administrative (“SG&A”) expense by segment, excluding equity
investees, for 2018 compared to 2017:

REVENUE

SALES AND MARKETING, GENERAL
AND ADMINISTRATIVE

(expressed in millions of U.S. dollars)

Transportation

CWI

WWI

Years ended
Dec 31

2017

2016

Change

$

%

$ 229.8 $ 167.2 $62.6

317.3

276.5

40.8

37 %

15 %

— 29.9 (29.9)

(100)%

Years ended
Dec 31

Change
$

(expressed in millions of U.S. dollars)

Transportation
Corporate

2018

2017
$ 36.8 $ 43.4 $ (6.6)

%
(15 )%

30.2

19.8

10.4

53 %

Total Selling, General and
Administrative

$ 67.0 $ 63.2 $

3.8

6 %

TRANSPORTATION

Transportation SG&A expenses for the year ended December 31,
2018  were  $36.8  million  compared  to  $43.4  million  for  the  year
ended December 31, 2017. SG&A expenses decreased mainly due
to restructuring activities that took place during 2017 that resulted
in lower SG&A expenses in 2018.

CORPORATE

Corporate SG&A expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018
were $30.2 million compared to $19.8 million for the year ended
December  31,  2017.  The  increase  is  largely  due  to  legal  costs
related to the ongoing SEC investigation of $10.0 million incurred
during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  net  of  expected

20  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Total segment revenues

$ 547.1 $ 473.6 $73.5

Less: Equity investees' revenues

317.3

306.4

10.9

Total consolidated revenues

$ 229.8 $ 167.2 $62.6

16 %

4 %

37 %

TRANSPORTATION

Transportation revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was
$229.8 million compared to $167.2 million for 2016. The increase
in revenue was primarily due to the consolidation of Fuel Systems
for  twelve  months  as  opposed  to  seven  months  in  2016.  Strong
sales in the European aftermarket business and a 2% increase in
the Euro also contributed to the year over year revenue increase.

CWI

CWI revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $317.3
million compared with $276.5 million for the year ended December
31, 2016. Unit sales for the year ended December 31, 2017 were
7,955 compared to 7,232 for the year ended December 31, 2016.
The increase in revenue was primarily due to the increase in units
sold and an increase in parts revenue attributed to the increase in
the natural gas engine population in service.

Gross Margin 2017/2016

Total consolidated gross margin increased by $26.2 million or 77%
from $34.1 million in 2016 to $60.3 million in 2017.

The  following  table  presents  gross  margin  by  segment  for  2017
compared to 2016:

GROSS MARGIN

(expressed in
millions of U.S.
dollars)

Transportation
CWI
WWI
Total segment
gross margin
Less: equity
investees'
gross margin

Total
consolidated
gross margin

Year
ended
Dec 31,
2017
$ 60.3
109.5
—

% of
Revenue

Year
ended
Dec 31,
2016 
26% $ 34.1
35% 77.1
3.0
—%

% of
Revenue

Change

$

%

20% $ 26.2
28% 32.4
10% (3.0)

77 %
42 %
(100)%

$169.8

31% $114.2

24% $ 55.6

49 %

109.5

35% 80.1

26% 29.4

37 %

$ 60.3

26% $ 34.1

20% $ 26.2

77 %

TRANSPORTATION

Transportation gross margin increased by $26.2 million to $60.3
million, or 26% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2017
compared to $34.1 million or 20% of revenue for the year ended
December  31,  2016.  Gross  margins  increased  due  to  higher
revenues,  lower  obsolescence  charges,  an  acquisition-related
adjustment in the prior year and cost reductions resulting from the
restructuring activities beginning in the third quarter of 2016.

CWI

CWI gross margin increased by $32.4 million to $109.5 million, or
35% of revenue from $77.1 million or 28% of revenue in the prior
year. The increase in gross margin and gross margin percentage
is  driven  by  higher  revenues,  a  favorable  parts  revenue  mix
compared to the prior year. In addition, there was a positive warranty
adjustment of $9.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017
compared to a negative warranty adjustment of $0.6 million for the
year ended December 31, 2016.

Research & Development
Expenses 2017/2016

The following table presents details of research and development
(“R&D”) expense by segment, excluding equity investees, for 2017
compared to 2016:

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Results from Operations

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

(expressed in millions of

Years ended
Dec 31

Change

U.S. dollars)

2017

2016

$

%

Transportation

Corporate

Total Research
and Development

$

$

48.4 $

52.7 $

1.7

2.7

(4.3)

(1.0)

(8)%

(37)%

50.1 $

55.4 $

(5.3)

(10)%

TRANSPORTATION

Transportation R&D expenses for the year ended December 31,
2017 decreased by $4.3 million, compared to $52.7 million for the
year ended December 31, 2016. For the year ended December 31,
2016,  total  Transportation  R&D  expenses  only  includes  Fuel
Systems expenditures for the seven month period since the June
1,  2016  acquisition.  Overall,  R&D  expenses  decreased  due  to
restructuring  activities  taken  in  2016  with  the  closure  of  the
Australian office and reduction of workforce in the US automotive
business, offset by slightly higher charges due to the strength of
the Euro compared to the US dollar.

CORPORATE

Corporate  R&D  expenses  year  ended  December  31,  2017  were
$1.7 million compared to $2.7 million for the year ended December
31, 2016. R&D expenses decreased due to a reduction in headcount
in Vancouver due to restructuring activities beginning in third quarter
of 2016.

Selling, General and
Administrative Expenses
2017/2016

The following table presents details of Sales and Marketing, General
and Administrative (“SG&A”) expense by segment, excluding equity
investees, for 2017 compared to 2016:

SELLING, GENERAL &
ADMINISTRATIVE

Years ended
Dec 31

2017

2016

Change

$

%

$ 43.4 $ 34.0 $

9.4

28 %

19.8

29.0

(9.2)

(32)%

$ 63.2 $ 63.0 $

0.2

0.3 %

(expressed in millions of U.S. dollars)

Transportation

Corporate

Total selling, general and
administrative

TRANSPORTATION

Transportation SG&A expenses for the year ended December 31,
2017  were  $43.4  million  compared  to  $34.0  million  for  the  year
ended December 31, 2016. For the year ended December 31, 2016,

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  21

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Results from Operations

total  Transportation  SG&A  expenses  only  includes  expenditures
associated with the Fuel Systems acquisition for the seven month
period since June 1, 2016. SG&A expense also increased in the
year ended December 31, 2017 due to the strong Euro as compared
to the prior year and an increase to the bonus accrual.

CORPORATE

Corporate SG&A expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017
were $19.8 million compared with $29.0 million for the year ended
December 31, 2016. The decrease is due to merger related costs
associated with the Fuel Systems acquisition in 2016 which did not
occur  in  2017  and  lower  salary  expense  due  to  restructuring
activities that took place in 2016. The decrease was offset by an
increase to the bonus accrual and a stronger Canadian dollar as
compared to the prior year.

Other Significant Expense and Income Items
for 2018, 2017 and 2016

RESTRUCTURING 

Restructuring expenses recognized for the year ended December
31, 2018 were $0.8 million compared to $1.7 million for the year
ended December 31, 2017. Restructuring costs incurred in 2018
related to charges from a reduction in workforce in Italy. For the
year  ended  December  31,  2017,  a  recovery  of  $4.1  million  was
recognized due to a change in estimate relating to the termination
of a lease commitment in Vancouver, Canada. This recovery was
fully offset by termination and other exit costs recorded for the year
ended  December  31,  2017  of  $5.8  million,  due  to  reductions  in
workforce in Canada, Italy and Argentina.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE GAINS & LOSSES

Foreign exchange gains and losses reflect net realized gains and
losses on foreign currency transactions and the net unrealized gains
and losses on our net U.S. dollar denominated monetary assets
and  liabilities  in  our  Canadian  operations  that  were  mainly
composed of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments,
accounts  receivable  and  accounts  payable.  In  addition,  the
Company has foreign exchange exposure on Euro denominated
monetary assets and liabilities where the functional currency of the
subsidiary is not the Euro. For the year ended December 31, 2018,
we recognized a net foreign exchange loss of $9.0 million primarily
due to fluctuations of the Euro and Canadian dollar relative to the
U.S. dollar during the year.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized a net foreign
exchange loss of $0.6 million with the movement in the Canadian
dollar and Euro relative to the U.S. dollar. This compares to a net
foreign exchange loss of $6.6 million for the year ended December
31, 2016.

DEPRECIATION & AMORTIZATION

22  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Depreciation and amortization for the years ended December 31,
2018,  December  31,  2017,  and  December  31,  2016  were  $16.5
million, $14.7 million, and $15.3 million, respectively. The amount
included in cost of revenue for the same periods were $7.7 million,
$4.9 million and $4.2 million. The increase in 2018 over 2017 is due
to  the  depreciation  of  fixed  assets  related  to  the  Westport  HPDI
2.0TM  business,  launched  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2017,  and
recognized  for  the  full  year  in  2018.  The  decrease  in  the  total
depreciation and amortization expense for 2017 compared to 2016
was  due  to  a  decline  in  asset  purchases,  partially  offset  by  an
increase due to the acquisition of Fuel Systems.

INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS

Income from investments primarily relates to our 50% interest in
CWI, accounted for by the equity method. The Company has not
considered WWI a business segment since March 31, 2016 due to
the Company's reduced interest pursuant to a sale to the Cartesian
Entities.  See  note  8  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  for
more details.

INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS

(expressed in millions of U.S. dollars)

Years ended Dec 31
2016
2017
2018

CWI - 50% interest
WWI
Income from investments
accounted for by the equity method $ 22.7 $ 12.5 $

$ 22.7 $ 12.5 $

—

—

5.6
0.2

5.8

As a result of the U.S. tax reform substantially enacted in the fourth
quarter  of  2017,  CWI  recorded  a  deferred  tax  expense  of  $13.4
million  in  2017  which  reduced  income  from  investments  by  $6.7
million.

INTEREST ON LONG-TERM DEBT AND
AMORTIZATION OF DISCOUNT

INTEREST ON LONG-TERM DEBT &
AMORTIZATION OF DISCOUNT

(expressed in millions of U.S. dollars)

Years ended Dec 31
2016
2017
2018

Interest expense on long-term debt

$

4.2 $

6.1 $

6.7

Royalty payable accretion expense and
finance charge from prepayment

4.9

8.4

4.1

Total interest on long-term debt

$

9.1 $ 14.5 $ 10.8

Interest on our long-term debt and accretion on our royalty payable
for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $9.1 million, a  decrease
of $5.4 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2017.
Interest on long-term debt decreased from $6.1 million in 2017 to
$4.2  million  in  2018  due  to  a  net  reduction  of  high  interest  debt
during 2017. In addition, our average long-term debt balance was
lower  during  2018  than  2017.  Accretion  and  finance  charges
associated with the royalty payable decreased from 2017, due to
an additional finance charge of $5.2 million in 2017 created by early

extinguishment of a portion of the royalty payable on the completion
of the sale of the Industrial business segment. This compared to an
additional finance charge of $0.8 million in 2018 created by early
extinguishment of a portion of the royalty payable on the sale of the
CNG Compressor business.

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 was
$2.1 million and was primarily related to taxes payable in our Italian
operations. This compared to an income tax recovery of $4.4 million
for the year ended December 31, 2017 and an income tax expense
of $3.9 million for year ended December 31, 2016.

The tax recovery for 2017 relates to the use of tax losses to offset
the tax expense related to the gain on sale of Industrial assets. The
tax expense for 2016 primarily relates to taxes on the disposition
of a portion of our Weichai investment, a valuation allowance taken
against  deferred  tax  assets,  and  taxes  in  certain  profitable
jurisdictions (Canada/The Netherlands).

DISCOUNTED OPERATIONS

Discontinued  operations,  as  discussed  in  note  6  in  the  2018
consolidated financial statements, the CNG Compressor business
was sold during the year ended December 31, 2018, which resulted
in a net gain on sale of $9.9 million. The assets and liabilities of the
CNG  Compressor  business  were  accounted  as  held  for  sale
effective from the second quarter of 2018. During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company recognized a net gain on sale
of assets of $58.3 million due to the sale of substantially all of the
Industrial business segment. An additional gain of $0.8 million was
recorded on this sale in the second quarter of 2018.

Capital Requirements,
Resources
and Liquidity

This  “Capital  Requirements,  Resources  and  Liquidity”  section
contains  certain  forward-looking  statements.  By  their  nature,
forward-looking statements require us to make assumptions and
are  subject  to  inherent  risks  and  uncertainties.  Readers  are
encouraged to read the “Forward Looking Statements” and “Basis
of Presentation” sections of this MD&A, which discusses forward-
looking  statements  and  the  “Business  Risks  and  Uncertainties”
section of this MD&A and of our AIF.

Our cash and cash position has decreased by $10.7 million during
2018 to $61.1 million from $71.8 million at December 31, 2017. The
decrease  is  primarily  the  result  of  operating  losses  (including
increased  legal  expenses)  and  debt  and  royalty  repayments,
partially  offset  by  cash  proceeds  from  the  sale  of  the  CNG
Compressor  business  and  dividends  from  CWI.  Cash  and  cash
equivalents  consist  of  guaranteed  investment  certificates,  term

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Results from Operations

deposits and bankers acceptances with maturities of 90 days or
less when acquired, and restricted cash.

the  MD&A) 

The  Company  continues  to  work  towards  its  goals  of  increasing
revenues and reducing expenditures, which has improved results
from operations and operating cash flows in 2017 and 2018, and
this  improvement  in  operating  results  is  expected  to  continue  in
2019.  In particular, the commercial launch of Westport HPDI 2.0™
in  2018  has  allowed  the  Company  to  significantly  reduce
engineering  and  development  spend  and  the  associated  capital
expenditures  on  this  product  and  this  reduction  has  improved
current and forecasted future cash flows. In addition, while the legal
fees  related  to  the  SEC  investigation  that  began  in  2017  (see
Regulatory  Compliance  section  of 
increased
significantly  in  2018,  we  anticipate  these  legal  expenditures  to
decrease in 2019.  However, since the possible outcomes of this
proceeding  remain  uncertain  at  this  time,  it  is  also  necessary  to
acknowledge  that  any  final  determination  that  the  Company’s
operations or activities are not, or were not, in compliance with the
FCPA and/or other U.S. securities laws could result in significant
civil  and  criminal  financial  penalties  and  other  sanctions,  which
could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition.
Lastly,  the  Company  continues  to  examine  non-core  assets  to
determine  whether  it  is  in  the  best  interest  of  the  Company  to
monetize assets or to continue to hold and invest in these assets.
Connected with this activity of assessing its non-core assets, on
July 25, 2018 the Company closed the sale of its CNG Compressor
business announced in the second quarter of 2018, which resulted
in gross proceeds of approximately $14.7 million.

Based  on  currently  known  conditions  and  events,  management
believes that the cash on hand as of December 31, 2018 and the
improvements to the operations expected in 2019 will provide the
cash flow necessary to fund the operations over the next year to
March 31, 2020. The ability of the Company to continue as a going
concern beyond one year will be dependent on its ability to generate
positive results from operations and cash flows. If, as a result of
future events, the Company was to determine it was no longer able
to continue as a going concern, significant adjustments would be
required  to  the  carrying  value  of  its  assets  and  liabilities  in  the
accompanying financial statements and the adjustments could be
material. See the "Business Overview and General Developments"
section in the MD&A for further discussion on liquidity and going
concern.

Cash Flow from
Operating Activities

We prepare our statement of cash flows using the indirect method.
Under  this  method,  we  reconcile  net  loss  to  cash  flows  from
operating activities by adjusting net loss for those items that impact
net  loss  but  may  not  result  in  actual  cash  receipts  or  payments
during the period. These reconciling items include but are not limited
to  depreciation  and  amortization,  stock-based  compensation
from
expense,  unrealized 

foreign  exchange  gain, 

income 

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  23

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Capital Requirements, Resources & Liquidity

investments  accounted  for  by  the  equity  method,  provisions  for
inventory  reserves  and  doubtful  accounts,  and  changes  in  the
consolidated balance sheet for working capital from the beginning
to the end of the period.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, our net cash flow used in
operating  activities  in  continuing  operations  was  $27.4  million,  a
decrease  of  $22.1  million  from  net  cash  flow  used  in  operating
activities in the year ended December 31, 2017. The improvement
in cash flow from operating activities is primarily due to improved
operations and working capital management, offset by higher legal
expenses in 2018.

Cash Flow from
Investing Activities

Our net cash from investing activities consisted primarily of cash
acquired  through  dividends  received  from  joint  ventures  and  the
sale of assets and investments, offset by purchases of property,
plant and equipment (“PP&E”).

For the year ended December 31, 2018, our net cash flows received
from investing activities of continuing operations was $19.9 million
compared to cash used of $8.7 million for the year ended December
31, 2017. As a result of the launch of Westport HPDI 2.0 in late
2017,  lower  capital  expenditures  were  required  during  2018.  In
addition, dividends from CWI increased by $6.6 million from $16.6
million in 2017 to $23.2 million in 2018.

Cash Flow from
Financing Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company's net cash
used in financing activities was $8.1 million, a decrease of  $6.2
million compared to the year ended December 31, 2017. During
2018, the Company repaid royalty payable of $3.0 million and other
debts of $3.0 million. In 2017, the Company repaid subordinate debt
of $44.8 million and royalty payable of $11.5 million. These 2017
repayments  were  offset  by  proceeds  of  $26.0  million  from  the
issuance of shares.

Cash Flow from
Discontinued Operations

For the year ended December 31, 2018, our net cash flows from
discontinued operations was $12.6 million, which primarily reflects
the  proceeds  received  from  the  sale  of  the  CNG  Compressor
business.

Contractual Obligations
and Commitments

24  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

CONTRACTUAL CASH FLOWS
1-3
yrs

(expressed in millions of
U.S. dollars)

Contractual
Carrying
Cash
Amount
Flows
$82.9 $82.9

> 5
< 1yr
yrs
$82.9 $— $— $—

4-5
yrs

Accounts payable
and accrued
liabilities

Long-term debt,
principal1

Long-term debt,
interest1

Long-term royalty
payable2

Operating lease
commitments

55.3

55.3

10.3

39.2 5.8 —

—

10.1

4.2

5.4

0.5 —

20.9

32.3

6.1

13.2 6.2

6.8

—

8.3

3.6

3.5

1.2 —

$159.1 $189.0

$107.1 $61.1 $13.7 $6.8

1.

For details of our long-term debt, principal and interest, see note 14 of
the  consolidated  financial  statements.  To  the  extent  that  our
outstanding debt bears interest at floating rates, contractual cash flows
for interest have been calculated based on interest rates at December
31, 2018.

2.

For  details  of  our  long-term  royalty  payable,  see  note  15  of  the
consolidated financial statements.

Shares Outstanding

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  the  weighted  average
number  of  shares  used  in  calculating  the  loss  per  share  was
132,371,396.  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  we
granted 1,009,230 RSUs. The Common Shares, share options and
Share Units outstanding and exercisable as at the following dates
are shown below:

SHARES OUTSTANDING
Dec 31, 2018

(weighted average exercise prices
are presented in Canadian dollars)

Common Shares
outstanding

Share Units

  Outstanding

  Exercisable

Mar 18, 2019

Shares / units WAEP Shares / units WAEP

133,380,899

133,491,669

2,667,403

2,076,684

N/A

N/A

2,553,633

2,111,176

N/A

N/A

Critical Accounting
Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance
with  U.S.  GAAP,  which  requires  us  to  make  estimates  and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated
financial statements. We have identified several policies as critical
to  our  business  operations  and  in  understanding  our  results  of
operations.  These  policies,  which  require  the  use  of  judgment,
estimates and assumptions in determining their reported amounts,
include our warranty liability, revenue recognition, inventories, and

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Critical Accounting Policies & Estimates

property,  equipment,  furniture  and  leasehold  improvements. The
application of these and other accounting policies are described in
Note  3  of  our  calendar  year  2018  annual  consolidated  financial
statements. Actual amounts may vary significantly from estimates
used.

Warranty Liability

Estimated warranty costs are recognized at the time we sell our
products and included in cost of revenue. We use historical failure
rates and costs to repair product defects during the warranty period,
together  with  information  on  known  products  to  estimate  the
warranty liability. The ultimate amount payable and the timing will
depend  on  actual  failure  rates  and  the  actual  cost  to  repair.  We
review our warranty provision quarterly and record adjustments to
our assumptions based on the latest information available at that
time.  Since  a  number  of  our  products  are  new  in  the  market,
historical  data  may  not  necessarily  reflect  actual  costs  to  be
incurred, and this exposes the Company to potentially significant
fluctuations  in  liabilities  and  our  statement  of  operations.  New
product launches require a greater use of judgment in developing
estimates  until  claims  experience  becomes  available.   Product
specific experience is typically available four or five quarters after
product launch, with a clear experience trend not evident until eight
to  twelve  quarters  after  launch.   We  generally  record  warranty
expense for new products upon shipment using a factor based upon
historical experience from previous engine generations in the first
year,  a  blend  of  actual  product  and  historical  experience  in  the
second  year  and  product  specific  experience 
thereafter.
Adjustments  to  and  estimated  future  direct  warranty  costs  are
accrued  and  charged  to  cost  of  revenue  in  the  period  when  the
related revenues are recognized while indirect warranty overhead
salaries and related costs are charged to cost of revenue in the
period incurred.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB")
issued Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue
from Contracts with Customers, a new accounting standard related
to revenue recognition. ASC 606 supersedes nearly all U.S. GAAP
on revenue recognition and eliminated industry-specific guidance.
The underlying principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenue when
a  customer  obtains  control  of  promised  goods  or  services  at  an
amount  that  reflects  the  consideration  that  is  expected  to  be
received in exchange for those goods or services. At the beginning
of the first quarter of 2018, we adopted ASC 606 using the modified
retrospective method. There was no material financial impact to our
adoption of ASC 606.

The  Company  generates  revenues  primarily  from  product  sales.
Product revenues are derived primarily from standard product sales
contracts and from long-term fixed price contracts. Under ASC 606,
revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of the goods
or services. Determining the timing of the transfer of control, at a

point in time or over time, requires judgment. On standard product
sales contracts, revenues are recognized when customers obtain
control of the product, that is when transfer of title and risks and
rewards of ownership of goods have passed and when obligation
to pay is considered certain. Invoices are generated and revenue
is  recognized  at  that  point  in  time.  Provisions  for  warranties  are
made at the time of sale.

Inventories

The Company’s inventories consist of the Company’s fuel system
products (finished goods), work-in-progress, purchased parts and
assembled parts. Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost and
net  realizable  value.   Cost  is  determined  based  on  the  lower  of
weighted average cost or first-in, first-out and net realizable value.
The cost of fuel system product inventories, assembled parts and
work-in-progress 
labour  and  production
overhead including depreciation.  The Company provides inventory
write-downs based on excess and obsolete inventories determined
primarily  by  future  demand  forecasts.  In  addition,  the  Company
records  a  liability  for  firm,  noncancelable,  and  unconditional
purchase commitments with manufacturers for quantities in excess
of  the  Company’s  future  demand  forecast  consistent  with  its
valuation of excess and obsolete inventory.

includes  materials, 

Property, Plant and Equipment
and Intangible Assets

We consider whether or not there has been an impairment in our
long-lived  assets,  such  as  equipment,  furniture  and  leasehold
improvements and intangible assets, whenever events or changes
in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may
not  be  recoverable.  If  such  assets  are  not  recoverable,  we  are
required to write down the assets to fair value. When quoted market
values are not available, we use the expected future cash flows
discounted at a rate commensurate with the risks associated with
the recovery of the asset as an estimate of fair value to determine
whether or not a write down is required.

Impairment of Property,
Plant and Equipment

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded
an  impairment  charge  of  $0.7  million.  The  impairment  resulted
primarily  from  the  write-down  of  tooling  equipment  and  was
recorded in the Transportation segment.

The  Company  has  significant  investments  in  property,  plant  and
equipment related to its Westport HPDI 2.0™ business. The HPDI
business is at the early stages of commercialization, and, as a result,
is  currently  generating  losses.  Based  on  the  Company's  current
projections, meaningful increases in component sales, compared
to 2018 levels, are expected, allowing the HPDI business to benefit
from  economies  of  scale  and  become  profitable.  This  growth  in

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  25

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Critical Accounting Policies & Estimates

volumes in 2019 and future years is expected through sales with
our initial launch partner, our supply arrangement with WWI, and
the possibility of additional OEMs entering into supply agreements
for our HPDI technology. If these assumptions are not realized, the
Company may be required to record an impairment on these assets
in future periods.

Intangible Assets

Based  on  the  revenue  and  operating  results,  the  Company
concluded that there were no impairment indicators as of November
30,  2018  for  the  intangible  assets.  Therefore,  no  impairment  on
intangible assets was recorded as at December 31, 2018.

New Accounting
Pronouncements and
Developments

New accounting pronouncements
adopted in 2018

REVENUE 

In  May  2014,  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“FASB”)
issued ASU  2014-09,  Revenue  From  Contracts  With  Customers
(“Topic  606”).  The  Company  adopted  the  guidance  using  the
modified  retrospective  method  as  at  January  1,  2018  with  no
material  impact  to  the  financial  statements. The  adoption  of  this
standard  did  not  result  in  any  impact  on  previously  reported
amounts. In accordance with he standard, additional disclosures
have been provided.

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (TOPIC
230): CLASSIFICATION OF CERTAIN
CASH RECEIPTS AND CASH PAYMENTS

In August  2016,  the  FASB  issued ASU  2016-15,  which  provides
cash flow classification guidance on eight specific cash flow issues
to reduce diversity in practice for which authoritative guidance did
not  previously  exist.  The  Company  adopted  this  standard  on
January 1, 2018 with no material impact to the Company's financial
statements.

New accounting pronouncements
to be adopted in 2019

LEASES (TOPIC 842):

26  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, which increases
transparency  and  comparability  among  organizations  by
recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet
and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU
2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after
December  15,  2018,  and  interim  periods  with  early  adoption
permitted.  The  Company's  future  minimum  lease  payments  at
December 31, 2018 under operating leases are disclosed in note
21(a).  The  Company  is  finalizing  its  implementation  of  this  new
standard  and  will  use  the  modified  retrospective  method  as  at
January  1,  2019.  The  Company's  significant  leases  relate  to  its
leasing of operating premises. 

Regulatory Compliance

As disclosed in the Company’s previous management discussion
and analysis filings, on June 15, 2017, the Enforcement Division of
the  SEC  issued  a  subpoena  to  Westport  Fuel  Systems  for
information concerning its investment in Weichai Westport Inc. and
compliance with the FCPA and securities laws related to disclosure
in  SEC  filings  in  connection  with  the  Westport  Fuel  Systems
operations in China.  The SEC Enforcement Division issued follow
up subpoenas on February 14, 2018, June 25, 2018, and August
2,  2018.  The  company  has  completed  its  response  to  those
subpoenas. No new subpoenas have been received since August
2, 2018. Westport Fuel Systems is cooperating with these requests
and cannot predict the duration, scope or outcome of the SEC's
investigation. To date our management has devoted significant time
and attention to these matters, and we may be required to devote
even more time, attention and financial resources to these matters
in  the  future.  The  SEC’s  investigation  and  our  requirements  in
response  thereto  could  have  a  material  adverse  impact  on  our
results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows.
While we cannot estimate our potential exposure, if any, in these
matters at this time, we have already expended significant amounts
investigating and responding to the subpoenas in respect of this
investigation, including funding the expense of independent legal
representation, and expect to continue to need to expend significant
amounts to conclude the SEC investigation. During the year ended
December  31,  2018,  we  recorded  expenses  related  to  the  SEC
investigation of $10.0 million, net of expected insurance recoveries,
and to date have recorded aggregate net expenses related to such
investigation of $11.8 million. Although we maintain insurance that
may cover some of these expenses, and we have given notice to
our insurers of the matter, there is a risk that a substantial portion
of the overall expenses and costs relating to such SEC investigation
will  not  be  covered  by  such  policies.  In  the  event  of  future
proceedings  arising  out  of  the  SEC  investigation,  to  the  extent
covered,  our  ultimate  liability  may  possibly  exceed  the  available
insurance.

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Disclosure Controls & Procedures

Disclosure Controls
and Procedures and
Internal Controls Over
Financial Reporting

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls
and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15
(e)  and  15d-15(e)  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as
amended (“Exchange Act”), are designed to provide reasonable
assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports
that  we  file  or  submit  under  the  Exchange  Act  is  recorded,
processed,  summarized  and  reported  within  the  time  periods
specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information
is accumulated and communicated to our management, including
our  Chief  Executive  Officer  (“CEO”)  and  Chief  Financial  Officer
(“CFO”) (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer,
respectively),  as  appropriate  to  allow  timely  decisions  regarding
required disclosures. As of the end of the period covered by this
report,  we  evaluated,  under  the  supervision  and  with  the
participation  of  management,  including  our  CEO  and  CFO,  the
effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls
and procedures.

Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that
as of December 31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures
were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Management's Report on Internal
Control Over Financial Reporting
The Company's management is responsible for establishing and
maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as
such  term  is  defined  in  Rule  13a-15(f)  and  15d-15(f)  under  the
Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting is a process
designed by, or under the supervision of, our CEO and CFO and
effected by the Company’s board of directors, management, and
other  personnel,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s
consolidated financial statements for external reporting purposes
in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the requirements of the SEC,
as applicable. There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility that
misstatements may not be prevented or detected.

Because of these inherent limitations internal control systems, no
matter  how  well  designed  and  operated,  can  provide  only
reasonable,  not  absolute,  assurance  that  the  control  system’s
objectives will be met, and no evaluation of controls can provide
absolute assurance that all control issues have been detected. The

design  of  any  system  of  controls  is  based  in  part  on  certain
assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can
be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated
goals under potential future conditions, regardless of how remote.
Therefore,  even  those  systems  determined  to  be  effective  can
provide  only  reasonable  assurance  with  respect  to  financial
statement preparation and presentation.  

Management,  including  the  CEO  and  CFO,  has  evaluated  the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, based
on  the  criteria  in  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  (2013)
issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the
Treadway  Commission  (“COSO”).  Based  on  this  evaluation,
management has determined that our internal control over financial
reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, there were no changes
to  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  materially
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal
controls over financial reporting.

KPMG  LLP  ("KPMG"),  our 
independent  registered  public
accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements
and  expressed  an  unqualified  opinion  thereon.  KPMG  has  also
expressed an unqualified opinion on the effective operation of our
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.
KPMG's  audit  report  on  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over
financial  reporting  is  included  in  the  consolidated  financial
statements of this filing.

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  27

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Summary of Quarterly Results

Summary of Quarterly Results and Discussion of the Quarter
Ended December 31, 2018

Our revenues and operating results can vary significantly from quarter to quarter depending on factors such as the timing of product deliveries,
product  mix,  product  launch  dates,  research  and  development  project  cycles,  timing  of  related  government  funding,  impairment  charges,
restructuring charges, stock-based compensation awards and foreign exchange impacts. Net loss has and can vary significantly from one
quarter to another depending on operating results, gains and losses from investing activities, recognition of tax benefits and other similar events.

The Company has modified information from all prior quarters to exclude the financial results of the CNG Compressor business which has
been  recorded  as  discontinued  operations  with  effect  from  the  second  quarter  of  2018. The  following  table  provides  summary  unaudited
consolidated financial data for our last eight quarters:

SELECTED CONSOLIDATED QUARTERLY OPERATIONS DATA(

expressed in millions of United States
dollars (except for per share amounts)

2017

2018

Three months ended:

Mar 31

Jun 30(1)

Sep 30

Dec 31(2)

Mar 31

Jun 30

Sep 30(3)

Dec 31

Total revenue

Cost of product and parts revenue

Gross margin

Gross margin percentage

Net loss from continuing operations

Net income (loss) for the period
EBITDA[4]
Adjusted EBITDA[5]

Earnings (loss) per share

Basic

Diluted

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

CWI net income attributable to the Company $

57.3

$

58.6

$

56.4

$

57.5

$

63.8

$

80.5

$

65.5

$

39.9

43.4

42.7

43.5

49.2

58.8

49.9

17.4

$

15.2

$

13.7

$

14.0

$

14.6

$

21.7

$

15.6

$

60.5

48.2

12.3

30.4%

25.9%

24.3%

24.3%

22.9%

27.0%

23.8%

20.3%

(12.5) $

(13.4) $

(16.2) $

(20.8) $

(12.6) $

(5.7) $

(12.1) $

(10.4)

(12.5) $

32.3

$

(15.6) $

(14.2) $

(14.2) $

(4.9) $

(6.3) $

(3.9) $

(7.5) $

(11.1) $

(14.3) $

(5.3) $

(5.6) $

(4.9) $

(5.4) $

(3.4) $

0.2

8.6

$

$

(3.2) $

(3.0) $

4.3

$

(0.11) $

(0.12) $

(0.15) $

(0.14) $

(0.10) $

(0.04) $

(0.09) $

(0.11) $

1.8

$

0.29

5.3

$

$

(0.14) $

(0.14) $

(0.11) $

(0.04) $

(0.02) $

5.8

$

(0.4) $

1.5

$

7.8

$

7.7

$

(9.2)

(5.3)

0.2

(0.08)

(0.07)

5.7

1. During the second quarter of 2017, the Company completed the sale of non-core assets from its Industrial business unit and recognized a gain on sale of

assets in discontinued operations of $58.3 million.

2. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the CWI recorded a tax charge of $13.4 million due to the US tax reform. This reduced the Company's income from
investments by $6.7 million. Excluding this tax charge, the net loss from continuing operations would have been $14.1 million and the net loss for the period
would have been $7.5 million.

3. During the third quarter of 2018, the Company completed the sale of the CNG Compressor business and recognized a gain on sale of assets in discontinued

operations of $9.9 million.

4.

5.

The term EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) does not have a standardized meaning according to U.S. GAAP. See
non-GAAP measures for more information.

The term Adjusted EBITDA is not defined under U.S. GAAP and is not a measure of operating income, operating performance or liquidity presented in
accordance with U.S. GAAP. Westport Fuel Systems defines Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA adjusted for amortization of stock-based compensation, unrealized
foreign exchange gain or loss, and non-cash and other adjustments that the Company deems to be non-recurring in nature. See non-GAAP measures for
more information.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2018 & 2017

Our total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2018 was $60.5 million, an increase of $3.0 million, or 5.2%, from $57.5 million
for the three months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in revenue was primarily a result of higher sales of the Company's HPDI product.

Our consolidated net loss for the three months ended December 31, 2018 was $9.2 million, or a loss of $0.08 per share compared to a net
loss of $14.2 million, or a loss of $0.14 per share, for the three months ended December 31, 2017. The decrease in net loss primarily relates
to higher gross margin, lower operating costs and an increase in investment income from our CWI joint venture, offset by unrealized foreign
exchange losses and higher legal expenses in 2018.

Non-GAAP Measures

28  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Management's Discussion and Analysis  |  Summary of Quarterly Results

We  use  certain  non-GAAP  measures  to  assist  in  assessing  our
financial  performance.  Non-GAAP  measures  do  not  have  any
standardized meaning prescribed in U.S. GAAP and are therefore
unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other
companies.

EBITDA

The term EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and
amortization)  is  a  non-GAAP  financial  measure.  The  Company
defines  EBITDA  as  net  loss  from  continuing  operations  before
income taxes adjusted for interest expense (net) and depreciation
and amortization.

Management  believes  that  EBITDA  is  an  important  indicator
commonly reported and widely used by investors and analysts as
an indicator of the Company’s operating performance. The intent
is to provide additional useful information to investors and analysts
and such measures do not have any standardized meaning under
U.S. GAAP. These measures should not be considered in isolation
or  as  a  substitute  for  measures  of  performance  prepared  in
accordance  with  U.S.  GAAP.  Other  issuers  may  define  EBITDA
differently.

QUARTERLY EBITDA DATA

2017

2018

Three months
ended:

Mar
31

Jun
30

Sep
30

Dec
31

Mar
31

Jun
30

Sep
30

Dec
31

Loss before
income taxes

Interest Expense,
net[1]

Depreciation and
amortization

$(13.3) $(17.3) $(15.8) $(20.7) $(11.7) $ (5.6) $ (9.5) $(11.9)

3.4

6.3

0.9

2.5

2.1

1.7

2.3

2.6

3.6

3.5

3.8

3.9

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.0

EBITDA

$ (6.3) $ (7.5) $(11.1) $(14.3) $ (5.4) $ 0.2 $ (3.0) $ (5.3)

1.

Interest expense, net is calculated as interest and other income, net
of bank charges and interest on long-term debt and other payables
and amortization of discount.

EBITDA decreased by $2.3 million from a loss of $3.0 million for
the  three  months  ended  September  30,  2018  to  a  loss  of    $5.3
million in the three months ended December 31, 2018 primarily due
to lower gross margin and lower CWI net income attributed to the
Company.

Adjusted EBITDA

The term Adjusted EBITDA is not defined under U.S. GAAP and is
not  a  measure  of  operating  income,  operating  performance  or
liquidity presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Adjusted  EBITDA  is  used  by  management  to  review  operational
progress  of  its  business  units  and  investment  programs  over
successive  periods  and  as  a  long-term  indicator  of  operational
performance  since  it  ties  closely  to  the  unit’s  ability  to  generate
sustained cash flows.

Westport Fuel Systems defines Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA from
continuing  operations  adjusted  for  stock-based  compensation,
unrealized  foreign  exchange  gains  or  losses,  and  non-cash  and
other adjustments. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical
tool, and when assessing the Company’s operating performance,
investors should not consider Adjusted EBITDA in isolation, or as
a  substitute  for  net  loss  or  other  consolidated  statement  of
operations data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Among
other  things,  Adjusted  EBITDA  does  not  reflect  the  Company’s
actual cash expenditures. Other companies may calculate similar
measures  differently  than  Westport  Fuel  Systems,  limiting  their
usefulness  as  comparative 
tools.  Westport  Fuel  Systems
compensates for these limitations by relying primarily on its U.S.
GAAP results.

QUARTERLY ADJUSTED EBITDA
2018

2017

Three months ended:

EBITDA
Stock based
Unrealized foreign
exchange (gain) loss
Asset impairment
Restructuring,
CWI US tax
Legal costs associated
Other
Adjusted EBITDA

Mar
31

Jun
30

Sep
30

Dec
31

Mar
31

Jun
30

Sep
30

Dec
31

$(6.3) $(7.5) $(11.
1
2.1

3.1

1.1

) $(14.
3
0.7

) $(5.4) $ 0.2 $(3.0) $(5.3)

0.3

1.4

0.6

0.7

2.5

(1.3) — 5.2

2.2

1.6

1.0

—

(1.6)

—

1.6

—

—

— 0.6

(1.6)

(0.1)

1.8

—

— 6.7

— 0.9

0.9

—

0.6

—

0.9

—

0.2

—

2.5

1.3

(0.3)

0.1

— 0.2

(0.9)

— 0.6

—

—

3.5

1.0

—

—

3.1

(0.5)

$(3.9) $(5.3) $(5.6) $(4.9) $(3.4) $ 8.6 $ 4.3 $ 0.2

Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $4.1 million from $4.3 million for
the three months ended September 30, 2018 to  $0.2 million in the
three  months  ended  December  31,  2018  primarily  due  to  lower
gross margin and lower CWI net income attributed to the Company.

Business Risks and
Uncertainties

An  investment  in  our  business  involves  risk  and  readers  should
carefully consider the risks described in our AIF and other filings on
www.sedar.com and www.sec.gov. Our ability to generate revenue
and  profit  from  our  technologies  is  dependent  on  a  number  of
factors, and the risks discussed in our AIF, if they were to occur,
could have a material impact on our business, financial condition,
liquidity, results of operation or prospects. While we have attempted
to identify the primary known risks that are material to our business,
the risks and uncertainties discussed in our AIF may not be the only
ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties, including those
that  we  do  not  know  about  now  or  that  we  currently  believe  are
immaterial  may  also  adversely  affect  our  business,  financial
condition,  liquidity,  results  of  operation  or  prospects.  A  full
discussion of the risks impacting our business is contained in the
AIF for the year ended December 31, 2018 under the heading “Risk
Factors” and is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  29

Reports

Reports

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Westport Fuel Systems Inc. 

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Westport Fuel Systems Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and
2017, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of
the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our
opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31,
2018 and 2017, and its financial performance and its cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2018, in
conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the
Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated
Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated March 19, 2019,
expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in note 4 (a) to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its accounting policies for revenue as of January
1, 2018 due to the adoption of ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to
be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of
the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due
to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence
regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

KPMG LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, 

We have served as the Company's auditors since 2015.

Vancouver, Canada

March 19, 2019

30  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Reports

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Westport Fuel Systems Inc. 

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

We have audited Westport Fuel Systems Inc.’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on
criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission.  In  our  opinion,  the  Company  maintained,  in  all  material  respects,  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of
December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the
consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations and
comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018,
and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated March 19, 2019 expressed an unqualified
opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying ”Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over
Financial Reporting”. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance
with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of
internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that
a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk.
Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides
a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A
company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that,
in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance
that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and
directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any
evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or
that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

KPMG LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, 

Vancouver, Canada

March 19, 2019

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  31

Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except share amounts)

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017
(Adjusted, note 6)

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents (including $5,095 restricted cash, note 3c and note 14a)

$

61,119 $

Accounts receivable (note 7)

Inventories (note 8)

Prepaid expenses

Current assets held for sale (note 6)

Total current assets

Long-term investments (note 9)

Property, plant and equipment (note 10)

Intangible assets (note 11)

Deferred income tax assets (note 18b)

Goodwill (note 12)

Other long-term assets

Total assets

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (note 13)

Current portion of long-term debt (note 14)

Current portion of long-term royalty payable  (note 15)

Warranty liability (note 16)

Liabilities held for sale (note 6)

Total current liabilities

Long-term debt (note 14)

Long-term royalty payable (note 15)

Warranty liability (note 16)

Deferred income tax liabilities (note 18b)

Other long-term liabilities

Total long-term liabilities

Shareholders’ equity:

Share capital (note 17):

Authorized:

55,442

46,011

4,835

1,676

169,083

8,818

63,431

16,829

1,664

3,170

6,933

71,842

61,900

45,737

4,726

16,992

201,197

9,302

69,804

20,943

1,848

3,324

7,204

$

$

269,928 $

313,622

82,851 $

10,327

6,091

2,800

3,870

105,939

44,983

14,844

2,141

4,229

7,116

86,225

8,993

2,390

3,529

19,141

120,278

45,429

16,641

2,772

4,616

5,854

179,252

195,590

Unlimited common shares and preferred shares in series, no par value

Issued:

133,380,899 (2017 - 131,279,709) common shares issued

1,087,068

1,078,280

Other equity instruments

Additional paid in capital

Accumulated deficit

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Total shareholders' equity

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

Commitments and contingencies (note 20)

12,948

10,079

(998,361)

(21,058)

90,676

$

269,928 $

16,247

10,079

(966,869)

(19,705)

118,032

313,622

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

Approved on behalf of the Board

Brenda J. Eprile Director

Colin Johnston Director

32  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Financial Statements  |  Consolidated Statements of Operations & Comprehensive Income (Loss)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS & COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(LOSS)

 (expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except share amounts)

Product revenue

Cost of revenue and expenses:

Cost of revenue

Research and development

General and administrative

Sales and marketing

Restructuring costs

Foreign exchange (gain) loss

Depreciation and amortization (note 10 and note 11)

Impairments on long lived assets, net (note 10)

Loss from operations

Income from investments accounted for by the equity method

Interest on long-term debt and accretion on royalty payable

Bargain purchase gain from acquisition (note 5)

Interest and other income (expense), net of bank charges

Loss before income taxes

Income tax expense (recovery) (note 18):

Current

Deferred

Net loss from continuing operations

Net income from discontinued operations (note 6)

Net loss for the year

Other comprehensive income (loss):

Cumulative translation adjustment

Comprehensive gain (loss)

Income (loss) per share:

From continuing operations - basic and diluted

From discontinued operations - basic and diluted

Net loss per share

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

Basic and diluted

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

2018

Years ended Dec 31
2017
(Adjusted, note 6)

2016
(Adjusted, note 6)

$

270,283 $

229,833 $

167,181

206,059

30,619

51,075

15,923

808

8,957

8,824

736

323,001

(52,718)

22,728

(9,133)

—

465

169,552

50,133

47,399

15,817

1,682

562

9,826

1,550

296,521

(66,688)

12,514

(14,487)

—

1,377

(38,658)

(67,284)

3,950

(1,838)

2,112

(40,770)

9,278

(31,492)

(2,780)

(1,644)

(4,424)

(62,860)

52,881

(9,979)

$

$

$

$

(1,353)

(32,845) $

11,382

1,403 $

(0.31) $

0.07 $

(0.24) $

(0.52) $

0.44 $

(0.08) $

133,055

55,452

44,777

18,184

19,000

6,565

11,244

4,843

293,120

(125,939)

5,838

(10,773)

35,808

(1,656)

(96,722)

1,610

2,340

3,950

(100,672)

3,099

(97,573)

1,295

(96,278)

(1.10)

0.03

(1.07)

132,371,396

119,558,566

91,028,504

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  33

Financial Statements  |  Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(expressed in thousands of United States
dollars, except share amounts)

Common
shares
outstanding

Share capital

Other
equity
instruments

Additional
paid in
capital

Accumulated
deficit

Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)

Total
shareholders'
equity

January 1, 2016

63,380,819 $

937,029 $

16,460 $

9,837 $

(859,317) $

(32,382) $

71,627

Issuance of common shares:

On exercise of share units

845,491

In connection with acquisition

44,882,782

6,639

98,742

Beneficial conversion feature on
convertible debt

Stock-based compensation

Net loss for the year

Other comprehensive loss

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(6,639)

655

—

10,450

—

—

—

—

242

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(97,573)

—

December 31, 2016

110,109,092

1,042,410

20,926

10,079

(956,890)

Issuance of common shares:

On exercise of share units

2,045,617

9,917

(9,917)

On public offering, net of costs
incurred

19,125,000

25,953

Stock-based compensation

Net loss for the year

Other comprehensive loss

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

5,238

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(9,979)

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,295

(31,087)

—

—

—

—

11,382

—

99,397

242

10,450

(97,573)

1,295

85,438

—

25,953

5,238

(9,979)

11,382

December 31, 2017

131,279,709 $

1,078,280 $

16,247 $

10,079 $

(966,869) $

(19,705) $

118,032

Issuance of common shares:

On exercise of share units

2,101,190

8,788

Stock-based compensation

Net loss for the year

Other comprehensive income

—

—

—

—

—

—

(8,788)

5,489

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(31,492)

—

—

—

—

(1,353)

—

5,489

(31,492)

(1,353)

December 31, 2018

133,380,899 $

1,087,068 $

12,948 $

10,079 $

(998,361) $

(21,058) $

90,676

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

34  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

)

Consolidated Financial Statements | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(expressed in thousands of United States dollars)

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017
(Adjusted, note 6)

2016
(Adjusted, note 6)

$

(40,770) $

(62,860) $

(100,672)

Cash flows from (used in) operating activities:

Net loss for the year from continuing operations

Items not involving cash:

Depreciation and amortization

Stock-based compensation expense

Unrealized foreign exchange loss

Deferred income tax (recovery) expense

Income from investments accounted for by the equity method

Accretion of long-term debt and long-term royalty payable
Impairments on long lived assets, net

Inventory write-downs to net realizable value

Bargain purchase gain from acquisition

Change in fair value of derivative liability and bad debt expense

Restructuring obligations

Changes in non-cash operating working capital:

Accounts receivable

Inventories

Prepaid expenses

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Deferred revenue

Warranty liability

Net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations

Net cash from (used in) operating activities of discontinued operations

Cash flows from (used in) investing activities:

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Acquisitions, net of acquired cash (note 5)

Proceeds on sale of assets and investments

Dividends received from joint ventures

Proceeds received from holdbacks

Net cash from (used in) investing activities of continuing operations

Net cash from investing activities of discontinued operations

Cash flows from (used in) financing activities:

Drawings on operating lines of credit and long-term facilities

Repayment of operating lines of credit and long-term facilities

Proceeds from share issuance, net

Repayment of royalty payable

Issuance of convertible debt and royalty payable

Long-term asset securing debt

Net cash from (used in) financing activities of continuing operations

Effect of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

Less: cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations, end of year

Cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations, end of year

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

16,510

3,040

8,957

(1,838)

(22,728)

9,133

736

162

—

(433)

—

3,512

(78)

(170)

(1,367)

(851)

(1,252)

(27,437)

(1,435)

14,741

6,961

562

(1,644)

(12,514)

10,071

1,550

1,111

—

1,397

(14,187)

2,605

4,565

(93)

6,755

(2,143)

(6,330)

(49,453)

7,920

(10,273)

(25,288)

—

—

23,191

6,968

19,886

14,050

12,612

(15,616)

—

(3,009)

—

(2,129)

(8,142)

(7,645)

(10,723)

71,842

—

(85)

16,633

—

(8,740)

77,148

42,641

(71,387)

25,953

(11,467)

—

—

(14,260)

4,246

16,861

60,905

$

$

61,119 $

77,766 $

—

5,924

61,119 $

71,842 $

15,322

10,450

6,565

2,340

(5,838)

4,945

4,843

6,591

(35,808)

1,670

14,123

(4,930)

31,352

952

(22,836)

(4,974)

(5,855)

(81,760)

2,439

(8,654)

45,344

26,334

13,398

—

76,422

—

9,184

(12,789)

—

—

35,000

—

31,395

4,570

33,066

27,839

60,905

—

60,905

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  35

Consolidated Financial Statements | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOW INFORMATION
)

(expressed in thousands of United States dollars)

2018

Years ended Dec 31
2017

2016

Supplementary information:

Interest paid

Taxes paid, net of refunds

Non-cash transactions:

Shares issued for acquisitions

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements

1. Company Organization

and Operations

Westport  Fuel  Systems  Inc.  (the  “Company”)  was  incorporated
under the Business Corporations Act (Alberta) on March 20, 1995.
The  Company  engineers,  manufactures  and  supplies  alternative
fuel systems and components for use in transportation applications
on a global basis. The Company's components and systems control
the pressure and flow of gaseous alternative fuels, such as propane
and natural gas used in internal combustion engines.
2. Liquidity and Going Concern

In connection with preparing the consolidated financial statements
for  each  annual  and  interim  reporting  period  management  is
required  to  evaluate  whether  there  are  conditions  or  events,
considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year
after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued.
Substantial doubt exists when conditions and events, considered
in the aggregate, indicate that it is probable that the Company will
be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one
year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are
issued. This evaluation initially does not take into consideration the
potential mitigating effect of management’s plans that have not been
fully  implemented  as  of  the  date  that  the  consolidated  financial
substantial  doubt  exists,
statements are 
management evaluates whether the mitigating effect of its plans
sufficiently alleviates substantial doubt about the Company’s ability
to  continue  as  a  going  concern.  The  mitigating  effect  of
management’s plans, however, is only considered if both (1) it is
probable that the plans will be effectively implemented within one
year after the date that the financial statements are issued, and (2)
it is probable that the plans, when implemented, will mitigate the
relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the
entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after
the  date  that  the  consolidated  financial  statements  are  issued.
to  be  considered  probable  of  being  effectively
Generally, 

issued.  When 

36  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

$

4,039 $

540

4,416 $

722

4,339

2,479

—

—

98,742

implemented, the plans must have been approved before the date
that the consolidated financial statements are issued.

At this time Management's evaluation has concluded that there are
no known or currently foreseeable conditions or events that raise
substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going
concern within one year after the date these consolidated financial
statements were issued. These consolidated financial statements
have therefore been prepared on the basis that the Company will
continue as a going concern.

At  December 31,  2018,  the  Company's  net  working  capital  was
$63,144 (2017 - $80,919) including cash and cash equivalents of
$61,119  (2017  -  $71,842),  and  its  long-term  debt,  including  the
royalty payable, was $76,245, of which $16,418 matures in 2019.
The Company has incurred a loss from continuing operations of
$40,770 (2017 - $62,860) and negative cash flows from continuing
operating activities of $27,437 (2017 - $49,453) for the year ended
December 31 ,2018, and has accumulated a deficit of $998,361
since inception.

The  Company  continues  to  work  towards  its  goals  of  increasing
revenues and reducing expenditures, which has improved results
from operations and operating cash flows in 2017 and 2018, and
this  improvement  in  operating  results  is  expected  to  continue  in
2019. In particular, the commercial launch of Westport HPDI 2.0™
in  2018  has  allowed  the  Company  to  significantly  reduce
engineering  and  development  spend  and  the  associated  capital
expenditures  on  this  product  and  this  reduction  has  improved
current and forecasted future cash flows. In addition, while the legal
fees related to the Securities Exchange and Commission ("SEC")
investigation  that  began  in  2017  (see  note  20(b))  increased
significantly  in  2018,  we  anticipate  these  legal  expenditures  to
decrease in 2019. However, since the possible outcomes of this
proceeding  remain  uncertain  at  this  time,  it  is  also  necessary  to
acknowledge  that  any  final  determination  that  the  Company’s
operations or activities are not, or were not, in compliance with the
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA") and/or other U.S. securities
laws could result in significant civil and criminal financial penalties
and other sanctions, which could have a material adverse impact
on  our  financial  condition.  Lastly,  the  Company  continues  to
examine  non-core  assets  to  determine  whether  it  is  in  the  best
interest of the Company to monetize assets or to continue to hold
and invest in these assets. Connected with this activity of assessing
its non-core assets, on July 25, 2018 the Company closed the sale

of its CNG Compressor business announced in the second quarter
of 2018, which resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $14,729.

Based  on  currently  known  conditions  and  events,  management
believes  that  the  cash  on  hand  at  December 31,  2018  and  the
improvements to the operations expected for 2019 will provide the
cash flow necessary to fund operations over the period from March
2019 to March 31, 2020. The ability of the Company to continue as
a  going  concern  beyond  one  year  will  be  dependent  on  the
Company's ability to generate positive results from operations and
cash  flows.  If,  as  a  result  of  future  events,  the  Company  was  to
determine it was no longer able to continue as a going concern,
significant adjustments would be required to the carrying value of
its assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and
the adjustments could be material.

3. Significant Accounting Policies

A. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the
Company  and  its  subsidiaries. All  intercompany  balances  and
transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

These  consolidated 
in
accordance  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the
United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

financial  statements  are  presented 

Cartesian Capital Group is a global private equity firm based in New
York  that  has  investments  in  the  Company.  Various  Cartesian
entities are associated with these investments including Pangaea
Two Management, LP; Pangaea Two Acquisition Holdings XIV, LLC;
Pangaea Two Acquisition Holdings Parallel XIV, LLC. Collectively,
these entities will be referred to as “Cartesian”.  In addition, Peter
Yu, the founder and managing partner of Cartesian, was elected as
a Director of the Company in January 2016. See notes 9b, 14c and
15 for additional details of Cartesian’s investments in the Company.

B. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

The Company’s functional currency is in the Canadian dollar and
its  reporting  currency  for  its  consolidated  financial  statement
presentation is the United States dollar.  The functional currencies
for the Company's subsidiaries include the following: United States,
Canadian  ("CDN")  and Australian  dollars,  Euro, Argentina  Peso,
Chinese  Renminbi  (“RMB”),  Swedish  Krona,  and  Indian  Rupee.
The  Company  translates  assets  and  liabilities  of  non-U.S.  dollar
functional  currency  operations  using  the  period  end  exchange
rates,  shareholders’  equity  balances  using  historical  exchange
rates, and revenues and expenses using the monthly average rate
for the period with the resulting exchange differences recognized
in other comprehensive income.

Transactions  that  are  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  the
functional currency of the Company’s operations or its subsidiaries
are translated at the rate in effect on the date of the transaction.

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  2. Liquidity and Going Concern

Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are
translated to the applicable functional currency at the exchange rate
in  effect  on  the  balance  sheet  date.  Non-monetary  assets  and
liabilities are translated at the historical exchange rate. All foreign
exchange  gains  and  losses  are  recognized  in  the  statement  of
operations, except for the translation gains and losses arising from
available-for-sale  instruments,  which  are  recorded  through  other
through  disposal  or
comprehensive 
impairment.

income  until 

realized 

As  at  June  30,  2018,  the  Company  concluded  that  Argentina's
economy  is  highly  inflationary.  As  a  result,  the  Company
remeasured the financial statements of the Argentinian subsidiary
in the Company's reporting currency beginning July 1, 2018.

Except  as  otherwise  noted,  all  amounts  in  these  financial
statements  are  presented  in  U.S.  dollars.    For  the  periods
presented, the Company used the following exchange rates:

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES

Year end
exchange rate

Avg. for yr. ended

2018

2017

2018

2017

2016 

0.73

0.70

1.14

0.03

0.15

0.11

0.80

0.78

1.20

0.06

0.15

0.12

0.77

0.75

1.18

0.04

0.15

0.12

0.77

0.77

1.13

0.06

0.15

0.12

0.76

0.74

1.11

0.07

0.15

0.12

Canadian dollar

Australian dollar

Euro

Argentina Peso

RMB

Swedish Krona

Indian Rupee

0.0143

0.0157

0.0156

0.0154

0.0150

C. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash, term deposits, bankers
acceptances and guaranteed investment certificates with maturities
of  ninety  days  or  less  when  acquired.   Cash  equivalents  are
considered  as  held  for  trading  and  recorded  at  fair  value  with
changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of
operations. The $5,095 of restricted cash forms part of the security
for the Export Development Canada ("EDC") loan (note 14a).

D. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accounts  receivable  are  measured  at  amortized  cost.   The
Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated
losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required
payments.  Past  due  balances  over  90  days  are  reviewed
individually  for  collectability.  If  the  financial  condition  of  the
Company’s customers were to deteriorate, adversely affecting their
ability to make payments, additional allowances would be required.
Based on management’s assessment, the Company provides for
estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and
a credit to a valuation allowance. Balances that remain outstanding
after the Company has used reasonable collection efforts are written

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  37

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  3. Significant Accounting Policies

off  through  a  charge  to  the  allowance  and  a  credit  to  accounts
receivable.
E. INVENTORIES

The Company’s inventories consist of the Company’s fuel system
products (finished goods), work-in-progress, purchased parts and
assembled parts. Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost and
net  realizable  value.  Cost  is  determined  based  on  the  lower  of
weighted average cost or first-in, first-out. The cost of fuel system
product 
inventories,  assembled  parts  and  work-in-progress
includes  materials,  labour  and  production  overhead,  including
depreciation. The Company records inventory write-downs based
on  an  analysis  of  excess  and  obsolete  inventories  determined
primarily  by  future  demand  forecasts.  In  addition,  the  Company
records  a  liability  for  firm,  noncancelable,  and  unconditional
purchase commitments with manufacturers for quantities in excess
of  the  Company’s  future  demand  forecast  consistent  with  its
valuation of excess and obsolete inventory.

F. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is
provided for as follows:

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
DEPRECIATION

Assets

Buildings

Basis

Rate

Straight-line

15 years

Computer equipment and software

Straight-line

Furniture and fixtures

Straight-line

3 years

5 years

Machinery and equipment

Straight-line

8-10 years

Leasehold improvements

Straight-line

Lease term

Depreciation  expense  on  equipment  used  in  the  production  and
manufacturing  process  is  included  in  cost  of  sales.  All  other
depreciation  is  included  in  the  depreciation  and  amortization
expense line on the statement of operations.

G. LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS

The Company accounts for investments in which it has significant
influence, including variable interest entities ("VIEs") for which the
Company is not the primary beneficiary, using the equity method of
accounting.  Under the equity method, the Company recognizes its
share of income from equity accounted investees in the statement
of  operations  with  a  corresponding 
long-term
investments.  Any dividends paid or payable are credited against
long-term investments.

increase 

in 

H. FINANCIAL LIABILITIES

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, short-term debt and long-
term  debt  are  measured  at  amortized  cost. Transaction  costs

38  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

relating to long-term debt are netted against long-term debt and are
amortized using the effective interest rate method.

I. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
COSTS

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and
are recorded net of government funding received or receivable.

J. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible  assets  consist  primarily  of  the  estimated  value  of
intellectual  property,  trademarks,  technology,  customer  contracts
and  non-compete  agreements  acquired  through  acquisitions.
Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives,
which range from 5 to 20 years.

K. IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS

The  Company  reviews  its  long-lived  assets  for  impairment
whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the
carrying  amount  of  the  assets  may  not  be  recoverable.   If  such
conditions exist, assets are considered impaired if the sum of the
undiscounted expected future cash flows expected to result from
the use and eventual disposition of an asset is less than its carrying
amount.  An impairment loss is measured at the amount by which
the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  exceeds  its  fair  value. When
quoted  market  prices  are  not  available,  the  Company  uses  the
expected future cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with
the risks associated with the recovery of the asset as an estimate
of fair value.

L. GOODWILL

Goodwill is recorded at the time of purchase for the excess of the
amount of the purchase price over the fair values of the identifiable
assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized
and  instead  is  tested  at  least  annually  for  impairment,  or  more
frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that
goodwill  might  be  impaired. This  impairment  test  is  performed
annually  at  November  30. Future  adverse  changes  in  market
conditions or poor operating results of underlying assets could result
in an inability to recover the carrying value of the goodwill, thereby
possibly requiring an impairment charge.

M. WARRANTY LIABILITY

Estimated warranty costs are recognized at the time the Company
sells its products and are included in cost of revenue.  The Company
provides  warranty  coverage  on  products  sold  from  the  date  the
products  are  put  into  service  by  customers.   Warranty  liability
represents the Company’s best estimate of warranty costs expected
to be incurred during the warranty period.  Furthermore, the current
portion of warranty liability represents the Company’s best estimate
of the costs to be incurred in the next twelve-month period.  The
Company uses historical failure rates and costs to repair defective

products to estimate the warranty liability.  New product launches
require  a  greater  use  of  judgment  in  developing  estimates  until
claims experience becomes available.  Product specific experience
is typically available four or five quarters after product launch, with
a clear experience trend not evident until eight to twelve quarters
after  launch.   The  Company  records  warranty  expense  for  new
products  using  historical  experience 
from  previous  engine
generations in the first year, a blend of actual product and historical
experience  in  the  second  year  and  product  specific  experience
thereafter.  The amount payable by the Company and the timing
will depend on actual failure rates and cost to repair failures of its
products.

N. REVENUE RECOGNITION

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB")
issued Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue
from Contracts with Customers, a new accounting standard related
to revenue recognition. ASC 606 supersedes nearly all U.S. GAAP
on revenue recognition and eliminated industry-specific guidance.
The underlying principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenue when
a  customer  obtains  control  of  promised  goods  or  services  at  an
amount  that  reflects  the  consideration  that  is  expected  to  be
received in exchange for those goods or services. At the beginning
of the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using
the modified retrospective method. There was no material financial
impact to our adoption of ASC 606.

The  Company  generates  revenues  primarily  from  product  sales.
Product  revenues  are  derived  from  standard  product  sales
contracts and from long-term fixed price contracts. Under ASC 606,
revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of the goods
or services. Determining the timing of the transfer of control, at a
point in time or over time, requires judgment. On standard product
sales contracts, revenues are recognized when customers obtain
control of the product, that is when transfer of title and risks and
rewards of ownership of goods have passed and when obligation
to pay is considered certain. Invoices are generated and revenue
is  recognized  at  that  point  in  time.  Provisions  for  warranties  are
made at the time of sale.

O. INCOME TAXES

The  Company  accounts  for  income  taxes  using  the  asset  and
liability  method.   Under  this  method,  deferred  income  tax  assets
and liabilities are determined based on the temporary differences
between  the  accounting  basis  and  tax  basis  of  the  assets  and
liabilities  and  for  loss  carry-forwards,  tax  credits  and  other  tax
attributes, using the enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which
the differences are expected to reverse.  The effect of a change in
tax  rates  on  the  deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  is
recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes deferred income tax assets to the extent
the assets are more-likely-than-not to be realized. In making such
a determination the Company considers all available positive and

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  3. Significant Accounting Policies

negative  evidence,  including  future  reversals  of  existing  taxable
temporary  differences,  projected  future  taxable  income,  tax-
planning  strategies,  and  results  of  recent  operations.  If  it  is
determined that, based on all available evidence, it is more-likely-
than-not that some or all of the deferred income tax assets will not
be realized, a valuation allowance is provided to reduce the deferred
income tax assets.

The Company uses a two-step process to recognize and measure
the income tax benefit of uncertain tax positions taken or expected
to be taken in a tax return. The tax benefit from an uncertain tax
position is recognized if it is more-likely-than-not that the position
will be sustained upon examination by a tax authority based solely
on the technical merits of the position. A tax benefit that meets the
more-likely-than-not  recognition  threshold  is  measured  as  the
largest amount that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon
settlement with the tax authority. To the extent a full benefit is not
expected to be realized, an income tax liability is established. Any
change  in  judgment  related  to  the  expected  resolution  of  an
uncertain tax position is recognized in the year of such a change.

4. Accounting Changes

A. NEW ACCOUNTING
PRONOUNCEMENTS ADOPTED IN 2018

Revenue

In May 2014, FASB issued Accounting Standards Updates ("ASU")
2014-09, Revenue From Contracts With Customers (“Topic 606”).
The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018, using the
modified retrospective method. The adoption of this standard did
not  result  in  any  impact  on  previously  reported  amounts.  In
accordance  with  the  standard,  additional  disclosures  have  been
provided in note 3n.

Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230):
Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and
Cash Payments

In August  2016,  the  FASB  issued ASU  2016-15,  which  provides
cash flow classification guidance on eight specific cash flow issues
to reduce diversity in practice for which authoritative guidance did
not  previously  exist.  The  Company  adopted  this  standard  on
January 1, 2018 with no material impact to the Company's financial
statements.

B. NEW ACCOUNTING
PRONOUNCEMENTS TO BE
ADOPTED IN 2019

Leases (Topic 842)

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  39

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  4. Accounting Changes

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, which increases
transparency  and  comparability  among  organizations  by
recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet
and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU
2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after
December  15,  2018,  and  interim  periods  with  early  adoption
permitted.  The  Company's  future  minimum  lease  payments  at
December 31, 2018 under operating leases are disclosed in note
21(a).  The  Company  is  finalizing  its  implementation  of  this  new
standard  and  will  use  the  modified  retrospective  method  as  at
January  1,  2019.  The  Company's  significant  leases  relate  to  its
leasing of operating premises.

5. Business Combinations

MERGER WITH FUEL SYSTEMS

On June 1, 2016 ("the acquisition date"), the Company completed
a merger with Fuel Systems Solutions, Inc. ("Fuel Systems"). Fuel
Systems shareholders received 2.4755 Westport common shares
for  each  share  of  Fuel  Systems  common  stock  owned.  The
Company  issued  44,882,782  common  shares  to  former  Fuel
Systems  shareholders  and  653,532  restricted  stock  units.  The
Company determined the purchase price using the Nasdaq closing
share  price  on  the  acquisition  date  at  $2.20  per  share,  which
resulted in total purchase consideration of $99,397. The Company
incurred total acquisition related costs of $9,890 in 2015 and 2016,
which were expensed as incurred.

This  business  combination  resulted  in  a  bargain  purchase
transaction,  as  the  fair  value  of  assets  acquired  and  liabilities
assumed exceeded the total of the transaction date fair value of
equity  issued  by  $35,808. The  Company  believes  it  was  able  to
acquire the assets of Fuel Systems for less than their fair value due
to the weakness in the alternative fuel sector.

6. Sale of Assets

The Company completed the sale of its CNG Compressor business
on July 25, 2018 for gross proceeds of $14,729 and recorded a net
gain of $9,910. The assets and liabilities of the CNG Compressor
business  were  accounted  for  as  held  for  sale  effective  from  the
second  quarter  of  2018.  The  comparative  balances  of  the  CNG
Compressor business were also reclassified as at December 31,
2017,  with  an  impact  to  the  following  balance  sheet  accounts:
accounts  receivable,  inventories,  property,  plant  and  equipment,
accounts payable and accrued liabilities, warranty liability and other
long-term  liabilities.  The  notes  for  these  account  balances  have
been  adjusted  for  these  reclassifications  in  these  financial
statements.

During the second quarter of 2017, substantially all of the former
Industrial business segment was sold resulting in a gain of $58,310.

40  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

As discussed in note 15, 15% of the net consideration received on
these asset sales was paid or will be payable against the royalty
payable due to Cartesian.

The carrying amount of the major classes of assets and liabilities
for the held-for-sale for both the CNG Compressor business and
Industrial  business  segment  at  December 31,  2018  and
December 31, 2017 are shown below:

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

$

$

$

Cash

Accounts receivable

Inventories

Property, plant, and equipment

Total assets classified as held for sale

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Restructuring obligations

Income taxes payable

Other current liabilities

Other non-current liabilities

Deferred income tax liabilities and other
liabilities

— $

1,676

—

—

5,924

5.267

50.006

233

1,676 $ 16,992

57 $ 12,597

467

2,054

—

—

—

3,448

1,462

11,022

1,292

1,634

Total liabilities classified as held for sale

$

3,870 $ 19,141

The following table presents the combined financial results of the
CNG  Compressor  business  and  Industrial  business  segments
which are included in net income from discontinued operations for
the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

2016

Revenue

$

8,837 $ 46,268 $ 57,715

Cost of product revenue

7,548

34,647

43,495

Research and development

General and administrative

Sales and marketing

603

1,083

575

2,972

5,027

2,713

3,960

3,429

2,765

9,809

45,359

53,649

Operating income (loss) from
discontinued operations

Restructuring costs

(972)

1,268

909

—

Net gain on sale of assets

(10,710)

(58,310)

Other expenses (recovery)

—

220

Income from discontinued
operations before income tax

8,470

58,999

Income tax expense (recovery)

(808)

6,118

4,066

—

—

(93)

4,159

1,060

Net income from
discontinued operations

$

9,278 $ 52,881 $

3,099

On January 1, 2018, the Company exited the portion of the facility
related  to  the  discontinued  Industrial  business  segment  and
recorded  a  $1,268  lease-exit  restructuring  obligation.  The  lease
terminates in August of 2019. During the second quarter of 2018,
the Company adjusted a provision related to the Industrial business
segment and recorded an additional gain of $800.

7. Accounts Receivable

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Years Ended Dec 31

2018

2017

Customer trade receivables

$

50,867 $

51,719

Holdback receivables

Other receivables

Income tax receivable

Due from related parties (note 19)

—

6,775

717

122

6,750

4,337

1,232

156

Allowance for doubtful accounts

(3,039)

(2,294)

$

55,442 $

61,900

8. Inventories

INVENTORIES

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

Purchased parts and materials

$

31,735 $

32,352

Work-in-process

Finished goods

Inventory on consignment

Total

2,297

11,367

612

2,187

10,505

693

$

46,011 $

45,737

9. Long-term Investments

LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS

Years Ended Dec 31

2018

2016

Cummins Westport Inc. (a)

Weichai Westport Inc. (b)

Other equity accounted investees

Total long-term investments

$

$

6,309 $

1,824

685

8,818 $

6,799

1,824

679

9,302

A. CUMMINS WESTPORT INC.

The  Company  entered  into  a  joint  venture  with  Cummins  Inc.
("Cummins") on March 7, 2001. The joint venture term is scheduled
to end on December 31, 2021 and can be terminated under certain
circumstances before the end of the term, including in the event of
a material breach of the agreement by, or in the event of a change
of control of, one of the parties.

On  February  20,  2012,  the  joint  venture  agreement  ("JVA")  was
amended  and  restated  to  provide  for,  among  other  things,
clarification  concerning  the  scope  of  products  within  CWI.  In
addition,  the  parties  revised  certain  economic  terms  of  the  JVA.
Prior  to  February  20,  2012,  the  Company  and  Cummins  shared
equally in the profits and losses of CWI. Under the amended JVA,
profits and losses are shared equally up to an established revenue

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  7. Accounts Receivable

baseline,  then  any  excess  profit  will  be  allocated  75%  to  the
Company and 25% to Cummins.

The Company has determined that CWI is a VIE. Cummins and
Westport each own 50% of the common shares of CWI and have
equal representation on the Board of Directors. No one shareholder
has the unilateral power to govern CWI. The Board of Directors has
power over the operating decisions and to direct other activities of
CWI that most significantly impact CWI’s economic performance
as set forth in the governing documents. As decision-making at the
Board of Directors’ level requires unanimous approval, this power
is shared. Accordingly neither party is the primary beneficiary.

The Company recognized its share of CWI’s income and received
dividends as follows:

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

2016

Investment income under the
equity method

$ 22,701 $ 12,482 $

5,606

Dividends received

23,191

16,633

10,198

The Company has not historically provided and does not intend to
provide financial or other support to CWI that the Company is not
contractually  required  to  provide. As  at  December  31,  2018,  the
Company has a related party accounts receivable balance of $122
(2017 - $150) due from CWI. During the year ended December 31,
2018, total sales to CWI were $1,855 (2017 - $2,721; 2016 - $2,744).

The carrying amount and maximum exposure to losses relating to
CWI were as follows:

Balance at Dec 31

2018

2017

Carrying
amount

Maximum 
exposure to
loss

Carrying
amount

Maximum 
exposure
to loss

$ 6,309 $

6,309 $ 6,799 $

6,799

122

122

150

150

Equity method
investment in CWI

Accounts receivable
due from CWI

Assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses of CWI, are as follows:

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  41

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  9. Long-Term Investments

CWI ASSETS & LIABILITIES

B. WEICHAI WESTPORT INC.

The  Company,  indirectly  through  its  wholly-owned  subsidiary,
Westport  Innovations  (Hong  Kong)  Limited  (“Westport  HK”),  is
currently the registered holder of a 23.33% equity interest in Weichai
Westport Inc. (“WWI”). Previously, the Company held a 35% indirect
equity interest in WWI. However, in April 2016, the Company sold
to Cartesian entities a derivative economic interest granting it the
right to receive an amount of future income received by Westport
HK  from  WWI  equivalent  to  having  an  18.78%  equity interest  in
WWI  and  concurrently  granted  a  Cartesian  entity  an  option  to
acquire  all  of  the  equity  securities  of  Westport  HK  for  a  nominal
amount.   The  Company  retained  the  right  to  transfer  any  equity
interest  held  by  Westport  HK  in  WWI  that  was  in  excess  of  an
18.78% interest in the event that such option was exercised.  Then
in August  2016,  the  Company  sold  an  aggregate  11.67%  equity
interest in the WWI joint venture for gross proceeds of  $7,372 (RMB
48,185) to Weichai Holding Group Co., Ltd. (to which the Company
sold a 6.42% equity interest) and Guanya (Shanghai) Private Equity
Partnership  (Limited  Partnership)  (“Guanya”)  (to  which  the
Company sold a 5.25% equity interest).  Public disclosures of this
transaction made by the Company prior to the third quarter of 2018
filing of our financial statements referred to Guanya as either “an
additional  undisclosed  purchaser”  or,  inadvertently,  as  “Weichai
Power Co., Ltd.”, which was not a party to the transaction but instead
was a limited partner of Guanya.  The Company’s 23.33% equity
interest  in  WWI  remains  held  by  the  Company’s  subsidiary,
Westport  HK.  As  a  result  of  such  transactions,  the  Company’s
residual 23.33% equity interest in WWI currently corresponds to an
economic interest in WWI equivalent to just 4.55%.

On  August  28,  2018,  the  Company  entered  into  definitive
development and supply agreements with WWI to develop, market,
and commercialize a heavy-duty, natural gas engine featuring the
Westport HPDI 2.0™ technology, based on one of Weichai Power
Co. Ltd.'s ("Weichai Power") heavy-duty engine platforms. Under
the  new  development  program,  the  Company  will  support  the
adaptation  of  the  Westport  HPDI  2.0™  technology  onto  one  of
Weichai Power's heavy-duty engine platforms.

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

Current assets:

Cash and short-term investments
Accounts receivable
Other current assets

$

85,812 $
2,336
120

91,720
10,925
—

Long-term assets:

Property, plant and equipment
Deferred income tax assets

Total assets
Current liabilities:

934
22,851

1,245
28,096
$ 112,053 $ 131,986

Current portion of warranty liability
Current portion of deferred revenue

$

19,829 $
21,299

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

4,348
45,476

25,866
22,157

12,603
60,626

Long-term liabilities:
Warranty liability
Deferred revenue
Other long-term liabilities

Total liabilities

16,253
22,995
38,321
27,009
3,175
3,943
53,947
57,749
99,423 $ 118,375

$

CWI REVENUE AND EXPENSES

Product revenue

Parts revenue

Cost of revenue and expenses:

Cost of product and parts
revenue

Research and development

General and administrative

Sales and marketing

Foreign exchange loss

Bank charges, interest and
other

Income from operations

Interest and investment income

Income before income taxes

Income tax expense (recovery):

Current
Deferred(1)

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

2016

$ 227,408 $ 235,220 $ 205,235

91,997

82,077

71,230

319,405

317,297

276,465

228,452

207,840

199,317

18,000

1,474

15,350

12

706

30,733

1,113

19,675

51

609

36,066

1,136

23,047

8

695

263,994

260,021

260,269

55,411

1,939

57,350

8,397

3,552

11,949

57,276

16,196

982

552

58,258

16,748

16,068

17,226

33,294

4,680

856

5,536

Income for the year

$ 45,401 $ 24,964 $ 11,212

1.

As a result of the U.S. tax reform substantially enacted in the fourth
quarter of 2017, CWI recorded a deferred tax expense of $13,423 in
2017 arising from related adjustments to deferred income tax assets.

42  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  10. Property, Plant and Equipment

10. Property, Plant & Equipment

11. Intangible Assets

PROPERTY, PLANT & EQUIPMENT

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Cost

Accumulated
depreciation

Net 
book
value

Cost

Accumulated
depreciation

Net 
book
value

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2018

Land and buildings

$

4,765 $

1,474 $

3,291

Patents and trademarks

$ 21,142 $

7,978 $ 13,164

7,079

3,553

6,043

2,975

1,036

578

Technology

Customer contracts

Other intangibles

5,150

12,355

334

4,369

9,476

329

781

2,879

5

87,151

33,476

53,675

Total 2017

$ 38,981 $

22,152 $ 16,829

Computer equipment
and software

Furniture and fixtures

Machinery and
equipment

Leasehold
improvements

Total 2018

December 31, 2017

11,578

6,727

4,851

$ 114,126 $

50,695 $

63,431

Land and buildings

$

4,947 $

1,412 $

3,535

Computer equipment
and software

Furniture and fixtures

Machinery and
equipment

Leasehold
improvements

Total 2017

7,742

5,322

7,438

3,585

304

1,737

90,570

33,007

57,563

14,261

7,596

6,665

$ 122,842 $

53,038 $

69,804

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded
an impairment charge of $736 (year ended December 31, 2017 -
$1,550; year ended December 31, 2016 - $2,708). The impairment
resulted primarily from the write-down of tooling equipment and was
recorded in the Transportation segment.

The  Company  has  significant  investments  in  property,  plant  and
equipment related to its Westport HPDI 2.0™ business. The HPDI
business is at the early stages of commercialization, and, as a result,
is  currently  generating  losses.  Based  on  the  Company's  current
projections, meaningful increases in component sales, compared
to 2018 levels, are expected, allowing the HPDI business to benefit
from  economies  of  scale  and  become  profitable.  If  these
assumptions  are  not  realized,  the  Company  may  be  required  to
record an impairment on these assets in future periods.

Total depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2018
was  $13,090  (year  ended  December 31,  2017  -  $11,289;  year
ended December 31, 2016 - $12,305). The amount of depreciation
expense included in cost of sales for the year ended December 31,
2018 was $7,685 (year ended December 31, 2017 - $4,915; year
ended December 31, 2016 - $4,266).

December 31, 2017

Patents and trademarks

$ 22,031 $

6,995 $ 15,036

Technology

Customer contracts

Other intangibles

5,400

12,964

351

4,059

8,404

345

1,341

4,560

6

Total 2017

$ 40,746 $

19,803 $ 20,943

Based on revenues and operating results, the Company concluded
that there were no impairment indicators as of November 30, 2018
related  to  the  intangible  assets.  Therefore,  no  impairment  on
intangible assets was recorded as at December 31, 2018.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, amortization of $3,420
- $3,452;  year  ended
(year  ended  December 31,  2017 
December 31, 2016 - $3,059) was recognized in the statement of
operations.

12. Goodwill

A continuity of goodwill is as follows:

GOODWILL

Balance, beginning of year

Impact of foreign exchange changes

Balance, end of year

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

$

$

3,324 $

2,923

(154)

401

3,170 $

3,324

The Company completed its annual assessment at November 30,
2018 and concluded that the remaining goodwill of $3,170 related
to the Netherlands reporting unit under the Transportation business
segment was not impaired.

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  43

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  13. Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

13. Accounts Payable

and Accrued Liabilities

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE & ACCRUED
LIABILITIES

Trade accounts payable
Accrued payroll
Accrued interest
Taxes payable
Deferred revenue
Restructuring obligation
Other payables

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

$ 59,970 $ 56,309
16,292
1,567
511
1,398
2,969
7,179

13,723
1,568
2,244
996
—
4,350

$ 82,851 $ 86,225

14. Long-Term Debt

LONG-TERM DEBT

Term loan facility, net of debt issuance
costs (a)

Senior financing (b)

Convertible debt (c)

Other bank financing (d)

Capital lease obligations (e)

Balance, end of period

Current portion

Long-term portion

Years Ended Dec 31

2018

 2017

24,023

8,645

17,382

3,744

1,516

18,987

10,901

17,335

6,562

637

$

$

55,310 $

54,422

(10,327)

(8,993)

44,983 $

45,429

A. TERM LOAN FACILITY, NET OF DEBT
ISSUANCE COSTS

On  December  20,  2017,  the  Company  entered  into  a  loan
agreement with EDC for a $20,000 non-revolving term facility. The
loan bears interest at 9% plus monitoring fees, payable quarterly,
as well as quarterly principal repayments. The Company incurred
debt issuance costs of $1,013 related to the this loan, which reduced
the carrying value to $18,987 at December 31, 2017. These costs
are amortized over the term of this loan using the effective interest
rate method. As at December 31, 2018, the amount outstanding for
this loan was $16,860, net of issuance costs.

The loan is secured by share pledges over Westport Power, Inc.,
Fuel  Systems  Solutions,  Inc.,  and  MTM  S.r.L.  and  85%  of  the
proceeds received from the holdback related to the sale of a portion
of the Industrial business segment (as discussed in note 6). As at
December  31,  2018,  this  holdback  security  of  $5,095  is  held  as
restricted cash. On March 1, 2019, as a result of achieving certain

44  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

milestones, the restricted cash was released and the interest rate
on the loan was reduced to 6%.

On October 9, 2018, the Company entered into a Euro denominated
loan agreement with UniCredit S.p.A. ("UniCredit"). The loan bears
interest  at  the  3-month  Euribor  plus  2.3%  and  interest  is  paid
quarterly. As at December 31, 2018, the amount outstanding for this
loan was $7,163 and was secured by a pledge of $2,129, with these
restricted funds being recorded in other long-term assets.

B. SENIOR FINANCING 

The senior financing facility was renewed on March 24, 2017. The
loan  bears  interest  at  the  6-month  Euribor  plus 3.3%  and  can
increase  or  decrease  by  30  basis  points  based  on  an  annual
leverage  ratio  calculation.  Interest  is  paid  semi-annually.  The
Company  has  pledged  its  interest  in  EMER  S.p.A.  as  a  general
guarantee for its senior revolving financing.

C. CONVERTIBLE DEBT 

In January 2016, the Company entered into a financing agreement
("Tranche 2 Financing") with Cartesian. As part of the agreement,
on June 1, 2016, convertible debt was issued in exchange for 9.0%
convertible  unsecured  notes  due  June  1,  2021,  which  are
convertible into common shares of the Company in whole or in part,
at  Cartesian's  option,  at  any  time  following  the  twelve  month
anniversary of the closing at a conversion price of $2.17 per share.
Interest is payable annually in arrears on December 31 of each year
during the term. The convertible debt is held by a related party as
Peter Yu, founder and managing partner of Cartesian, became a
member of the Board of Directors of the Company in January 2016.
Cartesian  is  secured  by  an  interest  in  the  Company's  HPDI  2.0
intellectual property and a priority interest in the Company's CWI
joint venture interest.

D. OTHER BANK FINANCING

Other bank financing consists of various secured and unsecured
bank  financing  arrangements  that  carry  rates  of  interest  ranging
from  0.75%  to  3.8%  and  have  various  maturities  out  to  2022.
Security  includes  a  building  owned  by  the  Company  in  the
Netherlands and certain accounts receivable in one of our Italian
subsidiaries.

E. CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS

The Company has capital lease obligations that have terms of three
to four years at interest rates ranging from 1.3% to 12.0% (2017 -
3.1% to 12.0%).

Throughout the entire term of these financing arrangements, the
Company  is  required  to  meet  certain  financial  and  non-financial
covenants.   As  of  December 31,  2018,  the  Company  is  in
compliance with all covenants under the financing arrangements.

The principal repayment schedule of the long-term debt is as follows
for the years ending December 31:

LONG TERM ROYALTY PAYABLE
SCHEDULE

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  14. Long-term Debt

LONG-TERM DEBT REPAYMENT
SCHEDULE

Subordinated
debenture
notes

Senior
financing

Convertible
debt

Other
bank
financing

Capital
lease
obligations

2019

2020

2021

2022

5,234

7,166

8,785

1,880

2,009

2,254

1,419

2,502

2023+

1,419

—

— 2,714

—

17,382

—

—

344

343

343

—

Total

10,327

9,994

29,182

4,388

499

475

418

124

— 1,419

$ 24,023 $ 8,645 $ 17,382 $ 3,744 $ 1,516 $55,310

15. Long-term Royalty Payable

In January 2016, the Company entered into a financing agreement
with Cartesian to support the Company's global growth initiatives.
The  financing  agreement  immediately  provided  $17,500  in  cash
(the “Tranche 1 Financing”). In consideration for the funds provided
to the Company, Cartesian is entitled to royalty payments based on
the greater of (i) a percentage of amounts received by the Company
on select HPDI systems and CWI joint venture income through 2025
and (ii) stated fixed amounts per annum (subject to adjustment for
asset sales). The carrying value is being accreted to the expected
redemption  value  using  the  effective  interest  method,  which  is
approximately 23% per annum. Cartesian's debt is secured by an
interest in the Company's HPDI intellectual property and a priority
interest in the Company's CWI joint venture interest.

In January 2017, the Company and Cartesian signed a Consent
Agreement  which  allows  the  Company  to  sell  certain  assets  in
exchange for prepayment of the Cartesian royalty: Cartesian will
be  paid  15%  of  the  net  proceeds  from  these  asset  sales  to  a
maximum of $15,000, with this payment being allocated on a non-
discounted basis to future years' minimum payments.

The  Company's  divestiture  of  the  Industrial  business  segment
during 2017 and the CNG Compressor business in 2018 resulted
in royalty prepayments of $9,435 in 2017 and $1,045 in 2018. Due
to the early extinguishment of a portion of the royalty payable, the
Company recorded an additional finance charge of $5,236 in 2017
and $778 in 2018.

As  of  December 31,  2018,  the  total  royalty  prepayments  paid  or
payable  to  Cartesian  as  a  result  of  the  Consent  Agreement,
including  the  prepayment  arising  from  the  sale  of  the  CNG
Compressor business to be made in 2019, was $12,204.

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

Balance, beginning of year

$

19,031 $

21,562

Accretion expense

Repayment

Additional finance charge from
prepayment

Balance, end of year

Current portion

Long-term portion

4,135

3,168

(3,009)

(10,935)

778

5,236

20,935

19,031

(6,091)

(2,390)

$

14,844 $

16,641

The minimum repayments including interest are as follows, for the
years ending December 31:

MINIMUM REPAYMENTS INCLUDING
INTEREST

For years ending
Dec 31

2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024 and thereafter

6,091
5,926
7,258
5,065
1,162
6,758

32,260

$

16. Warranty Liability

A continuity of the warranty liability is as follows:

WARRANTY LIABILITY

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

2016

Balance, beginning of year

$ 6,301 $ 11,612 $ 13,991

Warranty assumed on acquisition

—

—

2,454

Warranty claims

Warranty accruals

Change in estimate

Impact of foreign exchange
changes

(2,787)

(2,627)

(7,684)

2,112

1,232

1,493

(1,443)

(2,949)

—

758

(967)

1,358

Balance, end of year

4,941

6,301

11,612

Less: Current portion

(2,800)

(3,529)

(5,499)

A continuity schedule of the long-term royalty payable is as follows:

Long-term portion

$ 2,141 $ 2,772 $ 6,113

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  45

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  17. Share Capital, Stock Options & Other Stock-based Plans

As at December 31, 2018, $2,074 of compensation expense related
to Units has yet to be recognized in results from operations and will
be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1
and a half years.

B. AGGREGATE INTRINSIC VALUES 

The  aggregate  intrinsic  value  of  the  Company’s  share  units  at
December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

AGGREGATE INTRINSIC VALUES
OF SHARE UNITS

Years ended Dec 31

(values in CDN$)

2018

2017

Share units:

Outstanding

Exercisable

$

4,828 $

3,759

21,332

3,009

C. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock-based  compensation  associated  with  the  Unit  plans  is
included in operating expenses as follows:

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Years ended Dec 31
2017

2018

2016

Research and development

$

778 $

1,182 $

6,010

General and administrative

Sales and marketing

1,952

310

5,450

329

2,334

2,106

Total

$

3,040 $

6,961 $ 10,450

During  the  first  quarter  of  2018,  the  Performance  Stock  Units
("PSUs") that had been conditionally approved were finalized and
granted.    As  a  result,  the  stock-based  compensation  of  $2,449
related  to  730,000  PSUs  was  reclassified  from  a  liability  to
shareholders' equity.

17. Share Capital, Stock Options
& Other Stock-based Plans

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued
2,101,190  common  shares  upon  exercises  of  share  units  (year
ended  December 31,  2017  -  2,045,617  common  shares).  The
Company  issues shares  from  treasury  to  satisfy  share  unit
exercises.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued
19,125,000 common shares at $1.50 per share, for gross proceeds
of  $28,688.  Transaction  costs  of  $2,735  were  incurred  for  net
proceeds of $25,953.

A. SHARE UNITS ("UNITS")

The value assigned to issued Units and the amounts accrued are
recorded  as  other  equity  instruments. As  Units  are  exercised  or
vested and the underlying shares are issued from treasury of the
Company, the value is reclassified to share capital.

During  the  year  ended  December 31,  2018,  the  Company
recognized $3,040 (year ended December 31, 2017 - $6,961; year
ended December 31, 2016 - $10,450) of stock-based compensation
associated  with  the  Westport  Omnibus  Plan  and  the  former
Amended and Restated Unit Plan.

A continuity of the Units issued under the Westport Omnibus Plan
and  the  former  Amended  and  Restated  Unit  Plan  as  of
December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016
are as follows:

UNIT ISSUED SUMMARY

(stock option
values expressed
in Canadian
dollars)

Outstanding,
beginning of
period

Granted

Exercised

Forfeited/
expired

Outstanding,
end of period

Options
exercisable,
end of period

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

2016

#

WAEP

#

WAEP

#

WAEP

4,509,990 $ 6.00

6,664,591 $ 6.75

9,657,921 $ 7.62

1,009,230

3.50

993,659

(2,101,190)

5.44 (2,045,617)

2.18

6.31

684,402

2.90

(845,491)

10.26

(750,627)

3.61 (1,102,643)

6.51 (2,832,241)

6.60

2,667,403 $ 4.41

4,509,990 $ 6.00

6,664,591 $ 6.75

2,076,684 $ 4.66

636,073 $ 5.38

1,891,008 $ 7.77

WAEP = weighted average exercise price (C$)

During  2018,  1,009,230  (2017  -  993,659)  restricted  share  units
("RSUs")  were  granted  to  directors,  executives  and  employees.
Values of RSU awards are generally determined based on the fair
market value of the underlying common share on the date of grant.
RSUs typically vest over a three year period so the actual value
received by the individual depends on the share price on the day
such RSUs are settled for common shares, not the date of grant.

46  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Other permanent differences

3,762

3,624

5,875

Total deferred income tax liabilities

1,585

138

(4,560)

Total net deferred income tax liabilities

$

(2,565) $

(2,768)

18. Income Taxes

A. PROVISION

The Company’s income tax provision differs from that calculated by
applying  the  combined  enacted  Canadian  federal  and  provincial
statutory income tax rate of 27% for the year ended December 31,
2018  (year  ended  December 31,  2017  -  26%;  year  ended
December 31, 2016 - 26%) as follows:

INCOME TAX PROVISION

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017
(Adjusted,
Note 6)

2016
(Adjusted,
Note 6)

Loss before income taxes

$(38,658) $(67,284) $ (96,722)

Expected income tax recovery

(10,438)

(17,494)

(25,148)

Increase (reduction) in income
taxes resulting from

Non-deductible stock-based
compensation

433

786

2,176

Withholding taxes

657

444

1,109

Change in enacted tax rates

135

22,960

—

Foreign tax rate differences,
foreign exchange and other
adjustments

Non-taxable income from equity
investment

(6,834)

(3,245)

925

Change in valuation allowance

12,812

(11,637)

32,583

Change in uncertain tax position

Bargain purchase gain

—

—

—

301

— (9,311)

Income tax expense (recovery)

$ 2,112 $ (4,424) $ 3,950

B. DEFERRED INCOME TAX

The significant components of the deferred income tax assets and
liabilities are as follows:

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  18. Income Taxes

DEFERRED INCOME TAX ASSETS 
& LIABILITIES

Deferred income tax assets:

Net loss carry forwards

$ 197,585 $ 189,627

Years Ended Dec 31

2018

2017

Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Warranty liability

Foreign tax credits

Inventory

Research and development

Other

5,655

6,502

12,779

13,046

3,251

620

4,223

5,961

3,290

5,241

4,668

5,795

11,135

13,190

Total gross deferred income tax assets

241,229

241,359

Valuation allowance

(239,565)

(239,511)

Total deferred income tax assets

1,664

1,848

Deferred income tax liabilities:

Intangible assets

Property, plant and equipment

Other

(2,456)

(4,062)

(106)

(1,667)

(4,229)

(231)

(323)

(4,616)

Total net deferred income tax liabilities

$

(2,565) $

(2,768)

Allocated as follows:

Deferred income tax assets

Deferred income tax liabilities

1,664

1,848

(4,229)

(4,616)

The  valuation  allowance  is  reviewed  on  a  quarterly  basis  to
determine if, based on all available evidence, it is more-likely-than-
not that some or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be
realized. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is
dependent on the generation of sufficient taxable income during the
future periods in which those temporary differences are expected
to reverse. If the evidence does not exist that the deferred income
tax  assets  will  be  fully  realized,  a  valuation  allowance  has  been
provided.

The deferred income tax assets have been reduced by the uncertain
tax position presented in note 18f.

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  47

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  18. Income Taxes

C. INCOME TAX EXPENSE / RECOVERY 

F. TAX RESERVES

The components of the Company’s income tax expense (recovery)
are as follows:

INCOME TAX EXPENSE (RECOVERY)

Year ended Dec 31

2018

Canada

United States

Italy

Other

Year ended 2017

Canada

United States

Italy

Other

Year ended 2016

Canada

United States

Italy

Other

Net income
(loss)
before
income
taxes

Current Deferred

Total

$

(61,933)

17,161

7,445

(1,331)

214

803

1,741

1,192

— $

—

(1,188)

(650)

214

803

553

542

$

$

(38,658) $ 3,950 $ (1,838) $ 2,112

(61,458) $ (3,737) $

(17) $ (3,754)

3,023

679

(9,528)

17

493

447

—

(1,470)

(157)

17

(977)

290

$

(67,284) $ (2,780) $ (1,644) $ (4,424)

$

(104,060) $

56 $

120 $

176

14,926

(5,601)

7

192

(1,987)

1,355

—

1,440

780

7

1,632

2,135

$

(96,722) $ 1,610 $ 2,340 $ 3,950

D. LOSS CARRY-FORWARDS

The Company has loss carry-forwards in the various tax jurisdictions
available to offset future taxable income as follows:

LOSS CARRY-FORWARDS
2021
2019

Expiring in:

2020

2022+

Total

$

— $

— $

— $ 518,696 $ 518,969

Canada
Italy
United States
Sweden
Other
Total

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,976

2,976

— 103,673

103,673

—

19,155

14,009

19,155

26,847

4,668

4,039

4,131

$ 4,668 $ 4,039 $ 4,131 $ 658,782 $ 671,620

The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with
ASC No. 740, Income Taxes. As at December 31, 2018, the total
amount of the Company’s uncertain tax benefits was $4,704 (year
ended December 31, 2017 - $4,345). If recognized in future periods,
the uncertain tax benefits would affect our effective tax rate. The
Company files income tax returns in Canada, the U.S., Italy, and
various other foreign jurisdictions. All taxation years remain open
to examination by the Canada Revenue Agency, the 2015 to 2018
taxation years remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue
Service  and  the  2013  to  2018  taxation  years  remain  open  to
examination  by  the  Italian  Revenue  Agency,  and  various  years
remain open in the other foreign jurisdictions.

19. Related Party Transactions

The  Company's  related  parties  are  CWI,  Cartesian,  directors,
officers  and  shareholders  which  own  greater  than  10%  of  the
Company's shares.

A. CUMMINS WESTPORT INC.

Pursuant to the amended and restated Joint Venture Agreement,
Westport engages in transactions with CWI (see note 9a). Amounts
receivable relate to costs incurred by the Company on behalf of
CWI.  The  amounts  are  generally  reimbursed  by  CWI  to  the
Company in the month following the month in which the payable is
incurred.

B. OTHER TRANSACTIONS WITH
RELATED PARTIES

Peter Yu, founder and managing partner of Cartesian, was elected
as a Director of the Company in January 2016 in connection with
the convertible debt (note 14c) and royalty payable (note 15), which
are related party balances. The Company made an interest payment
on the convertible debt of $1,575 in 2018 (2017 - $919) to Cartesian.
In  addition,  the  Company  made  a  payment  of  $3,009  (2017  -
$10,935) to Cartesian relating to the royalty payable during the year
ended December 31, 2018 and has continued to accrue interest in
accordance with the terms of the agreements. In addition, fees of
$250 (2017 - $250) were paid to Cartesian during the year ended
December 31, 2018.

Certain tax attributes are subject to an annual limitation as a result
of the acquisition of Fuel Systems which constitutes a change of
ownership as defined under Internal Revenue Code Section 382.

20. Commitments

and Contingencies

E. DEFERRED INCOME TAX LIABILITY

A. CONTRACTUAL COMMITMENTS 

The Company has not recognized a deferred income tax liability for
certain  undistributed  earnings  of  foreign  subsidiaries  which  are
essentially  investments  in  those  foreign  subsidiaries  and  are
permanent in duration.

The Company has obligations under operating lease arrangements
that  require  the  following  minimum  annual  payments  during  the
respective fiscal years:

48  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

CONTRACTUAL COMMITMENTS
2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Thereafter

Total

$

3,594

2,545

903

762

452

—

$

8,256

For  the  year  ended  December 31,  2018,  the  Company  incurred
operating lease expense of $3,269 (year ended December 31, 2017
- $4,782; year ended December 31, 2016 - $5,675).

The Company is a party to a variety of agreements in the ordinary
course of business under which it is obligated to indemnify a third
party  with  respect  to  certain  matters. Typically,  these  obligations
arise as a result of contracts for sale of the Company’s product to
customers  where  the  Company  provides  indemnification  against
losses arising from matters such as product liabilities. The potential
impact  on  the  Company’s  financial  results  is  not  subject  to
reasonable estimation because considerable uncertainty exists as
to whether claims will be made and the final outcome of potential
claims. To  date,  the  Company  has  not  incurred  significant  costs
related to these types of indemnifications.

B. CONTINGENCIES

As  disclosed  in  the  Company’s  previously  filed  interim  financial
statements and management's discussion and analysis, on June
15, 2017, the Enforcement Division of the SEC issued a subpoena
to the Company for information concerning its investment in WWI
and  compliance  with  the  FCPA  and  securities  laws  related  to
disclosure  in  SEC  filings  in  connection  with  the  Company's
operations in China. The SEC Enforcement Division issued follow
up subpoenas on February 14, 2018, June 25, 2018, and August
2,  2018.  The  Company  has  completed  its  response  to  those
subpoenas. No new subpoenas have been received since August
2, 2018. Westport Fuel Systems is cooperating with these requests
and cannot predict the duration, scope or outcome of the SEC's
investigation. To date our management has devoted significant time
and attention to these matters, and we may be required to devote
even more time, attention and financial resources to these matters
in  the  future.  The  SEC’s  investigation  and  our  requirements  in
response  thereto  could  have  a  material  adverse  impact  on  our
results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows.
While we cannot estimate our potential exposure, if any, in these
matters at this time, we have already expended significant amounts
investigating and responding to the subpoenas in respect of this
investigation, including funding the expense of independent legal
representation, and expect to continue to need to expend significant
amounts to conclude the SEC investigation. During the year ended
December 31, 2018, the Company recorded expenses related to
the SEC investigation of $9,977, net of insurance recoveries, and
to  date  has  recorded  aggregate  net  expenses  related  to  such

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  20. Commitments and Contingencies

investigation  of  $11,794.  Although  the  Company  maintains
insurance that may cover some of these expenses, and has given
notice to the insurers of the matter, there is a risk that a substantial
portion  of  the  overall  expenses  and  costs  relating  to  such  SEC
investigation will not be covered by such policies. In the event of
future proceedings arising out of the SEC investigation, to the extent
covered,  our  ultimate  liability  may  possibly  exceed  the  available
insurance.

The Company is also engaged in certain legal actions and tax audits
in the ordinary course of business and believes that, based on the
information  currently  available,  the  ultimate  outcome  of  these
actions  will  not  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  operating
results, liquidity or financial position.

21. Segment Information

Effective January 2018, commensurate with the commercial launch
of  Westport  HPDI  2.0™,  the  Company  restructured  its  business
segments  to  allow  for  further  integration  of  product  offerings.
Accordingly, from that date, the Westport HPDI 2.0™ product line
and all other technology related activities previously reported under
the Corporate & Technology segment have been combined with the
previously  reported Automotive  business  segment  and  renamed
Transportation.

Under the organization structure in effect from January 2018, the
Company manages and reports the results of its business through
three  segments:  Transportation,  the  CWI  Joint  Venture,  and
Corporate. This reflects the manner in which operating decisions
and the assessment of business performance is currently managed
by the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"). All comparative
figures presented have been revised to reflect this change.

The  financial  information  for  the  Company’s  business  segments
evaluated by the CODM includes the results of CWI as if they were
consolidated,  which  is  consistent  with  the  way  the  Company
manages its business segments. As CWI is accounted for under
the equity method of accounting, an adjustment is reflected in the
tables below to reconcile the segment measures to the Company’s
consolidated measures.

TRANSPORTATION BUSINESS SEGMENT 

Westport  Fuel  Systems'  Transportation  group  designs,
manufactures, and sells alternative fuel systems and components
for  transportation  applications.   The  Company's  diverse  product
offerings are sold under established global brands and include a
broad  range  of  alternative  fuels  which  have  environmental  and
economic advantages including: liquefied petroleum gas (“LPG”),
compressed  natural  gas  ("CNG"),  liquefied  natural  gas  (“LNG”),
renewable  natural  gas  (“RNG”),  and  hydrogen.  The  Company
supplies  its  products  and  services  through  a  global  network  of
distributors  and  original  equipment  manufacturers  (“OEMs”)  and
delayed OEMs ("DOEMs") in more than 70 countries. Today, our
products  and  services  are  available  for  passenger  cars,  light-,

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  49

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  21. Segment Information

medium- and heavy-duty trucks, high horsepower, cryogenics, and
hydrogen applications.

costs associated with patenting our innovations and registering our
trademarks, and maintaining our patent and trademark portfolios.

The Transportation segment includes the independent aftermarket
("IAM"), OEMs and DOEMs, the Westport HPDI 2.0™ product line,
electronics,  current  and  advanced  research  and  development
programs, supply chain, and product planning activities.

An  agreement  to  sell  the  CNG  Compressor  business  was
announced during the second quarter of 2018 and closed in the
third quarter of 2018, and as a result, the revenues and expenses
related to this business were reclassified to discontinued operations
with  effect  from  the  second  quarter  of  2018  and  all  comparative
figures presented have been revised to reflect this reclassification.

CUMMINS WESTPORT INC. ("CWI")
JOINT VENTURE

CWI  serves  the  medium-  and  heavy-duty  on-highway  engine
markets. CWI engines are offered by many OEMs for use in transit,
school  and  shuttle  buses,  conventional  trucks  and  tractors,  and
refuse collection trucks, as well as specialty vehicles such as short-
haul port drayage trucks and street sweepers. CWI is the leading
supplier of natural gas engines to the North American medium- and
heavy-duty truck and transit bus industries.

All  CWI  natural  gas  engines  are  dedicated  100%  natural  gas
engines. The fuel for CWI engines can be carried in tanks on the
vehicle as CNG or LNG. All engines are also capable of operating
on RNG.

CWI is a Delaware corporation owned 50% by Westport Power Inc.,
a wholly-owned subsidiary of Westport Fuel Systems, and 50% by
Cummins.  The  board  of  directors  of  CWI  is  comprised  of  three
representatives from each of Westport Fuel Systems and Cummins.
On February 19, 2012, Westport Fuel Systems, Cummins and CWI
entered  into  a  Second  Amended  and  Restated  Joint  Venture
Agreement governing the operations of CWI which amended the
focus of CWI's future product development investments to North
American  markets,  including  engines  for  on-road  applications
between the displacement range of 5.9 litres through 12 litres, and
to have these engines manufactured in Cummins' North American
plants.

The purpose of the joint venture is to engage in the business of
developing,  marketing  and  selling  spark-ignited  natural  gas  or
propane engines for on-highway use. CWI utilizes Cummins' supply
chain, back office systems and distribution and sales networks. The
joint venture term is scheduled to end on December 31, 2021.

CORPORATE BUSINESS SEGMENT

The Corporate business segment is responsible for public company
activities, corporate oversight and general administrative duties, as
well  as  research    and  development  expenses  relating  to  the
protection of the Company's intellectual property; in particular, the

50  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

WEICHAI WESTPORT INC. ("WWI")

The Company has not considered WWI a business segment since
March 31, 2016 due to the Company's reduced interest pursuant
to a sale to the Cartesian Entities as discussed in note 9(b).

Financial information by business segment as follows:

REVENUE

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

2016

Transportation

$ 270,283 $ 229,833 $ 167,181

CWI

WWI

319,405

317,297

276,465

—

—

29,931

Total segment revenues

$ 589,688 $ 547,130 $ 473,577

Less: equity investees' revenue

(319,405)

(317,297)

(306,396)

Consolidated revenue from
continuing operations

Consolidated revenue from
discontinuing operations

$ 270,283 $ 229,833 $ 167,181

$

8,837 $

46,268 $

57,715

OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)

Transportation

CWI

Corporate

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

2016

$ (10,706) $ (40,638) $ (63,608)

55,411

57,276

29,782

(31,511)

(22,256)

(31,923)

Restructuring costs

(808)

(1,682)

(19,000)

Foreign exchange loss

(8,957)

(562)

(6,565)

Impairment of long lived assets,
net (note 10)

WWI

Total segment operating income
(loss)

Less: equity investees’ operating
income

Consolidated loss from
continuing operations

Consolidated income (loss)
from discontinued operations

(736)

(1,550)

(4,843)

—

—

718

2,693

(9,412)

(95,439)

(55,411)

(57,276)

(30,500)

$ (52,718) $ (66,688) $ (125,939)

$

(972) $

909 $

4,066

ADDITIONS TO LONG-LIVED ASSETS

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

2016

Total additions to long-lived assets,
excluding business combinations:

Transportation

Corporate

$ 10,062 $ 25,177 $

8,181

211

111

473

Total consolidated revenues

$ 10,273 $ 25,288 $

8,654

It is impracticable for the Company to provide geographical revenue
information  by  individual  countries;  however,  it  is  practicable  to

provide it by geographical regions.  Product and service and other
revenues are attributable to geographical regions based on location
of the Company’s customers and presented as a percentage of the
Company’s product and service revenues are as follows:

REVENUE BY REGION

% of total product revenue and
service and other revenue,
years ended Dec 31
2017

2016

2018

Europe

Americas

Asia

Others

62%

18%

10%

10%

60%

20%

12%

8%

63%

23%

12%

2%

As at December 31, 2018, total goodwill of $3,170 (December 31,
2017 - $3,324) was allocated to the Automotive segment.

As at December 31, 2018, total long-term investments of $8,269
(December 31,  2017  -  $8,756)  were  allocated  to  the  Corporate
segment  and  $549  (December 31,  2017  -  $546) 
the
Transportation segment.

to 

Total assets are allocated as follows: 

TOTAL ASSETS BY OPERATING
SEGMENT

Transportation

Corporate

CWI

Add: assets held for sale
Less: equity investees’ total assets
Total consolidated assets

Years ended Dec 31

2018

2017

236,340

31,912

112,053

254,037

42,593

131,986

$

380,305 $

428,616

1,676

16,992

(112,053)

(131,986)

$

269,928 $

313,622

The  Company’s  long-lived  assets  consist  of  property,  plant  and
equipment (fixed assets), intangible assets and goodwill.

Long-lived assets information by geographic area:

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  21. Segment Information

LONG-LIVED ASSETS BY REGION

December 31, 2018

Italy

Canada

United States

Rest of Europe

Asia Pacific

Less: equity investees'
long lived assets

Total consolidated
long-lived assets

December 31, 2017
(Adjusted, note 6)

Italy

Canada

United States

Rest of Europe

Asia Pacific

Less: equity investees'
long lived assets

Total consolidated
long-lived assets

Fixed Assets

Intangible
Assets and
Goodwill

Total

$

23,470 $

16,067 $

39,537

$

$

35,089

1,210

2,870

1,726

64,365

237

—

3,695

—

35,326

1,210

6,565

1,726

19,999

84,364

(934)

—

(934)

63,431 $

19,999 $

83,430

24,660 $

19,476 $

44,136

39,732

1,587

2,859

2,211

71,409

317

—

4,474

—

40,049

1,587

7,333

2,211

24,267

95,316

(1,245)

—

(1,245)

$

69,804 $

24,267 $

94,071

22. Financial Instruments

A. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The  Company  has  exposure  to  liquidity  risk,  credit  risk,  foreign
currency risk and interest rate risk.

B. LIQUIDITY RISK

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet
its  financial  obligations  as  they  are  due.   The  Company  has
sustained  losses  and  negative  cash  flows  from  operations  since
inception.  At  December 31,  2018,  the  Company  has  $61,119  of
cash,  cash  equivalents  and  short-term  investments,  including  of
$5,095 restricted cash (see note 3c).

The following are the contractual maturities of financial obligations
as at December 31, 2018:

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  51

due  amounts  and  any  available  relevant  information  on  the
customers’ liquidity and financial position.

< 1

1–3

4–5

5+

D. FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  22. Financial Instruments

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
Years

Carrying
amount

Contractual
cash flows

Accounts
payable and
accrued
liabilities

Term loan
facility
(note 14a)

Senior
revolving
financing 
(note 14b)

Convertible
debt 
(note 14c)

Other bank
financing 
(note 14d)

Capital lease
obligations
(note 14e)

Long-term
royalty
payable 
(note 15)

Operating
lease
commitments
(note 20a)

$ 82,851 $

82,851 $ 82,851 $

— $

— $ —

24,023

28,794

7,561

18,340

2,893

—

8,645

10,027

2,161

4,918

2,948

17,382

21,302

1,575

19,727

—

3,744

3,751

2,714

649

343

1,515

1,566

495

917

154

—

—

—

—

20,935

32,260

6,091

13,184

6,227

6,758

—

8,256

3,594

3,448

1,214

—

$159,096 $ 188,807 $107,042 $ 61,228 $ 13,779 $ 6,758

C. CREDIT RISK

Credit risk arises from the potential that a counterparty to a financial
instrument  fails  to  meet  its  contractual  obligations  and  arises
principally from the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, short-
term investments and accounts receivable. The Company manages
credit risk associated with cash and cash equivalents by regularly
consulting  with  its  current  bank  and  investment  advisors  and
investing primarily in liquid short-term paper issued by Schedule 1
Canadian  banks,  R1  rated  companies  and  governments.  The
Company  monitors  its  portfolio,  and  its  policy  is  to  diversify  its
investments to manage this potential risk.

The  Company  is  also  exposed  to  credit  risk  with  respect  to
uncertainties as to timing and amount of collectability of accounts
receivable and other receivables. As at December 31, 2018, 87%
(December 31,  2017  -  80%)  of  accounts  receivable  relates  to
customer receivables, and 13% (December 31, 2017 - 20%) relates
to amounts due from related parties and income tax authorities for
value added taxes and other tax related refunds. In order to minimize
the risk of loss for customer receivables, the Company’s extension
of  credit  to  customers  involves  review  and  approval  by  senior
management  as  well  as  progress  payments  as  contracts  are
executed.  Most sales are invoiced with payment terms in the range
of 30 days to 90 days. The Company reviews its customer receivable
accounts  and  regularly  recognizes  an  allowance  for  doubtful
receivables as soon as the account is determined not to be fully
collectible.  Estimates  for  allowance  for  doubtful  debts  are
determined on a customer-by-customer evaluation of collectability
at each balance sheet reporting date, taking into consideration past

52  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash
flows of financial instruments will fluctuate because of changes in
foreign  currency  exchange  rates.  The  Company  conducts  a
significant  portion  of  its  business  activities  in  foreign  currencies,
primarily  the  United  States  dollar  and  the  Euro.  Cash  and  cash
equivalents,  short-term 
receivable,
accounts  payable,  and  long-term  debt  that  are  denominated  in
foreign currencies will be affected by changes in the exchange rate
between the Canadian dollar and these foreign currencies.

investments,  accounts 

The Company’s functional currency is the Canadian dollar. The U.S.
dollar amount of financial instruments subject to exposure to foreign
currency  risk  reflected  in  the  consolidated  balance  sheet  at
December 31, 2018 is as follows:

FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK IN
BALANCE SHEET

Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts receivable

Accounts payable

Long-term debt, including current portion

Long-term royalty payable, including current portion

U.S. dollars
8,973
$

1,229

5,519

34,243

20,935

E. INTEREST RATE RISK

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows
of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market
interest rates.  The Company is subject to interest rate risk on certain
long-term debt with variable rates of interest.  The Company limits
its  exposure  to  interest  rate  risk  by  continually  monitoring  and
adjusting portfolio duration to align to forecasted cash requirements
and anticipated changes in interest rates.

If  interest  rates  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2018  had
increased or decreased by 50 basis points, with all other variables
held constant, net loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 would
have increased or decreased by $92.

F. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL
INSTRUMENTS

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for cash and
cash  equivalents,  accounts  receivable,  accounts  payable  and
accrued  liabilities  approximate  their  fair  values  due  to  the  short-
term period to maturity of these instruments.

The long-term investments represent our interest in CWI, WWI and
other investments. CWI is accounted for using the equity method.
WWI and other investments are accounted for at fair value.

The carrying value of the EDC loan included in the long-term debt
(note 14a) approximates its fair value as the loan was executed
shortly before the 2017 year end. The UniCredit term loan facility
was  executed  in  October  2018  and  the  interest  rates  on  debt  is
floating, therefore, the carrying amount as at December 31, 2018
of this loan approximates its fair value. The carrying value reported
in 
financing  (note 14b)
approximates its fair value as at December 31, 2018, as the interest
rates on the debt is floating and therefore approximate the market
rates of interest.

the  balance  sheet 

the  senior 

for 

The Company categorizes its fair value measurements for items
measured at fair value on a recurring basis into three categories as
follows:

LEVEL 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities.

LEVEL 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as
quoted  prices  for  similar  assets  or  liabilities;  quoted  prices  in
markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or
can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially
the full term of the assets or liabilities.

LEVEL  3  -  Inputs  for  the  asset  or  liability  that  are  not  based  on
observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When  available,  the  Company  uses  quoted  market  prices  to
determine  fair  value  and  classify  such  items  in  Level  1.  When
necessary,  Level  2  valuations  are  performed  based  on  quoted
market  prices  for  similar  instruments  in  active  markets  and/or
model–derived valuations with inputs that are observable in active
markets.  Level  3  valuations  are  undertaken  in  the  absence  of
reliable Level 1 or Level 2 information.

As at December 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents and short-
term investments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis
and are included in Level 1.

Financial Statements  |  Notes  |  22. Financial Instruments

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  53

Information for Shareholders

Information for
Shareholders

DIRECTORS & EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Committees

Start
date

AU HR NC

Name / position

Residence

Jim Arthurs
Executive Vice President

North Vancouver,
British Columbia

May
2011

Michele Buchignani
Director

Vancouver,
British Columbia

Brenda J. Eprile
Chair & Director

Massimiliano Fissore
Senior Vice President

Dan Hancock
Director

Anthony Harris
Director

David Johnson
CEO and Director

Colin Johnston
Director

Jim MacCallum
Acting CFO

Scott Mackie
Director

Wade Nesmith
Director

Rodney T. Nunn
Director

Peter M. Yu
Director

North York,
Ontario

Cherasco, Italy

Indianapolis,
Indiana

Alameda,
California

Scottsdale,
Arizona

Turin,
Italy

Mar

2018 • •
2013 • •

Oct

Jun
2016

Jul
2017

June

2016 •

Jan
2019

• •
•

June

2016 • •

West Vancouver,
British Columbia

Aug
2014

Milford,
Michigan

Vancouver, British
Columbia

Chatham,
Ontario

New York City,
New York

Sept

2016 •
2017 •

Jun

Mar
2016

Jan
2016

•
•
• •

Committees are as follows: AU = Audit; HR = Human Resources &
Compensation;  NC = Nominating & Corporate Governance

Corporate Information

STOCK LISTINGS
NASDAQ
Toronto Stock Exchange

WPRT

WPRT

Westport Fuel Systems
Shareholder Services 
Shareholders  with  questions  about  their  account—including
change of address, lost stock certificates, or receipt of multiple mail-
outs and other related inquiries—should contact our Transfer Agent
and Registrar: 

Computershare Trust Company of Canada 

510 Burrard Street, 2nd Floor,
Vancouver, BC, Canada V6C 3B9
T 604-661-9400  F 604-661-9401 

54  |  WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT

Legal Counsel
Bennett Jones LLP, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 

Auditors
KPMG  LLP,  Independent  Registered  Public  Accounting  Firm,
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Annual Meeting Of
Shareholders 

WHEN: Monday, May 6, 2019 at 10:00 AM (Eastern Time)
WHERE: 3400 One First Canadian Place, Toronto, ON

Westport Fuel Systems
on the Net 

Topics featured can be found on our websites:

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS

wfsinc.com

FUEL FOR THOUGHT (blog)

blog.westport.com

YOUTUBE

FACEBOOK

TWITTER

youtube.com/westportdotcom

facebook.com/westportdotcom

twitter.com/westportdotcom

CUMMINS WESTPORT

cumminswestport.com

The information on these websites is not incorporated by reference
into this Annual Report. Financial results, Annual Information Form,
news,  services,  and  other  activities  can  also  be  found  on  the
Westport Fuel Systems website, on SEDAR at sedar.com, or at the
SEC  at  www.sec.gov.  Shareholders  and  other  interested  parties
can also sign up to receive news updates in a variety of formats
including  email,  Twitter,  and  RSS  feeds:  westport.com/contact/
subscriptions

Contact Information 
1750 W 75th Avenue, Suite 101
Vancouver, BC, Canada V6P 6G2
T 604-718-2000  F 604-718-2001
invest@wfsinc.com 

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this Annual Report constitute "forward-looking statements". When used in this document, the words "may",
"would", "could", "will", "intend", "plan", "anticipate", "believe", "estimate", "expect", "project" and similar expressions, as they relate to us or
our management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. In particular, this Annual Report contains forward-looking statements
pertaining to the following:

Information for Shareholders

•

•

•

•

Our efforts to capture operating efficiencies and reduce our expenses and the results of such efforts in the future;

The broadening of our product offerings as Westport Fuel Systems implements its strategic plan;

Future asset sales and right-sizing of Westport Fuel Systems cost structure and the results of such activities; and

The timing and effect of the launch of Westport HPDI 2.0TM commercial components with OEM launch partners. 

Such statements reflect management's current views with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties and are
based upon a number of factors and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in the foregoing forward-looking
statements due to a number of uncertainties and risks, including the risks described in Westport Fuel Systems Annual Information Form and
in the documents incorporated by reference into this Annual Report and other unforeseen risks. Such risks, uncertainties, factors and assumptions
include, without limitation:

• market acceptance of our products; 

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

product development delays and delays in contractual commitments; 

changing environmental regulations;

the ability to attract and retain business partners;

the success of our business partners and OEMs with whom we partner;

future levels of government funding and incentives; 

limitations in our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses; and

the ability to provide the capital required for research, product development, operations and marketing;

You should not rely on any forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement is made only as of the date of this Annual Report. We
undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise,
except as otherwise required by law. The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report are expressly qualified by this cautionary statement.

WESTPORT FUEL SYSTEMS INC. 2018 ANNUAL REPORT  |  55

please recycle

Westport Fuel Systems  |  1750 West 75th Avenue, Suite 101, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6P 6G2  |  +1 604-718-2000  |  invest@wfsinc.com  |  wfsinc.com