Alsea, S.A.B. de C.V.
Annual Report 2015

Plain-text annual report

people’s spirits Stirring 25 years .net alsea www. Stirring people’s spirits 2015 Annual Report 2015 Annual Report Stirring people’s spirits Quick Service Restaurants 1,499 units G4-4 Coffee Shops 705 units Casual Dining Restaurants 498 units Family Dining Restaurants 252 units 1 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAOur presence G4-5, 6, 9, EC1 Mexico 2,092 units Argentina 183 units Chile 115 units Colombia 93 units Brazil 4 units Spain 467 units Sales per segment 32,288 million pesos Quick Service Restaurants Casual Dining Restaurants Cofee Shops Family Dining Restaurants DIA % 36 23 22 15 4 Sales per brand +42% vs. 2014 Starbucks Burger King Domino’s Vips Foster’s Hollywood Chili’s Italianni’s DIA El Portón P.F. Chang’s Other* * Includes: California Pizza Kitchen, La Vaca Argentina, The Cheese Cake Factory, Cañas y Tapas and Il Tempietto % 22 21 15 15 7 4 4 4 3 3 2 77% Corporate Units 23% Sub-franchised Units A high-performance team focused on maximizing profitable, sustainable growth of the Company. 3 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAFinancial highlights(1) G4-9, EC1 CAGR (5) Annual Growth 2015 % 2014 % Income Statement Net Sales Gross Profit Operating Income EBITDA(2) Consolidated Net Profit Balance Sheet Total Assets Cash Liabilities with Cost Major Shareholders’ Equity Profitability ROIC(3) ROE(4) Stock Information Share Price Earnings per Share Dividend per Share Book Value per Share Shares outstanding (millions) Operation Number of Units Employees 31.9% 33.9% 51.0% 39.9% 44.5% 23.2% 27.7% 41.7% 42.7% 60.3% 53.5% 65.5% 7.0% 7.5% 8.8% 3.1% 16.3% 38.7% 46.8% 38.3% 3.1% - 6.1% 2.9% 32,288.4 22,139.1 2,353.8 4,301.7 1,032.8 32,853.5 1,195.8 12,233.3 8,948.2 9.3% 10.4% 59.85 1.171 0.50 10.83 837.5 2,954 61,822 100.0% 22,787.4 100.0% 68.6% 15,515.1 7.3% 13.3% 3.2% 1,468.5 2,801.8 624.1 68.1% 6.4% 12.3% 2.7% 100.0% 30,871.5 100.0% 3.8% 38.4% 28.5% 1,112.9 11,239.2 8,757.9 3.7% 37.8% 29.6% 8.0% 7.5% 40.77 0.847 - 10.51 837.6 2,784 60,051 (1) Figures in millions of nominal pesps under IFRS standards, exept data per share, number of units and employees. (2) EBITDA is defined as operating income before depreciation and amortization. (3) ROIC is defined as operating income after taxes over net operating investment. (total assets - cash and cash equivalents - no cost liabilities). (4) ROE is defined as net profit over mayor shareholders’ equity. (5) CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate 2011 a 2015. 2015 Results Million pesos Net Sales EBITDA 9 9 6 0 1 , 0 2 5 3 1 , 8 9 6 5 1 , 7 8 7 2 2 , 8 8 2 2 3 , 3 2 1 1 , 9 0 6 1 , 0 4 0 2 , 2 0 8 2 , 2 0 3 4 , ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15 Consolidated Net Income 1,033 Million pesos 3,439 Million pesos CAPEX ROIC ROE 9.3 % 10.4 % 5 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAFinancial highlights G4-9, EC1 Shares Outstanding (million) 837.5 Average Value Traded (million pesos) 100 Share price year ended 2015 $59.85 Dec’11 Dec’12 Dec’13 Dec’14 Dec’15 $ 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 e c n a m r o f r e p e c i r p e r a h S Same Store Sales Alsea 9.3% Mexico 4.4% South America 25.5% Spain 7.2% 7 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAGeneral Management’s Message G4-1 To our Shareholders In 2015, we continued stirring the spirits of our stakeholders and the outstanding results we achieved made the company even more solid. After 25 years of operation, we have become the leading restaurant operator in Mexico, Latin America and Spain. We are pleased to share with you our results in 2015, a year of strategic reorganization with eye to the company’s future. As part of our strategy, bearing mind the brisk pace of expansion the company has seen in both Mexico and international markets, and in order to maximize its growth potential in those countries and focus more closely on its operations, in 2015 the company decided to reorganize into two business units: Alsea Mexico and Alsea International. Alsea Mexico In 2015, our goal at Alsea Mexico was to focus on consolidating not only the growth of the brands in our portfolio, but our recent acquisitions as well. In Mexico, we kept our attention on operations unit by unit, to obtain maximum return, shoring up our growth and our process efficiency. We increased the number of units we operate to 2,092, which was a net growth of 93 units throughout the year. Our sales grew 19.1% to 19.90 billion pesos, and a like-for-like growth of 4.4% in the full year. Our adjusted EBITDA margin was 23.5% and adjusted EBITDA grew 15.6% to end the year at 4.67 billion pesos. We also made organizational changes relating to the Vips and El Portón restaurants, incorporating the latter into our portfolio of Casual Dining brands and launching a multi-brand loyalty program called “Wow Rewards” that we hope will forge closer ties with our customers and reward them for their preference. During the year we also kept up with our goal of supporting more children and young people suffering from hunger and malnutrition, opening up our sixth children’s dining room in Saltillo, Coahuila, which serves 2,000 boys and girls daily. 2016 will be a year of daunting challenges, but also of opportunities to consolidate our position as nationwide leaders. We will continue our plan to grow our brands organically, focusing on profitability and operating efficiency, backed by the efforts and commitment of all of the employees that make up Alsea Mexico. 9 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAAlsea Internacional In 2015, the company opened 77 new units in international markets, continuing our strategy of growth and consolidation of the portfolio in the markets where we operate. Over the course of the year, we made several strategic decisions to maximize the company’s potential in those markets, enabling us to replicate Alsea’s business model and achieving greater depth in the synergies in each country. Sales in South America accounted for 20.7% of Alsea’s consolidated sales for the year. This segment saw a 45.4% growth in sales, to an annual total of 6.72 billion pesos, and adjusted EBITDA for the full year 2015 grew 50.4% to 1.02 billion pesos. The adjusted EBITDA margin improved by 50 basis points. In Spain, 2015 revenues accounted for 17.8% of Alsea’s consolidated sales, and adjusted EBITDA for the year reached 1.08 billion pesos, driving a significant improvement in the margin, reaching 19.1%. In 2016 we will continue to focus on our strategy of growth and consolidation in the international markets where we operate, keeping up the pace of organic growth while taking advantage of acquisition opportunities that strengthen our portfolio in each country and generate the dynamism we are seeking in every market. Other achievements in 2015: • We improved our debt profile using the resources obtained from an issue of securities certificates on the local market, which was the first time we issued securities debt at 10 years and also the first time an A+ rated issuer placed assets at this term. • In Mexico we signed a cooperation agreement with the Federal Consumer Protection Agency (PROFECO), through which we joined efforts established in the National Strategy for the Prevention and Control Excess Weight, Obesity and Diabetes in Mexico, which will promote a culture of responsible consumption and a healthy, balanced lifestyle. • For the fourth year in a row, we earned the Socially Responsible Enterprise distinction from the Mexican Center for Philanthropy (CEMEFI). • Included in the Mexican Stock Exchange Sustainable IPC index for the third year in a row. • Signatories of the United Nations Global Compact for the fifth year in a row, by which we pledge to operate under the principles established in that document. We attribute our success in meeting our goals last year to a favorable climate for consumption, our efficient business model, the strength of each of the brands that make up our portfolio, and various product launches, campaigns and technological tools that complemented our strategies. We are grateful to all our employees, customers, partners and shareholders for placing their trust and interest in our company, and we invite you to stir people’s spirits and accompany us in meeting the goals and expectations we have for the future. Federico Tejado Fabian Gosselin Alsea Mexico Alsea Internacional 11 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spirits ALSEAG4-3 We are Alsea... 01. ...the leading restaurant operator in Latin America and Spain, with internationally-recognized brands in the Quick Service, Coffee Shop, Casual and Family Dining Restaurant segments. Winning Attitude Engaged Leadership Surprising Service Collaborative Spirit Attention to Detail customers’ happiness” are reflected in our “Our achievements Alsea’s World “Our achievementsare reflected in ourcustomers’ happiness”Our passion for excellence inspires us to find comprehensive solutions, meet increasingly ambitious goals and maximize great results Winning Attitude “Our achievements are reflected in our customers’ happiness” “Passion is a symptom of contagious happiness” 15 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAOur restaurant managers think and act like owners, always aware of the business, the needs of the customer and of the team Engaged Leadership “Our achievements are reflected in our customers’ happiness” “The best attitude, hands-on” 17 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spirits ALSEAWe pursue increasingly high standards of satisfaction with a contagious passion to serve and surprise Surprising Service “Our achievements are reflected in our customers’ happiness” “Every day can be a big surprise” 19 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAWe combine ideas with talent, building a hands-on community that helps each other through challenges and multiplies the value of our results Collaborative Spirit “Our achievements are reflected in our customers’ happiness” “Friendship multiplies joy” 21 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAWe strive for continuous improvement, delivering excellent execution to enhance the value of the Alsea experience Attention to Detail “Our achievements are reflected in our customers’ happiness” “The magic is in the smallest details” 23 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAG4-56 Strategic Approach Stirring people’s spirits Purpose Value proposal We are a community committed firmly to excellence and integrity. We maximize synergies to deliver a surprising array of products and generate extraordinary results, with just the right dose of happiness, down to the smallest details, to fulfill our purpose of stirring peoples’ spirits. Strategic areas Customers Employees Synergy Results Consistently surpass our customers’ expectations. Provide an efficient platform for synergies and growth. Support the development of our people and have the best management talent in the industry. Incorporate and operate brands of proven success, preserving their essence while ensuring sustained, profitable growth. Corporate Responsibility Promote a culture focused intensively on growth and continual learning, with a keen sense of social responsibility. 25 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAAlsea’s business units are backed by five support areas: Supply Chain, Property and Development, Finance, Human Resources, and Information Technology. We also have a structured corporate governance that includes a Board of Directors supported by Audit and Corporate Practices Committees. G4-4, 56 Business Model Finance Information Technology Human Resources Marketing Internal Audit Supply Chain Real Estate Development Corporate Responsibility T R O P P U S R E T N E C S D N A R B Operation Marketing Human Resources BRANDS BUSINESS MODEL PEOPLE OTHERS • Portfolio diversity • Leading global brands • Leading own brands E V I T I T E P M O C S E G A T N A V D A • Shared services • Brand synergies and best practices • Economies of scale • Negotiating power with suppliers and developers • Geographic footprint • Market experience • Innate talent • Alsea career plan • Access to technology • Corporate responsibility • Corporate governance • Ability to handle complexity 27 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spirits ALSEA G4-56 Growth strategy Organic growth + Acquisitions GROWTH + Same Store Sales + Existing Brands + Store Openings + New Brands + Franchisees & Sub-franchisees + New Markets MARGIN EXPANSION Operating Leverage Same Store Sales + Units Business Mix Corporate Franchised Subfranchised Brands Segments Geographies Operating Efficiencies Cost of Sales Pricing Strategy Expenses Synergies Best Practices Good Macroeconomics Solid Business Plan Great Execution Formula for Success 29 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAG4-18, 28, 24, 34, 35, 42, 56 Corporate Responsibility Model Corporate Responsibility Committee Directed by the Chairman of the Board, Directors of Alsea Mexico, Alsea International Director, Shared Services and Brand Directors Stakeholders: Shareholders, Customers, Employees, Suppliers, Community, Investors, Government, NGOs, Media and Competitors. S N O I S S I M M O C Quality of life and Business Ethics Responsible Consumption Environment We want working at Alsea to be a source of satisfaction and pride, and we support comprehensive advancement of our employees based on a life-work balance and ethical, responsible conduct. We offer our customers the best assortment of products made with the highest quality ingredients, promoting balanced lifestyles and being mindful of the social, environmental and economic implications of the product life cycle, while building awareness among our customers and employees. Promoting environmental care through the sustainable operation of our units, striving for profitability through innovation and leadership in our 4 lines of action: energy, water, supplies and waste. Community Support We support the growth and welfare of the communities where we operate, with engagement strategies that bring us closer to them and help us better understand their needs. We work mainly for nutrition and education. Human Resources Directors Marketing Supply and Product Development Directors Media, Marketing and Públic Relations Operation Managers Corporate Responsibility is a strategic area at Alsea, and it is managed through four pillars that guide our actions and enable us to respond to the expectations and needs of our stakeholders: Employee Quality of Life and Business Ethics, Responsible Consumption, Environment, and Community Engagement. About this Report Our report “Stirring People’s Spirits” is the fourth integrated annual report Alsea has published, and includes the results of the period from January 1 to December 31, 2015. This year it is prepared for the first time based on the G4 Guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), under the Core “in-accordance” option for reporting without external verification. This document is an information tool whose content and clarity are driven by the principles of clarity, balance, comparability, precision, timeliness and reliability. • Sustainability context Corporate Responsibility for Alsea is not a program, initiative or function but an attitude that is incorporated into all aspects of our business planning and operations. • Materiality In 2015, we conducted a materiality analysis to determine the most transcendent aspects for Alsea and our stakeholders, which was essential for shaping this report. • Stakeholder involvement We engaged in dialogue with our stakeholders and took into account their opinions and expectations regarding the key issues identified in the materiality study. report • Exhaustiveness documents Alsea’s This performance in 2015, detailing the impact of the material aspects identified, how they were managed, and the scope of each. exhaustively 31 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spirits ALSEAMateriality G4-25, 37 In 2015, we strengthened our connection with the stakeholders, with whom we maintain a continuous dialogue, using the channels we have established for this purpose. In partnership with a consulting company, we conducted a materiality analysis for the first time in order to identify aspects that were material to both Alsea and our stakeholders. The methodology was the following: Materiality study Qualitative and Quantitative study of: Industry maturity Sectorial risk Social risk Identifying key issues Dialogue with stakeholders (online survey) Material aspects Employees Suppliers Customers 33 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAMateriality Urgent 100% G4-19, 20, 21 Once we completed our dialogue with stakeholders, we related the data with the results of our analysis of industry maturity, sectorial risk and social risk and this gave us a set of material aspects validated by our stakeholders. Necessary Environmental policy Product development Corporate responsibility management Energy eco-efficiency Materials Social impact Ethics Customer management Climate change Water resources management Health and Safety Talent recruitment Human Capital Supplier standards Corruption Financial issues Human rights s r o t a v i t o m l a i c o S + s r o t a v i t o m l a i r o t c e S + y t i r u t a m y r t s u d n I 50% 0% 50% Emerging Alsea + Stakeholders 100% General The coverage and scope of each material aspect are detailed in the table below: Material aspect Coverage Scope Corporate Social Responsibility Management Economic performance General Customer health and safety Product and service labeling Marketing communications Customer privacy Regulatory compliance Ethics and integrity Anti-corruption Public policy Anti-competitive practices Training and education Investment Jobs Local communities Indirect economic repercussions Non-discrimination Child labor Forced labor Procurement practices Environmental evaluation of suppliers Labor practices evaluation of suppliers Human rights evaluation of suppliers Social repercussions analysis of suppliers Products and services Regulatory compliance General Materials Health and Safety Emissions Energy Water ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Shareholders, customers, employees, suppliers, community, investors, government, NGOs, media, competitors Shareholders, customers, employees, suppliers, investors, media and competitors Investors, NGOs and media Customers, employees, investors, authorities, media Customers, authorities and competitors Customers, authorities and media Customers, employees and authorities Shareholders, customers, employees, investors, authorities and media Shareholders, customers, employees, suppliers, community, investors, authorities, NGOs, media and competitors Shareholders, customers, employees, suppliers, community, investors, authorities and media Authorities Customers, employees, investors, authorities, media and competitors Employees Employees, suppliers, community and NGOs Employees and communities Employees, community and NGOs Customers, employees, suppliers, community and NGOs Shareholders, customers, employees, suppliers, community, investors, authorities, NGOs, media and competitors Employees, suppliers, community, authorities, NGOs, media Employees, suppliers, community, authorities, NGOs, media Suppliers Suppliers, investors and authorities Suppliers, investors and authorities Suppliers, investors and authorities Suppliers, investors and authorities Investors, authorities and NGOs Shareholders, investors, authorities, NGOs and media NGOs Suppliers and NGOs Employees and authorities Community, authorities and NGOs Community, authorities and NGOs Community, authorities and NGOs ● Material for the Company ● Material inside and outside the Company ● Material inside the Compay and its brands ● Material outside of the Company 35 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spirits ALSEAMessage from the Chairman of the Board of Directors G4-1 Dear Shareholders This year at Alsea we are celebrating 25 years of continuous work and constant expansion, and it pleases us to share within the pages of our 2015 Annual and Sustainability Report the successes that have allowed us to spark the spirit in people throughout our history. We are very proud of the fact that we are now a leading company in the restaurant sector, and that we have almost 62,000 employees that make up an exceptional team in six countries, with 14 brands. Besides it being a year of celebration for us, 2015 was also a positive year during which we continued to consolidate our position as leaders in the markets where we are present. We found ourselves in an environment that was favorable for consumption, which allowed us to improve our operations and optimize our company’s performance, to levels above our original expectations. We value innovation as a key component of our DNA, and that drives us to continue to develop projects that help us remain at the forefront in our sector, not only because of the products and services we offer our clients, but also for our technological advances. This year, for example, we launched the Domino’s Pizza and Burger King mobile apps, and our multi-brand “Wow Rewards” fidelity program, through which we are able to get closer to our clients and improve our communication with them, by offering a simple way to get immediate benefits at our stores. With the opening of 170 stores—a record number in our 25 years’ history—we reached 2,954 units, sales for 32.3 billion pesos, and a 4.3 billion pesos EBITDA. I reiterate: 2015 was a very successful year for Alsea. To strengthen our long-term vision and ensure the profitable growth of our company, during 2015 we began operating under a new organizational structure through which we separated the Alsea México and Alsea International operations. With this measure, we are able to focus more on the operation and have greater flexibility and execution capabilities to maximize the opportunities for growth we find in each segment and market in which we participate. Both business units report to the Alsea Board of Directors that I have the honor to preside. Further, the Administration and Finance, Human Resources, and Strategic Planning divisions report directly to me, making possible for them to support the operation of our business units in all our markets. The Board of Directors and its governing bodies continue to collaborate to drive Alsea to accomplish the levels of profitability and growth the market expects from us. As part of this task, we are fully aware of the managing risks that are inherent to a company with a geographic coverage and critical mass such as ours. Additionally, at Alsea we reinforce every day our commitment to being a company that strictly complies with the Code of Best Corporate Practices. Through the work of our Board of Directors, we make sure that we comply with the highest corporate governance standards to generate greater security and trust in our national and international shareholders. Based on our proven responsible and strong entrepreneurial behavior, and on the value we generate for our business, employees, and shareholders, we were included for the third consecutive year in the Sustainability Index of the Mexican Stock Exchange. Furthermore, we obtained the distinction as a Socially Responsible Company, for the fourth consecutive year. We have accomplished outstanding results in terms of profitability and operating efficiencies, and we increased our diversification and financial strength. Additionally, in our daily activities, we reiterate our commitment to society, environmental stewardship, the quality of life of our employees, and the satisfaction of our clients. As we embrace 2016, we will work to continue increasing our profitability. We will focus our efforts on facing up to the challenge of maintaining our current growth rates to reach the five-year goals we announced at the end of the year, during the first Alsea Analyst and Investor Day. We celebrated 25 years of success, grateful to all our employees for their effort, passion and commitment, as with our customers for their preference and confidence, which motivates us to see the future of Alsea with great optimism. Alberto Torrado Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors 37 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEA 02. Corporate Governance Alsea follows the strictest Corporate Governance practices and abides by the law in every country where we operate. 39 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAG4-34, 38, 40, 51 12 Board Members 6 Related Members 6 Independent Members Corporate Practices Committee Audit Committee Board of Directors Our Corporate Governance model begins with our Board Directors, which is made up of 12 members who were ratified or appointed in the General Ordinary and Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings of October 19, 2015. The Board includes six Independent Members. Its chairman is Alberto Torrado Martínez, who is a related owner member. To guarantee that the company’s strategic planning is conducted with an impartial vision, 50% of Alsea’s board members are independent. This is well above the 25% minimum required by the Securities Exchange Act. The Board does not have Alternate Members, because we believe the Regular Members are obligated to fulfill their duties by attending meetings. Alsea may convene a meeting of the Board of Directors at the request of at least 25% of the Board Members. The compensation system for Board members is fixed and calculated based on attendance to meetings of the Board and the committees to which they belong, in addition to their participation in deliberations and the efficiency of the strategic decisions taken. In compliance with the Securities Exchange Act, to support the Board of Directors, Alsea created two committees that act as intermediary management bodies: The Corporate Practices Committee and the Audit Committee, which are comprised exclusively of Independent Board Members. Corporate Practices Committee Among the general duties of the Corporate Practices Committee are: • To make observations on the performance of key executives. • To monitor and report on transactions with related parties, detailing the characteristics of any significant transaction. • To establish and review emoluments or comprehensive compensation packages. • To review and present the dispensations granted by the Board of Directors. 41 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spirits ALSEAG4-38 Audit Committee Among the general duties of the Audit Committee are: • To monitor and report on the state of the Company’s internal control system and internal audit system, and those of the companies that it controls, and where applicable, to identify any deficiencies and discrepancies, as well as the aspects that require improvement. To this end it must take into account the opinions, reports, communiqués and reports by the external auditor, as well as the reports issued by independent experts who have provided their services during the period covered by the report. • To review, report and follow up on the preventive and corrective measures taken on the basis of investigations into any breach of guidelines and operating policies, and accounting records; with regard to either the Company itself or the companies that it controls. • To report on and evaluate the performance of the company that provides external auditing services. • To report on the main results of the review of the Company’s financial statements and those of companies that it controls. • To report on the description and effects of modifications to approved accounting policies. • To report on the measures adopted pursuant to observations by shareholders, Board Members, key executives, employees and in general any third party, with respect to accounting, internal controls and matters related to the internal or external audit or even matters arising from complaints made regarding management events that are deemed irregular. • To report on and follow up on the resolutions passed in the Shareholders’ Meetings and by the Board of Directors. The compensation system for Board members is fixed and calculated based on attendance to meetings of the Board and the committees to which they belong, in addition to their participation in deliberations and the efficiency of the strategic decisions taken. Board of Directors Alberto Torrado Martínez Chairman PROPRIETARY MEMBERS INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS Alberto Torrado Martinez Chairman Cosme Torrado Martinez Member Armando Torrado Martinez Member Fabian Gerardo Gosselin Castro Member Federico Tejado Barcena Member Diego Gaxiola Cuevas Member Raul Mendez Segura Chairman, Grupo Green River Ivan Moguel Kuri Partner of Chévez Ruiz Zamarripa y Cía, S.C. Carlos Piedrahita Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) for Latin America Julio Gutierrez Mercadillo Chairman, Grupo Metis Leon Kraig Eskenazi Director and Partner, Ignia Partners, LLC Steven J. Quamme Chairman, Cartica Capital SECRETARY Xavier Mangino Dueñas Partner of Diaz de Rivera y Mangino, S.C. AUDIT COMMITTEE Ivan Moguel Kuri Julio Gutierrez Mercadillo Raul Mendez Segura Elizabeth Garrido Lopez CORPORATE PRACTICES COMMITTEE Chairman Julio Gutierrez Mercadillo Member Member Cosme Torrado Leon Kraig Eskenazi Secretary Carlos Piedrahita Elizabeth Garrido Lopez Chairman Member Member Member Secretary 43 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEACode of Ethics G4-56, 57, 58 United by a culture of commitment At Alsea we create, develop and bring to life different experiences to Stir people’s Spirits. This is possible when our employees feel a sense of pride, belonging and identification with the Company, inspiring them to work with passion, commitment and dedication every day. The full development of Alsea’s culture is indispensable to its success and to developing a true competitive advantage. This culture is made up of every one of us; we are the ones who put it into practice, we shape it, and we apply it every day, regardless of the brand or country where we work and contribute to Alsea. Every person is the living expression of their values. That’s why our Code of Ethics is so important. It explains the standards of conduct we promote and are eager to apply to our daily actions within the organization. This Code is a guide for all, because it embodies our aspiration to be a company that conducts itself with a winning attitude, involved leadership, surprising service, collaborative spirit and attention to detail, generating results in the right way to benefit our clients, employees, shareholders and the community at large. We are convinced that by living Alsea’s Values we can build a culture based on high ethical standards, creating a healthy, positive workplace where we can all work together in harmony. We all want to make this a better place to work, a safe company, with equal opportunities, free of risk, and one we can feel proud of. So we invite our employees to work every day with an attitude of ethics and responsibility, abiding by the guidelines established in our Code of Ethics. Our Code provides detailed standards of conduct regarding: • Compliance with the law, regulations, and internal and external standards • Our dealings with customers • Equal opportunities • A harassment-free workplace • Occupational safety • Conflicts of interest • Policy against accepting gifts • Transparent, corruption-free business dealings • Care of our work tools • Anti-fraud measures • Protection of private and confidential information • Environmental care and responsible use of resources To guarantee compliance with our ethical guidelines, we have created a hotline for stakeholders, which we call Línea Correcta or “Right Line”, a mechanism for receiving reports of violations to our Code of Conduct by Alsea employees, supplies and brands, both in Mexico and in Latin America. The hotline is managed in a comply objective, reliable and confidential manner. For more information about our Code of Conduct, visit: http://www.alsea.net/investor-relations/code-of- ethics 45 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spirits ALSEA03. Our People We support the development of our people and have the best management talent in the industry. 47 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAWe are very proud to have a team made up of 61,822 employees spread out over six countries. To all of them, we offer a pleasant workplace environment, a culture of respect and service, and the conditions they need to develop professionally and personally, and to find the ideal life balance. Talent At Alsea, we are committed to attracting and retaining talent. We provide the best working conditions in a healthy environment, placing a priority on non-discrimination, equal opportunity and fairness, and pursuing challenging projects that support the comprehensive development of our employees. Our goal is to attract employees with innovative ideas who can contribute to our best practices and experience. Our recruitment and selection process is based on the comprehensive Human Rights policy in Mexico and the ÚNETE Business Rules on Talent Attraction, Recruitment and Selection. The benefits of correctly managing this process are translated into greater business know-how, which comes from the training of our new employees, lower turnover, and development of leaders through various leadership and motivation programs. We have also identified some opportunities in defining a career plan for some positions. 49 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spirits ALSEAG4-LA1 In order to attract the best candidates for filling positions within Alsea, we have a recruitment team in every country where we operate. We post our job openings through various authorized recruitment sources, like institutional, government or online job banks, social networks, schools and universities, and we establish specific strategies and lines of action for encouraging employee retention for each of our brands. The main challenge we faced in 2015 was attracting the talent we needed to grow our brands and recruit employees to fill more than 2,000 operating positions and more than 500 corporate positions, due to the opening of 122 corporate-owned units. We were able to meet these goals on time to cover positions within the corporation and stores, and we did this by setting up a centralized service center for attracting talent to the operation, by creating policies and procedures, consolidating leadership and reorganizing in countries where we are present, covering critical zones in peak season, and encouraging internal advancement and mobility by keeping our employees abreast of promotion opportunities through a system for internal applications and referrals. New hires in Mexico 217 women 244 men 461 new administrative personnel hired age city Less than 30 years From 31 to 50 years More than 51 years 54% 42% 4% Mexico City Monterrey Guadalajara Toluca Cancun Puebla Others 83% 3.5% 3% 2.5% 1% 1% 5% 51 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEA Training and development in Mexico G4-LA2, 9, 10 Our restaurant managers think and act like owners, always aware of the business, the needs of the customer and of the team. At Alsea, we make an effort to provide our employees with advancement opportunities, giving them the tools they need to build and update the skills inherent to their positions, and encouraging a commitment to doing their jobs right every day, so we can identify the impact and scope of our training programs and make sure our employees are taking full advantage of them. We hire trained personnel and we keep them up to date on their job responsibilities through a new, restaurant focused attitude, starting with managers being encouraged to take on responsibility for the actions and goals of the units they are in charge of, maintaining a focus on the persons and on the advancement of the employees reporting to them. Other challenges we dealt with in 2015 included developing leadership, boosting sales, and controlling expenses, training our employees in the Alsea Leadership Model and reaching our financial goals. In pursuit of this objective, we have policies and processes in place for training our personnel according to the TNA (Training Needs Assesment) of each our brands and support area, and we coordinate training plans that boost know-how in our company and operations, with internal training programs, or when necessary specialized outside courses and the soft and core issues of the business. We also monitor our training process through satisfaction surveys, learning and performance, depending on the issue addressed and its impact on the business. 1,649 of our administration employees have life insurance and major medical insurance benefits. 34.02 average work hours of training per employee performance evaluation by gender 33.12 average hours women 35.40 average hours men Men Women 61% 39% Directors / Associate Directors 10.69 hours Managers / Middle Managers 35.41 hours Operational workers 45.53 hours 53 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEA 2015 Initiatives Quality of life Commission Design of the “Extra Day” policy for operating employees. Launch of the vacation control system for administrative personnel. 648 employee children benefited from the academic excellence program. Activation of the Emergency Employee Support Fund. Goals 2016 • Continue pursuing the 2015 programs. • Alsea Fellowships: Supporting high-potential store managers in completing their professional studies. • Launch the “Extra Day” in Operations. • Standardize inter-brand benefits for newly hired operational employees. • Increase the number of women in executive positions. • Regulate the process and activate the hiring of differently-abled personnel, older adults and integration of persons belonging to minorities and/or vulnerable groups. 55 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEA04. Environment Promoting environmental care through the sustainable operation of our units, striving for profitability through innovation and leadership in our 4 lines of action: energy, water, supplies and waste. 57 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAWe make an effort to use all our resources wisely, and we’ve developed various lines of action to fully comply with environmental laws, while monitoring our energy, water, supply and waste operations and making them more efficient. G4- EN 27, EN 31 We invested MXN 83,221,884 in initiatives to optimize including consultancy on the National operations, Emissions Report, a project to replace lighting and boilers in existing stores and installing more energy-efficient lighting and water heating units in new stores. 8,508 metric tons of CO2, emissions mitigated through product manufacturing process efficiency: • 42% reduction in consumption by using of high-efficiency heaters. • 70% reduction in energy consumption by using LED instead of incandescent lighting. Figures in Mexico 59 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAEnergy in Mexico G4-EN3, EN5, EN6 In 2015 we introduced some energy savings projects both in existing branches and in newly built units. These included: • Installation of high-efficiency heaters in 20 new stores. • Installation of 23,473 overhead lights in new stores. • Replacement of 140 existing boilers for high-efficiency heaters in existing stores. • Replacement of 110,639 overhead lights in existing stores. 78,799 Gj per year saved from energy conservation projects: • 32,249 Gj from replacement of overhead lights in existing stores. • 19,989 Gj from replacement of boilers in existing stores. • 26,561 Gj from improvements in new stores. Consumption of 166,792 KwH a year per restaurant. energy consumption L.P. Gas Electricity Gasoline Diesel Natural gas 1,160,717 957,722 134,134 239,702 351,473 Notes: • These data refer only to Mexico • To calculate energy consumption, we used the billing information from the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) and suppliers of LP and natural gas • The sources used to calculate the conversion factors were: National Emissions Registry Guide: http://www.semarnat.gob.mx/sites/ default/files/documentos/cicc/20150915_guia_rene.pdf IPCC 2006 “”006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”, Volume 2 (chapter 1 - stationary combustion, table 2.2)  2016 Goals: • To supply 80% of our establishments in Mexico with electricity from renewable sources. • To maintain the standard of efficiency of each new opening, based on the experience of previous projects, like lighting, heating and water pump. Water in Mexico 2,823,215 m3 of water consumed in 2015 One our biggest challenges in environmental terms in 2015 was accounting for the consumption of water resources at Alsea. We were able to estimate 30% of this to establish a baseline, and we will continue to progress toward this measurement in coming years. 2016 Goal: • Calculate real measurement of 90% of our water consumption, leaving only 10% to estimate. 61 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAEmissions in Mexico G4-EN15, EN 16, EN18, EN19 In keeping with the Mexican General Law on Climate Change, as a result of energy-saving programs introduced in the year, we were able to lower our carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Mexico in 2015, establishing this exercise as a baseline for monitoring due to the adjustment of our calculation methodology to conform to the requirements of the National Emissions Registry. 119,915 metric tons of CO2, total direct emissions in 2015. 5,345 metric tons of CO2 saved through energy projects such as: • Boiler replacement (scope 1): reduction of 1,260 metric tons of CO2 • Overhead lighting replacement (scope 2): reduction of 4,085 metric tons of C02. 121,311 metric tons of CO2, total indirect emissions in 2015. 151 metric tons of CO2 emitted each year per restaurant. (Direct and indirect emissions) 2016 Goals: • Reduce CO2 emissions by supplying 80% of our establishments in Mexico with electricity from renewable sources. • Maintaining efficiency standards in new openings, based on energy saving projects introduced successfully in the past. 2015 Iniciatives Environment Commission Acquiring green energy (Cogeneration and wind). Reduce electrical energy billing and CO2 generation. Expansion of waste recycling programs. Goals 2016 • Continue to pursue the 2015 programs. • Acquire green energy (cogeneration and wind). • Expand waste recycling programs. • Seek out and incorporate environmentally-friendly inputs. • Standardize the method of measuring water consumption. 63 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEA05. Community engagement At Alsea, we support the growth and welfare of the communities where we operate, with engagement strategies that bring us closer to them and help us better understand their needs. 65 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAFundación Alsea, A.C. G4-EC7, EC8, SO1 Fundación Alsea has a mission of bringing food security to vulnerable communities and promoting human development by supporting educational initiatives. For the past 11 years, we have supported more than 500,000 low-income families in Mexico with an investment of more than 80 million pesos. At the instructions of the Board of Directors, every year we allocate 1% of our net profits to Fundación Alsea, which is the non-profit arm through which we carry out our charitable work, so it can promote community support programs. MXN 42,450,000 Cash donations received in 2015 Va por mi cuenta Fundraising Campaign- Customers Fundraising Campaign- Employees Founding partners Other campaigns Alsea - 1% of net profits % 53 14 2 15 16 80 metric tons of food donated 22,267 hours of volunteer time donations received 67 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAPrograms G4-EC7, EC8, SO1 Va por mi Cuenta In 2012, Fundación Alsea began supporting the “Va por mi Cuenta” (It’s on Me) Campaign, a movement that guarantees that children living in food insecurity in our country have access to food in a healthy environment and with a program of values that enables them to grow physically and emotionally. This work is carried out in dining centers for children, which we call “Nuestro Comedor” (Our Dining Room). • In 2015 we built and opened our 6th Dining Center in the municipality of Saltillo, Coahuila. • We currently have the capacity to feed 2,000 boys and girls every day. • From 2012 to the present we have provided more than half a million nutritious meals, directly benefiting more than 800 families. • Through our fundraising campaign with customers, we raised almost 20 million pesos, which will be used to guarantee the operation of existing dining rooms. • We expanded the capacity of the “Our Dining Centers” facilities in Chalco and Ecatepec, benefiting another 270 children in those communities. • In 2016 we expect to build and operate two more Dining Centers in the State of Mexico and Mexico City, with which we will positively impact the lives of another 1,000 children. 69 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spirits ALSEAFondo para la Paz IAP Fund for Opportunities and Employability G4-EC7, EC8, SO1 In 2015 a program called Fund for Opportunities and Employability was created, sponsored and supported by Starbucks Foundation and Fundación Alsea. Its purpose is to provide vulnerable youth with the tools they need to become productive members of society and obtain a formal job more easily. • USD 300,281 invested by Starbucks Foundation and Fundación Alsea. • 1,044 direct beneficiaries. • 5 young people received college scholarships. • Community development supported through the conservation and creation of jobs. In 2015, with the support of Fundación Alsea, this organization was able to improve food security conditions for 155 people through sustainable intensification of farming production among indigenous communities along Oaxaca’s coast. • Communities received 84 hours of training in setting up 6 bio-intensive community gardens. • A local producers’ network was formed in the coastal region of Oaxaca. • 787 kgs of products were harvested (radishes, squash, corn, cucumbers, beans and cilantro). Mano Amiga We support “Mano Amiga” school in Chalco, State of Mexico, providing 136 scholarships to ensure the education of young people in vulnerable situations. Todos Sembramos Café We continued our support for coffee growers in Chiapas through this program, whose name means “We all plant coffee,” providing them with 369,00 plants in 2015, equivalent to 120 hectares of crops replaced. 71 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEA2015 Initiatives Community Support Commission Va por mi cuenta 2,000 kids 1 new dining room 2 extensions Emergency/Natural Disaster Support 528 basic supply packages delivered 200 cleaning kits delivered 2 charitable support cases Social investment projects USD 300,381 invested 1,044 people benefited Goals 2016 • Continue pursuing the 2015 programs. • Promote the “Va por mi Cuenta” campaign. • Coordinate the Emergency/Natural Disaster Support program. • Promote Latin American social investment projects (Fund for Opportunities and Employability). • Launch of the corporate Va por mi Cuenta volunteering program. 73 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEA06. Responsible consumption We contribute to the welfare of the community and encourage better nutrition in balanced lifestyles, building awareness among our employees and customers and exceeding legal requirements in favor of our customers. 75 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAWe are convinced that balanced lifestyles, which include the pleasure of eating good food and beverages, and being together with people who are important to us, combined with proper hydration and physical activity, are indispensable for well-rounded wellness. Our primary objectives are: • Activate Alsea’s stance and that of its brands toward three basic pillars: product, physical activity and communication. • Build awareness within the company through workshops and active follow-up on legislative matters and guidelines. • Build awareness outside the company by organizing and advertising activities. • Build up our corporate reputation through execution of our public relations strategy and cooperation with key institutions. G4-PR1, PR3 To meet these goals, we have a variety of initiatives, the results of which are shown below:: • Update the Alsea Nutritional Index by 60%. • Continue promoting balanced life styles by designing content with a scope of 75% from Alsea. • Work on the process of validating and communicating with regulators (approved). • Training operating personnel on the rights and obligations of the consumer and the seller, through corporate training. • Work with procurement on aspects of social responsibility and nutritional transparency (we already have approval of criteria and percentage of supplier coverage). • Mapping institutional relations . information In line with our strategy of encouraging responsible consumption, we guarantee that all our products and services meet national transparency standards with regard to the information we provide for our customers on quality and food safety. We also meet the requirements of our international customers by providing them quality products and services and making sure the new businesses we acquire operate in a manner consistent with our quality standards and the regulations on information regarding each product, standardizing it with suppliers and affiliate businesses. In 2015, we had some challenges, like modifying the labeling on all our products in order to comply with Mexican Official Standard (NOM) 051 and following up on this process with the authorities. On this basis, we obtained a 95% compliance in labeling based on this standard and notified the authorities of the estimated date for compliance with the last 5%, along with the mapping and documentation about the procedure for preparing, approving and managing labels. The process of creating labels and preparing products involves various areas, like Quality Assurance, new Product Development, Regulatory Affairs, Marketing and Legal. All of them are key to the product development. Every label goes through a process of verification and approval by the team in charge, while the procedures, formats and specifications of ingredients and finished product are reviewed and updated every quarter. If necessary, we set up visits and meetings with the health authorities to review our compliance with food quality standards. The information detailed on the labels of all our products considered pre-packaged products include the origin of the product components, the content, product safety instructions and elimination method. 2016 Goals: • Creating a plan of action to bring the Alsea Nutritional Index to 85%. • Achieve a 100% Alsea scope in promoting balanced life styles, distributing content online and in print media and learning about our customers’ perceptions. • Implement the process of validating and communicating with regulators. • Train 85% of operating personnel on the rights and obligations of the consumer and the seller, through e-learning. • Quantify the basis and objectives of the work with procurement on aspects of social responsibility and nutritional transparency. • Recommendations based on the mapping of institutional relations. 77 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spirits ALSEAValue Chain in Mexico G4-12, LA14, HR10 PROCUREMENT PRACTICES At Alsea, we try to influence our value chain in order to replicate best social responsibility practices. To this end, we base our procurement process on our purchasing policy, which establishes in a clear and transparent manner the fair approach we take with our suppliers, and the quality and price standards we expect them to meet. Along the same lines, as part of our purchasing policy we introduced a “letter of laws and ordinances,” a document that is used in registering a supplier of Alsea and its brands, which provides a blanket protection for Alsea in terms of requirements for commercial relations with vendors in Mexico, covering a variety of issues such as human rights, labor practices, and others. Also in 2015, we updated the purchasing files based on a policy of supplier rights and obligations, and were able to increase the total number of social responsibility letters signed by current suppliers by 40%, to a total of 553. We are currently in the process of identifying and establishing key indicators for evaluating our suppliers’ performance and areas of opportunity in training and other processes they must complete. In case this process revealed some negative impacts or risks in our company’s supply chain, so we conducted a commercial audit to review the information that had been included in the signed letter of laws and ordinances from the supplier, including audits to evaluate the quality of products delivered to our Distribution Centers. 144 new suppliers signed the letter of laws and ordinances during 2015 70% of our purchases are from local suppliers 79 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEA2016 Goals: • Make the laws and ordinances letter a formal part of the process of registering every supplier with Alsea. • Update 100% of the supplier acquisition files currently being negotiated in the Purchasing department. • Conduct commercial audits to check on the points indicated in the letters of laws and ordinances for 100% of new suppliers brought in by the Purchasing area. • Visit suppliers with negotiations pending with the area according to the work plan, beginning with an 80/20 based on purchasing volume. 2015 Initiatives Responsible Consumption Commission Updating Alsea’s Nutritional Index. Continuing to promote balanced lifestyles. Work on the process of validating and communicating with regulators. Training operating personnel on the rights and obligations of the consumer and the seller. Work with procurement on aspects of social responsibility and nutritional transparency. Mapping institutional relations. • Activate Alsea’s stance and that of its brands toward three basic Goals 2016 pillars: Product Physical activity Communication • Build awareness within the company Workshops Active follow-up on legislative matters • Build awareness outside the company Publicity and activities Spokespersons Partners and suppliers 81 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEA 07. Management Discussion and Analysis CONSOLIDATED RESULTS FOR FULL-YEAR YEAR 2015 The following table shows a condensed Income Statement in millions of pesos (except EPS). The margin for each item represents net sales, as well as the percentage change for the year ended December 31, 2015, in comparison with the same period of 2014: Net Sales Gross Income EBITDA(1) Operating Income Net Income EPS(2) 2015 Margin % 2014 Margin % Change % $32,288 100.0% $22,787 100.0% 22,139 4,302 2,354 $1,033 1.171 68.6% 13.3% 7.3% 3.2% N.A. 15,515 2,802 1,469 $624 0.847 68.1% 12.3% 6.4% 2.7% N.A. 41.7% 42.7% 53.5% 60.3% 65.5% 38.2% (1) EBITDA is defined as operating income before depreciation and amortization. (2) EPS is earnings per share for the last 12 months. SALES Net sales increased 41.7% to 32,288 million pesos in 2015, compared to 22,787 million pesos during the prior year. This increase was mainly due to the growth of 10.4% in same-store sales, revenues from the distribution and production segment, and to the increase of 122 corporate units, for a total of 2,283 corporate stores at the end of December 2015, which is growth of 5.6% over the same period of the prior year. This increase in sales was partially offset by the negative effect of inclusion of one additional week of operations in the prior year. 18% $32,288 $22,787 (0.5)% 0.6% 8% 7% 8% 2014 FX Supply SSS* Openings + Run rate Vips & El Portón Grupo Zena 2015 *The percentage of SSS contribution is the effect on the total revenue base. 83 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAThe business portfolio in Mexico reported a growth of 4.4% in same-store sales at the end of 2015, and our brands in South America presented growth of 25.5% in same-store sales, achieving a slightly below mid-single digit growth in transactions. Likewise, the brands acquired in Spain posted positive results in the year, with growth of 7.2% in same-store sales, in comparison with the same period of the prior year. EBITDA As a result of the 42.7% growth in gross income and the 40.3% increase in operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization), EBITDA rose 53.5% to 4,302 million pesos at the close of 2015, compared to 2,802 million pesos in the same period of the prior year. The 1.5-billion peso increase in EBITDA is mainly attributable to same-store sales growth, operating efficiencies, and the increase in the number of units and the positive contribution from incorporating the brands in Grupo Zena in Spain into our portfolio, as well as the Vips and El Portón brands in Mexico. That increase was partially offset by the impact on results due to depreciation of the Mexican peso against the dollar, the negative effect of inclusion of an additional week of operations in the previous year, and to a lesser extent to the devaluation of some currencies in Latin America. EBITDA margin increased 100 basis points as a percentage of sales, rising from 12.3% in 2014, to 13.3% in 2015. NET INCOME Net income in the year increased 409 million pesos over the same period in the prior year, closing at 1,033 million pesos, compared with 624 million pesos in the prior year, mainly due to the 885-million peso increase in operating income. This variation was partially offset by the increase of 365 million pesos in the all-in cost of financing, as a consequence of the negative variation attributable to the exchange-rate result for the period. This was mainly caused by revaluation of the liability related to the call and put options of the remaining 28.24% of Grupo Zena, due to depreciation of the Mexican peso against the euro, as well as to the increase of 125 million pesos in income tax. Earnings per share (“EPS”)(2) for the 12 months ended December 31, 2015, increased to 1.171 pesos, compared with 0.847 pesos for the 12 months ended December 31, 2014. Net Income 2015 vs. 2014 $624 (98)% 240% $1,033 (42)% (20)% (17)% (0.7)% 3% 2014 D&A All-in cost of financing Taxes PUT Associated Companies Discontinued Operations EBITDA 2015 RESULTS BY SEGMENT FOR FULL YEAR 2015 Alsea Mexico Food and Beverages Distribution and Production Total 2015 2014 Var. %Var. 2015 2014 Var. %Var. 2015 2014 Var. %Var. Same-Store Sales Number of Units Sales 4.4% (0.4) 480 pbs 2,092 1,999 93 18,672 15,591 $3,081 Adjusted EBITDA* 4,091 3,566 $526 Adjusted EBITDA Margin* 21.9% 22.9% (100)pbs - 5 20 15 - - - - - - - - - (0.4) 480 pbs 2,092 1,999 93 6,375 5,064 $1,310 26 19,896 16,699 $3,197 582 478 $105 22 4,674 4,043 $631 9.1% 9.4% (30)pbs - 23.5% 24.2% (70) bps - 5 20 16 - *Adjusted EBITDA does not include administrative expenses, thus it represents the “Store EBITDA.” Sales at Alsea Mexico during the year ended December 31, 2015, increased 19.1% to 19,896 million pesos, compared to 16,699 million pesos in the same period of 2014. This favorable variation of 3,197 million pesos is mainly attributable to the incorporation of 62 corporate units of the different brands over the last 12 months, the 4.4% growth in same-store sales, as well as the increase of 9.1% in sales to third parties in the distribution and production segment in comparison with 2014. This can be attributed to the growth in the number of units served over the last 12 months, supplying a total of 2,097 units at December 31, 2015, in comparison with 2,028 units for the same period in the previous year, which was a 3.4% increase. This increase was partially offset by the negative effect of inclusion of one additional week of operations in the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA increased 15.6% during the 12 months ended December 31, 2015, closing at 4,674 million pesos, compared with 4,043 million pesos reported in the same period of the prior year. This increase is attributable to the 4.4% growth in same-store sales, in addition to the margin created by the higher number of units in operation and to the business mix. The foregoing was partially offset by the impact from the devaluation of the peso against the dollar, as well as the difficult comparative basis of 2014, due to the margin created by the additional week of operations. 85 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEA Alsea South America Same-Store Sales Number of Units Sales Adjusted EBITDA* Adjusted EBITDA Margin* 2015 25.5% 395 $6,718 $1,021 15.2% 2014 20.0% 343 $4,621 $679 14.7% Var. %Var. 550 pbs 52 $2,097 $342 50 pbs - 15% 45% 50% - *Adjusted EBITDA does not include administrative expenses, thus it represents the “Store EBITDA.” Sales at Alsea South America represented 20.7% of Alsea’s consolidated sales, and at the end of the fourth quarter of 2015 included Burger King operations in Argentina, Chile and Colombia, Domino’s Pizza Colombia, Starbucks Argentina, Chile and Colombia, and P.F. Chang’s in Chile, Argentina, Colombia and Brazil. At the end of the period there were a total of 376 corporate units and 19 sub-franchised units. Sales in this segment increased 45.4% to 6,718 million pesos, in comparison with 4,621 million pesos in 2014. This positive variation of 2,097 million pesos was mainly due to the increase of 49 corporate units and 3 sub-franchised units, which variation was partially offset by the devaluation of the Colombian peso, which devalued 12.5% against the Mexican peso, as well as to the negative effect of including an additional week of operations in the previous year. Adjusted EBITDA at Alsea South America at the end of full year 2015 increased by 50.4%, closing at 1,021 million pesos, in comparison with 679 million pesos in the same period in 2014. EBITDA margin at the close of the year ended December 31, 2015 improved 50 basis points over the same period of the prior year. That increase is partially attributable to the economies of scale arising from the aforementioned increase in number of corporate units. This variation was partially offset due to the effect of the devaluation of the Colombian currency, as well as to the difficult comparative basis of 2014, as a result of the margin generated by the additional week of operations. Alsea Spain Same-Store Sales Number of Units Sales Adjusted EBITDA* Adjusted EBITDA Margin* 2015 7.2% 467 $5,674 $1,082 19.1% *Adjusted EBITDA does not include administrative expenses, thus it represents the “Store EBITDA.” Sales at Alsea Spain in 2015 represented 17.8% of Alsea’s consolidated sales, and at the end of 2015 included the operations of Foster’s Hollywood, Domino’s Pizza, Burger King, La Vaca Argentina, Cañas y Tapas and Il Tempietto. At the end of the period there were a total of 313 corporate units and 154 sub-franchised units. Adjusted EBITDA for Alsea Spain at the end of full year 2015 was 1,082 million pesos, which was a margin of 19.1% NON-OPERATING RESULTS All-In Cost of Financing The all-in cost of financing in the fourth quarter of 2015 increased to 187 million pesos, compared with 145 million pesos in the same period of the prior year. That variation is mainly attributable to exchange rate losses during the period, which was caused mainly by the revaluation of the liability related to the call and put options of the remaining 28.24% of Grupo Zena, due to depreciation of the Mexican peso against the euro in the fourth quarter of the year, as well as the revaluation of accounts payable in dollars as a consequence of depreciation of the Mexican peso against the dollar. BALANCE SHEET During the 12 months ended December 31, 2015, Alsea made capital investments of 3,439 million pesos, of which 2,316 million pesos, equal to 67% of total investments, were earmarked for store openings, equipment refurbishing and remodeling existing stores for the different brands that the Company operates. The remaining 1,123 million pesos were mainly earmarked for the acquisition of new corporate offices, to improvement and logistics projects, and to software licenses, among other items. Other Long-Term Liabilities The Other Long-Term Liabilities account increased 107 million pesos, due to recognition of the liability related to the call and put options that were agreed with Britania Investments, S.A.R.L. (“Alia”), the local partner of Grupo Zena, for its entire stake in the company of 28.24%. Bank Debt and Fixed-Rate Bonds As of December 31, 2015, Alsea’s total bank debt had increased by 994 million pesos, closing at 12,233 million pesos, in comparison with 11,239 million pesos on the same date of the previous year. The Company’s consolidated net debt in comparison with the close of 2014 increased 911 million pesos, closing on December 31, 2015 at 11,038 million pesos, in comparison with 10,126 million pesos. As of December 31, 2015, 94% of the debt was long term, and on that same date 82% of the debt was denominated in Mexican pesos, 17% was in euros, and the remaining 1% was in Argentine and Chilean pesos. 87 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAThe following table shows the balance of total debt in millions of pesos at December 31, 2015, as well as the maturity dates for the subsequent years: Balance 4T 15 2016 Total Debt $12,233 $1,005 Maturities % 8 2017 $829 % 7 2018 % 2019 % 2020 % 2025 $2,974 24 $2,392 20 $4,033 33 $1,000 % 8 The following table shows the balance and structure of total debt in millions of pesos at December 31, 2014 INSTITUTION Bank of America SOCOTIABANK BANK OF TOKYO BANK OF TOKYO SCOTIABANK SCOTIABANK CEBUR ALSEA´13 CEBUR ALSEA´15 CEBUR ALSEA´15 Argentina Chile ZENA ESPAÑA TASA REF. 6.11% TIIE 28 D TIIE 28 D TIIE 28 D TIIE 28 D TIIE 28 D TIIE 28 D TIIE 28 D 8.07% 24.72% 1.36% 3.00% SPREAD MATURITIES DATE NA 1.18% 0.75% 0.75% 0.90% 0.80% BANK DEBT 0.75% 1.10% NA BOND DEBT NA NA NA TOTAL LATIN AMERICA AND SPAIN TOTAL DEBT 18-sep-19 08-jul-19 20-mar-17 20-mar-17 30-sep-19 07-jul-19 14-jun-18 20-mar-20 14-mar-25 31-dic-20 Dic 2015 1,000,000 887,604 399,250 350,000 270,000 700,000 3,606,854 2,493,909 2,985,886 1,000,000 6,479,795 49,762 69,777 2,027,153 2,146,692 12,233,341 Shares Repurchase Program At year ended, Alsea closed with a balance of 1,092, 281 shares in the repurchase fund. During the 12 months ended December 31, 2015, the Company conducted purchase and sale operations amounting approximately to 179 million pesos. Financial Ratios At December 31, 2015, the financial restrictions established in the Company’s credit contracts were as follows: The ratio of: (i) Total Debt to EBITDA (last 12 months) was 2.8x; (ii) Net Debt to EBITDA (last 12 months) was 2.6x; and (iii) EBITDA (last 12 months) to interest paid over the last 12 months was 6.1x. The Return on Net Invested Capital (“ROIC”)(2) increased from 8.0% to 9.3% during the 12 months ended December 31, 2015. The Return on Equity (“ROE”)(3) for the 12 months ended December 31, 2015 was 10.4%, in comparison with 7.5% in the same period of the prior year. KEY INFORMATION Financial Indicators EBITDA(1) / Interest Paid Total Debt / EBITDA(1) Net Debt / EBITDA(1) ROIC (2) ROE (3) Stock market Indicators EPS (12 months) (4) Shares in circulation at the close of the period (millions) Price per share at close 4Q15 6.1 x 2.8 x 2.6 x 9.3% 10.4% 4Q15 1.171 837.5 $59.85 4Q14 6.2 x 3.3 x 2.9 x 8.0% 7.5% 4T14 0.847 837.6 $40.77 Variation N.A N.A N.A 130 pbs 290 pbs Variation 38.2% - 46.8% (1) EBITDA ppro forma for the last 12 months (2) ROIC is defined as operating income after taxes (last 12 months) by net operating investment (total assets – cash and short-term investments – no-cost liabilities). (3) ROE is defined as net earnings (last 12 months) over shareholders’ equity. (4) EPS is earnings per share for the last 12 months. Hedge Profile The Finance Direction, joint with the Treasury Management, shall manage risks seeking to: mitigate present and future risks; not deviate resources from the operation and the expansion plan and hold the certainty of the Company’s future flows, along with a strategy regarding the debt’s cost. All instruments will only be used for hedging purposes. During 2015 hedge derivatives in foreign exchange matured for $135.0 million dollars, at an average exchange rate of 15.72 pesos per dollar. This hedging resulted in an exchange rate profit of $26.8 million Mexican pesos. At December 31, 2015 Alsea holds hedges to purchase US dollars in the next 12 months for an approximate amount of $28 million US dollars, at an average exchange rate of 16.26 pesos per dollar. The foregoing is estimated at an average exchange rate of 16.50 pesos per dollar. 89 2015 Annual ReportStirring people’s spiritsALSEAAlsea, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, and Independent Auditors’ Report Dated March 31, 2016 Alsea, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, and Independent Auditors’ Report Dated March 31, 2016 Contents Auditors’ Report Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Consolidated Statements of Income Consolidated Statements of Other Comprehensive Income Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Page 92 94 96 97 98 100 102 3 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEAIndependent Auditors’ Report to the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Alsea, S.A.B. de C.V. We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Alsea, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries (the Entity), which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, and the consolidated statements of income, other comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information. Management’s responsibility for the consolidated financial statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Auditors’ responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the Entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion. Opinion In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Alsea, S.A.B. de C. V. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, and their financial performance and their cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S. C. Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited C. P. C. Francisco Torres Uruchurtu March 31, 2016 5 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEAAlsea, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Financial Position At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (Figures in thousands of Mexican pesos) Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Customers, net Value-added tax and other recoverable taxes Other accounts receivable Inventories, net Advance payments Total current assets Long-term assets Guarantee deposits Investment in shares of associated companies Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property, net Intangible assets, net Deferred income taxes Total long-term assets Total assets Notes 2015 2014 (As adjusted) 2013 (As adjusted) 6 7 8 9 14 10 11 y 16 20 $ 1,195,814 $ 1,112,850 $ 639,943 205,453 264,910 1,377,981 322,386 4,006,487 384,328 922,962 11,137,776 14,691,004 1,710,943 28,847,013 673,749 218,301 221,794 1,055,174 503,219 3,785,087 291,139 829,824 10,021,037 14,623,621 1,320,881 27,086,502 663,270 360,104 369,350 268,714 641,880 304,323 2,607,641 128,108 788,665 4,764,397 3,386,043 760,782 9,827,995 $ 32,853,500 $ 30,871,589 $ 12,435,636 Liabilities and stockholders’ equity Notes 2015 2014 (As adjusted) 2013 (As adjusted) Current liabilities Current maturities of long-term debt Current maturities of financial lease liabilities Suppliers Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Accrued expenses and employee benefits Income taxes Taxes arising from tax consolidation Total current liabilities Long-term liabilities Long-term debt, not including current maturities Non-current financial lease liabilities Obligation under put option of non-controlling interest Debt instruments Other liabilities Taxes arising from tax consolidation Deferred income taxes Employee retirement benefits Total long-term liabilities Total liabilities Stockholders’ equity Capital stock Premium on share issue Retained earnings Reserve for repurchase of shares 17 12 20 17 12 19 18 20 20 21 23 Reserve for obligation under put option of non-controlling interest 19 y 23 Other comprehensive income items Stockholders’ equity attributable to the controlling interest Non-controlling interest Total stockholders’ equity 24 $ 734,824 $ 1,377,157 $ 388,486 7,190 3,013,091 635,802 1,713,496 139,118 31,893 6,275,414 5,018,722 307,140 2,777,328 6,479,795 73,272 39,755 1,925,337 108,586 16,729,935 23,005,349 478,203 8,613,587 2,748,469 517,629 (2,673,053) (736,604) 8,948,231 899,920 9,848,151 7,878 2,694,015 601,854 1,292,606 232,780 38,983 6,245,273 7,370,666 314,342 2,673,053 2,491,356 69,035 70,093 1,944,053 102,545 15,035,143 21,280,416 478,271 8,613,587 2,187,327 531,406 (2,673,053) (379,578) 8,757,960 833,213 9,591,173 - 1,408,565 197,709 730,727 360,947 10,111 3,096,545 2,166,281 - - 2,488,850 64,722 15,923 19,500 72,884 4,828,160 7,924,705 403,339 2,037,390 1,512,464 569,271 - (251,037) 4,271,427 239,504 4,510,931 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 32,853,500 $ 30,871,589 $ 12,435,636 See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Mr. Alberto Torrado Martínez General Director Mr. Diego Gaxiola Cuevas Administration and Financial Director Mr. Alejandro Villarruel Morales Corporate Controller 7 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEAAlsea, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Income For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (Figures in thousands of Mexican pesos) Continuing operations Net sales Cost of sales Leases Depreciation and amortization Other operating costs and expenses Other expenses (income), net Interest income Interest expenses Changes in the fair value of financial instruments Exchange loss (gain), net Equity in results of associated companies Income before income taxes Income tax expense Consolidated net income from continuing operations Discontinued operations: Loss from discontinued operations - net of income taxes Consolidated net income Net income for the year attributable to: Controlling interest Non-controlling interest Earnings per share: Basic and diluted net earnings per share from continuing and discontinued operations (cents per share) Basic and diluted net earnings per share from continuing operations (cents per share) See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Note 2015 2014 2013 26 $ 32,288,376 $ 22,787,368 $ 15,697,714 10,149,276 2,851,083 1,947,897 14,930,621 55,666 (30,512) 710,901 104,275 74,202 1,494,967 27,703 1,522,670 489,919 1,032,751 - 1,032,751 981,215 51,536 1.17 1.17 28 19 14 20 25 25 $ $ $ $ $ 7,272,274 1,805,853 1,333,320 10,705,673 201,731 (33,257) 527,281 - (562) 975,055 32,253 1,007,308 364,593 642,715 (18,621) 624,094 666,666 $ $ (42,572) $ 0.85 0.87 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 5,220,825 1,257,559 920,355 7,202,075 (22,651) (39,044) 241,389 - 8,125 909,081 43,582 952,663 284,867 667,796 (4,476) 663,320 681,014 (17,694) 0.99 0.99 Mr. Alberto Torrado Martínez General Director Mr. Diego Gaxiola Cuevas Administration and Financial Director Mr. Alejandro Villarruel Morales Corporate Controller Alsea, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Other Comprehensive Income For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (Figures in thousands of Mexican pesos) Consolidated net income Items that may be reclassified subsequently to income: 2015 2014 (As adjusted) 2013 (As adjusted) $ 1,032,751 $ 624,094 $ 663,320 Valuation of financial instruments, net of income taxes (80,460) (7,242) - Exchange difference on translating foreign operations, net of income taxes Total comprehensive income for the period, net of income taxes Comprehensive income (loss) for the year attributable to: Controlling interest Non-controlling interest See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. (276,566) (357,026) (121,299) (128,541) (164,487) (164,487) 675,725 $ 495,553 $ 498,833 624,189 51,536 $ $ 538,125 (42,572) $ $ 516,527 (17,694) $ $ $ Mr. Alberto Torrado Martínez General Director Mr. Diego Gaxiola Cuevas Administration and Financial Director Mr. Alejandro Villarruel Morales Corporate Controller 9 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA Alsea, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (Figures in thousands of Mexican pesos) Contributed capital Retained earnings Capital stock Premium on issuance of share Repurchased shares Reserve for repurchase of shares Reserve for obligation under put option of non-controlling interest Legal reserve Retained earnings Other comprehensive income items Valuation of financial instruments Effect of translation of foreign operations Total controlling interest Non- controlling interest Total stockholders’ equity Balances as of January 1, 2013 $ 403,339 $ 2,466,822 $ - $ 564,201 $ - $ 100,736 $ 1,072,957 $ (797) $ (86,550) $ 4,520,708 $ 308,189 $ 4,828,897 Repurchase of shares (note 23a) Sales of shares (note 23a) Purchase of non-controlling (24a) - - - (1,011) (67,927) - - - - - (68,938) - (68,938) - 1,011 72,997 - - - - - 74,008 - 74,008 - (429,262) - - - - - - - (429,262) (28,020) (457,282) Dividends paid (note 23a) - - - - - - (343,880) - - (343,880) (30,600) (374,480) Other movements (note 24a) - (170) - - - - 1,637 797 - 2,264 - 2,264 Valuation adjustment (note 2b) - - - - - - - - - - 7,629 7,629 Comprehensive income - - - - - - 681,014 - (164,487) 516,527 (17,694) 498,833 Balances at December 31, 2013 as adjusted 403,339 2,037,390 - 569,271 - 100,736 1,411,728 - (251,037) 4,271,427 239,504 4,510,931 Repurchase of shares (note 23a) - - (498) (39,566) - - - - - (40,064) - (40,064) Sales of shares (note 23a) - - 20 1,701 - - - - - 1,721 - 1,721 Placement of shares, net of issuance expenses (note 1c and 23a) Business acquisitions and obligation under put option of non-controlling (note 19 and 24a) 75,410 6,576,197 - - - - - - - 6,651,607 - 6,651,607 - - - - (2,673,053) - - - - (2,673,053) 736,456 (1,936,597) Valuation adjustment (note 2a) - - - - - - - - - - (101,520) (101,520) Other movements (note 24a) - - - - - - 8,197 - - 8,197 1,345 9,542 Comprehensive income - - - - - - 666,666 (7,242) (121,299) 538,125 (42,572) 495,553 Contributed capital Retained earnings Capital stock Premium on issuance of share Repurchased shares Reserve for repurchase of shares Reserve for obligation under put option of non-controlling interest Legal reserve Retained earnings Other comprehensive income items Valuation of financial instruments Effect of translation of foreign operations Total controlling interest Non- controlling interest Total stockholders’ equity Balances at December 31, 2014 478,749 8,613,587 (478) 531,406 (2,673,053) 100,736 2,086,591 (7,242) (372,336) 8,757,960 833,213 9,591,173 Repurchase of shares (note 23a) - - (965) (93,422) - - - - - (94,387) - (94,387) Sales of shares (note 23a) - - 897 79,645 - - - - - 80,542 - 80,542 Dividend paid - - - - - - (419,173) - - (419,173) - (419,173) Business acquisitions and obligation under put option of non-controlling (note 24a) - - - - - - (900) - - (900) 5,015 4,115 Other movements - - - - - - - - - - 10,156 10,156 Comprehensive income - - - - - - 981,215 (80,460) (276,566) 624,189 51,536 675,725 Balances at December 31, 2015 $ 478,749 $ 8,613,587 $ (546) $ 517,629 $ (2,673,053) $ 100,736 $ 2,647,733 $ (87,702) $ (648,902) $ 8,948,231 $ 899,920 $ 9,848,151 See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Mr. Alberto Torrado Martínez General Director Mr. Diego Gaxiola Cuevas Administration and Financial Director Mr. Alejandro Villarruel Morales Corporate Controller 11 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA Alsea, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (Figures in thousands of Mexican pesos) Operating activities: Consolidated net income Adjustment for: Income taxes Equity in results of associated companies Interest expense Interest income Disposal of store equipment and property Provisions Discontinued operations Income from revaluation of financial liabilities (option) Depreciation and amortization Changes in working capital Customers Other accounts receivable Inventories Advance payments Guarantee deposits Suppliers Taxes paid Other liabilities Labor obligations Discontinued operations Net cash flows provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Interest collected Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property Intangible assets Acquisitions of business, net of cash acquired Net cash flows used in investing activities See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 1 y 16 Note 2015 2014 2013 1,032,751 $ 642,715 $ 667,796 489,919 (27,703) 710,901 (30,512) 162,734 285,807 - 104,275 1,947,897 4,676,069 18,847 (48,207) (352,815) 3,932 - 344,836 (818,934) (93,336) 6,041 - 3,736,433 30,512 (2,984,818) (411,472) - (3,365,778) 364,593 (32,253) 527,281 (33,257) 60,418 512,160 3,219 - 1,333,320 3,378,196 (188,430) (23,803) (159,470) (270,678) - 259,932 (384,787) (240,515) (5,240) (21,840) 2,343,365 33,257 (1,996,173) (393,984) (9,816,311) (12,173,211) 284,867 (43,582) 241,389 (39,044) 24,386 68,993 1,710 - 923,121 2,129,636 (15,629) (84,317) (82,506) (102,645) (18,088) 264,222 (456,397) (41,453) 21,674 (6,186) 1,608,311 39,044 (1,127,548) (339,428) (1,764,508) (3,192,440) Cash flows from financing activities: Bank loans Repayments of loans Repayments of financial leases Issuance of debt instruments Increase in capital stock from placement of shares, net of premium and issuance expenses Interest paid Dividends paid Acquisition of non-controlling interest Repurchase of shares Sales of shares Nota 2015 2014 2013 22 4,272,000 $ 12,230,892 $ 2,538,686 (7,389,420) (8,042,822) (2,449,815) 1 y 18 24 (7,890) 4,000,000 - (710,901) (419,173) (27,265) (94,387) 80,542 (9,679) - 6,651,607 (527,281) - - (40,064) 1,721 - 2,488,850 - (241,389) (343,880) (683,441) (67,927) 72,997 Net cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities (296,494) 10,264,374 1,314,081 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 74,161 434,528 (270,048) Exchange effects on value of cash 8,803 15,052 724 Cash and cash equivalents: At the beginning of the year At end of year See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 1,112,850 1,195,814 $ 663,270 1,112,850 932,594 663,270 Mr. Alberto Torrado Martínez General Director Mr. Diego Gaxiola Cuevas Administration and Financial Director Mr. Alejandro Villarruel Morales Corporate Controller 13 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEAAlsea, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (Figures in thousands of Mexican pesos) 1. ACTIVITY, MAIN OPERATIONS AND SIGNIFICANT EVENTS Alsea, S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries (Alsea or the Entity) was incorporated as a variable income stock company on May 16, 1997 in Mexico. The Entity’s domicile is Paseo de la Reforma No. 222, tercer piso, Col. Juárez, Delegación Cuauhtémoc C.P. 06600, México, D.F. The Entity was incorporated for a period of 99 years, beginning on the date in which the deed was signed, which was April 7, 1997. For disclosure purposes in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, reference made to pesos, “$” or MXP is for thousands of Mexican pesos, and reference made to dollars is for US dollars. Operations Alsea is mainly engaged in operating fast food restaurants “QSR” cafes and casual dining “Casual Dining”. The brands operated in Mexico are Domino’s Pizza, Starbucks, Burger King, Chili’s Grill & Bar, California Pizza Kitchen, P.F. Chang’s, Italianni’s, The Cheese Cake Factory, VIPS and Porton. In order to operate its multi-units, the Entity has the support of its shared service center, which includes the supply chain through Distribuidora e Importadora Alsea, S.A. de C.V. (DIA), real property and development services, as well as administrative services (financial, human resources and technology). The Entity operates the Burger King, P.F. Chang’s and Starbucks brands in Chile and Argentina. In Colombia, Alsea operates the Domino’s Pizza, Burger King, Starbucks and P.F. Chang’s brands. Starting in 2014, the P.F. Chang’s brands operates in Brazil. As mentioned below, starting October 2014, Alsea operates in Spain the brands Foster’s Hollywood, Cañas y Tapas, Il Tempietto, La Vaca Argentina, Burger King and Domino’s Pizza. Significant events a. Placement of debt instruments - In March 2015, Alsea concluded the placement of debt instruments worth $3,000,000, maturing in March 2020, and bear interest at the 28-day TIIE rate (Mexican Interbank Offering rate) plus 1.10 percentage points; and other the placement of debt instrument worth $1,000,000, maturing in March 2025, bearing interest at a fixed rate of 8.07%; this placement received a rating of “A+” for local currency debt by Fitch Rating & HR Ratings. In June 2013, Alsea concluded the placement of debt instruments worth $2,500,000. Those debt instruments are for a five-year term, maturing in June 2018, and bear interest at the 28-day TIIE rate (Mexican Interbank Offering rate) plus 0.75 percentage points. This is the first issuance under the debt instrument program, which was approved on April 25, 2013 by the Board of Directors for issuances up to $3,500,000. b. Acquisition of the non-controlling interest of Grupo Amigos de San Angel - In July 2015, Alsea completed the acquisition of the remaining 10.23% of Grupo Amigos de San Angel S.A. de C.V. (“GASA”); the company owns 29 Italianni’s units. Since February 2012, Alsea maintained 89.77% of the shares of GASA. (see effects in note 24b) c. Primary offering to subscribe and pay shares for the amount of $5,999,999 - In June 2014, Alsea made a share placement of $5,999,999 on the Mexican and international markets (without considering an overallotment option for the total amount of $6,899,999). In Mexico, the offering amount is up to $2,881,043, while the international offering amount is up to $3,118,956. The global offering was made for 131,147,540 shares (without considering the overallotment option of 150,819,671 shares); a total of 62,973,627 shares were placed in Mexico, together with 68,173,913 shares on the international market. The placement price was $45.75 per share. Issuance expenses of $248,392 were incurred to make the public offering. d. Acquisition of VIPS - In September 2013, Alsea reached an agreement with Wal-Mart de México, S.A.B. de C.V. (Grupo Wal-Mart) to acquire 100% of VIPS, the Grupo Wal-Mart restaurant division, for a total of $8,200,000. On April 30, 2014, the regulatory authorities approved the transaction, becoming effective as of such date; Alsea consolidates the financial information of VIPS since such date. (see effects in note 15). VIPS’ operations include a total of 360 restaurants, of which 262 are of the “Vips” brand, 90 are of the “El Portón” brand, 6 are of the “Ragazzi” brand and two are of the “La Finca” brand. Those operations also include: I) the rights to intellectual property over the four brands, menus, development of the product, operating processes and other items; II) the acquisition of 18 real property assets; III) the buildings which total 214 units; and IV) an administrative office dedicated to the standardization of products, bulk purchases, the centralization of deliveries by suppliers and the production of desserts, sauces and food dressings. The transaction included the acquisition of Operadora VIPS, S. de R.L. de C.V. (OVI) and Arrendadora de Restaurantes, S. de R.L. de C.V. (ARE), as well as the transfer of personnel who provide services to VIPS and that at the date of the transaction worked in different Grupo Wal-Mart service companies; the transfer became effective in August 2013 and the personnel were transferred to Servicios Ejecutivos de Restaurantes, S. de R.L. de C.V. (SER) and Holding de Restaurantes, S. de R.L. de C.V. (HRE), which are newly created companies. e. Acquisition of Grupo Zena.- In August 2014, Alsea reached an agreement with the Food Service Group, S.A. and Tuera 16, S.A. , S.C.R., incorporated in Luxemburgo and Spain, respectively, to acquire 71.76% of the capital stock of the entity Food Service Project, S.L. (“FSP”), incorporated in Spain and which is denominated, together with its subsidiaries “Grupo Zena”, and which is engaged in the operation of restaurants of the brands “Foster’s Hollywood”, “Cañas y Tapas”, “Il Tempietto”, “La Vaca Argentina”, “Burger King” and “Domino’s Pizza”, for a total of 107,445 Euros (equivalent to $1,934,023) (“Acquisition Price”). Alsea consolidates the financial information of Grupo Zena beginning in October 2014, date in which the transaction was formalized. (see effects in note 15) Grupo Zena’s operations include a total of 427 restaurant, of which 195 are of the “Foster’s Hollywood” brand, 127 are of the “Domino’s Pizza” brand, 60 are of the “Burger King” brand, 13 are of the “La Vaca Argentina” brand, 21 are of the “Cañas y Tapas” brand and 11 are of the “Il Tempietto” brand. Also, Grupo Zena has given two subfranchises of the Domino’s brand, 122 subfranchises of the Foster’s Hollywood brand, 13 subfranchises of the Cañas y Tapas brand, and 6 subfranchises of the Il Tempietto brand to another parties. f. Acquisition of Starbucks operations in Mexico, Chile and Argentina.- As part of its expansion plan, in July 2013, Alsea entered into an agreement to acquire 100% of the operations of the Starbucks coffee chain in Chile and Argentina. Such acquisition resulted in Alsea acquiring the remaining 82% of Starbucks Coffee Chile and the remaining 18% of Starbucks Coffee Argentina. With such acquisition, Alsea will control the 94 Starbucks stores in Argentina and the 81 stores in Chile (see note 15 and 24). In September 2013, Alsea finalized the acquisition of the remaining shares of Starbucks Coffee Chile, S.A. de C.V., as from which date it has consolidated the financial information. 15 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA Additionally, in April 2013, Alsea acquired from Starbucks Coffee International (“SCI”, an affiliate of the Starbucks Coffee Company) the remaining 18% of Café Sirena, S.A. de C.V. (Café Sirena), a subsidiary created by both entities in Mexico. As a result of that acquisition, Alsea will control 100% of operations in Mexico (see note 24). Additionally, Alsea committed to a new openings plan that contemplates approximately 50 units per year over the next five years. The parties agreed to review continuity of a contractual expansion plan after that period has elapsed. In June 2013, SCI signed an agreement to develop the brand in the Colombian market through an association between Alsea (70%) and Nutressa (a Colombian company - 30%), whereby a commitment is made to open 51 stores in the following 5 years. g. Acquisition of 25% of Grupo Axo, S.A.P.I de C.V. - In June 2013, the Entity formalized the acquisition of 25% of the shares of Grupo Axo, S.A.P.I. de C.V. (Grupo Axo), a leader in sales of international brands of clothes, cosmetics and household appliances. Grupo Axo has more than 2,276 points of sale inside a number of department stores in Mexico. It has 116 of its own stores and it carries the following brands: Tommy Hilfiger, Coach, Guess, Rapsodia, Thomas Pink, Brooks Brothers, Marc Jacobs, Etro, Emporio Armani, Brunello Cucinelli, Theory, Kate Spade Express, Crate & Barrel, Chaps, Kate Spade, Victoria’s Secret Bath Accesories (VSBA), Loft, Abercrombie, Hollister, Bath & Body Works (BBW) and Promoda. (see note 14). h. Acquisition of the master franchise of Burger King in Mexico.- In April 2013, Alsea acquired the master franchise rights to the Burger King restaurants in México, S.A. de C.V. (“BKM”), pursuant to a strategic association agreement signed between Alsea and Burger King Worldwide Inc. (“BKW”). BKM, a subsidiary of BKW in Mexico was merged with Operadora de Franquicias Alsea S.A. de C.V. (“OFA”), a subsidiary of Alsea, a result of which Alsea holds an 80% stake in OFA with the remaining 20% held by BKW. The Entity’s management has assessed the terms of the above agreement and strategic partnership concluding that it continues to exercise control over OFA, both before and after the transaction, such that the financial information of BKM has been consolidated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, as from the closing date of transaction. Additionally, as part of the master plan for development of the franchise, Alsea committed to a plan for new openings that contemplates opening 175 units the next five years. The parties agreed to review the continuity of a contractual expansion plan after that period has elapsed (see accounting effects in note 15). i. Acquisition of the exclusive rights to develop the P.F. Chang´s China Bistro in Brazil - In January 2013, the Entity signed a Development and Operation agreement for the exclusive rights to develop the P.F. Chang’s China Bistro brand in Brazil. The agreement contemplates the opening of 30 units over the next 10 years. P.F. Chang’s is the leading brand in the Casual Asian Food segment in the US with more than 225 operating units. It currently has points of sale in Mexico, Puerto Rico, Canada, Kuwait, Beirut, Chile, Hawaii, the Philippines and the United Arab Emirates. In order to enter the Brazilian market with the P.F. Chang’s China Bistro brand, a development and expansion strategy has been designed based on the successful business model used to operate the brand portfolio in South America. That model has made it possible to position Alsea as the leading Casual and Fast-food operator in Latin America. With Brazil operations as the new path for growth, the Entity will work towards generating greater diversification and profitability of its portfolio. j. Signing of the exclusive rights to develop and operate the Cheesecake Factory® restaurants in Mexico - Alsea signed an agreement to the exclusive rights to develop and operate the The Cheesecake Factory® restaurants in Mexico and Chile, which also contemplates the option for Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Peru, thus becoming the strategic partner of the prestigious brand in the entire region. The agreement initially contemplates 12 openings between Mexico and Chile in the following eight years with 10-year agreements per restaurant, and the right to extend that period for an additional 10 years. The Cheesecake Factory® chain is considered the best seller per unit in its category. The brand focuses on providing customers with top quality products and services. Its operations include 200 restaurants under The Cheesecake Factory® brand in over 35 states of the US operating under a franchise license. 2. BASES FOR PRESENTATION a. Restatement of the consolidated financial statements 2014 During May and October 2015, the period allowed by IFRS 3, Business Combinations, for the valuation of the acquisitions of VIPS and Grupo Zena mentioned in note 1, respectively, ended. The final valuation resulted in changes to the preliminary accounting of such acquisitions; the changes are presented in note 15. Following is a summary of the effects of the adjustments to the consolidated statements of financial position: Concept Long-term assets: Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property, net Intangible assets Goodwill (included in intangible assets) Deferred income taxes Current liabilities: Accrued expenses and employee benefits Long-term liabilities: Deferred income taxes Stockholders’ equity: Other comprehensive income items Non-controlling interest Adjustments explanations: Figures previously reported Valuation adjustment Balance as of December 31, 2014 (As adjusted) $ $ $ $ 9,804,299 2,963,667 10,359,089 1,304,454 216,738 (1) 4,795,642 (1) (3,494,777) 16,427 (2) $ 10,021,037 7,759,309 6,864,312 1,320,881 24,431,509 $ 1,534,030 $ 25,965,539 1,269,734 $ 22,872 (1) 1,292,606 289,207 1,654,846 (2) 1,944,053 (337,410) 934,733 (42,168) (101,520) (1) (1) (379,578) 833,213 $ 2,156,264 $ 1,534,030 $ 3,690,294 (1) Related to the net effect of the valuation at fair value of the fixed assets, intangible assets and accrued expenses and employee benefits of Grupo Zena and VIPS, and the increase in the non-controlling interest of Grupo Zena. (see note 15). (2) Related to the effect in income taxes due to the increase in the fair value of fixed assets and intangible assets by $1,654,846, and the effect of the assets deferred tax pending register by $(16,427). (see note 15). 17 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA b. Restatement of the consolidated financial statements 2013 During April and August 2014, the period allowed by IFRS 3, Business Combinations, for the valuation of the acquisitions of Burger King Mexicana (BKM), and Starbucks Chile mentioned in note 1, respectively, ended. The final valuation resulted in changes to the preliminary accounting of such acquisitions; the changes are presented in note 15. Following is a summary of the effects of the adjustments to the consolidated statements of financial position: Concept Long-term assets: Figures previously reported Valuation adjustment Balance as of December 31, 2013 (As adjusted) Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property, net Intangible assets Goodwill (included in intangible assets) Deferred income taxes $ 4,610,942 $ 1,498,224 1,765,672 982,407 $ 153,455 650,296 (528,149) (221,625) (1) (1) (2) 4,764,397 2,148,520 1,237,523 760,782 Current liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Long-term liabilities: Deferred income taxes Stockholders’ equity: Non-controlling interest Adjustments explanations: $ 8,857,245 $ 53,976 $ 8,911,222 170,862 26,847 (1) 197,709 - 19,500 (2) 19,500 231,875 7,629 (1) 239,504 $ 402,736 $ 53,976 $ 456,713 (1) Related to the net effect of the valuation at fair value of the fixed assets, intangible assets and account payable, and the increase in the non-controlling interest of BKM. (see note 15). (2) Related to the effect in income taxes due to the increase in the fair value of fixed assets and intangible assets in the amount of $241,125, and the liability for deferred taxes which was presented net of the assets deferred tax in prior year for $(19,500). (see note 15) c. Application of new and revised International Financing Reporting Standards (“IFRSs” or “IAS”) and interpretations that are mandatorily effective for the current year In the current year, the Entity has applied a number of amendments to IFRSs and new Interpretation issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) that are mandatorily effective for an accounting period that begins on or after January 1, 2015. Amendments to IAS 19, Defined Benefit Plans: Employee Contributions The Entity has applied the amendments for the first time in the current year. Prior to the amendments, the Entity accounted for discretionary employee contributions to defined benefit plans as a reduction of the service cost when contributions were paid to the plans, and accounted for employee contributions specified in the defined benefit plans as a reduction of the service cost when services are rendered. The amendments require the Entity to account for employee contributions as follows: • Discretionary employee contributions are accounted for as reduction of the service cost upon payments to the plans. • Employee contributions specified in the defined benefit plans are accounted for as reduction of the service cost, only if such contributions are linked to services. Specifically, when the amount of such contribution depends on the number of years of service, the reduction to service cost is made by attributing the contributions to periods of service in the same manner as the benefit attribution. On the other hand, when such contributions are determined based on a fixed percentage of salary (i.e. independent of the number of years of service), the Entity recognizes the reduction in the service cost in the period in which the related services are rendered. These amendments have been applied retrospectively. The application of these amendments has had no material impact on the disclosures or the amounts recognized in the Entity’s consolidated financial statements. Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2010 - 2012 Cycle and 2011 – 2013 Cycle The Entity has applied the amendments to IFRSs included in the Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2010-2012 Cycle and 2011 – 2013 Cycle for the first time in the current year. One of the annual improvements requires entities to disclose judgments made by management in applying the aggregation criteria set out in paragraph 12 of IFRS 8 Operating Segments. The application of the other amendments has had no impact on the disclosures or amounts recognized in the Entity’s consolidated financial statements. d. New and revised IFRSs in issue but not yet effective The Entity has not applied the following new and revised IFRSs that have been issued but are not yet effective: IFRS 9 IFRS 15 Amendments to IFRS 11 Amendments to IAS 1 Amendments to IAS 16 and IAS 38 Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 28 Amendments to IFRSs Financial Instruments3 Revenue from Contracts with Customers1 Accounting for Acquisitions of Interests in Joint Operations2 Disclosure Initiative1 Clarification of Acceptable Methods of Depreciation and Amortization1 Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture1 Investment Entities: Applying the Consolidation Exception1 Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2012-2014 Cycle1 1 Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016, with earlier application permitted. 2 Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with earlier application permitted. The directors of the Entity do not anticipate that the application of these amendments will have a material effect on the Entity’s consolidated financial statements. 19 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES a. Statement of compliance The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards released by IASB. b. Basis of preparation The Entity’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments that are valued at fair value, as explained in further detail within the significant accounting policies. i. Historical cost Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services. ii. Fair value Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Entity takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these consolidated financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for share-based payment transactions that are within the scope of IFRS 2, leasing transactions that are within the scope of IAS 17, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realizable value in IAS 2 or value in use in IAS 36. In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows: • • • Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date; Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. c. Basis of consolidation of financial statements The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Entity and entities controlled by the Entity and its subsidiaries. Control is obtained when the Entity: • Has power over the investee; • • Has the ability to use its power to affect its returns. Is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and The Entity reassesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed above.  When the Entity has less than a majority of the voting rights of an investee, it has power over the investee when the voting rights are sufficient to give it the practical ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee unilaterally. The Entity considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether or not the Entity’s voting rights in an investee are sufficient to give it power, including: • The size of the Entity’s holding of voting rights relative to the size and dispersion of holdings of the other vote holders; • Potential voting rights held by the Entity, other vote holders or other parties; • Rights arising from other contractual arrangements; and • Any additional facts and circumstances that indicate that the Entity has, or does not have, the current ability to direct the relevant activities at the time that decisions need to be made, including voting patterns at previous shareholders’ meetings. Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Entity obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Entity loses control of the subsidiary. Specifically, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income from the date the Entity gains control until the date when the Entity ceases to control the subsidiary. Net income (loss) and each component of other comprehensive income are attributed to the owners of the Entity and to the non- controlling interests. Total comprehensive income of subsidiaries is attributed to the owners of the Entity and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance. When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with the Entity’s accounting policies. All intercompany balances and operations have been eliminated in the consolidation. Changes in the Entity’s ownership interests in existing subsidiaries Changes in the Entity’s ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in the Entity losing control over the subsidiaries are accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amounts of the Entity’s interests and the non- controlling interests are adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiaries. Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognized directly in equity and attributed to owners of the Entity. When the Entity loses control of a subsidiary, a gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss and is calculated as the difference between (i) the aggregate of the fair value of the consideration received and the fair value of any retained interest and (ii) the previous carrying amount of the assets (including goodwill), and liabilities of the subsidiary and any non-controlling interests. All amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to that subsidiary are accounted for as if the Entity had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities of the subsidiary (i.e. reclassified to profit or loss or transferred to another category of equity as specified/permitted by applicable IFRSs). The fair value of any investment retained in the former subsidiary at the date when control is lost is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition for subsequent accounting under IAS 39, when applicable, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associate or a joint venture. d. Financial instruments Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. 21 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognize immediately in profit or loss. e. Financial assets Financial assets are classified into the following specific categories: financial assets “at fair value through profit or loss” (FVTPL), “held-to-maturity” investments, “available-for-sale” (AFS) and financial assets and “loans and receivables”. The classification depends on the nature and purpose of the financial assets and is determined at the time of initial recognition. All regular purchases or sales of financial assets are recognized and derecognized on the trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace. 1. Effective interest method The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition. Income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as of FVTPL. 2. Financial assets at FVTPL Financial assets are classified as of FVTPL when the financial asset is (i) contingent consideration that may be paid by an acquirer as part of a business combination to which IFRS 3 applies, (ii) held for trading, or (iii) it is designated as of FVTPL A financial asset is classified as held for trading if: It has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or • • On initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Entity manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or It is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument • A financial asset other that a financial asset held for trading may be designated as of FVTPL upon initial recognition, if: • Such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise; or • The financial asset forms part of a group of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Entity’s documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis; or It forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and IAS 39 permits the entire combined contract to be designated as of FVTPL. • Financial assets at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognized in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognized in profit or loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the “other income and expenses” in the consolidated statements of income. 3. Loans and receivables Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not traded on an active market are classified as loans and receivables. Loans and receivables are valued at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less impairment identified. Interest income is recognized by applying the effective interest rate, except for short term receivables when the effect of discounting is immaterial. 4. Impairment of financial assets Financial assets, other than those at FVTPL, are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period. Financial assets are considered to be impaired when there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows of the investment have been affected. For all other financial assets, objective evidence of impairment could include: • Significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty; or • Breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments; or • It becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial re-organization; or • The disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties. For certain categories of financial assets, such as trade receivables, assets are assessed for impairment on a collective basis even if they were assessed not to be impaired individually. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Entity’s past experience of collecting payments, an increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period of 15 days, as well as observable changes in national or local economic conditions that correlate with default on receivables. For financial assets carried at amortized cost, the amount of the impairment loss recognized is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. For financial assets that are carried at cost, the amount of the impairment loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the current market rate of return for a similar financial asset. Such impairment loss will not be reversed in subsequent periods. The carrying amount of the financial asset is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with the exception of trade receivables, where the carrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. 23 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA  When a trade receivable is considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited against the allowance account. Changes in the carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in profit or loss. For financial assets measured at amortized cost, if, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the investment at the date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized. f. Inventories and cost of sales Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs of inventories are determined using the average cost method. Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated cost of completion and costs necessary to make the sale. Cost of sales represents the cost of inventories at the time of sale, increased, when applicable, by reductions in the value of inventory during the year to its net realizable value. The Entity records the necessary estimations to recognize reductions in the value of its inventories due to impairment, obsolescence, slow movement and other causes that indicate that utilization or realization of the items comprising the inventories will be below the recorded value. g. Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property are recorded at acquisition cost. Depreciation of store equipment, leasehold improvements and property is calculated by the straight line method, based on the useful lives estimated by the Entity’s management. Annual depreciation rates of the main groups of assets are as follows: Store equipment Transportation equipment Production equipment Buildings Leasehold improvements Computer equipment Office furniture and equipment Rates 5 al 30 25 10 al 20 5 7 al 20 30 10 Any significant components of store equipment, leasehold improvements and property that must be replaced periodically are depreciated as separate components of the asset and to the extent they are not fully depreciated at the time of their replacement, are written off by the Entity and replaced by the new component, considering its respective useful life and depreciation. Likewise, when major maintenance is performed, the cost is recognized as a replacement of a component provided that all recognition requirements are met. All other routine repair and maintenance costs are recorded as an expense in the period as they are incurred. Buildings, furniture and equipment held under finance leases are depreciated based on their estimated useful life as own assets. However, when there is no reasonable certainty that the property is obtained at the end of the lease term, the assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease life and life period. The Entity does not maintain a policy of selling fixed assets at the end of their useful lives. Instead, in order to protect its image and the Alsea brands, those assets are destroyed or in some cases sold as scrap. The use or lease of equipment outside the provisions of the franchise agreements is subject to sanctions. Additionally, given the high costs of maintenance or storage required, those assets are not used as spare parts for other brand stores. h. Advance payments Advance payments include advances for purchase of inventories, leasehold improvements and services that are received in the twelve months subsequent to the date of the consolidated statements of financial position and are incurred in the course of regular operations. i. Intangible assets 1. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination Intangible assets acquired in a business combination and recognized separately from goodwill are initially recognized at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost). Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately. Brands owned by Alsea included under intangibles assets are the following: Brand Foster’s Hollywood Cañas y Tapas La Vaca Argentina Il Tempietto VIPS El Portón La Finca Country Spain Spain Spain Spain Mexico Mexico Mexico Own brand Own brand Own brand Own brand Own brand Own brand Own brand 25 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA 2. Intangible assets acquired separately Other intangible assets represent payments made to third parties for the rights to use the brands with which the Entity operates its establishments under the respective franchise or association agreements. Amortization is calculated by the straight line method based on the use period of each brand, including renewals considered to be certain, which are generally for 10 to 20 years. The terms of brand rights are as follows: Brands Domino’s Pizza Starbucks Coffee Burger King Chili’s Grill & Bar California Pizza Kitchen P.F. Chang’s The Cheesecake Factory Italianni’s Country Mexico Colombia Spain (3) Mexico Argentina Colombia Chile Year of expiration 2025 2016 2018 2037 2027 2033 2027 Mexico, Argentina, Chile and Colombia Spain (3) Depending on opening dates Mexico Mexico Mexico (2) Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Colombia (2) 2018 2022 2019 2021 Mexico and Chile (2) Depending on opening dates Mexico (1) 2031 (1) The term for each store under this brand is 20 years as of the opening date, with the right to a 10 year extension. (2) The term for each store under this brand is 10 years as of the opening date, with the right to a 10 year extension. (3) Term of 10 years with the right to an extension. Domino’s Pizza Spain renew his contract in 2018, Burger King Spain is valid for 20 years. The Entity has affirmative and negative covenants under the aforementioned agreements, the most important of which are carrying out capital investments and opening establishments. At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Entity has fully complied with those obligations. Amortization of intangible assets is included in the depreciation and amortization accounts in the consolidated statements of income. An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized. j. Impairment in the value of long-lived assets, equipment, leasehold improvements, properties, and other intangible assets At the end of each reporting period, the Entity reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Entity estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease. The Entity performs impairment test annually to identify any indication. When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or cash generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase. k. Business combinations Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Entity, liabilities incurred by the Entity to the former owners of the acquire and the equity interests issued by the Entity in exchange for control of the acquire. Acquisition-related costs are generally recognized in profit or loss as incurred. 27 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognized at their fair value, except that: - Deferred tax assets or liabilities, and assets or liabilities related to employee benefit arrangements are recognized and measured in accordance with IAS 12 Income Taxes and IAS 19 Employee Benefit, respectively; - Liabilities or equity instruments related to share-based payment arrangements of the acquire or share-based payment arrangements of the Entity entered into to replace share-based payment arrangements of the acquire are measured in accordance with IFRS 2 at the acquisition date; - Assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5, Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations are measured in accordance with that standard. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquire, and the fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest in the acquire (if any) over the net of the acquisition- date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. If, after reassessment, the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquire and the fair value of the acquirer’s previously held interest in the acquire (if any), the excess is recognized immediately in profit or loss as a bargain purchase gain. Non-controlling interests that are present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of the entity’s net assets in the event of liquidation may be initially measured either at fair value or at the non-controlling interests’ proportionate share of the recognized amounts of the acquirer’s identifiable net assets. The choice of measurement basis is made on a transaction-by- transaction basis. Other types of non-controlling interests are measured at fair value or, when applicable, on the basis specified in another IFRS. When the consideration transferred by the Entity in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and included as part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding adjustments against goodwill. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the ‘measurement period’ (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. The subsequent accounting for changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that do not qualify as measurement period adjustments depends on how the contingent consideration is classified. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not remeasured at subsequent reporting dates and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. Contingent consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability is remeasured at subsequent reporting dates in accordance with IAS 39, or IAS 37, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, as appropriate, with the corresponding gain or loss being recognized in profit or loss. When a business combination is achieved in stages, the Entity’s previously held equity interest in the acquire is remeasured to its acquisition-date fair value and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognized in profit or loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquire prior to the acquisition date that have previously been recognized in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss where such treatment would be appropriate if that interest were disposed of. If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Entity reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period (see above), or additional assets or liabilities are recognized, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date. l. Goodwill Goodwill arising from an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the business less accumulated impairment losses, if any. For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Entity’s cash-generating units that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. A cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognized directly in profit or loss. An impairment loss recognized for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods. On disposal of the relevant cash-generating unit, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the profit or loss on disposal. m. Investment in associates An associate is an entity over which the Entity has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policies decisions of the investee, but is not control or joint control over those policies. A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the joint arrangement. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. The results and assets and liabilities of associates or joint ventures are incorporated in these consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting, except when the investment, or a portion thereof, is classified as held for sale, in which case it is accounted for in accordance with IFRS 5. Under the equity method, an investment in an associate or a joint venture is initially recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognize the Entity’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the associate or joint venture. When the Entity’s share of losses of an associate or a joint venture exceeds the Entity’s interest in that associate or joint venture (which includes any long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Entity’s net investment in the associate or joint venture), the Entity discontinues recognizing its share of further losses. Additional losses are recognized only to the extent that the Entity has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate or joint venture. 29 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA  When the Entity´s share of losses of an associate or join venture exceeds the Entity´s interest in that associate or joint venture (which includes any long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Entity´s net investment in the associate or joint venture), the Entity discontinues recognizing its share of further losses. Additional losses are recognized only to the extent that the Entity has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate or joint venture. An investment in an associate or a joint venture is accounted for using the equity method from the date on which the investee becomes an associate or a joint venture. On acquisition of the investment in an associate or a joint venture, any excess of the cost of the investment over the Entity’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of the investee is recognized as goodwill, which is included within the carrying amount of the investment. Any excess of the Entity’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities over the cost of the investment, after reassessment, is recognized immediately in profit or loss in the period in which the investment is acquired. The requirements of IAS 39 are applied to determine whether it is necessary to recognize any impairment loss with respect to the Entity’s investment in an associate or a joint venture. When necessary, the entire carrying amount of the investment (including goodwill) is tested for impairment in accordance with IAS 36, Impairment of Assets as a single asset by comparing its recoverable amount (higher of value in use and fair value less costs to sell) with its carrying amount. Any impairment loss recognized forms part of the carrying amount of the investment. Any reversal of that impairment loss is recognized in accordance with IAS 36 to the extent that the recoverable amount of the investment subsequently increases. The Entity discontinues the use of the equity method from the date when the investment ceases to be an associate or a joint venture, or when the investment is classified as held for sale. When the Entity retains an interest in the former associate or joint venture and the retained interest is a financial asset, the Entity measures the retained interest at fair value at that date and the fair value is regarded as its fair value on initial recognition in accordance with IAS 39. The difference between the carrying amount of the associate or joint venture at the date the equity method was discontinued, and the fair value of any retained interest and any proceeds from disposing of a part interest in the associate or joint venture is included in the determination of the gain or loss on disposal of the associate or joint venture. In addition, the Entity accounts for all amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to that associate or joint venture on the same basis as would be required if that associate or joint venture had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. Therefore, if a gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income by that associate or joint venture would be reclassified to profit or loss on the disposal of the related assets or liabilities, the Entity reclassifies the gain or loss from equity to profit or loss (as a reclassification adjustment) when the equity method is discontinued. The Entity continues to use the equity method when an investment in an associate becomes an investment in a joint venture or an investment in a joint venture becomes an investment in an associate. There is no remeasurement to fair value upon such changes in ownership interests. When the Entity reduces its ownership interest in an associate or a joint venture but the Entity continues to use the equity method, the Entity reclassifies to profit or loss the proportion of the gain or loss that had previously been recognized in other comprehensive income relating to that reduction in ownership interest if that gain or loss would be reclassified to profit or loss on the disposal of the related assets or liabilities. When a group entity transacts with an associate or a joint venture of the Entity, profits and losses resulting from the transactions with the associate or joint venture are recognized in the Entity’s consolidated financial statements only to the extent of interests in the associate or joint venture that are not related to the Entity. n. Leasing Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases. Assets held under finance leases are initially recognized as assets of the Entity at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the consolidated statements of financial position as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are apportioned between finance expenses and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance expenses are recognized immediately in profit or loss. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lessors of leased properties require deposits equivalent guarantee of 1 to 2 months’ rent. The deposits are classified as noncurrent. o. Foreign currency transactions In order to consolidate the financial statements of foreign operations carried out independently from the Entity (located in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Brazil and Spain), which comprise 38%, 27% and 27% of consolidated net income and 22%, 23% and 21% of the total consolidated assets at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, companies apply the policies followed by the Entity. The financial statements of consolidating foreign operations are converted to the reporting currency by initially identifying whether or not the functional and recording currency of foreign operations is different, and subsequently converting the functional currency to the reporting currency. The functional currency is equal to recording currency of foreign operations, but different to the reporting currency. In order to convert the financial statements of subsidiaries resident abroad from the functional currency to the reporting currency at the reporting date, the following steps are carried out: - Assets and liabilities, both monetary and non-monetary, are converted at the closing exchange rates in effect at the reporting date of each consolidated statements of financial position. - Income, cost and expense items of the consolidated statements of income are converted at the average exchange rates for the period, unless those exchange rates will fluctuate significantly over the year, in which case operations are converted at the exchange rates prevailing at the date on which the related operations were carried out. - All conversion differences are recognized as a separate component under stockholders’ equity and form part of other comprehensive income items. p. Employee benefits Retirement benefits costs from termination benefits Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognized as an expense when employees have rendered service entitling them to the contributions. 31 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA For defined benefit retirement benefit plans, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the projected unit credit method, with actuarial valuations being carried out at the end of each annual reporting period. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), is reflected immediately in the statement of financial position with a charge or credit recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognized in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to profit or loss. Past service cost is recognized in profit or loss in the period of a plan amendment. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset. A liability for a termination benefit is recognized at the earlier of when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of the termination benefit and when the entity recognizes any related restructuring costs. Short-term employee benefits A liability is recognized for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service. Liabilities recognized in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service. Statutory employee profit sharing As result of the PTU is recorded in the results of the year in which it is incurred and is presented in other expenses and other income. As result of the 2014 Income Tax Law, as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, PTU is determined based on taxable income, according to Section I of Article 10 of the that Law. q. Income taxes The income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. - Current tax In Mexico, current income tax (ISR) and until December 31, 2013, the Business Flat Tax (IETU) is recognized in the results of the year in which is incurred. - Deferred income tax Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognized if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint ventures, except where the Entity is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments and interests are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Entity expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. Current and deferred tax for the year Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination. r. Provisions Provisions are recorded when the Entity has a present obligation (be it legal or assumed) as a result of a past event, and it is probable that the Entity will have to settle the obligation and it is possible to prepare a reliable estimation of the total amount. The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flow. When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered by a third party, a receivable is recognized as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably. Provisions are classified as current or non-current based on the estimated period of time estimated for settling the related obligations. Contingent liabilities acquired as part of a business combination Contingent liabilities acquired in a business combination are initially measured at fair value at the acquisition date. At the end of subsequent reporting periods, such contingent liabilities are measured at the higher of the amount that would be recognized in accordance with IAS 37 and the amount initially recognized less cumulative amortization recognized in accordance with IAS 18, Revenue. 33 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA s. Financial liabilities and equity instruments 1. Classification as debt or equity Debt and equity instruments issued by a group entity are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument. 2. Financial liabilities Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities ‘at FVTPL’ or ‘other financial liabilities’. 3. Other financial liabilities Other financial liabilities (including borrowings and trade and other payables) are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. t. Derivative financial instruments Alsea uses derivative financial instruments (DFI) known as forwards or swaps, in order to a) mitigate present and future risks of adverse fluctuations in exchange and interest rates, b) avoid distracting resources from its operations and the expansion plan, and c) have certainty over its future cash flows, which also helps to maintain a cost of debt strategy. DFI’s used are only held for economic hedge purposes, through which the Entity agrees to the trade cash flows at future fixed dates, at the nominal or reference value, and they are valued at fair value. Embedded derivatives: The Entity reviews all signed contracts to identify the existence of embedded derivatives. Identified embedded derivatives are subject to evaluation to determine whether or not they comply with the provisions of the applicable regulations; if so, they are separated from the host contract and are valued at fair value. If an embedded derivative is classified as trading instruments, changes in their fair value are recognized in income for the period. Changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives designated for hedging recognize in based on the type of hedging: (1) when they relate to fair value hedges, fluctuations in the embedded derivative and in the hedged item they are valued at fair value and are recorded in income; (2) when they relate to cash flows hedges, the effective portion of the embedded derivative is temporarily recorded under other comprehensive income, and it is recycled to income when the hedged item affects results. The ineffective portion is immediately recorded in income. Strategy for contracting DFI’s: Every month, the Corporate Finance Director’s office must define the price levels at which the Corporate Treasury must operate the different hedging instruments. Under no circumstances should amounts above the monthly resource requirements be operated, thus ensuring that operations are always carried out for hedging and not for speculation purposes. Given the variety of derivative instruments available to hedge risks, Management is empowered to define the operations for which such instruments are to be contracted, provided they are held for hedging and not for speculative purposes. Processes and authorization levels: The Corporate Treasury Manager must quantify and report to the Financial Director the monthly requirements of operating resources. The Corporate Financial Director may operate at his discretion up to 50% of the needs for the resources being hedged, and the Administration and Financial Management may cover up to 75% of the exposure risk. Under no circumstances may amounts above the limits authorized by the Entity’s General Management be operated, in order to ensure that operations are always for hedging and not for speculation purposes. The foregoing is applicable to interest rates with respect to the amount of debt contracted at variable rates and the exchange rate with respect to currency requirements. If it becomes necessary to sell positions for the purpose of making a profit and/or incurring a “stop loss”, the Administration and Finance Director must first authorize the operation. Internal control processes: With the assistance of the Corporate Treasury Manager, the Corporate Financial Director must issue a report the following working day, specifying the Entity’s resource requirements for the period and the percentage covered by the Administration and Financial Manager. Every month, the Corporate Treasury Manager will provide the Accounting department with the necessary documentation to properly record such operations. The Administration and Finance Director will submit to the Corporate Practices Committee a quarterly report on the balance of positions taken. The actions to be taken in the event that the identified risks associated with exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations materialize, are to be carried out by the Internal Risk Management and Investment Committee, of which the Alsea General Director and the main Entity’s directors form part. Main terms and conditions of the agreements: Operations with DFI’s are carried out under a master agreement on an ISDA (International Swap Dealers Association) form, which must be standardized and duly formalized by the legal representatives of the Entity and the financial institutions. Margins, collateral and credit line policies: In certain cases, the Entity and the financial institutions have signed an agreement enclosed to the ISDA master agreement, which stipulates conditions that require them to offer guarantees for margin calls in the event that the mark-to-market value exceeds certain established credit limits. The Entity has the policy of monitoring the volume of operations contracted with each institution, in order to avoid as much as possible margin calls and diversify its counterparty risks. Identified risks are those related to variations in exchange rate and interest rate. Derivative instruments are contracted under the Entity’s policies and no risks are expected to occur that differ from the purpose for which those instruments are contracted. Markets and counterparties: Derivative financial instruments are contracted in the local market under the over the counter (OTC) mode. Following are the financial entities that are eligible to close operations in relation to the Entity’s risk management: BBVA Bancomer S.A., Banco Santander, S. A., Barclays Bank México S. A., UBS AG Actinver Casa De Bolsa, Banorte-Ixe, BTG Pactual, Citi, Credit Suisse, Grupo Bursátil Mexicano GBM Casa De Bolsa, HSBC Global Research, Interacciones Casa de Bolsa, Intercam Casa de Bolsa, Invex, Itau BBA, Monex Casa de Bolsa, UBS Investment Research, Grupo Financiero BX+, and Vector Casa de Bolsa. The Corporate Financial Director is empowered to select other participants, provided that they are regulated institutions authorized to carry out this type of operations, and that they can offer the guarantees required by the Entity. Accounting of hedging: DFI’s are initially recorded at their fair value, which is represented by the transaction cost. After initial recognition, DFI’s are valued at each reporting period at their fair value and changes in such value are recognized in the consolidated statements of income, except if those derivative instruments have been formally designated as and they meet the requirements to be considered hedge instruments associated to a hedge relation. Polices for designating calculation and valuation agents The fair value of DFIs is reviewed monthly. The calculation or valuation agent used is the same counterparty or financial entity with whom the instrument is contracted, who is asked to issue the respective reports at the month-end closing dates specified by the Entity. 35 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA Likewise, as established in the master agreements (ISDA) that cover derivative financial operations, the respective calculations and valuations are presented in the quarterly report. The designated calculation agents are the corresponding counterparties. Nevertheless, the Entity validates all calculations and valuations received by each counterparty. u. Revenue recognition Income generated from ordinary operations is recorded to the extent that future economic benefits are likely to flow into the Entity and income can be measured reliably, irrespective of the moment in which payment is made. Income is measured based on the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, bearing in mind the payment conditions specified in the respective agreement, without including taxes or tariffs. Sale of goods Revenues from the sale of food and beverages are recognized when they are delivered to and/or consumed by customers. Provision of services Revenues from services are recognized given the stage of completion, which is generally when the services have been rendered and accepted by customers. Dividends Dividend income is recognized when the Entity’s right to collect dividends has been established. Royalties Royalty income is recorded as it is earned, based on a fixed percentage of sub-franchise sales. 4. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND KEY SOURCES FOR ESTIMATING UNCERTAINTIES In the application of the Entity’s accounting policies, which are described in Note 3, the Entity’s management is required to make certain judgments, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimations and assumptions are reviewed on a regular basis. Changes to the accounting estimations are recognized in the period in which changes are made, or in future periods if the changes affect the current period and other subsequent periods. a. Critical judgments for applying the accounting policies There are critical judgments, apart from those involving estimations, that the Entity’s management has made in the process of applying the Entity´s accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Control over Food Service Project, S.L. (Grupo Zena) and obligation under put option of non-controlling interest Note 1 and 15 indicates that Grupo Zena is a 71.76% owned subsidiary of Alsea. Based on the contractual agreements executed between the Entity and other investors, Alsea is empowered to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, executive commission and management positions of Grupo Zena, which manage the relevant activities of Grupo Zena. Consequently, the Entity’s management concluded that Alsea has the capacity to manage the relevant activities of Grupo Zena and therefore has control over it. Similarly, Alsea has the obligation under the put option to acquire the non-controlling interest of the other investors (purchase option). This purchase option can be exercised four years after the acquisition date of Grupo Zena. Alsea’s management has calculated the financial liability derived from the contractual requirements in effect at the purchase option date, as well as the current value of the financial liability according to the requirements of IAS 32, Financial Instruments. Details of this liability can be consulted in Note 19. Control over Operadora de Franquicias Alsea, S.A. de C.V. (OFA) Note 1 and 15 indicates that OFA is an 80% owned subsidiary of the Entity. Based on the contractual agreements signed by the Entity and other investors, the Entity is empowered to appoint and remove most of the members of the board of directors of OFA, which has the power to control the relevant operations of OFA. Therefore, the Entity’s management concluded that the Entity has the capacity to unilaterally control the relevant activities of OFA and therefore it has control over OFA. Certain significant decisions, including the following are subject to the unanimous consent of the two stockholders: 1) the approval or modification of the budget of the year, and 2) changes to the development schedule, which do not modify the Entity’s control over the subsidiary, as established in the master franchise contract. b. Key sources of estimation uncertainty The following are the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year. 1. Impairment of long-lived assets The Entity annually evaluates whether or not there is indication of impairment in long-lived assets and calculates the recoverable amount when indicators are present. Impairment occurs when the net carrying value of a long-lived asset exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of the fair value of the asset less costs to sell and the value in-use of the asset. Calculation of the value in-use is based on the discounted cash flow model, using the Entity’s projections of its operating results for the near future. The recoverable amount of long-lived assets is subject to uncertainties inherent to the preparation of projections and the discount rate used for the calculation. 2. Useful life of store equipment, leasehold improvements and property Fixed assets acquired separately are recognized at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization and accrued losses for impairment. Depreciation is calculated based the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of assets. The estimated useful life and the depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, and the effect of any changes in the estimation recorded is recognized prospectively. 3. Income tax valuation The Entity recognizes net future tax benefits associated with deferred income tax assets based on the probability that future taxable income will be generated against which the deferred income tax assets can be utilized. Evaluating the recoverability of deferred income tax assets requires the Entity to prepare significant estimates related to the possibility of generating future taxable income. Future taxable income estimates are based on projected cash flows from the Entity’s operations and the application of the existing tax laws in Mexico. The Entity’s capacity to realize the net deferred tax assets recorded at any reporting date could be negatively affected to the extent that future cash flows and taxable income differ significantly from the Entity’s estimates. Additionally, future changes in Mexico’s tax laws could limit the capacity to obtain tax deductions in future periods. 37 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA 4. Intangible assets The period and amortization method of an intangible asset with a defined life is reviewed at a minimum at each reporting date. Changes to the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits are made changing the period or amortization method, as the case may be, and are treated as changes in the accounting estimations. Amortization expenses of an intangible asset with a definite useful life are recorded in income under the expense caption in accordance with the function of the intangible asset. 5. Fair value measurements and valuation processes Some of the Entity’s assets and liabilities are measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. The Entity’s Board of Directors has set up a valuation committee, which is headed up by the Entity’s Financial Director, to determine the appropriate valuation techniques and inputs for fair value measurements. In estimating the fair value of an asset or liability, the Entity uses market-observable data to the extent it is available. When level 1 inputs are not available, the Entity engages third party qualified appraisers to perform the valuation. The valuation committee works closely with the qualified external appraiser to establish the appropriate valuation techniques and inputs to the model. Every three months, the Financial Director reports the findings of the valuation committee to the Entity’s board of directors to explain the causes of fluctuations in the fair value of assets and liabilities. Information about the valuation techniques and inputs used in the determining the fair value of various assets and liabilities are disclosed Note 22 i. 6. Contingencies Given their nature, contingencies are only resolved when one or more future events occur or cease to occur. The evaluation of contingencies inherently includes the use of significant judgment and estimations of the outcomes of future events. 5. NON-MONETARY TRANSACTIONS During the year, the Entity carried out the following activities which did not generate or utilize cash, for which reason, they are not shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows: During 2013, the Entity acquired 82% of Starbucks Coffee Chile, S.A. (Starbucks Chile) and formalized the mergers of OFA and Burger King Mexicana, S.A de C.V. (“BKM”), whereby the Entity also acquired 28.1% of the shares of OFA held by BKW, with which Alsea’s final shareholding in OFA is 80% and in BKW is 20%. The breakdown of those acquisitions and the consideration paid in shares and assumed liabilities are shown in Note 15. During October 2014, Alsea acquired 71.76% of the capital stock of Food Service Project, S.L. (“FSP”), incorporated in Spain, and which, together with its subsidiaries, is denominated “Grupo Zena”. Under the terms of this transaction, in this transaction an option to purchase and sale was recorded in accordance with IAS 32, Financial Instruments: Presentation, is established (see note 19). 6. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS For the purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the cash and cash equivalents caption includes cash, banks and investments in money market instruments. The cash and cash equivalents balance included in the consolidated statements of financial position and the consolidated statements of cash flows at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is comprised as follows: Cash Investments with original maturities of under three months $ 2015 632,628 $ 563,186 2014 589,565 $ 523,285 2013 545,708 117,562 Total cash and cash equivalents $ 1,195,814 $ 1,112,850 $ 663,270 The Entity maintains its cash and cash equivalents with accepted financial entities and it has not historically experienced losses due to credit risk concentration. 7. CUSTOMERS The accounts receivable from customers disclosed in the consolidated statements of financial position are classified as loans and accounts receivable and therefore they are valued at their amortized cost. At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the customer balance is comprised as follows: Franchises Credit card Other Allowance for doubtful accounts (1) $ 2015 332,485 $ 163,584 261,971 758,040 (118,097) 2014 359,008 $ 188,456 233,084 780,548 (106,799) 2013 213,231 110,442 90,505 414,178 (54,074) $ 639,943 $ 673,749 $ 360,104 (1) The estimates presented in the consolidated statements of financial position refer to the balances of doubtful accounts aged more than 90 days involving franchisees. The estimates recognized mainly for the concept are $ $118,097, $106,799 and $54,074 in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. These estimates plus certain guarantees cover the overdue amount. The recognized impairment represents the difference between the book values of these customer account receivables and the current value of the resources expected from their settlement. The Entity does not hold any collateral for these balances. The average credit term for the sale of food, beverages, containers, packaging, royalties and other items to owners of sub-franchises is from 8-30 days. Starting from the day next dates of the contractual maturity are generated interests on the defeated balance at moment of settlement. The rate comprises the Mexican Interbank Equilibrium Rate (TIIE) plus 5 points and is multiplied by 2. 39 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA Following is the aging of past due but unimpaired accounts receivable: 15-60 days 60-90 days More than 90 days Total 2015 43,648 9,230 95,161 $ 2014 28,739 11,443 97,270 $ 2013 37,376 12,327 73,615 148,039 $ 137,452 $ 123,318 $ $ Average time overdue (days) 60 65 77 The concentration of credit risk is limited because the balance is composed of franchisees which are supported or controlled by a service contract and / or master franchise; likewise consists of balances with from financial institutions cards, which are recovered within from 15 days. 8. INVENTORIES At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, inventories are as follows: Food and beverages Containers and packaging Other (1) Obsolescence allowance Total 2015 1,083,807 $ 84,235 214,983 (5,044) 2014 836,993 $ 78,966 145,850 (6,635) 2013 491,256 57,682 99,403 (6,461) 1,377,981 $ 1,055,174 $ 641,880 $ $ (1) Concepts are of toys, uniforms, cleaning utensils, kitchen appliances and souvenirs. Inventories recognized under cost of sales for inventory consumption in the period related to continuous operations totaled $10,149,276, $7,277,438 and $5,227,739 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The balances in 2014 and 2013 do not include information from discontinued operations, referred to in note 29. 9. ADVANCE PAYMENTS Advance payments were made for the acquisition of: Insurance and other services Inventories Lease of locales Total 2015 220,783 $ 62,249 39,354 2014 267,635 $ 202,051 33,533 2013 136,796 134,459 33,068 322,386 $ 503,219 $ 304,323 $ $ 10. STORE EQUIPMENT, LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS AND PROPERTY a. Store equipment, leasehold improvements and properties are as follows: Buildings Store equipment Leasehold improvements Capital lease Transportation equipment Computer equipment Production equipment Office furniture and equipment Construction in process Total $ 212,855 $ 2,231,978 $ 3,260,274 $ - $ 98,679 $ 364,749 $ 588,464 $ 82,813 $ 506,834 $ 7,346,646 93,449 263,512 - 91,529 375,472 264,705 - - 27,091 180 94,508 4,690 194,299 - 10,533 1,408 68,684 31,860 1,127,548 394,372 - 99,936 38,202 - - - - 15,316 - 153,454 - (7,139) (70,620) (60,775) (25,561) (116,515) - - (10,519) (2,100) (10,750) (13,206) (2,096) - (176) (4,269) - (18,560) (119,722) (222,564) 299,165 2,555,560 3,796,577 - 113,331 439,991 780,667 105,625 588,818 8,679,734 65,708 432,266 - 746,674 1,030,175 38,875 659,201 1,807,732 157,970 - 321,351 - 36,228 39,854 2,266 74,360 51,803 5,478 72,332 97,969 - 107,857 60,523 12,149 233,813 325,936 - 1,996,173 4,167,609 216,738 - - (239,161) (22,828) (134,656) (96,367) (32,923) - (18,912) (740) (13,098) (6,279) (8,588) (1,930) (3,720) (5,019) - (3,288) (451,058) (136,451) 797,139 4,109,295 6,190,457 288,428 172,027 552,255 940,450 277,415 1,145,279 14,472,745 14,783 - (5,617) 1,153,047 (183,125) (58,817) 1,239,062 (335,952) (98,739) - - - 41,315 (23,113) (1,826) 205,232 (23,962) (4,945) 41,196 (5,903) (1,076) 36,161 (163) (4,649) 254,022 - (11,976) 2,984,818 (572,218) (187,645) $ 806,305 $ 5,020,400 $ 6,994,828 $ 288,428 $ 188,403 $ 728,580 $ 974,667 $ 308,764 $ 1,387,325 $ 16,697,700 Cost Balance as of January 1, 2013 Acquisitions Business acquisition Valuation adjustment (note 2a) Disposals Adjustment for currency conversion Balance as of December 31, 2013 Acquisitions Business acquisition Valuation adjustment (note 2a) Disposals Adjustment for currency conversion Balance as of December 31, 2014 Acquisitions Disposals Adjustment for currency conversion Balance as of December 31, 2015 41 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA Buildings Store equipment Leasehold improvements Capital lease Transportation equipment Computer equipment Production equipment Office furniture and equipment Construction in process Total $ 69,743 $ 983,230 $ 1,573,894 $ - $ 63,432 $ 235,501 $ 453,308 $ 43,430 $ - $ 3,422,538 7,296 240,616 267,480 - 16,271 57,799 28,014 4,748 - 622,224 (16) (21,057) - - (879) (10,602) - (1,990) - (34,544) - (65,424) (10,557) - (7,628) (9,498) (1,622) (152) - (94,881) 77,023 1,137,365 1,830,817 - 71,196 273,200 479,700 46,036 - 3,915,337 7,848 400,780 399,389 11,031 29,075 72,539 48,654 9,560 - 978,876 - (15,678) (22,622) - (444) (5,504) (1,496) (3,737) - (49,481) - (98,798) (247,797) (16,212) (13,933) (11,537) (4,327) (420) - (393,024) 84,871 1,423,669 1,959,787 (5,181) 85,894 328,698 522,531 51,439 - 4,451,708 8,743 633,620 727,164 14,708 33,161 112,523 45,595 20,827 - 1,596,341 - (22,824) (42,948) - (1,094) (3,406) (1,490) 3 - (71,759) - (141,946) (229,691) - (20,106) (22,056) (2,421) (146) - (416,366) $ 93,614 $ 1,892,519 $ 2,414,312 $ 9,527 $ 97,855 $ 415,759 $ 564,215 $ 72,123 $ - $ 5,559,924 $ 222,142 $ 1,418,195 $ 1,965,760 $ - $ 42,135 $ 166,791 $ 300,967 $ 59,589 $ 588,818 $ 4,764,397 $ 712,268 $ 2,685,626 $ 4,230,670 $ 293,609 $ 86,133 $ 223,557 $ 417,919 $ 225,976 $ 1,145,279 $ 10,021,037 $ 712,691 $ 3,127,881 $ 4,580,516 $ 278,901 $ 90,548 $ 312,821 $ 410,452 $ 236,641 $ 1,387,325 $ 11,137,776 Depreciation Balance as of January 1, 2013 Charge for depreciation for the year Adjustment for currency conversion Disposals Balance as of December 31, 2013 Charge for depreciation for the year Adjustment for currency conversion Disposals Balance as of December 31, 2014 Charge for depreciation for the year Adjustment for currency conversion Disposals Balance as of December 31, 2015 Net cost Balance as of December 31, 2013 as adjusted Balance as of December 31, 2014 as adjusted Balance as of December 31, 2015 11. INTANGIBLE ASSETS a. Intangible assets are comprised as follows: Cost Balance as of January 1, 2013 $ Acquisitions Business acquisition Adjustment for currency conversion Valuation adjustment (note 2a) Disposals Balance as of December 31, 2013 as adjusted Acquisitions Business acquisition Adjustment for currency conversion Valuation adjustment (note 2a) Disposals Balance as of December 31, 2014 as adjusted Acquisitions Adjustment for currency conversion Disposals Balance as of December 31, 2015 Brand rights Commissions for store opening Franchise and use of locale rights Licenses and developments Goodwill Total $ 1,566,528 9,789 17,985 (24,015) $ 386,743 11,489 - (14,239) 564,660 - (649) (2,860) 2,134,298 381,133 94,824 782,103 8,986 243 - 143 387,620 212,177 18,366 (3,441) 87,008 (110) 701,620 158,933 16,241 2,577 $ 348,372 105,973 113 (838) $ 992,748 $ - 789,877 - 3,682,011 339,428 826,341 (42,533) (1,372) (528,149) 122,147 (66) - (3,685) 452,182 1,254,476 4,923,709 77,308 38,072 5,258 62,676 9,016,715 42,175 393,984 9,853,131 59,139 4,795,642 - - - (3,494,777) 1,300,865 (2,598) (2,875) (4,241) (359) - (10,073) 7,813,255 378,644 94,601 15,359 (9,313) 603 (1,031) (8,227) 875,130 173,013 (6,574) (5,219) 572,461 6,881,265 16,520,755 143,255 (841) - - 411,472 6,913 (275) - (23,034) $ 7,913,902 $ 369,989 $ 1,036,350 $ 714,600 $ 6,881,265 $ 16,916,106 43 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA Brand rights Commissions for store opening Franchise and use of locale rights Licenses and developments Goodwill Total $ 438,948 166,703 (6,182) $ 366,528 17,916 (13,946) $ 178,415 41,756 (1,414) $ 262,337 71,756 (207) $ 16,953 - - 1,263,181 298,131 (21,749) (252) (652) (951) (42) - (1,897) 599,217 369,846 217,806 333,844 16,953 1,537,666 206,596 6,514 3,800 114 (1,312) (2,634) 65,861 7 (3,692) 78,187 6,078 - - 354,444 12,713 (51) - (7,689) 811,015 371,126 279,982 418,058 16,953 1,897,134 128,657 (593) 9,693 (3,243) 95,598 (3,243) 117,608 (357) - - 351,556 (7,436) (3,880) (10,472) (1,732) (68) - (16,152) Amortization Balance as of January 1, 2013 $ Amortization Adjustment for currency conversion Disposals Balance as of December 31, 2013 as adjusted Amortization Adjustment for currency conversion Disposals Balance as of December 31, 2014 as adjusted Amortization Adjustment for currency conversion Disposals Balance as of December 31, 2015 $ 935,199 $ 367,104 $ 370,605 $ 535,241 $ 16,953 $ 2,225,102 Brand rights Commissions for store opening Franchise and use of locale rights Licenses and developments Goodwill Total Net cost Balance as of December 31, 2013 as adjusted Balance as of December 31, 2014 as adjusted Balance as of December 31, 2015 $ $ $ 1,535,081 $ 11,287 $ 483,814 $ 118,338 $ 1,237,523 $ 3,386,043 7,002,240 $ 7,518 $ 595,148 $ 154,403 $ 6,864,312 $ 14,623,621 6,978,703 $ 2,885 $ 665,745 $ 179,359 $ 6,864,312 $ 14,691,004 12. OPERATING LEASE AGREEMENTS a. Operating leases The real estate housing the majority of the stores of Alsea are leased from third parties. In general terms, lease agreements signed for the operations of the Entity’s establishments are for a term of between five and ten years, with fixed rates set in pesos. Lease payments are generally revised annually and they increase on the basis of inflation. Alsea considers that it depends on no specific lessor and there are no restrictions for the entity as a result of having signed such agreements. Some of the Entity’s subsidiaries have signed operating leases for company vehicles and computer equipment. In the event of breach of any of the lease agreements, the Entity is required to settle in advance all its obligations, including payments and penalties for early termination, and it must immediately return all vehicles to a location specified by the lessor. Rental expense derived from operating lease agreements related to the real estate housing the stores of the different Alsea brands are as follows: Rental expense a. Commitments non-cancellable operating leases Less than a year Between one and five years b. Financial lease liabilities $ $ 2015 2,851,083 $ 2014 1,805,853 $ 2013 1,257,559 2015 1,744,166 7,833,383 $ 2014 1,533,805 6,888,298 $ 2013 917,838 4,061,677 From 2014, the Company has entered into leases that qualify as finance in the VIPS brand, which are recorded at present value of minimum lease payments or the market value of the property, whichever is less, and are amortized over the period of the lease renewals considering them. 45 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA Future minimum lease payments and the present value of the minimum lease payments are summarized below: No more than one year More than one year and not more than five years More than five years Less future finance charges Minimum lease payments No more than one year More than one year and not more than five years More than five years Present value of minimum lease payments Included in the consolidated financial statements as: Short-term financial liability Long-term financial liability Minimum payments of leases $ $ 2015 32,789 97,195 566,261 696,245 (381,915) 2014 33,723 162,569 533,685 729,977 (407,757) $ 314,330 $ 322,220 Present value of minimum payments of leases $ $ $ $ 2015 7,190 20,398 286,742 $ 2014 7,878 33,651 280,691 314,330 $ 322,220 2015 2014 7,190 307,140 $ 7,878 314,342 314,330 $ 322,220 13. INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES a. The Entity’s shareholding in the capital stock of its main subsidiaries is as follows: Principal activity Name of Subsidiary Panadería y Alimentos para Food Service, S.A. de C.V. Distribution of Alsea brand foods Café Sirena, S. de R.L de C.V. Operadora de Franquicias Alsea, S.A. de C.V. Operadora y Procesadora de Productos de Panificación S.A. de C.V. Gastrosur, S.A. de C.V. Fast Food Sudamericana, S.A. Fast Food Chile, S.A. Starbucks Coffee Argentina, S.R.L Dominalco, S.A. Servicios Múltiples Empresariales ACD S.A. de C.V. SOFOM E.N.R Asian Bistro Colombia, S.A.S Asian Bistro Argentina S.R.L. Operadora Alsea en Colombia, S.A. Asian Food Ltda. Grupo Calpik, S.A.P.I. de C.V. Operator of the Starbucks brand in Chile Operator of the Burger King brand in Mexico Operator of the Domino’s Pizza brand in Mexico Operator of the Chili’s Grill & Bar brand in Mexico Operator of the Burger King brand in Argentina Operator of the Burger King brand in Chile Operator of the Starbucks brand in Argentina Operator of the Domino’s Pizza brand in Colombia Operator of Factoring and Financial Leasing in Mexico Operator of the P.F. Chang’s brand in Colombia Operator of the P.F. Chang’s brand in Argentina Operator of the Burger King brand in Colombia Operator of the P.F. Chang’s brand in Chile Operator of the California Pizza Kitchen brand in Mexico Operator of the P.F. Chang’s Chang´s and Pei Wei in Mexico Distributor of foods and production materials for the Alsea and related brands Operator of Italianni’s brand Operator of Italianni’s brand Operator of Italianni’s brand Operator of Italianni’s brand Operator of the Starbucks brand in Chile Italcafe, S.A. de C.V. Grupo Amigos de San Ángel, S.A. de C.V. Grupo Amigos de Torreón, S.A. de C.V. Grupo Amigos de Perisur, S.A. de C.V. Starbucks Coffee Chile, S.A. Distribuidora e Importadora Alsea Colombia S.A.S. Distributor of food and supplies for Alsea brands Estrella Andina S.A.S. Operadora Vips S. de R.L. de C.V. OPQR, S.A de C.V. Food Service Project, S.L (Grupo Zena) in Colombia Operator of the Starbucks brand in Colombia Operator of Vips brand Operator Brand Cheesecake Factory in Mexico Operator of Spain Especialista en Restaurantes de Comida Estilo Asiática, S.A. de C.V. Distribuidora e Importadora Alsea, S.A. de C.V. 2015 100% 100% 80.00% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 93.25% 100% 100% 100% 94.91% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 70.00% 100% 100% 71.76% 2014 100% 100% 80.00% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95.00% 100% 100% 100% 95% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 89.77% 100% 100% 100% 100% 70.00% 100% 100% 71.76% 2013 100% 100% 80.00% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95.00% 100% 100% 100% 95% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 89.77% 100% 100% 100% - 70.00% - - - 47 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA14. INVESTMENT IN SHARES OF ASSOCIATED COMPANIES Investment in the non-controlling interest of Blue Stripes Chile During May 2015, Alsea reached an agreement to contribute 33% of the capital stock of Blue Stripes Chile, entity incorporated in Chile. Initial contribution by Alsea amounted to $6,477, recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position as investment in shares of associated companies. The remaining 67% was contributed by Grupo Axo, associated company. In accordance with the bylaws, Alsea will not have control over such operation. Investment in the non-controlling interest of Stripes Chile During August 2014, Alsea reached an agreement to contribute 33% of the capital stock of Stripes Chile, entity incorporated in Chile. Initial contribution by Alsea amounted to $4,041, recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position as investment in associated companies. The remaining 67% was contributed by Grupo Axo, associated company. In accordance with the bylaws, Alsea will not have control over such operation. Acquisition of the non-controlling interest of Grupo Axo In June 2013, Alsea reached an agreement to acquire 25% of the capital stock of Grupo Axo. The respective carrying entry was made in the consolidated statements of financial position as investments in shares of associated companies, and that operation gave rise goodwill of $559,887, which is included in the balance of the investment. Goodwill arising from the acquisition of Grupo Axo resulted from the consideration paid, which included the amounts of the benefits of new businesses, mainly the sale of international brands of clothes and cosmetics, from which growth is expected through a development plan. Those benefits are recognized separately in goodwill because they fail to meet the recognition criteria for identifiable intangible assets. At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the investment in shares of associated companies is comprised of the Entity’s direct interest in the capital stock of the companies listed below: (%) Interest in associated company 2015 25.00% 2014 25.00% 2013 Main operations 25.00% Sales of prestigious $ 31/12/2015 892,169 $ 31/12/2014 826,067 $ 31/12/2013 788,665 33.33% - 33.33% 33.33% brands of clothes and accessories in Mexico - Sales of prestigious brands of clothes and accessories in Chile - Sales of prestigious brands of clothes and accessories in Chile 6,511 - - 24,282 3,757 - $ 922,962 $ 829,824 $ 788,665 Grupo Axo (2) Blue Stripes Chile SPA (1) Stripes Chile SPA (3) Total (%) Interest in associated company 2015 25.00% 2014 25.00% 2013 Main operations 25.00% Sales of prestigious $ 31/12/2015 27,396 $ 31/12/2014 32,663 $ 31/12/2013 43,582 33.33% - 33.33% 33.33% brands of clothes and accessories in Mexico - Sales of prestigious brands of clothes and accessories in Chile - Sales of prestigious brands of clothes and accessories in Chile 2 - 305 (410) - - $ 27,703 $ 32,253 $ 43,582 Grupo Axo, Blue Stripes Chile SPA (1) Stripes Chile SPA Total (1) Stripes Chile SPA is a direct subsidiary of Grupo Axo together with another subsidiary of the Entity. (2) In 2015 and 2014, contributions were made to increase the capital in Grupo Axo, by $38,706 and $4,739, respectively. (3) In 2015, the contribution to the capital increase of $20,220 in Stripes Chile made. Stripes Chile SPA Total assets, liabilities, equity and profit and losses of the associated company are as follows: Current assets Non-current assets Current liabilities Income Net profit (loss) for the period $ $ $ $ $ 2015 43,621 55,315 26,081 2015 85,486 915 $ $ $ $ $ 2014 15,609 4,731 9,068 01/08/2014 al 31/12/2014 10,764 (1,230) 49 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA Blue Stripes Chile SPA Total assets, liabilities, equity and profit and losses of the associated company are as follows: Current assets Non-current assets Current liabilities Income Net profit for the period Grupo Axo, S.A.P.I. de C.V. The associated company’s total assets, liabilities and equity and its results are as follows: Current assets Non-current assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Revenues Net profit for the period 2015 2,380,902 3,169,338 1,733,052 2,488,060 2015 4,504,291 109,584 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2014 1,551,287 1,276,883 752,650 1,010,797 2014 2,531,914 130,654 2015 16,478 9,531 6,475 01/06/2015 al 31/12/2015 11,904 5 2013 1,435,557 911,862 997,003 435,302 2013 1,207,860 174,328 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ The reconciliation of the financial information summarized above regarding the carrying value of the interest in Grupo Axo is as follows: Net assets of the associated company Entity’s interest in Grupo Axo Plus: goodwill Carrying value of the Entity’s interest in Grupo Axo 2015 1,329,128 332,282 559,887 $ $ 2014 1,064,723 266,180 559,887 $ $ 2013 919,114 228,778 559,887 892,169 $ 826,067 $ 788,665 $ $ $ 15. BUSINESS COMBINATION The following transactions classify as a business combination and have been recognized by utilizing the purchase method as of the acquisition date based on the following steps: i.- Recognize and value the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interest. ii.- In a business combination performed by stages, the buyer revalues its equity in the acquired entity prior to the acquisition date at face value to recognize the resulting profit or loss, as the case may be in results. iii.- Identify intangible assets and determine goodwill. Acquisition of Grupo Zena In October 2014, the process to acquire of Food Service Group, S.A. and Tuera 16, S.A., S.C.R., entities resident in Luxembourg and Spain, respectively, was concluded. The acquisition involved 71.76% of the common stock of the company denominated as Food Service Project, S.L. (“FSP”), an entity incorporated according to the laws of Spain and which, in conjunction with its subsidiaries, is known as “Grupo Zena”. The acquisition amount was $102,872 Euros, payable in cash (equal to $1,794,245). The acquisition does not consider any contingent payment. The transaction establishes an obligation under put option involving 28.24% of common stock four years after the acquisition date, which was recorded according to IAS 32, Financial Instruments: Presentation (Note 19). 51 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA In October 2015, the acquisition measurement period concluded. An analysis of the assignment of the acquisition cost based on the fair values of the acquired net assets at the acquisition date is presented below. Certain interim accounting changes were made to the acquisition at that date, as detailed below: Concept Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable and other accounts receivable Non-current assets: Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property, net Intangible assets Reassigning Goodwill included in Grupo Zena Deferred income taxes Current liabilities: Suppliers and other accounts payable Non-current liabilities: Deferred income taxes Long-term debt Other long-term liabilities Fair value of net assets Considerations paid in cash Fair value of non-controlling interest Total consideration paid Preliminary book entry Adjustment for valuation Fair value $ 89,287 $ 245,968 1,231,979 470,473 1,313,786 174,859 - - $ 89,287 245,968 261,998 1,222,642 (1,313,786) - 1,493,977 1,693,115 - 174,859 (1,279,228) - (1,279,229) (1,845,132) (165,459) 236,533 1,794,245 706,098 2,500,343 (445,393) - - (274,540) - (101,521) (101,521) (445,393) (1,845,132) (165,459) (38,007) 1,794,245 604,577 2,398,822 Goodwill $ 2,263,810 $ 173,018 $ 2,436,829 Goodwill arising from the acquisition of Grupo Zena derives from the price paid, which includes amounts in relation to the benefits of operating 427 stores for which market growth is expected based on a development plan over the next five years, as well the adjacent benefits, mainly the growth in income, operating synergies and the purchase of supplies. Those benefits are recognized separately in goodwill because they fail to meet the recognition criteria for identifiable intangible assets. As from the acquisition date and until December 31, 2014, Grupo Zena has contributed $1,468,036 to revenues and $118,487 to the profit for the period. If the acquisition had occurred at beginning of year, Alsea’s consolidated net profit for the period, according to IFRS, would have been $496,005 and revenues would have been $26,464,123. Acquisition expenses related to this transaction amounted to $12,096, which is shown within other expenses. None of the goodwill arising on these acquisitions is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Net cash flows related to the acquisition of the subsidiary total $1,704,958, corresponding to the consideration paid in cash of $1,794,245, less cash and cash and cash equivalent balances acquired in the amount of $89,287.  Acquisition of VIPS In April 2014, the process to acquire 100% of the equity of VIPS (the restaurant division of Grupo Wal-Mart, described in Note 1) was concluded. Based on the agreement executed between Alsea and Wal-Mart de México, S.A.B. de C.V., the final acquisition price was $8,200,000. Additional expenses of $516,753 were incurred by the parties, thereby resulting in a total price of $8,716,753. The acquisition does not consider any contingent payment. In March 2015, the acquisition measurement period concluded. An analysis of the assignment of the acquisition cost based on the fair values of the acquired net assets at the acquisition date is presented below. Certain interim accounting changes were made to the acquisition at that date, as detailed below: Concept Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable and other accounts receivable Non-current assets: Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property, net Intangible assets Deferred income taxes Current liabilities: Accrued expenses and employee benefits Non-current liabilities: Deferred income taxes Other long-term liabilities Fair value of net assets Considerations paid in cash Goodwill Preliminary book entry Adjustment for valuation Fair Value $ 605,400 304,964 $ - - $ 605,400 304,964 2,935,630 365,944 201,845 (45,260) 3,573,000 16,427 2,890,370 3,938,944 218,272 (700,918) (22,872) (723,790) (366,651) 3,346,214 (1,209,453) - 2,311,842 (1,209,453) (366,651) 5,658,056 8,716,753 - 8,716,753 $ 5,370,539 $ (2,311,842) $ 3,058,697 Goodwill arising from the acquisition of VIPS derives from the price paid, which includes amounts in relation to the benefits of operating 360 stores for which market growth is expected based on a development plan over the next five years, as well the adjacent benefits, mainly the growth in income, operating synergies and the purchase of supplies. Those benefits are recognized separately in goodwill because they fail to meet the recognition criteria for identifiable intangible assets. None of the goodwill arising on these acquisitions is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Net cash flows related to the acquisition of the subsidiary total $8,111,353, corresponding to the consideration paid in cash of $8,716,753, less cash and cash and cash equivalent balances acquired for $605,400. 53 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA As from the acquisition date and until December 31, 2014, VIPS has contributed $4,016,325 to consolidated revenues and $111,628 to the profit before income taxes for the period. If the acquisition had occurred at beginning of year, Alsea’s consolidated net profit for the period would have been $683,119 and revenues would have been $24,723,880. Acquisition expenses related to this transaction amounted to $9,357, which is shown within other expenses. Acquisition of the controlling interest in Starbucks Coffee Chile In September 2013, Alsea acquired 82% of Starbucks Coffee Chile, S.A. (Starbucks Chile), which operates the Starbucks restaurants in Chile. Through this transaction, the shareholding and voting rights of Alsea increased from 18% to 100%, thus allowing the Entity to acquire control, while constituting a business combination recorded by means of the purchase method according to IFRS. In August 2014, the acquisition measurement period concluded. An analysis of the assignment of the acquisition cost based on the fair values of the acquired net assets at the acquisition date is presented below. Certain interim accounting changes were made to the acquisition at that date, as detailed below: Concept Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable and other accounts receivable Non-current assets: Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property, net Intangible assets Deferred income taxes Current liabilities: Suppliers and other accounts payable Non-current liabilities: Other long-term liabilities Fair value of net assets Fair value of non-controlling interest Consideration paid in cash Total consideration paid Preliminary book entry Adjustment for valuation $ 128,656 $ 89,427 141,993 6,132 - - - $ 21,758 558,180 (173,981) Fair value 128,656 89,427 163,751 564,312 (173,981) (88,683) - (88,683) (13,124) 264,401 47,593 928,595 976,188 - 405,957 62,683 - 62,683 (13,124) 670,358 110,276 928,595 1,038,871 Goodwill $ 711,787 $ (343,274) $ 368,513 Goodwill arising from the acquisition of Starbucks Coffee Chile derives from the price paid, which included amounts in relation to the benefits of operating 44 stores for which market growth is expected based on a development plan over the next five years in Chile, as well the adjacent benefits, mainly the growth in income, operating synergies and the purchase of supplies. Those benefits are recognized separately in goodwill because they fail to meet the recognition criteria for identifiable intangible assets. As from the acquisition date, Starbucks Chile has contributed $231,131 to consolidated revenues and $32,772 to the profit before income taxes for the period. If the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2013, Alsea’s consolidated net profit for the period would have been $694,362 and revenues would have been $16,087,950. Acquisition expenses related to this transaction amounted to $1,028, which is shown under other expenses.  Net cash flows related to the acquisition of the subsidiary total $799,939, corresponding to the consideration paid in cash of $928,595, less cash and cash and cash equivalent balances acquired for $128,656. Acquisition of Burger King Mexicana In April 2013, the acquisition of the BURGER KING® master franchise in Mexico concluded. According to the strategic association agreement signed by Alsea and Burger King Worldwide Inc. (BKW), the BKW subsidiary in Mexico, Burger King Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. (BKM) was merged with OFA, a subsidiary of Alsea, with the latter as the surviving company and operator of 204 BURGER KING® restaurants in Mexico. After the merger concluded, Alsea also acquired 28.1% of the shares of OFA held by BKW, after which Alsea’s final shareholding in OFA is 80% and BKW´s final shareholding in OFA is 20%. Given that the operation was considered the acquisition of is business, the related acquisition accounting was applied as of the acquisition date and according to IFRS. The acquisition price did not include any contingent consideration. In April 2014, the acquisition measurement period concluded. An analysis of the assignment of the acquisition cost based on the fair values of the acquired net assets at the acquisition date is presented below. Certain interim accounting changes were made to the acquisition at that date, as detailed below: Concept Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable and other accounts receivable Non-current assets: Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property, net Intangible assets Deferred income taxes Non-current liabilities: Other long-term liabilities Fair value of net assets Consideration paid in actions Consideration paid in cash Total consideration paid Goodwill Preliminary book entry Adjustment for valuation $ 47,828 58,300 $ - - $ 283,531 25,843 62,803 (73,547) 404,758 217,534 333,895 551,429 131,697 92,116 (67,144) (26,847) 129,822 7,629 - 7,629 Fair value 47,828 58,300 415,228 117,959 (4,341) (100,394) 534,580 225,163 333,895 559,058 $ 146,671 $ (122,193) $ 24,478 The consideration paid in OFA shares, which is in the measurement phase, totals $225,163 and comprises 20% of its stockholders’ equity. Goodwill arising from the acquisition of Burger King Mexicana derives from the price paid, which included amounts related to the benefits of operating 204 stores (97 acquired and 107 own stores), for which market growth is expected based on a development plan over the next five years, as well the adjacent benefits, mainly the growth in income, operating synergies and the purchase of supplies resulting from the merger of the Burger King brand in Mexico. Those benefits are recognized separately in goodwill because they fail to meet the recognition criteria for identifiable intangible assets. 55 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA During 2013, as from the acquisition date, Burger King Mexicana contributed $564,376 to revenues and $3,756 to the profit before income taxes for the period. If the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2013, Alsea’s consolidated net profit for the period would have been $647,842 and revenues would have been $15,893,611. Acquisition expenses related to this transaction amounted to $1,101, which is shown under other expenses. Net cash flows related to the acquisition of the subsidiary total $288,067, corresponding to the consideration paid in cash of $333,895, less cash and cash and cash equivalents balances acquired totaling $47,828. 16. GOODWILL Goodwill is comprised as follows: Item Balance as of January 1, 2013 Burger King Mexicana Starbucks Coffee Chile Balance as of December 31, 2013 (as restated) Starbucks Coffee Chile VIPS Foster’s Hollywood La Vaca Argentina Burger King Domino’s Pizza Il Tempietto Cañas y Tapas Balance as of December 31, 2014 (as restated) Balance as of December 31, 2015 $ Amount 975,795 24,478 237,250 1,237,523 131,263 3,058,697 198,598 3,270 1,219,404 1,008,342 377 6,838 6,864,312 $ 6,864,312  Assignment of goodwill to cash generating units In order to carry out impairment tests, goodwill was assigned to the following cash generating units: Concept Burger King Domino’s Pizza Chili’s Italianni’s VIPS Starbucks Coffee Foster’s Hollywood La Vaca Argentina Il Tempietto Cañas y Tapas $ $ 2015 1,336,967 1,078,622 26,614 785,816 3,058,697 368,513 198,598 3,270 377 6,838 $ 2014 1,336,967 1,078,622 26,614 785,816 3,058,697 368,513 198,598 3,270 377 6,838 2013 117,563 70,280 26,614 785,816 - 237,250 - - - - $ 6,864,312 $ 6,864,312 $ 1,237,523 At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, studies performed on impairment testing concluded that goodwill shows no signs of impairment. 17. LONG-TERM DEBT Long-term debt at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is comprised of unsecured loans, as shown below: Single loans Less current maturities Long-term maturities Maturities 2014-2025 Average annual interest rate 4.11-8.07% $ 2015 5,753,546 734,824 $ 2014 8,747,823 1,377,157 $ 2013 2,554,767 388,486 $ 5,018,722 $ 7,370,666 $ 2,166,281 Annual long-term debt maturities at December 31, 2015 are as follows: Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 $ Amount 882,402 502,281 2,433,871 1,200,168 $ 5,018,722 Bank loans include certain affirmative and negative covenants, such as maintaining certain financial ratios. At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, all such obligations have been duly met. 57 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA 18. DEBT INSTRUMENTS In March 2015, Alsea placed of debt instruments worth $3,000,000 over 5 years as from the issuance date, maturing in March 2020. Those instruments will accrue interest at the 28-day TIIE rate plus 1.10 percentage points; and other debt instrument worth $1,000,000 over 10 years as from the issue date, maturing in March 2015. Those instruments will accrue interest at a fixed rate of 8.07%. In June 2013, the Entity decided to issue debt instruments for a total of $2,500,000 over 5 years as from the issue date, maturing in June 2018. Those instruments will accrue interest at the 28-day TIIE rate plus 0.75 percentage points. The balance at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 amounts to $6,479,795, $2,491,356 and $2,488,850, respectively. Year 2018 2020 2025 Amount 2,493,909 2,985,886 1,000,000 6,479,795 $ $ 19. OBLIGATION OVER PUT OPTION As mentioned in Note 1c, the Entity acquired Grupo Zena; Alsea has the obligation over put option to purchase the non-controlling interest of the other investors (call option) starting in the fourth year since the date of acquisition. The amount represents the present value of the estimated debt that will be paid at the time of exercising the put option under the terms of the contract. The liability will be updated each year until the option date, and the effects will be recognized in the consolidated statements of income, as stated by IAS 32, Financial instruments: Presentation. The financial liability of the put option amounts to $2,777,328 and $2,673,053, at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The revaluation of this option as of December 31, 2015, generated a profit in results by $104,275, and is included in ‘Changes in the fair value of financial instruments’ in the consolidated Statements of Income. 20. INCOME TAXES In Mexico, the Entity is subject to ISR. The rate of current income is 30%. The Entity incurred ISR on a consolidated basis until 2014 with its Mexican subsidiaries. As a result of the 2014 Tax Law, the tax consolidation regime was eliminated, and the Entity and its subsidiaries have the obligation to pay the deferred income tax benefit calculated as of that date over a five-year period beginning in 2014, as illustrated below. Pursuant to Transitory Article 9, section XV, subsection d) of the 2014 Tax Law, given that as of December 31, 2013, the Entity was considered to be a holding company and was subject to the payment scheme contained in Article 4, Section VI of the transitory provisions of the ISR law published in the Federal Official Gazette on December 7, 2009, or article 70-A of the ISR law of 2013 which was repealed, it must continue to pay the tax that it deferred under the tax consolidation scheme in 2007 and previous years based on the aforementioned provisions, until such payment is concluded. As of 2008, the Asset Tax Law (LIMPAC) was eliminated, but under certain the amount of this tax paid in the 10 years immediately prior to that in which ISR is first paid may be recovered in accordance with applicable tax provisions. At December 31, 2014, the ISR liability derived from the effects of benefits and tax deconsolidation will be paid in the following years. Year of expiration 2016 2017 2018 $ $ Amount 31,893 21,828 17,927 71,648 In Chile, in September 2014, the government promulgates in its tax reform increased the rate gradually according to the following 21% in 2014, 22.5% to 2015, 24% to 2016, 25.5% to 2017 and to 2018 will be of 27%, based taxation system chose for the years 2017 and 2018. The change in the First Category Tax was pronounced in July 2010. In Colombia, the tax provisions provide that the rate applicable to income tax for the years 2014 and 2015 is 25% and the income tax for equity –CREE is 9%, respectively. Also, a surtax CREE 5% for companies whose profit is equal to or greater than 800 million sets. In Argentina i.- Tax on income The Entity applies the deferred tax method to recognize the accounting effects of taxes on earnings at the 35% rate. ii.- Tax on presumptive minimum earnings (IGMP for its acronym in Spanish), the Entity determines IGMP applying the current 1% rate to assets computable at each year-end closing, iii.- Tax on personal goods of individuals or business entities residing abroad, the tax is determined applying the 0.5% to the proportional value of equity at the year-end closing and it is considered a single and final payment. In Spain, tax reforms were approved for 2015, which include the reduction of this tax rate to 28% and 25% in 2016, with the exception of credit institutions and entities engaged in hydrocarbon exploration, research and exploration. Newly-created companies will pay tax at the 15% rate during the first tax period in which their tax basis is positive and in the following period. Similarly, as part of these tax reforms, tax losses will be applicable without a time limitation; until 2014, the right to apply such losses expired after 18 years. a. Income taxes recognized in income Income tax (tax basis) Deferred income tax $ $ 2015 691,060 (201,141) $ 2014 597,045 (232,452) $ 2013 422,573 (137,706) 489,919 $ 364,593 $ 284,867 59 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA The tax expense attributable to income before ISR differs from that arrived at by applying the 30% statutory rate in 2015, 2014 and 2013 due to the following items: Statutory income tax rate Non-deductible expenses Effects of inflation and others 2015 30% 8% (6%) 2014 30% 7% (1%) 2013 30% 3% (3%) Tasa efectiva de ISR consolidada 32% 36% 30% b. Deferred taxes - balance sheet Following is an analysis of deferred tax assets shown in the consolidated statements of financial position: Estimation for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence Estimation for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence Liability provisions Advances from customers Unamortized tax losses Recoverable asset tax Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property Other assets Advance payments 2015 2014 2013 $ (36,942) $ (488,383) (105,167) (219,508) (12,269) 882,625 5,752 71,418 97,526 (34,028) $ (447,253) (70,341) (75,874) (12,269) 1,208,752 7,172 47,013 623,172 (10,863) (368,176) (18,565) (166,337) (12,269) (230,345) 12,224 53,049 (741,282) Estimation for unamortized tax losses 116,868 - - $ 214,394 $ 623,172 $ (741,282) c. Deferred tax in statement of financial position The following is the analysis of deferred tax assets (liabilities) presented in the consolidated statements of financial position: Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities 2015 1,710,943 1,925,337 $ 2014 1,320,881 1,944,053 $ 2013 760,782 19,500 214,394 $ 623,172 $ (741,282) $ $ d. Deferred income tax balances 2015 Temporary differences Estimation for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence Liability provisions Advances from customers Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property Prepaid expenses Other assets Tax loss carryforwards and unused tax credits Tax loss carryforwards Recoverable IMPAC 2015 Temporary differences Estimation for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence Liability provisions Advances from customers Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property Prepaid expenses Other assets Tax loss carryforwards and tax credits not used Tax loss carryforwards Recoverable IMPAC Beginning balance Recognized in profit or loss Recognized in stockholders’ equity Acquisitions Ending balance $ (34,028) $ (2,914) $ - $ - $ (36,942) (447,253) (70,341) 1,208,752 47,013 7,172 711,315 (14,330) (34,826) (316,476) 168,825 (1,420) (201,141) (26,800) - (9,651) (144,420) - (180,871) - - - - - - (75,874) (12,269) (88,143) - - - (26,766) - (26,766) - - - (488,383) (105,167) 882,625 71,418 5,752 329,303 (102,640) (12,269) (114,909) $ $ 623,172 $ (201,141) $ (207,637) $ - $ 214,394 Beginning balance Recognized in profit or loss Recognized in stockholders’ equity Acquisitions/ disposals Ending balance (10,863) $ (23,165) $ - $ - $ (34,028) (368,176) (18,565) (230,345) 53,049 12,224 (562,676) (71,488) (51,776) (79,877) (1,094) (5,052) (232,452) (7,589) - 16,135 (4,942) - 3,604 - - 1,502,839 - - 1,502,839 (447,253) (70,341) 1,208,752 47,013 7,172 711,315 (166,337) (12,269) (178,606) - - - 90,463 - 90,463 - - - (75,874) (12,269) (88,143) $ (741,282) $ (232,452) $ 94,067 $ 1,502,839 $ 623,172 61 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA2015 Temporary differences Estimation for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence Liability provisions Advances from customers Store equipment, leasehold improvements and property Prepaid expenses Other assets Tax loss carryforwards and tax credits not used Tax loss carryforwards Recoverable IMPAC Beginning balance Recognized in profit or loss Recognized in stockholders’ equity Acquisitions/ disposals Ending balance $ (5,997) $ (4,866) $ - $ - $ (10,863) (220,682) (30,072) (380,473) 21,186 807 (615,231) (149,336) 11,507 (81,172) 39,616 11,417 (172,834) 1,842 - 1,199 (7,753) - (4,712) - - 230,101 - - 230,101 (368,176) (18,565) (230,345) 53,049 12,224 (562,676) (201,465) (12,269) (213,734) 35,128 - 35,128 - - - - - - (166,337) (12,269) (178,606) $ (828,965) $ (137,706) $ (4,712) $ 230,101 $ (741,282) The benefits of restated tax loss carryforwards and recoverable IMPAC for which the deferred ISR asset and tax credit, respectively, have been (in such case partially) recognized, can be recovered subject to certain conditions. Expiration dates and restated amounts as of December 31, 2015, are: Year of maturity 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 $ Amortizable losses 44,425 22,265 24,139 124,948 108,197 407,718 $ 731,692 21. EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT BENEFITS The total expense recognized in profit or loss and other comprehensive income is $78,353 represents the contributions payables by the Entity to these plans. As of December 31, 2015, contributions of $78,353 that was owed on the plan had not been paid. The expense for employee benefits as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $8,171,055, $5,332,897 and $3,361,176, respectively, not including the cost defined benefit described below. The net cost for the period related to obligations derived from seniority premiums amounted to $6,041, $29,661 and $21,674 in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 22. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS a. Capital risk management The Entity manages its capital to ensure that the companies that it controls are able to continue operating as a going concern while they maximize the yield for their shareholders by streamlining the debt and equity balances. The Entity’s general strategy has not changed in relation to 2014. The Entity’s capital structure consists of the net debt (the loans described in Note 17, compensated by cash balances and banks) and the Entity’s capital (made up of issued capital stock, reserves and retained earnings, as shown in Note 23). The Entity is not subject to external requirements to manage its capital. The main purpose for managing the Entity’s capital risk is to ensure that it maintains a solid credit rating and sound equity ratios to support its business and maximize value to its shareholders. The Entity manages its capital structure and makes any necessary adjustments based on changes in economic conditions. In order to maintain and adjust its capital structure, the Entity can modify the dividend payments to the shareholders, reimburse capital to them or issue new shares. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, there were no modifications to the objectives, policies or processes pertaining to capital management. The following ratio is used by the Entity and by different rating agencies and banks to measure credit risk. - Net Debt to EBITDA = Net Debt / EBITDA ltm. At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the financial restriction established in the Entity’s loan agreements relates to the Net Debt to EBITDA ratio for the last twelve months. The Entity complied with the established ratio. 63 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA b. Financial instrument categories Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents Loans and accounts receivable at amortized cost Financial liabilities at amortized cost Suppliers Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Current maturities of long-term debt Current maturities of financial lease liabilities Long-term debt, not including current maturities Non-current financial lease liabilities Debt instruments 2015 2014 2013 $ 1,195,814 904,853 $ 1,112,850 895,543 $ 663,270 628,818 3,013,091 635,802 734,824 7,190 2,694,015 601,854 1,377,157 7,878 1,408,565 197,709 388,486 - 2015 2014 2013 5,018,722 307,140 6,479,795 7,370,666 314,342 2,491,356 2,166,281 - 2,488,850 c. Objectives of managing financial risks Alsea is mainly exposed to the following financial risks: (i) market (foreign currency and interest rate), (ii) credit and (iii) liquidity. The Entity seeks to minimize the potential negative effects of the aforementioned risks on its financial performance by applying different strategies. The first involves securing risk coverage through derivative financial instruments. Derivative instruments are only traded with well-established institutions and limits have been set for each financial institution. The Entity has the policy of not carrying out operations with derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. d. Market risk The Entity is exposed to market risks resulting from changes in exchange and interest rates. Variations in exchange and interest rates may arise as a result of changes in domestic and international economic conditions, tax and monetary policies, market liquidity, political events and natural catastrophes or disasters, among others. Exchange fluctuations and devaluation or depreciation of the local currency in the countries in which Alsea participates could limit the Entity’s capacity to convert local currency to US dollars or to other foreign currency, thus affecting their operations, results of operations and financial position. The Entity currently has a risk management policy aimed at mitigating present and future risks involving those variables, which arise mainly from purchases of inventories, payments in foreign currencies and public debt contracted at a floating rate. The contracting of derivative financial instruments is intended to cover or mitigate a primary position representing some type of identified or associated risk for the Entity. Instruments used are merely for economic hedging purposes, not for speculation or negotiation. The types of derivative financial instruments approved by the Entity for the purpose of mitigating exchange fluctuation and interest rate risk are as follows: - USD/MXN exchange-rate forwards contracts - USD/MXN exchange-rate options - - Cross Currency Swaps Interest Rate Swaps and Swaptions Given the variety of possible derivative financial instruments for hedging the risks identified by the Entity, the Director of Corporate Finance is authorized to select such instruments and determine how they are to be operated. e. Currency exchange risk management The Entity carries out transactions in foreign currency and therefore it is exposed to exchange rate fluctuations. Exposure to exchange rate fluctuations is managed within the parameters of approved policies, using foreign currency forwards contracts. Note 32 shows foreign currency positions at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. It also shows the exchange rates in effect at those dates. USD hedging and its requirements are determined based on the cash flow budgeted by the Entity, and it is aligned to the current Risk Management Policy approved by the Corporate Practices Committee, the General Director’s office and the Administration and Financial Director’s office. The policy is overseen by the Internal Audit Department. The exchange rate risk expressed in a foreign currency (USD) is internally monitored on a weekly basis with the positions or hedges approximating maturity at market exchange rates. The agent calculating or valuing the derivative financial instruments is in all cases the counterparty designated under the master agreement. The purpose of the internal review is to identify any significant changes in exchange rates that could pose a risk or cause the Entity to incur in non-compliance with its obligations. If a significant risk position is identified, the Corporate Treasury Manager informs the Corporate Financial Director’s office. The following table shows a quantitative description of exposure to exchange risk based on foreign currency forwards and options agreements contracted by the Entity in USD/MXN, in effect as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. 65 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA Underlying / reference variable Notional amount/ face value (thousands of USD) Fair value (thousands of USD) Type of derivative, security or contract Objective of the hedging Position 31/12/2015 current 31/12/2014 previous 31/12/2013 previous 31/12/2015 current 31/12/2014 previous 31/12/2013 previous 31/12/2015 current 31/12/2014 previous 31/12/2013 previous Amounts of maturities (thousands of USD) Forwards Long Economic 17.34 USDMXN 14.74 USDMXN 13.06 USDMXN 14,000 1,000 2,500 $ (306) $ (117) $ (16) 14,000 Options Long Economic 17.34 USDMXN 14.74 USDMXN 13.06 USDMXN 14,500 6,500 13,750 $ (9) $ (19) $ (9) 14,500 Forwards Short Economic 1.09 EURUSD NA NA 900 - - $ 0.1 - - 900 1. Foreign currency sensitivity analysis At December 31, 2015, the Entity has contracted hedging in order to purchase US dollars for the next 12 months at the average exchange rate of 16.26 for a total of $28 million dollars, the valuation is based on an average exchange rate of $16.50 pesos per US dollar over the next 12 months as of December 31, 2015. The initial price of currency derivatives is $7.6 million Mexican pesos payable to the Entity. Given the values and amounts of exchange rate hedges, management does not foresee a significant risk that could affect its results at the December 31, 2015 close or the obligations contracted under current operations that will expire during the next 12 months. The Entity does not match its net asset position with financial liabilities denominated in US dollars because it is not representative or material. The analysis shows only the effect on hedging for purchases of US dollars contracted and in effect at the December 31, 2015 closing. Management considers that in the event of a stress scenario as the one described above, the Entity’s liquidity capacity would not be affected, there would be no negative effects on its operations, nor would compliance with the commitments assumed in relation to contracted derivative financial instruments be at risk. 2. Foreign currency forwards and options contracts At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, a total of 67, 212 and 309 derivative financial instrument operations (forwards and options) were carried out, respectively, for a total of 41.5, 82.5 and 146.1 million US dollars, respectively. The absolute value of the fair value of the derivative financial instruments entered into per quarter over the year does not comprise more than 5% of assets, liabilities or total consolidated capital, or otherwise 3% of the total consolidated sales for the last quarter. Therefore, the risk for the Entity of exchange rate fluctuations will have no negative effects, nor will it affect its capacity to carry out derivative financial instrument operations. At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, Alsea has contracted DFI’s to purchase US dollars in the next twelve months for a total of approximately $28, $7.5 and $16.3 million USD, at the average exchange rate of $16.26, $13.80 and $12.6 pesos to the dollar, respectively. At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Entity had contracted the financial instruments shown in the table above. f. Interest rate risk management The Entity faces certain exposure to the volatility of interest rates as a result of contracting bank and public stock exchange debt at fixed and variable interest rates. The respective risks are monitored and evaluated monthly on the basis of: - Cash flow requirements - Budget reviews - Observation of the market and interest rate trends in the local market and in the countries in which Alsea operates (Mexico, Argentina, Chile and Colombia). - Differences between negative and positive market rates The aforementioned evaluation is intended to mitigate the Entity’s risk concerning debt subject to floating rates or indicators, to streamline the respective prices and to determine the most advisable mix of fixed and variable rates. The Corporate Treasury Manager is responsible for monitoring and reporting to the Administration and Financial Director any events or contingencies of importance that could affect the hedging, liquidity, maturities, etc. of DFI’s. He in turn informs Alsea’s General Management of any identified risks that might materialize. The type of derivative products utilized and the hedged amounts are in line with the internal risk management policy defined by the Entity’s Corporate Practices Committee, which contemplates an approach to cover foreign currency needs without the possibility to carry out speculative operations. - Interest rate swap contracts According to contracts for swaps of interest (Interest Rate Swap – ISR), the Entity agrees to exchange the difference between the amounts of the fixed and variable rates calculated on the agreed notional amount. Such contracts allow the Entity to mitigate interest rate change risks on the fair value of the debt issued at a fixed interest rate and the exposure to cash flows on the debt issued at a variable interest rate. The starting price of the swaps of interest at the end of the period being reported is determined by discounting future cash flows using the curves at the end of the period being reported and the credit risk inherent to the contract, as described further on in these consolidated financial statements. The average interest rate is based on current balances at the end of the period being reported. 67 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA The following table shows a quantitative description of exposure to interest rate risk based on interest rate forwards and options agreements contracted by the Entity, in effect as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. Underlying / reference variable Notional amount/ face value (USD) Fair value (USD) Type of derivative, security or contract RS Plain Vanilla Objective of the hedging Coverage Position Long IRS Plain Vanilla Long Economic KO Out IRS Limited IRS Capped IRS Long Economic Long Economic Long Economic 31/12/2015 current 3.34% - TIIE 28 d 31/12/2014 previous 3.31% -TIIE 28 d 3.34% - TIIE 28 d 3.34% - TIIE 28 d 3.34% - TIIE 28 d 3.34% - TIIE 28 d 3.31% -TIIE 28 d 3.31% - TIIE 28 d 3.31% - TIIE 28 d 3.31% - TIIE 28 d 31/12/2013 previous - 31/12/2015 current 99,158 31/12/2014 previous 51,842 31/12/2013 previous - $ 31/12/2015 current 5,650 $ 31/12/2014 previous (307) 31/12/2013 previous - Amounts of expiration (USD) 99,158 3.79% TIIE d 3.79% TIIE d 3.79% TIIE d 3.79% TIIE d 15,420 21,545 38,270 $ 32 $ 13 $ 315 15,420 2,941 6,210 11,481 $ 11 $ 43 $ 56 2,941 2,941 6,210 11,481 $ 15 $ 53 $ 64 2,941 2,553 4,265 7,654 $ 0.4 $ 9 $ 47 2,553 IRS Plain Vanilla Long Coverage EURIBOR 1M EURIBOR 1M - 87,391 100,521 - $ (549) $ 741 - 87,391 1. Analysis of interest rate sensitivity The following sensitivity analysis has been determined on the basis of the exposure to interest rates of derivative instruments and of non-derivative instruments at the end of the period being reported. In the case of variable rate liabilities, an analysis is prepared assuming that the amount of the liability held at the end of the period being reported has been the amount of the liability throughout the year. • The first stress scenario considered by the Entity’s management is a 200 bps increase in the 28-day TIIE reference rate while the rest of the variables remain constant. With the mix in the hedging portfolio of plain vanilla interest rate swaps and the swaptions contracted at the December 31, 2015 close, the increase in financial costs is of approximately $162 million. The above effect arises because the barriers protecting the increase in the interest rates are exceeded, which leaves the Entity exposed to market rates. • A 150 bps increase in the 28-day TIIE rate represents an increase in the financial cost of approximately $122 million, which poses no risk to the Entity’s liquidity nor gives rise to a negative effect on the business’s operations or in assuming commitments for contracting interest rate derivative financial instruments. • Lastly, the scenario with a 100 bps increase in the 28-day TIIE reference rate would have a positive effect on the financial cost of approximately $81 million. The above scenarios were performed on bank and market debt contracted in Mexican pesos with floating reference rate TIIE 28 days, which represents about 80% of the total debt contracted by the Bank. The bank debt denominated in euros is covered at a fixed rate by 70%, so an increase or decrease in rates would not represent a material or significant risk to the company, offsetting effectively in the starting price and value the underlying liabilities. g. Credit risk management Credit risk refers to the uncertainty of whether one or several of the counterparties will comply with their contractual obligations, which would result in a financial loss for the Entity. The Entity has adopted the policy of only operating with solvent institutions and obtaining sufficient collateral, when deemed necessary, as a way to mitigate the risk of financial loss caused by non-compliance. The Entity’s exposure and the credit ratings of its counterparties are supervised on a regular basis. The maximum credit exposure levels allowed are established in the Entity’s risk management internal policies. Credit risk over liquid funds and derivative financial instruments is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit ratings issued by accepted rating agencies. In order to reduce to a minimum the credit risk associated to counterparties, the Entity contracts its financial instruments with domestic and foreign institutions that are duly authorized to engage in those operations and which form part of the Mexican Financial System. With respect to derivative financial instruments, the Entity signs a standard agreement approved by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association Inc. with each counterparty along with the standard confirmation forms for each operation. Additionally, the Entity signs bilateral guarantee agreements with each counterparty that establish the margin, collateral and credit line policies to be followed. Such agreements, commonly known as “Credit Support Annexes”, establish the credit limits offered by credit institutions that would apply in the event of negative scenarios or fluctuations that might affect the fair value of open positions of derivative financial instruments. Such agreements establish the margin calls for instances in which credit facility limits are exceeded. In addition to the bilateral agreements signed further to the ISDA maser agreement, known as Credit Support Annexes (CSA), the Entity monitors the favorable or negative fair value on a monthly basis. Should the Entity incur a positive result, and that result be considered material in light of the amount, a CDS could be contracted to reduce the risk of breach by counterparties. The methodologies and practices generally accepted in the market and which are applied by the Entity to quantify the credit risk related to a given financial agent are detailed below. 69 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA 1.- Credit Default Swap (CDS), the credit risk is quantified based on the quoted market price. The CDS is the additional premium that an investor is willing to pay to cover a credit position, meaning that the risk quantification is equal to this premium. This practice is utilized as long as quoted CDS are available on the market 2.- Issuance Credit Spread, if issuances are available for quotation on different financial markets, the credit risk can be quantified as the difference between the internal rate of return of the bonds and the risk-free rate. 3.- Comparable items, if the risk cannot be quantified by using the above methodologies, the use of comparable items is generally accepted; i.e., the use of entities or bonds of the sector that the company wishes to analyze as a reference. The Entity has the policy of monitoring the volume of operations contracted with each institution, in order to avoid margin calls and mitigate credit risks with counterparties. At the December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 closing, the Entity has incurred no margin calls, nor does it hold any type of securities pledged as a guarantee by a counterparty with which it may have carried out interest rate hedging operations. At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Entity has recorded no breaches to the agreements signed with different financial entities for exchange rate hedging operations. The Entity’s maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying value of its financial assets. At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, that risk amounts to $2,100,657, $2,088,393 and $1,292,088, respectively. The credit risk generated by the management of the Entity’s temporary investments reflects its current investment policy, which has the following objectives: I) enhance resource efficiency, and II) mitigate the credit risk. In order to fulfill these objectives, certain guidelines and maximum amounts were established for counterparties, instruments and periods within the Entity’s policies. All transactions performed in Mexican pesos and foreign currency are supported by an outline brokerage agreement duly executed by both parties with regulated institutions belonging to the Mexican Financial System, which have the guarantees required by the company and recognized credit ratings. The only instruments authorized for temporary investments are those issued by the federal government, corporate and banking institutions under the repurchase modality. As the Entity does not consider its credit risk to be material or significant, it does not perform a measurement for temporary investments h. Liquidity risk management The ultimate responsibility for managing liquidity lies in the Financial Director, for which purpose the Entity has established policies to control and follow up on working capital, thus making it possible to manage the Entity’s short-term and long-term financing requirements. In keeping this type of control, cash flows are prepared periodically to manage risk and maintain proper reserves, credit lines are contracted and investments are planned. The Entity’s main source of liquidity is the cash earned from its operations. The following table describes the contractual maturities of the Entity’s financial liabilities considering agreed payment periods. The table has been designed based on undiscounted, projected cash flows and financial liabilities considering the respective payment dates. The table includes the projected interest rate flows and the capital disbursements made towards the financial debt included in the consolidated statements of financial position. If interest is agreed at variable rates, the undiscounted amount is calculated based on the interest rate curves at the end of the period being reported. Contractual maturities are based on the minimum date on which the Entity must make the respective payments. As of December 31, 2015 Long-term debt Average effective interest rate 5.49% $ Up to 1 year 1,000,986 $ Up to 2 years 1,048,079 $ Up to 3 years 717,767 $ Up to 4 years 2,669,308 Up to 5 years or more $ 1,471,296 $ Total 6,907,436 Debt instruments Financial leasing Derivatives Suppliers Accounts payable Total 4.70% 321,818 331,341 2,772,813 222,647 4,481,332 8,129,951 4.00% 32,789 32,789 32,789 32,789 565,089 696,245 97,806 3,013,091 - - - - - - - 97,806 - 3,013,091 635,802 - - - - 635,802 $ 5,102,292 $ 1,412,209 $ 3,523,369 $ 2,924,744 $ 6,517,717 $ 19,480,331 As of December 31, 2014 Long-term debt Average effective interest rate 4.97% $ Up to 1 year 1,751,434 $ Up to 2 years 1,946,208 $ Up to 3 years 2,152,688 Up to 4 years $ 1,945,586 $ Up to 5 years or more 2,217,377 $ Total 10,013,293 Debt instruments Financial leasing Derivatives Suppliers Accounts payable Total 4.05% 102,346 102,628 102,628 2,547,367 - 2,854,969 4.00% 33,723 33,723 33,723 33,723 595,085 729,977 6,146 2,694,015 601,854 - - - - - - - - - - 6,146 - 2,694,015 - 601,854 $ 5,189,518 $ 2,082,559 $ 2,289,039 $ 4,526,676 $ 2,812,462 $ 16,900,254 71 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA As of December 31, 2013 Long-term debt Debt instruments Financial leasing Suppliers Accounts payable Total Average effective interest rate 4.79% $ Up to 1 year 520,240 $ Up to 2 years 581,546 $ Up to 3 years 629,085 $ Up to 4 years 748,952 $ Up to 5 years or more 451,006 $ Total 2,930,829 4.54% 115,014 123,861 106,167 123,861 2,541,933 3,010,836 5,964 - - - - 5,964 1,408,565 197,709 - - - - - - - 1,408,565 - 197,709 $ 2,247,492 $ 705,407 $ 735,252 $ 872,813 $ 2,992,939 $ 7,553,903 i. Fair value of financial instruments This notes provides information on the manner in which the Entity determines the fair values of the different financial assets and liabilities. Some of the Entity’s financial assets and liabilities are valued at fair value at each reporting period. The following table contains information on the procedure for determining the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities (specifically the valuation technique(s) and input data used). Financial assets/liabilities 1) Forwards and currency options agreements $ Fair value (1)(2) Figures in thousands of USD 31.dic13 (25) 31.dic.14 (136) $ $ 31.dic.15 (315) Fair value hierarchy Nivel 2 Valuation technique(s) and main input data Plain vanilla forwards are calculated based on discounted cash flows on forward exchange type bases. The main input data are the Spot, the risk-free rates in MXN and USD + a rate that reflects the credit risk of counterparties. In the case of options, the methods used are Black and Scholes and Montecarlo digital and/or binary algorithms. Activos/pasivos financieros Interest rate swaps 2) $ 31.dic.15 5,159 Valor razonable (1)(2) Cifras en miles USD 31.dic13 482 31.dic.14 552 $ $ Jerarquía del valor razonable Nivel 2 Valuation technique(s) and main input data Discounted cash flows are estimated based on forwards interest rates (using the observable yield curves at the end of the period being reported) and the contractual rates, discounted at a rate that reflects the credit risk of the counterparties. (1) The fair value is presented from a bank’s perspective, which means that a negative amount represents a favorable result for the Entity. (2) The calculation or valuation agent used is the same counterparty or financial entity with whom the instrument is contracted, who is asked to issue the respective reports at the month-end closing dates specified by the Entity. (3) Techniques and valuations applied are those generally used by financial entities, with official price sources from banks such as Banxico for exchange rates, Proveedor Integral de Precios (PIP) and Valmer for supply and databases of rate prices, volatility, etc. In order to reduce to a minimum the credit risk associated with counterparties, the Entity contracts its financial instruments with domestic and foreign institutions that are duly authorized to engage in those operations. In the case of derivative financial instruments, a standard contract approved by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association Inc. (“ISDA”) is executed with each counterparty; the standard confirmation forms required for each transaction are also completed. Likewise, bilateral guarantee agreements are executed with each counterparty to determine policies for the margins, collateral and credit lines to be granted. This type of agreement is usually known as a “Credit Support Annex”; it establishes the credit limits that financial institutions grant to the company and which are applicable in the event of negative scenarios or fluctuations that affect the fair value of the open positions of derivative financial instruments. These agreements establish the margin calls to be implemented if credit line limits are exceeded. Aside from the bilateral agreements attached to the ISDA outline agreement known as the Credit Support Annex (CSA), the Entity monthly monitors the fair value of payable or receivable amounts. If the result is positive for the Entity and is considered relevant due to its amount, a CDS can be contracted to reduce the risk of counterparty noncompliance. The Entity has the policy of monitoring the number of operations contracted with each of these institutions so as to avoid margin calls and mitigate the counterparty credit risk. At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Entity has not received any margin calls and does not have any securities given as a guarantee with counterparties as interest rate hedges. Furthermore, it did not record any instances of noncompliance with the contracts executed with different financial institutions for operations involving interest rate hedges. 73 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA a. Fair value of financial assets and liabilities that are not valued at fair value on a recurring basis (but that require fair value disclosure) Except for the matter described in the following table, Management considers that the carrying values of financial assets and liabilities recognized at amortized cost in the consolidated financial statements approximate their fair value. Financial liabilities Financial liabilities maintained at amortized cost: 12/31/2015 12/31/2014 12/31/2013 Carrying value Fair value Carrying value Fair value Carrying value Fair value Suppliers $ 3,013,091 $ 3,013,091 $ 2,694,015 $ 2,694,015 $ 1,408,565 $ 1,408,565 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 635,802 635,802 601,854 601,854 197,709 197,709 Bank loans 734,824 766,303 1,377,157 1,403,930 388,486 395,680 Current maturities of financial lease liabilities Long-term bank loans Non-current financial lease liabilities 7,190 7,190 7,878 7,878 - - 5,018,722 307,140 5,018,722 307,140 7,370,666 314,342 7,370,666 314,342 2,166,281 - 2,166,281 - Debt instruments 6,479,795 6,539,804 2,491,356 2,498,969 2,488,850 2,507,550 Total $ 16,196,564 $ 16,288,052 $ 14,857,268 $ 14,891,654 6,649,891 6,675,785 Financial liabilities 2015 Financial liabilities maintained at amortized cost: Bank loans Current maturities of financial lease liabilities Long-term bank loans Non-current financial lease liabilities Debt instruments Total Financial liabilities 2014 Financial liabilities maintained at amortized cost: Bank loans Current maturities of financial lease liabilities Long-term bank loans Non-current financial lease liabilities Debt instruments $ $ $ Level 1 734,824 7,190 5,018,722 307,140 6,479,795 12,547,671 Level 1 1,377,157 7,878 7,370,666 314,342 2,491,356 Total $ 11,561,399 Financial liabilities 2013 Financial liabilities maintained at amortized cost: Bank loans Long-term bank loans Debt instruments Total Level 1 388,486 2,166,281 2,488,850 5,043,617 $ $ Valuation a) Description of valuation techniques, policies and frequency: The derivative financial instruments used by Alsea (forwards and swaps) are contracted to reduce the risk of adverse fluctuations in exchange and interest rates. Those instruments require the Entity to exchange cash flows at future fixed dates on the face value or reference value and are valued at fair value. b) Liquidity in derivative financial operations: 1. The resources used to address financial instrument requirements will derive from the resources generated by the issuer. 2. External sources of liquidity: No external sources of financing will be used to address requirements pertaining to derivative financial instruments. 23. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Following is a description of the principal features of the stockholders’ equity accounts: a. Capital stock structure The movements in capital stock and premium on share issue are shown below: Figures at January 1, 2013 Purchase of non-controlling interest Placement of shares Figures at December 31, 2013 Repurchase of shares Placement of shares Figures at December 31, 2014 Placement of shares Number of shares 687,759,054 - - $ Capital stock (thousands of pesos) 403,339 - - $ Premium on issuance of share 2,466,822 (429,262) (170) 687,759,054 (956,201) 150,819,671 837,622,524 (136,080) 403,339 (478) 75,410 478,271 (68) 2,037,390 - 6,576,197 8,613,587 - 8,613,587 Figures at December 31, 2015 837,486,444 $ 478,203 $ As discussed in Note 19, the Entity has the put option of acquiring the non-controlling interest of Grupo Zena, this effect resulted in the application of a charge of $2,673,053 to net worth. 75 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA In April 2015, Alsea declared a dividend payment of $419,289 with a charge to the after-tax earnings account, which is to be paid against net earnings at the $0.50 (zero pesos fifty cents) per share. It authorizes the Treasury society make payment on May 29, 2015 for an amount of $419,173. In June 2014, Alsea issued 131,147,540 shares with an overallotment of 19,672,131, which was exercised with an asking price of $45.75 (forty-five Mexican pesos and 75/100 centavos) per share. The issuance was recorded net of placement expenses (see Note 1c). In April 2013, Alsea declared a dividend payment of $343,880 with a charge to the after-tax earnings account, which is to be paid against net earnings at the $0.50 (zero pesos fifty cents) per share. The fixed minimum capital with no withdrawal rights is comprised of Class I shares, while the variable portion is represented by Class II shares, and it must in no case exceed 10 times the value of the minimum capital with no withdrawal rights. The National Banking and Securities Commission has established a mechanism that allows the Entity to acquire its own shares in the market, for which purpose a reserve for repurchase of shares must be created and charged to retained earnings, which Alsea has created as of December 31, 2015. Total repurchased shares must not exceed 5% of total issued shares; they must be replaced in no more than one year, and they are not considered in the payment of dividends. The premium on the issuance of shares is the difference between the payment for subscribed shares and the par value of those same shares, or their notional value (paid-in capital stock divided by the number of outstanding shares) in the case of shares with no par value, including inflation, at December 31, 2012. Available repurchased shares are reclassified to contribute capital. In February 2013, Café Sirena, S. de R.L. de C.V. declared a cash dividend of $170,000, which was paid in proportion to the value of each of the equity participation units comprising capital stock. The amount corresponding to the non-controlling interest was $30,600. b. Stockholders’ equity restrictions I. Five percent of net earnings for the period must be set aside to create the legal reserve until it reaches 20 percent of the capital stock. At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the legal reserve amounted to $100,736, which amount does not reach the required 20%. II. Dividends paid from retained earnings are not subject to ISR if paid from the after-tax earnings account (CUFIN), and 30% must be paid on the excess, i.e., the result arrived at by multiplying the dividend paid by a factor of 1.0408. The tax accrued on the dividend payment not arising from the CUFIN must be paid by the Entity and may be credited against corporate IT in the following two years. 23. NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST a. Following is a detail of the non-controlling interest. Beginning balance at January 1, 2013 Equity in results for the year ended December 31, 2013 Café Sirena dividends declared Acquisition of Burger King Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. (2) Acquisition of the non-controlling interest of Café Sirena, S. de R.L. de C.V. Acquisition of the non-controlling interest of Starbucks Coffee Argentina, S. de R.L. de C.V. Ending balance at December 31, 2013 Equity in results for the year ended December 31, 2014 Other movements in capital Contributions of Capital in Estrella Andina, S.A.S. (1) Fair value of the non-controlling interest in Grupo Zena (note 15) (3) Ending balance at December 31, 2014 as adjustment Equity in results for the year ended December 31, 2015 Other movements in capital Capital contributions in subsidiaries Acquisition of the non-controlling interest of GASA $ Amount 308,189 (17,694) (30,600) 225,163 (201,445) (44,109) 239,504 (42,572) 1,345 27,904 607,032 833,213 51,536 10,156 31,380 (26,365) Ending balance at December 31, 2015 $ 899,920 (1) In 2014, the Entity executed an agreement with Starbucks Coffee International, Inc. (SCI) to develop and operate Starbucks® in Colombia in conjunction with Grupo Nutresa. The strategic partnership of Alsea and Grupo Nutresa to develop the brand in Colombia was implemented through a joint venture in which Alsea holds 70% equity, while Nutresa holds the remaining 30%. (2) The balance includes the restatement adjustment of $7,629 (see Notes 2b). (3) The balance includes the restatement adjustment of $101,520 (see Notes 2a). b. Acquisition of the non-controlling interest of Grupo Amigos de San Ángel- In 2015, the Entity acquired the 10.23% that it did not hold in Grupo Amigos de San Ángel, a subsidiary of Alsea that operates in the different Italiani´s stores in Mexico. For consolidation purposes, the transaction did not constitute a change in control over Grupo Amigos de San Ángel, prior to the purchase of the non-controlling interest. As the Entity had been previously consolidating the subsidiary, such accounting remained unchanged. 77 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA The change of interest in Grupo Amigos de San Ángel by Alsea upon acquisition of the non-controlling interest (from 89.77% to 100%) qualified as an equity transaction. Accordingly, the difference between the carrying value of the non-controlling interest at the time of acquisition and the fair value of amount paid was recorded directly in stockholders’ equity. The accounting entry gave rise to a decrease in the non-controlling interest of $26,365. c. Acquisition of the non-controlling interest of Starbucks Coffee Argentina- The Entity acquired from Starbucks Coffee International (an affiliate of Starbucks Coffee Company) the remaining 18% of Starbucks Coffee Argentina, S.R.L. (Starbucks Argentina), a subsidiary of Alsea that operates the Starbucks Coffee stores in Argentina. For accounting purposes, the transaction did not constitute a change in control over Starbucks Coffee Argentina prior to the purchase of the non-controlling interest. As the Entity had been previously consolidating with the subsidiary, such accounting remained unchanged. The change of interest in Starbucks Coffee Argentina by Alsea upon acquisition of the non-controlling interest (from 82% to 100%) qualified as an equity transaction. Accordingly, the difference between the carrying of the non-controlling interest at the time of acquisition and the fair value of the amount paid was recorded directly in stockholders’ equity. The accounting entry gave rise to a $44,109 decrease in the non-controlling interest. d. Acquisition of the non-controlling interest of Starbucks Coffee Mexico In April 2014, the Entity acquired from SCI the 18% that it did not hold in Café Sirena, a subsidiary of Alsea that operates in the different Starbucks® stores in Mexico. For consolidation purposes, the transaction did not constitute a change in control over Café Sirena prior to the purchase of the non- controlling interest. As the Entity had been previously consolidating the subsidiary, such accounting remained unchanged. The change of interest in Café Sirena by Alsea upon acquisition of the non-controlling interest (from 82% to 100%) qualified as an equity transaction. Accordingly, the difference between the carrying value of the non-controlling interest at the time of acquisition and the fair value of amount paid was recorded directly in stockholders’ equity. The accounting entry gave rise to a decrease in the non-controlling interest of $201,445. e. Following is the detail of the Non-Controlling interest of the subsidiaries of the Entity: Subsidiary Country Percentages of the non-controlling interest 31/12/2014 31/12/2015 31/12/2013 Income (loss) attributable to the non-controlling interest 31/12/2014 31/12/2015 31/12/2013 Accumulated non-controlling interest 31/12/2014 31/12/2015 31/12/2013 Food Service Project, S.L (Grupo Zena) Operadora de Franquicias Alsea, S.A. de C.V. Estrella Andina S.A.S. España 28.24 % 28.24 % 0.00 % 86,131 25,132 - 1,187,814 708,552 - México 20.00 % 20.00 % 20.00 % (28,676) (59,326) (18,570) 116,966 225,163 225,163 Colombia 30.00 % 30.00 % 0.00 % (5,480) (6,749) - 35,157 27,904 - 25. EARNINGS PER SHARE Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit for the period attributable to the controlling interest holders of ordinary capital by the average weighted number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit attributable to controlling interest holders of ordinary capital (after adjusting for interest on the convertible preferential shares, if any) by the average weighted ordinary shares outstanding during the year plus average weighted ordinary shares issued when converting all potentially ordinary diluted shares to ordinary shares. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Entity has no potentially dilutive shares, for which reason diluted earnings per share is equal to basic earnings per share. The following table contains data on income and shares used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share: Net profit (in thousands of pesos): Attributable to shareholders Shares (in thousands of shares): Weighted average of shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Basic earnings per share continuing operations 2015 2014 2013 $ 981,215 $ 666,666 $ 681,014 837,486 837,623 687,514 $ $ 1.17 1.17 $ $ 0.85 0.87 $ $ 0.99 0.99 79 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA 26. REVENUES Revenues from the sale of goods Services Royalties $ 2015 31,471,313 487,346 329,717 $ 2014 22,178,483 378,654 230,231 $ 2013 15,284,589 249,174 163,951 Total $ 32,288,376 $ 22,787,368 $ 15,697,714 27. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT EXPENSES Following are the expenses incurred for employee benefits included under other operating costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of income. Wages and salaries Social Security costs Retirement benefits Total 28. OTHER EXPENSES (INCOME) In 2015, 2014 and 2013, this caption is comprised as follows: Legal expenses Loss on fixed assets disposals, net PTU on tax base Inflation and interest on tax refund Other income, net Total 2015 7,188,412 962,914 25,770 $ 2014 4,585,809 731,405 41,332 $ 2013 2,832,469 517,627 27,678 8,177,096 $ 5,358,546 $ 3,377,774 2015 2014 2013 $ 25,019 40,227 6,371 (32,649) 16,698 $ 23,118 189,306 20,371 (10,035) (21,029) 18,552 24,386 3,920 (24,347) (45,162) 55,666 $ 201,731 $ (22,651) $ $ $ $ 29. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS a. Disposal of operations related to the Pei Wei Asian Dinner brand At the end of 2014, the Entity’s management decided to discontinue the operations of the Pei Wei Asian Dinner Brand in Mexico: The stores of such brand will end its operation at the beginning of 2015, consequently such operations are presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements. b. Analysis of the results for the year from discontinued operations The comparative results of discontinued operations included in the consolidated statements of income are detailed below. Results for the year from discontinued operations Income Costs Expenses Loss for the year of the discontinued operations 2014 2013 15,676 5,164 29,133 (18,621) $ $ 20,827 6,914 18,389 (4,476) $ Cash flows are presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows. 30. BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES Officer compensations and benefits The total amount of compensation paid by the Entity to its main advisors and officers for the nine-month period ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was of approximately $121,800, $98,400 and $87,700, respectively. That amount includes payments determined at a General Stockholders’ Meeting for performance of their duties during that year, as well as for salaries and wages. The Entity continuously reviews salaries, bonuses and other compensation plans in order to ensure more competitive employee compensation conditions. 81 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA 31. FINANCIAL INFORMATION BY SEGMENTS The Entity is organized into four large operating divisions comprised of sales of food and beverages in Mexico and South America (LATAM – Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Brazil) and distribution services, all headed by the same management. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those of the Entity’s described in Note 3. The Food and Beverages segments in which Alsea in Mexico, Spain and Latin America (LATAM) participates are as follows: Fast Food: This segment has the following features: i) fixed and restricted menus, ii) food for immediate consumption, iii) strict control over individual portions of each ingredient and finished product, and iv) individual packages, among others. This type of segment can be easily accessed and therefore penetration is feasible at any location. Coffee Shops: Specialized shops where coffee is the main item on the menu. The distinguishing aspects are top quality services and competitive prices, and the image/ambiance is aimed at attracting all types of customers. Casual Dining: This segment comprises service restaurants where orders are taken from customers and there are also to-go and home delivery services. The image/ambiance of these restaurants is aimed at attracting all types of customers. This segment covers fast food and gourmet restaurants. The main features of casual dining stores are i) easy access, ii) informal dress code, iii) casual atmosphere, iv) modern ambiance, v) simple decor, vi) top quality services, and vii) reasonable prices. Alcoholic beverages are usually sold at those establishments. Restaurant – cafeteria - (VIPS): Is a familiar-type segment and its main characteristic is the hospitality, and be close to the client. These restaurants have a wide variety of menus. Fast Casual Dining: This is a combination of the fast food and casual dining segments. The distribution and Production segment is defined as follows: Distribuidora e Importadora Alsea, S.A. de C.V. (DIA) specializes in domestic purchase, importation, transporting, storage and distribution of frozen, refrigerated and dry food products to supply all Domino’s Pizza, Burger King, Starbucks, Chili’s Grill & Bar, P.F. Chang’s China Bistro, Pei Wei and Italianni’s establishments in Mexico. Additionally, DIA is responsible for preparing and distributing pizza dough to the entire Domino’s Pizza System in Mexico. Panadería y Alimentos para Food Service, S.A. de C.V. This plant produces sandwiches and bread that are supplied to Starbucks and the other Alsea brands. The business model contemplates a central plant located in Lerma, in the State of Mexico, where the Pastry and Bakery products and sandwiches are prepared. The definition of the operating segments is based on the financial information provided by General Management and it is reported on the same bases as those used internally by each operating segment. Likewise, the performance evaluations of the operating segments are periodically reviewed. Information on the segments for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is as follows: (figures in millions of pesos). Figures in millions of pesos as of December 31, division: Food and beverages - Mexican segment Food and beverages – LATAM segment Food and beverages – Spain Division Distribution and production segment Eliminations Consolidated 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 Revenues From third parties $ 18,629 $ 15,533 $ 10,326 $ 6,718 $ 4,621 $ 4,219 $ 5,674 $ 1,468 $ - $ 1,235 $ 1,132 $ 1,130 $ 32 $ 34 $ 23 $ 32,288 $ 22,788 $ 15,698 Between segments 43 58 25 - Revenues 18,672 15,591 10,351 6,718 Costs Other operating costs and expenses 6,244 9,683 5,078 8,397 3,371 5,417 2,132 4,103 - 1,468 - - 5,139 6,374 3,932 5,064 3,200 4,330 (5,182) (5,150) (3,990) (3,956) (3,225) (3,202) - 32,288 - 22,788 - 15,698 410 - 5,344 4,218 3,615 (5,152) (3,997) (3,205) 10,149 7,272 854 - 668 533 461 24 139 58 17,836 12,713 - 4,621 1,563 2,790 174 104 (28) 2 16 - 4,219 1,440 2,501 178 54 (26) 18 54 - 5,674 1,581 3,358 239 94 - - 237 139 (25) 16 116 55 30 - - - - - - 72 4 (7) 66 227 402 119 - - - - - - - - (28) 144 55 (39) 71 (17) 97 305 29 - 90 - 50 177 1,948 1,333 69 14 (5) 12 223 - 17 61 10 (2) - 185 - 30 117 174 53 90 28 75 68 47 21 112 (19) (12) 711 (30) 179 (456) (250) (223) 1,495 28 125 32 78 43 28 (17) 490 206 155 (553) (296) (163) 1,033 5,221 8,437 920 241 (39) 8 910 43 285 668 (4) (18) 527 (33) - 976 32 365 643 (19) (43) 1,283 1,007 300 (51) 7 1,206 304 (68) 5 868 - - 246 960 186 682 634 156 (123) 2 894 - 201 693 Depreciation and amortization Interest paid Interest earned Other financial expenses Equity in results of associated companies Income taxes Results of segments Discontinued operations Non-controlling interest - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52 (19) (43) (4) - (18) 52 Controlling interest $ 960 $ 682 $ 693 $ 144 $ (39)$ (17)$ 305 $ 90 $ - $ 177 $ 206 $ 155 $ (605)$ (272)$ (149)$ 981 $ 667 $ 682 83 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA Alimentosy bebidas México Alimentos y bebidas latam Alimentos y bebidas España Distribución y producción Eliminaciones Consolidado 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 2015 2014 2013 $ 18,205 $ 12,440 $ 10,585 $ 2,605 $ 2,524 $ 2,389 $ 3,437 $ 3,338 $ - $ 2,303 $ 2,188 $ 2,022 $ 1,940 $ 7,072 $ (4,607)$ 28,490 $ 27,562 $ 10,389 - - - - - - - - - - - - 923 830 789 923 830 789 2,072 1,644 1,031 417 493 216 476 198 - 29 76 32 446 70 (21) 3,440 2,481 1,258 Assets: Investment in performing assets (Investment in associated companies) (Investment in fixed assets and Intangible assets) Total assets $ 20,277 $ 14,084 $ 11,616 $ 3,022 $ 3,017 $ 2,605 $ 3,913 $ 3,536 $ - $ 2,332 $ 2,264 $ 2,054 $ 3,309 $ 7,972 $ (3,839)$ 32,853 $ 30,872 $ 12,436 Total liabilities$ 7,270 $ 8,940 $ 6,449 $ 2,566 $ 2,535 $ 2,372 $ 3,805 $ 3,694 $ - $ 1,477 $ 1,461 $ 1,335 $ 7,887 $ 4,650 $ (2,251)$ 23,005 $ 21,280 $ 7,905 32. FOREIGN CURRENCY POSITION Assets and liabilities expressed in US dollars, shown in the reporting currency at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, are as follows: Assets Liabilities Net monetary liability position Thousands of dollars 2015 Thousands of dollars 2014 1,300,457 $ (4,379,546) 1,371,033 $ (4,273,402) Thousands of dollars 2013 621,813 (742,732) (3,079,089) $ (2,902,369) $ (120,919) $ $ The exchange rate to the US dollar at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $17.25, $14.74 and $13.05, respectively. At March 31, 2016, date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements, the exchange rate was $17.25 to the US dollar. The exchange rates used in the different conversions to the reporting currency at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 and at the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements are shown below: Country of origin 2015 Argentina Chile Colombia Spain Country of origin 2014 Argentina Chile Colombia España Currency Argentinian peso (ARP) Chilean peso (CLP) Colombian peso (COP) Euro (EUR) Currency Argentinian peso (ARP) Chilean peso (CLP) Colombian peso (COP) Euro (EUR) Country of origin 2013 Argentina Chile Colombia Currency Argentinian peso (ARP) Chilean peso (CLP) Colombian peso (COP) Closing exchange rate Issuance March 31, 2016 1.3408 0.0244 0.0054 18.8344 1.1862 0.0252 0.0057 19.5332 Closing exchange rate Issuance March 31, 2016 1.7235 0.0240 0.0062 17.6926 1.7108 0.0241 0.0059 16.8876 Closing exchange rate Issuance March 31, 2016 2.0108 0.0248 0.0067 1.7091 0.0240 0.0065 85 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA In converting the figures, the Entity used the following exchange rates: Foreign transaction Fast Food Sudamericana, S. A. Starbucks Coffee Argentina, S. R. L. Asian Bistro Argentina, S.R.L. Fast Food Chile, S. A. Asian Food Ltda, Dominalco, S. A. Operadora Alsea en Colombia, S. A. Asian Bistro Colombia, S.A.S Food Service Project S.L. Country of origin Argentina Argentina Argentina Chile Chile Colombia Colombia Colombia Spain Currency Recording ARP ARP ARP CLP CLP COP COP COP EUR Functional ARP ARP ARP CLP CLP COP COP COP EUR Presentation MXP MXP MXP MXP MXP MXP MXP MXP 33. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES Commitments: a. The Entity leases locales to house its stores and distribution centers, as well as certain equipment further to the lease agreements entered into for defined periods (see Note 12). b. The Entity has acquired several commitments with respect to the arrangements established in the agreements for purchase of the brands. c. In the regular course of operations, the Entity acquires commitments derived from supply agreements, which in some cases establish contractual penalties in the event of breach of such agreements. Contingent liabilities: In August 2012, Italcafé received an order for an on-site official review by the tax authorities. Such visit concluded in August 2013 with certain observations regarding income that the authorities considered had not been declared and differences in VAT paid. Italcafé is currently in the phase for submitting additional documentation in order to clarify the aforementioned differences. The authorities have a six-month term, that concludes in February 2014, to assess a tax debt of approximately $146 million. On the basis of the foregoing, Alsea will file an appeal against a possible tax debt. It is important to mention that the former owners of Italcafé will assume the economic effects arising from such tax debt in light of the terms and conditions set forth in the agreements signed by Alsea and the sellers. On November 3, 2014, the Entity filed a Motion for Reconsideration with the Tax Inspection Office of the Federal District against the tax liability determined by the Finance Department of the Federal District. On February 13, 2015, the Tax Inspection Office issued a request for additional information, which was provided on February 20 of that year. This Motion for Reconsideration is currently being studied by the Tax Inspection Office of the Federal District. In the event of an unfavorable ruling, the Entity will file a Ruling for Annulment. The attorneys of the vendor and Alsea consider that they have a good chance of success. During the 2 to 3 years that this legal action will take, the tax liability will not be considered as definitive. 34. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS On March 3, 2016, Alsea signed the contract purchase-sale of the assets of the chain of Italian restaurants Archie’s in Colombia (Archie Colombia’s, S.A.S.). Founded in 1993, Archie’s restaurant chain is the largest in Colombia and one of the major chains that country Italian food. Its operation includes 41 restaurants in 7 major cities in Colombia, and has presence in major shopping centers. At the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements, it has not carried out the closure of this operation. 35. FINANCIAL STATEMENT AUTHORIZATION The consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance on March 31, 2016 by Mr. Diego Gaxiola Cuevas, Administration and Financial Director, and therefore they do not reflect any facts that might occur after that date and are subject to the approval of the audit committee and the Entity’s stockholders, who can decide to modify them in accordance with the provisions of the Corporations Law. Mr. Alberto Torrado Martínez General Director Mr. Diego Gaxiola Cuevas Administration and Financial Director Mr. Alejandro Villarruel Morales Corporate Controller 87 Annual Report 2015Encendemos el espíritu de la gente ALSEA G4-31 Investor Information ALSEA Finance Diego Gaxiola Cuevas Director de Finanzas +52(55) 5241-7151 Social Responsibility Ivonne Madrid Canudas responsabilidad-social@alsea.com.mx +52(55) 5241-7100 ext. 7335 Investor Relations Salvador Villaseñor Barragán ri@alsea.com.mx +52(55) 5241-7035 Public Relations Selene González Serrato rp@alsea.com.mx +52(55) 5241-7134 Headquarters Alsea, S.A.B. de C.V. Av. Paseo de la Reforma #222 3er. piso, Torre 1 Corporativo, Colonia Juárez, Del. Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06600, Ciudad de México +52(55) 5241-7100 Independent Auditors Deloitte Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C. Av. Paseo de la Reforma #489 6º piso, Col. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 06500, Ciudad de México +52(55) 5080-6000 people’s spirits Stirring Annual Report 2015 2015 Annual Report Stirring people’s spirits www. alsea .net 25 years Stirring people’s spirits 

Continue reading text version or see original annual report in PDF format above