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Workiva

wk · NYSE Technology
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FY2021 Annual Report · Workiva
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Workiva Inc.
Workiva Inc.
2020 Annual Report
2020 Annual Report

Table of Contents

1 – Letter from the CEO

2  – Powering Growth

3 – Powering Transparency

4 – Powering Culture

Inside Back Cover – 
Board of Directors & Executive Management

Workiva Inc. is on a mission to power transparent 
reporting for a better world. We build and deliver 
the world’s leading regulatory, financial, and ESG 
reporting solutions to meet stakeholder demands 
for action, transparency, and disclosure of 
financial and non-financial data.

Letter from the CEO

Dear Fellow Stockholders —

The Workiva team delivered very strong results in 2021, driven by 
the focused execution of our strategy. We continue to grow the 
business by attracting and retaining top talent, investing in the 
development and innovation of our platform and fit-for-purpose 
solutions, and consistently delivering an outstanding  
customer experience.  

Our results reflect our market leadership in transparent 
connected reporting, and the significant increases we’re seeing 
in macro trends such as digital transformations, increased 
compliance and reporting requirements, and stakeholder demand 
for ESG data. In 2021, we achieved the following results:

•  Generated record bookings which resulted in year-over-year 

growth of over 28% in subscription & support revenue, and 
over 26% in total revenue 

•  Grew our global customer base to over 4,300 customers, 

adding 592 net new customers  

• 

• 

Increased our revenue retention rate to 97% in the fourth 
quarter, the highest in company history 

Completed three strategic acquisitions, including OneCloud, 
AuditNet, and Arelle 

•  Delivered a 32% increase in the number of customers with 

contract values over $100k 

• 

• 

• 

Expanded our partner ecosystem reach to over 200 entities 

Launched an exciting new ESG fit-for-purpose solution, and 
new platform features and capabilities 

Estimated that our total addressable market (TAM) grew  
by $9 billion to $25 billion 

We believe these 
investments in ESG,  
along with our other  
fit-for-purpose solutions, 
will position us to deliver 
durable low- to mid-20% 
revenue growth. 

We are highly encouraged by our customers’ and partners’ initial 
response to our ESG solution. It is still early, but the global market 
is moving fast. In 2022, we will strategically invest in our people, 
technology, partners, and go-to-market strategy in order to 
capture this significant ESG market opportunity. We believe these 
investments in ESG, along with our other fit-for-purpose solutions, 
will position us to deliver durable low- to mid-20% revenue growth. 

In closing, it continues to be an exciting time for Workiva. We 
believe we are well-positioned and have the right strategy in place 
to capitalize on the increasing global opportunities to power 
transparent reporting for a better world.

•  Named a Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work For®  - for the 

Marty Vanderploeg

third consecutive year 

•  Updated our company mission to “Powering Transparent 

Reporting for a Better World” to better reflect our aspirations 
for how we want to positively impact the world

We entered 2022 with great momentum and are strategically 
investing in our ESG offering to accelerate global growth,  
advance our product roadmap, and increase our sales pipeline. 
ESG reporting is complex, making it a natural fit for our platform 
and a compelling market for us. We have over a decade of 
experience and have invested over $600 million to deliver a cloud 
platform that supports investor-grade reporting for the world’s 
largest organizations.  

1

Powering Growth

Workiva targets being a low- to mid-20% growth company, and in 2021, we generated over $443 
million in total revenue – a 26% year-over-year increase. We estimate our Total Addressable Market 
(TAM) has expanded to $25 billion with our entry into new markets and new geographies, and with 
an expanded solution portfolio.

Workiva’s Growth Strategy Equation
Our growth strategy equation guides us in making thoughtful and deliberate decisions, aligning and focusing 
the organization, and exposing and mitigating risks:

Customer Growth
Our customers are passionate supporters of our solutions as demonstrated by our subscription & support revenue retention 
rate of 97% in the fourth quarter. We have two significant opportunities for solution expansion within our loyal customer 
base: connectivity, a key requirement to address technical complexity, and multi-solution deals. In 2021, we increased 
multiple solutions sales to our customers. Compared to 2020, we experienced a 38% YoY increase in contracts with  
values over $150K, which is largely due to multi-solution deals.

Global Expansion
We believe growth outside of North America presents an attractive opportunity because the factors that drive demand 
for our solutions in North America are similar to those in other developed countries. We intend to continue investing in 
sales and marketing to drive growth in the U.S., Canada, Europe and parts of the Asia-Pacific region and Latin America.

Growth through Acquisitions
Our management and corporate development teams regularly review acquisition opportunities with a strong strategic 
rationale that can extend our platform and accelerate our revenue growth. In 2021, we completed three strategic, tuck-in 
acquisitions that expanded our platform, increased our capabilities, and grew our customer base. 

OneCloud enables customers to have end-to-end connected reporting in combination with integration to thousands of 
applications and the engagement of a large number of business users who need self-sufficient preparation and mapping 
of their day-to-day data sets. AuditNet is an online portal for the global audit community that serves as a primary 
communications platform for over 160,000 practitioners to access and share content, resources, and audit program tools 
and templates. Arelle is the leading XBRL platform and the only open source XBRL-certified validation engine used by a 
community of over 50 global regulators, banks, and technology companies that depend on it for data quality and comparison.

Partner Ecosystem
In 2021, we continued to expand and strengthen our partner ecosystem which now includes over 200 entities.  Our 
partners are an important part of our growth strategy. They extend our geographic reach, accelerate the usage and 
adoption of our platform, and enable more efficient delivery of professional services. Most recently, we announced  
new partner relationships to support our ESG growth.

2

Powering Transparency

It’s more critical than ever for companies to be transparent and accountable not just to 
stockholders and investors... but to all stakeholders. And that’s where Workiva comes in. We 
have the technology, through our innovative Workiva Platform, to enable, support, and power 
transparent financial, regulatory, and ESG reporting. It’s through this trust and transparency that 
we build relationships with our employees, customers, partners, the industry, and beyond.

Advancing 
ESG

We reinforced our commitment to ESG, launching a new end-to-
end, fit-for-purpose solution that allows businesses to keep pace 
with the demand from regulators, ratings agencies, institutional 
investors, and other stakeholders for trusted, transparent data and 
proof of ESG forward-looking business goals.

Enhanced 
Platform 
Capabilities

Over 200 new features and enhancements including data prep, 
audit analytics, and transfer pricing were added to our platform, 
which now integrates with over 150 systems of record.

In July, the Workiva Marketplace launched with more than 140 
Workiva-built and partner templates, services, and 60 no-code 
connectors that streamline existing processes and solve new 
business problems all within the Workiva platform’s connected  
and secure ecosystem.

Industry 
Leadership

Workiva became the first SaaS company to join the United Nations 
Global Compact CFO Taskforce, working alongside global peers to guide 
companies in aligning their sustainability commitments with credible 
corporate finance strategies to create real-world impact. Our platform’s 
ability to manage the most significant ESG risks earned us an AA rating 
by Morgan Stanley Capital International. Our position as a leader in 
governance, risk, and compliance was reinforced by The Forrester Wave: 
Governance, Risk, and Compliance Platforms Q3 2021 Report, showing the 
world we simplify complex work better than any other technology provider. 

3

Powering Culture

We’re proud of our culture. It’s driven by our company values of customer success, innovation, 
trust, integrity, inclusion, collaboration, and accountability. These values are present in everything 
we do as a company – from how we take care of our employees to how we serve our customers 
and communities.

•  Our flexible “work where you work best” philosophy connects employees through 

technology and in-office experiences, allowing them to do their best work in the location  
that works best for them. 

•  Our award-winning culture consistently earns us a spot on the Fortune 100 Best Companies 

to Work For® list and we are recognized as a best workplace in technology and best 
workplace for millennials and parents. 

•  Workiva employees are empowered to give back to their communities through our global 
philanthropic programs. In 2021, we achieved our highest annual giving campaign results, 
exceeding $180K in financial contributions to charitable causes all over the world. Employees 
are also given 8 hours of paid time off to volunteer each year. 

•  Workiva is committing to ESG through authentic and purposeful action—supporting 

our people and customers, protecting the environment, and conducting good business 
practices. As part of our commitment, in 2021 we established our corporate ESG strategy, 
along with our ESG governance structure, materiality approach, stakeholder engagement 
process, and alignment with UN SDGs and the Task Force on Climate-related Disclosures. 

•  We are focused on building an environment where everyone belongs, and we hold ourselves 

accountable for supporting and strengthening diversity, equity, and inclusion. We do so 
through transparent reporting of our diversity representation data on our intranet and 
company website. 

•  We continue to enhance our benefits programs to retain and attract the very best talent. In 

2021, we added Juneteenth as an annual holiday and a 401(k) match for our employees in the 
U.S. We also introduced mental health benefits and offered extra paid mental wellness days 
to all employees worldwide.

4

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
___________________________________
FORM 10-K
___________________________________

(Mark One)

☒

☐

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For transition period from               to

Commission File Number 001-36773

___________________________________
WORKIVA INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________________

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of 
incorporation or organization)

47-2509828
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

2900 University Blvd
Ames, IA 50010
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(888) 275-3125
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
___________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Class A common stock, par value $.001

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered
New York Stock Exchange

WK
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:
None
___________________________________

Indicate by a check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 

1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such 
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý	No¨ 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 
405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit 
such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  is  a  large  accelerated  filer,  an  accelerated  filer,  a  non-accelerated  filer,  a  smaller  reporting 
company,  or  an  emerging  growth  company.  See  the  definitions  of  “large  accelerated  filer,”  “accelerated  filer”,  “smaller  reporting  company,”  and 
“emerging 
Act.
Large accelerated filer ý

Accelerated filer o

company” 

Exchange 

growth 

12b-2 

Rule 

the 

of 

in 

Non-accelerated filer  ¨  

Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with 

any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  has  filed  a  report  on  and  attestation  to  its  management’s  assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  its 
internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm 
that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ¨ No ý
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant on June 30, 2021, based on the closing price of $111.33 for 
shares of the Registrant’s Class A common stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange, was approximately $4.7 billion. Shares of common 
stock beneficially owned by each executive officer, director, and holder of more than 10% of our common stock have been excluded in that such persons 
may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

As  of  February  17,  2022,  there  were  approximately  48,066,708  shares  of  the  registrant's  Class  A  common  stock  and  3,890,583  shares  of  the 

registrant's Class B common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Information required in response to Part III of Form 10-K (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) is hereby incorporated by reference to portions of the 
Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2022. The Proxy Statement will be filed by the Registrant with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the Registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. 

WORKIVA INC.
FORM 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I
Business   ..............................................................................................................................................
Item 1.
Item 1A. Risk Factors    ........................................................................................................................................
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments   ..............................................................................................................
Properties    ............................................................................................................................................
Item 2.
Legal Proceedings     ..............................................................................................................................
Item 3.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures .....................................................................................................................

Part II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 

Equity Securities      ................................................................................................................................

Item 6.
[Reserved]       ..........................................................................................................................................
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   ............
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk  .............................................................

Page

1
15
38
38
38
38

39

41

42

57

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data    ..................................................................................

Item 8.
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure    ............ 100
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures      .................................................................................................................... 100
Item 9B. Other Information   ............................................................................................................................... 101
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections  ............................................... 101

59

Part III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance   ................................................................. 102
Item 11. Executive Compensation     .................................................................................................................... 104
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 
Matters    ................................................................................................................................................ 104
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence .................................... 104
Item 14.

Principal Accounting Fees and Services   ............................................................................................ 104

Part IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules   ...................................................................................... 105

SIGNATURES    ..................................................................................................................................................... S-1

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND 
INFORMATION

Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are “forward-looking statements” within 
the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) and 
are subject to the safe harbor created thereby. All statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-
K other than statements of historical facts, including statements regarding our future results of operations 
and  financial  position,  our  business  strategy  and  plans  and  our  objectives  for  future  operations,  are 
forward-looking  statements.  The  words  “believe,”  “may,”  “will,”  “estimate,”  “continue,”  “anticipate,” 
“intend,” “expect” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have 
based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future 
events  and  financial  trends  that  we  believe  may  affect  our  financial  condition,  results  of  operations, 
business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives and financial needs. These 
forward-looking  statements  are  subject  to  a  number  of  risks,  uncertainties  and  assumptions,  including 
those  described  in  “Item  1A.  Risk  Factors.”  Moreover,  we  operate  in  a  very  competitive  and  rapidly 
changing  environment.  New  risks  emerge  from  time  to  time.  It  is  not  possible  for  our  management  to 
predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any 
factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any 
forward-looking  statements  we  may  make.  In  light  of  these  risks,  uncertainties  and  assumptions,  the 
future events and trends discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may not occur and actual results 
could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

Although  we  believe  that  the  expectations  reflected  in  the  forward-looking  statements  are 
reasonable,  we  cannot  guarantee  future  results,  levels  of  activity,  performance,  achievements  or  events 
and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will occur. We are under no duty to update 
any of these forward-looking statements after completion of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to conform 
these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this Form 10-K concerning our industry and 
the  markets  in  which  we  operate  is  based  on  information  from  independent  industry  and  research 
organizations,  other  third-party  sources  (including  industry  publications,  surveys  and  forecasts),  and 
management estimates. Management estimates are derived from publicly available information released 
by independent industry analysts and third-party sources, as well as data from our internal research, and 
are based on assumptions made by us upon reviewing such data and our knowledge of such industry and 
markets that we believe to be reasonable. Although we believe the data from these third-party sources is 
reliable, we have not independently verified any third-party information.

Part I.

Item 1. Business

Overview

Workiva’s  mission  is  to  power  transparent  reporting  for  a  better  world.  We  believe  that 
consumers,  employees,  shareholders,  and  other  stakeholders  today  expect  more  from  business  –  more 
action,  transparency,  and  disclosure  of  financial  and  non-financial  information.    We  build  solutions  to 
meet that demand and streamline processes, connect data and teams, and ensure consistency – all within a 
controlled, secure, audit-ready, cloud platform.

Workiva delivers the world’s leading cloud platform for regulatory, financial and environmental, 
social  and  governance  (“ESG”)  reporting.  Workiva  provides  more  than  4,300  organizations  with 
software-as-a-service  solutions  to  help  solve  some  of  the  most  complex  reporting  and  disclosure 
challenges.  People  all  over  the  world  use  our  connected,  cloud  platform  to  seamlessly  enable 
collaboration  and  deep  integration  into  existing  work  streams  to  simplify  their  most  complex  reporting 
challenges.

While  our  customers  use  our  platform  for  more  than  100  different  use  cases,  we  organize  our 
sales  and  marketing  resources  into  four  solution  groups  focusing  primarily  on  the  office  of  the  Chief 
Financial  Officer  (“CFO”):  regulatory  reporting,  non-regulatory  reporting,  financial  services  and 
integrated  risk.  Our  platform  empowers  our  customers  by  connecting  and  transforming  data  from 
enterprise  resource  planning  (“ERP”),  governance  risk  and  compliance  (“GRC”),  human  capital 
management (“HCM”) and customer relationship management (“CRM”) systems, as well as other third-
party cloud and on-premise applications. Customers use our platform to create, review and publish data-
linked documents and reports with greater control, consistency, accuracy and productivity. Our platform 
is  flexible  and  scalable,  so  customers  can  easily  adapt  it  to  define,  automate  and  change  their  business 
processes in real time.

We have experienced strong revenue growth since we released our first solution in March 2010. 
Our  revenue  increased  from  $297.9  million  in  2019  to  $443.3  million  in  2021,  representing  a  22% 
compound annual growth rate. We incurred net losses of $47.5 million in 2019, $48.4 million in 2020 and 
$37.7  million  in  2021.  Approximately  86%  of  our  revenue  in  2021  was  derived  from  subscription  and 
support fees, with the remainder from professional services. 

1

Macro Trends

We  designed  our  cloud-based  platform  to  simplify  complex  work,  supporting  both  remote  and 
hybrid work environments. Six macro trends have been driving demand for Workiva's platform: the shift 
to the cloud; digital transformation; remote and hybrid work; influx of disparate data sources; increased 
regulatory environment; and increased investor demands for ESG data. 

Shift  to  the  Cloud.  Enterprises  around  the  world  have  been  shifting  deployment  of  data 
management systems from on-premises to the cloud. A shift to the cloud started more than two decades 
ago  with  CRM  and  other  front-office  systems.  In  the  last  10  years,  enterprises  also  began  adopting  the 
cloud  for  managing  middle-  and  back-office  systems,  owing  to  advantages  in  data  security,  data 
accessibility  and  total  cost  of  operation.  Having  always  delivered  a  cloud  native  platform,  we  have 
assisted many of our clients in adopting our cloud solutions and believe that the market has shifted to a 
cloud first or in many cases a cloud only set of purchasing requirements.

Digital  Transformation.  While  the  importance  of  digital  transformation  has  been  increasing  in 
recent years, we believe that the pandemic accelerated that need and underscored the critical importance 
of  collaborative  cloud  platforms  for  reporting  and  disclosure.  As  the  world  economy  underwent 
increasing  disruption,  we  believe  that  those  companies  that  have  embraced  digital  transformation  were 
better able to maintain business continuity and improve productivity. Each of our fit-for-purpose solutions 
helps  in  critical  aspects  of  our  customers’  digital  transformation  journeys  and  simplifies  the  complex 
work around reporting and disclosure.

Remote  and  Hybrid  Work  Environments.  We  believe  that  remote  and  hybrid  work  are  here  to 
stay. To attract and retain talent in the marketplace of knowledge workers, enterprises are responding to 
pressure to adopt more flexible work environments. Companies that manage a growing number of digital 
workplace  employees  are  implementing  collaborative  technologies  to  streamline  work  processes  and 
automate decision-making, actions and responses. 

Influx of disparate data sources. As organizations capture and collect more data in more systems, 
the  assembly,  aggregation,  and  consolidation  of  that  data  becomes  more  complex.  Integrating  with  and 
connecting  to  source  systems  and  applications  is  one  of  the  key  requirements  to  address  the  technical 
complexity of reporting and disclosure, and is top of mind for the organizations we serve. 

Increased Regulatory Environment. The regulatory environment continues to expand globally in 
both  scope  and  complexity.  Regulations  are  increasing  as  are  demands  for  more  data  and  disclosure. 
Regulators  are  also  demanding  greater  use  of  structured,  machine-readable  data  in  companies’ 
disclosures.  Many  regulators  have  already  or  will  be  implementing  structured  data  mandates,  requiring 
companies  to  tag  data  in  their  financial  statements  using  eXtensible  Business  Reporting  Language 
(“XBRL”),  which  is  a  royalty-free,  international  standard  designed  specifically  for  digital  reporting  of 
financial, performance, risk and compliance information. XBRL provides a unique, machine-readable tag 
for individual disclosures within business reports. To our knowledge, 60 countries have issued over 180 
mandates for XBRL, and we expect use of the standard to continue to grow. 

Increased Investor Demands for ESG Data. We believe it is more critical than ever for companies 
to  be  transparent  and  accountable  not  just  to  shareholders  and  investors  but  to  all  stakeholders: 
employees,  customers,  suppliers,  partners  and  communities.  Today,  more  than  ever,  environmental 
impact, social responsibility and  corporate governance are impacting the valuations of companies and the 
ability  of  institutions to  invest in those companies. ESG reporting is complex. It requires the ingestion, 
capture, management, and reporting of financial and non-financial data from many disparate sources, and 
it requires the collaboration of multiple internal stakeholders. 

2

Growth Vectors

We  are  focusing  investment  on  five  major  growth  opportunities:  global  expansion,  ESG, 

European Single Electronic Format (“ESEF”), capital markets, and our partner ecosystem.

Global  Expansion.  We  believe  growth  outside  of  North  America  presents  an  attractive 
opportunity because the factors that drive demand for our solutions in North America are similar to those 
in  other  developed  countries,  including  the  need  to  manage  complex  datasets,  reduce  errors  and  risk, 
improve  efficiency  and  respond  to  regulatory  requirements.  In  2021,  attendees  from  108  countries 
attended our virtual annual user conference Workiva Amplify. 

In 2021, we generated approximately 10% of our consolidated revenue from Europe, the Middle 
East and Africa (“EMEA”) and Asia-Pacific (“APAC”), and we expect these global markets to contribute 
an increasing percentage of total revenue.  

Environmental,  Social,  Governance  Reporting.  We  plan  to  accelerate  our  investments  to  meet 
stakeholders’  growing  need  for  ESG  information.  In  an  increasingly  transparent  world,  organizations 
across  the  globe  are  disclosing  non-financial  key  performance  indicators  around  environmental,  social, 
and  governance  issues.  ESG-related  information  is  beginning  to  appear  in  mainstream  financial  reports 
like 10-Ks and we believe this trend will accelerate in the coming years. Workiva’s fit-for-purpose ESG 
solution provides an effective platform to help organizations manage, collaborate, and disclose their ESG 
information to stakeholders.

European  Single  Electronic  Format.  We  believe  ESEF  is  an  accelerator  for  modernization  of 
corporate reporting in Europe. ESEF is an annual financial reporting regulation specified by the European 
Securities  and  Markets  Authority  (“ESMA”).  The  ESMA  mandate  requires  all  specified  issuers  on 
European  Union  (“E.U.”)  regulated  markets  to  file  annual  account  statements  in  a  digital  format  using 
iXBRL. The key driver for ESEF is greater transparency and requires standardized reporting, consistently 
structured and accessible for stakeholders, thus we believe making it an ideal fit for Workiva.

Capital Markets. Capital Markets aligns well with Workiva’s product and platform offering. We 
have an end-to-end technology platform supporting our customers throughout their journey as they move 
from being a privately held company to being publicly traded. We believe that our platform approach and 
fit-for-purpose  solutions  provide  a  competitive  differentiation  in  the  market.  Private  companies  can 
purchase the Workiva platform for financial reporting, management reporting and controls management. 
They may do this up to a year or two in advance of their target initial public offering (“IPO”) date. As 
these  companies  go  through  the  IPO  process,  they  then  have  the  opportunity  to  use  the  capital  markets 
solution on our platform to manage the creation of their Form S-1 to register their securities with the U.S. 
Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Around the time they go public, many of these customers 
may then purchase our SEC solution, which enables companies to prepare and file all major SEC reports, 
and  expand  the  use  of  our  platform  to  support  their  audit  requirements  under  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act 
(“SOX”).

Partner  Ecosystem.  We  believe  that  our  ecosystem  of  partners  extends  our  geographic  reach, 
accelerates  the  usage  and  adoption  of  our  platform,  and  enables  more  efficient  delivery  of  professional 
services. We intend to expand and deepen our relationships with global and regional partners, including 
global  consulting  firms,  systems  integrators,  large  and  mid-sized  independent  software  vendors  and 
implementation partners. Our advisory and service partners offer a wider range of domain and functional 
expertise  that  broadens  our  platform’s  capabilities  and  promotes  Workiva  as  part  of  the  digital 
transformation projects they drive for their customers.

3

Workiva Solutions

We organize our sales and marketing resources into four solution groups: Regulatory Reporting, 

Non-Regulatory Reporting, Integrated Risk and Financial Services.

Regulatory Reporting

Changing  regulations  and  mandates  create  complexity  in  regulatory  and  compliance  reporting, 
which  is  often  executed  by  teams  distributed  across  different  departments  and  geographies  within 
organizations. While changes to future regulations are unpredictable, we expect demand for our platform 
to remain strong owing to its ability to improve transparency, accountability and insight into data.

ESG  Reporting.  Our  platform  streamlines  the  entire  ESG  process  from  automating  data 
collection,  utilizing  frameworks,  and  integrating  financial  and  non-financial  data,  including  from 
disparate ESG sources. It enables organizations to deliver high-quality disclosures to their most important 
stakeholder by connecting information directly into sustainability reports, surveys, statutory disclosures, 
annual reports, SEC filings, earnings call scripts, and also enables XBRL tagging. 

SEC  and  System  for  Electronic  Document  Analysis  and  Retrieval  (“SEDAR”)  Reporting.  Our 
platform gives customers control over the entire SEC reporting process, from data collection to drafting to 
embedding supporting documentation to the actual filing with Inline XBRL. Our SEC reporting solution 
allows our customers to prepare and file all major SEC reports, such as Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 
8-K,  as  well  as  Form  S-1  and  other  registration  statements,  proxy  statements  and  Section  16  reports. 
Features tailored to the SEC reporting process include the capability to concurrently create reports in the 
HTML  format  required  for  filing  on  the  SEC’s  Electronic  Data  Gathering,  Analysis  and  Retrieval 
(“EDGAR”) system and the ability to perform XBRL tagging as well as to submit SEC reports with Inline 
XBRL.  Foreign  Private  Issuers  can  use  our  platform  to  include  XBRL  tagging  in  their  20-F  and  40-F 
filings  with  the  SEC.  Workiva  also  enables  customers  to  create  earnings  press  releases,  earnings  call 
scripts, presentations and other investor relations materials with data linked to the corresponding filing. 
Canadian issuers can use our platform to draft and submit reports through SEDAR.

ESEF Reporting. We market our platform in Europe to help companies comply with the ESMA 
mandate to use Inline XBRL for its ESEF taxonomy. More than 5,000 European issuers are subject to the 
required taxonomy for their annual financial reports.

Federal  Energy  Regulatory  Commission  (“FERC”)  Reporting.  We  market  our  platform  to  help 
companies  comply  with  the  FERC  XBRL  mandate.  More  than  200  utility,  natural  gas,  oil  pipeline  and 
centralized service companies are required to file quarterly and annual reports using XBRL.

Global Statutory Reporting. We see growing demand for our platform in the U.S. and in Europe 
for  statutory  reporting, which is a complex process for our multinational customers that are required to 
report statutory financial information throughout different countries and local jurisdictions where they do 
business. Currently, most of these enterprises rely on hundreds of legacy word-processing documents and 
spreadsheets with no digital audit trail. This disconnected, manual process is prone to errors and creates 
risk  of  accounting  inconsistencies  in  reports  between  legal  entities  across  jurisdictions.  Without  a 
standardized  process  and  central  oversight,  companies  face  enormous  risk  and  high  expenses  related  to 
outsourcing  to  a  bevy  of  consultants  and  accounting  firms,  which  weakens  control  and  extends  review 
time. 

Government  Regulatory  Reporting.  State  and  local  governments  use  our  platform  to  streamline 
and  modernize  Comprehensive  Annual  Financial  Reports  (“CAFR”)  and  budgeting.  We  are  also 
expanding adoption of our platform across U.S. government agencies. With our FedRAMP authorization, 
we can help federal agencies connect, control and report up to 80 percent of their information types. 

4

Non-Regulatory Reporting

Public and private companies, government agencies and higher-education institutions must create 
a  vast  array  of  complex  financial  and  managerial  reports.  Organizations  of  all  sizes  typically  have  to 
collect, track, manage and report on a wide range of operating metrics to drive better business outcomes. 
Our customers continuously find new use cases across their organizations, including Financial Planning 
and  Analysis  (“FP&A”),  board/committee  and  quarterly  reporting,  C-Suite  reporting,  strategic  business 
plans,  financial  statements,  variance  reports,  monthly  management  reports,  managing  and  tracking  key 
performance  indicators,  data  collection  for  domestic  sales,  performance  reporting  and  employee  benefit 
financial statements.

Integrated Risk

We  sell  our  platform  to  teams  that  work  in  SOX  compliance,  internal  audit  management, 

enterprise risk management and policy and procedure management.

SOX  Compliance.  Our  customers  use  our  platform  to  increase  efficiency  in  documenting, 
implementing and assessing internal controls over financial reporting (“ICFR”) as required by SOX. SOX 
also  requires  public  company  CEOs  and  CFOs  to  individually  certify  that  their  annual  and  quarterly 
financial  reports  are  accurate  and  complete  and  to  assess  the  effectiveness  of  their  ICFR.  Increased 
scrutiny from the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board on audits of management’s assessment of 
internal  controls  –  and  the  transition  in  the  framework  used  for  assessing  internal  controls  –  is  driving 
public companies to find more efficient and accurate solutions for SOX compliance. Our customers can 
collect data from multiple departments, centralize that information in a linked platform, create and track 
process narratives and flows with co-workers, embed evidence and directly test controls. 

Internal Audit Management. We sell to the broad-based audit market because users in that market 
often collaborate with colleagues working in SOX, risk and controls across an organization. Internal audit 
management  extends  throughout  an  organization,  attracting  Workiva  customers  from  a  wide  range  of 
departments.  Internal  audit  management  includes  audit  risk  assessments,  the  audit  planning  process, 
workpaper  management,  testing,  issues  management  and  audit  reports  that  encompass  the  audit 
committee report and the internal audit group. Workiva enables simultaneous collaboration with control 
and  accountability  and  enables  robust  documentation,  accurate  audit  conclusions  and  complete  audit 
trails, which are essential to auditors, executives and boards. With permission controls, administrators can 
restrict access at all levels for each user to create, review and edit data and documents that relate directly 
to  them.  This  control  feature  also  enables  users  to  grant  access  to  their  external  auditors,  which  further 
streamlines the review process and reduces expenses. 

Enterprise  Risk  Management.  With  our  platform,  our  customers  can  integrate  their  risk 
management practices throughout the organization while maintaining information privacy, audit trails and 
security resulting in highly efficient and transparent compliance. We also sell a solution for ERM to help 
enterprises  identify  systemic  risks,  determine  risk  probabilities,  assess  risk  magnitude,  plan  strategic 
responses, report to boards and other stakeholders and ultimately make real-time ERM decisions.

Policy and Procedure Management. Our customers can use our platform to establish a connected, 
enterprise-wide policy and procedure management process. Teams can access and manage all content for 
policies,  standards,  procedures  and  guidelines  for  the  entire  enterprise  in  our  platform,  and  they  can 
efficiently  manage  ongoing  policy  review  cycles  throughout  the  year.  Customers  can  map  policies 
directly  to  risks,  controls,  processes  and  regulations  and  create  a  consistent  template-driven  format  or 
taxonomy  for  all  policies.  Customers  can  also  distribute  and  track  employee  attestation  of  policies  and 
procedures with automated certification reminders and progress dashboards. 

5

Financial Services

We  market  our  platform  to  address  regulatory  compliance  risk  and  enterprise  risk  at  banks, 
insurance  companies  and  other  financial  services  companies.  Examples  of  regulations  facing  our 
customers  include  the  Dodd-Frank  Act,  Basel  III,  Capital  Requirements  Regulation  (“CRR”),  Capital 
Requirements  Directive  (“CRD”),  Resolution  and  Recovery  Plans  (“RRP”),  Comprehensive  Capital 
Analysis  and  Review  (“CCAR”),  and  Dodd-Frank  Stress  Testing  (“DFAST”).  We  also  help  investment 
management companies streamline industry-specific compliance and capital markets transactions.

We  also  market  our  platform  to  help  organizations  comply  with  the  European  Banking 
Authority’s Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (“SREP”), which requires institutions to report 
on their Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (“ICAAP”) and the Internal Liquidity Adequacy 
Assessment Process (“ILAAP”). In addition, our platform helps financial services firms in the UK comply 
with regulations from The Financial Conduct Authority, which requires reporting under the Client Asset 
Sourcebook (“CASS”) rules for registered firms who hold or control client money or custody assets.

Workiva Platform

The  Workiva  platform  is  single  instance,  multi-tenant  software  deployed  in  the  cloud.  Our 
platform,  built  on  Amazon  Web  Services  and  Google  Cloud  Platform,  is  composed  of  both  proprietary 
and open-source technologies. Customers can access Workiva solutions with any standard web browser. 

We believe the following characteristics highlight our platform’s key competitive advantages:

Features  and  Functionality.  Our  platform  allows  customers  to  connect  data  from  ERP,  GRC, 
HCM  and  CRM  systems,  as  well  as  other  third-party  cloud  and  on-premise  applications  with  complete 
control,  context,  and  clarity.  Workiva's  drag-and-drop  data  transformation  and  preparation  capabilities 
deliver previews and provide insights on the fly. Organizations can simply extract data from sources into 
the  Workiva  platform  where  they  can  perform  queries,  filter,  and  clean  the  datasets,  and  do  it  across 
millions  of  records  that  typical  spreadsheets  can’t  handle.  Once  the  data  is  connected  in  the  Workiva 
platform, users can automate data and workflow updates, track every change and seamlessly collaborate 
with colleagues to create trusted reports and regulatory filings.

With our platform’s data-linking capabilities, every change is automatically updated in all linked 
instances—including  narrative  and  numbers—throughout  spreadsheets,  word-processing  documents, 
charts and graphs, presentation decks and dashboards in our platform. Linking enables data consistency 
and ensures that collaborators are working with the most current data. 

Our  platform's  detailed  audit  trail  provides  accountability  and  transparency  by  tracking  every 
change made by every user over time. A complete record of data provenance and all changes helps our 
customers mitigate risk, gain insights and make better, data-driven decisions.

 With permission controls in our platform, administrators can manage access at all levels so each 
user  can  create,  review  and  edit  data  and  documents.  This  control  feature  also  enables  users  to  grant 
access  to  their  external  auditors,  outside  counsel  and  other  consultants,  which  further  streamlines  the 
review process and reduces expenses. 

Easy to Deploy and Configure. The Workiva platform can be deployed within days or weeks for 
new  customers  and  can  be  easily  configured  by  the  customer  for  individual  employees  or  entire  teams. 
Because  our  solutions  are  browser-based,  customers  avoid  costly,  time-intensive  deployments  typically 
associated with on-premise enterprise software.

6

High  Performance.  The  architecture,  design,  deployment  and  management  of  our  solutions 
provide enterprise-grade scalability, availability and security. The performance of the Workiva platform 
has been tested and proven by some of the largest, most demanding enterprises in the world. 

Continuous Improvement. Frequent collaboration with customers and development iteration allow 
us to make continuous improvements by releasing a new version of our platform several times each week. 

Scales Rapidly. The Workiva platform is designed to support millions of end users as a result of 
its scalability and our relationship with Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud Platform. A number of 
our  customers  have  reported  millions  of  links  to  single  sources  of  data,  among  multiple  documents, 
spreadsheets and presentations, without any discernible negative effects on performance. 

Secure. Many of the largest enterprises in the world trust us with their most sensitive data. We 
employ  stringent  data  security,  reliability,  integrity  and  privacy  practices.  In  addition  to  our  regular 
customer security assessments, we engage in continuous and ongoing penetration and vulnerability testing 
(manual and automatic, internal and third-party) and adhere to standards established by third parties such 
as FedRAMP and ISO 27001.  We also engage third-party auditors to evaluate our controls against the 
service organization controls (“SOC”) compliance frameworks.

Marketplace.  The  Workiva  Marketplace  enables  organizations  to  streamline  existing  processes 
and solve new business problems by activating more than 140 ready-made templates, 70+ no-code data 
connectors, and services from industry experts and trusted partners — all within the Workiva platform’s 
connected and secure ecosystem. Its offerings include process checklists, carefully organized and linked 
reports,  style  guides,  perfectly  formatted  presentations,  and  more.  Accounting,  sustainability,  audit, 
financial planning & analysis, financial services, and legal teams can easily add templates or connectors 
directly  into  an  existing  Workiva  workspace  and  optimize  workflow  with  process  automation,  practical 
examples, and industry best practices.

7

Recent Platform Milestones

In January 2021, we completed the migration of all Workiva customers onto our new platform, 
which  is  faster  and  more  scalable  with  dozens  of  new  capabilities,  including  improved  real-time 
collaboration, new data importers and exporters, multi-monitor support, drag and drop capabilities, better 
charts,  Workspaces  for  teams,  additional  languages  and  currencies,  an  improved  filing  wizard  and 
additional ways to link data.

In  April  2021,  we  launched  our  newest  fit-for-purpose  solution,  ESG.  This  end-to-end  solution 
empowers  businesses  to  keep  pace  with  the  demand  from  regulators,  ratings  agencies,  institutional 
investors and other stakeholders for trusted, transparent data and proof of ESG forward-looking business 
goals. 

In July 2021, we launched the Workiva Marketplace, filled with more than 140 Workiva-built and 
partner templates, services and 70+ no-code connectors that streamline existing processes and solve new 
business problems all within the Workiva cloud platform’s connected and secure ecosystem. 

In  August  2021,  we  announced  the  strategic  tuck-in  acquisition  of  OneCloud,  a  pioneer  in 
integration  platform  as  a  service  (“iPaaS”)  technology.  We  acquired  OneCloud  to  extend  our  platform 
capabilities in data integration and preparation. OneCloud had been an original equipment manufacturer 
(“OEM”)  partner  of  ours  since  July  2019.  OneCloud’s  technology  expanded  the  Workiva  platform, 
enabling  our  customers  to  connect  data  from  third-party  sources,  such  as  ERP,  GRC,  HCM  and  CRM 
systems,  as  well  as  other  third-party  cloud  and  on-premise  applications.  We  believe  connecting, 
harmonizing  and  controlling  data  across  multiple,  disparate  source  systems  further  differentiates  the 
Workiva platform. By acquiring OneCloud, we now fully own the complete end-to-end technology of our 
platform.

In September 2021, we launched a new data preparation capability within the Workiva platform 
(“Data  Prep”)  that  streamlines  compliance  reporting  and  empowers  collaboration  among  financial  and 
operational  teams  across  organizations.  Data  Prep  enables  everyday  business  users  as  well  as  financial 
professionals  to  cleanse,  transform,  and  map  incoming  data  from  enterprise  systems  of  record  via  a 
simple,  no-code  interface.  Data  Prep  provides  dozens  of  prebuilt  transformations  that  address  the  most 
common  data  preparation  activities,  eliminating  inconsistencies  caused  by  varying  data  definitions  and 
harmonizing data into a single reporting standard, easily and intuitively.

In December 2021, we announced the acquisition of AuditNet. AuditNet created the world’s first 
online  portal  for  the  global  audit  community  and  serves  as  a  primary  communications  resource  with  a 
digital network where 160,000+ audit practitioners access and share content, resources, and audit program 
tools and templates. AuditNet’s content guides internal auditors through changing regulations, emerging 
risks,  different  approaches  to  testing,  and  new  risk  and  control  frameworks.  Workiva’s  acquisition  of 
AuditNet adds to our integrated risk offering and ensures that organizations of all sizes and maturity can 
turn to the Workiva platform to quickly scale their teams, strengthen risk assurance and greatly improve 
efficiency in the audit process. The acquisition comes on the heels of Workiva being named a Leader in 
The  Forrester  WaveTM:  Governance  Risk  and  Compliance  Platforms  Q3  2021  Report,  and  showcases 
Workiva’s investment in and commitment to the future transformation of audit.

In December 2021 we completed the acquisition of Arelle, the only open-source XBRL validation 
engine  that  transforms  and  improves  data  quality,  transparency  and  trust  for  global  businesses.  Arelle 
technology is already deeply integrated into the Workiva platform, utilized by all Workiva solutions that 
use XBRL, including SEC reporting, FERC reporting, global statutory reporting, ESEF and ESG.

8

Research and Development

Our  research  and  development  organization  is  responsible  for  the  design,  development,  testing 
and validation of our platform and fit-for-purpose solutions. We focus on innovating and developing new 
solutions and furthering the openness and extensibility of our platform. We believe that delivering new 
functionality for our customers is an integral part of our product strategy and provides our customers with 
access  to  a  broad  array  of  options  and  information  critical  to  enhancing  their  reporting,  disclosure  and 
digital  transformation  efforts.  We  have  made,  and  expect  that  we  will  continue  to  make,  significant 
investments  in  research  and  development  to  broaden  our  platform  capabilities,  strengthen  our  existing 
solutions, enhance our user experience, and develop new solutions. We focus on customer engagement to 
envision the future of our platform to bring about new capabilities and versions of existing solutions to 
market quickly in order to remain competitive in the marketplace.

Customers

Thousands  of  organizations,  including  global  enterprises  with  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
employees, trust Workiva. As of December 31, 2021, we had more than 4,300 customers. Our customers 
are passionate, loyal supporters of our solutions, as demonstrated by our subscription and support revenue 
retention rate of 97.0% as of the December 2021 measurement date. Our subscription and support revenue 
retention rate including add-on solutions was 110.0% as of December 31, 2021.

Competition

The  intensity  and  nature  of  our  competition  vary  significantly  across  our  different  solutions,  as 
changes  in  regulation  and  market  trends  result  in  evolving  customer  requirements  and  demand  for 
enterprise software. Our primary competitors include: 

•

Status quo, manual business processes that rely on legacy software productivity tools;

• Diversified enterprise software providers;

• Niche software providers that provide point solutions;

•

Providers of professional services, including consultants and financial printers;

• Governance, risk and compliance software providers; and

• Business intelligence / performance management software providers.

As our markets expand, we expect to compete with more highly specialized software vendors, as

well as larger vendors that may continue to acquire or bundle their products more effectively. 

The principal competitive factors in our market include: product features, reliability, performance 
and  effectiveness;  product  line  breadth,  diversity  and  applicability;  product  extensibility  and  ability  to 
integrate with other technology infrastructures; price and total cost of ownership; adherence to industry 
standards and certifications; strength of sales and marketing efforts; and brand awareness and reputation. 
We believe that our cloud-based platform has the combination of features and value to our customers that 
will continue to allow us to compete effectively. 

Sales and Marketing

Our “land-and-expand” sales strategy focuses on acquiring new customers and selling additional 
solutions to existing customers. We believe that we have penetrated only a small fraction of our market 
opportunity.  We intend to continue investing in sales and marketing to drive growth in the U.S., Canada, 
Europe and parts of the Asia-Pacific region and Latin America. 

9

Sales

Our  sales  organization  employs  a  combination  of  field  sales,  inside  sales  and  partnership 

channels. 

Our  sales  organization  comprises  sales  development  representatives,  pre-sales  engineers  and 
account  managers.  Our  sales  development  representatives  qualify  sales-accepted  opportunities  for  our 
account  managers.  Our  pre-sales  engineers  focus  on  solutions  and  custom  product  demonstrations  and 
consultative sales. Our account managers work to attract new customers as well as expand our platform 
into new use cases and departments across our current customers’ organizations. 

Our customer success and professional services teams also help our account managers build our 
existing customer relationships by providing advice and best practices that enable users to harness the full 
power of our platform.

We plan to continue strengthening our sales coverage in our current markets, as well as expand 
our sales footprint in locations where we see a demand for our solutions. To achieve this growth, we plan 
to  continue  hiring  motivated  sales  people  with  experience  in  enterprise  software  sales  and  in  specific 
geographical  regions.  We  believe  that  our  approach  to  hiring  sales  people,  along  with  a  progressive 
training,  culture  and  compensation  package  will  allow  us  to  retain  sales  talent  and  continue  to  drive 
growth.

In  2021,  we  continued  to  expand  our  ecosystem  of  partners,  including  global  consulting  firms, 
systems  integration  and  technology  firms,  and  leading  regional  consulting  firms.  Our  highly  skilled 
advisory  and  implementation  partners  offer  a  wide  range  of  subject-matter  expertise  that  broadens  our 
platform’s  capabilities  and  promotes  Workiva  as  part  of  the  digital  transformation  projects  they 
implement  for  their  customers.  Our  technology  partners  enable  powerful  data  and  process  integrations 
that enable our customers to connect their existing ecosystem of solutions directly to our platform. Our 
partners help to extend our customer reach through marketing and promotion and help accelerate the sale 
and delivery of our platform.

Marketing 

Our  marketing  organization  promotes  our  brand,  generates  demand  for  our  offerings,  and 
researches  and  assesses  product  market  needs.  Our  advance  planning  team  assesses  customer  needs, 
conducts industry-based research and identifies new markets. Our product marketing team develops the 
go-to-market  strategy  for  Workiva  solutions  and  manages  pricing  and  licensing  strategies.  The  product 
marketing team also supports our sales team with playbooks that include profiles of typical buyers, key 
messages, value propositions, competitive analysis and sales strategies. 

Our  demand  generation  programs  are  categorized  by  technology  solution  and  industry  and  are 
focused  on  engaging  business  leaders,  process  owners  and  technology  teams.  We  use  a  variety  of 
marketing  programs  across  traditional  and  social  channels  to  target  current  and  prospective  customers.  
Our marketing team hosts virtual and in-person events to educate prospects and customers and generate 
demand for our solutions. 

Customer Success and Professional Services

Our  customer  success  and  professional  services  teams  help  our  account  managers  build 
relationships  with  customers  by  providing  advice  that  enables  them  to  harness  the  full  power  of  our 
platform. 

10

Customer Success. Our customer success team partners with users of our platform to understand 
their  business  objectives  and  offers  best  practices  in  the  use  of  our  software.  We  deliver  24/7  live 
customer  support  via  phone,  digital  messaging  and  web-based  conferencing.  We  provide  intensive 
training to our customer success team and segment them for each solution and market focus.

Professional  Services.  Our  professional  services  include  initial  setup  of  documents;  XBRL 
mapping, tagging and review; best practices implementation; and business process consulting. Our XBRL 
team  of  accounting  and  financial  reporting  professionals  provide  XBRL  mapping,  tagging  and  review 
services  to  our  customers.  We  also  employ  a  team  of  consultants  who  offer  services  to  customers  to 
improve and streamline their Workiva-related data processes. 

We  pay  for  employees  to  maintain  professional  certifications  and  licenses  that  are  important  to 
our  customers,  and  we  host  regular  company-wide  employee  education  sessions  on  business,  industry, 
technology and workplace topics.

Intellectual Property

Our intellectual property and proprietary rights are important to our business. To safeguard these 
rights,  we  rely  on  a  combination  of  patent,  trademark,  copyright  and  trade  secret  laws  and  contractual 
protections in the United States and other jurisdictions.

As of December 31, 2021, we had 63 issued patents and 15 patent applications pending relating to 
our  platform.  We  cannot  assure  you  that  any  of  our  patent  applications  will  result  in  the  issuance  of  a 
patent or whether the examination process will require us to narrow or otherwise limit our claims. Any 
patents issued may be contested, designed around, found unenforceable, or invalidated, and we may not 
be  able  to  prevent  third  parties  from  infringing  them.  We  also  license  software  from  third  parties  for 
integration  into  our  solutions,  including  open  source  software  and  other  software  available  on 
commercially reasonable terms. We cannot assure you that such third parties will maintain such software 
or continue to make it available.

We  control  access  to  and  use  of  our  proprietary  software  and  other  confidential  information 
through  the  use  of  internal  and  external  controls,  including  contractual  protections  with  employees, 
contractors,  end-customers,  and  partners,  and  our  software  is  protected  by  U.S.  and  international 
copyright laws. Despite our efforts to protect our trade secrets and proprietary rights through intellectual 
property rights, licenses, and confidentiality agreements, unauthorized parties may still copy or otherwise 
obtain and use our software and technology. In addition, we intend to expand our international operations, 
and  effective  patent,  copyright,  trademark,  and  trade-secret  protection  may  not  be  available  or  may  be 
limited in foreign countries.

If we continue to be successful, we believe that competitors will be more likely to try to develop 
solutions and services that are similar to ours and that may infringe our proprietary rights. It may also be 
more likely that competitors or other third parties will claim that our platform infringes their proprietary 
rights.

11

Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims 
and  related  litigation  regarding  patent  and  other  intellectual  property  rights.  In  particular,  leading 
companies in the enterprise software industry have extensive patent portfolios and are regularly involved 
in  both  offensive  and  defensive  litigation.  From  time  to  time,  third  parties,  including  certain  of  these 
leading companies, may assert claims of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual 
property  rights  against  us,  and  our  standard  license  and  other  agreements  obligate  us  to  indemnify  our 
customers against such claims. Successful claims of infringement by a third party could prevent us from 
distributing  certain  solutions  or  performing  certain  services,  require  us  to  expend  time  and  money  to 
develop non-infringing solutions, or force us to pay substantial damages (including enhanced damages if 
we are found to have willfully infringed patents or copyrights), royalties or other fees. In addition, to the 
extent that we gain greater visibility and market exposure as a public company, we face a higher risk of 
being  the  subject  of  intellectual  property  infringement  claims  from  third  parties.  We  cannot  assure  you 
that we do not currently infringe, or that we will not in the future infringe, upon any third-party patents, 
copyrights or other proprietary rights. 

We  have  registered  a  number  of  trademarks  and  logos,  including  “Workiva,”  “Wdesk”  and 
“Wdata”  with  the  United  States  Patent  and  Trademark  Office  and  in  several  jurisdictions  outside  the 
United  States.  We  have  also  registered  other  trademarks  in  the  United  States  and  in  other  jurisdictions 
outside  the  United  States.  In  addition,  we  intend  to  expand  our  international  operations,  and  we  cannot 
assure you that these names will be available for use in all such jurisdictions.

Litigation

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising 
in the ordinary course of our business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted 
with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of any currently pending legal proceedings to 
which we are a party will not have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial 
condition or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because 
of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Government Regulations

We  believe  that  our  businesses  and  operations  are  in  substantial  compliance  with  all  applicable 
government  laws  and  regulations.  Any  additional  measures  to  maintain  compliance  are  not  expected  to 
materially affect our capital expenditures, competitive position, financial position or results of operations. 
Various  legislative  and  administrative  regulations  applicable  to  us  have  become  effective  or  are  under 
consideration in many parts of the world. To date, such developments have not had a substantial adverse 
impact on our revenues, earnings or cash flows. However, if new or amended laws or regulations impose 
significant  operational  restrictions  and  compliance  requirements  upon  us  or  our  business,  our  capital 
expenditures,  results  of  operations,  financial  condition  and  competitive  position  could  be  negatively 
impacted. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for further information.

12

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)

We  believe  society  expects  more  from  the  business  community:  authenticity,  trust,  truth,  and 
transparency. These expectations lie at the heart of what Workiva does for customers and ourselves. We 
are committing to ESG through authentic and purposeful action—supporting our people and customers, 
protecting  the  environment,  and  conducting  good  business  practices.  When  it  comes  to  our  company’s 
ESG responsibilities, Workiva tracks a course for consistent progress and excellence. We’ve established a 
guiding ESG strategy to ensure that we advance trust and belonging in our workforce and industry, stand 
for  truth  in  our  customer  and  partner  interactions  and  in  marketing  practices,  and  stay  consistently 
transparent about our impact with society and our employees across our value chain.

Along with the creation of our ESG strategy, we have also created our ESG governance structure, 
materiality  approach,  stakeholder  engagement  process,  and  alignment  with  United  Nations  Sustainable 
Development  Goals  (UN  SDGs)  and  the  Task  Force  on  Climate-Related  Disclosures  (TFCD).  To  learn 
more about Workiva’s ESG efforts, track our progress in developing forward-looking commitments and 
key performance indicators, go to workiva.com/sustainability.

Human Capital

Workiva  is  a  great  place  to  work  and  has  trusted  and  equipped  our  employees  to  work  from 
wherever  and  whenever  is  best  for  them.  We  have  been  on  the  Fortune  100  Best  Companies  to  Work 
For®  list  since  2019  and  attribute  our  success  to  our  values-based  culture.  We  boast  an  employee 
engagement  rate  of  95%  and  an  employee  attrition  rate  of  15%  that  is  better  than  industry  average. 
Workiva offers market-competitive compensation and benefits to attract and retain the best employees.

By  staying  true  to  our  company  values,  we  have  become  a  stronger  and  even  more  innovative 
team. As of December 31, 2021, Workiva employed 2,106 full-time people worldwide. Our headcount as 
of December 31, 2021 increased 22.6% from 1,718 full-time employees as of December 31, 2020. 

Innovation  thrives  when  people  feel  welcomed,  valued,  respected,  and  heard.  Diversity,  equity 
and inclusion are core values at Workiva, and an important component of our social commitment in our 
ESG  strategy.  We  strive  to  create  a  workplace  where  everyone  is  comfortable  bringing  their  best, 
authentic  self  to  work  every  day.  As  we  scale,  we  know  that  continuing  to  develop  our  workforce  is 
essential to our growth.

Workiva fosters a work environment that encourages fairness, teamwork, and respect among all 
employees.  We  value  all  backgrounds,  beliefs  and  interests,  and  we  recognize  this  diversity  as  an 
important  source  of  our  innovation  and  success.  We  believe  that  our  culture  of  diversity,  equity  and 
inclusion  increases  employee  engagement,  empowerment  and  satisfaction.  As  of  December  31,  2021, 
women represented 39% of our global workforce and 33% of our leadership (director and above). As of 
December  31,  2021,  18%  of  our  U.S.  employees  and  15%  of  our  U.S.  leadership  (director  and  above) 
were  from  underrepresented  racial/ethnic  groups.  Increasing  diversity  in  our  workforce  and  key 
operational  leadership  roles  will  remain  an  organizational  priority.  Current  key  initiatives  include 
Employee  Resource  Groups  (“ERG”),  learning  and  development  and  talent  acquisition.  The  Company 
maintains  its  ERG  chapters  globally  across  seven  categories:  Ethnic  diversity,  LGBTQ+,  Veterans, 
Women  in  Technology,  Women  in  Sales,  Parents  and  Caregivers,  and  Employees  who  work  remotely. 
Each ERG is sponsored and supported by senior leaders across the enterprise.

The health and safety of our colleagues and anyone who enters our workplace around the world is 
of  paramount  importance  to  Workiva.  As  part  of  our  ongoing  response  to  the  global  pandemic  of 
respiratory disease (abbreviated “COVID-19”), we continued reopening our offices in 2021 with reduced 
capacity due to local business necessities, differences in laws, culture and employee needs. We have had 
to  close  certain  offices  at  different  times  during  the  year  to  account  for  developments  related  to 

13

COVID-19, and in accordance with local laws and regulations. For those offices that have remained open, 
we  have  advised  all  employees  that  working  from  home  is  the  safest  course  of  action.  Additionally,  in 
order to maximize the health and safety of our workforce and promote transparency about our plans, we 
continued  with  bi-monthly  communication  from  senior  leaders  regarding  the  impacts  of  COVID-19  on 
the workforce and the Company and work from home flexibility, while initiating new protocols across all 
offices under the direction of our COVID-19 task force.

None of our U.S. employees is represented by a labor organization or is a party to any collective 
bargaining arrangement. We have never experienced a strike or similar work stoppage, and we consider 
our  relations  with  our  employees  to  be  good.  For  the  fiscal  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  employee 
compensation and benefits accounted for approximately 83% of our total operating expense.

Corporate Information

Workiva  Inc.  is  a  Delaware  corporation  with  principal  executive  offices  located  at  2900 
University  Boulevard,  Ames,  Iowa  50010.  Our  telephone  number  is  (888)  275-3125  and  our  website 
address is www.workiva.com. 

Copies of annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 
8-K,  and  amendments  to  these  reports  filed  or  furnished  pursuant  to  Section  13(a)  and  15(d)  of  the 
Exchange Act, are available, free of charge, on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file 
such material electronically with or furnish it to the SEC. The SEC also maintains a website that contains 
our SEC filings. The address of the site is www.sec.gov. 

14

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our  operations  and  financial  results  are  subject  to  various  risks  and  uncertainties,  including 
those described below. You should carefully consider the following risks and all of the other information 
contained  in  this  report,  including  our  consolidated  financial  statements  and  related  notes,  before 
investing in any of our securities. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we 
face.  Additional  risks  and  uncertainties  that  we  are  unaware  of,  or  that  we  currently  believe  are  not 
material,  may  also  become  important  factors  that  adversely  affect  our  business.  If  any  of  the  following 
risks, or other risks and uncertainties that are not yet identified or that we currently think are immaterial, 
actually  occur,  our  business,  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  future  prospects  could  be 
materially  and  adversely  affected.  In  that  event,  the  market  price  of  our  Class  A  common  stock  could 
decline. We may amend, supplement or add to the risk factors described below from time to time in future 
reports filed with the SEC.

Summary of Risk Factors

We are providing the following summary of the risk factors contained in this Form 10-K to enhance the 
readability  and  accessibility  of  our  risk  factor  disclosures.  We  encourage  our  stockholders  to  carefully 
review  the  full  risk  factors  contained  in  this  Form  10-K  in  their  entirety  for  additional  information 
regarding  the  risks  and  uncertainties  that  could  cause  our  actual  results  to  vary  materially  from  recent 
results or from our anticipated future results.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

• We derive a majority of our revenue from customers using our platform for SEC filings. 
• We cannot accurately predict subscription renewal or upgrade rates.
•
• Our revenue growth rate in recent periods may not be indicative of our future performance.
• We  have  not  been  profitable  historically  and  may  not  achieve  or  maintain  profitability  in  the 

Failure to manage our growth may adversely affect our business or operations. 

future.

• Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly.
• Our solutions face intense competition in the marketplace.
• Our revenue growth will depend in part on the success of our efforts to augment our direct-sales 

channels by developing relationships with third parties.

• Adverse  economic  conditions  or  reduced  technology  spending  may  adversely  impact  our 

•

business.
If we cannot maintain our corporate culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, teamwork, 
passion and focus on execution that we believe contribute to our success.

• We depend on our senior management team and other key employees.
•

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our business, and its ultimate impact on our business and 
financial results is uncertain.

• Our workforce is our primary operating expense and subjects us to risks associated with increases 

in the cost of labor.

• Operations outside the United States expose us to risks inherent in international sales.
• A significant fluctuation between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies could adversely impact our 

operating results.
Fixed-fee  engagements  with  customers  may  not  meet  our  expectations  if  we  underestimate  the 
cost of these engagements.
If we fail to continue to develop our brand, our business may suffer.

•

•

15

•
Legislative and regulatory changes could adversely affect our business.
• We may need to raise additional capital, which may not be available to us.
• We  have  acquired,  and  may  continue  to  acquire,  other  companies  or  technologies,  which  could 
divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and otherwise 
disrupt our operations and adversely affect our operating results.

• Because we recognize revenue over the term of each subscription, downturns or upturns in sales 

may not be immediately reflected in our operating results.

• We are subject to general litigation that may materially adversely affect us.
• A failure to maintain adequate internal controls over our financial and management systems could 
cause errors in our financial reporting, which could cause a loss of investor confidence and result 
in a decline in the price of our Class A common stock.

• Our relatively limited operating history makes it difficult to predict our future operating results. 

Risks Related to Technology and Intellectual Property 

•

•

If we or our service providers fail to keep our customers’ information confidential or otherwise 
handle their information improperly, our business and reputation could be adversely affected.
The  success  of  our  cloud-based  software  largely  depends  on  our  ability  to  provide  reliable 
solutions to our customers.

• Any failure to offer high-quality technical support services may adversely affect our relationships 

•

•
•

•

with our customers.
Failure  to  establish  and  maintain  partnerships  that  can  provide  complementary  technology 
offerings and software integrations could limit our ability to grow our business.
If we do not keep pace with technological changes, our solutions may become less competitive.
If  we  fail  to  manage  our  technical  operations  infrastructure,  our  existing  customers  may 
experience service outages, and our new customers may experience delays in the deployment of 
our solutions. 
The inability to maintain software licenses, or the existence of errors in the software we license 
could result in increased costs or reduced service levels. 

• Any  failure  or  interruptions  in  the  internet  infrastructure,  bandwidth  providers,  data  center 

providers, other third parties or our own systems could negatively impact our business.

• Changes  in  laws  and  regulations  related  to  the  internet  or  changes  in  the  internet  infrastructure 

itself may diminish the demand for our solutions.

• We  are  subject  to  U.S.  and  foreign  data  privacy  and  protection  laws  and  regulations  as  well  as 

contractual privacy obligations.

• Any  failure  to  protect  our  intellectual  property  rights  or  defend  against  accusations  of 
infringement  of  third-party  intellectual  property  rights  could  impair  our  ability  to  protect  our 
proprietary technology and our brand. 
Some of our solutions utilize open source software, and any failure to comply with the terms of 
one or more of these open source licenses could negatively affect our business.

•

Risks Related to Taxes

The adoption of new tax legislation could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

•
• Determining our income tax rate is complex and subject to uncertainty.
• Our  ability  to  use  our  net  operating  losses  to  offset  future  taxable  income  may  be  subject  to 

certain limitations.

16

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

• Our stock price has been and will likely continue to be volatile or may decline regardless of our 

•

•

operating performance. 
If  there  are  substantial  sales  of  shares  of  our  Class  A  common  stock  or  some  or  all  of  our 
convertible  senior  notes  are  converted  and  sold,  the  price  of  our  Class  A  common  stock  could 
decline.
The  dual  class  structure  of  our  common  stock  concentrates  voting  control  with  certain  of  our 
executives.

• Anti-takeover  provisions  in  our  charter  documents,  our  convertible  senior  notes  and  Delaware 
law could make an acquisition of us more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace 
or  remove  our  current  management  and  may  negatively  affect  the  market  price  of  our  Class  A 
common stock.

• We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

Risks Related to our Indebtedness

•

•

The  conditional  conversion  feature  of  our  convertible  senior  notes  may  adversely  affect  our 
financial condition and operating results.
Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We derive a majority of our revenue from customers using our platform for SEC filings.

We derive a majority of our revenue from customers using our platform for SEC filings. We sell a 
variety  of  other  solutions,  including  global  statutory  reporting,  SOX,  capital  markets,  enterprise  risk 
management and audit management, but the introduction of new solutions beyond the SEC market may 
not  be  successful.  Although  non-SEC  solutions  generated  70%  of  new  solution  and  new  customer 
bookings  in  2021,  it  is  uncertain  whether  they  will  achieve  the  level  of  market  acceptance  we  have 
achieved in the SEC market. Any factor adversely affecting sales of our platform or solutions, including 
release  cycles,  market  acceptance,  competition,  performance  and  reliability,  reputation  and  regulatory, 
economic and market conditions, could adversely affect our business and operating results.

17

We cannot accurately predict subscription renewal or upgrade rates.

Our  business  depends  substantially  on  customers  renewing  their  subscriptions  with  us  and 
expanding their use of our services. Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions for our 
services after the expiration of their current subscription period. While we have historically maintained a 
subscription and support revenue retention rate of greater than 94%, we may be unable to maintain this 
historical rate and we may be unable to accurately predict our subscription and support revenue retention 
rate. In addition, our customers may renew for shorter contract lengths, lower prices or a reduced scope of 
service. We cannot accurately predict new subscription or expansion rates and the impact these rates may 
have on our future revenue and operating results. Our renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of 
a  number  of  factors,  including  customer  dissatisfaction  with  our  service,  customers’  ability  to  continue 
their operations and spending levels and deteriorating general economic conditions. If our customers do 
not renew their subscriptions for our service, purchase fewer solutions at the time of renewal, or negotiate 
a lower price upon renewal, our revenue will decline and our business will suffer. Our future success also 
depends  in  part  on  our  ability  to  sell  additional  solutions  and  services,  more  subscriptions  or  enhanced 
editions of our services to our current customers, which may also require increasingly sophisticated and 
costly sales efforts that are targeted at senior management. If our efforts to sell additional solutions and 
services to our customers are not successful, our growth and operations may be impeded.

Failure to manage our growth may adversely affect our business or operations.

Since  our  formation,  we  have  experienced  significant  growth  in  our  business,  customer  base, 
employee  headcount  and  operations,  and  we  expect  to  continue  to  expand  our  business  over  the  next 
several years. This growth places a significant strain on our management team and employees as well as 
our operating and financial systems. To manage our future growth, we must continue to scale our business 
functions, improve our financial and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures and 
expand and train our work force. In particular, we grew from 1,718 employees as of December 31, 2020 
to  more  than  2,100  employees  as  of  December  31,  2021.  We  anticipate  that  additional  investments  in 
sales personnel, infrastructure and research and development spending will be required to:

•

•

•

•

•

scale our operations and increase productivity;

address the needs of our customers;

further develop and enhance our existing solutions and offerings;

develop new technology; and

expand  our  markets  and  opportunity  under  management,  including  into  new  solutions  and 
geographic areas.

We cannot assure you that our controls, systems and procedures will be adequate to support our 
future operations or that we will be able to manage our growth effectively. We also cannot assure you that 
we  will  be  able  to  continue  to  expand  our  market  presence  in  the  United  States,  Europe,  Asia  Pacific 
region  and  other  current  markets  or  successfully  establish  our  presence  in  other  markets.  Failure  to 
effectively manage growth could result in difficulty or delays in deploying customers, declines in quality 
or  customer  satisfaction,  increases  in  costs,  difficulties  in  introducing  new  features  or  other  operational 
difficulties, and any of these difficulties could adversely impact our business performance and results of 
operations.

18

Our revenue growth rate in recent periods may not be indicative of our future performance.

We  experienced  revenue  growth  rates  of  26%,  18%  and  22%  in  fiscal  2021,  2020  and  2019, 
respectively.  Our  historical  revenue  growth  rates  are  not  indicative  of  future  growth,  and  we  may  not 
achieve  similar  revenue  growth  rates  in  future  periods.  You  should  not  rely  on  our  revenue  or  revenue 
growth  for  any  prior  quarterly  or  annual  periods  as  any  indication  of  our  future  revenue  or  revenue 
growth.  If  we  are  unable  to  maintain  consistent  revenue  or  revenue  growth,  our  stock  price  could  be 
volatile, and it may be difficult to achieve and maintain profitability.

We have not been profitable historically and may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future. 

We have posted a net loss in each fiscal year since we began operations in 2008, including net 
losses  of  approximately  $37.7  million  in  fiscal  2021,  $48.4  million  in  fiscal  2020  and  $47.5  million  in 
fiscal 2019. While we have experienced continued revenue growth in recent periods, we are not certain 
whether or when we will obtain a high enough volume of subscriptions to sustain or increase our growth 
or  achieve  or  maintain  profitability  in  the  future.  In  addition,  we  plan  to  continue  to  invest  in  our 
infrastructure,  new  solutions,  research  and  development  and  sales  and  marketing,  and  as  a  result,  we 
cannot assure you that we will achieve or maintain profitability. Because we intend to continue spending 
in anticipation of the revenue we expect to receive from these efforts, our expenses will be greater than 
the  expenses  we  would  incur  if  we  developed  our  business  more  slowly.  In  addition,  we  may  find  that 
these  efforts  are  more  expensive  than  we  currently  anticipate,  which  would  further  impact  our 
profitability.

Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly.

Our  quarterly  results  of  operations,  including  the  levels  of  our  revenue,  gross  margin, 
profitability,  cash  flow  and  deferred  revenue,  may  vary  significantly  in  the  future  due  to  a  variety  of 
factors,  including  the  risks  and  uncertainties  described  herein,  and  period-to-period  comparisons  of  our 
operating results may not be meaningful. Accordingly, the results of any one quarter should not be relied 
upon  as  an  indication  of  future  performance.  Fluctuations  in  quarterly  results  may  negatively  affect  the 
value of our Class A common stock.

In addition, we have historically experienced seasonal variations in our revenue from professional 
services as many of our customers employ our professional services just before they file their Form 10-K 
with the SEC in the first calendar quarter. The majority of our SEC customers report their financials on a 
calendar  year  basis.  While  we  expect  our  professional  services  revenue  to  become  less  seasonal  as  our 
non-SEC offerings grow, a significant portion of our revenue may continue to reflect seasonality, which 
makes it difficult to predict our future operating results.

Our solutions face intense competition in the marketplace.

The market for our solutions is increasingly competitive, rapidly evolving and fragmented, and is 
subject to changing technology and shifting customer needs. Although we believe that our platform and 
the  solutions  that  it  offers  are  unique,  many  vendors  develop  and  market  products  and  services  that 
compete  to  varying  extents  with  our  offerings,  and  we  expect  competition  in  our  market  to  continue  to 
intensify. Moreover, industry consolidation may increase competition. In addition, many companies have 
chosen  to  invest  in  their  own  internal  reporting  solutions  and  therefore  may  be  reluctant  to  switch  to 
solutions such as ours.

19

We compete with many types of companies, including diversified enterprise software providers; 
providers  of  professional  services,  such  as  consultants  and  business  and  financial  printers;  governance, 
risk  and  compliance  software  providers;  business  intelligence/corporate  performance  management 
software providers; and business reporting software providers. Our competitors may be able to respond 
more  quickly  and  effectively  than  we  can  to  new  or  changing  opportunities,  technologies,  standards  or 
customer requirements. We could lose customers if our competitors introduce new competitive products, 
add  new  features,  acquire  competitive  products,  reduce  prices,  form  strategic  alliances  with  other 
companies or are acquired by third parties with greater available resources. We may also face increasing 
competition  from  open  source  software  initiatives,  in  which  competitors  may  provide  software  and 
intellectual  property  for  free.  In  addition,  if  a  prospective  customer  is  currently  using  a  competing 
solution,  the  customer  may  be  unwilling  to  switch  to  our  solutions  without  access  to  setup  support 
services. If we are unable to provide those services on terms attractive to the customer, the prospective 
customer may be unwilling to utilize our solutions. If our competitors’ products, services or technologies 
become more accepted than our solutions, if they are successful in bringing their products or services to 
market earlier than ours, or if their products or services are more technologically capable than ours, then 
our  revenue  could  be  adversely  affected.  Pricing  pressures  and  increased  competition  could  result  in 
reduced  sales,  reduced  margins,  losses  or  a  failure  to  maintain  or  improve  our  competitive  market 
position, any of which would adversely affect our business.

Our  revenue  growth  will  depend  in  part  on  the  success  of  our  efforts  to  augment  our  direct-sales 
channels by developing relationships with third parties.

We  have  established  strategic  relationships  with  global  advisory  firms,  regional  consulting  and 
implementation  firms  and  technology  partners.  We  expect  these  parties  to  contribute  to  our  growth 
through  referrals,  influencing  purchases  and  enhancing  our  value  proposition  through  advisory  and 
implementation  services.  We  plan  to  continue  to  expand  our  partner  ecosystem  and  build  relationships 
with third parties. Identifying partners, negotiating and supporting relationships with them, on-boarding 
those firms into our ecosystem and maintaining relationships requires a significant commitment of time 
and  resources  that  may  not  yield  a  significant  return  on  our  investment.  If  we  are  unsuccessful  in 
establishing  or  maintaining  our  relationships  with  partners,  or  if  these  partners  are  unsuccessful  in 
marketing  or  selling  our  solutions,  or  are  unable  or  unwilling  to  devote  sufficient  resources  to  these 
activities,  our  ability  to  compete  in  the  marketplace  or  to  grow  our  revenue  could  be  impaired  and  our 
operating results may suffer. Furthermore, our partners rely on highly skilled and trained professionals to 
position  the  platform  in  the  market  and  to  provide  implementation  and  consulting  services  to  our 
customers. We have formal training and enablement programs for our partners; however, our enablement 
efforts may be ineffective. If we do not adequately develop and maintain a sufficient number of qualified 
and trained partner professionals with knowledge of our solutions and our platform, we may suffer from 
services not being delivered correctly, improper expectations being set with our customers and customers 
therefore  choosing  not  to  expand  the  use  of  our  platform  or  deciding  not  to  renew  their  subscriptions. 
Also,  our  partners  may  have  relationships  with  our  competitors  and  experience  with  other  products  or 
services  that  could  be  used  as  substitutes  for  our  platform.  These  relationships  and  product  experience 
may result in our partners recommending our competitors’ products or services over our own products or 
services.  In  addition,  new  or  emerging  technologies  and  technological  trends  or  changes  in  customer 
requirements  may  result  in  certain  third  parties  de-emphasizing  their  dealings  with  us  or  becoming 
potential competitors in the future.

20

Adverse economic conditions or reduced technology spending may adversely impact our business.

Our business depends on the overall demand for technology and on the economic health of our 
current and prospective customers. Global financial developments and global health crises or pandemics 
may  harm  us,  including  disruptions  or  restrictions  on  our  employees’  ability  to  work  and  travel.  In 
general, weakened global economic conditions, including those from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, 
make  it  difficult  for  our  customers,  prospective  customers  and  us  to  forecast  and  plan  future  business 
activities  accurately.  Weak  global  economic  conditions  or  a  reduction  in  technology  spending  could 
adversely  impact  our  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  in  a  number  of  ways, 
including longer sales cycles, lower prices for our solutions, reduced bookings and lower or no growth. 
Additionally, our capital markets business can serve as a point of entry for customers to our platform. The 
growth of our capital markets and SEC businesses are based in part on the strength of the IPO/special-
purpose  acquisition  company  (“SPAC”)  market,  which  can  fluctuate.  A  significant  decline  in  the  IPO/
SPAC market could adversely affect sales of our capital markets solution and potentially other solutions.

In addition, the uncertainty and instability surrounding the implementation and effect of “Brexit,” 
the  United  Kingdom’s  decision  to  leave  the  European  Union,  may  cause  increased  economic  volatility. 
The  longer  term  economic,  legal,  political  and  social  implications  of  Brexit  are  unclear  at  this  stage. 
Changes impacting our ability to conduct business in the U.K. or other E.U. countries, or changes to the 
regulatory  regime  applicable  to  our  operations  in  those  countries,  may  cause  disruptions  to  and  create 
uncertainty surrounding our business in the U.K. and E.U. Brexit has resulted in significant volatility in 
global stock market and currency exchange rate fluctuations. Further, uncertainty around these and related 
issues  could  lead  to  adverse  effects  on  the  economy  of  the  U.K.  and  the  other  economies  in  which  we 
operate. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business operations, results of 
operations and financial condition.

If  we  cannot  maintain  our  corporate  culture  as  we  grow,  we  could  lose  the  innovation,  teamwork, 
passion and focus on execution that we believe contribute to our success.

We  believe  our  corporate  culture  is  a  critical  component  to  our  success.  We  have  invested 
substantial time and resources in building our team. As we grow and develop the infrastructure of a public 
company, we may find it difficult to maintain our corporate culture. Any failure to preserve our culture 
could  negatively  affect  our  future  success,  including  our  ability  to  retain  and  recruit  personnel  and 
effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives. 

We depend on our senior management team and other key employees.

We rely on our leadership team and other key employees. From time to time, there are changes in 
our management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives or other key employees, which 
could disrupt our business. Our senior management and key employees are generally employed on an at-
will basis, which means that they could terminate their employment with us at any time. The loss of one 
or more of our executive officers or key employees could have a material adverse effect on our business. 

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Further,  to  execute  our  growth  plan,  we  must  attract  and  retain  highly  qualified  personnel. 
Competition  for  these  individuals  is  intense,  especially  for  engineers  with  high  levels  of  experience  in 
designing and developing software and internet-related services, senior sales executives and professional 
services  personnel  with  appropriate  financial  reporting  experience.  We  have,  from  time  to  time, 
experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining employees with 
appropriate  qualifications.  Many  of  the  companies  with  which  we  compete  for  experienced  personnel 
have  greater  resources  than  we  have.  If  we  hire  employees  from  competitors  or  other  companies,  their 
former employers may attempt to assert that these employees have breached their legal obligations or that 
we have induced such breaches, resulting in a diversion of our time and resources. If we fail to attract new 
personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our business and future growth prospects 
could be adversely affected.

The  COVID-19  pandemic  has  impacted  our  business,  and  its  ultimate  impact  on  our  business  and 
financial results is uncertain.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply 
chains and created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets, and increased unemployment 
levels. While it remains a developing situation, the pandemic and any quarantines, interruptions in travel 
and business disruptions with respect to us, our customers or partners have had and will continue to have 
an  impact  on  our  business.  Although  we  are  continuing  to  monitor  and  assess  the  effects  of  the 
COVID-19  pandemic,  the  ultimate  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  on  our  business  remains  highly 
uncertain  and  will  depend  on  certain  developments,  including  the  duration  and  spread  of  the  outbreak, 
impact on our customers and our sales cycles, and effect on our vendors, all of which are uncertain and 
cannot be predicted. 

As  a  result  of  the  work  and  travel  restrictions  relating  to  the  ongoing  COVID-19  outbreak, 
substantially  all  of  our  sales  and  operating  activities  are  being  conducted  remotely.  This  global  work-
from-home operating environment may adversely impact the productivity of certain employees, and these 
conditions may persist and harm our business, including our future operating results. The pandemic and 
accompanying  market  volatility,  uncertainty  and  economic  disruption  may  also  have  the  effect  of 
heightening  many  of  the  other  risks  described  in  the  “Risk  Factors”  set  forth  in  this  Annual  Report  on 
Form 10-K.

Our workforce is our primary operating expense and subjects us to risks associated with increases in 
the cost of labor.

Labor  is  our  primary  operating  expense.  We  may  face  labor  shortages  or  increased  labor  costs 
because  of  increased  competition  for  employees,  higher  employee  turnover  rates,  or  increases  in 
employee benefit costs.  If  labor-related expenses increase, our operating expense could increase,  which 
would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We  are  subject  to  the  Fair  Labor  Standards  Act  (“FLSA”)  and  various  federal  and  state  laws 
governing  such  matters  as  minimum  wage  requirements,  overtime  compensation  and  other  working 
conditions,  citizenship  requirements,  discrimination  and  family  and  medical  leave.  In  recent  years,  a 
number of companies have been subject to lawsuits, including class action lawsuits, alleging violations of 
federal  and  state  law  regarding  workplace  and  employment  matters,  overtime  wage  policies, 
discrimination and similar matters. A number of these lawsuits have resulted in the payment of substantial 
damages by the defendants. Similar lawsuits may be threatened or instituted against us from time to time, 
and  we  may  incur  substantial  damages  and  expenses  resulting  from  lawsuits  of  this  type,  which  could 
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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Operations outside the United States expose us to risks inherent in international sales.

A  key  element  of  our  growth  strategy  is  to  expand  our  international  operations  and  develop  a 
worldwide customer base. A growing portion of our revenue is from customers headquartered outside the 
United States. Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention 
and  subjects  us  to  regulatory,  economic  and  political  risks  that  are  different  from  those  in  the  United 
States.  Because  of  our  limited  experience  with  international  operations,  our  international  expansion 
efforts may not be successful in creating additional demand for our solutions outside of the United States 
or  in  effectively  selling  subscriptions  to  our  solutions  in  all  of  the  international  markets  we  enter.  In 
addition,  we  face  risks  in  doing  business  internationally  that  could  adversely  affect  our  business, 
including:

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the need to localize and adapt our solutions for specific countries, including translation into 
foreign languages and associated expenses;

increased  management,  travel,  infrastructure,  legal  compliance  and  regulation  costs 
associated with having multiple international operations;

sales and customer service challenges associated with operating in different countries;

data  privacy  laws  that  require  customer  data  to  be  stored  and  processed  in  a  designated 
territory;

inadequate local infrastructure and difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;

different pricing environments and longer sales and collection cycles;

new and different sources of competition;

difficulties in enforcing intellectual property and other rights outside of the United States;

laws and business practices favoring local competitors;

compliance  challenges  related  to  the  complexity  of  multiple,  conflicting  and  changing 
governmental laws and regulations;

increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;

restrictions on the transfer of funds;

an uncertain trade environment;

adverse tax consequences;

unstable regional economic and political conditions;

liquidity  issues,  including  due  to  political  actions  by  sovereign  nations  with  a  controlled 
currency  environment,  which  could  result  in  decreased  values  of  cash  balances  or  potential 
difficulties protecting our foreign assets or satisfying local obligations;

difficulties in obtaining export licenses for certain technology, tariffs, quotas and other trade 
barriers;

issues  resulting  from  operations  in  locations  with  a  higher  incidence  of  corruption  and 
fraudulent business practices;

challenges in integrating acquisitions with foreign operations; and

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•

natural disasters, acts of war, terrorism, security breaches, pandemics or other health crises, 
including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Some  of  our  third-party  business  partners  have  international  operations  and  are  also  subject  to 
these  risks  and  if  our  third-party  business  partners  are  unable  to  appropriately  manage  these  risks,  our 
business may be harmed.

A  significant  fluctuation  between  the  U.S.  Dollar  and  other  currencies  could  adversely  impact  our 
operating results.

Although our financial results are reported in U.S. Dollars, a portion of our sales and operating 
costs are realized in other currencies, with the largest concentration of foreign sales occurring in Europe. 
We anticipate that over time, an increasing portion of our international contracts may be denominated in 
local currencies. Therefore, fluctuations in the value of the U.S. Dollar and foreign currencies may impact 
our operating results when translated into U.S. Dollars. We do not currently engage in currency hedging 
activities  to  limit  the  risk  of  exchange  rate  fluctuations.  Significant  long-term  fluctuations  in  relative 
currency values, and in particular, an increase in the value of the U.S. Dollar against foreign currencies, 
could have an adverse effect on our operating results. 

Fixed-fee engagements with customers may not meet our expectations if we underestimate the cost of 
these engagements.

We provide certain professional services on a fixed-fee basis. When making proposals for fixed-
fee  engagements,  we  estimate  the  costs  and  timing  for  completing  the  engagements.  We  provide 
professional  services  on  both  SEC  and  non-SEC  solutions,  including  our  financial  services,  integrated 
risk, global statutory reporting and FERC reporting solutions. Professional services on non-SEC solutions 
usually  involve  a  different  mix  of  subscription,  support  and  services  than  professional  services  on  our 
SEC  solution.  Growth  in  professional  services  on  non-SEC  solutions  may  impact  our  gross  margins  in 
ways  that  we  cannot  predict.  If  we  are  required  to  spend  more  hours  than  planned  to  perform  these 
services,  our  cost  of  services  revenue  could  exceed  the  fees  charged  to  our  customers  on  certain 
engagements  and  could  cause  us  to  recognize  a  loss  on  a  contract,  which  would  adversely  affect  our 
operating results. In addition, if we are unable to provide these professional services, we may lose sales or 
incur customer dissatisfaction, and our business and operating results could be significantly harmed. 

If we fail to continue to develop our brand, our business may suffer.

We  believe  that  continuing  to  develop  and  maintain  awareness  of  our  brand  is  critical  to 
achieving widespread acceptance of our solution and is an important element in attracting and retaining 
customers.  Efforts  to  build  our  brand  may  involve  significant  expense  and  may  not  generate  customer 
awareness or increase revenue at all, or in an amount sufficient to offset expenses we incur in building our 
brand. 

Promotion and enhancement of our name and the brand names of our solutions depends largely 
on our success in being able to provide high quality, reliable and cost-effective solutions. If customers do 
not perceive our solutions as meeting their needs, or if we fail to market our solutions effectively, we will 
likely be unsuccessful in creating the brand awareness that is critical for broad customer adoption of our 
solutions.  That  failure  could  result  in  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  financial  condition  and 
operating results.

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Legislative and regulatory changes could adversely affect our business.

The market for our solutions depends in part on the requirements of the SEC, the Federal Reserve 
System,  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance  Corporation  and  other  regulatory  bodies.  Any  legislation  or 
rulemaking substantially affecting the content or method of delivery of documents to be filed with these 
regulatory bodies could have an adverse effect on our business. Uncertainty caused by political change in 
the United States and Western Europe (including Brexit) heightens regulatory uncertainty in these areas. 
New legislation, or a significant change in rules, regulations, directives or standards could reduce demand 
for our products and services, increase expenses as we modify our products and services to comply with 
new requirements and retain relevancy, impose limitations on our operations, and increase compliance or 
litigation expense, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition 
and results of operations.

We may need to raise additional capital, which may not be available to us.

Our  future  liquidity  and  capital  requirements  are  difficult  to  predict  as  they  depend  upon  many 
factors, including the success of our solutions and competing technological and market developments. In 
the future, we may require additional capital to respond to business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions 
or unforeseen circumstances, and we may not be able to timely secure additional debt or equity financing 
on  favorable  terms,  or  at  all.  Any  debt  financing  obtained  by  us  in  the  future  could  involve  restrictive 
covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters. If we raise 
additional  funds  through  further  issuances  of  equity,  convertible  debt  securities  or  other  securities 
convertible  into  equity,  our  existing  stockholders  could  suffer  significant  dilution  in  their  percentage 
ownership  of  our  company,  and  any  new  equity  securities  we  issue  could  have  rights,  preferences  and 
privileges senior to those of holders of our Class A common stock. 

We have acquired, and may continue to acquire, other companies or technologies, which could divert 
our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and otherwise disrupt our 
operations and adversely affect our operating results.

We have acquired and may in the future seek to acquire or invest in businesses, applications or 
technologies  that  we  believe  could  complement  or  expand  our  solutions,  enhance  our  technical 
capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the 
attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating and pursuing 
suitable  acquisitions,  whether  or  not  they  are  consummated.  In  addition,  we  have  limited  experience  in 
acquiring  other  businesses.  For  businesses  we  have  acquired  or  may  acquire,  we  may  not  be  able  to 
integrate  the  acquired  customers,  personnel,  operations  and  technologies  successfully  or  effectively 
manage the combined business following the acquisition.

Because we recognize revenue over the term of each subscription, downturns or upturns in sales may 
not be immediately reflected in our operating results.

We generally recognize subscription and support revenue from customers ratably over the terms 
of  their  subscription  agreements,  which  are  typically  on  an  annual  cycle  and  automatically  renew  for 
additional  periods.  As  a  result,  a  substantial  portion  of  the  revenue  we  report  in  each  quarter  will  be 
derived from the recognition of deferred revenue relating to subscription agreements entered into during 
previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one quarter may not be 
immediately  reflected  in  our  revenue  results  for  that  quarter.  Accordingly,  the  effect  of  any  significant 
downturns in sales, including changes as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, may not be fully 
reflected in our results of operations until future periods.

25

We are subject to general litigation that may materially adversely affect us.

From  time  to  time,  we  may  be  involved  in  disputes  or  regulatory  inquiries  that  arise  in  the 
ordinary course of business. We expect that the number and significance of these potential disputes may 
increase as our business expands and our company grows larger. While our agreements with customers 
limit  our  liability  for  damages  arising  from  our  solutions,  we  cannot  assure  you  that  these  contractual 
provisions will protect us from liability for damages in the event we are sued. Although we carry general 
liability insurance coverage, our insurance may not cover all potential claims to which we are exposed or 
may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed. Any claims against us, whether 
meritorious  or  not,  could  be  time  consuming,  result  in  costly  litigation,  require  significant  amounts  of 
management  time,  and  result  in  the  diversion  of  significant  operational  resources.  Because  litigation  is 
inherently  unpredictable,  we  cannot  assure  you  that  the  results  of  any  of  these  actions  will  not  have  a 
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

A  failure  to  maintain  adequate  internal  controls  over  our  financial  and  management  systems  could 
cause errors in our financial reporting.

We must maintain effective financial and management systems and internal controls to meet our 
public  company  reporting  obligations.  Moreover,  SOX  requires,  among  other  things,  that  we  maintain 
effective  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  and  internal  control  over  financial  reporting.  If  we  have  a 
material weakness or deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting, we may not detect errors 
on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. Effective internal controls are 
necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to prevent fraud. As a result, our 
failure to maintain effective financial and management systems and internal controls could result in errors 
in our financial reporting, us being subject to regulatory action and a loss of investor confidence in the 
reliability of our financial statements.

Our relatively limited operating history makes it difficult to predict our future operating results. 

We were founded in 2008 and have a relatively limited operating history. We began offering our 
first solution in 2010 and launched our platform in 2013. As a result of our limited operating history, our 
ability  to  forecast  our  future  operating  results  is  limited  and  subject  to  a  number  of  uncertainties, 
including our ability to plan for and model future growth. We have encountered and will encounter risks 
and  uncertainties  frequently  experienced  by  growing  companies  in  rapidly  changing  industries,  such  as 
the  risks  and  uncertainties  described  herein.  If  our  assumptions  regarding  these  risks  and  uncertainties 
(which we use to plan our business) are incorrect or change due to changes in our markets, or if we do not 
address  these  risks  successfully,  our  operating  and  financial  results  could  differ  materially  from  our 
expectations and our business could suffer.

26

Risks Related to Technology and Intellectual Property 

If we or our service providers fail to keep our customers’ information confidential or otherwise handle 
their information improperly, our business and reputation could be adversely affected.

Because  data  security  is  a  critical  competitive  factor  in  our  industry,  we  make  numerous 
statements in our privacy policy and customer agreements, through our certifications to privacy standards 
and in our marketing materials, providing assurances about the security of our platform. If we fail to keep 
customers’ proprietary information and documentation confidential, we may lose existing customers and 
potential new customers and may expose them to significant damages based on the premature release of 
confidential information. While we have security measures in place to protect customer information and 
prevent data loss and other security breaches, these measures may be breached as a result of third-party 
action,  employee  error,  malfeasance  or  otherwise.  Because  the  techniques  used  to  obtain  unauthorized 
access  or  sabotage  systems  change  frequently  and  generally  are  not  identified  until  they  are  launched 
against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative 
measures.

In  addition,  certain  of  our  service  providers  (including,  without  limitation,  hosting  facilities, 
disaster recovery providers and software providers) have access to our customers’ data and could suffer 
security breaches or data losses that affect our customers’ information. If an actual or perceived security 
breach or premature release occurs, our reputation could be damaged and we may lose future sales and 
customers. We may also become subject to civil claims, including indemnity or damage claims in certain 
customer  contracts,  or  criminal  investigations  by  appropriate  authorities,  any  of  which  could  harm  our 
business  and  operating  results.  Furthermore,  while  our  errors  and  omissions  insurance  policies  include 
liability  coverage  for  these  matters,  if  we  experienced  a  widespread  security  breach  that  impacted  a 
significant number of our customers for whom we have these indemnity obligations, we could be subject 
to indemnity claims that exceed such coverage.

The success of our cloud-based software largely depends on our ability to provide reliable solutions to 
our customers.

Because our solutions are complex and we continually release new features, our solutions could 
have  errors,  defects,  viruses  or  security  flaws  that  could  result  in  unanticipated  downtime  for  our 
subscribers and harm our reputation and our business. Since our customers use our solutions for important 
aspects of their business, any errors, defects, disruptions in access, security flaws, viruses, data corruption 
or other performance problems associated with our solutions could hurt our reputation and may damage 
our  customers’  businesses.  If  that  occurs,  customers  could  elect  not  to  renew  their  subscriptions,  could 
delay  or  withhold  payment  to  us  or  may  make  warranty  or  other  claims  against  us.  In    addition,  if  the 
public  becomes  aware  of  a  security  breach  of  our  solutions,  our  future  business  prospects  could  be 
adversely impacted.

Any failure to offer high-quality technical support services may adversely affect our relationships with 
our customers.

Once our solutions are deployed, our customers depend on our customer success organization to 
resolve  technical  issues  relating  to  our  solutions.  We  may  be  unable  to  respond  quickly  enough  to 
accommodate short-term increases in customer demand for support services without incurring additional 
expenses or at all. Increased customer demand for these services, without corresponding revenue, could 
increase costs and adversely affect our operating results. In addition, our sales process is highly dependent 
on our solutions and business reputation and on positive recommendations from our existing customers.

27

Failure  to  establish  and  maintain  partnerships  that  can  provide  complementary  technology  offerings 
and software integrations could limit our ability to grow our business.

Our  growth  strategy  includes  expanding  the  use  of  our  platform  through  complementary 
technology offerings and software integrations, such as third-party application programming interfaces, or 
APIs.  While  we  have  established  relationships  with  certain  providers  of  complementary  technology 
offerings  and  software  integrations,  we  cannot  assure  you  that  we  will  be  successful  in  maintaining 
partnerships  with  these  providers  or  in  establishing  additional  partnerships  of  this  type.  Third-party 
providers of complementary applications and APIs may decline to enter into partnerships with us or may 
later terminate their relationships with us, change the features of their applications and platforms, restrict 
our access to their applications and platforms or alter the terms governing use of their applications and 
APIs  and  access  to  those  applications  and  platforms  in  an  adverse  manner.  Such  changes  could 
functionally  limit  or  terminate  our  ability  to  use  these  third-party  applications  and  platforms  with  the 
Workiva platform. Further, if we fail to integrate the Workiva platform with new third-party applications 
and  platforms  that  our  customers  use,  or  to  adapt  to  the  data  transfer  requirements  of  such  third-party 
applications  and  platforms,  we  may  not  be  able  to  offer  the  functionality  that  our  customers  need.  In 
addition,  we  may  benefit  from  these  partners’  brand  recognition,  reputations,  referrals  and  customer 
bases.  Any  losses  or  shifts  in  the  referrals  from  or  the  market  positions  of  these  partners  in  general,  in 
relation to one another or to new competitors or new technologies could lead to losses in our relationships 
or customers or our need to identify or transition to alternative channels for marketing our solutions.

If we do not keep pace with technological changes, our solutions may become less competitive.

Our  market  is  characterized  by  rapid  technological  change,  frequent  product  and  service 
innovation and evolving industry standards. If we are unable to provide enhancements and new features 
for our existing solutions or new solutions that achieve market acceptance or that keep pace with these 
technological  developments,  our  business  could  be  adversely  affected.  For  example,  we  focus  on 
enhancing the features of our platform to improve its utility for larger customers with complex, dynamic 
and  global  operations.  The  success  of  enhancements,  new  features  and  solutions  depends  on  several 
factors, including the timely completion, introduction and market acceptance of the enhancements or new 
features  or  solutions.  If  we  fail  to  introduce  platform  enhancements,  or  if  our  customers  experience 
difficulties  using  our  platform  as  a  result  of  the  transition  or  of  the  implementation  of  these 
enhancements, our revenue retention and revenue growth may be adversely affected. In addition, because 
our solutions are designed to operate on a variety of systems, we will need to continuously modify and 
enhance our solutions to keep pace with changes in internet-related hardware, software, communication, 
browser  and  database  technologies.  We  may  not  be  successful  in  either  developing  these  modifications 
and enhancements or in bringing them to market in a timely fashion. Furthermore, uncertainties about the 
timing  and  nature  of  new  network  platforms  or  technologies,  or  modifications  to  existing  platforms  or 
technologies, could increase our research and development expenses. Any failure of our solutions to keep 
pace  with  technological  changes  or  operate  effectively  with  future  network  platforms  and  technologies 
could  reduce  the  demand  for  our  solutions,  result  in  customer  dissatisfaction  and  adversely  affect  our 
business.

If  we  fail  to  manage  our  technical  operations  infrastructure,  our  existing  customers  may  experience 
service outages, and our new customers may experience delays in the deployment of our solutions. 

We  have  experienced  significant  growth  in  the  number  of  users,  projects  and  data  that  our 
operations  infrastructure  supports.  We  seek  to  maintain  sufficient  excess  capacity  in  our  operations 
infrastructure  to  meet  the  needs  of  all  of  our  customers.  We  also  seek  to  maintain  excess  capacity  to 
facilitate  the  rapid  provision  of  new  customer  deployments  and  the  expansion  of  existing  customer 
deployments. In addition, we need to properly manage our technological operations infrastructure in order 

28

to support changes in hardware and software parameters and the evolution of our solutions, all of which 
require significant lead time. Our platform interacts with and depends on technology provided by Amazon 
Web Services, Google Cloud Platform and other third-party providers, and our data is hosted pursuant to 
service  agreements  with  these  providers.  We  do  not  control  the  operation  of  these  providers  or  their 
facilities,  and  the  facilities  are  vulnerable  to  damage,  interruption  or  misconduct,  which  could  result  in 
interruptions in our services. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, website disruptions, 
outages  and  other  performance  problems.  These  problems  may  be  caused  by  a  variety  of  factors, 
including  infrastructure  changes,  human  or  software  errors,  viruses,  security  attacks,  fraud,  spikes  in 
customer usage and denial of service issues. In some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause 
or  causes  of  these  performance  problems  within  an  acceptable  period  of  time.  If  we  do  not  accurately 
predict our infrastructure requirements, our existing customers may experience service outages that may 
subject us to financial penalties, financial liabilities and customer losses. If our operations infrastructure 
fails to keep pace with increased sales, customers may experience delays as we seek to obtain additional 
capacity, which could adversely affect our reputation and our revenue. 

The inability to maintain software licenses, or the existence of errors in the software we license could 
result in increased costs or reduced service levels. 

Our solutions incorporate certain third-party software that may be licensed to or hosted by or on 
behalf of Workiva, or may be hosted by a licensor and accessed by Workiva on a Software-as-a-Service 
basis.  We  anticipate  that  we  will  continue  to  rely  on  third-party  software  and  development  tools  from 
third  parties  in  the  future.  There  may  not  be  commercially  reasonable  alternatives  to  the  third-party 
software  we  currently  use,  or  it  may  be  difficult  or  costly  to  replace.  In  addition,  integration  of  the 
software  used  in  our  solutions  with  new  third-party  software  may  require  significant  work  and  require 
substantial  investment  of  our  time  and  resources.  Any  undetected  errors  or  defects  in  this  third-party 
software  could  prevent  the  deployment  or  impair  the  functionality  of  our  solutions,  delay  new  solution 
introductions, result in a failure of our solutions and injure our reputation. 

Interruptions in third-party services or software may damage our reputation, reduce our revenue, 
cause us to issue credits or pay penalties, cause customers to terminate their subscriptions and adversely 
affect  our  renewal  rates  and  our  ability  to  attract  new  customers.  Our  business  would  be  harmed  if  our 
customers and potential customers believe our service is unreliable. Any inability to maintain or acquire 
third-party  licensed  software  for  use  in  our  solutions  could  result  in  increased  costs  or  reduced  service 
levels, which would adversely affect our business.

Any failure or interruptions in the internet infrastructure, bandwidth providers, data center providers, 
other third parties or our own systems could negatively impact our business.

Our  ability  to  deliver  our  solutions  is  dependent  on  the  development  and  maintenance  of  the 
internet and other telecommunications services by third parties. Such services include maintenance of a 
reliable  network  backbone  with  the  necessary  speed,  data  capacity  and  security  for  providing  reliable 
internet access and services and reliable telecommunications systems that connect our operations. While 
our solutions are designed to operate without interruption, we may experience interruptions and delays in 
services and availability from time to time.

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Further,  we  rely  on  third-party  systems  and  vendors,  including  data  center,  bandwidth,  and 
telecommunications  equipment  providers,  to  provide  our  solutions.  Our  platform  has  been  developed 
with, and is based on, cloud computing technology. It is hosted pursuant to service agreements on servers 
by third-party service providers, including those with Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud Platform. 
We do not control the operation of these providers or their facilities, and the facilities are vulnerable to 
damage,  interruption  or  misconduct.  We  also  do  not  maintain  redundant  systems  for  some  of  these 
services. Unanticipated problems at these facilities could result in lengthy interruptions in our services. If 
the services of one or more of these providers are terminated, disrupted, interrupted or suspended for any 
reason,  we  could  experience  disruption  in  our  ability  to  offer  our  solutions,  or  we  could  be  required  to 
retain the services of replacement providers. We may move or transfer our data and our customers’ data to 
other cloud hosting providers and any unsuccessful data transfers may impair the delivery of our service. 

Changes in laws and regulations related to the internet or changes in the internet infrastructure itself 
may diminish the demand for our solutions.

The future success of our business depends upon the continued use of the internet as a primary 
medium  for  commerce,  communication  and  business  solutions.  Federal,  state  or  foreign  government 
bodies or agencies have in the past adopted, and may in the future adopt, laws or regulations affecting the 
use  of  the  internet  as  a  commercial  medium.  Changes  in  these  laws  or  regulations  could  require  us  to 
modify our solutions in order to comply with these changes. In addition, government agencies or private 
organizations  may  begin  to  impose  taxes,  fees  or  other  charges  for  accessing  the  internet  or  commerce 
conducted via the internet. These laws or charges could result in reductions in the demand for internet-
based solutions such as ours. 

In addition, the use of the internet as a business tool could be adversely affected due to delays in 
the  development  or  adoption  of  new  standards  and  protocols  to  handle  increased  demands  of  internet 
activity, security, reliability, cost, ease of use, accessibility and quality of service. The performance of the 
internet  and  its  acceptance  as  a  business  tool  has  been  adversely  affected  by  “viruses,”  “worms”  and 
similar malicious programs, and the internet has experienced a variety of outages and other delays as a 
result of damage to portions of its infrastructure. If the use of the internet is adversely affected by these 
issues, demand for our solutions could suffer.

We  are  subject  to  U.S.  and  foreign  data  privacy  and  protection  laws  and  regulations  as  well  as 
contractual privacy obligations.

We  manage  private  and  confidential  information  and  documentation  related  to  our  customers’ 
finances  and  transactions,  often  prior  to  public  dissemination.  The  use  of  insider  information  is  highly 
regulated in the United States and abroad, and violations of securities laws and regulations may result in 
civil  and  criminal  penalties.  In  addition,  we  are  subject  to  the  data  privacy  and  protection  laws  and 
regulations  adopted  by  federal,  state  and  foreign  legislatures  and  governmental  agencies.  Privacy  laws 
restrict our storage, use, processing, disclosure, transfer and protection of personal information that may 
be  placed  in  our  platform  by  our  customers  or  collected  from  visitors  while  visiting  our  websites.  The 
regulatory framework for privacy and data protection issues worldwide is evolving, and new or proposed 
legislation and regulations could also significantly affect our business. These laws and regulations, as well 
as  any  associated inquiries or investigations or any other government actions, may be costly to comply 
with and may delay or impede the development of new products, result in negative publicity, increase our 
operating costs, require significant management time and attention, and subject us to remedies that may 
harm  our  business,  including  fines  or  demands  or  orders  that  we  modify  or  cease  existing  business 
practices.

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In addition, as we expand our operations internationally, compliance with regulations that differ 
from  jurisdiction  to  jurisdiction  may  also  impose  substantial  burdens  on  our  business.  In  particular,  the 
European  Union  has  implemented  the  General  Data  Protection  Regulation  (“GDPR”),  which  came  into 
force  in  May  2018.  The  GDPR  includes  more  robust  obligations  on  data  processors  and  heavier 
documentation requirements for data protection compliance programs by companies that process personal 
data of residents of the E.U., and imposes significant penalties for non-compliance. Further, because our 
customers often use a Workiva account across multiple jurisdictions, E.U. regulators could determine that 
we  transfer  data  from  the  E.U.  to  the  U.S.,  which  could  subject  us  to  E.U.  laws  with  respect  to  data 
privacy. Those laws and regulations are uncertain and subject to change. For example, in July 2020, the 
Court of Justice of the E.U. issued a decision that invalidated the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield framework, a 
mechanism that companies had previously relied on to transfer personal information from the E.U. to the 
U.S.,  on  the  basis  that  such  transfer  mechanism  does  not  comply  with  the  level  of  protection  required 
under the GDPR. These changes to the legal bases for transferring data from E.U. to the U.S. could affect 
the manner in which we provide our services or adversely affect our financial results.

In addition to government activity, the technology industry and other industries are considering 
various new, additional or different self-regulatory standards that may place additional burdens on us. If 
the processing of personal and confidential information were to be curtailed in this manner, our software 
solutions  may  be  less  effective  or  diminish  the  user  experience,  which  may  reduce  demand  for  our 
solutions and adversely affect our business.    

We  are  also  subject  to  the  privacy  and  data  protection-related  obligations  in  our  contracts  with 
our  customers  and  other  third  parties.  We  could  be  adversely  affected  by  changes  to  these  contracts  in 
ways  that  are  inconsistent  with  our  practices  or  in  conflict  with  the  laws  and  regulations  of  the  United 
States,  foreign  or  international  regulatory  authorities.  We  may  also  be  contractually  liable  to  indemnify 
and hold harmless our clients from the costs or consequences of inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure of 
data that we store or handle as part of providing our services. Finally, we are also subject to contractual 
obligations and other legal restrictions with respect to our collection and use of data, and we may be liable 
to third parties in the event we are deemed to have wrongfully used or gathered data.

As our customers and prospects prepare to comply with frequently changing privacy legislation, 
including GDPR, we are subject to our current and prospective customers’ enhanced due diligence prior 
to contract execution. Furthermore, the uncertainty of how regulators will apply privacy laws in different 
jurisdictions  has  caused  many  companies  to  adopt  very  broad  and  restrictive  vendor  policies,  contract 
templates  and  requirements.  Due  to  the  aforementioned  changes  to  privacy  law,  our  current  and 
prospective  customers  have  begun  to  require  us  to  adopt  standard  contractual  clauses,  data  processing 
agreements, or amendments to existing agreements regarding privacy and/or security compliance prior to 
conducting new (or any) business with us. In addition, due diligence by current or prospective customers 
may take the form of onsite audits and questionnaires. Negotiating these clauses and satisfying customers’ 
concerns around privacy risk can slow down the overall sales cycle due to the coordination of so many 
subject matter experts. Slower sales cycles may limit our ability to grow and create focus on compliance 
points as opposed to new sales.

Any failure by us or a third-party contractor providing services to us to comply with applicable 
privacy  and  data  protection  laws,  regulations,  self-regulatory  requirements  or  industry  guidelines,  our 
contractual privacy obligations or our own privacy policies, may result in fines, statutory or contractual 
damages, litigation or governmental enforcement actions. These proceedings or violations could force us 
to  spend  significant  amounts  in  defense  or  settlement  of  these  proceedings,  result  in  the  imposition  of 
monetary liability, distract our management, increase our costs of doing business, and adversely affect our 
reputation and the demand for our solutions.

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 Furthermore, government agencies may seek to access sensitive information that our customers 
upload  to  our  service  providers  or  restrict  customers’  access  to  our  service  providers.  Laws  and 
regulations  relating  to  government  access  and  restrictions  are  evolving,  and  compliance  with  such  laws 
and  regulations  could  limit  adoption  of  our  services  by  customers  and  create  burdens  on  our  business. 
Moreover,  investigations  into  our  compliance  with  privacy-related  obligations  could  increase  our  costs 
and divert management attention.

Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights or defend against accusations of infringement of 
third-party intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect our proprietary technology 
and our brand. 

Our  success  substantially  depends  upon  our  proprietary  methodologies  and  other  intellectual 
property rights. Unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties may damage our brand and 
our reputation. As of December 31, 2021, we had 63 issued patents and 15 patent applications pending, 
and we expect to seek additional patents in the future. In addition, we rely on a combination of copyright, 
trademark  and  trade  secret  laws,  employee  and  third-party  non-disclosure  and  non-competition 
agreements  and  other  methods  to  protect  our  intellectual  property.  However,  unauthorized  parties  may 
attempt to copy or obtain and use our technology to develop products with the same functionality as our 
solutions. We cannot assure you that the steps we take to protect our intellectual property will be adequate 
to deter misappropriation of our proprietary information or that we will be able to detect unauthorized use 
and take appropriate steps to protect our intellectual property. United States federal and state intellectual 
property  laws  offer  limited  protection,  and  the  laws  of  some  countries  provide  even  less  protection. 
Moreover, changes in intellectual property laws, such as changes in the law regarding the patentability of 
software, could also impact our ability to obtain protection for our solutions. In addition, patents may not 
be issued with respect to our pending or future patent applications. Those patents that are issued may not 
be upheld as valid, may be contested or circumvented, or may not prevent the development of competitive 
solutions. 

Patent and other intellectual property disputes are common in our industry. We might be required 
to  spend  significant  resources  and  divert  the  efforts  of  our  technical  and  management  personnel  to 
monitor  and  protect  our  intellectual  property.  Litigation  brought  to  protect  and  enforce  our  intellectual 
property  rights  could  be  costly,  time-consuming  and  distracting  to  management  and  could  result  in  the 
impairment  or  loss  of  portions  of  our  intellectual  property.  Furthermore,  our  efforts  to  enforce  our 
intellectual  property  rights  may  be  met  with  defenses,  counterclaims  and  countersuits  attacking  the 
validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Any failure to secure, protect and enforce 
our  intellectual  property  rights  could  seriously  adversely  affect  our  brand  and  adversely  impact  our 
business.

32

In addition, our success depends upon our ability to refrain from infringing upon the intellectual 
property  rights  of  others.  Some  companies,  including  some  of  our  competitors,  own  large  numbers  of 
patents, copyrights and trademarks, which they may use to assert claims against us. As we grow and enter 
new  markets,  we  will  face  a  growing  number  of  competitors.  As  the  number  of  competitors  in  our 
industry grows and the functionality of products in different industry segments overlaps, we expect that 
software and other solutions in our industry may be subject to such claims by third parties. Third parties 
may  in  the  future  assert  claims  of  infringement,  misappropriation  or  other  violations  of  intellectual 
property rights against us. We cannot assure you that infringement claims will not be asserted against us 
in the future, or that, if asserted, any infringement claim will be successfully defended. A successful claim 
against us could require that we pay substantial damages or ongoing royalty payments, prevent us from 
offering our services, or require that we comply with other unfavorable terms. We may also be obligated 
to  indemnify  our  customers  or  business  partners  or  pay  substantial  settlement  costs,  including  royalty 
payments, in connection with any such claim or litigation and to obtain licenses, modify applications or 
refund fees, which could be costly. Even if we were to prevail in such a dispute, any litigation regarding 
our intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and divert the attention of our management 
and key personnel from our business operations.

Some of our solutions utilize open source software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or 
more of these open source licenses could negatively affect our business. 

Some of our solutions include software covered by open source licenses, which may include, by 
way of example, GNU General Public License and the Apache License. The terms of various open source 
licenses have not been interpreted by United States courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be 
construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market our 
solutions. By the terms of certain open source licenses, we could be required to release the source code of 
our proprietary software, and to make our proprietary software available under open source licenses, if we 
combine  our  proprietary  software  with  open  source  software  in  a  certain  manner.  In  the  event  that 
portions of our proprietary software are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be 
required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, re-engineer all or a portion of our 
technologies, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or 
eliminate the value of our technologies and services. In addition to risks related to license requirements, 
usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as 
open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Many 
of  the  risks  associated  with  usage  of  open  source  software  cannot  be  eliminated  and  could  negatively 
affect our business.

Risks Related to Taxes

The adoption of new tax legislation could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Changes to U.S. tax laws could also impact how U.S. corporations are taxed. Although we cannot 
predict whether or in what form such changes will be issued or enacted, they could have a material impact 
on our effective tax rate, income tax expense, deferred tax assets, results of operations, cash flows, and 
profitability.

33

Determining our income tax rate is complex and subject to uncertainty. 

The computation of provision for income tax is complex, as it is based on the laws of numerous 
taxing jurisdictions and requires significant judgment on the application of complicated rules governing 
accounting  for  tax  provisions  under  U.S.  generally  accepted  accounting  principles.  In  addition,  the 
application  of  federal,  state,  local  and  international  tax  laws  to  services  provided  electronically  is 
evolving,  and  new  tax  requirements  could  be  applied  solely  or  disproportionately  to  services  provided 
over the internet. Provision for income tax for interim quarters is based on a forecast of our U.S. and non-
U.S. effective tax rates for the year, which includes forward-looking financial projections, including the 
expectations of profit and loss by jurisdiction, and contains numerous assumptions. Various items cannot 
be accurately forecasted and future events may be treated as discrete to the period in which they occur. 
Our  provision  for  income  tax  can  be  materially  impacted,  for  example,  by  the  geographical  mix  of  our 
profits and losses, changes in our business, such as internal restructuring and acquisitions, changes in tax 
laws  and  accounting  guidance  and  other  regulatory,  legislative  or  judicial  developments  changes  in  tax 
rates, tax audit determinations, changes in our uncertain tax positions, changes in our intent and capacity 
to  permanently  reinvest  foreign  earnings,  changes  to  our  transfer  pricing  practices,  tax  deductions 
attributed  to  equity  compensation  and  changes  in  our  need  for  a  valuation  allowance  for  deferred  tax 
assets. The authorities in these jurisdictions in which we operate or otherwise conduct business, including 
state and local taxing authorities in the United States, could successfully assert that we are obligated to 
pay  additional  taxes,  interest  and  penalties.  The  authorities  could  also  claim  that  various  withholding 
requirements  apply  to  us  or  our  subsidiaries  or  assert  that  benefits  of  tax  treaties,  tax  holidays  or 
government grants that we intend to utilize are not available to us or our subsidiaries, any of which could 
have a material impact on us and the results of our operations. 

The  tax  authorities  in  the  United  States  and  other  countries  where  we  do  business  regularly 
examine  our  income  and  other  tax  returns,  and  these  examinations  could  result  in  the  assessment  of 
material additional taxes. Our tax expense also may be impacted if our intercompany transactions, which 
are required to be computed on an arm’s-length basis, are challenged and successfully disputed by the tax 
authorities. For these reasons, our actual income taxes may be materially different from our provision for 
income tax. 

Our  ability  to  use  our  net  operating  losses  to  offset  future  taxable  income  may  be  subject  to  certain 
limitations.

In  general,  under  Section  382  of  the  Code,  a  corporation  that  undergoes  an  ownership  change 
within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code and the underlying regulations is subject to limitations on 
its ability to utilize its pre-change net operating losses (“NOLs”), to offset future taxable income. If our 
existing  NOLs  are  subject  to  limitations  arising  from  previous  ownership  changes,  our  ability  to  utilize 
NOLs  could  be  limited  by  Section  382  of  the  Code.  Future  changes  in  our  stock  ownership,  some  of 
which  are  outside  of  our  control,  could  result  in  an  ownership  change  under  Section  382  of  the  Code. 
Furthermore, our ability to utilize the NOLs of companies that we have acquired or may acquire in the 
future  may  be  subject  to  limitations.  There  is  also  a  risk  that  under  prior  regulations  or  due  to  other 
unforeseen reasons, our prior year NOLs could expire or otherwise be unavailable to offset future income 
tax liabilities. For these reasons, we may not be able to realize a tax benefit from the use of our NOLs, 
whether or not we attain profitability.

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Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

Our  stock  price  has  been  and  will  likely  continue  to  be  volatile  or  may  decline  regardless  of  our 
operating performance. 

The trading price for shares of our Class A common stock has been, and is likely to continue to 
be, volatile for the foreseeable future. The market price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate in 
response to many risk factors listed in this section, and others beyond our control.

Furthermore, the stock markets recently have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations 
that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies, and 
technology companies in particular. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to 
the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as 
general  economic,  political  and  market  conditions  such  as  recessions,  interest  rate  changes  or 
international currency fluctuations, may negatively impact the market price of our Class A common stock. 
In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject 
to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities 
litigation  against  us  could  result  in  substantial  costs  and  divert  our  management’s  attention  from  other 
business concerns, which could harm our business.

If there are substantial sales of shares of our Class A common stock or some or all of our convertible 
senior notes are converted and sold, the price of our Class A common stock could decline. 

The  price  of  our  Class  A  common  stock  could  decline  if  our  convertible  senior  notes  are 
converted.  In  addition,  upon  conversion  of  the  convertible  senior  notes,  we  have  the  option  to  pay  or 
deliver,  as  the  case  may  be,  cash,  shares  of  our  Class  A  common  stock,  or  a  combination  of  cash  and 
shares  of  our  Class  A  common  stock,  and  anticipated  conversion  of  the  convertible  senior  notes  into 
shares of our Class A common stock could depress the price of our Class A common stock. Further, the 
existence of the convertible senior notes may encourage short selling by market participants that engage 
in hedging or arbitrage activity.

The market price of the shares of our Class A common stock could decline as a result of the sale 
of  a  substantial  number  of  our  shares  of  common  stock  in  the  public  market,  including  by  us,  our 
directors, executive officers and significant shareholders, or by the conversion of our convertible senior 
notes  into  shares  of  our  Class  A  common  stock  and  the  subsequent  sale  of  such  shares  in  the  public 
market. New investors in subsequent transactions could gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to 
those of holders of our Class A common stock.

The  dual  class  structure  of  our  common  stock  concentrates  voting  control  with  certain  of  our 
executives. 

Our Class B common stock has ten votes per share, and our Class A common stock has one vote 
per  share.  As  of  December  31,  2021,  the  Class  B  common  stock  beneficially  owned  by  certain  of  our 
current and former executive officers collectively represented approximately 47% of the voting power of 
our outstanding capital stock. This significant concentration of voting power may limit the ability of Class 
A common stockholders to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future and may have the effect 
of  delaying,  deferring or preventing a change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or 
other business combination involving us, or discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer 
or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our business, even if such a transaction would benefit other 
stockholders.  The  holders  of  Class  B  common  stock  may  also  have  interests  that  differ  from  those  of 

35

Class A common stock holders and may vote in a way that may be adverse to the interests of holders of 
Class A common stock.

Anti-takeover  provisions  in  our  charter  documents,  our  convertible  senior  notes  and  Delaware  law 
could make an acquisition of us more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove 
our current management and may negatively affect the market price of our Class A common stock. 

Provisions  in  our  certificate  of  incorporation  and  bylaws  may  have  the  effect  of  delaying  or 
preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws 
include provisions that:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

establish  that  our  board  of  directors  is  divided  into  three  classes,  with  each  class  serving 
three-year staggered terms;

provide that our directors may be removed only for cause;

provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors 
then in office, even though less than a quorum;

require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or 
special meeting and not by written consent;

specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our board of directors, 
the  chairman  of  our  board  of  directors  or  our  chief  executive  officer  or  president  (in  the 
absence of a chief executive officer);

establish  an  advance  notice  procedure  for  stockholder  proposals  to  be  brought  before  an 
annual  meeting,  including  proposed  nominations  of  persons  for  election  to  our  board  of 
directors;

authorize  our  board  of  directors  to  issue,  without  further  action  by  the  stockholders,  up  to 
100,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock;

require  the  approval  of  our  board  of  directors  or  the  holders  of  a  supermajority  of  our 
outstanding  shares  of  capital  stock  to  amend  our  bylaws  and  certain  provisions  of  our 
certificate of incorporation; and

reflect two classes of common stock, as discussed above.

In addition, certain provisions in the indenture governing our convertible senior notes may make 
it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire us. In addition, we are a Delaware corporation 
and  governed  by  the  provisions  of  Section  203  of  the  Delaware  General  Corporation  Law,  which 
generally  prohibits  a  Delaware  corporation  from  engaging  in  any  of  a  broad  range  of  business 
combinations  with  any  “interested”  stockholder,  in  particular  those  owning  15%  or  more  of  our 
outstanding voting stock, for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became 
an “interested” stockholder. 

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We may not declare or pay cash dividends on our capital stock in the near future. We currently 
intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not 
expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, stockholders must rely on 
sales of their Class A common stock after price appreciation as the only way to realize any future gains on 
their investment.

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Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

The conditional conversion feature of our convertible senior notes may adversely affect our financial 
condition and operating results.

We  completed  an  offering  of  convertible  senior  notes  in  August  2019.  The  convertible  senior 
notes became conditionally convertible for the fourth quarter of 2021 and the first quarter of 2022 because 
our Class A Common Stock traded at a price equal to or greater than 130% of the conversion price for at 
least  20  trading  days  during  the  30  consecutive  trading  days  ending  on  the  last  trading  day  of  the 
immediately  preceding  calendar  quarter.  As  a  result  of  this  trigger  being  met,  and  in  the  event  the 
conditional conversion feature of our convertible senior notes is triggered again in future periods, holders 
of such notes will be entitled to convert the convertible senior notes at any time during specified periods 
at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their convertible senior notes, unless we elect to 
satisfy  our  conversion  obligation  by  delivering  solely  shares  of  our  Class  A  common  stock  (other  than 
paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of 
our  conversion  obligation  through  the  payment  of  cash,  which  could  adversely  affect  our  liquidity.  In 
addition, even if holders do not elect to convert their convertible senior notes, we could be required under 
applicable  accounting  rules  to  reclassify  all  or  a  portion  of  the  outstanding  principal  of  the  convertible 
senior notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our 
net working capital.

Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our 
current  and  future  indebtedness,  including  our  convertible  senior  notes,  depends  on  our  future 
performance.  In  addition,  holders  of  the  convertible  senior  notes  will  have  the  right  to  require  us  to 
repurchase  their  convertible  senior  notes  for  cash  upon  the  occurrence  of  certain  fundamental  changes. 
Upon conversion of the convertible senior notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our Class A 
common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), 
we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the notes being converted. Our business may not 
continue  to  generate  cash  flow  from  operations  in  the  future  sufficient  to  service  our  debt  and  make 
necessary capital expenditures.

37

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

Our  corporate  headquarters  is  located  in  Ames,  Iowa,  where  we  lease  approximately  120,000 
square feet of office space. We also lease office facilities in nine U.S. cities located in Arizona, Colorado, 
the District of Columbia, Illinois, Montana, New York, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. Internationally, 
we  lease  offices  in  Canada,  the  Netherlands,  the  United  Kingdom,  Germany,  France,  Hong  Kong, 
Australia, and Singapore. We believe that our properties are generally suitable to meet our needs for the 
foreseeable future. In addition, to the extent we require additional space in the future, we believe that it 
would be readily available on commercially reasonable terms.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising 
in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that in the 
opinion of our management, if determined adversely to us, would have a material adverse effect on our 
business,  financial  condition,  operating  results  or  cash  flows.  Regardless  of  the  outcome,  litigation  can 
have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources 
and other factors.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

38

Part II.

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer 
Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our Class A common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “WK”. Our Class B common 

stock is not listed or traded on any stock exchange.

Stockholders

As  of  December  31,  2021,  there  were  approximately  76  stockholders  of  record  of  our  Class  A 

common stock, as well as 10 stockholders of record of our Class B common stock.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain 
any future earnings and do not expect to pay any dividends on our capital stock. Any future determination 
to pay dividends on our capital stock will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on 
our  financial  condition,  results  of  operations,  capital  requirements  and  other  factors  that  our  board  of 
directors considers relevant. 

Stock Performance Graph

The following shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any of our other filings under 

the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.

The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our Class A common stock 
with the cumulative total return on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and the Nasdaq Computer Index. The 
chart assumes $100 was invested at the close of market on December 31, 2016, in the Class A common 
stock of Workiva Inc., the S&P 500 Index and the Nasdaq Computer Index, and assumes the reinvestment 
of any dividends.

39

The comparisons in the graph below are based upon historical data and are not indicative of, nor 

intended to forecast, future performance of our Class A common stock.

Company/Index

12/31/2016

12/31/2017

12/31/2018

12/31/2019

12/31/2020

12/31/2021

Workiva Inc. (WK)     ........... $ 

100.00  $ 

156.78  $ 

262.93  $ 

308.06  $ 

671.21  $ 

955.97 

S&P 500 Index (SPX)     .......
NASDAQ Computer 
Index (IXK)  .......................

100.00 

121.98 

116.63 

153.32 

181.52 

233.56 

100.00 

140.36 

136.66 

207.66 

314.30 

435.70 

40

Comparison of Cumulative Total Return of Workiva Inc.Workiva Inc. (WK)S&P 500 Index (SPX)NASDAQ Computer Index (IXK)12/31/1612/31/1712/31/1812/31/1912/31/2012/31/2102004006008001000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The  following  table  provides  information  about  purchases  of  shares  of  our  Class  A  Common 
Stock  during  the  three  months  ended  December  31,  2021  related  to  shares  withheld  upon  vesting  of 
restricted stock units for tax withholding obligations:

Date

Total Number of 
Shares 
Purchased (1)

Average Price 
Paid Per Share

October 2021     ..................................

24,286  $ 

142.35 

November 2021     ..............................

December 2021   ...............................

— 

— 

— 

— 

Total   ................................................

24,286  $ 

142.35 

Total Number of 
Shares 
Purchased as 
Part of Publicly 
Announced 
Program

Maximum 
Number (or 
Approximate 
Dollar Value) of 
Shares that May 
Yet Be 
Purchased 
Under Program

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1)  Total  number  of  shares  delivered  to  us  by  employees  to  satisfy  the  mandatory  tax  withholding 

requirement upon vesting of stock-based compensation awards.

Item 6. [Reserved]

41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The  following  discussion  and  analysis  of  our  financial  condition  and  results  of  our  operations  should  be 
read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual 
Report.  In  addition  to  historical  consolidated  financial  information,  this  discussion  contains  forward-looking 
statements  that  involve  risks  and  uncertainties.  Our  actual  results  could  differ  materially  from  those  discussed 
below.  Factors  that  could  cause  or  contribute  to  these  differences  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  those  identified 
below, and those discussed in “Section 1A. Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Overview

Workiva  simplifies  complex  work  for  thousands  of  organizations  worldwide.  We  are  a  leading 
provider of cloud-based compliance and regulatory reporting solutions that are designed to solve business 
challenges at the intersection of data, process and people.

Workiva changes the way enterprises manage and report business data. Our open, intelligent and 
intuitive  platform  is  based  on  single  instance,  multi-tenant  software  applications  deployed  in  the  cloud. 
Our  platform  connects  data,  documents  and  teams,  which  results  in  improved  efficiency,  greater 
transparency and reduced risk of errors. We offer customers controlled collaboration, data linking, data 
integrations, granular permissions, process management and a full audit trail on our proprietary platform. 

Customers use our platform to create, review and publish data-linked documents and reports with 
greater  control,  consistency,  accuracy  and  productivity.  Customers  collaborate  in  the  same  document 
simultaneously, which improves efficiency and version control. Our platform is flexible and scalable, so 
customers can easily adapt it to define, automate and change their business processes in real time.  

Our  platform  lets  our  customers  connect  data  from  Enterprise  Resource  Planning  (“ERP”), 
Governance  Risk  and  Compliance  (“GRC”),  Human  Capital  Management  (“HCM”)  and  Customer 
Relationship  Management  (“CRM”)  systems,  as  well  as  other  third-party  cloud  and  on-premise 
applications.

While our customers use our platform for dozens of different use cases, our sales and marketing 
resources  are  organized  into  four  solution  groups:  Regulatory  Reporting,  Non-Regulatory  Reporting, 
Financial Services and Integrated Risk.

We operate our business on a Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) model. Customers enter into annual 
and multi-year subscription contracts to gain access to our platform. Our subscription fee includes the use 
of  our  software  and  technical  support.  Our  subscription  pricing  is  based  primarily  on  a  solution-based 
licensing  model.  Under  this  model,  operating  metrics  related  to  a  customer’s  expected  use  of  each 
solution  determine  the  price.  We  charge  customers  additional  fees  primarily  for  document  setup  and 
XBRL tagging services. 

We generate sales primarily through our direct sales force and, to a lesser extent, our customer 
success  and  professional  services  teams.  In  addition,  we  augment  our  direct  sales  channel  with 
partnerships.  Our  advisory  and  service  partners  offer  a  wider  range  of  domain  and  functional  expertise 
that broadens the capabilities of our platform, bringing scale and support to customers and prospects. Our 
technology  partners  enable  more  data  and  process  integrations  to  help  customers  connect  critical 
transactional systems directly to our platform.

We continue to invest in the development of our solutions, infrastructure and sales and marketing 
to drive long-term growth. Our full-time employee headcount expanded to 2,106 at December 31, 2021 
from 1,718 at December 31, 2020, an increase of 22.6%. 

42

We  have  achieved  significant  revenue  growth  in  recent  periods.  Our  revenue  grew  to  $443.3 
million  in  2021  from  $351.6  million  in  2020,  an  increase  of  26.1%.  We  incurred  net  losses  of  $37.7 
million and $48.4 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Recent Business Developments

On  December  29,  2021,  we  acquired  all  of  the  equity  interest  in  Mark  V  Systems  Limited,  a 
California  corporation  (“Mark  V  Systems”)  and  owner  of  Arelle,  the  leading  open-source  XBRL 
validation  engine.  As  the  global  standard,  Arelle  is  used  by  a  community  of  over  50  global  regulators, 
banks  and  technology  companies  that  depend  on  it  for  data  quality  and  comparison.  Workiva  is 
committed to working with the XBRL community to keep Arelle open-sourced and collaborating for the 
advancement of this important validation engine.

On  December  10,  2021,  we  acquired  all  of  the  membership  interests  in  AuditNet,  LLC 
(“AuditNet”),  a  global  audit  content  and  services  provider,  which  strengthens  Workiva’s  risk  and 
assurance offerings.

On July 30, 2021, we acquired all of the equity interest in OneCloud, Inc., an integration platform 
as a service iPaaS company, in order to extend our integration and data preparation capabilities. See Note 
12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on our acquisitions.

Impact of COVID-19

Although the COVD-19 pandemic persists, we do not believe that it has adversely affected our 
business. We have been able to maintain business continuity and have experienced no pandemic-related 
employee  furloughs  or  layoffs.  We  have  remote-work  options  available  for  most  employees,  while 
permitting in-person collaboration at our various offices for employees who are vaccinated. We continue 
to monitor and update our practices in response to changes in the COVID-19 workplace safety and health 
standards  established  by  the  Occupational  Safety  and  Health  Administration  (“OSHA”)  and  guidance 
provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”).

Should  COVID-19  variants  continue  to  develop  and  spread,  there  is  the  possibility  of  future 
disruption to Workiva’s operations. The impact of any disruption is dependent upon a number of factors 
including the duration and severity of any COVID-19 resurgence, its impact on the overall economy and 
specific industry sectors, vaccination rates and the longer-term efficacy of vaccinations. We will continue 
to  evaluate  and  refine  our  return-to-work  and  related  policies  in  accordance  with  OSHA  and  CDC 
guidance. 

Key Factors Affecting Our Performance

Generate  Growth  From  Existing  Customers.  The  Workiva  platform  can  exhibit  a  powerful 
network effect within an enterprise, meaning that the usefulness of our platform attracts additional users. 
Since  solution-based  licensing  offers  our  customers  an  unlimited  number  of  seats  for  each  solution 
purchased, we expect customers to add more seats over time. As more employees in an enterprise use our 
platform, additional opportunities for collaboration and automation drive demand among their colleagues 
for additional solutions.

Pursue  New  Customers.  We  sell  to  organizations  that  manage  large,  complex  processes  with 
many  contributors  and  disparate  sets  of  business  data.  We  market  our  platform  to  professionals  in  the 
areas of: finance and accounting, regulatory reporting, management and performance reporting, integrated 
risk management, and global statutory reporting. We intend to continue to build our sales and marketing 
organization and leverage our brand equity to attract new customers.

43

Offer More Solutions. We intend to introduce new solutions to continue to meet growing demand 
for our platform. Our close and trusted relationships with our customers are a source for new use cases, 
features and solutions. We have a disciplined process for tracking, developing and releasing new solutions 
that are designed to have immediate, broad applicability; a strong value proposition; and a high return on 
investment  for  both  Workiva  and  our  customers.  Our  advance  planning  team  assesses  customer  needs, 
conducts  industry-based  research  and  defines  new  markets.  This  vetting  process  involves  our  sales, 
product marketing, customer success, professional services, research and development, finance and senior 
management teams.

Expand  Across  Enterprises.  Our  success  in  delivering  multiple  solutions  has  created  demand 
from  customers  for  a  broader-based,  enterprise-wide  Workiva  platform.  In  response,  we  have  been 
improving  our  technology  and  realigning  sales  and  marketing  to  capitalize  on  our  growing  enterprise-
wide  opportunities.  We  believe  this  expansion  will  add  seats  and  revenue  and  continue  to  support  our 
high  revenue  retention  rates.  However,  we  expect  that  enterprise-wide  deals  will  be  larger  and  more 
complex, which tend to lengthen the sales cycle.

Add  Partners.  We  continue  to  expand  and  deepen  our  relationships  with  global  and  regional 
partners,  including  consulting  firms,  system  integrators,  large  and  mid-sized  independent  software 
vendors, and implementation partners. Our advisory and service partners offer a wider range of domain 
and  functional  expertise  that  broadens  our  platform’s  capabilities  and  promotes  Workiva  as  part  of  the 
digital  transformation  projects  they  drive  for  their  customers.  Our  technology  partners  enable  powerful 
data  and  process  integrations  to  help  customers  connect  critical  transactional  systems  directly  to  our 
platform, with powerful linking, auditability and control features. We believe that our partner ecosystem 
extends our global reach, accelerates the usage and adoption of our platform, and enables more efficient 
delivery of professional services.

Investment in growth. We plan to continue to invest in the development of our platform, fit-for-
purpose solutions and application marketplace to enhance our current offerings and build new features. In 
addition,  we  expect  to  continue  to  invest  in  our  sales,  marketing,  professional  services  and  customer 
success organizations to drive additional revenue and support the needs of our growing customer base and 
to take advantage of opportunities that we have identified in EMEA and APAC.

Seasonality. Our revenue from professional services has some degree of seasonality. Many of our 
customers  employ  our  professional  services  just  before  they  file  their  Form  10-K,  often  in  the  first 
calendar quarter. As of December 31, 2021, the majority of our SEC customers reported their financials 
on  a  calendar-year  basis.  Sales  and  marketing  expense  is  generally  higher  in  the  third  quarter  since  we 
hold  our annual user conference in September. Our transition to a virtual event in September 2020 and 
September 2021 has mostly mitigated this trend, although we currently intend to sponsor a hybrid virtual 
and in-person event in 2022. In addition, the timing of the payments of cash bonuses to employees during 
the first and fourth calendar quarters may result in some seasonality in operating cash flow. 

44

Key Performance Indicators

2021

Year ended December 31,
2020
(dollars in thousands)

2019

Financial metrics

Total revenue     .................................................................................. $  443,285 

$  351,594 

$  297,891 

Year-over-year percentage increase in total revenue      ...................

 26.1% 

 18.0% 

 21.9% 

Subscription and support revenue     ................................................... $  379,340 

$  295,877 

$  245,765 

Year-over-year percentage increase in subscription and support 
revenue      .........................................................................................

Subscription and support as a percent of total revenue    ................

 28.2% 

 85.6% 

 20.4% 

 84.2% 

 22.6% 

 82.5% 

As of December 31,
2020

2021

2019

Operating metrics

Number of customers    ......................................................................

4,315 

Subscription and support revenue retention rate     .............................
Subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-
ons     ...................................................................................................
Number of customers with annual contract value $100k+    .............

Number of customers with annual contract value $150k+    .............

Number of customers with annual contract value $300k+    .............

 97.0% 

3,723 

 95.0% 

3,510 

 94.7% 

 110.0% 

 109.5% 

 113.0% 

1,121 

578 

183 

847 

419 

119 

652 

285 

71 

Total customers. We believe total number of customers is a key indicator of our financial success 
and future revenue potential. We define a customer as an entity with an active subscription contract as of 
the  measurement  date.  Our  customer  is  typically  a  parent  company  or,  in  a  few  cases,  a  significant 
subsidiary that works with us directly. Companies with publicly-listed securities account for a substantial 
majority of our customers. 

Subscription  and  support  revenue  retention  rate.  We  calculate  our  subscription  and  support 
revenue retention rate based on all customers that were active at the end of the same calendar quarter of 
the prior year (“base customers”). We begin by annualizing the subscription and support revenue recorded 
in the same calendar quarter of the prior year for those base customers who are still active at the end of 
the current quarter. We divide the result by the annualized subscription and support revenue in the same 
quarter of the prior year for all base customers.

Our subscription and support revenue retention rate was 97.0% as of December 31, 2021, up from 
95.0%  as  of  December  31,  2020.  We  believe  that  our  success  in  maintaining  a  high  rate  of  revenue 
retention  is  attributable  primarily  to  our  robust  technology  platform  and  strong  customer  service. 
Customers  whose  securities  were  deregistered  due  to  merger  or  acquisition,  or  financial  distress 
accounted for just over half of our revenue attrition in the latest quarter.

Subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons. Add-on revenue includes the 
change  in  both  solutions  and  pricing  for  existing  customers.  We  calculate  our  subscription  and  support 
revenue retention rate including add-ons by annualizing the subscription and support revenue recorded in 
the current quarter for our base customers that were active at the end of the current quarter. We divide the 
result by the annualized subscription and support revenue in the same quarter of the prior year for all base 
customers.

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons was 110.0% as of the year 
ended  December  31,  2021,  up  slightly  from  109.5%  as  of  December  31,  2020.  It  is  possible  that  as 
customers  that  purchased  higher  priced  capital  markets  solutions  throughout  2021  transition  to  more 
moderately priced ongoing solutions in 2022, there could be downward pressure on this key performance 
indicator.

Annual  contract  value.  Our  annual  contract  value  (“ACV”)  for  each  customer  is  calculated  by 
annualizing the subscription and support revenue recognized during each quarter. We believe the increase 
in  the  number  of  larger  contracts  shows  our  progress  in  expanding  our  customers’  adoption  of  our 
platform.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We  generate  revenue  through  the  sale  of  subscriptions  to  our  cloud-based  software  and  the 
delivery of professional services. We serve a wide range of customers in many industries, and our revenue 
is  not  concentrated  with  any  single  customer  or  small  group  of  customers.  For  each  of  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, no single customer represented more than 1% of our revenue, and 
our largest 10 customers accounted for less than 5% of our revenue in the aggregate.

We  generate  sales  directly  through  our  sales  force  and  partners.  We  also  identify  some  sales 

opportunities with existing customers through our customer success and professional services teams.

Our customer contracts typically range in length from twelve to 36 months. We typically invoice 
our  customers  for  subscription  fees  annually  in  advance.  For  contracts  with  a  two  or  three  year  term, 
customers sometimes elect to pay the entire multi-year subscription term in advance. Our arrangements 
do not contain general rights of return. 

Subscription and Support Revenue. We recognize subscription and support revenue on a ratable 
basis  over  the  contract  term  beginning  on  the  date  that  our  service  is  made  available  to  the  customer. 
Amounts that are invoiced are initially recorded as deferred revenue.

Professional  Services  Revenue.  We  believe  our  professional  services  facilitate  the  sale  of  our 
subscription  service  to  certain  customers.  To  date,  most  of  our  professional  services  have  consisted  of 
document set up, XBRL tagging, and consulting to help our customers with business processes and best 
practices  for  using  our  platform.  Our  professional  services  are  not  required  for  customers  to  utilize  our 
solution.  We  recognize  revenue  for  document  set  ups  when  the  service  is  complete  and  control  has 
transferred to the customer. Revenues from XBRL tagging and consulting services are recognized as the 
services are performed.   

Cost of Revenue

Cost  of  revenue  consists  primarily  of  personnel  and  related  costs  directly  associated  with  our 
professional  services,  customer  success  teams  and  training  personnel,  including  salaries,  benefits, 
bonuses,  and  stock-based  compensation;  the  costs  of  contracted  third-party  vendors;  the  costs  of  server 
usage  by  our  customers;  information  technology  costs;  and  facility  costs.  Costs  of  server  usage  are 
comprised primarily of fees paid to Amazon Web Services. 

46

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales  and  marketing  expenses  consist  primarily  of  personnel  and  related  costs,  including 
salaries,  benefits,  bonuses,  commissions,  travel,  and  stock-based  compensation.  Other  costs  included  in 
this expense are marketing and promotional events, our annual user conference, online marketing, product 
marketing,  information  technology  costs,  and  facility  costs.  We  pay  sales  commissions  for  initial 
contracts  and  expansions  of  existing  customer  contracts.  When  the  relevant  amortization  period  is  one 
year  or  less,  we  expense  sales  commissions  as  incurred.  All  other  sales  commissions  are  considered 
incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer and are deferred and amortized on a straight-
line basis over a period of benefit that we have determined to be three years.

Research and Development Expenses

Research  and  development  expenses  consist  primarily  of  personnel  and  related  costs,  including 
salaries,  benefits,  bonuses,  and  stock-based  compensation;  costs  of  server  usage  by  our  developers; 
information technology costs; and facility costs.

General and Administrative Expenses

General  and  administrative  expenses  consist  primarily  of  personnel  and  related  costs  for  our 
executive,  finance  and  accounting,  legal,  human  resources,  and  administrative  personnel,  including 
salaries,  benefits,  bonuses,  and  stock-based  compensation;  legal,  accounting,  and  other  professional 
service fees; other corporate expenses; information technology costs; and facility costs.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth selected consolidated statement of operations data for each of the 

periods indicated:

47

Revenue

Subscription and support     .............................................................. $ 

379,340  $ 

295,877  $ 

245,765 

(in thousands)

Year ended December 31,
2020

2021

2019

Professional services     ....................................................................

Total revenue    .......................................................................................

Cost of revenue

Subscription and support(1)
Professional services(1)

   ...........................................................

      .................................................................

Total cost of revenue      ...........................................................................

Gross profit   ..........................................................................................

Operating expenses

Research and development(1)
Sales and marketing(1)
General and administrative(1)

  ........................................................

   ...................................................................

    ........................................................

Total operating expenses    .....................................................................

63,945 

443,285 

60,551 

43,282 

103,833 

339,452 

115,735 

178,785 

74,287 

368,807 

55,717 

351,594 

52,126 

297,891 

49,503 

40,674 

90,177 

42,881 

42,131 

85,012 

261,417 

212,879 

94,844 

144,687 

59,688 

299,219 

89,921 

120,300 

48,064 

258,285 

Loss from operations     ...........................................................................

(29,355)   

(37,802)   

(45,406) 

Interest income     .............................................................................

1,041 

3,282 

Interest expense     ............................................................................

(14,015)   

(13,964)   

Other income and (expense), net    ...................................................  

3,229 

(205)   

4,657 

(6,027) 

(564) 

Loss before provision for income taxes    ...............................................

(39,100)   

(48,689)   

(47,340) 

(Benefit) provision for income taxes  .............................................  

(1,370)   

(291)   

139 

Net loss    ................................................................................................ $ 

(37,730)  $ 

(48,398)  $ 

(47,479) 

(1) Stock-based compensation expense included in these line items was as follows:

2021

Year ended December 31,
2020
(in thousands)

2019

Cost of revenue

Subscription and support  ................................................................. $ 
Professional services     .......................................................................

2,868  $ 
1,729 

1,709  $ 
1,434 

1,554 
1,725 

Operating expenses

Research and development     ..............................................................

Sales and marketing       ........................................................................

General and administrative   ..............................................................

9,590 

13,901 

20,545 

8,100 

11,062 

23,466 

Total stock-based compensation expense      ............................................ $ 

48,633  $ 

45,771  $ 

8,006 

8,792 

15,707 

35,784 

The  following  table  sets  forth  our  consolidated  statement  of  operations  data  as  a  percentage  of 

revenue for each of the periods indicated:

48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31,
2020

2021

2019

Revenue

Subscription and support  .................................................................

 85.6% 

 84.2% 

 82.5% 

Professional services    .......................................................................

Total revenue    .......................................................................................

 14.4 

 100.0 

 15.8 

 100.0 

 17.5 

 100.0 

Cost of revenue

Subscription and support  .................................................................

Professional services    .......................................................................

Total cost of revenue      ...........................................................................

Gross profit   ..........................................................................................

Operating expenses

Research and development     .............................................................

Sales and marketing   ........................................................................

General and administrative     .............................................................

Total operating expenses    .....................................................................

Loss from operations     ...........................................................................

Interest income ................................................................................

Interest expense  ...............................................................................

Other (expense) income, net    ...........................................................

Loss before provision for income taxes    ...............................................

Provision (benefit) for income taxes  ....................................................

 13.7 

 9.8 

 23.5 

 76.5 

 26.1 

 40.3 

 16.8 

 83.2 

 (6.7) 

 0.2 

 (3.2) 

 0.7 

 (9.0) 

 (0.3) 

Net loss    ................................................................................................

 (8.7) %

 14.1 

 11.6 

 25.7 

 74.3 

 27.0 

 41.2 

 17.0 

 85.2 

 (10.9) 

 0.9 

 (4.0) 

 (0.1) 

 (14.1) 

 (0.1) 

 (14.0) %

 14.4 

 14.1 

 28.5 

 71.5 

 30.2 

 40.4 

 16.1 

 86.7 

 (15.2) 

 1.6 

 (2.0) 

 (0.2) 

 (15.8) 

 — 

 (15.8) %

Revenue

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Year ended December 31,

Period-to-period change

2021

2020
(dollars in thousands)

Amount

% Change

Revenue

Subscription and support  ....................................... $ 

379,340  $ 

295,877  $ 

83,463 

Professional services     .............................................

63,945 

55,717 

8,228 

Total revenue  ....................................................... $ 

443,285  $ 

351,594  $ 

91,691 

28.2%

14.8%

26.1%

Total revenue increased $91.7 million in 2021 compared to 2020 due primarily to the increase in 
subscription and support revenue of $83.5 million. Growth in subscription and support revenue in 2021 
was  attributable  mainly  to  strong  demand  and  better  pricing  for  a  broad  range  of  use  cases.  The  total 
number of our customers increased 15.9% from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021. Professional 
services  revenue  increased  $8.2  million  due  primarily  to  growth  in  revenue  from  XBRL  professional 
services. 

49

 
 
 
Cost of Revenue

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Year ended December 31,

2021

2020

Period-to-period change
% Change
Amount

(dollars in thousands)

Cost of revenue

Subscription and support  ....................................... $ 

60,551  $ 

49,503  $ 

11,048 

Professional services     .............................................

43,282 

40,674 

2,608 

Total cost of revenue      ........................................... $ 

103,833  $ 

90,177  $ 

13,656 

22.3%

6.4%

15.1%

Cost of revenue increased $13.7 million in 2021 compared to 2020. Subscription and support cost 
of  revenue  increased  $11.0  million  due  primarily  to  $8.5  million  higher  cash-based  compensation  and 
benefits and $1.2 million higher stock-based compensation due to increased headcount, as well as a $1.2 
million increase in software and server expense. The increase in cash-based compensation and benefits, 
stock-based compensation and software and server expense resulted from our continued investment in and 
support  of  our  platform  and  solutions.  Professional  services  cost  of  revenue  increased $2.6  million  due 
primarily to $2.2 million in higher cash-based compensation and benefits due to increased headcount.

Operating Expenses

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Year ended December 31,

2021

2020

Period-to-period change
% Change
Amount

(dollars in thousands)

Operating expenses

Research and development      .................................... $ 

115,735  $ 

94,844  $ 

Sales and marketing    ...............................................

General and administrative    ....................................

178,785 

74,287 

144,687 

59,688 

Total operating expenses   ..................................... $ 

368,807  $ 

299,219  $ 

20,891 

34,098 

14,599 

69,588 

22.0%

23.6%

24.5%

23.3%

Research and Development

Research  and  development  expenses  increased  $20.9  million  in  2021  compared  to  2020  due 
primarily to higher cash-based compensation and benefits costs of $16.4 million, a $1.5 million increase 
in  stock-based  compensation,  a  $1.8  million  increase  in  professional  service  fees  and  a  $0.9  million 
increase in the cost of software and cloud infrastructure services. The increases in compensation were due 
to increased headcount. The increases in professional service fees and software and cloud infrastructure 
services reflect continued investment in and support of our platform and solutions.

50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses increased $34.1 million in 2021 compared to 2020 due primarily to 
$27.8 million in higher cash-based compensation and benefits, an additional $2.8 million in stock-based 
compensation, a $1.9 million increase in marketing and advertising expense and $2.6 million in software 
expense. These increases were partially offset by $1.2 million in savings from reduced travel by our sales 
and marketing employees due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in cash-based compensation was 
due  to  an  increase  in  employee  headcount.  During  2021,  we  recognized  an  additional  $1.9  million  in 
stock-based compensation pursuant to severance obligations. The increases in marketing and advertising 
costs  and  software  expense  supports  our  continued  investment  in  and  support  of  our  platform  and 
solutions.

General and Administrative

General  and  administrative  expenses  increased  $14.6  million  in  2021  compared  to  2020,  due 
primarily  to  $12.6  million  in  higher  cash-based  compensation  and  benefits,  a  $1.7  million  increase  in 
software and cloud infrastructure services, a $1.5 million increase in professional services fees and a $1.3 
million increase in rent expense. These increases were partially offset by a $2.1 million decrease in stock-
based  compensation.  In  the  second  quarter  of  2020,  we  recorded  an  additional  $1.5  million  and  $5.5 
million  of  cash-based  and  equity-based  compensation,  respectively,  pursuant  to  certain  separation 
agreements  with  former  executives  and  managers.  The  increases  in  software  and  professional  services 
fees are the result of our continued investment in and support of our platform and solutions. The increase 
in rent expense was our investment in office space for our expanding worldwide footprint.

Non-Operating Income (Expenses)

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Year ended December 31,

2021

2020

Period-to-
period 
change
Amount

(dollars in thousands)

Interest income   ..................................................................................... $ 

1,041  $ 

3,282  $ 

(2,241) 

Interest expense     ...................................................................................

(14,015)   

(13,964)   

Other income (expense), net  ................................................................

3,229 

(205)   

(51) 

3,434 

Interest Income, Interest Expense and Other Income (Expense), Net

Interest income fell $2.2 million in 2021 compared to 2020 due to decreased interest rates in our 
investment accounts. Interest expense remained relatively flat in 2021 compared to 2020. Other expense 
decreased $3.4 million in 2021 compared to 2020 due primarily to a $3.7 million gain recognized upon 
the settlement of our equity interest in OneCloud offset by losses on foreign currency transactions.

Results of Operations for Fiscal 2020 Compared to 2019

For a comparison of our results of operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 
2019, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with 
the SEC on February 17, 2021.

51

 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview of Sources and Uses of Cash

As  of  December  31,  2021,  our  principal  sources  of  liquidity  were  cash,  cash  equivalents,  and 
marketable  securities  totaling  $530.4  million,  which  were  held  for  working  capital  purposes.  We  have 
financed our operations primarily through the proceeds of offerings of equity, convertible debt, and cash 
from  operating  activities.  We  have  generated  significant  operating  losses  and  negative  cash  flows  from 
operating  activities  as  reflected  in  our  accumulated  deficit  and  consolidated  statements  of  cash  flows. 
While we expect to continue to incur operating losses and may incur negative cash flows from operations 
in the future, we believe that current cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operating activities 
will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months from the date of the issuance 
of the audited consolidated financial statements. 

Convertible Debt

In  August  2019,  we  issued  $345.0  million  aggregate  principal  amount  of  1.125%  convertible 
senior notes due 2026, including the exercise in full by the initial purchasers of their option to purchase an 
additional $45.0 million principal amount. The Notes are senior, unsecured obligations and bear interest 
at a fixed rate of 1.125% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of 
each  year,  commencing  on  February  15,  2020.  Proceeds  from  the  issuance  of  the  Notes  totaled  $335.9 
million, net of initial purchaser discounts and issuance costs.

During  the  third  and  fourth  quarters  of  2021  one  of  the  conversion  conditions  was  met  and  the 
Notes  are  now  convertible  at  the  option  of  the  holders  through  March  31,  2022.  Specifically,  the  last 
reported sale price of our Class A common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price of the Notes for 
more  than  20  trading  days  during  the  30  consecutive  trading  days  ended  September  30,  2021  and 
December  31,  2021.  Upon  conversion,  we  will  pay  or  deliver,  as  the  case  may  be,  cash,  shares  of  our 
Class A common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election, 
in  the  manner  and  subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  provided  in  the  indenture.  As  of  December  31, 
2021, and through the date of this filing, we have not received any conversion requests for the Notes.

Cash Flows

The  following  table  summarizes  cash  flow  activity  during  the  years  ended December  31,  2021, 

2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,
2020

2019

2021

Cash flow provided by operating activities .......................................... $ 

49,844  $ 

Cash flow used in investing activities     ..................................................  

(68,631)   

33,243  $ 
(103,750)   
11,118 

30,918 

(90,065) 

363,018 

(3,388)   

(22,445)  $ 

(58,911)  $ 

304,158 

Cash flow (used in) provided by financing activities     ...........................  
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents, net of impact 
of exchange rates    .................................................................................. $ 

52

 
Operating Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2021, cash provided by operating activities was $49.8 million. 
The  primary  factors  affecting  our  operating  cash  flows  during  the  period  were  our  net  loss  of 
$37.7  million,  adjusted  for  non-cash  charges  of  $5.2  million  for  depreciation  and  amortization  of  our 
property  and  equipment  and  intangible  assets,  $48.6  million  of  stock-based  compensation,  $9.2  million 
for  the  amortization  of  our  debt  discount  and  issuance  costs,  $3.0  million  for  the  amortization  of 
premiums  and  discounts  on  marketable  securities,  a  $27.3  million  net  change  in  operating  assets  and 
liabilities  partially  offset  by  a  gain  on  the  settlement  of  equity  securities  of  $3.7  million  and  deferred 
income tax of $2.0 million. The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a 
$19.2  million  increase  in  deferred  contract  costs,  a  $7.7  million  increase  in  accounts  receivable,  and  a 
$6.5 million increase in prepaid expenses and other, offset by a $47.4 million increase in deferred revenue 
and  a  $14.7  million  increase  in  accrued  expenses  and  other  liabilities.  Customer  growth  as  well  as  the 
prior year impact of the COVID-19 pandemic accounted for most of the increase in deferred revenue. We 
offer limited incentives for customers to enter into contract terms for more than one year. The increases in 
accounts receivable and accrued expenses and other liabilities were attributable primarily to the timing of 
our  billings,  cash  collections,  and  cash  payments.  The  increase  in  prepaid  expenses  was  attributable 
primarily to the timing of annual contracts. The increase in deferred contract costs was primarily due to 
additional  payments  made  to  our  sales  force  related  to  the  direct  and  incremental  costs  of  obtaining  a 
customer contract. 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, cash provided by operating activities was $33.2 million. 
The  primary  factors  affecting  our  operating  cash  flows  during  the  period  were  our  net  loss 
of $48.4 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $4.3 million for depreciation and amortization of our 
property  and  equipment  and  intangible  assets,  $45.8  million  of  stock-based  compensation,  $8.9  million 
for the amortization of our debt discount and issuance costs and a $22.2 million net change in operating 
assets  and  liabilities.  The  primary  drivers  of  the  changes  in  operating  assets  and  liabilities  were  a 
$16.0  million  increase  in  deferred  contract  costs,  an  $8.0  million  increase  in  accounts  receivable,  a 
$2.5  million  increase  in  prepaid  expenses  and  other,  and  a  $4.1  million  decrease  in  accounts  payable, 
offset by a $37.5 million increase in deferred revenue and a $16.8 million increase in accrued expenses 
and other liabilities. Customer growth and contract renewals for longer terms accounted for most of the 
increase  in  deferred  revenue.  We  offer  limited  incentives  for  customers  to  enter  into  contract  terms  for 
more than one year. The decrease in accounts payable and increases in accounts receivable and accrued 
expenses  and  other  liabilities  were  attributable  primarily  to  the  timing  of  our  billings,  cash  collections, 
and cash payments. The increase in prepaid expenses was attributable primarily to the timing of annual 
contracts. The increase in deferred contract costs was primarily due to additional payments made to our 
sales force related to the direct and incremental costs of obtaining a customer contract.    

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities of $68.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 was due 
primarily to $170.1 million for the purchase of marketable securities, $37.5 million for acquisitions, net of 
cash  acquired,  and  $3.5  million  of  capital  expenditures,  partially  offset  by  $143.2  million  from  the 
maturities  of  marketable  securities.  Our  capital  expenditures  were  associated  primarily  with  computer 
equipment in support of expanding our infrastructure and work force.

Cash used in investing activities of $103.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 was due 
primarily  to  $175.9  million  for  the  purchase  of  marketable  securities  and  $1.9  million  of  capital 
expenditures,  partially  offset  by  $62.9  million  from  the  maturities  of  marketable  securities  and 
$11.4 million from the sale of marketable securities. Our capital expenditures were associated primarily 
with computer equipment in support of expanding our infrastructure and work force.

53

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities of $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 was due 
primarily  to  $16.6  million  in  proceeds  from  option  exercises  and  $8.9  million  in  proceeds  from  shares 
issued  in  connection  with  our  employee  stock  purchase  plan,  offset  by  $27.1  million  in  taxes  withheld 
related to net share settlement of our stock-based compensation awards and an aggregate $1.7 million in 
payments on finance lease obligations.

Cash provided by financing activities of $11.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 was 
due primarily to $19.2 million in proceeds from option exercises and $7.2 million in proceeds from shares 
issued  in  connection  with  our  employee  stock  purchase  plan,  partially  offset  by  $13.7  million  in  taxes 
withheld  related  to  net  share  settlement  of  our  stock-based  compensation  awards  and  an  aggregate 
$1.6 million in payments on finance lease obligations.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table represents our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2021, aggregated 

by type:

Convertible senior notes     ................ $ 
Operating leases including 
imputed interest   .............................
Finance leases, including interest     ..

Other contractual commitments    ....

Total

Less than 1 
year

Payments due by period

1-3 years

3-5 years

(in thousands)

More than 5 
years

364,407  $ 

3,881  $ 

7,763  $ 

352,763  $ 

— 

26,301 

26,357 

38,287 

6,946 

2,436 

13,740 

9,808 

2,630 

24,547 

4,108 

2,630 

— 

5,439 

18,661 

— 

Total contractual obligations       .... $ 

455,352  $ 

27,003  $ 

44,748  $ 

359,501  $ 

24,100 

Total future payments related to our Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 shown in the table above 
includes  $345.0  million  principal  amount  and  future  interest  payments  of  $19.4  million.  For  more 
information  on  our  convertible  senior  notes,  refer  to  Note  8  of  our  accompanying  Notes  to  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We have entered into a lease agreement for land and an office building in Ames, Iowa, which was 
constructed in two phases. The lease term includes an initial 15-year term and three five-year extensions 
at our option because renewal was determined to be reasonably assured at the inception of the lease. The 
lease contains purchase options to acquire the landlord’s interest in the land lease and building at any time 
beginning  three  years  from  June  2014  (the  commencement  date  of  the  second  phase  of  the  lease).  In 
addition, the lease requires us to purchase the building from the landlord upon certain events, such as a 
change in control.

We enter into certain non-cancelable agreements with third-party providers in the ordinary course 
of business. Under these agreements, we are committed to purchase $31.1 million for cloud infrastructure 
services  and  $7.2  million  primarily  for  cloud  services.  These  amounts  are  included  in  the  table  above 
under “other contractual commitments”.

54

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  accounting  principles 
generally  accepted  in  the  United  States.  The  preparation  of  these  consolidated  financial  statements 
requires  us  to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets,  liabilities, 
revenue, costs and expenses, provision for income taxes and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we 
evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different 
assumptions or conditions.

We  believe  that  of  our  significant  accounting  policies,  which  are  described  in  Note  1  to  our 
consolidated financial statements, the following accounting policies involve a greater degree of judgment 
and  complexity.  Accordingly,  these  are  the  policies  we  believe  are  the  most  critical  to  aid  in  fully 
understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of our operations.

Revenue Recognition

We  generate  revenue  through  the  sale  of  our  cloud-based  software  and  the  delivery  of 
professional  services.  Revenues  are  recognized  when  control  of  these  services  is  transferred  to  our 
customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those 
services.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

•

•

Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

• Determination of the transaction price

• Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

• Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

Subscription and Support Revenue 

We  recognize  subscription  and  support  revenue  on  a  ratable  basis  over  the  contract  term 
beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. Our subscription contracts are 
generally twelve to 36 months in duration, are billed either annually or in advance and are non-cancelable. 
We consider the access to our platform and related support services in a customer contract to be a series 
of  distinct  services  which  comprise  a  single  performance  obligation  because  they  are  substantially  the 
same and have the same pattern of transfer.

Professional Services Revenue and Customer Options

Professional services revenues primarily consist of fees for document set up, XBRL tagging, and 
consulting with our customers on business processes and best practices for using our platform. We have 
determined  that  an  agreement  to  purchase  these  professional  services  constitutes  an  option  to  purchase 
services  in  accordance  with  ASC  606  rather  than  an  agreement  that  creates  enforceable  rights  and 
obligations because of the customer’s contractual right to cancel services that have not yet been used. In 
the limited case of agreements where we determined that the option provides the customer with a material 
right, we allocate a portion of the transaction price to the material right based upon the relative standalone 
selling price. Professional service agreements that do not contain a material right are accounted for when 
the customer exercises its option to purchase additional services.

55

Revenue  is  recognized  for  document  set  ups  when  the  service  is  complete  and  control  has 
transferred to the customer. Revenues from XBRL tagging and consulting services are recognized as the 
services are performed.

Our  professional  services  revenue  is  higher  in  the  first  calendar  quarter  because  many  of  our 

customers employ our professional services just before they file their Form 10-K.

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

Some  of  our  contracts  with  customers  contain  multiple  performance  obligations.  For  these 
contracts,  we  account  for  the  individual  performance  obligations  separately  if  they  are  distinct.  The 
transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price 
basis.  We  determine  the  standalone  selling  prices  based  on  our  overall  pricing  objectives,  taking  into 
consideration  market  conditions  and  entity-specific  factors,  including  the  value  of  our  arrangements, 
length of term, customer demographics and the numbers and types of users within our arrangements.

While changes in assumptions or judgments or changes to the elements of the arrangement could 
cause an increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that we report in a particular period, these changes 
have not historically been significant because our recurring revenue is primarily subscription and support 
revenue.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1 of the notes to consolidated financial statements for a full description of recent 

accounting pronouncements.

56

Item 7A. 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 

Market  risk  represents  the  risk  of  loss  that  may  impact  our  financial  position  due  to  adverse 
changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations 
in foreign currency rates, although we also have some exposure due to potential changes in inflation or 
interest rates. We do not hold financial instruments for trading purposes.

Foreign Currency Risk

Our  sales  contracts  are  denominated  predominantly  in  U.S.  dollars  and,  to  a  lesser  extent,  the 
Canadian dollar, Euro, and British Pound Sterling. Consequently, our customer billings denominated in 
foreign  currency  are  subject  to  foreign  currency  exchange  risk.  A  portion  of  our  operating  expenses  is 
incurred outside the United States and is denominated in foreign currencies. These operating expenses are 
also subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the 
Canadian  dollar,  Euro,  British  pound,  Singapore  dollar,  Australian  dollar,  and  Hong  Kong  dollar. 
Additionally, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to recognize transaction gains 
and  losses  in  our  statement  of  operations.  To  date,  we  have  not  entered  into  derivatives  or  hedging 
transactions  as  our  exposure  to  foreign  currency  exchange  rates  has  not  been  material  to  our  historical 
operating results, but we may do so in the future if our exposure to foreign currency should become more 
significant. Foreign currency transaction losses are included in net loss and were $503,000, $329,000 and 
$609,000 in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Inflation Risk

Inflationary factors, such as increases in our operating expenses, may adversely affect our results 
of operations, as our customers typically purchase services from us on a subscription basis over a period 
of time. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or 
results of operations to date, an increase in the rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on 
our levels of operating expenses as a percentage of revenue if we are unable to increase the prices for our 
subscription-based solutions to keep pace with these increased expenses.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

We  had  cash,  cash  equivalents  and  marketable  securities  totaling  $530.4  million  as  of 
December  31,  2021.  The  cash,  cash  equivalents  and  marketable  securities  are  held  for  working  capital 
purposes.  Our  investments  are  made  primarily  for  capital  preservation  purposes.  We  do  not  enter  into 
investments for trading or speculative purposes.

Our cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash and money market funds. Our exposure 
to market risk for changes in interest rates is limited because our cash and cash equivalents have a short-
term maturity and are used primarily for working capital purposes. 

Our  portfolio  of  marketable  securities  was  invested  primarily  in  commercial  paper  and  U.S. 
corporate  and  U.S.  treasury  debt  securities  and  is  subject  to  market  risk  due  primarily  to  changes  in 
interest rates. Fixed rate securities may have their market value adversely affected due to a rise in interest 
rates. Accordingly, our future investment income may fluctuate as a result of changes in interest rates, or 
we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value as a result 
of  changes  in  interest  rates.  However,  because  we  classify  our  marketable  securities  as  “available  for 
sale,”  no  gains  or  losses  are  recognized  due  to  changes  in  interest  rates  unless  such  securities  are  sold 
prior to maturity or declines in fair value are caused by expected credit losses.

57

An immediate increase of 100-basis points in interest rates would have resulted in an $1.8 million 
market value reduction in our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2021. This estimate is based on a 
sensitivity model that measures market value changes when changes in interest rates occur. Fluctuations 
in  the  value  of  our  investment  securities  caused  by  a  change  in  interest  rates  (gains  or  losses  on  the 
carrying  value)  are  recorded  in  other  comprehensive  income,  and  are  realized  only  if  we  sell  the 
underlying securities.

In  August  2019,  we  issued  $345.0  million  aggregate  principal  amount  of  1.125%  convertible 
senior notes due 2026. As these Notes have a fixed annual interest rate, we have no financial or economic 
interest  exposure  associated  with  changes  in  interest  rates.  However,  the  fair  value  of  fixed  rate  debt 
instruments  fluctuates when interest rates change. Additionally, the fair value can be affected when the 
market price of our common stock fluctuates. We carry the Notes at face value less unamortized discount 
on our balance sheet, and we present the fair value for required disclosure purposes only.

58

Item 8.  Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42)      ...................................................

Consolidated Balance Sheets    .................................................................................................................................

Consolidated Statements of Operations  .................................................................................................................

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss    ................................................................................................

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)     .................................................................................

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows    ...............................................................................................................

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements   .........................................................................................................

Page

60

64

66

67

68

69

71

59

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Workiva Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Workiva  Inc.  (the  Company)  as  of 
December  31,  2021  and  2020,  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  operations,  comprehensive  loss, 
stockholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 
2021,  and  the  related  notes  (collectively  referred  to  as  the  “consolidated  financial  statements”).  In  our 
opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of 
the Company at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of 
the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December  31,  2021,  in  conformity  with  U.S.  generally  accepted 
accounting principles. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 
(United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, 
based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 22, 
2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company’s  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to 
express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting 
firm  registered  with  the  PCAOB  and  are  required  to  be  independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in 
accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and 
Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we 
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of 
material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the 
risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  financial  statements,  whether  due  to  error  or  fraud,  and  performing 
procedures  that  respond  to  those  risks.  Such  procedures  included  examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence 
regarding  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements.  Our  audits  also  included  evaluating  the 
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall 
presentation  of  the  financial  statements.  We  believe  that  our  audits  provide  a  reasonable  basis  for  our 
opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The  critical  audit  matter  communicated  below  is  a  matter  arising  from  the  current  period  audit  of  the 
financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: 
(1)  relates  to  accounts  or  disclosures  that  are  material  to  the  financial  statements  and  (2)  involved  our 
especially  challenging,  subjective,  or  complex  judgments.  The  communication  of  the  critical  audit  matter 
does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are 
not,  by  communicating  the  critical  audit  matter  below,  providing  a  separate  opinion  on  the  critical  audit 
matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

60

Description of the 
Matter

Revenue Recognition

As  described  in  Note  1  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  the  Company 
recognizes  revenue  upon  transfer  of  control  of  cloud-based  software  and 
professional  services  in  an  amount  that  reflects  the  consideration  the  Company 
expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. 

The  Company  assessed  the  terms  and  conditions  associated  with  customer 
contracts  to  identify  whether  the  services  constitute  an  agreement  that  creates 
enforceable  rights  and  obligations  or  an  option  to  purchase.  In  addition,  the 
Company identified the performance obligations and whether they were distinct. 
The transaction price was allocated to the separate performance obligations on a 
relative  standalone  selling  price  basis.  The  assessment  of  terms  and  conditions 
for the identification of performance obligations may involve judgment.

Auditing  the  Company’s  accounting  for  revenue  recognition  was  challenging 
given  the  significant  audit  effort  to  evaluate  the  terms  and  conditions  in  the 
identification  and  determination  of  distinct 
customer  contracts  and 
performance obligations in customer contracts.

the 

How We Addressed 
the Matter in Our 
Audit

We  obtained  an  understanding,  evaluated  the  design  and  tested  the  operating 
effectiveness  of  the  controls  over  the  Company’s  revenue  recognition  process, 
including management’s review of terms and conditions and the identification of 
distinct performance obligations in customer contracts.  

To test the Company’s accounting for revenue recognition, we performed audit 
procedures that included, among others, reperforming management’s assessment 
of the distinct performance obligations within the arrangement based on its terms 
and conditions for a sample of customer contracts. We tested the application of 
the  revenue  recognition  accounting  requirements  for  each  of  the  significant 
service offerings to determine whether the performance obligations identified by 
the Company were distinct. We also assessed the appropriateness of the related 
disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2010.

Chicago, Illinois

February 22, 2022 

61

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Workiva Inc. 

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Workiva Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on 
criteria  established  in  Internal  Control—Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Workiva 
Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as 
of December 31, 2021, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 
(United  States)  (PCAOB),  the  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  the  Company  as  of  December  31,  2021  and 
2020,  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  operations,  comprehensive  loss,  stockholders’  equity  (deficit) 
and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and 
our report dated February 22, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion 

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting 
and  for  its  assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  included  in  the 
accompanying  Management’s  Annual  Report  on  Internal  Control  Over  Financial  Reporting.  Our 
responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on 
our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent 
with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and 
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB.  Those  standards  require  that  we 
plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  effective  internal  control  over 
financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. 

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk 
that  a  material  weakness  exists,  testing  and  evaluating  the  design  and  operating  effectiveness  of  internal 
control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the 
circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance 
regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external 
purposes  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles.  A  company’s  internal  control  over 
financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, 
in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the 
company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation 
of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and 
expenditures  of  the  company  are  being  made  only  in  accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and 
directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of 
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the 
financial statements. 

62

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect 
misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk 
that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with 
the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP 

Chicago, Illinois

February 22, 2022

63

WORKIVA INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

As of December 31,

2021

2020

ASSETS

Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents     ............................................................................ $ 

300,386  $ 

Marketable securities     ....................................................................................
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $591 and 
$717 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively .....................................

Deferred costs   ...............................................................................................

Other receivables    ..........................................................................................

Prepaid expenses and other      ..........................................................................

230,060 

76,848 

31,152 

3,538 

15,108 

322,831 

207,207 

68,922 

21,923 

3,155 

9,047 

Total current assets    ............................................................................................

657,092 

633,085 

Property and equipment, net   ...........................................................................

Operating lease right-of-use assets     .................................................................

Deferred costs, non-current   .............................................................................

Goodwill     .........................................................................................................

Intangible assets, net     .......................................................................................

Other assets      .....................................................................................................

28,821 

17,760 

33,091 

34,556 

10,434 

5,005 

29,365 

15,844 

23,421 

— 

1,583 

3,708 

Total assets   ........................................................................................................ $ 

786,759  $ 

707,006 

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WORKIVA INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

As of December 31,

2021

2020

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities

Accounts payable     ......................................................................................... $ 

4,114  $ 

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities     .............................................

Deferred revenue   ..........................................................................................

Convertible senior notes, current   ..................................................................

Finance lease obligations    ..............................................................................

Total current liabilities     ......................................................................................

Convertible senior notes, non-current    .............................................................

Deferred revenue, non-current   ........................................................................

Other long-term liabilities    ...............................................................................

Operating lease liabilities, non-current    ...........................................................

Finance lease obligations, non-current      ...........................................................

84,126 

258,023 

298,661 

1,575 

646,499 

— 

34,181 

1,605 

16,408 

15,087 

2,843 

68,256 

208,990 

— 

1,705 

281,794 

289,490 

35,894 

1,680 

17,209 

16,662 

Total liabilities  ...................................................................................................

713,780 

642,729 

Stockholders’ equity

Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 1,000,000,000 shares 
authorized, 47,293,775 and 40,719,189 shares issued and outstanding at 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively    ....................................................
Class B common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 500,000,000 shares 
authorized, 4,150,583 and 8,069,610 shares issued and outstanding at 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively    ....................................................
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 
no shares issued and outstanding      ....................................................................

47 

4 

— 

Additional paid-in-capital ...............................................................................
Accumulated deficit   .........................................................................................  

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income    ...........................................  

525,646 
(452,430)   

(288)   

Total stockholders’ equity  ..................................................................................  

72,979 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity     ........................................................... $ 

786,759  $ 

41 

8 

— 

478,698 
(414,700) 

230 

64,277 

707,006 

See accompanying notes. 

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WORKIVA INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Revenue

Subscription and support  ........................................................... $ 
Professional services    .................................................................
Total revenue    .................................................................................
Cost of revenue

Subscription and support  ...........................................................
Professional services    .................................................................
Total cost of revenue      .....................................................................
Gross profit   ....................................................................................
Operating expenses

Research and development     .......................................................
Sales and marketing   ..................................................................
General and administrative     .......................................................
Total operating expenses    ...............................................................
Loss from operations  ......................................................................  
Interest income ..........................................................................
Interest expense  .........................................................................
Other income and (expense), net      ...............................................  
Loss before (benefit) provision for income taxes   ...........................  
(Benefit) Provision for income taxes    .........................................  
Net loss   ........................................................................................... $ 
Net loss per common share:

Basic and diluted ....................................................................... $ 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and 
diluted    .......................................................................................

See accompanying notes. 

Year ended December 31,
2020

2021

2019

379,340  $ 
63,945 
443,285 

295,877  $ 
55,717 
351,594 

60,551 
43,282 
103,833 
339,452 

115,735 
178,785 
74,287 
368,807 
(29,355)   
1,041 
(14,015)   
3,229 
(39,100)   
(1,370)   
(37,730)  $ 

49,503 
40,674 
90,177 
261,417 

94,844 
144,687 
59,688 
299,219 
(37,802)   
3,282 
(13,964)   
(205)   
(48,689)   
(291)   
(48,398)  $ 

245,765 
52,126 
297,891 

42,881 
42,131 
85,012 
212,879 

89,921 
120,300 
48,064 
258,285 
(45,406) 
4,657 
(6,027) 
(564) 
(47,340) 
139 
(47,479) 

(0.74)  $ 

(1.00)  $ 

(1.03) 

51,126,510 

48,448,166 

46,302,656 

66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WORKIVA INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)

Year ended December 31,
2020

2021

2019

Net loss   ........................................................................................... $ 

(37,730)  $ 

(48,398)  $ 

(47,479) 

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax 
expense   ........................................................................................
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities, net of 
income tax expense      .....................................................................

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax  ..............................  

266 

(137)   

(784)   

(518)   

80 

(57)   

13 

176 

189 

Comprehensive loss     ........................................................................ $ 

(38,248)  $ 

(48,455)  $ 

(47,290) 

See accompanying notes. 

67

 
 
 
 
WORKIVA INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(in thousands)

Common Stock (Class A and 
B)

Shares

Amount

Additional 
Paid-in-
Capital

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensi
ve Income

Accumulated 
Deficit

Total 
Stockholders' 
Equity 
(Deficit)

Balances at December 31, 2018 .......

44,044  $ 

44  $ 

297,145  $ 

98  $ 

(307,027)  $ 

(9,740) 

Cumulative-effect of change in 
accounting principle    .....................

Stock-based compensation 
expense     .........................................

Issuance of common stock upon 
exercise of stock options   ...............

Issuance of common stock under 
employee stock purchase plan   ......

Issuance of restricted stock units    ..

Tax withholdings related to net 
share settlements of stock-based 
compensation awards    ....................

Equity component of convertible 
senior notes, net  ............................

Net loss     .........................................

Other comprehensive income   .......

— 

— 

1,997 

188 

420 

(10) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

3 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

35,784 

24,149 

4,922 

— 

(390) 

58,560 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

189 

(11,796) 

(11,796) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(47,479) 

— 

35,784 

24,152 

4,922 

— 

(390) 

58,560 

(47,479) 

189 

Balances at December 31, 2019 .......

46,639  $ 

47  $ 

420,170  $ 

287  $ 

(366,302)  $ 

54,202 

Stock-based compensation 
expense     .........................................

Issuance of common stock upon 
exercise of stock options   ...............

Issuance of common stock under 
employee stock purchase plan   ......

Issuance of restricted stock units    ..

Tax withholdings related to net 
share settlements of stock-based 
compensation awards    ....................

Net loss     .........................................

Other comprehensive loss   .............

— 

1,398 

187 

796 

(231) 

— 

— 

— 

2 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

45,771 

19,187 

7,227 

— 

(13,657) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(57) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(48,398) 

— 

45,771 

19,189 

7,227 

— 

(13,657) 

(48,398) 

(57) 

Balances at December 31, 2020 .......

48,789  $ 

49  $ 

478,698  $ 

230  $ 

(414,700)  $ 

64,277 

Stock-based compensation 
expense     .........................................

Issuance of common stock upon 
exercise of stock options   ...............

Issuance of common stock under 
employee stock purchase plan   ......

Issuance of restricted stock units    ..

Tax withholdings related to net 
share settlements of stock-based 
compensation awards    ....................

Net loss     .........................................

Other comprehensive loss   .............

— 

1,141 

149 

1,578 

(213) 

— 

— 

— 

2 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

48,633 

16,598 

8,861 

— 

(27,144) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(518) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(37,730) 

— 

48,633 

16,600 

8,861 

— 

(27,144) 

(37,730) 

(518) 

Balances at December 31, 2021 .......

51,444  $ 

51  $ 

525,646  $ 

(288)  $ 

(452,430)  $ 

72,979 

See accompanying notes.

68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WORKIVA INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities

Net loss   ........................................................................................... $ 
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by 
operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization    ..................................................

Stock-based compensation expense   ..........................................

Recovery of doubtful accounts     .................................................
Amortization of premiums and discounts on marketable 
securities, net   .............................................................................  

Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs      ....................

Gain on settlement of equity securities     .....................................

Deferred income tax    ..................................................................

Changes in assets and liabilities:

Year ended December 31,
2020

2021

2019

(37,730)  $ 

(48,398)  $ 

(47,479) 

5,244 

48,633 

4,296 

45,771 

(125)   

(159)   

3,024 

9,171 

(3,698)   

(1,973)   

668 

8,889 

— 

— 

3,844 

35,784 

(92) 

13 

3,262 

— 

(65) 

Accounts receivable    ................................................................

(7,683)   

(8,028)   

5,166 

Deferred costs    .........................................................................

(19,207)   

(15,953)   

(10,268) 

Operating lease right-of-use asset...........................................

Other receivables   ....................................................................

Prepaid expenses and other     ....................................................

Other assets   .............................................................................

Accounts payable   ....................................................................

Deferred revenue      ....................................................................

4,197 

(391)   

(6,522)   

(1,222)   

972 

47,419 

3,906 

(680)   

(2,492)   

(215)   

(4,106)   

37,479 

Operating lease liability    ..........................................................

(4,934)   

(4,525)   

Accrued expenses and other liabilities    ...................................

Net cash provided by operating activities     ......................................  

14,669 

49,844 

16,790 

33,243 

2,552 

(1,250) 

(2,084) 

(1,860) 

2,153 

32,039 

(3,035) 

12,238 

30,918 

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of property and equipment   .........................................

(3,534)   

(1,873)   

(3,104) 

Purchase of marketable securities    .............................................

(170,070)   

(175,926)   

(112,565) 

Maturities of marketable securities   ...........................................

143,159 

Sale of marketable securities    ....................................................

250 

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired     ............................................

(37,467)   

Purchase of intangible assets      ....................................................

Other investments    .....................................................................

(219)   

(750)   

62,922 

11,423 

— 

(296)   

— 

Net cash used in investing activities    ...............................................  

(68,631)   

(103,750)   

26,840 

498 

— 

(734) 

(1,000) 

(90,065) 

69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WORKIVA INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(in thousands)

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from option exercises      ................................................
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based 
compensation awards    ................................................................
Proceeds from shares issued in connection with employee 
stock purchase plan      ...................................................................
Proceeds from the issuance of convertible senior notes, net of 
issuance costs     ............................................................................

Principal payments on finance lease obligations      ......................

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities   .......................

Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash     .......................................

Year ended December 31,
2020

2021

2019

16,600 

19,189 

24,152 

(27,144)   

(13,657)   

(390) 

8,861 

7,227 

4,922 

— 

(1,705)   

(3,388)   

(270)   

— 

(1,641)   

11,118 

478 

335,899 

(1,565) 

363,018 

287 

304,158 

77,584 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents .....................  

(22,445)   

(58,911)   

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year    ............................

322,831 

381,742 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year      ...................................... $ 

300,386  $ 

322,831  $ 

381,742 

Supplemental cash flow disclosure

Cash paid for interest   ................................................................... $ 

4,837  $ 

Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds    ................................. $ 

(41)  $ 

5,067  $ 

679  $ 

1,340 

371 

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing 
activities

Allowance for tenant improvements   ........................................... $ 

Purchases of property and equipment, accrued but not paid      ....... $ 

—  $ 

350  $ 

149  $ 

263  $ 

270 

144 

See accompanying notes.

70

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WORKIVA INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies 

Organization 

Workiva  Inc.,  a  Delaware  corporation,  and  its  wholly-owned  subsidiaries  (the  “Company”  or 
“we”  or  “us”)  simplifies  complex  work  for  thousands  of  organizations  worldwide.  We  are  a  leading 
provider of cloud-based compliance and regulatory reporting solutions that are designed to solve business 
challenges  at  the  intersection  of  data,  process  and  people.  Our  operational  headquarters  are  located  in 
Ames,  Iowa,  with  additional  offices  located  in  the  United  States,  Europe,  the  Asia-Pacific  region  and 
Canada.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  U.S.  generally 
accepted  accounting  principles  and  include  the  accounts  of  Workiva  Inc.  and  its  wholly  owned 
subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Seasonality  affects  our  revenue,  expenses  and  cash  flows  from  operations.  Revenue  from 
professional services is generally higher in the first quarter as many of our customers file their 10-K in the 
first calendar quarter. Sales and marketing expense is generally higher in the third quarter since we hold 
our  annual  user  conference  in  September.  Our  transition  to  a  virtual  event  in  September  2020  and 
September  2021  has  mostly  mitigated  this  trend.  In  addition,  the  timing  of  cash  bonus  payments  to 
employees during the first and fourth calendar quarters may result in some seasonality in operating cash 
flow.

Segments

Our  chief  operating  decision  maker  reviews  financial  information  presented  on  a  consolidated 
basis  for  purposes  of  allocating  resources  and  evaluating  financial  performance.  There  are  no  segment 
managers who are held accountable by the chief operating decision maker, or anyone else, for operations, 
operating results and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, 
we determined we have one operating and reportable segment. 

Foreign Currency

We  translate  the  financial  statements  of  our  foreign  subsidiaries,  which  have  a  functional 
currency  in  the  respective  country’s  local  currency,  to  U.S.  dollars  using  month-end  exchange  rates  for 
assets and liabilities and average exchange rates for revenue, costs and expenses. Translation gains and 
losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders’ equity 
(deficit). Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions that are denominated in currencies 
other  than  the  entity's  functional  currency  are  included  within  other  (expense)  income,  net  on  the 
consolidated statements of operations. 

71

Use of Estimates 

The  preparation  of  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles 
generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  requires  us  to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the 
amounts  reported  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  accompanying  notes.  We  base  our 
estimates  on  historical  experience  and  various  other  assumptions  believed  to  be  reasonable.  These 
estimates  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  the  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts,  the  determination  of  the 
relative  selling  prices  of  our  services,  the  measurement  of  material  rights,  health  insurance  claims 
incurred but not yet reported, valuation of available-for-sale marketable securities, useful lives of deferred 
contract costs, intangible assets and property and equipment, goodwill, income taxes, discount rates used 
in  the  valuation  of  right-of-use  assets  and  lease  liabilities,  the  fair  value  of  the  liability  and  equity 
components  of  the  convertible  senior  notes,  and  certain  assumptions  used  in  the  valuation  of  equity 
awards.  While  these  estimates  are  based  on  our  best  knowledge  of  current  events  and  actions  that  may 
affect us in the future, actual results may differ materially from these estimates. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash consists of cash on deposit with banks that is stated at cost, which approximates fair value. 
We invest our excess cash primarily in highly liquid money market funds and marketable securities. We 
classify all highly liquid investments with stated maturities of three months or less from date of purchase 
as cash equivalents and all highly liquid investments with stated maturities of greater than three months as 
marketable securities. 

Marketable Securities

Our  marketable  securities  consist  of  commercial  paper,  corporate  debt  securities,  U.S.  treasury 
debt securities and foreign government debt securities. We classify our marketable securities as available-
for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluate such classification as of each balance sheet date. We may 
sell these securities at any time for use in current operations even if they have not yet reached maturity. 
As  a  result,  we  classify  our  investments,  including  securities  with  maturities  beyond  twelve  months  as 
current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Available-for-sale securities are recorded 
at fair value each reporting period. Unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings and recorded 
as  a  separate  component  within  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  on  the  consolidated  balance 
sheets until realized. Dividend income is reported within other (expense) income, net on the consolidated 
statements  of  operations.  We  evaluate  our  investments  to  assess  whether  the  amortized  cost  basis  is  in 
excess of estimated fair value and determine what amount of that difference, if any, is caused by expected 
credit losses. Allowance for credit losses are recognized as a charge in other (expense) income, net on the 
consolidated statements of operations, and any remaining unrealized losses are included in accumulated 
other comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheets. There were no credit losses recorded for 
the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. There was no impairment charge for any unrealized losses 
in  2019.  We  determine  realized  gains  and  losses  on  the  sale  of  marketable  securities  on  the  specific 
identification method and record such gains and losses in other (expense) income, net on the consolidated 
statements of operations. 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial assets, which include cash equivalents and marketable securities, are measured and 
recorded  at  fair  value  on  a  recurring  basis.  Our  other  current  financial  assets  and  our  other  current 
financial  liabilities  have  fair  values  that  approximate  their  carrying  value  due  to  their  short-term 
maturities. 

72

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally 
of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with high 
credit-quality financial institutions. Such deposits may be in excess of federally insured limits. To date, 
we have not experienced any losses on our cash and cash equivalents. We perform periodic evaluations of 
the relative credit standing of the financial institutions.

We  perform  ongoing  credit  evaluations  of  our  customers’  financial  condition  and  require  no 
collateral from our customers. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable based upon the 
expected  collectability  of  accounts  receivable  balances.  We  did  not  have  a  significant  concentration  of 
accounts  receivable  from  any  single  customer  or  from  customers  in  any  single  country  outside  of  the 
United States at December 31, 2021 or 2020.

Deferred Costs

We  pay  sales  commissions  for  initial  contracts  and  expansions  of  existing  contracts  with 
customers. These commissions earned by our sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs 
of  obtaining  a  contract  with  a  customer.  Sales  commissions  paid  where  the  amortization  period  is  one 
year or less are expensed as incurred. All other sales commissions are deferred and then amortized on a 
straight-line basis over a period of benefit that we have determined to be three years. We determined the 
period  of  benefit  by  taking  into  consideration  our  standard  contract  terms  and  conditions,  rate  of 
technological change and other factors. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expense 
in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Property and Equipment, net

Property  and  equipment  is  stated  at  cost,  net  of  accumulated  depreciation  and  amortization. 
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective 
assets, generally three to ten years. We amortize leasehold improvements and assets under finance leases 
over  the  lesser  of  the  term  of  the  lease  including  renewal  options  that  are  reasonably  assured  or  the 
estimated  useful  life  of  the  assets.  Depreciation  and  amortization  expense  related  to  property  and 
equipment  totaled  $4.1  million,  $3.8  million  and  $3.4  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021, 
2020 and 2019, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

We  generate  revenue  through  the  sale  of  subscriptions  to  our  cloud-based  software  and  the 
delivery of professional services. We recognize revenue when control of these services is transferred to 
our  customers  in  an  amount  that  reflects  the  consideration  we  expect  to  be  entitled  to  in  exchange  for 
those services.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

•

•

Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

• Determination of the transaction price

• Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

• Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

We  report  revenue  net  of  sales  and  other  taxes  collected  from  customers  to  be  remitted  to 

government authorities.

73

Subscription and Support Revenue 

We  recognize  subscription  and  support  revenue  on  a  ratable  basis  over  the  contract  term 
beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. Our subscription contracts are 
generally twelve to 36 months in duration, are billed either annually or in advance and are non-cancelable. 
We consider the access to our platform and related support services in a customer contract to be a series 
of  distinct  services  which  comprise  a  single  performance  obligation  because  they  are  substantially  the 
same and have the same pattern of transfer.

Professional Services Revenue and Customer Options

Professional services revenues primarily consist of fees for document set up, XBRL tagging, and 
consulting  with  our  customers  on  business  processes  and  best  practices.  We  have  determined  that  an 
agreement to purchase these professional services constitutes an option to purchase services in accordance 
with  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“FASB”)  Accounting  Standards  Codification  No.  606, 
Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers,  (ASC  606)  rather  than  an  agreement  that  creates  enforceable 
rights and obligations because of the customer's contractual right to cancel services that have not yet been 
used. In the limited case of agreements where we determined that the option provides the customer with a 
material right, we allocate a portion of the transaction price to the material right based upon the relative 
standalone  selling  price.  Professional  service  agreements  that  do  not  contain  a  material  right  are 
accounted  for  when  the  customer  exercises  its  option  to  purchase  additional  services.  Revenue  is 
recognized for document set ups when the service is complete and control has transferred to the customer. 
Revenues from XBRL tagging and consulting services are recognized as the services are performed.

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations 

Some  of  our  contracts  with  customers  contain  multiple  performance  obligations.  For  these 
contracts,  we  account  for  the  individual  performance  obligations  separately  if  they  are  distinct.  The 
transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price 
basis.  We  determine  the  standalone  selling  prices  based  on  our  overall  pricing  objectives,  taking  into 
consideration  market  conditions  and  entity-specific  factors,  including  the  value  of  our  arrangements, 
length of term, customer demographics and the numbers and types of users within our arrangements.

Deferred Revenue

We typically invoice our customers for subscription and support fees annually in advance on one- 
to three-year contract terms. For contracts with a two or three year term, customers sometimes elect to pay 
the entire multi-year subscription term in advance. Unpaid invoice amounts for non-cancelable services 
starting  in  future  periods  are  included  in  accounts  receivable  and  deferred  revenue.  The  portion  of 
deferred  revenue  that  we  anticipate  will  be  recognized  after  the  succeeding  twelve-month  period  is 
recorded  as  non-current  deferred  revenue,  and  the  remaining  portion  is  recorded  as  current  deferred 
revenue.

Customer Deposits

As an agreement to purchase professional services constitutes a customer option, fees received in 
advance of these services being performed are considered customer deposits and are included in accrued 
expenses  and  other  current  liabilities  on  the  consolidated  balance  sheets.  Unpaid  invoice  amounts  for 
these professional services starting in future periods are excluded from accounts receivable and accrued 
expenses and other current liabilities.

74

Cost of Revenue 

Cost  of  revenue  consists  primarily  of  personnel  and  related  costs  directly  associated  with  the 
professional  services  and  customer  success  teams  and  training  personnel,  including  salaries,  benefits, 
bonuses,  and  stock-based  compensation;  the  costs  of  contracted  third-party  vendors;  the  costs  of  server 
usage by our customers; information technology costs; and facility costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, including salaries, 
benefits,  bonuses,  commissions,  travel,  and  stock-based  compensation.  Other  costs  included  in  this 
expense  are  marketing  and  promotional  events,  our  annual  user  conference,  online  marketing,  product 
marketing, information technology costs, and facility costs. 

Advertising  costs  are  charged  to  sales  and  marketing  expense  as  incurred.  Advertising  expense 
totaled  $5.6  million,  $3.8  million  and  $3.4  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021,  2020  and 
2019, respectively.

Research and Development Expenses

Research  and  development  expenses  consist  primarily  of  personnel  and  related  costs,  including 
salaries,  benefits,  bonuses,  and  stock-based  compensation,  costs  of  server  usage  by  our  developers, 
information technology costs, and facility costs. 

General and Administrative Expenses

General  and  administrative  expenses  consist  primarily  of  personnel  and  related  costs  for  our 
executive,  finance,  legal,  human  resources,  and  administrative  personnel,  including  salaries,  benefits, 
bonuses,  and  stock-based  compensation;  legal,  accounting,  and  other  professional  service  fees;  other 
corporate expenses; information technology costs; and facility costs.

Leases 

We  determine  whether  an  arrangement  contains  a  lease  at  inception.  Operating  leases  are 
included  in  operating  lease  right-of-use  (“ROU”)  assets,  other  current  liabilities,  and  operating  lease 
liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, 
finance lease obligations, and finance lease obligations, non-current on our consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities 
represent  our  obligation  to  make  lease  payments  arising  from  the  lease.  Lease  ROU  assets  and  lease 
liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease 
term at the commencement date. Our variable lease payments consist of non-lease services related to the 
lease. Variable lease payments are excluded from the ROU assets and lease liabilities and are recognized 
in  the  period  in  which  the  obligation  for  those  payments  is  incurred.  As  our  leases  do  not  provide  an 
implicit  rate,  we  use  our  incremental  borrowing  rate  based  on  the  information  available  at  the 
commencement  date  in  determining  the  present  value  of  lease  payments.  We  do  not  include  options  to 
extend or terminate the lease term unless it is reasonably certain that we will exercise any such options. 
We  recognize  rent  expense  under  our  operating  leases  on  a  straight-line  basis.  For  finance  leases,  we 
record  interest  expense  on  the  lease  liability  in  addition  to  amortizing  the  right-of-use  asset  (generally 
straight-line) over the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the right-of-use asset. 

We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. We have elected to account for 
these  lease  and  non-lease  components  as  a  single  lease  component.  We  do  not  recognize  right-of-use 
assets  or  lease  liabilities  for  short-term  leases,  which  have  a  lease  term  of  twelve  months  or  less,  and 
instead will recognize lease payments as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

75

Acquisitions

When we acquire a business, the purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities 
assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. During the measurement period, 
which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, adjustments to the fair value of assets acquired 
and liabilities assumed may be recorded, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion 
of  the  measurement  period  or  final  determination  of  the  fair  value  of  assets  acquired  or  liabilities 
assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statement 
of operations. 

Goodwill

Goodwill  represents the  cost in excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business 
combination. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and on an 
interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair 
value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We perform our annual goodwill impairment test as of 
October 1. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we determined there were no events or circumstances 
which indicated that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeded the fair value.

Intangible Assets

Intangible  assets  consist  of  patents  and  intangible  assets  acquired  in  a  business  combination  or 
asset acquisition, primarily technology, customer-related assets, and trade names. Patents are recorded at 
cost to obtain and amortized over the useful lives. Certain patents are in the legal application process and 
therefore  are  not  currently  being  amortized.  Intangible  assets  acquired  in  a  business  combination  or  an 
asset acquisition are recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition and amortized over their estimated 
useful lives. 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived  assets,  such  as  property,  equipment,  right-of-use  assets,  and  intangible  assets  are 
reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount 
of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If circumstances require that a long-lived asset or asset 
group  be  tested  for  possible  impairment,  we  first  compare  the  undiscounted  cash  flows  expected  to  be 
generated  by  that  long-lived  asset  or  asset  group  to  its  carrying  amount.  If  the  carrying  amount  of  the 
long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is 
recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. There were no impairment losses 
related to long-lived assets in any of the periods presented.

Stock-Based Compensation 

We measure all share-based payments, including grants of options to purchase common stock and 
the  issuance  of  restricted  stock  units  to  employees,  service  providers  and  board  members,  using  a  fair-
value based method. We record forfeitures as they occur. The cost of services received from employees 
and  non-employees  in  exchange  for  awards  of  equity  instruments  is  recognized  in  the  consolidated 
statement of operations based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date or reporting 
date, if required to be remeasured, and amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. 
We  use  the  Black-Scholes  option-pricing  model  to  determine  the  fair  values  of  shares  to  be  issued 
pursuant to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). For restricted stock units, fair value is based on 
the closing price of our common stock on the grant date.

76

Income Taxes

We record current income taxes based on our estimates of current taxable income and provide for 
deferred  income  taxes  to  reflect  estimated  future  income  tax  payments  and  receipts.  We  are  subject  to 
federal income taxes as well as state taxes. In addition, we are subject to taxes in the foreign jurisdictions 
where we operate.

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition 
of  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  for  the  expected  future  tax  consequences  of  events  that  have  been 
included in the financial statements. Under this method, we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities 
on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by 
using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of 
a  change  in  tax  rates  on  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  is  recognized  in  income  in  the  period  that 
includes the enactment rate.

We account for the effects of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income in the period incurred. 

 We recognize deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe that these assets are more likely 
than not to be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative 
evidence,  including  future  reversals  of  existing  taxable  temporary  differences,  projected  future  taxable 
income, tax planning strategies and results of recent operations. If we determine that we would be able to 
realize  our  deferred  tax  assets  in  the  future  in  excess  of  their  net  recorded  amount,  we  would  make  an 
adjustment  to  the  deferred  tax  asset  valuation  allowance,  which  would  reduce  the  provision  for  income 
taxes. 

We record uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, on the basis of a 
two-step process in which (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will 
be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet 
the  more-likely-than-not  threshold,  we  recognize  the  largest  amount  of  tax  benefit  that  is  more  than  50 
percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority.

We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits on the (benefit) provision 
for  income taxes  line in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Interest and penalties 
were  not  significant  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021,  2020  and  2019.  Accrued  interest  and 
penalties  are  included  on  the  accrued  expenses  and  other  current  liabilities  line  in  the  consolidated 
balance sheets. 

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 

Accounts  receivable  are  recorded  at  the  invoiced  amount  net  of  an  allowance  for  doubtful 
accounts.  The  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  is  based  on  our  assessment  of  the  collectability  of 
customer  accounts.  We  regularly  review  our  receivables  that  remain  outstanding  past  their  applicable 
payment  terms  and  established  an  allowance  for  potential  write-offs  by  considering  factors  such  as 
historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and current and forecasted 
economic  conditions  that  may  affect  a  customer’s  ability  to  pay.  Accounts  receivable  deemed 
uncollectible are charged against the allowance once collection efforts have been exhausted.

77

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In  December  2019,  the  FASB  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  (“ASU”)  2019-12,  Income 
Taxes  (Topic  740):  Simplifying  the  Accounting  for  Income  Taxes,  which  was  issued  to  simplify  the 
accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes, performing 
intraperiod  allocation,  and  calculating  income  taxes  in  interim  periods.  Further,  ASU  2019-12  adds 
guidance  to  reduce  complexity  in  certain  areas,  including  recognizing  deferred  taxes  for  tax  basis 
goodwill  and  allocating  taxes  to  members  of  a  consolidated  group.  The  standard  became  effective  for 
interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Effective 
January  1,  2021,  we  adopted  this  standard.  The  adoption  of  this  new  standard  did  not  have  a  material 
impact on our consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In  October  2021,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2021-08,  Business  Combinations  (Topic  805): 
Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which amends 
the  accounting  related  to  contract  assets  and  liabilities  acquired  in  business  combinations.  This  ASU 
requires that entities recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business 
combination  in  accordance  with  ASC  606,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers.  This  update  is 
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We intend to adopt this standard on January 
1,  2022  and  do  not  expect  the  adoption  of  this  update  to  have  a  material  impact  on  our  consolidated 
financial statements.

In  August  2020,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2020-06,  Accounting  for  Convertible  Instruments  and 
Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity. Under ASU 2020-06, embedded conversion features are no longer 
separated from the host contract for convertible instruments with conversion features that are not required 
to  be  accounted  for  as  derivatives  under  Topic  815,  or  that  do  not  result  in  substantial  premiums 
accounted  for  as  paid-in  capital.  The  convertible  debt  instruments  will  be  accounted  for  as  a  single 
liability  measured  at  amortized  cost.  This  will  also  result  in  the  interest  expense  recognized  for 
convertible debt instruments to be closer to the coupon interest rate. The new guidance also requires the 
if-converted method to be applied for all convertible instruments when calculating earnings per share. The 
new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021 and can be 
adopted on either a modified retrospective or full retrospective basis.

We  will  adopt  this  standard  on  January  1,  2022  using  the  modified  retrospective  method. 
Adoption of the new standard is expected to result in a decrease to accumulated deficit of approximately 
$18  million,  a  decrease  to  additional  paid-in  capital  of  approximately  $58  million,  and  an  increase  to 
convertible senior notes, current of approximately $40 million on the consolidated balance sheet.

2. Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

At December 31, 2021, cash equivalents and marketable securities consisted of the following (in 

thousands):

78

Amortized 
Cost

Unrealized 
Gains

Unrealized 
Losses

Aggregate 
Fair Value

Money market funds     ................................................. $ 

259,754  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

259,754 

Commercial paper      ....................................................

U.S. treasury debt securities   .....................................

Corporate debt securities   ..........................................

Foreign government debt securities ..........................

10,479 

54,809 

161,792 

5,014 

Included in cash and cash equivalents     ...................... $ 

261,254  $ 

Included in marketable securities  ............................. $ 

230,594  $ 

$ 

491,848  $ 

— 

2 

3 

1 

6  $ 

—  $ 

6  $ 

— 

(206)   

(334)   

— 

10,479 

54,605 

161,461 

5,015 

(540)  $ 

491,314 

—  $ 

261,254 

(540)  $ 

230,060 

At December 31, 2020, cash equivalents and marketable securities consisted of the following (in 

thousands):

Amortized 
Cost

Unrealized 
Gains

Unrealized 
Losses

Aggregate 
Fair Value

Money market funds     ................................................. $ 

265,578  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

265,578 

Commercial paper      ....................................................

U.S. treasury debt securities   .....................................

Corporate debt securities   ..........................................

Foreign government debt securities ..........................

21,489 

51,731 

147,715 

1,025 

Included in cash and cash equivalents     ...................... $ 

280,578  $ 

Included in marketable securities  ............................. $ 

206,960  $ 

$ 

487,538  $ 

— 

80 

214 

2 

296  $ 

—  $ 

296  $ 

— 

(2)   

(47)   

— 

21,489 

51,809 

147,882 

1,027 

(49)  $ 

487,785 

—  $ 

280,578 

(49)  $ 

207,207 

The contractual maturities of the investments classified as marketable securities are as follows (in 

thousands):

Due within one year      ................................................................................................ $ 

Due in one to two years     ..........................................................................................

Due in three to five years      ........................................................................................

$ 

138,637 

91,423 

— 

230,060 

As of December 31, 2021

The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair values for those cash equivalents and 
marketable  securities  that  were  in  an  unrealized  loss  position  as  of  December  31,  2021,  aggregated  by 
investment  category  and  the  length  of  time  that  individual  securities  have  been  in  a  continuous  loss 
position (in thousands): 

As of December 31, 2021

Less than 12 months

12 months or greater

Fair Value

Unrealized 
Loss

Fair Value

Unrealized 
Loss

U.S. treasury debt securities   ..................................... $ 

46,553  $ 

Corporate debt securities   ..........................................

156,588 

Total  .......................................................................... $ 

203,141  $ 

(206)  $ 

(334)   

(540)  $ 

—  $ 

— 

—  $ 

— 

— 

— 

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We  do  not  believe  the  unrealized  losses  represent  credit  losses  based  on  our  evaluation  of 
available evidence as of December 31, 2021, which includes an assessment of whether it is more likely 
than  not  we  will  be  required  to  sell  the  investment  before  recovery  of  the  investment’s  amortized  cost 
basis. 

3. Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet Information

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 consisted of (in thousands):

Building under finance lease     ............................................................................. $ 
Computers, equipment and software    .................................................................
Furniture and fixtures     ........................................................................................
Vehicles  .............................................................................................................
Leasehold improvements  ...................................................................................

Construction in process   .....................................................................................

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization     ............................................

$ 

As of December 31,

2021

2020

21,574  $ 
10,495 
8,373 
97 
7,907 

361 
48,807 
(19,986)   
28,821  $ 

21,574 
7,995 
8,284 
97 
7,755 

93 
45,798 
(16,433) 
29,365 

Accumulated  amortization  related  to  finance  leases  was  $2.7  million  and  $1.8  million  as  of 

December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 consisted of (in 

thousands):

As of December 31,

2021

2020

Accrued vacation  ............................................................................................... $ 
Accrued commissions     ........................................................................................
Accrued bonuses   ................................................................................................
Accrued payroll     .................................................................................................
Estimated health insurance claims .....................................................................
Accrued interest   .................................................................................................
ESPP employee contributions      ...........................................................................
Customer deposits       .............................................................................................
Operating lease liabilities    ..................................................................................
Accrued other liabilities     ....................................................................................

$ 

11,221  $ 
11,122 
8,292 
4,494 
1,814 
1,455 
5,349 
26,517 
6,008 
7,854 
84,126  $ 

10,294 
12,678 
6,573 
2,631 
1,224 
1,455 
4,269 
18,283 
4,541 
6,308 
68,256 

4. Fair Value Measurements 

We determine the fair values of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which 
requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs 

80

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
when  measuring  fair  value.  Fair  value  is  defined  as  the  price  that  would  be  received  to  sell  an  asset  or 
paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. 
The fair value assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal 
or  most  advantageous  market  for  the  asset  or  liability  and  establishes  that  the  fair  value  of  an  asset  or 
liability shall be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the 
asset or liability. The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is based upon the 
lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the 
inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value: 

Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

Level 2 - Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that 
are  observable  for  the  asset  or  liability,  either  directly  or  indirectly  through  market 
corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. 

Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs based on our assumptions. 

Financial Assets

Cash  equivalents  primarily  consist  of  AAA-rated  money  market  funds  with  overnight  liquidity 
and no stated maturities. We classified cash equivalents as Level 1 due to the short-term nature of these 
instruments and measured the fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. 

When available, our marketable securities are valued using quoted prices for identical instruments 
in  active  markets.  If  we  are  unable  to  value  our  marketable  securities  using  quoted  prices  for  identical 
instruments in active markets, we value our investments using broker reports that utilize quoted market 
prices for comparable instruments. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, all of our marketable securities 
were valued using quoted prices for comparable instruments in active markets and are classified as Level 
2.

Based on our valuation of our money market funds and marketable securities, we concluded that 
they are classified in either Level 1 or Level 2. The following table presents information about our assets 
that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements as 
of December 31, 2021
Level 1

Fair Value Measurements as 
of December 31, 2020
Level 1

Total

Description
Level 2
Money market funds    ........................................... $ 259,754  $ 259,754  $  —  $ 265,578  $ 265,578  $  — 
  21,489 
Commercial paper      ...............................................
  10,479 
  51,809 
U.S. treasury debt securities   ................................
  54,605 
 147,882 
Corporate debt securities   .....................................
 161,461 
  5,015 
Foreign government debt securities     ....................
  1,027 
$ 491,314  $ 259,754  $ 231,560  $ 487,785  $ 265,578  $ 222,207 

  21,489 
  51,809 
 147,882 
  1,027 

  10,479 
  54,605 
 161,461 
  5,015 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 

Level 2

Total

Included in cash and cash equivalents    ................ $ 261,254 

Included in marketable securities   ........................ $ 230,060 

$ 280,578 

$ 207,207 

We  completed  acquisitions  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021.  The  values  of  the  net 
assets acquired and any resulting goodwill were recorded at fair value using Level 3 inputs. The majority 
of the related current assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their carrying values as of 
the  date  of  acquisition,  as  their  carrying  values  approximated  their  fair  values  due  to  their  short-term 
nature.  The  fair  values  of  goodwill  and  definite-lived  intangible  assets  acquired  in  the  acquisition  was 
externally estimated primarily based on the income approach. The income approach estimates fair value 

81

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
based  on  the  present  value  of  the  cash  flows  that  the  assets  are  expected  to  generate  in  the  future.  We 
developed  internal  estimates  for  the  expected  cash  flows  and  discount  rates  used  in  the  present  value 
calculations.

Convertible Senior Notes

As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of our convertible senior notes was $614.7 million. The 
fair value was determined based on the quoted price of the convertible senior notes in an over-the-counter 
market on the last trading day of the reporting period and has been classified as Level 2 in the fair value 
hierarchy. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

5. Deferred Costs

Deferred  costs,  which  primarily  consist  of  costs  to  obtain  contracts  with  customers,  were 
$64.2  million  and  $45.3  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021  and  2020,  respectively. 
Amortization  expense  for  the  deferred  costs  was  $34.1  million  and  $21.0  million  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There were no material impairment losses in relation to the 
costs capitalized for the periods presented.

6. Commitments and Contingencies 

Purchase Commitments

We enter into certain non-cancelable agreements with third-party providers for our use of cloud 
services and cloud infrastructure services in the ordinary course of business. Under these agreements, we 
are  committed  to  purchase  $13.7  million  in  fiscal  year  2022,  $13.5  million  in  fiscal  year  2023,  and 
$11.1 million in fiscal year 2024.

Litigation

From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising 
in the ordinary course of our business. We evaluate the development of legal matters on a regular basis 
and  accrue  a  liability  when  we  believe  a  loss  is  probable  and  the  amount  can  be  reasonably  estimated. 
Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that 
the  final  outcome  of  any  currently  pending  legal  proceedings  to  which  we  are  a  party  will  not  have  a 
material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. Regardless of 
the  outcome,  litigation  can  have  an  adverse  impact  on  us  because  of  defense  and  settlement  costs, 
diversion of management resources and other factors.

7. Leases

We  lease  certain  office  space,  residential  space,  buildings  and  land  with  various  lease  terms 
through June 2043. Certain office leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that 
can extend the lease term from 1 to 5 years. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion 
and are assessed whether to factor as part of the lease term at lease inception. Our leases generally require 
us  to  pay  a  proportionate  share  of  real  estate  taxes,  insurance,  common  area  maintenance,  and  other 
operating costs in addition to a base or fixed rent. 

The components of lease expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations were as 

follows (in thousands):

82

Operating lease cost   ..................................................... $ 

4,750  $ 

4,475  $ 

3,544 

Year ended December 31,
2020

2019

2021

Finance lease cost:

Amortization of right-of-use assets   .........................

Interest on lease obligations   ....................................

Short-term lease cost ....................................................

Variable lease cost     .......................................................

880 

956 

1,667 

1,163 

922 

1,197 

1,727 

1,214 

$ 

9,416  $ 

9,535  $ 

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,
2020

2019

2021

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement 
of lease liabilities:

Operating cash flows from operating leases     ........... $ 

Finance cash flows from finance leases    ..................

6,028  $ 

1,705 

5,350  $ 

1,641 

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease 
obligations:

Operating leases    ...................................................... $ 

6,299  $ 

4,121  $ 

Finance leases     .........................................................

— 

— 

Other supplemental information related to leases was as follows:

2021

As of December 31,
2020

2019

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)

Operating leases    ......................................................

Finance leases     .........................................................

Weighted Average Discount Rate

Operating leases    ......................................................

Finance leases     .........................................................

5.7

21.4

 4.9 %

 5.5 %

6.5

22.4

 5.5 %

 5.5 %

926 

1,306 

1,324 

923 

8,023 

4,018 

1,565 

2,207 

— 

7.6

23.4

 5.7 %

 6.0 %

83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2021, the aggregate annual lease obligations were as follows (in thousands):

Operating 
Leases

Finance Leases

2022   ................................................................................................................... $ 

6,946  $ 

2023   ...................................................................................................................

2024   ...................................................................................................................

2025   ...................................................................................................................

2026   ...................................................................................................................

Thereafter  ...........................................................................................................

Total lease obligations     .......................................................................................

Less: Amount representing interest     ...................................................................

Net lease obligations   .......................................................................................... $ 

5,561 

4,247 

2,572 

1,536 

5,439 

26,301 

(3,885)   

22,416  $ 

2,436 

1,315 

1,315 

1,315 

1,315 

18,661 

26,357 

(9,695) 

16,662 

8. Debt

Convertible Senior Notes

In  August  2019,  we  issued  $345.0  million  aggregate  principal  amount  of  1.125%  convertible 
senior notes due 2026 in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under 
the  Securities  Act  of  1933,  as  amended,  including  the  exercise  in  full  by  the  initial  purchasers  of  their 
option  to  purchase  an  additional  $45.0  million  principal  amount  (the  “Notes”).  The  Notes  were  issued 
pursuant to an indenture and are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company. The Notes bear interest at 
a fixed rate of 1.125% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each 
year, commencing on February 15, 2020. Proceeds from the issuance of the Notes totaled $335.9 million, 
net of initial purchaser discounts and issuance costs.

The initial conversion rate is 12.4756 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 
Notes,  which  is  equivalent  to  an  initial  conversion  price  of  approximately  $80.16  per  share,  subject  to 
adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. 

Holders of the Notes may convert all or a portion of their Notes prior to the close of business on 

May 15, 2026, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, only under the following circumstances:

•

•

•

during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 
2019  (and  only  during  such  calendar  quarter),  if  the  last  reported  sale  price  of  our  Class  A 
common stock, par value $0.001 per share (which we refer to in this offering memorandum as 
our  “Class  A  common  stock”),  for  at  least  20  trading  days  (whether  or  not  consecutive) 
during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day 
of  the  immediately  preceding  calendar  quarter  is  greater  than  or  equal  to  130%  of  the 
conversion price on each applicable trading day;

during  the  five  consecutive  business  day  period  immediately  following  any ten  consecutive 
trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined below) 
per  $1,000  principal  amount  of  Notes  for  each  trading  day  of  the  measurement  period  was 
less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock and 
the conversion rate on each such trading day;

if we call any or all of the Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on 
the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or

84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•

upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events as set forth in the indenture.

On or after May 16, 2026, holders of the Notes may convert their Notes at any time until the close 

of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of the Notes. 

Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our Class A common 
stock or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election, in the manner 
and  subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  provided  in  the  indenture.  It  is  our  current  intent  to  settle 
conversions  through  a  combination  settlement  of  cash  and  shares  of  our  Class  A  common  stock  with  a 
specified dollar amount per $1,000 principal amount of Notes of $1,000.

If  we  undergo  a  fundamental  change  (as  defined  in  the  indenture),  holders  may  require  us  to 
repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 
100%  of  the  principal  amount  of  the  Notes  to  be  repurchased,  plus  accrued  and  unpaid  interest  to,  but 
excluding,  the  fundamental  change  repurchase  date.  In  addition,  following  certain  corporate  events  that 
occur  prior  to  the  maturity  date  or  if  we  deliver  a  notice  of  redemption,  we  will  increase,  in  certain 
circumstances, the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Notes in connection with such 
corporate event or notice of redemption, as the case may be. 

The  Company  may  redeem  for  cash  all  or  any  portion  of  the  Notes,  at  its  option,  on  or  after 
August 21, 2023, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of 
the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 
consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, 
the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a 
redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus any accrued 
and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

In  accounting  for  the  issuance  of  the  Notes,  we  separated  the  Notes  into  liability  and  equity 
components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value 
of similar debt instruments that do not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the 
equity component, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the 
liability components from the par value of the Notes. The difference represents the debt discount that is 
amortized to interest expense at an effective interest rate of 4.3% over the term of the Notes. The carrying 
amount  of  the  equity  component  was  $60.1  million  and  is  recorded  in  additional  paid-in-capital.  The 
equity  component  is  not  remeasured  as  long  as  it  continues  to  meet  the  conditions  for  equity 
classification.

In accounting for the issuance costs related to the Notes, we allocated the total amount incurred to 
the liability and equity components of the Notes based on the proportion of the proceeds allocated to the 
debt and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were $7.5 million. The 
issuance costs allocated to the liability component are amortized to interest expense under the effective 
interest  rate  method  over  the  contractual  term  of  the  Notes.  Issuance  costs  attributable  to  the  equity 
component of the Notes were $1.6 million and are netted against the equity components representing the 
conversion option in additional paid-in capital.

During  the  third  and  fourth  quarters  of  2021  one  of  the  conversion  conditions  was  met  and  the 
Notes are convertible at the option of the holders through March 31, 2022. Specifically, the last reported 
sale price of our Class A common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price of the Notes for more 
than 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ended September 30, 2021 and December 31, 
2021.  As  a  result,  the  Notes  are  classified  as  current  liabilities  on  the  condensed  consolidated  balance 
sheet as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, and through the date of this filing, we have not 
received any conversion requests for the Notes.

85

As of December 31, 2021 the if-converted value of the Notes exceeded the principal amount by 

$216.6 million.

As of December 31, 2021, the remaining life of the Notes is approximately 4.8 years.

The net carrying amount of the liability and equity components of the Notes was as follows (in 

thousands):

Liability component:

As of December 31,

2021

2020

Principal   .......................................................................................................... $ 

345,000  $ 

Unamortized discount    .....................................................................................

(41,193)

Unamortized issuance costs    ............................................................................

(5,146)   

345,000 

(49,346)

(6,164) 

Net carrying amount   .......................................................................................... $ 

298,661  $ 

289,490 

Equity component, net of purchase discounts and issuance costs     ..................... $ 

58,560  $ 

58,560 

Interest expense related to the Notes is as follows (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

Contractual interest expense   ................................................. $ 

3,881  $ 

3,880  $ 

Amortization of debt discount  ...............................................

Amortization of issuance costs     .............................................

8,153 

1,018 

7,901 

988 

Total interest expense  ............................................................ $ 

13,052  $ 

12,769  $ 

1,444 

2,900 

362 

4,706 

9. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

We have two classes of authorized common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common 
stock.  The  rights  of  the  holders  of  our  Class  A  common  stock  and  our  Class  B  common  stock  are 
identical,  except  with  respect  to  voting  and  conversion.  Each  share  of  our  Class  A  common  stock  is 
entitled to one vote per share and is not convertible into any other shares of our capital stock. Each share 
of our Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible into one share of our 
Class  A  common  stock  at  any  time.  Our  Class  B  common  stock  also  will  automatically  convert  into 
shares of our Class A common stock upon certain transfers and other events. 

10. Stock-Based Compensation 

We grant stock-based incentive awards to attract, motivate and retain qualified employees, non-
employee directors and consultants, and to align their financial interests with those of our stockholders. 
We  utilize  stock-based  compensation  in  the  form  of  restricted  stock  units,  options  to  purchase  Class  A 
common stock and ESPP purchase rights. Prior to our corporate conversion in December 2014, awards 
were  provided  under  the  2009  Unit  Incentive  Plan  (“the  2009  Plan”).  The  2009  Plan  was  amended  to 
provide  that  no  further  awards  will  be  issued  thereunder,  and  our  board  of  directors  and  stockholders 
adopted and approved our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“the 2014 Plan” and, together with the 2009 Plan, 
“the Plans”). 

86

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As  of  December  31,  2021,  awards  granted  under  the  2009  Plan  consisted  of  stock  options  and 
awards granted under the 2014 Plan consisted of stock options and restricted stock units. There were no 
other  grants  of  any  other  award  types  under  the  Plans.  As  of  December  31,  2021,  1,180,086  shares  of 
Class A common stock were available for grant under the 2014 Plan. 

Our ESPP became effective on June 13, 2017. Under the ESPP, eligible employees are granted 
options to purchase shares of Class A common stock at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the 
stock  at  the  time  of  grant  or  85%  of  the  fair  market  value  at  the  time  of  exercise.  Options  to  purchase 
shares are granted twice yearly on or about July 15 and January 15 and are exercisable on or about the 
succeeding  January  14  and  July  14,  respectively,  of  each  year.  As  of  December  31,  2021,  4,296,514 
shares  of  Class  A  common  stock  were  available  for  issuance  under  the  ESPP.  No  participant  may 
purchase more than $12,500 worth of Class A common stock in a six-month offering period. 

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based  compensation  expense  was  recorded  in  the  following  cost  and  expense  categories 

consistent with the respective employee or service provider’s related cash compensation (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

Cost of revenue

Subscription and support  ......................................... $ 

Professional services    ...............................................

2,868  $ 

1,729 

1,709  $ 

1,434 

Operating expenses

Research and development     .....................................

Sales and marketing   ................................................

General and administrative     .....................................

9,590 

13,901 

20,545 

8,100 

11,062 

23,466 

Total  ................................................................... $ 

48,633  $ 

45,771  $ 

1,554 

1,725 

8,006 

8,792 

15,707 

35,784 

87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Options

The  following  table  summarizes  the  option  activity  under  the  Plans  for  the  year  ended 

December 31, 2021:

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price

Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)

Options

Aggregate 
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)

Outstanding at December 31, 2020      ...

2,903,167  $ 

Granted     ..............................................

— 

Forfeited  .............................................

(6,895)   

Exercised     ...........................................

(1,141,092)   

Outstanding at December 31, 2021      ...

1,755,180  $ 

14.48 

— 

19.29 

14.55 

14.42 

4.7 $ 

223,941 

4.0 $ 

203,720 

Exercisable at December 31, 2021  ....

1,755,180  $ 

14.42 

4.0 $ 

203,720 

Options to purchase Class A common stock generally vest over a three- or four-year period and 
are  generally  granted  for  a  term  of  ten  years.  The  total  intrinsic  value  of  options  exercised  during  the 
years  ended  December  31,  2021,  2020  and  2019  was  $123.4  million,  $55.8  million  and  $75.6  million, 
respectively. 

No options were granted during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. The total 
fair  value  of  options  vested  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021,  2020  and  2019  was 
approximately $0.9 million, $3.5 million and $5.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 there 
was no unrecognized compensation expense related to options.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted  stock  units  granted  to  employees  generally  vest  over  a  three-  or  four-year  period  in 
equal, annual installments or with three-year cliff vesting. Restricted stock units granted to non-employee 
members  of  our  Board  of  Directors  generally  have  one-year  cliff  vesting  from  the  date  of  grant.  The 
recipient of a restricted stock unit award under the 2014 Plan will have no rights as a stockholder until 
share certificates are issued by us, but, at the discretion of our Compensation Committee, has the right to 
receive a dividend equivalent payment in the form of additional restricted stock units. Additionally, until 
the  shares  are  issued,  they  have  no  voting  rights  and  may  not  be  bought  or  sold.  The  fair  value  for 
restricted stock unit awards is calculated based on the stock price on the date of grant. The total fair value 
of  restricted  stock  units  vested  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021,  2020,  and  2019  was 
approximately $54.9 million, $27.7 million, and $8.8 million, respectively.

88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity under the Plan for the year ended 

December 31, 2021:

Number of Shares

Weighted-Average 
Grant Date Fair 
Value

Unvested at December 31, 2020    ............................................................

2,904,616  $ 

Granted     ..................................................................................................

Forfeited      ................................................................................................
Vested(1)

     .................................................................................................

916,634 

(218,852)   

(1,710,699)   

Unvested at December 31, 2021    ............................................................

1,891,699  $ 

35.72 

109.64 

64.36 

31.89 

73.04 

(1)  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  in  accordance  with  our  Nonqualified  Deferred 
Compensation Plan, recipients of 402,832 shares had elected to defer settlement of the vested restricted stock units 
and 270,567 were released from deferral. This resulted in total deferred units of 695,869 as of December 31, 2021. 

Compensation expense associated with unvested restricted stock units is recognized on a straight-
line basis over the vesting period. At December 31, 2021, there was approximately $100.6 million of total 
unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized 
over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The fair value of each option grant issued under the ESPP is estimated on the date of grant using 
the  Black-Scholes  option-pricing  model.  Expected  volatility  is  based  on  the  historical  volatility  of  our 
Class A common stock, and the expected term represents the period of time the ESPP purchase rights are 
expected to be outstanding and approximates the offering period. The risk-free interest rate is based on 
yields on U.S. Treasury STRIPS (“Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities”) 
with a maturity similar to the estimated expected term of the ESPP purchase rights. 

The fair value of our ESPP purchase rights was estimated assuming no expected dividends and 

the following weighted-average assumptions:

ESPP

Expected term (in years)    ..............................................
Risk-free interest rate     ...................................................

Year ended December 31,
2020

2019

0.5
0.2% - 1.5%

0.5
1.9% - 2.6%

2021

0.5
0.1%

Expected volatility .......................................................

41.8% - 45.0%

40.6% - 61.0%

35.0% - 49.0%

The  following  table  summarizes  the  ESPP  activity  under  the  Plan  for  the  years  ended 

December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:

For the year ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

Shares issued     ....................................

Weighted-average purchase price    .... $ 

Total proceeds (in thousands)      .......... $ 

148,864 

59.52  $ 

8,861  $ 

186,855 

38.68  $ 

7,227  $ 

188,390 

26.13 

4,922 

89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation  expense  associated  with  ESPP  purchase  rights  is  recognized  on  a  straight-line 
basis  over  the  vesting  period.  At  December  31,  2021,  there  was  approximately  $129,438  of  total 
unrecognized  compensation  expense  related  to  the  ESPP,  which  is  expected  to  be  recognized  over  a 
weighted-average period of 14 days.

11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table summarizes the activity of accumulated other comprehensive income during 

the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

Accumulated 
translation 
adjustment

Accumulated 
unrealized holding 
gains (losses) on 
available-for-sale 
securities

Accumulated other 
comprehensive 
income (loss)

Balance at December 31, 2018     ........ $ 

Other comprehensive income     ..........

Balance at December 31, 2019     ........

Other comprehensive (loss) income    

Balance at December 31, 2020     ........

Other comprehensive income (loss)    

Balance at December 31, 2021     ........ $ 

165  $ 

13 

178 

(137)   

41 

266 

307  $ 

(67)  $ 

176 

109 

80 

189 

(784)   

(595)  $ 

98 

189 

287 

(57) 

230 

(518) 

(288) 

12. Acquisitions

Mark V Systems Limited

On December 29, 2021, we acquired all of the stock in Mark V Systems Limited, the author of 
the  only  open  source  eXtensible  Business  Reporting  Language  validation  engine,  which  ensures  the 
continued  accessibility  of  the  open  source  validation  engine.  The  acquisition  was  not  material  to  the 
consolidated financial statements.

AuditNet, LLC

On December 10, 2021, we acquired all of the membership interests in AuditNet, LLC, a global 
audit  content  and  services  provider,  which  strengthens  Workiva’s  risk  and  assurance  offerings.  The 
acquisition was not material to the consolidated financial statements.

OneCloud, Inc.

On  July  30,  2021,  we  acquired  all  of  the  equity  interest  in  OneCloud,  Inc.  (“OneCloud”),  an 
integration  platform  as  a  service  (“iPaaS”)  company,  in  order  to  extend  our  integration  and  data 
preparation capabilities, for $35.1 million, net of cash acquired of $1.5 million.

We  previously  held  an  investment  in  OneCloud  which  was  accounted  for  as  an  investment  in 
equity securities. Prior to performing purchase accounting we remeasured the previous ownership interest 
to  fair  value,  increasing  the  value  to  $4.7  million,  which  resulted  in  a  gain  of  $3.7  million  recorded  in 
other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

90

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The transaction has been accounted for as a business combination and the purchase price has been 
preliminarily allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at 
the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was 
allocated to goodwill. The goodwill recognized was primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and 
strategic benefits that are expected to be achieved and is not deductible for income tax purposes.

The following table presents a preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired 

and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition (in thousands):

Cash consideration      .................................................................................................. $ 

Previously held equity interest  ................................................................................

Total consideration  ............................................................................................... $ 

Cash ......................................................................................................................... $ 

Intangible assets      ......................................................................................................

Goodwill   .................................................................................................................

Other assets  .............................................................................................................

Deferred revenue   .....................................................................................................

Deferred tax liability     ...............................................................................................

Other liabilities  ........................................................................................................

Fair value of assets and liabilities    ......................................................................... $ 

36,564 

4,698 

41,262 

1,497 

7,000 

34,556 

548 

(900) 

(1,265) 

(174) 

41,262 

We incurred costs related to the acquisition of approximately $0.4 million during the year ended 
December 31, 2021. All acquisition related costs were expensed as incurred and have been recorded in 
general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The amount of revenues and net loss from the acquisition included in our consolidated statements 

of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 were insignificant.

13. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows (in thousands):

December 31, 2020   ................................................................................................. $ 

Acquisition and purchase accounting adjustment     ................................................

December 31, 2021   ................................................................................................. $ 

— 

34,556 

34,556 

91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intangible Assets  

The following table presents the components of net intangible assets (in thousands):

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Gross 
Carrying 
Amount

Accumulated 
Amortization

Net 
Carrying 
Amount

Gross 
Carrying 
Amount

Accumulated 
Amortization

Net 
Carrying 
Amount

Weighted 
Average 
Useful  
Life 
(Years)

$ 

7,920  $ 

(701)  $ 

7,219  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

Acquired technology  ..

Acquired customer-
related   .........................

Acquired trade names   

Patents    ........................

Total    ........................

4

8.7

2

10

5.2

360 

1,478 

2,740 

(14)   

(21)   

(1,328)   

346 

1,457 

1,412 

— 

— 

2,538 

$ 

12,498  $ 

(2,064)  $ 

10,434  $ 

2,538  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(955)   

(955)  $ 

1,583 

1,583 

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $1.1 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million 
for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, expected 
remaining amortization expense of intangible assets by fiscal year is as follows (in thousands):

2022      ........................................................................................................................ $ 

2023      ........................................................................................................................

2024      ........................................................................................................................

2025      ........................................................................................................................

2026      ........................................................................................................................

Thereafter     ................................................................................................................

Total expected amortization expense    ................................................................... $ 

3,074 

2,962 

2,201 

1,473 

163 

561 

10,434 

14. Geographic Information

Revenues by geographical region consisted of the following (in thousands):

For the year ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

Subscription and support revenue

Americas     .................................................... $ 

342,673  $ 

273,574  $ 

Other     ..........................................................

Professional services revenue

Americas     ....................................................

Other     ..........................................................

36,666 

58,312 

5,634 

22,303 

51,142 

4,575 

$ 

443,285  $ 

351,594  $ 

233,653 

12,112 

49,323 

2,803 

297,891 

Revenues  by  geography  are  generally  based  on  the  country  of  the  customer  as  specified  in  our 
subscription order. Total Americas revenue attributed to the United States was approximately 93%, 94%, 
and  95%  during  each  of  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021,  2020,  and  2019,  respectively.  No  other 
country represented more than 10% of total revenue during the years presented. 

92

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our  long-lived  assets,  which  primarily  consist  of  property  and  equipment  and  operating  lease 
right-of-use  assets,  are  attributed  to  a  country  based  on  the  physical  location  of  the  assets.  Aggregate 
long-lived assets by geographical region consisted of the following (in thousands):

For the year ended December 31,

2021

2020

United States  ........................................................................................ $ 

40,585  $ 

United Kingdom  ..................................................................................

Other    ....................................................................................................

4,437 

1,559 

$ 

46,581  $ 

15. Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by industry (in thousands):

Information technology    ................................ $ 

47,697  $ 

34,878  $ 

For the year ended December 31,
2020

2019

2021

Diversified financials     ...................................

Consumer discretionary    ...............................

Industrials   .....................................................

Healthcare    ....................................................

Banks    ............................................................

Insurance    ......................................................

Energy    ..........................................................

Real estate    ....................................................

Utilities    .........................................................

Materials   .......................................................

Public administration    ...................................

Consumer staples       .........................................

Other  .............................................................

57,470 

41,826 

59,797 

39,394 

46,702 

27,206 

21,093 

21,042 

21,319 

19,357 

13,719 

13,146 

13,517 

44,326 

34,029 

46,764 

30,676 

39,630 

21,993 

18,380 

18,070 

13,561 

16,321 

11,433 

10,683 

10,850 

42,422 

69 

2,718 

45,209 

30,798 

34,614 

29,147 

39,210 

24,764 

33,573 

18,047 

18,113 

16,572 

12,231 

14,761 

6,974 

9,570 

9,517 

Total revenues   ............................................ $ 

443,285  $ 

351,594  $ 

297,891 

Revenues by industry are derived from leading software providers. In 2021 we refined our policy 
surrounding customer industry categorization and accordingly the prior year amounts have been updated 
to reflect these refinements.

The  following  table  presents  our  revenues  disaggregated  by  type  of  good  or  service  (in 

thousands):

93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

Subscription and support     .............................. $ 

379,340  $ 

295,877  $ 

XBRL professional services  .........................

Other services    ...............................................

44,763 

19,182 

38,032 

17,685 

Total revenues   ............................................ $ 

443,285  $ 

351,594  $ 

245,765 

38,734 

13,392 

297,891 

Deferred Revenue

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  we  recognized  $239.3  million  of  revenue  that  was 

included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period. 

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

As of December 31, 2021, revenue of approximately $576.2 million is expected to be recognized 
from  remaining  performance  obligations  for  subscription  contracts.  We  expect 
to  recognize 
approximately $336.0 million of these remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, with 
the balance recognized thereafter.

94

 
 
 
 
 
 
16. Income Taxes 

Loss before income tax provision (benefit) consisted of the following (in thousands):

For the year ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

United States    ................................................ $ 

(41,567)  $ 

(50,193)  $ 

Foreign      .........................................................

2,467 

1,504 

Total     ........................................................ $ 

(39,100)  $ 

(48,689)  $ 

(46,580) 

(760) 

(47,340) 

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):

For the year ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

Current

Federal   ..................................................... $ 

State     .........................................................

Foreign    ....................................................

Total Current   ................................................ $ 

—  $ 

98 

479 

577  $ 

Deferred

Federal   ..................................................... $ 

(1,252)  $ 

State     .........................................................

Foreign    ....................................................

(374)   

(321)   

Total Deferred    .............................................. $ 

(1,947)  $ 

—  $ 

120 

(148)   

(28)  $ 

—  $ 

— 

(263)   

(263)  $ 

Total  ............................................................. $ 

(1,370)  $ 

(291)  $ 

— 

59 

252 

311 

(65) 

— 

(107) 

(172) 

139 

During  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021,  2020  and  2019,  we  recorded  a  federal  income  tax 
benefit of $1,252,000, $0, and $65,000, respectively. The current year benefit was related to current year 
acquisitions. As the reversal of the acquired net deferred tax liabilities will be recognized on future tax 
returns, these provide an objective source of taxable income. Therefore, a corresponding portion of our 
valuation allowance has been released to reflect this availability, resulting in a federal and state tax benefit 
reflected in the table above. The prior year federal benefit was primarily related to the allocation of tax 
expense (benefit) between continuing operations and other comprehensive income (loss) when applying 
the  exception  to  the  ASC  740  intraperiod  tax  allocation  rule.  Prior  to  the  adoption  of  ASU  2019-12, 
intraperiod tax allocation rules required us to allocate the provision for income taxes between continuing 
operations and other categories of earnings, such as other comprehensive income. In periods in which we 
have  a  year-to-date  pre-tax  loss  from  continuing  operations  and  pre-tax  income  in  other  categories  of 
earnings, such as other comprehensive income, we must allocate the tax provision to the other categories 
of earnings and then record a related tax benefit in continuing operations. This exception to the general 
rule applies even when a valuation allowance is in place at the beginning and end of the year.

95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In  response  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  the  Canada  Revenue  Agency  extended  the  filing  due 
dates  allowing  for  the  Scientific  Research  and  Experimental  Development  (“SR&ED”)  reporting 
deadlines to be extended for six months, but no later than December 31, 2020. We were able to leverage 
this deadline extension and amended our 2018 Canadian return for the SR&ED credit thus generating a 
current and deferred foreign tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2020. 

The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory 

income tax rate and the provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):

For the year ended December 31,

2021

2020

2019

Federal statutory rate   ....................................

 21.0 %

 21.0 %

 21.0 %

Effect of:

Tax benefit at federal statutory rate    ......... $ 

(8,211) 

$ 

(10,225) 

$ 

State taxes, net of federal benefit   .............
Revaluation of deferred tax items due to 
tax rate change (state)   ..............................

Section 162(m) limitations     ......................

Stock-based compensation     ......................

Nondeductible permanent items     .............

Tax benefit of federal R&D credit     ...........

Valuation allowance      ................................

Other    ........................................................

(15,350) 

— 

9,008 

(49,020) 

1,422 

(3,694) 

63,369 

1,106 

Total income tax provision   ........................... $ 

(1,370) 

$ 

(3,394) 

(404) 

6,682 

(12,665) 

2,001 

(3,509) 

21,981 

(758) 

(291) 

$ 

(9,941) 

(4,985) 

— 

2,944 

(14,728) 

1,103 

(3,141) 

29,068 

(181) 

139 

96

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

As of December 31,

2021

2020

Deferred tax assets:

Property and equipment      ..................................................................... $ 

2,770  $ 

Accruals and reserves    .........................................................................

Lease liability    .....................................................................................

Compensation and benefits    ................................................................

Deferred revenue   ................................................................................

Net operating loss and credits     ............................................................

Interest expense      ..................................................................................

Other   ...................................................................................................

Total deferred tax assets       ..................................................................

Valuation allowance     ...........................................................................

Total deferred tax assets       ..................................................................

Deferred tax liabilities:

Property and equipment      .....................................................................

Right-of-use asset   ...............................................................................

Convertible notes      ...............................................................................

Acquired intangibles       ..........................................................................

Deferred commissions   ........................................................................

Other deferred tax liabilities   ...............................................................

Deferred tax liabilities    .....................................................................

48 

9,014 

15,266 

21,709 

150,448 

4,035 

546 

203,836 

(174,771)   

29,065 

(48)   

(8,275)   

(10,916)   

(2,022)   

(6,761)   

(321)   

(28,343)   

Total     ........................................................................................................ $ 

722  $ 

2,636 

173 

9,984 

19,035 

11,753 

91,300 

2,521 

347 

137,749 

(111,402) 

26,347 

(10) 

(8,772) 

(13,076) 

— 

(3,900) 

(222) 

(25,980) 

367 

Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient 
future  taxable  income  will  be  generated  to  permit  use  of  the  existing  deferred  tax  assets.  A  significant 
piece  of  objective  negative  evidence  evaluated  was  the  cumulative  loss  incurred  over  the  three-year 
period ended December 31, 2021. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective 
evidence, such as our projections for future growth. On the basis of this evaluation, we recognized a full 
valuation allowance against our net US deferred tax asset at December 31, 2021, because we believe it is 
more likely than not that these benefits will not be realized.

As  of  December  31,  2021,  we  have  federal  and  state  net  operating  loss  carryforwards  of 
approximately  $481.8  million  and  $466.9  million,  respectively,  available  to  reduce  any  future  taxable 
income. The federal net operating loss carryforwards will expire in varying amounts beginning in 2034. 
Federal and some state net operating losses incurred after 2017 will have an indefinite carryforward. The 
state net operating loss carryforwards will expire in varying amounts beginning in 2021. Additionally, we 
have  total  net  operating  loss  carryforwards  from  international  operations  of  $2.9  million  that  do  not 
expire.  We  also  have  approximately  $19.8  million  of  federal  and  $3.1  million  of  state  tax  credit 
carryforwards as of December 31, 2021. The federal credits will expire in varying amounts between the 
years 2034 and 2040. The state credits expire beginning in 2022. Utilization of our net operating loss and 
tax  credit  carryforwards  may  be  subject  to  substantial  annual  limitations  due  to  the  ownership  change 
limitations  provided  by  Section  382  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Code,  as  amended,  and  similar  state 
provisions.

97

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We have analyzed our inventory of tax positions taken with respect to all applicable income tax 
issues  for  all  open  tax  years.  The  gross  unrecognized  tax  benefits,  if  recognized,  would  not  materially 
affect the effective tax rate as of December 31, 2021, due to the availability of net operating losses.

We are subject to taxation in the United States and various states and foreign jurisdictions. As of 
December  31,  2021,  tax  years  for  2017  through  2020  are  subject  to  examination  by  the  tax  authorities. 
Generally,  as  of  December  31,  2021,  we  are  no  longer  subject  to  federal,  state,  local  or  foreign 
examinations  by  tax  authorities  for  years  before  2017.  However,  to  the  extent  allowed  by  law,  the  tax 
authorities  may  have  the  right  to  examine  prior  periods  where  net  operating  losses  or  tax  credits  were 
generated and carried forward, and make adjustments up to the amount of the net operating loss or credit 
carryforward. 

98

17. Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of 
shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving 
effect to all potential shares of common stock, including our convertible senior notes, outstanding stock 
options, stock related to unvested restricted stock, and common stock issuable pursuant to the ESPP to the 
extent  dilutive.  Basic  and  diluted  net  loss  per  share  was  the  same  for  each  period  presented,  as  the 
inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

The net loss per share is allocated based on the contractual participation rights of the Class A and 
Class B common shares as if the loss for the year has been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend 
rights are identical, the net loss is allocated on a proportionate basis.

We  consider  unvested  restricted  stock  granted  under  the  2014  Equity  Incentive  Plan  to  be 
participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event of 
our declaration of a dividend for common shares. In future periods to the extent we are profitable, we will 
subtract  earnings  allocated  to  these  participating  securities  from  net  income  to  determine  net  income 
attributable to common stockholders.

A reconciliation of the denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share is 

as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):

December 31, 2021

Year ended
December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Class A

Class B

Class A

Class B

Class A

Class B

Numerator
Net loss    ........................................ $  (32,724)  $ 

(5,006)  $ 

(39,966)  $ 

(8,432)  $ 

(38,135)  $ 

(9,344) 

Denominator

Weighted-average common 
shares outstanding - basic and 
diluted..........................................
Basic and diluted net loss per 
share    ............................................ $ 

 44,343,177 

  6,783,333 

 40,007,839 

  8,440,327 

 37,190,224 

  9,112,432 

(0.74)  $ 

(0.74)  $ 

(1.00)  $ 

(1.00)  $ 

(1.03)  $ 

(1.03) 

The  anti-dilutive  securities  excluded  from  the  weighted-average  shares  used  to  calculate  the 

diluted net loss per common share were as follows:

As of December 31,

2021

2020

2019

Shares subject to outstanding common stock 
options    .................................................................

Shares subject to unvested restricted stock units  .
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP..................

1,755,180 

1,891,699 
53,877 

2,903,167 

2,904,616 
94,390 

4,353,167 

3,039,020 
76,466 

Additionally,  approximately  4.3  million  shares  of  our  Class  A  common  stock  underlying  the 
conversion option in the Notes, are not considered in the calculation of diluted net loss per share as the 
effect  would  be  anti-dilutive.  We  use  the  treasury  stock  method  for  calculating  any  potential  dilutive 
effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, if applicable.

99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal 
financial  officer,  our  management  conducted  an  evaluation  of  the  effectiveness  of  the  design  and 
operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under 
the  Exchange  Act,  as  of  the  end  of  the  period  covered  by  this  report.  Our  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures are intended to provide assurance at a reasonable level that the information we are required to 
disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and 
reported  within  the  time  periods  specified  in  SEC  rules  and  forms,  and  that  such  information  is 
accumulated  and  communicated  to  our  management,  including  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief 
Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that 
any  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  no  matter  how  well  designed  and  operated,  can  provide  only 
reasonable  assurance  of  achieving  the  desired  control  objectives.  In  addition,  the  design  of  disclosure 
controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is 
required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to 
their costs.

Based on management’s evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer 
concluded  that  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  are  designed  to,  and  are  effective  to,  provide 
assurance at a reasonable level that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or 
submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods 
specified  in  SEC  rules  and  forms,  and  that  such  information  is  accumulated  and  communicated  to  our 
management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow 
timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our  management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over 
financial  reporting  (as  defined  in  Rule  13a-15(f)  under  the  Exchange  Act).  Management  conducted  an 
assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  based  on  the  criteria  set 
forth in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of 
the  Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework).  Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over 
financial  reporting  is  not  intended  to  provide  absolute  assurance  that  a  misstatement  of  our  financial 
statements would be prevented or detected. Based on that assessment, management has concluded that its 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was  effective  as  of  December  31,  2021  to  provide  reasonable 
assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  in 
accordance  with  GAAP.  Our  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm,  Ernst  &  Young  LLP,  has 
issued an audit report with respect to our internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Part 
II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and is incorporated herein by reference.

100

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with 
the  evaluation  required  by  Rule  13a-15(d)  and  15d-15(d)  of  the  Exchange  Act  that  occurred  during  the 
three months ended December 31, 2021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially 
affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

Short-Term Incentive Plan

On  February  15,  2022,  the  Compensation  Committee  of  our  Board  of  Directors  approved  the 
2022 Short-Term Incentive Plan applicable to our executive officers for the fiscal year ending December 
31, 2022. The Plan provides executive officers with the opportunity to earn cash bonuses based upon the 
achievement  of  pre-established  performance  metrics  determined  by  the  Committee,  which  may  include 
one or more of revenue growth, operating cash flow, or operating loss excluding stock compensation. The 
Committee sets the target award for each participating executive as a percentage of base salary. Following 
the  end  of  fiscal  2022,  the  Committee  will  review  our  attainment  of  the  metrics  and  determine  actual 
payouts, subject to upward or downward adjustment in its discretion.    

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

101

Part III.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

a) 

Directors of the Company.

This  information  is  included  in  our  definitive  proxy  statement  for  the  2022  Annual  Meeting  of 
Stockholders under the heading “Election of Directors” and is incorporated herein by reference.

b) 

Executive Officers of the Company.

Martin  J.  Vanderploeg,  Ph.D.,  65,  has  served  as  our  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer 
since June 2018, and as President and Chief Operating Officer since December 2014. Prior to that, Mr. 
Vanderploeg served as the Chief Operating Officer and a Managing Director of Workiva LLC from 2008 
through  December  2014.  He  has  over  20  years  of  experience  in  mechanical  engineering  and  advising 
early stage technology companies. Prior to founding Workiva in 2008, Mr. Vanderploeg was a founder of 
EAI  and  served  as  EAI's  Executive  Vice  President  from  1993  until  EAI  was  acquired  by  Unigraphics 
Solutions  in  2000.  Mr.  Vanderploeg  served  as  Chief  Technology  Officer  of  EAI  from  1989  to  1999. 
Following  the  acquisition  of  EAI,  Mr.  Vanderploeg  continued  to  be  an  advisor  to  various  technology 
start-up companies. Prior to EAI, Mr. Vanderploeg was a tenured professor of mechanical engineering at 
Iowa State University from 1985 to 1993 and was the founder and director of the Iowa State University 
Visualization  Laboratory.  Mr.  Vanderploeg  earned  a  B.S.,  M.S.  and  Ph.D.  in  mechanical  engineering 
from Michigan State University.

Julie Iskow, 60, has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since 
October  2019.  Prior  to  joining  Workiva,  Ms.  Iskow  served  as  Chief  Technology  Officer  of  Medidata 
Solutions,  Inc. since  April 2015, as well as its Executive Vice President of Product Development  since 
July 2016. Ms. Iskow served as Senior Vice President of Global Product Development at Medidata from 
April 2015 to July 2016. From December 2013 to March 2015, Ms. Iskow served as Chief Information 
Officer and Senior Vice President at WageWorks, Inc., and prior to that as its Senior Vice President of 
Product  Development  and  Vice  President  of  Product  Development.  Ms.  Iskow  has  also  served  as  Vice 
President of Engineering at Asyst Technologies and GW Associates, Inc. Before joining GW Associates, 
she  was  a  member  of  the  faculty  at  the  University  of  Vermont.  Ms.  Iskow  earned  a  B.S.  degree  from 
University of California, Berkeley and an M.S. degree from University of California, Davis. Since May 
2019, Ms. Iskow has been an independent director of Vocera Communications, Inc. (NYSE: VCRA) and 
is a member of its Governance and Nominating Committee.

Jill Klindt, 45, has served as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting 
Officer  and  Treasurer  since  February  2021.  She  served  as  Senior  Vice  President,  Chief  Accounting 
Officer  and  Treasurer  from  March  2017  to  February  2021;  as  Chief  Accounting  Officer  and  Vice 
President  from  December  2014  to  March  2017,  and  Senior  Director  of  Finance  and  Accounting  of 
Workiva  LLC  from  2008  to  December  2014.  Prior  to  joining  Workiva,  Ms.  Klindt  served  as  Financial 
Analysis Manager at Financial Intelligence, LLC; as a Financial Consultant at Wells Fargo Financial; as a 
Senior  Financial  Analyst  at  CitiMortgage;  and  a  Financial  Accounting  Analyst  at  Principal  Residential 
Mortgage.  She  was  also  an  Accountant  of  both  Prairie  iNet  and  EAI.  Ms.  Klindt  is  a  Certified  Public 
Accountant (inactive) with a B.S. in Accounting from Iowa State University.

Jeffrey  D.  Trom,  Ph.D.,  61,  has  served  as  Executive  Vice  President  and  Chief  Technology 
Officer  since  December  2014  and  served  as  a  Managing  Director  and  Chief  Technology  Officer  of 
Workiva  LLC  from  2008  to  December  2014.  He  has  over  20  years  of  experience  working  with 
information  technology  and  development.  Prior  to  founding  Workiva,  Mr.  Trom  was  a  founder  of  EAI 
and  served  as  EAI’s  Vice  President  from  1990  and  as  Chief  Technology  Officer  in  charge  of  software 
architecture, development and deployment from 1999 until EAI was acquired by Unigraphics Solutions in 

102

2000. Thereafter, Mr. Trom served as a technical consultant for various technology companies, including 
Electronic Data Systems from 2000 to 2002. Mr. Trom earned a B.S. and M.S. in Mechanical Engineering 
from University of Iowa and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Iowa State University.

Mithun Banarjee, 43, has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Customer Officer 
since  August  2018.  Previously,  Mr.  Banarjee  served  as  our  Executive  Vice  President  of  Global 
Operations from August 2017 to August 2018, Executive Vice President of Global Client Services from 
March  to  August  2017,  Vice  President  of  Global  Client  Services  from  March  2015  to  March  2017  and 
Director of Customer First Culture from December 2014 to February 2015. He also served Workiva LLC 
as  Director  of  Customer  First  Culture  from  March  2012  to  December  2014  and  Director  of  Customer 
Operations from March 2010 to February 2012. Prior to Workiva, Mr. Banarjee was Director of Client 
Services at Yodle (acquired by Web.com in 2016). Previously, he managed customer relationship teams 
at AT&T and AOL. He earned a B.A. in Information Systems from the University of Lincoln in England, 
UK.

Brandon E. Ziegler, 48, was promoted to Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer of 
Workiva Inc. in March 2021, and has served as its Corporate Secretary since May 2020. Prior to that, Mr. 
Ziegler was Workiva's Senior Vice President and General Counsel from March 2020 to March 2021. Mr. 
Ziegler was previously Senior Vice President, Deputy General Counsel and Assistant Corporate Secretary 
at Medidata Solutions, a leading technology and data platform for life sciences from July 2016 to March 
2020. Prior to Medidata, Mr. Ziegler was head of ADP’s legal department for multinational corporations 
as  Vice  President  and  Assistant  General  Counsel  from  February  2007  to  July  2016.  Before  moving  in-
house, Mr. Ziegler worked in private practice in New York and has extensive legal experience counseling 
public  and  private  companies  in  global  corporate  development,  corporate  governance  and  commercial 
transactions. He earned a B.A. (cum laude) from Duke University and a J.D. from Brooklyn Law School 
where he was an international business law fellow.

Michael D. Hawkins, 46, has served as our Executive Vice President, Sales since August 2021.  
Previously, Mr. Hawkins served as our Senior Vice President of Sales from August 2019 to August 2021, 
Vice President of Sales from March 2015 to August 2019, Director of Sales from January 2013 through 
March  2015,  Area  Sales  Manager  from  January  2012  to  December  2012,  and  Regional  Sales  Director 
from  August  2010  to  December  2011.    Prior  to  joining  Workiva,  Mr.  Hawkins  was  Business 
Development Manager at ExactTarget from July 2008 to August 2010, as Account Executive at OnForce 
from May 2006 to September 2007, and as Account Executive and Director of Sales at Truist (formerly 
CreateHope, Inc.) from May 2001 to April 2006. Mr. Hawkins earned a B.A. from Miami University and 
a J.D. from George Washington University Law School.

c) 

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports.

This  information  is  included  in  our  definitive  proxy  statement  for  the  2022  Annual  Meeting  of 
Stockholders  under  the  heading  “Delinquent  Section  16(a)  Reports”  and  is  incorporated  herein  by 
reference.

d)  

Code of Ethics.

This  information  is  included  in  our  definitive  proxy  statement  for  the  2022  Annual  Meeting  of 
Stockholders under the heading “Corporate Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference.

e) 
Information  regarding  our  Audit  Committee  and  Nominating  and  Governance  Committee  is  set 
forth in our definitive proxy statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the heading 
“Corporate Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference.

103

Item 11. Executive Compensation

This  information  is  included  in  our  definitive  proxy  statement  for  the  2022  Annual  Meeting  of 
Stockholders  under  the  headings  “Executive  Compensation”  and  “Director  Compensation”  and  is 
incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related 
Stockholder Matters

This  information  is  included  in  our  definitive  proxy  statement  for  the  2022  Annual  Meeting  of 
Stockholders  under  the  headings  “Ownership  of  Common  Stock”  and  “Equity  Compensation  Plan 
Information” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence

This  information  is  included  in  our  definitive  proxy  statement  for  the  2022  Annual  Meeting  of 
Stockholders under the headings “Certain Relationships and Related-Party and Other Transactions” and 
“Corporate Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Our independent registered public accounting firm is Ernst & Young LLP, Chicago, Illinois.

This  information  is  included  in  our  definitive  proxy  statement  for  the  2022  Annual  Meeting  of 
Stockholders  under  the  heading  “Ratification  of  the  Appointment  of  Independent  Registered  Public 
Accounting Firm” and is incorporated herein by reference.

104

Part IV.

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K or incorporated by reference herein:

1. All financial statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this 

Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

2. Financial Statement Schedules. Financial statement schedules are omitted as they are either 

not required or the information is otherwise included in the consolidated financial statements.

3. Exhibits:

Exhibit
Number

Description

3.01

3.02

4.01

4.02

4.03

4.04

10.01*

10.02*

10.03*

10.04*

10.05*

10.06*

Certificate of Incorporation of Workiva Inc., incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 16, 2014.

Bylaws of Workiva Inc., incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current 
Report on Form 8-K filed on December 16, 2014.

Form of the Company’s Class A common stock certificate, incorporated by reference from 
Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on November 17, 2014.

Indenture, dated August 16, 2019, between Workiva Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, 
incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed 
on August 16, 2019.

Form of 1.125% Convertible Senior Note due 2026, incorporated by reference from Exhibit A to 
the Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 
16, 2019.

Description of Capital Stock, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.06 to the Company's 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Amended and Restated Workiva Inc. 2009 Unit Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference from 
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 
2016.

Workiva Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.5 to the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on December 16, 2014.

Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Grant for Executive Officers under 2014 Equity Incentive 
Plan, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-
K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Form of Restricted Stock Grant for Executive Officers under 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, 
incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 
the year ended December 31, 2016.

Form of Restricted Stock Grant for Non-Employee Directors under 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, 
incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 
S-1 filed on October 17, 2014.

Form of Employment Agreement, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 3, 2021.

105

Exhibit
Number

10.07*

10.08

10.09*

10.10*

10.11*

10.12*

10.13*

10.14*

10.15*

21.01

23.01

24.01

31.01

31.02

32.01#

32.02#

101

Description

Form of Indemnification Agreement, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.7 to the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on November 17, 2014.

Sublease Agreement, dated December 19, 2011, as amended October 2, 2013, between the 
Company and 2900 University, LLC, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.8 to the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on October 17, 2014.

Workiva Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan effective as of January 14, 2016, 
incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed 
on January 15, 2016.

Form of Workiva Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for service-vesting restricted stock units 
under the Workiva Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference from Exhibit 
10.14 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Form of Workiva Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for service-vesting restricted stock units 
issuable to non-employee directors under the Workiva Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, 
incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
filed on May 4, 2016.

Workiva Inc. Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference 
from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 17, 2016.

Workiva Inc. Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference 
from Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 13, 2018.

Amendment No. 1 to the Workiva Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan., incorporated 
by reference from Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 2018.

Employment agreement, dated September 6, 2019, between the Company and Julie Iskow, 
incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q 
filed on November 6, 2019.

List of Subsidiaries of the Company.

Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Power of attorney (incorporated by reference to the signature page of this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K).

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted 
pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted 
pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted 
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted 
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

The following financial information from Workiva Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
year ended December 31, 2021 formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting 
Language) includes: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of 
Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss, (iv) the Statements of 
Changes in Stockholders Equity (Deficit), (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and 
(vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File - (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.

106

# As contemplated by SEC Release No. 33-8212, these exhibits are furnished with this Annual Report on Form 10-K 
and are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not incorporated by reference in any 
filing of Workiva Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after 
the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in such filings. 

107

SIGNATURES 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the 
Registrant  has  duly  caused  this  report  to  be  signed  on  its  behalf  by  the  undersigned,  thereunto  duly 
authorized on this 22nd day of February, 2022.

WORKIVA INC.

By:

/s/ Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D.

Name: Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D.
Title:

President and Chief Executive 
Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

The  undersigned  officers  and  directors  of  Workiva  Inc.  hereby  severally  constitute  Martin  J. 
Vanderploeg  our  true  and  lawful  attorney,  with  full  power  to  him,  to  sign  for  us  in  our  names  in  the 
capacities indicated below the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed herewith and any and all amendments 
thereto, and generally do all such things in our name and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and 
directors  to  enable  Workiva  Inc.  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, 
or any one of them on the Annual Report on Form 10-K and any and all amendments thereto.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed 

below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated and on the dates 
indicated.

Signature

Title

Date

/s/ Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D.
Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D.

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)

February 22, 2022

/s/ Jill Klindt
Jill Klindt

/s/ Brigid A. Bonner

Brigid A. Bonner

/s/ Michael M. Crow, Ph.D.
Michael M. Crow, Ph.D.

/s/ Robert H. Herz

Robert H. Herz

/s/ Julie Iskow

Julie Iskow

/s/ David S. Mulcahy
David S. Mulcahy

/s/ Suku Radia
Suku Radia

February 22, 2022

February 22, 2022

February 22, 2022

February 22, 2022

February 22, 2022

February 22, 2022

February 22, 2022

Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief 
Accounting Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

S-1

 
[This page intentionally left blank.] 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATION UNDER SECTION 302 OF THE 

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

I, Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D., certify that: 

1.  

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Workiva Inc.; 

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state 

2.  
a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements 
were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, 

3.  
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as 
of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure 

4.  
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over 
financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.  
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and 
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the 
registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, 
particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over 

b.  
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in 
c.  
this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end 
of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that 
d.  
occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of 
an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's 
internal control over financial reporting; and 

The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal 

5.  
control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of 
directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control 

a.  
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, 
process, summarize and report financial information; and 

b.  
significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. 

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a 

February 22, 2022

/s/ Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D.                 
Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D. 
President and Chief Executive Officer 
(Principal Executive Officer)

CERTIFICATION UNDER SECTION 302 OF THE 

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

I, Jill Klindt, certify that: 

1.  

I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Workiva Inc.; 

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state 

2.  
a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements 
were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, 

3.  
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as 
of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure 

4.  
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over 
financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.  
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and 
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the 
registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, 
particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over 

b.  
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in 
c.  
this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end 
of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that 
d.  
occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of 
an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's 
internal control over financial reporting; and 

The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal 

5.  
control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of 
directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control 

a.  
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, 
process, summarize and report financial information; and 

b.  
significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. 

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a 

February 22, 2022

/s/ Jill Klindt                                       
Jill Klindt
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief 
Accounting Officer and Treasurer 
(Principal Financial Officer)

CERTIFICATION UNDER SECTION 906 OF THE 

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

I,  Martin  J.  Vanderploeg,  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  Workiva  Inc.  (the  “Company”),  do  hereby 
certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 
that to the best of my knowledge:

1.

2.

the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the period ended December 31, 2021 (the “Report”) 
fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended; and

the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and 
results of operations of the Company for the periods presented therein.

February 22, 2022

/s/ Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D.                 
Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D. 
President and Chief Executive Officer 
(Principal Executive Officer)

CERTIFICATION UNDER SECTION 906 OF THE 

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

I,  Jill  Klindt,  Senior  Vice  President,  Chief  Financial  Officer,  Chief  Accounting  Officer  and  Treasurer  of  Workiva 
Inc. (the “Company”), do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

1.

2.

the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the period ended December 31, 2021 (the “Report”) 
fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended; and

the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and 
results of operations of the Company for the periods presented therein.

February 22, 2022

/s/ Jill Klindt                                  
Jill Klindt                                         
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief 
Accounting Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)

[This page intentionally left blank.] 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Board of Directors (as pictured left to right)

David S. Mulcahy  Chair, Workiva Inc. and Chair, Monarch Materials Group Inc.

Julie Iskow  President and Chief Operating Officer, Workiva Inc.

Martin J. Vanderploeg  Chief Executive Officer, Workiva Inc. 

Michael M. Crow  President, Arizona State University

Brigid A. Bonner  Principal, Bonner Consulting

Suku Radia  Retired Chief Executive Officer, President and Director, Bankers Trust Company

Robert H. Herz  President, Robert H. Herz LLC *not pictured

Executive Management

Martin J. Vanderploeg  Chief Executive Officer

Julie Iskow  President and Chief Operating Officer

Michael Hawkins  Executive Vice President of Sales

Jill Klindt  Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Jeffrey D. Trom  Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer

Brandon Ziegler  Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Chief Administrative Officer

Transfer Agent 

Computershare 
By Regular Mail 
P. O. Box 505000 
Louisville, KY 40233 
computershare.com/investor
(877) 373 6374 
(781) 575 3100

By Overnight Delivery 
462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600  
Louisville, KY 40202

Stock Listing 

Our Class A common stock is listed on  the 
New York Stock Exchange under the symbol WK. 

Note on Forward-Looking Statements
This annual report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Actual results could  differ materially from these 
forward-looking statements. For a discussion of certain important risk factors that relate to these forward-looking statements, please refer to the Risk Factors 
included in our Form 10-K.

©2022 Workiva Inc.