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Ameris Bancorp

abcb · NASDAQ Financial Services
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Industry Banks - Regional
Employees 1001-5000
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FY2023 Annual Report · Ameris Bancorp
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2023 ANNUAL REPORT

DEAR SHAREHOLDERS,
Durable, reliable, and built-to-last are terms descriptive of Ameris 
Bancorp in 2023, as we powered through the year with strength  
and stability. 

It’s no secret that the financial services industry was tested last 
year.  We believe our diversified business mix and healthy deposit 
base – along with our team’s capital management and commitment 
to customer relationships – largely contributed to our successful 
results.  Our structure, geographic market coverage, product suite and 
technology platform are designed to meet today’s needs and position 
the company for future growth.

In 2023, Ameris posted net income of $269.1 million, or $3.89 per 
diluted share.  We grew tangible book value by 12.4% and strengthened 
our balance sheet through strong deposit growth, controlled loan 
growth, sound asset quality, increased reserves for credit losses and 
robust capital growth.  We increased our tangible common equity ratio 
to 9.64% and ended the year with total assets of $25.2 billion.  Further, 
we accomplished this while maintaining a better than peer efficiency 
ratio of 52.58%. 

Building upon our more than 50-year foundation, the Ameris tradition 
of customer care was enhanced with a new digital platform, making it 
easier for customers to transact with us when and where they want.  
Importantly, even with significant technology enhancements, the 
interpersonal interactions of our front-line teammates to counsel and 
serve customers remains a priority and the hallmark of our brand.

We believe that Ameris continues to be an attractive investment.  
Ameris achieved a 14% shareholder return in 2023, and fully 48% 
shareholder return over the past three years.  

For 2024 and beyond, our leadership team and Board of Directors 
have worked together on a strategic plan to fuel our focus on growing 
deposits, expanding business banking and delivering an exceptional 
customer experience.

We appreciate your continued interest and confidence in Ameris,  
and we are well positioned to accelerate our performance in the 
coming year.

On behalf of all Ameris teammates, thank you. 

H. Palmer Proctor Jr. 
Chief Executive Officer 

Leo J. Hill 
Lead Independent Director 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 | 1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$20.00

$15.00

$10.00

$5.00

$35.00

$30.00

$25.00

$20.00

$15.00

$10.00

3.00%

2.50%

2.00%

1.50%

1.00%

1
7
.
0
2
$

2020

2021

2022

2023

TOTAL DEPOSITS 
(In billions of dollars)

.

4
6
3
3
$

2020

2021

2022

2023

TANGIBLE BOOK VALUE PER SHARE
(In dollars)

%
7
9
.
1

2020

2021

2022

2023

PRE-TAX PRE-PROVISION NET 
REVENUE ROA 
(In percentages)

2  | AMERIS BANCORP

$30.00

$25.00

$20.00

$15.00

$10.00

$6.00

$5.00

$4.00

$3.00

$2.00

$1.00

$1.25

$1.00

$0.75

$0.50

$0.25

.

0
2
5
2
$

2020

2021

2022

2023

TOTAL ASSETS 
(In billions of dollars)

.

9
8
3
$

2020

2021

2022

2023

EARNINGS PER SHARE 
(In dollars)

8
0
.
1
$

2020

2021

2022

2023

TOTAL REVENUE 
(In billions of dollars)

Performance

$20.71 BILLION 
Total Deposits

$33.64  
Tangible Book Value 
Per Share 

$3.89  
Earnings Per Share  

1.97%  
Pre-Tax Pre-Provision  
Net Revenue ROA 

$1.08 
BILLION  
Total Revenue

$25.20 BILLION  
Total Assets

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 | 3

Enhancing the  
Customer Experience

In 2023, Ameris continued to invest in the tools, talent and technology to provide 
an exceptional customer experience. By keeping customers at the center of all that 
we do, we build lasting relationships, enhance brand reputation and drive long-term 
profitability to fulfill our purpose of bringing financial peace of mind to the communities 
we serve, one person at a time.

New Mobile App and Online Digital Experience 

Ameris launched a new mobile app and online platform with enhanced features, 
including easier navigation and simplified login. Customers now have a comprehensive 
view of their Ameris deposit, mortgage, lending and credit card accounts all in one place.

4  | AMERIS BANCORP

Business Banking Expands  
Ameris expanded its Business Banking team to fuel market  
growth in high opportunity areas. This enhances our ability to 
increase deposits, attract new customers and deepen existing 
customer relationships.

“Our Business Banking products and services play an important role in  
supporting local businesses and economies, and we have added capabilities  
to meet increased demand.”  
- Lawton Bassett, Ameris Bank President

Voice ID  
Ameris introduced new technology in 2023 for teammates to verify 
callers by the sound of their voice, allowing fast and efficient service 
with enhanced security. Not only does this technology provide added 
convenience for customers, it also provides added features designed 
to thwart fraud attempts to keep customers’ funds safe.

Meaningful Customer Communication  
Ameris launched quarterly fraud prevention communications to 
help customers understand what to watch out for and how to 
better keep their finances secure. Ameris also provides regular 
emails, newsletters, blogs and online updates with helpful tips for 
consumers to better manage their money.

Opportunity Checking  
Ameris introduced a new checking product in 2023 to provide 
customers who may not qualify for a standard checking account 
access to banking services along with financial education tools. 
Benefits include no overdraft fees, access to a debit card, digital 
tools to help manage money and financial education to help 
customers learn about building their credit and participating in the 
financial system. 

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 | 5

Enriching Communities

Ameris Bank is committed to investing in the communities we serve. With a focus on 
financial equity, the health and well-being of our neighbors, education and mental wellness, 
we are proud of the investments we make and the time our teammates dedicate to building 
a brighter future.

165+  
Community  
Partners

9,000,000+  
Food Items Donated  
Since 2010

Key Community Partners

•  Shepherd Center

•  Georgia Coalition Against Domestic Violence

•  Estamos Aquí Festival

•  American Foundation for Suicide Prevention

•  Autism Speaks

Financial Literacy  
Ameris provided financial education to more than 1,200 high school students, including 14 low-to-moderate 
income communities. This meaningful training led to higher assessment scores, including a 36% improvement in 
understanding options to pay for college. 

Community Lending  
Community Lending for Ameris provides oversight of the bank’s commitments to the Community Reinvestment Act 
and Fair Lending programs.

“Our goal is to provide financial peace of mind to our customers in every area we 
serve. We are proud of the great work we are doing to help support customers at 
all stages of their financial journeys. We look forward to the significant impact that 
our programs, such as ‘Ameris Choice,’ will have in helping customers with a rate 
buydown, or down payment or closing cost assistance. This is an example of our 
commitment to help people achieve homeownership.”  

- Clyde Anderson, SVP, Director of Community Lending

6  | AMERIS BANCORP

Ameris Bank Medical Education Center Grand Opening

Helping with HEART 

Since 2018, Ameris has donated to rural 
hospitals through the Georgia HEART 
Hospital Program, which partners with the 
Georgia Rural Hospital Tax Credit to increase 
funding to rural and critical access hospitals 
throughout the state. 

In 2023, Ameris donated $2 million to 15 
hospitals, totaling more than $10 million over 
six years! 

The Ameris Bank Medical Education Center 
— an extension of Colquitt Regional Medical 
Center, a reputable hospital in Moultrie, Ga. — 
opened in November 2023. 

The hospital used the funds provided by 
Ameris Bank through the Georgia HEART 
Hospital program to build a state-of-the-art 
training center that will ultimately enhance the 
level of care that it provides to the community. 

Ameris donated

$2 MILLION
to
15 HOSPITALS

now totaling more than
$10 MILLION
over six years!

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 | 7

 
 
 
8  | AMERIS BANCORP

Empowering Our Teammates

At Ameris, we believe that happy teammates lead to happy customers. Investing in 
and empowering our teammates is not just our responsibility, it’s a strategic imperative 
that directly impacts our long-term success. Teammates are differentiators, giving us a 
competitive advantage built on the foundation of Ameris Bank’s strong culture of care.

Paid Volunteer Time  
In 2023, Ameris provided each teammate eight hours of paid time to support 
volunteering and investing in their local communities. Organizations supported ranged 
from schools and youth groups to food and shelter outreach centers, and more. 

Strategic Pillars  
The company coalesced around three Strategic Pillars to establish a common and 
unified focus to grow meaningful business and deposit relationships while providing an 
exceptional customer experience.

Courageous Fund  
The Courageous Fund, established in 2023, is fueled by teammate donations to support 
fellow teammates facing personal financial hardships. Named for our lion mascot, a 
symbol of strength and pride, the Courageous Fund provides grants to eligible teammates 
in need of financial assistance for addressing issues such as hurricane recovery.  

Learning and Development Programs  
We continued our investment in Learning and Development programs, including 
leadership development, emotional intelligence, situational leadership and many other 
topics. For example, the 2023 Innovation Project featured teams from across Ameris who 
came together focused on improving the customer experience and driving efficiency. 
In addition to successful outcomes, participants gained new skills such as leadership, 
cross-training and making valuable connections.

Mentor Ameris Program  
The Mentor Ameris Program welcomed the largest-ever class of participants who 
partnered to foster professional development during their nine-month commitment. 
Here, mentors are matched with high potential teammates to share their guidance and 
experiences in this key program to develop talent across all functions of the bank.     

Employee Resource Groups  
Ameris Employee Resource Groups supported teammates by promoting diversity and 
inclusion through volunteer initiatives, community outreach and education.     

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 | 9

Executive  
Team

Top row, left to right

Bottom row, left to right

Nicole S. Stokes, CPA 
Corporate Executive Vice President  
and Chief Financial Officer

Lawton E. Bassett III  
Corporate Executive Vice President,  
Chief Banking Officer and  
Ameris Bank President 

H. Palmer Proctor Jr. 
Chief Executive Officer

James A. LaHaise 
Corporate Executive Vice President  
and Chief Strategy Officer

Michael T. Pierson 
Corporate Executive Vice President,  
Chief Governance Officer, and  
Corporate Secretary 

Jody L. Spencer 
Corporate Executive Vice President  
and Chief Legal Officer

Ross L. Creasy 
Corporate Executive Vice President  
and Chief Information Officer

William D. McKendry 
Corporate Executive Vice President  
and Chief Risk Officer

Douglas D. Strange 
Corporate Executive Vice President  
and Chief Credit Officer

10  | AMERIS BANCORP

Board of Directors
Board of Directors

James B. Miller Jr. 
Chairman  
Ameris Bancorp and Ameris Bank

Leo J. Hill
Lead Independent Director 
Ameris Bancorp, Ameris Bank and 
Transamerica Mutual Funds 
(Financial Services)

H. Palmer Proctor Jr. 
CEO and Vice Chairman  
Ameris Bancorp and Ameris Bank

William I. Bowen Jr. 
Bowen-Donaldson Home  
for Funerals  
(Funeral Services)

Rodney D. Bullard 
CEO 
The Same House 
(Nonprofit) 

Wm. Millard Choate 
Founder and Chairman 
Choate Construction Company  
(Construction)

R. Dale Ezzell 
Owner 
Wisecards Printing  
(Print Services)

Daniel B. Jeter 
Chairman and Owner 
Standard Discount Corporation  
(Consumer Finance)

Robert P. Lynch 
CFO 
Lynch Management Company  
(Automobile Sales)

Elizabeth A. McCague 
Chief of Staff 
Jacksonville Port Authority  
(Transportation)

Claire E. McLean 
COO 
Preferred Capital Securities, LLC 
(Financial Services)

Gloria A. O’Neal 
Retired Executive  
(Financial Services)

William H. Stern 
President and CEO 
Stern & Stern and Associates  
(Real Estate) 

Jimmy D. Veal 
Owner 
Beachview Event Rentals & Design  
(Event Services)

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 | 11

Community Boards  
of Directors

Our Community Boards of Directors are an extension of our bank. They are leaders within our communities and  
vital to our mission of growing banking relationships. We are honored to have their support, service and expertise.

Gainesville & Ocala, FL

Moultrie, GA

Albany, GA

Regional President: 
Michael T. Lee

Market President: 
Chris M. Misamore

Directors:  
Reid E. Mills, Chairman  
Bonny B. Dorough  
Y. Duncan Moore Jr.  
J. Austin Turner 

Carolinas

Regional President: 
H. Richard Sturm

Regional President: 
Brian R. Parks

City President: 
Michael Carnevale   

Directors: 
Thomas P. McIntosh,  
   Chairman 
Adra B. Kennard 
Breck A. Weingart

Director Emeritus:  
James D. Salter

Jacksonville, FL

Market President:                                
Ryan A. Earwaker

Regional President: 
Brian R. Parks 

Directors:  
Joseph P. Helow,  
   Chairman  
Robert M. Bradley Jr.  
Phillip H. Cury 
John A. Delaney 
Major B. Harding Jr. 
Robert P. Lynch  
J. Charles Wilson, CPA

Directors: 
William H. Stern, Chairman  
Kirkman Finlay, III 
Edward G. McDonnell 
William Weston J. Newton 
Laurens C. Nicholson  
A. Rae Phillips  

Douglas, GA

Regional President: 
Michael T. Lee 

Market President:  
David B. Batchelor 

City President:  
M. Shane Shook

Directors:  
Kevin L. Gilliard,  
   Chairman  
Faye H. Hennesy 
Alfred Lott Jr.  
Donnie H. Smith

12  | AMERIS BANCORP

Regional President: 
Michael T. Lee 

Market President:  
David Buckridge

Directors:  
Thomas W. Rowell,  
   Chairman 
Thomas L. Estes, MD 
R. Plenn Hunnicutt  
Daniel B. Jeter  
Lynn L. Jones Jr.  
J. Mark Mobley Jr. 

Director Emeritus:  
Brooks Sheldon

Southeast Georgia Coast 

Regional President: 
Michael T. Lee

Market President: 
James B. Danowski

Market President:                
James Rogers

City President St Mary:                
Brad Morris

Directors:  
Jimmy D. Veal, Chairman 
Michael L. Davis  
Stephen V. Kinney 

Directors Emeritus: 
John W. McDill  
Thomas I. Stafford Jr. 
J. Thomas Whelchel

 
Valdosta, GA

Regional President: 
Michael T. Lee

Market President: 
William W. Moore III

Directors:  
Charles E. Smith,  
   Chairman  
Bart T. Mizell  
M. Alan Wheeler 

Directors Emeritus:  
Doyle Weltzbarker 
Henry C. Wortman

Vidalia, GA

Regional President: 
Michael T. Lee 

Market President: 
David B. Batchelor

Directors: 
Christopher A. Hopkins,  
   Chairman 
Pollyann F. Martin 
Britton J. McDade 
Jeffery S. McLain

St. Augustine, FL

Regional President: 
Brian R. Parks  

Market President: 
Cecil F. Gibson III

Directors:  
Mark F. Bailey Sr.,  
   Chairman 
David W. Alban 
T. Brooks Burkhardt 
J. Joseph Hatin

Director Emeritus:  
Melvin A. McQuaig

Tifton, GA
Regional President: 
Michael T. Lee 

Market President: 
Joshua S. Bowen

Directors: 
William I. Bowen Jr.,  
   Chairman  
Austin L. Coarsey  
Scott R. Fulp, DDS 
John Alan Lindsey 
Wesley T. Paulk  
Fortson B. Turner 

Directors Emeritus:  
J. Raymond Fulp 
Loran A. Pate

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 | 13

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report contains statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the 
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The words “believe”, 
“estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “anticipate” and similar expressions and variations thereof identify certain of such forward-looking 
statements, which speak only as of the dates which they were made. Ameris Bancorp undertakes no obligation to publicly update 
or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Readers are cautioned 
that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and that 
actual results may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. Readers 
are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Please refer to Ameris Bancorp’s filings with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a summary of important factors that may affect 
Ameris Bancorp’s forward-looking statements.

ANNUAL REPORT 2023 
FORM 10-K 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒

☐

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, or

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
OF 1934

For the transition period from 

 to 

 .

Commission File Number
001-13901

AMERIS BANCORP
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Georgia
(State of incorporation)

58-1456434
(IRS Employer ID No.)

3490 Piedmont Road N.E., Suite 1550, Atlanta, Georgia 30305
(Address of principal executive offices)

(404) 639-6500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $1 per share

ABCB

Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate  by  check  mark  if  the  registrant  is  a  well-known  seasoned  issuer,  as  defined  in  Rule  405  of  the  Securities 
Act.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities 
Exchange Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  (1)  has  filed  all  reports  required  to  be  filed  by  Section  13  or  15(d)  of  the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to 
file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted 
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period 
that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller 
reporting  company,  or  an  emerging  growth  company.  See  the  definitions  of  “large  accelerated  filer,”  “accelerated  filer,” 
“smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer

☒
☐

Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company

☐
☐
☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for 
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  has  filed  a  report  on  and  attestation  to  its  management’s  assessment  of  the 
effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) 
by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.     
☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the 
registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. 
☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-
based  compensation  received  by  any  of  the  registrant’s  executive  officers  during  the  relevant  recovery  period  pursuant  to 
§240.10D-1(b).    
☐

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  is  a  shell  company  (as  defined  in  Rule  12b-2  of  the  Securities  Exchange 
Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the 
voting and non-voting common equity held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $2.23 billion.

As of February 20, 2024, the registrant had outstanding 69,030,167 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated into Part III hereof 
by reference.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AMERIS BANCORP
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Cybersecurity
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer 
Purchases of Equity Securities
[Reserved]
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial 
Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related 
Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary

PART I
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 1C.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.

PART II
Item 5.

Item 6.
Item 7.

Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.

Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.

PART III
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.

Item 13.
Item 14.

PART IV
Item 15.
Item 16.

Page

4
16
25
25
26
27
27

28
29

30
54
55

55
55
55
55

56
56

56
57
57

57
57

2

CAUTIONARY NOTE
REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  (this  “Annual  Report”)  and  the  documents  incorporated  by  reference  herein  may  contain 
certain  “forward-looking  statements”  within  the  meaning  of  the  Private  Securities  Litigation  Reform  Act  of  1995.  In  some 
cases,  forward-looking  statements  can  be  identified  by  the  use  of  words  such  as  “may,”  “might,”  “will,”  “would,”  “should,” 
“could,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “probable,” “potential,” “possible,” “target,” 
“continue,” “look forward,” or “assume,” and words of similar import. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts but 
instead  express  only  management’s  beliefs  regarding  future  results  or  events,  many  of  which,  by  their  nature,  are  inherently 
uncertain and outside of management’s control. It is possible that actual results and events may differ, possibly materially, from 
the anticipated results or events indicated in these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees 
of future performance, and we caution you not to place undue reliance on these statements.

You should understand that important factors, including, but not limited to, the following, in addition to those described in Part 
I,  Item  1A.,  “Risk  Factors,”  and  elsewhere  in  this  Annual  Report,  as  well  as  in  the  documents  which  are  incorporated  by 
reference  into  this  Annual  Report,  and  those  described  from  time  to  time  in  our  future  reports  filed  with  the  Securities  and 
Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), could cause 
actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

the effects of changes in interest rates on the levels, composition and costs of deposits, loan demand, and the values 
and liquidity of loan collateral, securities and interest-sensitive assets and liabilities;

the effects of future economic, business and market conditions and changes, including seasonality;

legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities and tax laws, regulations and policies and 
their application by our regulators;

the cost and effects of cyber incidents or other failures, interruptions or security breaches of our systems or those of 
our customers or third-party providers;

changes in accounting rules, practices and interpretations;

changes in borrower credit risks and payment behaviors;

changes in the availability and cost of credit and capital in the financial markets;

changes in the prices, values and sales volumes of residential and commercial real estate;

the effects of concentrations in our loan portfolio;

our ability to resolve nonperforming assets;

the failure of assumptions and estimates underlying the establishment of reserves for possible credit losses and other 
estimates and valuations;

changes in technology or products that may be more difficult, costly or less effective than anticipated; and

the  effects  of  hurricanes,  floods,  tornados  or  other  natural  disasters,  geopolitical  events,  acts  of  war  or  terrorism  or 
other hostilities, public health crises, pandemics or other catastrophic events beyond our control.

Our  management  believes  the  forward-looking  statements  about  us  are  reasonable.  However,  you  should  not  place  undue 
reliance on them. Any forward-looking statements in this Annual Report and the documents incorporated by reference herein 
are not guarantees of future performance. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and actual results, developments 
and business decisions may differ from those contemplated by those forward-looking statements, and such differences may be 
material. Many of the factors that will determine these results are beyond our ability to control or predict. We disclaim any duty 
to update any forward-looking statements, all of which are expressly qualified by the statements in this section.

3

As  used  in  this  Annual  Report,  the  terms  “we,”  “us,”  “our,”  “Ameris”  and  the  “Company”  refer  to  Ameris  Bancorp  and  its 
subsidiaries (unless the context indicates another meaning).

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

OVERVIEW

We  are  a  financial  holding  company  whose  business  is  conducted  primarily  through  our  wholly  owned  banking  subsidiary, 
Ameris  Bank  (the  “Bank”),  which  provides  a  full  range  of  banking  services  to  its  retail  and  commercial  customers  who  are 
primarily  concentrated  in  select  markets  in  Georgia,  Alabama,  Florida,  North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina.  The  Company’s 
executive office is located at 3490 Piedmont Road N.E., Suite 1550, Atlanta, Georgia 30305, our telephone number is (404) 
639-6500 and our internet address is www.amerisbank.com. We operate 164 full-service domestic banking offices. We do not 
operate in any foreign countries. At December 31, 2023, we had approximately $25.20 billion in total assets, $20.55 billion in 
total loans, $20.71 billion in total deposits and $3.43 billion of shareholders’ equity. Our deposits are insured, up to applicable 
limits, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”).

We make our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to 
those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act available free of charge on our website 
at  www.amerisbank.com  as  soon  as  reasonably  practicable  after  we  electronically  file  such  material  with  the  SEC.  These 
reports are also available without charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

The Parent Company

Our  primary  business  as  a  bank  holding  company  is  to  manage  the  business  and  affairs  of  the  Bank.  As  a  bank  holding 
company, we perform certain shareholder and investor relations functions and seek to provide financial support, if necessary, to 
the Bank.

Ameris Bank

Our principal subsidiary is the Bank, which is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia and operates branches primarily concentrated 
in select markets in Georgia, Alabama, Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina. These branches serve distinct communities 
in our business areas with autonomy but do so as one bank, leveraging our favorable geographic footprint in an effort to acquire 
more customers.

Strategy

We seek to increase our presence and grow the “Ameris” brand in the markets that we currently serve in Georgia, Alabama, 
Florida,  North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina  and  in  neighboring  communities  that  present  attractive  opportunities  for 
expansion.  Management  has  pursued  this  objective  through  an  acquisition-oriented  growth  strategy  and  a  prudent  operating 
strategy.  Our  community  banking  philosophy  emphasizes  personalized  service  and  building  broad  and  deep  customer 
relationships, which has historically provided us with a substantial base of low cost core deposits. Our markets are managed by 
senior 
larger 
competitors.  Management  believes  that  this  structure,  along  with  involvement  in  and  knowledge  of  our  local  markets,  will 
continue to provide growth and assist in managing risk throughout our Company.

level,  experienced  decision  makers 

that  differentiates  us  from  our 

in  a  decentralized  structure 

We  have  maintained  our  focus  on  a  long-term  strategy  of  expanding  and  diversifying  our  franchise  in  terms  of  revenues, 
profitability and asset size. Our growth over the past several years has been enhanced significantly through both organic growth 
and  acquisitions.  We  expect  to  continue  to  enhance  our  franchise  through  prudent  acquisition  activity  when  appropriate 
opportunities arise, and we intend to continue to prioritize organic growth in our business lines as well.

Our  most  recent  bank  acquisition  was  of  Fidelity  Southern  Corporation  ("Fidelity"),  which  was  completed  in  July  2019  and 
which  added  $4.0  billion  in  deposits.    In  addition,  in  December  2021,  the  Bank  acquired  Balboa  Capital  Corporation 
("Balboa"), a point of sale and direct online provider of lending solutions to small and mid-sized businesses nationwide.   

4

BANKING SERVICES

Lending Activities

General.  The  Company  maintains  a  diversified  loan  portfolio  by  providing  a  broad  range  of  commercial  and  retail  lending 
services  to  business  entities  and  individuals.  We  provide  agricultural  loans,  commercial  business  loans,  commercial  and 
residential  real  estate  construction  and  mortgage  loans,  consumer  loans,  revolving  lines  of  credit  and  letters  of  credit.  The 
Company also originates first mortgage residential mortgage loans and generally enters into a commitment to sell these loans in 
the secondary market. We have not made or participated in foreign, energy-related or subprime loans. In addition, the Company 
may buy loan participations or portions of national credits from time to time. 

At December 31, 2023, our loan portfolio totaled approximately $20.55 billion, representing approximately 81.5% of our total 
assets. For additional discussion of our loan portfolio, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and 
Results of Operations – Loans.”

Commercial  Real  Estate  Loans.  This  portion  of  our  loan  portfolio  has  grown  significantly  over  the  past  few  years  and 
represents  the  largest  segment  of  our  loan  portfolio.  Commercial  real  estate  loans  include  loans  secured  by  owner-occupied 
commercial  buildings  for  office,  storage,  retail,  farmland  and  warehouse  space.  They  also  include  non-owner  occupied 
commercial  buildings  such  as  leased  retail  and  office  space.  These  loans  also  include  extensions  for  the  acquisition, 
development  or  construction  of  commercial  properties.  The  loans  are  underwritten  with  an  emphasis  on  the  viability  of  the 
project, the borrower’s ability to meet certain minimum debt service requirements and an analysis and review of the collateral 
and guarantors, if any.

Residential  Real  Estate  Mortgage  Loans.  Ameris  originates  adjustable  and  fixed-rate  residential  mortgage  loans.  These 
mortgage loans are generally originated under terms and conditions consistent with secondary market guidelines. Some of these 
loans will be placed in the Company’s loan portfolio; however, a majority are sold in the secondary market. The residential real 
estate mortgage loans that are included in the Company’s loan portfolio are usually owner-occupied and generally amortized 
over a 20- to 30-year period with three- to five-year maturity or repricing. 

Agricultural Loans. Our agricultural loans are extended to finance crop production, the purchase of farm-related equipment or 
farmland and the operations of dairies, poultry producers, livestock producers and timber growers. Agricultural loans typically 
involve  seasonal  balance  fluctuations.  Although  we  typically  look  to  an  agricultural  borrower’s  cash  flow  as  the  principal 
source  of  repayment,  agricultural  loans  are  also  generally  secured  by  a  security  interest  in  the  crops  or  the  farm-related 
equipment  and,  in  some  cases,  an  assignment  of  crop  insurance  and  mortgage  on  real  estate.  The  lending  officer  visits  the 
borrower  regularly  during  the  growing  season  and  re-evaluates  the  loan  in  light  of  the  borrower’s  updated  cash  flow 
projections. A portion of our agricultural loans is guaranteed by the Farm Service Agency Guaranteed Loan Program.

Commercial  and  Industrial  Loans.  Generally,  commercial  and  industrial  loans  consist  of  loans  made  primarily  to 
manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers of goods, service companies, municipalities and other industries. These loans are made 
for  acquisition,  expansion,  working  capital  and  equipment  financing  and  may  be  secured  by  accounts  receivable,  inventory, 
equipment, personal guarantees or other assets. The Company monitors these loans by requesting submission of corporate and 
personal financial statements and income tax returns. The Company has also generated loans which are guaranteed by the U.S. 
Small Business Administration (the “SBA”). SBA loans are generally underwritten in the same manner as conventional loans 
generated for the Bank’s portfolio. Periodically, a portion of the loans that are secured by the guaranty of the SBA will be sold 
in  the  secondary  market.  Management  believes  that  making  such  loans  helps  the  local  community  and  also  provides  Ameris 
with a source of income and solid future lending relationships as such businesses grow and prosper.  During 2021 and 2020, the 
Company  participated  in  the  SBA's  Paycheck  Protection  Program,  a  temporary  product  under  the  SBA's  7(a)  loan  program 
created under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. The primary repayment risk for commercial loans is the 
failure of the business due to economic or financial factors. The Company also originates, administers and services commercial 
insurance premium finance loans made to borrowers throughout the United States.

Consumer  Loans.  Our  consumer  loans  include  home  improvement,  home  equity,  motor  vehicle,  loans  secured  by  savings 
accounts and personal credit lines. The terms of these loans typically range from 12 to 240 months and vary based upon the 
nature of collateral and size of the loan. These loans are generally secured by various assets owned by the consumer. 

Credit Administration

We have sought to maintain a comprehensive lending policy that meets the credit needs of each of the communities served by 
the Bank, including low and moderate-income customers, and to employ lending procedures and policies consistent with this 

5

approach. All loans are subject to our corporate loan policy and financing guide, which are reviewed annually and updated as 
needed. Our lending policy requires, among other things, an analysis of the borrower's projected cash flow and ability to service 
the debt. The loan policy provides that lending officers have sole authority to approve loans of various amounts commensurate 
with their seniority, experience and needs within the market. Our local market presidents have discretion to approve loans in 
varying principal amounts up to established limits, and our regional credit officers review and approve loans that exceed such 
limits.

Individual lending authority is assigned by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer, as is the maximum limit of new extensions of 
credit  that  may  be  approved  in  each  market.  These  approval  limits  are  reviewed  annually  by  the  Company  and  adjusted  as 
needed. All requests for extensions of credit in excess of any of these limits are reviewed by either a market or regional credit 
officer as appropriate. When the request for approval exceeds the authority level of the market or regional credit officer, the 
approval  of  the  Company’s  Chief  Credit  Officer  and/or  the  Company’s  loan  committee  is  required.  All  new  loans  or 
modifications  to  existing  loans  in  excess  of  $500,000  are  reviewed  monthly  by  the  Company’s  Credit  Administration 
Department with the lender responsible for the credit. In addition, our ongoing loan review program subjects the portfolio to 
sampling and objective review by our ongoing internal loan review process which is independent of the originating loan officer.

Each  lending  officer  has  authority  to  make  loans  only  in  the  market  area  in  which  his  or  her  Bank  office  is  located  and  its 
contiguous  counties.  Occasionally,  our  loan  committee  will  approve  making  a  loan  outside  of  the  market  areas  of  the  Bank, 
provided the Bank has a prior relationship with the borrower. Our lending policy requires analysis of the borrower’s projected 
cash flow and ability to service the debt.

The  Bank  originates  loans  outside  of  our  market  areas  through  our  national  lines  of  business,  including  equipment  finance, 
premium finance and government guaranteed lending.  

We actively market our services to qualified lending customers in both the commercial and consumer sectors. Our commercial 
lending  officers  actively  solicit  the  business  of  new  companies  entering  the  market  as  well  as  longstanding  members  of  that 
market’s business community. Through personalized professional service and competitive pricing, we have been successful in 
attracting  new  commercial  lending  customers.  At  the  same  time,  we  actively  advertise  our  consumer  loan  products  and 
continually seek to make our lending officers more accessible.

The  Bank  continually  monitors  its  loan  portfolio  to  identify  areas  of  concern  and  to  enable  management  to  take  corrective 
action when necessary. Local market presidents and lending officers meet periodically to review all past due loans, the status of 
large loans and certain other credit or economic related matters. Individual lending officers are responsible for collection of past 
due amounts and monitoring any changes in the financial status of the borrowers. Loans that are serviced by others, such as 
certain residential mortgage loans and consumer installment home improvement loans, are monitored by the Company’s credit 
officers, although ultimate collection of past due amounts is the responsibility of the servicing agents.

Investment Activities

Our investment policy is designed to maximize income from funds not needed to meet loan demand in a manner consistent with 
appropriate liquidity and risk management objectives. Under this policy, our Company may invest in U.S. Treasury obligations, 
securities  issued  by  U.S.  government-sponsored  agencies,  state  and  municipal  obligations,  mortgage-backed  securities, 
corporate obligations and satisfactorily-rated trust preferred obligations. Investments in our portfolio must satisfy certain quality 
criteria. Our Company’s investments must be “investment-grade” as determined by a nationally recognized investment rating 
service.  Investment  securities  where  the  Company  has  determined  a  certain  level  of  credit  risk  are  periodically  reviewed  to 
determine  the  financial  condition  of  the  issuer  and  to  support  the  Company’s  decision  to  continue  holding  the  security.  Our 
Company may purchase non-rated municipal bonds only if the issuer of such bonds is located in the Company’s general market 
area  and  such  bonds  are  determined  by  the  Company  to  have  a  credit  risk  no  greater  than  the  minimum  ratings  referred  to 
above.  Traditionally,  the  Company  has  purchased  and  held  investment  securities  with  very  high  levels  of  credit  quality, 
favoring investments backed by direct or indirect guarantees of the U.S. government.

While  our  asset/liability  management  policy  permits  our  Company  to  trade  securities  to  improve  the  quality  of  yields  or 
marketability or to realign the composition of the portfolio, the Bank historically has not done so to any significant extent.

Our  Asset  and  Liability  Committee  (the  “ALCO  Committee”)  implements  the  investment  policy  and  portfolio  strategies  and 
monitors the portfolio. Reports on all purchases, sales, net profits or losses and market appreciation or depreciation of the bond 
portfolio are reviewed by our board of directors (the “Board”) each quarter. The written investment policy is reviewed annually 
by the Board and updated as needed.

6

The Company’s securities are held in safekeeping accounts at approved correspondent banks

Deposits

The Company provides a full range of deposit accounts and services to both retail and commercial customers. These deposit 
accounts have a variety of interest rates and terms and consist of interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing accounts, including 
commercial  and  retail  checking  accounts,  regular  interest-bearing  savings  accounts,  money  market  accounts,  individual 
retirement  accounts  and  certificates  of  deposit.  Our  Bank  obtains  most  of  its  deposits  from  individuals  and  businesses  in  its 
market areas.

Brokered deposits are deposits obtained by utilizing an outside broker that is paid a fee. The Bank utilizes brokered deposits to 
accomplish several purposes, such as (i) acquiring a certain maturity and dollar amount without repricing the Bank’s current 
customers which could increase or decrease the overall cost of deposits and (ii) acquiring certain maturities and dollar amounts 
to help manage interest rate risk.

Other Funding Sources

The Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) allows the Company to obtain advances through its credit program. These advances 
are secured by securities owned by the Company and held in safekeeping by the FHLB, FHLB stock owned by the Company 
and  certain  qualifying  loans  secured  by  real  estate,  including  residential  mortgage  loans,  home  equity  lines  of  credit  and 
commercial real estate loans. The Company maintains credit arrangements with various other financial institutions to purchase 
federal funds. The Company participates in the Federal Reserve discount window borrowings program.

On September 28, 2020, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $110.0 million in aggregate principal amount 
of its 3.875% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2030. The subordinated notes were sold to the public at par.  The 
subordinated notes will mature on October 1, 2030 and through September 30, 2025 will bear a fixed rate of interest of 3.875% 
per annum. Beginning October 1, 2025, the interest rate on the subordinated notes resets quarterly to a floating rate per annum 
equal to the then-current three-month SOFR plus 3.753%.

On December 6, 2019, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $120.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 
its 4.25% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2029. The subordinated notes were sold to the public at par.  The 
subordinated  notes  will  mature  on  December  15,  2029  and  through  December  14,  2024  will  bear  a  fixed  rate  of  interest  of 
4.25% per annum. Beginning December 15, 2024, the interest rate on the subordinated notes resets quarterly to a floating rate 
per  annum  equal  to  the  then-current  three-month  SOFR  plus  2.94%.  During  2023,  the  Company  repurchased  on  the  open 
market and subsequently redeemed $12.0 million in aggregate principal of the 2029 subordinated notes. 

On March 13, 2017, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $75.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 
5.75%  Fixed-To-Floating  Rate  Subordinated  Notes  due  2027.  The  subordinated  notes  were  sold  to  the  public  at  par.    The 
subordinated  notes  will  mature  on  March  15,  2027  and  through  March  14,  2022  bore  a  fixed  rate  of  interest  of  5.75%  per 
annum. Beginning March 15, 2022, the interest rate on the subordinated notes resets quarterly to a floating rate per annum equal 
to  the  then-current  three-month  LIBOR  plus  3.616%.    The  Company  redeemed  these  notes  in  full  on  the  March  15,  2023 
interest payment date. 

The Company has long-term subordinated deferrable interest debentures with a net book carrying value of $130.3 million as of  
December  31,  2023.    The  majority  of  these  trust  preferred  securities  were  assumed  as  liabilities  in  previous  whole  bank 
acquisitions.

The Company may also enter into repurchase agreements. These repurchase agreements are treated as short-term borrowings 
and are reflected on the Company’s balance sheet as such.

MARKET AREAS AND COMPETITION

The banking industry in general, and in the southeastern United States specifically, is highly competitive and dramatic changes 
continue  to  occur  throughout  the  industry.  While  our  select  market  areas  in  Georgia,  Alabama,  Florida,  North  Carolina  and 
South  Carolina  have  experienced  strong  population  growth  in  recent  decades,  intense  market  demands,  national  and  local 
economic  pressures,  including  a  rising  interest  rate  environment,  and  increased  customer  awareness  of  product  and  service 
differences  among  financial  institutions  have  forced  banks  to  diversify  their  services  and  become  much  more  cost 
effective. Over the past few years, our Bank has faced strong competition in attracting deposits at profitable levels. Competition 
for deposits comes from other commercial banks, thrift institutions, savings banks, internet banks, credit unions, and brokerage 

7

and investment banking firms. Interest rates, online banking capabilities, convenience of office locations and marketing are all 
significant factors in our Bank’s competition for deposits.

Competition for loans comes from other commercial banks, thrift institutions, savings banks, insurance companies, consumer 
finance companies, credit unions, mortgage companies, leasing companies and other institutional and non-traditional lenders. In 
order to remain competitive, our Bank has varied interest rates and loan fees to some degree as well as increased the number 
and  complexity  of  services  provided.  We  have  not  varied  or  altered  our  underwriting  standards  in  any  material  respect  in 
response to competitor willingness to do so and in some markets have not been able to experience the growth in loans that we 
would  have  preferred.  Competition  is  affected  by  the  general  availability  of  lendable  funds,  general  and  local  economic 
conditions, current interest rate levels and other factors that are not readily predictable.

Competition among providers of financial products and services continues to increase with consumers having the opportunity to 
select  from  a  growing  variety  of  traditional  and  nontraditional  alternatives,  including  FinTech  firms.  While  technological 
innovation has been central to the development of the financial services industry and to our strategy, tech firms increasingly 
compete  directly  with  banks  for  a  variety  of  financial  product  offerings.  Management  expects  that  competition  will  become 
more intense in the future due to changes in state and federal laws and regulations and the entry of additional bank and nonbank 
competitors. Further, the industry continues to consolidate, which affects competition by eliminating some regional and local 
institutions, while strengthening the franchise of acquirers. See “Supervision and Regulation” under this Item.

HUMAN CAPITAL

At Ameris, we consider our teammates to be our greatest strength. At December 31, 2023, the Company employed 2,765 full-
time-equivalent  employees,  primarily  located  in  our  core  markets  of  Georgia,  Alabama,  Florida,  North  Carolina  and  South 
Carolina.  

We take pride in listening to our employees, welcoming unique perspectives, supporting personal and professional growth and 
developing  natural  strengths.    For  example,  each  year  the  Company  administers  an  employee  engagement  survey  to  gather 
meaningful insights and data which is used as we continue to make improvements at Ameris and build upon our strong culture. 
The  input  obtained  from  these  surveys  helps  the  Board  and  executive  officers  to  execute  on  initiatives  such  as  the  Ameris 
Foundation, leadership training and diversity and inclusion initiatives.  

Effective  and  frequent  communication  is  critical  to  supporting  our  growing  culture  and  teammate  needs  and  is  carried  out 
through regular e-newsletters, executive announcements, and bulletins which provide access to information regarding Company 
news, alerts and updates, as well as educational opportunities and programs. 

Support and Benefits

Providing employees with meaningful, competitive and supportive benefits to care for their lives and families is a top priority 
for  the  Company.    We’re  proud  to  offer  a  comprehensive  benefits  package  that  includes  medical,  dental,  vision  and  life 
insurance, paid time-off, 401(k) profit-sharing plan participation and an employee stock purchase plan.  The Company’s 401(k) 
plan matches 50% of each employee’s elective deferral amount, up to the first 8% of the contribution. 

The Company’s benefits programs also include access to a network of nearby providers with options for either in-person care or 
virtual  visits  at  any  time.    Our  behavioral  health  benefit  offers  support  for  such  issues  as  alcohol  and  drug  use  recovery, 
medication management, coping with grief and loss, and depression, anxiety and stress management.

Personal and Professional Growth

At Ameris, our leaders develop action plans and provide mentorship to help employees reach their aspirations.  Our teammates 
are  encouraged  to  share  their  goals  and  dreams,  and  we  take  pride  in  offering  professional  growth  opportunities  through  our 
robust learning and development initiatives.

Mentorship at all levels is encouraged throughout our organization, as it supports our culture of learning and commitment to our 
teammates,  new  ideas  and  leadership  development.    Mentor  Ameris  is  the  Bank’s  formal  mentorship  program,  whereby 
annually,  high  potential  colleagues  are  identified  as  mentees  and  paired  with  a  selected  mentor  at  the  Bank.    A  total  of  27 
mentees were selected to participate in the program in 2023, of which 62% were female and 41% were minorities.  The program 
is a nine-month commitment that is designed to encourage a lifelong mentee-mentor relationship.

Launched  at  the  end  of  2020,  our  Leadership  Development  Program  is  a  self-paced,  three-tiered  program  available  to  all 
employees,  with  coursework  specific  to  leading  self,  leading  others  and  leading  leaders.    We  believe  that  effective  and 
meaningful  leadership  development  will  further  elevate  the  Company  and  support  us  in  continuing  to  attract  and  retain  top 

8

talent.  At the end of 2023, we had a total of 424 teammates who were enrolled in or completed the program, of which 73% 
were female and 38% were minorities.

The development of our employees’ skills and knowledge is critical to the success of the Company.  Our educational assistance 
program,  which  provides  for  reimbursement  of  certain  education  expenses  up  to  $5,250,  encourages  personal  development 
through formal education such as a degree, licensing or certification, so that teammates can maintain and improve their skills or 
knowledge related to their current job or foreseeable-future position at Ameris.  The importance of having career development 
discussions and guidance with employees is shared and reinforced during manager training sessions as well, as the Company 
recognizes these discussions are critical to establishing pathways for career growth.

Diversity and Inclusion

Diversity,  equity  and  inclusion  represent  an  integral  part  of  our  strategic  vision  at  Ameris.    The  Company  is  committed  to 
fostering an equitable work environment that seeks to ensure fair treatment, equality of opportunity, and fairness in access to 
information  and  resources  for  all  employees.    We  believe  this  is  only  possible  in  an  environment  built  on  respect  and  equal 
dignity,  and  we  believe  inclusion  builds  a  culture  of  belonging  by  actively  inviting  the  contribution  and  participation  of  all 
people.  

As part of that commitment, the Bank appointed its first Diversity and Inclusion Officer in 2020 and established a Diversity 
Task Force comprised of a diverse group of 29 teammates from across the Company.  This group is dedicated to cultivating an 
environment that supports our strategy to engage, recruit, develop, retain and advance a diverse team of talent, inclusively and 
equitably.  Leaders from this group have established employee resource groups which are meant to bring teammates together 
from across the Company and offer strong networking opportunities and a forum to listen and to discuss and sponsor programs, 
activities  and  empowering  resources  that  foster  diversity  and  inclusion  education  and  awareness.    Employee  resource  groups 
currently 
in  banking,  LGBTQIA+,  veterans,  BIPOC  (Black,  Indigenous  and  People  of  Color), 
multigenerational, caregivers and mindfulness-mental health. 

include  women 

As of December 31, 2023, females represent 65% of the Company’s employee population, and minorities represent 32%.  In 
addition,  females  represent  43%  of  the  Company’s  senior  management  staff,  consisting  of  Vice  Presidents  and  above,  and 
minorities represent 18%.

SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

General

We are extensively regulated, supervised and examined under federal and state law. Generally, these laws and regulations are 
intended to protect our Bank’s depositors, the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”) and the broader banking system, and 
not our shareholders.  These laws and regulations cover all aspects of our business, including lending and collection practices, 
treatment  of  our  customers,  safeguarding  deposits,  customer  privacy  and  information  security,  capital  structure,  liquidity, 
dividends  and  other  capital  distributions,  and  transactions  with  affiliates.  Such  laws  and  regulations  directly  and  indirectly 
affect  key  drivers  of  our  profitability,  including,  for  example,  capital  and  liquidity,  product  offerings,  risk  management  and 
costs of compliance.  In addition, changes to these laws and regulations, including as a result of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street 
Reform  and  Consumer  Protection  Act  (the  “Dodd-Frank  Act”)  and  regulations  promulgated  thereunder,  have  had,  and  may 
continue to have, a significant impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.  As a result, the extensive 
laws  and  regulations  to  which  we  are  subject  and  with  which  we  must  comply  significantly  impact  our  earnings,  results  of 
operations, financial condition and competitive position.

Set  forth  below  is  a  summary  of  certain  provisions  of  key  federal  and  state  laws  that  affect  the  regulation  of  bank  holding 
companies  and  banks.  The  discussion  is  qualified  in  its  entirety  by  reference  to  applicable  laws  and  regulations.  Changes  in 
such laws and regulations may have a material effect on our business and prospects.

Supervision and Examination Authorities 

As a bank holding company and financial holding company, Ameris is subject to regulation, supervision and enforcement by 
the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Our Bank has a Georgia state charter and is 
subject  to  regulation,  supervision  and  enforcement  by  the  Georgia  Department  of  Banking  and  Finance  (the  “GDBF”).  In 
addition, as a state non-member bank, the Bank is subject to regulation, supervision and enforcement by the FDIC as the Bank’s 
primary federal regulator. The Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the GDBF regularly examine the operations of the Company and 
the  Bank  and  are  given  the  authority  to  approve  or  disapprove  mergers,  consolidations,  the  establishment  of  branches  and 

9

similar corporate actions. These agencies also have the power to prevent the continuance or development of unsafe or unsound 
banking practices or other violations of law.

In addition, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the "CFPB") supervises the Bank with respect to consumer protection 
laws and regulations.

Federal Law Restrictions on the Company’s Activities and Investments

As a registered bank holding company, we are subject to regulation under the Bank Holding Company Act (the “BHCA”) and 
to the supervision, examination and reporting requirements of the Federal Reserve. 

The BHCA and its implementing regulations prohibit bank holding companies from engaging in certain transactions without the 
prior approval of the Federal Reserve, including (i) acquiring direct or indirect control of more than 5% of the voting shares of 
any  bank  or  bank  holding  company,  (ii)  acquiring  all  or  substantially  all  of  the  assets  of  any  bank  and  (iii)  merging  or 
consolidating with any other bank holding company. In determining whether to approve such a transaction, the Federal Reserve 
is  required  to  consider  a  variety  of  factors,  including  the  competitive  impact  of  the  transaction;  the  financial  condition, 
managerial resources and future prospects of the bank holding companies and banks involved; the convenience and needs of the 
communities to be served, including  the applicant’s  record of performance under the Community  Reinvestment Act; and  the 
effectiveness  of  the  parties  in  combating  money  laundering  activities.  The  Bank  Merger  Act  imposes  similar  review  and 
approval requirements in connection with acquisitions and mergers involving banks. Additionally, under the Change in Bank 
Control Act and the BHCA, a person or company that acquires control of a bank holding company or bank must obtain the non-
objection or approval of the Federal Reserve in advance of the acquisition. For a publicly-traded bank holding company such as 
Ameris, control for purposes of the Change in Bank Control Act is presumed to exist if the acquirer will have 10% or more of 
any class of the company’s voting securities. 

The  BHCA  generally  prohibits  a  bank  holding  company  and  its  subsidiaries  from  engaging  in,  or  acquiring  control  of  a 
company engaged in, activities other than managing or controlling banks, activities that the Federal Reserve has determined to 
be  closely  related  to  banking  and  certain  other  permissible  nonbanking  activities.  However,  a  bank  holding  company  that  is 
qualified and has elected to be a financial holding company  may  engage in, or acquire  control  of a company engaged in, an 
expanded set of financial activities. Effective August 24, 2000, Ameris has elected to be a financial holding company. As such, 
we  may  engage  in  activities  that  are  financial  in  nature  or  incidental  or  complementary  to  financial  activities,  including 
insurance  underwriting,  securities  underwriting  and  dealing,  and  making  merchant  banking  investments  in  commercial  and 
financial companies, provided that we and the Bank continue to meet certain regulatory standards and comply with applicable 
regulatory  notice  requirements.  If  we  or  the  Bank  ceased  to  be  “well  capitalized”  or  “well  managed”  under  applicable 
regulatory  standards,  or  if  the  Bank  received  a  rating  of  less  than  Satisfactory  under  the  Community  Reinvestment  Act,  our 
ability to conduct these broader financial activities would be limited. 

A provision of the BHCA known as the Volcker Rule limits our and the Bank’s ability to engage in proprietary trading (i.e., 
engaging  as  principal  in  any  purchase  or  sale  of  one  or  more  financial  instruments)  or  to  acquire  or  retain  as  principal  any 
ownership interest in or sponsor a covered fund, including private equity and hedge funds.

Source of Strength

As a bank holding company, we are expected to act as a source of financial strength for the Bank and to commit resources to 
support the Bank. This support may be required at times when we might not be inclined to provide it. In addition, any capital 
loans made by us to the Bank will be repaid only after the Bank’s deposits and various other obligations are repaid in full.

Payment of Dividends and Other Restrictions

Ameris is a legal entity separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. The principal source of our cash revenues is dividends from 
the Bank. Federal and state law limit the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to Ameris. 

Under Georgia law, the prior approval of the GDBF is required before any cash dividends may be paid by a state bank if: (i) 
total classified assets at the most recent examination of such bank exceed 80% of the bank’s Tier 1 capital (plus allowance for 
loan  losses);  (ii)  the  aggregate  amount  of  dividends  declared  or  anticipated  to  be  declared  by  the  bank  in  the  calendar  year 
exceeds 50% of its net profits for the previous calendar year; or (iii) the ratio of the bank’s Tier 1 capital to adjusted total assets 
is less than 6%. As of December 31, 2023, there was approximately $149.3 million of retained earnings of our Bank available 
for payment of cash dividends under applicable regulations without obtaining regulatory approval.

10

Under federal law, the ability of an insured depository institution such as the Bank to pay dividends or other distributions is 
restricted or prohibited if (i) the institution would fail to satisfy the regulatory capital conservation buffer requirement following 
the distribution, (ii) the distribution would cause the institution to become undercapitalized or (iii) the institution is in default of 
its payment of deposit insurance assessments to the FDIC. In addition, the FDIC has the authority to prohibit the Bank from 
engaging in an unsafe or unsound banking practice. The payment of dividends could, depending upon the financial condition of 
the Bank, be deemed to constitute an unsafe or unsound practice in conducting the Bank’s business.

As a bank holding company, dividends paid by Ameris to its shareholders are subject to federal law limitations. The Federal 
Reserve has adopted the policy that a bank holding company should pay cash dividends only to the extent that the company’s 
net  income  for  the  past  year  is  sufficient  to  cover  the  cash  dividends  and  that  the  company’s  rate  of  earning  retention  is 
consistent with the company’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. In addition, a bank holding company 
is required to consult with or notify the Federal Reserve prior to purchasing or redeeming its outstanding equity securities in 
certain  circumstances,  including  if  the  gross  consideration  for  the  purchase  or  redemption,  when  aggregated  with  the  net 
consideration paid by the company for all such purchases or redemptions during the preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or 
more  of  the  company's  consolidated  net  worth.  A  bank  holding  company  that  is  well-capitalized,  well-managed  and  not  the 
subject of any unresolved supervisory issues is exempt from this notice requirement. 

Capital Adequacy

Bank holding companies and banks are required to maintain minimum regulatory capital ratios imposed under both federal and 
state  law.  The  Federal  Reserve  and  the  FDIC,  the  primary  regulators  of  Ameris  and  the  Bank,  respectively,  have  adopted 
substantially  similar  regulatory  capital  frameworks,  which  use  both  risk-based  and  leverage-based  measures  of  capital 
adequacy.  Under  these  frameworks,  Ameris  and  the  Bank  must  each  maintain  a  common  equity  Tier  1  capital  to  total  risk-
weighted assets ratio of at least 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 6%, a total capital to total 
risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 8% and a leverage ratio of Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets of at least 4%. 
Ameris  and  the  Bank  are  also  required  to  maintain  a  capital  conservation  buffer  of  common  equity  Tier  1  capital  of  at  least 
2.5% of risk-weighted assets in addition to the minimum risk-based capital ratios in order to avoid certain restrictions on capital 
distributions and discretionary bonus payments.

Under the capital rules, common equity Tier 1 capital generally includes certain common stock instruments (plus any related 
surplus), retained earnings and certain minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries (subject to certain limitations). Additional 
Tier  1  capital  generally  includes  noncumulative  perpetual  preferred  stock  (plus  any  related  surplus)  and  certain  minority 
interests in consolidated subsidiaries (subject to certain limitations). Tier 2 capital generally includes certain subordinated debt 
(plus related surplus), certain minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries (subject to certain limitations) and a portion of the 
allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). Common equity tier 1 capital, additional Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital are each subject 
to various regulatory deductions and adjustments. In general, the risk-based capital standards are designed to make regulatory 
capital requirements sensitive to differences in risk profile by risk weighting assets and off-balance-sheet exposures based on 
risk categories. 

Failure to meet these capital requirements could subject Ameris and the Bank to a variety of enforcement actions, including the 
issuance of a capital directive, the termination of deposit insurance by the FDIC and certain other restrictions on our business. 
In  addition,  under  the  FDIC’s  “prompt  corrective  action”  framework,  the  FDIC  may  impose  various  restrictions,  including 
limitations on growth and the payment of dividends, if the Bank becomes undercapitalized. Under this framework, the Bank is 
considered to be “well capitalized” if it has a common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.5% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-
based capital ratio of 8% or greater, a total risk-based capital ratio of 10% or greater and a leverage ratio of 5% or greater, and 
is not subject to any order or written directive by the appropriate regulatory authority to meet and maintain a specific capital 
level for any capital measure.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Act prohibits an insured bank from accepting brokered deposits or offering interest rates on any 
deposits significantly higher than the prevailing rate in the bank’s normal market area or nationally (depending upon where the 
deposits are solicited) unless it is “well-capitalized,” or is “adequately capitalized” and has received a waiver from the FDIC. A 
bank that is “adequately capitalized” and that accepts brokered deposits under a waiver from the FDIC may not pay an interest 
rate on any deposit in excess of 75 basis points over certain prevailing market rates. There are no such restrictions on a bank 
that is “well-capitalized.” 

At December 31, 2023, the Company exceeded its minimum capital requirements, inclusive of the capital conservation buffer, 
on a consolidated basis with common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital equal to 11.23%, 11.23% and 14.45% 
of its total risk-weighted assets, respectively, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 9.93%. At December 31, 2023, the Bank exceeded 
its minimum capital requirements, inclusive of the capital conservation buffer, with common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital 

11

and total capital equal to 12.09%, 12.09% and 13.69% of its total risk-weighted assets, respectively, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio 
of  10.69%,  and  was  “well-capitalized”  for  prompt  corrective  action  purposes  based  on  the  ratios  and  guidelines  described 
above.

Under  a  December  2018  final  rule,  banking  organizations  may  elect  to  phase  in  the  regulatory  capital  effects  of  the  current 
expected  credit  losses  (“CECL”)  model,  the  new  accounting  standard  for  credit  losses,  over  three  years.  In  March  2020,  the 
joint federal bank regulatory agencies issued an interim final rule effective March 31, 2020 that allows banking organizations 
that implemented CECL in 2020 to elect to mitigate the effects of the CECL accounting standard on their regulatory capital for 
two years. This two-year delay is in addition to the three-year transition period that the agencies had already made available in 
December 2018. Ameris and the Bank elected to defer the regulatory capital effects of CECL in accordance with the interim 
final rule. As a result, the effects of CECL on Ameris’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital were delayed through 2021 and now 
will be phased-in over a three-year period from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2024. Under the interim final rule, the 
amount  of  adjustments  to  regulatory  capital  deferred  until  the  phase-in  period  includes  both  the  initial  impact  of  a  banking 
organization’s adoption of CECL at January 1, 2020 and 25% of subsequent changes in its allowance for credit losses during 
each quarter of the two-year period ended December 31, 2021.

Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders, Tying Arrangements and Lending Limits

The Bank is subject  to certain  restrictions in its  dealings with Ameris and its affiliates.  Transactions  between  banks and any 
affiliate are governed by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act. An affiliate of a bank typically is any company or 
entity  that  controls  or  is  under  common  control  with  the  bank,  including  the  bank’s  parent  holding  company  and  non-bank 
subsidiaries of that holding company. Some but not all subsidiaries of a bank may be exempt from the definition of an affiliate. 
Generally, Sections 23A and 23B (i) limit the extent to which the bank or its subsidiaries may engage in “covered transactions” 
with any one affiliate to an amount equal to 10% of the bank’s capital stock and surplus, and limit the aggregate of all such 
transactions  with  all  affiliates  to  an  amount  equal  to  20%  of  such  capital  stock  and  surplus,  and  (ii)  require  that  all  such 
transactions  be  on  terms  substantially  the  same,  or  at  least  as  favorable  to  the  bank  or  subsidiary,  as  those  that  would  be 
provided to a non-affiliate. The term “covered transaction” includes the making of a loan to an affiliate, the purchase of assets 
from  an  affiliate,  the  issuance  of  a  guarantee  on  behalf  of  an  affiliate  and  several  other  types  of  transactions.  Extensions  of 
credit to an affiliate usually must be over-collateralized.

Under section 22 of the Federal Reserve Act, as implemented by the Federal Reserve’s Regulation O, restrictions also apply to 
extensions  of  credit  by  a  bank  to  its  executive  officers,  directors,  principal  shareholders,  and  their  related  interests,  and  to 
similar individuals at the holding company or affiliates. In general, such extensions of credit (i) may not exceed certain dollar 
limitations, (ii) must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the 
time for comparable transactions with third parties and (iii) must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present 
other  unfavorable  features.  Certain  extensions  of  credit  to  these  insiders  also  require  the  approval  of  the  bank’s  board  of 
directors. Additionally, the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and Georgia law limit asset sales and purchases between a bank and 
its insiders.

Under anti-tying rules of federal law, a bank may not extend credit, lease, sell property or furnish any service or fix or vary the 
consideration for them on the condition that (i) the customer obtain or provide some additional credit, property or service from 
or to the bank or its holding company or their subsidiaries (other than those related to and usually provided in connection with a 
loan, discount, deposit or trust service) or (ii) the customer not obtain some other credit, property or service from a competitor, 
except  to  the  extent  reasonable  conditions  are  imposed  to  assure  the  soundness  of  the  credit  extended.  The  federal  banking 
agencies have, however, allowed banks to offer combined-balance products and otherwise to offer more favorable terms if a 
customer obtains two or more traditional bank products. The law authorizes the Federal Reserve to grant additional exceptions 
by regulation or order.

Under Georgia law, a state bank is generally prohibited from making loans, having obligations or having credit exposure as a 
counterparty in a derivative transaction to any one borrower in an amount exceeding 15% of the bank’s statutory capital base, 
or 25% of the bank’s statutory capital base if the entire amount is secured by good collateral or other ample security (as defined 
by law). 

Reserves

Pursuant to regulations of the Federal Reserve, an insured depository institution must maintain reserves against its transaction 
accounts. Because required reserves generally must be maintained in the form of vault cash, with a pass-through correspondent 
bank,  or  in  the  institution’s  account  at  a  Federal  Reserve  Bank,  the  effect  of  the  reserve  requirement  may  be  to  reduce  the 
amount of an institution’s assets available for lending or investment. During 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 

12

Federal  Reserve  reduced  all  reserve  requirement  ratios  to  zero.  The  Federal  Reserve  indicated  that  it  may  adjust  reserve 
requirement ratios in the future if conditions warrant. 

FDIC Insurance Assessments

The Bank’s deposits are insured to the maximum extent permitted by the DIF. The Bank is required to pay quarterly premiums, 
known  as  assessments,  for  this  deposit  insurance  coverage.  The  FDIC  uses  a  risk-based  assessment  system  that  imposes 
insurance premiums as determined by multiplying an insured bank’s assessment base by its assessment rate. A bank’s deposit 
insurance assessment base is generally equal to its total assets minus its average tangible equity during the assessment period. 
The Bank’s regular assessments are determined within a range of base assessment rates based in part on the Bank’s CAMELS 
composite rating, taking into account other factors and adjustments. The CAMELS rating system is a supervisory rating system 
developed  to  classify  a  bank’s  overall  condition  by  taking  into  account  capital  adequacy,  assets,  management  capability, 
earnings, liquidity and sensitivity to market and interest rate risk. The methodology that the FDIC uses to calculate assessment 
amounts  is  also  based  on  the  FDIC’s  designated  reserve  ratio,  which  is  currently  2%.  Under  the  current  methodology,  the 
Bank’s assessment rates are based on an initial base assessment rate of 5 to 32 cents per $100 of insured deposits, subject to 
certain adjustments, and may range from 2.5 to 42 cents after applying adjustments. These rates will remain in effect until the 
designated reserve ratio meets or exceeds 2%, absent further FDIC action.

The  FDIC  may  terminate  the  deposit  insurance  of  any  insured  depository  institution,  including  the  Bank,  if  the  FDIC 
determines after a hearing that the institution has engaged or is engaging in unsafe or unsound banking practices, is in an unsafe 
or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation or order or any condition imposed by 
an  agreement  with  the  FDIC.  The  FDIC  also  may  suspend  deposit  insurance  temporarily  during  the  hearing  process  for  the 
permanent  termination  of  insurance  if  the  institution  has  no  tangible  capital.  Management  is  not  aware  of  any  existing 
circumstances that would result in termination of the Bank’s deposit insurance.

On  November  16,  2023,  the  FDIC  approved  a  final  rule  to  implement  a  special  assessment  to  recover  the  loss  to  the  DIF 
resulting from the closures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank.  The special assessment was determined based on an 
annual  rate  of  13.4  basis  points  applied  to  an  institution's  estimated  uninsured  deposits  in  excess  of  $5  billion  over  an 
anticipated eight quarterly assessment periods.  The FDIC retains the ability to cease collection early or impose an extended 
special assessment collection period after the initial eight-quarter collection period to collect the difference between losses and 
the  amounts  collected,  and  impose  a  one-time  final  shortfall  special  assessment  after  both  receiverships  terminate.    The 
Company recognized an expense of $11.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 related to the special assessment.  On February 
23,  2024,  the  FDIC  provided  an  updated  estimated  loss  to  the  DIF  resulting  from  the  receiverships  of  approximately  $20.4 
billion from the previous estimate of $16.3 billion.  Loss estimates will be periodically updated based on losses incurred and 
recoveries  received.    The  amount  of  any  additional  assessment  to  the  Company  is  unknown  and  will  be  recognized,  if 
applicable, when it becomes reasonably estimable.  

Federal Home Loan Bank System

Our Company has a correspondent relationship with the FHLB of Atlanta, which is one of 12 regional FHLBs that administer 
the home financing credit function of banking institutions. Each FHLB is funded primarily from proceeds derived from the sale 
of consolidated obligations of the FHLB system and makes advances to members in accordance with policies and procedures 
established by the Board of Directors of the FHLB and subject to the oversight of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. All 
advances from an FHLB are required to be fully secured by sufficient collateral as determined by the FHLB. 

The FHLB of Atlanta offers certain services to our Company, such as processing checks and other items, buying and selling 
federal  funds,  handling  money  transfers  and  exchanges,  shipping  coin  and  currency,  providing  security  and  safekeeping  of 
funds or other valuable items, and furnishing limited management information and advice. As compensation for these services, 
our Company maintains certain balances with the FHLB of Atlanta in interest-bearing accounts.

Real Estate Lending Evaluations

The  federal  regulators  have  adopted  uniform  standards  for  evaluations  of  loans  secured  by  real  estate  or  made  to  finance 
improvements to real estate. Banks are required to establish and maintain written internal real estate lending policies consistent 
with safe and sound banking practices, and appropriate to the size of the institution and the nature and scope of its operations. 
The regulations establish loan-to-value ratio limitations on real estate loans. Our Company’s loan policies establish limits on 
loan-to-value ratios that are equal to or less than those established in such regulations.

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Commercial Real Estate Concentrations

Under  guidance  issued  by  the  federal  banking  regulators,  a  financial  institution  will  be  considered  to  have  a  significant 
commercial  real  estate  (“CRE”)  concentration  risk,  and  will  be  subject  to  enhanced  supervisory  expectations  to  manage  that 
risk,  if  (i)  total  reported  loans  for  construction,  land  development  and  other  land  (“C&D”)  represent  100%  or  more  of  the 
institution’s tier 1 capital plus the allowance for credit losses attributable to loans and leases or (ii) total CRE loans represent 
300%  or  more  of  the  institution’s  tier  1  capital  plus  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  attributable  to  loans  and  leases  and  the 
outstanding balance of the institution’s CRE loan portfolio has increased by 50% or more during the prior 36 months.

As of December 31, 2023, our C&D concentration as a percentage of capital totaled 74.0% and our CRE concentration, net of 
owner-occupied loans, as a percentage of capital totaled 281.9%. 

Branching

The Bank has branch offices in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina. Current federal law authorizes 
interstate  acquisitions  of  banks  and  bank  holding  companies  without  geographic  limitation,  so  long  as  the  acquirer  satisfies 
certain  conditions,  including  that  it  is  “well  capitalized”  and  “well  managed.”  Furthermore,  a  “well  capitalized”  and  “well 
managed” bank with its main office in one state is generally authorized to merge with a bank with its main office in another 
state, subject to certain deposit-percentage limitations, aging requirements and other restrictions. After a bank has established 
branches  in  a  state  through  an  interstate  merger  transaction,  the  bank  may  establish  and  acquire  additional  branches  at  any 
location  in  the  state  where  a  bank  headquartered  in  that  state  could  have  established  or  acquired  branches  under  applicable 
federal or state law.

Community Reinvestment Act

The Community Reinvestment Act (the “CRA”) requires federal bank regulatory agencies to encourage financial institutions to 
meet the credit needs of low- and moderate-income borrowers in their local communities. The agencies periodically examine 
the CRA performance of each of the institutions for which they are the primary federal regulator and assign one of four ratings: 
Outstanding; Satisfactory; Needs to Improve; or Substantial Noncompliance. In order for an insured depository institution and 
its parent holding company to take advantage of certain regulatory benefits, such as expedited processing of applications and 
the  ability  of  the  holding  company  to  engage  in  new  financial  activities,  the  insured  depository  institution  must  maintain  a 
rating of Outstanding or Satisfactory. An institution’s size and business strategy determines the type of examination that it will 
receive. The FDIC evaluates the Bank as a large, retail-oriented institution and applies performance-based lending, investment 
and service tests. In its most recent CRA evaluation, as of October 31, 2022, the Bank was rated Satisfactory under the CRA.

In October 2023, the federal regulatory agencies issued a joint final rule to modernize the CRA regulatory framework. The final 
rule is intended, among other things, to adapt to changes in the banking industry, including the expanded role of mobile and 
online banking, and to tailor performance standards to account for differences in bank size and business models. The final rule 
introduces new tests under which the performance of banks with over $2 billion in assets will be assessed. The new rule also 
includes data collection and reporting requirements, some of which are applicable only to banks with over $10 billion in assets, 
such  as  the  Bank.  Most  provisions  of  the  final  rule  will  become  effective  on  January  1,  2026,  and  the  data  reporting 
requirements will become effective on January 1, 2027.

Debit Interchange Fee Limitations

Under  the  Durbin  Amendment  to  the  Dodd-Frank  Act  and  the  Federal  Reserve’s  implementing  regulations,  the  debit  card 
interchange fee that the Bank charges merchants must be reasonable and proportional to the cost of clearing the transaction. The 
maximum permissible interchange fee is capped at the sum of $0.21 plus five basis points of the transaction value for many 
types  of  debit  interchange  transactions.  The  Bank  may  also  recover  $0.01  per  transaction  for  fraud  prevention  purposes  if  it 
complies  with  certain  fraud-related  requirements.  The  Federal  Reserve  also  has  established  rules  governing  routing  and 
exclusivity that require debit card issuers to offer two unaffiliated networks for routing transactions on each debit or prepaid 
product.

In October 2023, the Federal Reserve issued a proposal under which the maximum permissible interchange fee for an electronic 
debit transaction would be the sum of 14.4 cents per transaction and 4 basis points multiplied by the value of the transaction. In 
addition, the fraud-prevention adjustment would increase from a maximum of 1 cent to 1.3 cents. The proposal would adopt an 
approach  for  future  adjustments  to  the  interchange  fee  cap,  which  would  occur  every  other  year  based  on  issuer  cost  data 
gathered by the Federal Reserve from large debit card issuers.

14

Anti-Money Laundering and Sanctions Compliance

The Bank Secrecy Act, the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 and other federal laws and regulations require financial institutions, 
among  other  things,  to  institute  and  maintain  an  effective  anti-money  laundering  (“AML”)  program.  Under  these  laws  and 
regulations, the Bank is required to take steps to prevent the use of the Bank to facilitate the flow of illegal or illicit money, to 
report  large  currency  transactions  and  to  file  suspicious  activity  reports.  In  addition,  the  Bank  is  required  to  develop  and 
implement  a  comprehensive  AML  compliance  program,  as  well  as  have  in  place  appropriate  “know  your  customer”  policies 
and procedures. 

The  federal  Financial  Crimes  Enforcement  Network  of  the  Department  of  the  Treasury,  in  addition  to  other  bank  regulatory 
agencies, is authorized to impose significant civil money penalties for violations of these requirements and has recently engaged 
in coordinated enforcement efforts with state and federal banking regulators, in addition to the U.S. Department of Justice, the 
CFPB, the Drug Enforcement Administration and the Internal Revenue Service. Violations of AML requirements can also lead 
to  criminal  penalties.  In  addition,  the  federal  banking  agencies  are  required  to  consider  the  effectiveness  of  a  financial 
institution’s AML activities when reviewing proposed bank mergers and bank holding company acquisitions. 

The  Office  of  Foreign  Assets  Control  (“OFAC”)  is  responsible  for  administering  economic  sanctions  that  affect  transactions 
with designated foreign countries, foreign nationals and others, as defined by various Executive Orders and in various pieces of 
legislation. OFAC publishes lists of persons, organizations and countries suspected of aiding, harboring or engaging in terrorist 
acts. If we or the Bank find a name on any transaction, account or wire transfer that is on an OFAC list, we or the Bank must 
freeze  or  block  such  account  or  transaction,  file  a  suspicious  activity  report  and  notify  the  appropriate  authorities.  Failure  to 
comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational consequences. 

We and the Bank maintain policies, procedures and other internal controls designed to comply with these AML requirements 
and sanctions programs.

Consumer Protection Laws

The Bank is subject to a number of federal and state laws designed to protect customers and promote lending to various sectors 
of the economy and population. These consumer protection laws apply to a broad range of our activities and to various aspects 
of  our  business,  and  include  laws  relating  to  interest  rates,  fair  lending,  disclosures  of  credit  terms  and  estimated  transaction 
costs  to  consumer  borrowers,  debt  collection  practices,  the  use  of  and  the  provision  of  information  to  consumer  reporting 
agencies, and the prohibition of unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices in connection with the offer, sale or provision of 
consumer financial products and services. These laws include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, 
the  Truth  in  Lending  Act,  the  Home  Mortgage  Disclosure  Act,  the  Real  Estate  Settlement  Procedures  Act  and  the  Fair  Debt 
Collection Practices Act, as well as their state law counterparts. At the federal level, most consumer financial protection laws 
are administered by the CFPB, which supervises the Bank. Among other things, the CFPB has promulgated many mortgage-
related rules, including rules related to the ability to repay and qualified mortgage standards, mortgage servicing standards, loan 
originator  compensation  standards,  high-cost  mortgage  requirements,  Home  Mortgage  Disclosure  Act  requirements  and 
appraisal  and  escrow  standards  for  higher  priced  mortgages.  The  mortgage-related  final  rules  issued  by  the  CFPB  have 
materially  restructured  the  origination,  servicing  and  securitization  of  residential  mortgages  in  the  United  States,  and  have 
imposed significant compliance obligations and costs on mortgage lenders, including the Bank. 

Violations  of  applicable  consumer  protection  laws  can  result  in  significant  potential  liability,  including  actual  damages, 
restitution  and  injunctive  relief,  from  litigation  brought  by  customers,  state  attorneys  general  and  other  plaintiffs,  as  well  as 
enforcement actions by banking regulators and reputational harm.

Financial Privacy and Cybersecurity

Under  the  Gramm-Leach-Bliley  Act,  a  financial  institution  must  provide  to  its  customers,  at  the  inception  of  the  customer 
relationship  and  annually  thereafter,  the  institution’s  policies  and  procedures  regarding  the  handling  of  customers’  nonpublic 
personal financial information. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act also provides that, with certain limited exceptions, an institution 
may not provide such personal information to unaffiliated third parties unless the institution discloses to the customer that such 
information may be so provided and the customer is given the opportunity to opt out of such disclosure. Federal law makes it a 
criminal offense, except in limited circumstances, to obtain or attempt to obtain customer information of a financial nature by 
fraudulent or deceptive means.

15

The federal banking agencies pay close attention to the cybersecurity practices of banks, and the agencies include review of an 
institution’s information technology and its ability to thwart cyberattacks in their examinations. An institution’s failure to have 
adequate cybersecurity safeguards in place can result in supervisory criticism, monetary penalties and reputational harm.

In November 2021, the FDIC, the Federal Reserve and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency issued a joint final rule to 
establish  computer-security  incident  notification  requirements  for  banking  organizations  and  their  bank  service  providers. 
Under this rule, a bank must report certain computer-security incidents to its primary federal regulatory as soon as possible and 
no later than 36 hours after the bank determines that an incident requiring notification has occurred. In addition, bank service 
providers  must  notify  any  affected  banking  organization  customer  as  soon  as  possible  when  the  bank  service  provider 
determines that it has experienced a computer-security incident that has materially disrupted or degraded, or is reasonably likely 
to materially disrupt or degrade, services provided to such banking organization for a period of four or more hours.

In July 2023, the SEC issued a final rule that requires disclosure of material cybersecurity incidents, as well as cybersecurity 
risk  management,  strategy  and  governance.  Under  this  rule,  banking  organizations  that  are  SEC  registrants  must  generally 
disclose  information  about  a  material  cybersecurity  incident  within  four  business  days  of  determining  it  is  material,  with 
periodic updates as to the status of the incident in subsequent filings as necessary. 

State  regulators  have  also  been  increasingly  active  in  implementing  privacy  and  cybersecurity  standards  and  regulations. 
Recently, several states adopted regulations requiring certain financial institutions to implement cybersecurity programs, while 
others recently implemented or modified their data breach notification, information security and data privacy requirements. We 
expect this trend of state-level activity in these areas to continue, and we routinely monitor developments in the states in which 
our customers are located.

Climate-Related and Other ESG Developments

In recent years, federal, state and international lawmakers and regulators have increased their focus on financial institutions' and 
other  companies'  risk  oversight,  disclosures  and  practices  in  connection  with  climate  change  and  other  environmental,  social 
and governance (“ESG”) matters. In March 2022, the SEC issued a proposed rule on the enhancement and standardization of 
climate-related disclosures for investors. The proposed rule would require public issuers, including us, to significantly expand 
the  scope  of  climate-related  disclosures  in  their  SEC  filings.  The  SEC  has  also  announced  plans  to  propose  rules  to  require 
enhanced disclosure regarding human capital management.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

An  investment  in  our  Common  Stock  is  subject  to  risks  inherent  in  our  business.  The  material  risks  and  uncertainties  that 
management believes affect Ameris are described below. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider 
the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in 
this Annual Report. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing the Company. Additional risks and 
uncertainties that management is not aware of or focused on or that management currently deems immaterial may also impair 
the Company’s business operations. This Annual Report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.

If any of the following risks or uncertainties actually occurs, the Company’s financial condition and results of operations could 
be materially and adversely affected. If this were to happen, the value of the Common Stock could decline significantly, and 
you could lose all or part of your investment.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMPANY AND INDUSTRY

Our revenues are highly correlated to market interest rates.

Our assets and liabilities are primarily monetary in nature, and as a result, we are subject to significant risks tied to changes in 
interest rates. Our ability to operate profitably is largely dependent upon net interest income. In 2023, net interest income made 
up 77.5% of our revenue. Unexpected movement in interest rates, that may or may not change the slope of the current yield 
curve, could cause our net interest margins to decrease, subsequently decreasing net interest income. In addition, such changes 
could materially adversely affect the valuation of our assets and liabilities.

At present our one-year interest rate sensitivity position is asset sensitive, such that a gradual increase in interest rates during the 
next twelve months should have a positive impact on net interest income during that period.  However, as with most financial 
institutions, our results of operations are affected by changes in interest rates and our ability to manage this risk.  The difference 
between interest rates charged on interest-earning assets and interest rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities may be affected by 

16

changes in market interest rates, changes in relationships between interest rate indices, and changes in the relationships between 
long-term and short-term market interest rates. In addition, the mix of assets and liabilities could change as varying levels of 
market interest rates might present our customer base with more attractive options.

Certain changes in interest rates, inflation, deflation or the financial markets could affect demand for our products and our 
ability to deliver products efficiently.

Loan  originations,  and  potentially  loan  revenues,  could  be  materially  adversely  impacted  by  sharply  rising  interest  rates. 
Conversely,  sharply  falling  rates  could  increase  prepayments  within  our  securities  portfolio  lowering  interest  earnings  from 
those investments. Rising inflation could cause our operating costs related to salaries and benefits, technology and supplies to 
increase at a faster pace than our revenues.  Recently, inflation has been at a higher level than experienced in many decades, 
which has increased costs and impacted operations for the Company and many of its customers. 

The fair market value of our securities portfolio and the investment income from these securities also fluctuate depending on 
general  economic  and  market  conditions.  In  addition,  actual  net  investment  income  and/or  cash  flows  from  investments  that 
carry prepayment risk, such as mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, may differ from those anticipated at the time 
of investment as a result of interest rate fluctuations. Our capital position could be adversely impacted by declines in the fair 
market value of our securities portfolio. 

Our  concentration  of  real  estate  loans  subjects  the  Company  to  risks  that  could  materially  adversely  affect  our  results  of 
operations and financial condition.

The majority of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate, including commercial and industrial, construction and commercial 
real estate mortgage loans. These types of loans are generally viewed as having more risk of default and are typically larger 
than residential real estate loans or consumer loans. Because our loan portfolio contains a significant number of commercial and 
industrial, construction and commercial real estate loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of one or a few of these 
loans could cause a significant increase in non-performing loans. Declines in real estate values could cause the revenue stream 
from those loans to come under stress and require additional provision to the allowance for loan losses. In addition, our ability 
to dispose of foreclosed real estate and resolve credit quality issues is dependent upon real estate activity and real estate prices, 
both  of  which  can  be  highly  unpredictable.  Increases  in  non-performing  loans  have  resulted  in  a  net  loss  of  earnings  from 
particular loans, an increase in credit loss expense and an increase in loan charge-offs, and these and future instances could have 
a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 

Our allowance for credit losses may be insufficient.

We maintain allowances for credit losses on loans, securities and off-balance sheet credit exposures. In the case of loans and 
securities, allowances for credit losses are contra-asset valuation accounts that are deducted from the amortized cost basis of 
these assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. In the case of off-balance-sheet credit exposures, the allowance 
for  credit  losses  is  a  liability  account  reported  as  a  component  of  accrued  interest  payable  and  other  liabilities  in  our 
consolidated balance sheets. The amount of each allowance account represents management's best estimate of current expected 
credit  losses  on  these  financial  instruments  considering  available  information,  from  internal  and  external  sources,  relevant  to 
assessing exposure to credit loss over the contractual term of the instrument. Relevant available information includes historical 
credit  loss  experience,  current  conditions  and  reasonable  and  supportable  forecasts.  As  a  result,  the  determination  of  the 
appropriate  level  of  allowance  for  credit  losses  inherently  involves  a  high  degree  of  subjectivity  and  requires  us  to  make 
significant estimates related to current and expected future credit risks and trends, all of which may undergo material changes. 
Deterioration  in  economic  conditions,  including  the  possibility  of  a  recession,  affecting  borrowers  and  securities  issuers; 
inflation;  rising  interest  rates;  new  information  regarding  existing  loans,  credit  commitments  and  securities  holdings;  natural 
disasters  and  risks  related  to  climate  change;  and  identification  of  additional  problem  loans,  ratings  down-grades  and  other 
factors, both within and outside of our control, may require an increase in the allowances for credit losses on loans, securities 
and off-balance sheet credit exposures. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review our allowance for credit losses 
and may require an increase in credit loss expense or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different 
than those of management. Furthermore, if any charge-offs related to loans, securities or off-balance sheet credit exposures in 
future periods exceed our allowances for credit losses on loans, securities or off-balance sheet credit exposures, we will need to 
recognize additional credit loss expense to increase the applicable allowance. Any increase in the allowance for credit losses on 
loans, securities and/or off-balance sheet credit exposures will result in a decrease in net income and, possibly, capital, and may 
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to risk arising from conditions in the commercial real estate market.

As  of  December  31,  2023,  commercial  real  estate  mortgage  loans  comprised  approximately  39.8%  of  our  loan  portfolio. 
Commercial  real  estate  mortgage  loans  generally  involve  a  greater  degree  of  credit  risk  than  residential  real  estate  mortgage 

17

loans  because  they  typically  have  larger  balances  and  are  more  affected  by  adverse  conditions  in  the  economy.  Because 
payments  on  loans  secured  by  commercial  real  estate  often  depend  upon  the  successful  operation  and  management  of  the 
properties and the businesses which operate from within them, repayment of such loans may be affected by factors outside the 
borrower’s control, such as adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy or changes in government regulations. 
In recent years, commercial real estate markets have been particularly impacted by the economic disruption resulting from the 
COVID-19 pandemic, which has also been a catalyst for the evolution of various remote work options that could impact the 
long-term performance of some types of office properties within our commercial real estate portfolio. Accordingly, the federal 
banking regulatory agencies have expressed concerns about weaknesses in the current commercial real estate market. Failures 
in  our  risk  management  policies,  procedures  and  controls  could  adversely  affect  our  ability  to  manage  this  portfolio  going 
forward and could result in an increased rate of delinquencies in, and increased losses from, this portfolio, which, accordingly, 
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to liquidity risk.

We  require  liquidity  to  meet  our  deposit  and  debt  obligations  as  they  come  due.  Our  access  to  funding  sources  in  amounts 
adequate to finance our activities or on terms that are acceptable to us could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or 
the  financial  services  industry  or  economy  generally.  Factors  that  could  reduce  our  access  to  liquidity  sources  include  a 
downturn  in  the  economy  in  the  southeastern  United  States,  difficult  credit  markets  or  adverse  regulatory  actions  against  us. 
Our access to deposits may also be affected by the liquidity needs of our depositors. A substantial majority of our liabilities are 
demand,  savings,  interest  checking  and  money  market  deposits,  which  are  payable  on  demand  or  upon  several  days’  notice, 
while by comparison, a substantial portion of our assets are loans, which cannot be called or sold in the same timeframe. We 
may  not  be  able  to  replace  maturing  deposits  and  advances  as  necessary  in  the  future,  especially  if  a  large  number  of  our 
depositors sought to withdraw their accounts, regardless of the reason. Our access to deposits may be negatively impacted by, 
among  other  factors,  periods  of  low  interest  rates  or  higher  interest  rates  which  could  promote  increased  competition  for 
deposits,  including  from  new  financial  technology  competitors,  or  provide  customers  with  alternative  investment  options. 
Additionally,  negative  news  about  us  or  the  banking  industry  in  general  could  negatively  impact  market  and/or  customer 
perceptions  of  the  Company,  which  could  lead  to  a  loss  of  depositor  confidence  and  an  increase  in  deposit  withdrawals, 
particularly among those with uninsured deposits. Furthermore, as we and other regional banking organizations experienced in 
2023, the failure of other financial institutions may cause deposit outflows as customers spread deposits among several different 
banks so as to maximize their amount of FDIC insurance, move deposits to banks deemed "too big to fail" or remove deposits 
from the banking system entirely. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 43.7% of our deposits were uninsured, and we rely 
on these deposits for liquidity. A failure to maintain adequate liquidity could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition and results of operations.

Unrealized losses in our securities portfolio could affect liquidity.

As  market  interest  rates  have  increased,  we  have  experienced  unrealized  losses  on  our  available  for  sale  securities  portfolio. 
Unrealized  losses  related  to  available  for  sale  securities  are  reflected  in  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  in  our 
consolidated balance sheets and reduce the level of our book capital and tangible common equity. However, such unrealized 
losses do not affect our regulatory capital ratios. We actively monitor our available for securities portfolio and do not currently 
anticipate  the  need  to  realize  material  losses  from  the  sale  of  securities  for  liquidity  purposes.  Furthermore,  we  believe  it  is 
unlikely that we would be required to sell any such securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at 
maturity. Nonetheless, our access to liquidity sources could be affected by unrealized losses if securities must be sold at a loss; 
tangible  capital  ratios  continue  to  decline  from  an  increase  in  unrealized  losses  or  realized  credit  losses;  the  FHLB  or  other 
funding sources reduce capacity; or bank regulators impose restrictions on us that impact the level of interest rates we may pay 
on  deposits  or  our  ability  to  access  brokered  deposits.  Additionally,  significant  unrealized  losses  could  negatively  impact 
market  and/or  customer  perceptions  of  the  Company,  which  could  lead  to  a  loss  of  depositor  confidence  and  an  increase  in 
deposit withdrawals, particularly among those with uninsured deposits.

Cyberattacks or other security breaches could have a material adverse effect on our business.

In the normal course of business, we collect, process and retain sensitive and confidential information regarding our customers. 
We  also  have  arrangements  in  place  with  other  third  parties  through  which  we  share  and  receive  information  about  their 
customers who are or may become our customers. Although we devote significant resources and management focus to ensuring 
the integrity of our systems through information security and business continuity programs, our facilities and systems, and those 
of third-party service providers, are vulnerable to external or internal security breaches, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, 
misplaced  or  lost  data,  programming  or  human  errors  or  other  similar  events.    Additionally,  information  security  may  be 
adversely affected by the current or anticipated impact of military conflict, including the current wars in Ukraine and Israel, acts 
of terrorism or other geopolitical events.

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Information security risks for financial institutions like us continue to increase in part because of new technologies, the use of 
the  Internet  and  telecommunications  technologies  (including  mobile  devices)  to  conduct  financial  and  other  business 
transactions  and  the  increased  sophistication  and  activities  of  organized  crime,  perpetrators  of  fraud,  hackers,  terrorists  and 
others.  In  addition  to  cyberattacks  or  other  security  breaches  involving  the  theft  of  sensitive  and  confidential  information, 
hackers continue to engage in attacks against financial institutions. These attacks include denial of service attacks designed to 
disrupt  external  customer  facing  services  and  ransomware  attacks  designed  to  deny  organizations  access  to  key  internal 
resources or systems. We are not able to anticipate or implement effective preventive measures against all security breaches of 
these types, especially because the techniques used change frequently and because attacks can originate from a wide variety of 
sources. We employ detection and response mechanisms designed to contain and mitigate security incidents, but early detection 
may be thwarted by sophisticated attacks and malware designed to avoid detection.

We rely heavily on communications and information systems to conduct our business. Accordingly, we also face risks related to 
cyberattacks  and  other  security  breaches  in  connection  with  our  own  and  third-party  systems,  processes  and  data,  including 
credit  and  debit  card  transactions  that  typically  involve  the  transmission  of  sensitive  information  regarding  our  customers 
through  various  third  parties,  including  merchant  acquiring  banks,  payment  processors,  payment  card  networks  (e.g.,  Visa, 
MasterCard) and our processors. Some of these parties have in the past been the target of security breaches and cyberattacks, 
and because the transactions involve third parties and environments such as the point of sale that we do not control or secure, 
future security breaches or cyberattacks affecting any of these third parties could impact us through no fault of our own, and in 
some cases we may have exposure and suffer losses for breaches or attacks relating to them. We also rely on numerous other 
third-party service providers to conduct other aspects of our business operations and face similar risks relating to them. While 
we conduct security reviews on these third parties, we cannot be sure that their information security protocols are sufficient to 
withstand a cyberattack or other security breach.

The access by unauthorized persons to, or the improper disclosure by us of, confidential information regarding our customers or 
our  own  proprietary  information,  software,  methodologies  and  business  secrets  could  result  in  significant  legal  and  financial 
exposure, supervisory liability, damage to our reputation or a loss of confidence in the security of our systems, products and 
services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, 
our industry continues to experience well-publicized attacks or breaches affecting others in our industry that have heightened 
concern  by  consumers  generally  about  the  security  of  using  credit  and  debit  cards,  which  have  caused  some  consumers, 
including  our  customers,  to  use  our  credit  and  debit  cards  less  in  favor  of  alternative  methods  of  payment  and  has  led  to 
increased regulatory focus on, and potentially new regulations relating to, these methods. Further cyberattacks or other breaches 
in the future, whether affecting us or others, could intensify consumer concern and regulatory focus and result in reduced use of 
our cards, increased costs and regulatory penalties, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. To the 
extent we are involved in any future cyberattacks or other breaches, our brand and reputation could be affected, which could 
also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our business is highly correlated to local economic conditions in a geographically concentrated part of the United States.

Unlike  larger  organizations  that  are  more  geographically  diversified,  our  banking  offices  are  primarily  concentrated  in  select 
markets  in  Georgia,  Alabama,  Florida,  North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina.  As  a  result  of  this  geographic  concentration,  our 
financial results depend largely upon economic conditions in these market areas. Deterioration in economic conditions in the 
markets we serve could result in one or more of the following:

•
•
•
•

an increase in loan delinquencies;
an increase in problem assets and foreclosures;
a decrease in the demand for our products and services; and
a decrease in the value of collateral for loans, especially real estate, in turn reducing customers’ borrowing power, the 
value of assets associated with problem loans and collateral coverage.

We face additional risks due to our mortgage banking activities that could negatively impact net income and profitability.

We sell the majority of the mortgage loans that we originate. The sale of these loans generates noninterest income and can be a 
source of liquidity for the Bank. Disruption in the secondary market for residential mortgage loans as well as declines in real 
estate values, among other economic variables, could result in one or more of the following:

•

•
•

rising  interest  rates  has  caused  a  decline  in  mortgage  originations,  which  could  continue  and  potentially  worsen, 
negatively impacting our earnings;
our inability to sell mortgage loans on the secondary market could negatively impact our liquidity position;
reductions in real estate values could decrease the potential for mortgage originations, which could negatively impact 
our earnings;

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•

•

if it is determined that loans were made in breach of our representations and warranties to the secondary market, we 
could incur losses associated with the loans; and
increased compliance requirements could result in higher compliance costs, higher foreclosure proceedings or lower 
loan origination volume, all which could negatively impact future earnings.

Legislation and regulatory proposals enacted in response to market and economic conditions may materially adversely affect 
our business and results of operations.

The  banking  industry  is  heavily  regulated.  We  are  subject  to  examinations,  supervision  and  comprehensive  regulation  by 
various  federal  and  state  agencies.  Our  compliance  with  these  regulations  is  costly  and  restricts  certain  of  our  activities. 
Banking  regulations  are  primarily  intended  to  protect  the  broader  banking  system,  the  FDIC’s  Deposit  Insurance  Fund  and 
depositors,  not  shareholders.  The  burden  imposed  by  federal  and  state  regulations  puts  banks  at  a  competitive  disadvantage 
compared to less regulated competitors such as finance companies, mortgage banking companies and leasing companies. 

In addition, from time to time, various legislative and regulatory initiatives are introduced in Congress and state legislatures, or 
by regulatory agencies, that may impact the Company or the Bank. Such initiatives may include proposals to expand or contract 
the powers of bank holding companies and depository institutions or proposals to substantially change the financial institution 
regulatory system. Such legislation could change the operating environment of Ameris in substantial and unpredictable ways. If 
enacted, such legislation could increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect 
the competitive balance among banks, savings associations, credit unions and other financial institutions. The Company cannot 
predict whether any such legislation will be enacted, and, if enacted, the effect that it, or any implementing regulations, would 
have on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company. A change in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies 
applicable to the Company or the Bank could have a material effect on the business of the Company.

Our  growth  and  financial  performance  may  be  negatively  impacted  if  we  are  unable  to  successfully  execute  our  growth 
plans. 

Economic conditions and other factors, such as our ability to identify appropriate markets for expansion, our ability to recruit 
and retain qualified personnel, our ability to fund earning asset growth at a reasonable and profitable level, sufficient capital to 
support our growth initiatives, competitive factors and banking laws, will impact our success.

We  may  seek  to  supplement  our  internal  growth  through  acquisitions.    We  cannot  predict  with  certainty  the  number,  size  or 
timing of acquisitions, or whether any such acquisitions will occur at all. Our acquisition efforts have traditionally focused on 
targeted banking entities in markets in which we currently operate and markets in which we believe we can compete effectively. 
However, as consolidation of the financial services industry continues, the competition for suitable acquisition candidates may 
increase. We may compete with other financial services companies for acquisition opportunities, and many of these competitors 
have greater financial resources than we do and may be able to pay more for an acquisition than we are able or willing to pay. 
We also may need additional debt or equity financing in the future to fund acquisitions. We may not be able to obtain additional 
financing or, if available, it may not be in amounts and on terms acceptable to us. If we are unable to locate suitable acquisition 
candidates willing to sell on terms acceptable to us, or we are otherwise unable to obtain additional debt or equity financing 
necessary for us to continue making acquisitions, we would be required to find other methods to grow our business and we may 
not grow at the same rate we have in the past, or at all.

Generally, we must receive federal regulatory approval before we can acquire a bank or bank holding company. In determining 
whether to approve a proposed bank acquisition, federal bank regulators will consider, among other factors, the effect of the 
acquisition on the competition, financial condition and future prospects. The regulators also review current and projected capital 
ratios  and  levels,  the  competence,  experience  and  integrity  of  management  and  its  record  of  compliance  with  laws  and 
regulations, the convenience and needs of the communities to be served (including both institutions’ CRA performance history), 
and the effectiveness of the acquiring institution in combating money laundering activities. We cannot be certain when or if, or 
on  what  terms  and  conditions,  any  required  regulatory  approvals  will  be  granted.  We  may  also  be  required  to  sell  banks  or 
branches as a condition to receiving regulatory approval, which condition may not be acceptable to us or, if acceptable to us, 
may reduce the benefits of any acquisition.

In  the  past,  we  have  utilized  de  novo  branching  in  new  and  existing  markets  as  a  way  to  supplement  our  growth.  De  novo 
branching and any acquisition carry with it numerous risks, including the following:

•
•
•
•

the inability to obtain all required regulatory approvals;
significant costs and anticipated operating losses associated with establishing a de novo branch or a new bank;
the inability to secure the services of qualified senior management;
the  local  market  may  not  accept  the  services  of  a  new  bank  owned  and  managed  by  a  bank  holding  company 
headquartered outside of the market area of the new bank;

20

•
•
•

economic downturns in the new market;
the inability to obtain attractive locations within a new market at a reasonable cost; and
the additional strain on management resources and internal systems and controls.

We have experienced to some extent many of these risks with our de novo branching to date.

We rely on dividends from the Bank for most of our revenue.

Ameris  is  a  separate  and  distinct  legal  entity  from  its  subsidiaries.  It  receives  substantially  all  of  its  revenue  from  dividends 
from  the  Bank.  These  dividends  are  the  principal  source  of  funds  to  pay  dividends  on  the  Common  Stock  and  interest  and 
principal on the Company’s debt. Various federal and state laws and regulations limit the amount of dividends that the Bank 
may pay to the Company. Also, the Company’s right to participate in a distribution of assets upon a subsidiary’s liquidation or 
reorganization is subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary’s creditors. In the event the Bank is unable to pay dividends to the 
Company,  the  Company  may  not  be  able  to  service  debt,  pay  obligations  or  pay  dividends  on  the  Common  Stock  and  its 
business,  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  may  be  materially  adversely  affected.  Consequently,  cash-based 
activities, including further investments in the Bank or in support of the Bank, could require borrowings or additional issuances 
of common or preferred stock.

We are subject to regulation by various federal and state entities.

We  are  subject  to  the  regulations  of  the  SEC,  the  Federal  Reserve,  the  FDIC,  the  GDBF,  the  CFPB  and  other  governmental 
agencies  and  regulatory  bodies.  New  regulations  issued  by  these  agencies  may  adversely  affect  our  ability  to  carry  on  our 
business  activities.  We  are  subject  to  various  federal  and  state  laws  and  certain  changes  in  these  laws  and  regulations  may 
adversely affect our operations. Noncompliance with certain of these regulations may impact our business plans, including our 
ability to branch, offer certain products or execute existing or planned business strategies.

We are also subject to the accounting rules and regulations of the SEC and the Financial Accounting Standards Board. Changes 
in accounting rules could materially adversely affect the reported financial statements or our results of operations and may also 
require extraordinary efforts or additional costs to implement. Any of these laws or regulations may be modified or changed 
from time to time, and we cannot be assured that such modifications or changes will not adversely affect us.  

We are subject to industry competition which may have an impact upon our success.

Our  profitability  depends  on  our  ability  to  compete  successfully.  We  operate  in  a  highly  competitive  financial  services 
environment.  Certain  competitors  are  larger  and  may  have  more  resources  than  we  do.  We  face  competition  in  our  regional 
market areas from other commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, internet banks, mortgage companies, 
finance  companies,  mutual  funds,  insurance  companies,  brokerage  and  investment  banking  firms,  and  other  financial 
intermediaries that offer similar services. Some of our nonbank competitors are not subject to the same extensive regulations 
that govern us or our bank subsidiary and may have greater flexibility in competing for business.

Another competitive factor is that the financial services market, including banking services, is undergoing rapid changes with 
frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. Our future success may depend, in part, on our ability 
to use technology competitively to provide products and services that provide convenience to customers and create additional 
efficiencies in our operations.

Changes  in  the  policies  of  monetary  authorities  and  other  government  action  could  materially  adversely  affect  our 
profitability.

Banking is a business which depends on interest rate differentials for success. In general, the difference between the interest 
paid by a bank on its deposits and its other borrowings, and the interest received by a bank on its loans and securities holdings, 
constitutes the major portion of a bank’s earnings. Thus, our earnings and growth will be subject to the influence of economic 
conditions generally, both domestic and foreign, and also to the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States government 
and its agencies, particularly the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve administers monetary policy by setting target interest 
rates  that  it  attempts  to  effect,  primarily  through  open  market  dealings  in  United  States  government  securities.    The  Federal 
Reserve also may specifically target banking institutions through the discount rate at which banks may borrow from the Federal 
Reserve Banks and the reserve requirements on deposits. The nature and timing of any changes in such policies and their effect 
on Ameris cannot be known at this time, but could adversely affect our results of operations.

Fiscal  policy,  the  other  principal  tool  of  the  federal  government  to  oversee  the  national  economy  is  largely  in  the  hands  of 
Congress through its authority to make taxation and budget decisions, subject to Presidential approval.  These decisions may 
have a significant impact on the economic sectors in which we operate and could adversely affect our results of operations.

21

We may need to rely on the financial markets to provide needed capital.

Our Common Stock is listed and traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”). If the liquidity of the Nasdaq market 
should fail to operate at a time when we may seek to raise equity capital, or if conditions in the capital markets are adverse, we 
may be constrained in raising capital. Downgrades in the opinions of the analysts that follow our Company may cause our stock 
price to fall and significantly limit our ability to access the markets for additional capital. Should these risks materialize, our 
ability to further expand our operations through internal growth or acquisition may be limited.

We may invest or spend the proceeds in stock offerings in ways with which you may not agree and in ways that may not earn 
a profit.

We may choose to use the proceeds of future stock offerings for general corporate purposes, including for possible acquisition 
opportunities that may become available. It is not known whether suitable acquisition opportunities may become available or 
whether we will be able to successfully complete any such acquisitions. We may use the proceeds of an offering only to focus 
on sustaining our organic, or internal, growth or for other purposes. In addition, we may use all or a portion of the proceeds of 
an offering to support our capital. You may not agree with the ways we decide to use the proceeds of any stock offerings, and 
our use of the proceeds may not yield any profits.

We face risks related to our operational, technological and organizational infrastructure.

Our  ability  to  grow  and  compete  is  dependent  on  our  ability  to  build  or  acquire  the  necessary  operational  and  technological 
infrastructure and to manage the cost of that infrastructure while we expand. Similar to other large corporations, in our case, 
operational  risk  can  manifest  itself  in  many  ways,  such  as  errors  related  to  failed  or  inadequate  processes,  faulty  or  disabled 
computer systems, fraud by employees or persons outside of our Company and exposure to external events. We are dependent 
on  our  operational  infrastructure  to  help  manage  these  risks.  In  addition,  we  are  heavily  dependent  on  the  strength  and 
capability of our technology systems which we use both to interface with our customers and to manage our internal financial 
and other systems. Our ability to develop and deliver new products that meet the needs of our existing customers and attract 
new customers depends in part on the functionality of our technology systems. Additionally, our ability to run our business in 
compliance with applicable laws and regulations is dependent on these infrastructures.

We continuously monitor our operational and technological capabilities and make modifications and improvements when we 
believe it will be cost effective to do so. In some instances, we may build and maintain these capabilities ourselves. We also 
outsource some of these functions to third parties. These third parties may experience errors or disruptions that could adversely 
impact us and over which we may have limited control. We also face risk from the integration of new infrastructure platforms 
and/or new third party providers of such platforms into our existing businesses.

Financial services companies depend on the accuracy and completeness of information about customers and counterparties.

In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions, the Company may rely on information furnished by or on 
behalf  of  customers  and  counterparties,  including  financial  statements,  credit  reports  and  other  financial  information.  The 
Company  may  also  rely  on  representations  of  those  customers,  counterparties  or  other  third  parties,  such  as  independent 
auditors, as to the accuracy and completeness of that information. Reliance on inaccurate or misleading financial statements, 
credit reports or other financial information could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business and, in turn, the 
Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

Reputational risk and social factors may impact our results.

Our ability to originate and maintain accounts is highly dependent upon customer and other external perceptions of our business 
practices and our financial health. Adverse perceptions regarding our business practices or our financial health could damage 
our reputation in both the customer and funding markets, leading to difficulties in generating and maintaining accounts as well 
as in financing them. Adverse developments with respect to the consumer or other external perceptions regarding the practices 
of  our  competitors,  or  our  industry  as  a  whole,  may  also  adversely  impact  our  reputation.  In  addition,  adverse  reputational 
impacts on third parties with whom we have important relationships may also adversely impact our reputation. Adverse impacts 
on our reputation, or the reputation of our industry, may also result in greater regulatory or legislative scrutiny, which may lead 
to laws, regulations or regulatory actions that may change or constrain the manner in which we engage with our customers and 
the  products  we  offer.  Adverse  reputational  impacts  or  events  may  also  increase  our  litigation  risk.  We  carefully  monitor 
internal and external developments for areas of potential reputational risk and have established governance structures to assist in 
evaluating such risks in our business practices and decisions, but we cannot be certain that our efforts will completely mitigate 
these risks. 

22

We may not be able to attract and retain skilled people.

The Company’s success depends, in large part, on its ability to attract and retain key people. Competition for the best people in 
most activities engaged in by the Company can be intense, and the Company may not be able to hire people or to retain them. 
The unexpected loss of services of one or more of the Company’s key personnel could have a material adverse impact on the 
Company’s  business  because  of  their  skills,  knowledge  of  the  Company’s  market,  years  of  industry  experience  and  the 
difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel.

We engage in acquisitions of other businesses from time to time. These acquisitions may not produce revenue or earnings 
enhancements or cost savings at levels or within timeframes originally anticipated and may result in unforeseen integration 
difficulties.

When appropriate opportunities arise, we will engage in acquisitions of other businesses. Difficulty in integrating an acquired 
business or company may cause us not to realize expected revenue increases, cost savings, increases in geographic or product 
presence or other anticipated benefits from any acquisition. The integration could result in higher than expected deposit attrition 
(run-off), loss of key employees, disruption of our business or the business of the acquired company, or otherwise adversely 
affect our ability to maintain relationships with customers and employees or achieve the anticipated benefits of the acquisition. 
We will likely need to make additional investments in equipment and personnel to manage higher asset levels and loan balances 
as a result of any significant acquisition, which may materially adversely impact our earnings. Also, the negative effect of any 
divestitures required by regulatory authorities in acquisitions or business combinations may be greater than expected.

Depending on the condition of any institution that we may acquire, any acquisition may, at least in the near term, materially 
adversely affect our capital and earnings and, if not successfully integrated following the acquisition, may continue to have such 
effects.

Natural disasters, geopolitical events, public health crises and other catastrophic events beyond our control could adversely 
affect us.

Natural  disasters  such  as  hurricanes,  tropical  storms,  floods,  wildfires,  extreme  weather  conditions  and  other  acts  of  nature, 
geopolitical  events  such  as  those  involving  civil  unrest,  changes  in  government  regimes,  terrorism  or  military  conflict, 
pandemics and other public health crises, and other catastrophic events could adversely affect our business operations and those 
of  our  customers,  counterparties  and  service  providers,  and  cause  substantial  damage  and  loss  to  real  and  personal  property, 
including  damage  to  or  destruction  of  mortgaged  properties  or  our  own  banking  facilities  and  offices.  Natural  disasters, 
geopolitical  events,  public  health  crises  and  other  catastrophic  events,  or  concerns  about  the  occurrence  of  any  such  events, 
could impair our borrowers’ ability to service their loans, decrease the level and duration of deposits by customers, erode the 
value of loan collateral, including mortgaged properties, result in an increase in the amount of our non-performing loans and a 
higher level of non-performing assets, including real estate owned, net charge-offs and provision for loan losses, lead to other 
operational difficulties and impair our ability to manage our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, 
financial condition, results of operations and the value of our common stock. We also could be adversely affected if our key 
personnel  or  a  significant  number  of  our  employees  were  to  become  unavailable  due  to  a  public  health  crisis  (such  as  an 
outbreak  of  a  contagious  disease),  natural  disaster,  war,  act  of  terrorism,  accident  or  other  reason.    Additionally,  financial 
markets  may  be  adversely  affected  by  the  current  or  anticipated  impact  of  military  conflict,  including  the  current  wars  in 
Ukraine and Israel, acts of terrorism or other geopolitical events.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCK

The price of our Common Stock is volatile and may decline.

The trading price of our Common Stock may fluctuate widely as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside our 
control. In addition, the stock market is subject to fluctuations in the share prices and trading volumes that affect the market 
prices of the shares of many companies. These broad market fluctuations have adversely affected and may continue to adversely 
affect the market price of our Common Stock. 

Among the factors that could affect our stock price are:

•
•

•
•
•

actual or anticipated quarterly fluctuations in our operating results and financial condition;
changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of research reports and recommendations by financial analysts 
or actions taken by rating agencies with respect to our securities or those of other financial institutions;
failure to meet analysts’ revenue or earnings estimates;
speculation in the press or investment community, or in social media;
strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;

23

•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•

actions by institutional shareholders;
the soundness of other financial institutions;
fluctuations in the stock price and operating results of our competitors;
general  market  conditions  and,  in  particular,  developments  related  to  market  conditions  for  the  financial  services 
industry;
proposed or adopted regulatory changes or developments, including changes in accounting rules;
government intervention in the U.S. financial system;
proposed or adopted changes or developments in tax policies or rates;
anticipated or pending investigations, proceedings or litigation that involve or affect us; and
domestic and international economic or financial services industry factors unrelated to our performance.

A significant decline in our stock price could result in substantial losses for individual shareholders and could lead to costly and 
disruptive securities litigation.

Securities issued by us, including our Common Stock, are not FDIC insured.

Securities issued by us, including our Common Stock, are not savings or deposit accounts or other obligations of any bank and 
are not insured by the FDIC, the Deposit Insurance Fund or any other governmental agency or instrumentality, or any private 
insurer, and are subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of principal.

Holders of the Company’s debt obligations and any shares of the Company’s preferred stock that may be outstanding in the 
future will have priority over the Company’s common stock with respect to payment in the event of liquidation, dissolution 
or winding up and with respect to the payment of interest and preferred dividends.

In the event of any winding up and termination of the Company, our Common Stock would rank below all claims of the holders 
of the Company’s debt and any preferred stock then outstanding.  As of December 31, 2023, we had outstanding trust preferred 
securities  and  accompanying  junior  subordinated  debentures  with  a  carrying  value  of  $130.3  million  and  other  subordinated 
notes payable with a carrying value of $291.1 million.  

Upon  the  winding  up  and  termination  of  the  Company,  holders  of  our  Common  Stock  will  not  be  entitled  to  receive  any 
payment or other distribution of assets until after all of our obligations to our debt holders have been satisfied and holders of our 
senior  debt,  subordinated  debt  and  junior  subordinated  debentures  issued  in  connection  with  trust  preferred  securities  have 
received  any  payments  and  other  distributions  due  to  them.    In  addition,  we  are  required  to  pay  interest  on  our  senior  debt, 
subordinated debt and junior subordinated debentures issued in connection with the Company’s trust preferred securities before 
we pay any dividends on our Common Stock.  

We may borrow funds or issue additional debt  and equity  securities or  securities convertible  into equity securities,  any of 
which may be senior to our Common Stock as to distributions and in liquidation, which could negatively affect the value of 
our Common Stock.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by entering into debt or debt-like financing that is unsecured or 
secured  by  all  or  up  to  all  of  our  assets,  or  by  issuing  additional  debt  or  equity  securities,  which  could  include  issuances  of 
secured or unsecured commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior notes, subordinated notes, preferred stock, common stock 
or securities convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities. In the event of our liquidation, our lenders and holders of 
our debt and preferred securities would receive a distribution of our available assets before distributions to the holders of our 
Common Stock. Because our decision to incur debt and issue securities in our future offerings will depend on market conditions 
and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate with certainty the amount, timing or nature of our future 
offerings and debt financings. Further, market conditions could require us to accept less favorable terms for the issuance of our 
securities in the future. In addition, the borrowing of funds or issuance of debt would increase our leverage and decrease our 
liquidity, and the issuance of additional equity securities would dilute the interests of our existing shareholders.

You may not receive dividends on the Common Stock.

Holders  of  our  Common  Stock  are  only  entitled  to  receive  such  dividends  as  our  Board  may  declare  out  of  funds  legally 
available for such payments. Although we have consistently paid dividends on our Common Stock in recent years, the payment 
of dividends could be suspended at any time.

24

Sales of a significant number of shares of our Common Stock in the public markets, or the perception of such sales, could 
depress the market price of our Common Stock.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public markets and the availability of those shares for sale 
could  adversely  affect  the  market  price  of  our  Common  Stock.  In  addition,  future  issuances  of  equity  securities,  including 
pursuant to outstanding options, could dilute the interests of our existing shareholders and could cause the market price of our 
Common Stock to decline. We may issue such additional equity or convertible securities to raise additional capital. Depending 
on the amount offered and the levels at which we offer the stock, issuances of common or preferred stock could be substantially 
dilutive to shareholders of our Common Stock. Moreover, to the extent that we issue restricted stock, phantom shares, stock 
appreciation rights, options or warrants to purchase our Common Stock in the future and those stock appreciation rights, options 
or warrants are exercised or as shares of the restricted stock vest, our shareholders may experience further dilution. Holders of 
our shares of Common Stock have no preemptive rights that entitle holders to purchase their pro rata share of any offering of 
shares of any class or series and, therefore, such sales or offerings could result in increased dilution to our shareholders. We 
cannot predict with certainty the effect that future sales of our Common Stock would have on the market price of our Common 
Stock.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

Risk Management and Strategy

Our  Board  is  regularly  involved  in  oversight  of  the  Company’s  risk  management  program,  and  cybersecurity  represents  an 
important component of the Company’s overall approach to enterprise risk management (“ERM”).  In general, the Company 
seeks  to  address  cybersecurity  risks  through  a  comprehensive,  cross-functional  approach  that  is  focused  on  preserving  the 
confidentiality, integrity and availability of the information that the Company collects, stores and uses.  Our principal objective 
for managing cybersecurity risk is to effectively identify and prevent or mitigate the impacts of external threat events or other 
efforts to penetrate, disrupt or misuse our systems or information.  

The underlying controls of our information security program are based on regulatory guidance, recognized best practices and 
industry  standards,  including  the  National  Institute  of  Standards  and  Technology  Cybersecurity  Framework.    In  addition,  we 
leverage  certain  industry  and  government  associations,  third-party  benchmarking,  audits  and  threat  intelligence  feeds  to 
facilitate and promote program effectiveness.  Our Corporate Information Security Officer and our Chief Information Officer, 
to whom the Corporate Information Security Officer reports, as well as key members of their teams, regularly collaborate with 
peer banks, industry groups and others to consider cybersecurity and incident response issues, trends and best practices.  The 
information security program is periodically reviewed by these individuals and their teams with the goal of addressing evolving 
threats  and  conditions.    Our  enterprise  information  security  team  consists  of  information  security  professionals  with  varying 
degrees of education and experience who are generally subject to professional education and certification requirements.  

As one of the critical elements of our overall ERM approach, our cybersecurity program includes a focus on the following key 
areas:  

•

•

•

Governance.  As discussed further below, the Board’s oversight of cybersecurity risk management is supported by the 
Enterprise Risk Committee of the Board (the “ERC”), which regularly interacts with the Company’s ERM function, 
Corporate  Information  Security  Officer,  Business  Continuity  Director  and  other  key  members  of  management.    The 
activities of the ERC include a quarterly review of our cybersecurity risk profile, and the ERC provides a report of its 
activities at each meeting of the full Board.  

Technical  Safeguards.   We  deploy  technical  safeguards  that  are  designed  to  protect  the  Company’s  information 
systems  from  cybersecurity  threats,  including  firewalls,  intrusion  prevention  and  detection  systems,  anti-malware 
functionality  and  access  controls,  which  are  evaluated  and  improved  through  vulnerability  assessments  and 
cybersecurity threat intelligence.  

Third-Party Risk Management.  We have designed and maintain a comprehensive, risk-based program in accordance 
with  applicable  regulatory  standards  for  identifying  and  overseeing  cybersecurity  risks,  among  others,  presented  by 
third  parties  with  whom  we  engage  for  the  conduct  of  our  business,  including  vendors,  service  providers  and  other 
external users of our systems, as well as the systems of third parties that could adversely impact our business in the 
event of a cybersecurity incident affecting those third-party systems.  

25

•

•

Education and Awareness.  We provide regular, mandatory training for our employees regarding cybersecurity threats 
as  a  means  to  equip  them  with  effective  tools  to  address  cybersecurity  threats,  and  to  communicate  our  evolving 
information security policies, standards, processes and practices.  

Incident Response Plan.  In addition, we maintain a comprehensive incident response plan that provides a documented 
framework  for  responding  to  actual  or  potential  cybersecurity  incidents,  including  timely  notification  to  appropriate 
management  committees  and,  as  appropriate,  the  ERC.    The  incident  response  plan  is  overseen  by  our  Business 
Continuity Director, who reports directly to our Chief Information Officer, and coordinated across multiple parts of the 
Company, with key members of management included in the implementation and execution of the plan.  The incident 
response plan is updated as appropriate and evaluated at least annually.

We also engage in the periodic assessment and testing of our policies, standards, processes and practices that are designed to 
address  cybersecurity  threats  and  incidents.    These  efforts  include  a  wide  range  of  activities,  including  audits,  assessments, 
tabletop  exercises,  threat  modeling,  vulnerability  and  penetration  testing  and  other  exercises  focused  on  evaluating  the 
effectiveness  of  our  cybersecurity  measures  and  planning.    We  regularly  engage  third  parties  to  perform  assessments  on  our 
cybersecurity  measures,  including  information  security  maturity  assessments,  audits  and  independent  reviews  of  our 
information security control environment and operating effectiveness.  The results of such assessments, audits and reviews are 
reported to the ERC, who reports such results to the Board as appropriate, and we tailor our cybersecurity policies, standards, 
processes and practices as necessary based on the information provided by these assessments, audits and reviews.  

The threat posed by cyberattacks and other cybersecurity incidents is significant, notwithstanding our prevention and mitigation 
systems  and  processes.    To  date,  we  have  not  experienced  cybersecurity  threats,  including  as  a  result  of  any  previous 
cybersecurity  incidents,  that  have  materially  affected  or  are  reasonably  likely  to  affect  the  Company,  including  our  business 
strategy,  results  of  operations  or  financial  condition.    For  additional  discussion  of  risks  from  cybersecurity  threats,  see 
“Cyberattacks or other security breaches could have a material adverse effect on our business.” in Item 1A., “Risk Factors.”  

Governance

The Board, in coordination with the ERC, oversees our ERM process, including specifically the management of risks arising 
from  cybersecurity  threats.    The  Board  and  the  ERC  each  receive  periodic  presentations  and  reports  on  cybersecurity  risks, 
which address a wide range of topics including recent developments, evolving standards, vulnerability assessments, third-party 
and  independent  reviews,  the  threat  environment  and  information  security  considerations  that  may  arise  with  respect  to  our 
peers, key vendors and other relevant third parties.  If a cybersecurity incident meeting established reporting thresholds should 
occur, the Board and the ERC would also receive timely information regarding such incident, plus appropriate updates until the 
situation has been sufficiently resolved.    

Our  Corporate  Information  Security  Officer,  who  holds  relevant  degrees  and  certifications  and  has  more  than  15  years  of 
information  technology  and  information  security  experience  specific  to  the  financial  services  industry,  is  charged  with 
managing our enterprise information security function and administering our information security program.  This area’s roles 
and  responsibilities  include  cybersecurity  risk  assessment,  vulnerability  assessment,  defensive  operations,  threat  intelligence 
and identity access governance, as well as coordination with our Business Continuity Director for additional risk assessment, 
incident  response  and  business  resilience.    These  responsibilities  are  addressed  by  a  first  line  of  defense  function,  with  our 
second  line  of  defense  function,  including  the  Corporate  Information  Security  Officer,  providing  oversight,  guidance, 
monitoring and management of the first line’s activities.  Through ongoing engagement among these personnel, our Corporate 
Information Security Officer and other key members of management routinely monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and 
remediation of cybersecurity threats and incidents, and report such threats and incidents to the ERC when appropriate.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The  Company’s  corporate  headquarters  is  located  at  3490  Piedmont  Road  N.E.,  Suite  1550,  Atlanta,  Georgia  30305.  The 
Company occupies approximately 19,200 square feet at this location plus an additional 90,800 square feet used for a branch 
location and support services for banking operations, including credit, marketing and operational support. The Company also 
leases approximately 38,000 square feet in  Jacksonville, Florida used for additional corporate support services. Inclusive of the 
branch  at  its  headquarters,    Ameris  operates  164  branch  locations.  Of  the  164  branch  locations,  137  are  owned  and  27  are 
subject  to  either  building  or  ground  leases.  Ameris  also  operates  32  mortgage  and  loan  production  offices,  all  of  which  are 
subject to building leases. At December 31, 2023, there were no significant encumbrances on the offices, equipment or other 
operational  facilities  owned  by  Ameris  and  the  Bank.    We  believe  that  our  properties  are  suitable  for  the  purposes  of  our 
operations.

26

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Disclosure  concerning  legal  proceedings  can  be  found  in  Item  8.  "Financial  Statements  and  Supplementary  Data,  Notes  to 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  Note  19.  Commitments  and  Contingent  Liabilities"  under  the  caption,  "Litigation  and 
Regulatory Contingencies," which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

27

PART II

ITEM  5.  MARKET  FOR  REGISTRANT’S  COMMON  EQUITY,  RELATED  STOCKHOLDER  MATTERS  AND 
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market for Our Common Stock

The Common Stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “ABCB”.  As of  February 20, 2024, there were approximately 2,644 
holders of record of the Common Stock. We believe a portion of Common Stock outstanding is held either in nominee name or 
street  name  brokerage  accounts;  therefore,  the  Company  is  unable  to  determine  the  number  of  beneficial  owners  of  the 
Common Stock.

The  amount  of  and  nature  of  any  dividends  declared  on  our  Common  Stock  will  be  determined  by  our  Board  in  its  sole 
discretion.  The  Company  is  required  to  comply  with  the  restrictions  on  the  payment  of  dividends  in  respect  of  the  Common 
Stock discussed in the section of Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report captioned “Payment of Dividends and Other Restrictions.”

Repurchases of Common Stock

The  following  table  provides  information  with  respect  to  purchases  made  by  or  on  behalf  of  the  Company  or  any  “affiliated 
purchaser”  (as  defined  in  Rule  10b-18(a)(3)  under  the  Exchange  Act)  of  our  Common  Stock  during  the  three-month  period 
ended  December 31, 2023. 

Period

October 1, 2023 through October 31, 2023

November 1, 2023 through November 30, 2023

December 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023

Total

Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased(1)

Average Price
Paid Per Share

60,761  $ 

26,400  $ 

—  $ 

87,161  $ 

37.37 

37.71 

— 

37.47 

Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs

Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares That
 May Yet be
Purchased
Under the 
Plans
or Programs(2)
97,759,204 

60,000  $ 

26,400  $ 

96,763,673 

—  $ 

96,763,673 

86,400  $ 

96,763,673 

(1) The shares purchased from October 1, 2023 through October 31, 2023 include 761 shares of common stock surrendered to the Company in payment 

of the income tax withholding obligations relating to the vesting of shares of restricted stock.

(2) On  September  19,  2019,  the  Company  announced  that  its  board  of  directors  authorized  the  Company  to  repurchase  up  to  $100.0  million  of  its 
outstanding  common  stock  through  October  31,  2020.    The  Board  has  subsequently  extended  the  share  repurchase  program  each  year  since  the 
original authorization, with the most recent extension, which also included the replenishment of the program to $100.0 million, being announced on 
October 26, 2023. As a result, the Company is currently authorized to engage in additional share repurchases totaling up to $100.0 million through 
October 31, 2024.  Repurchases of shares must be made in accordance with applicable securities laws and may be made from time to time in the 
open market or by negotiated transactions. The amount and timing of repurchases will be based on a variety of factors, including share acquisition 
price, regulatory limitations and other market and economic factors. The program does not require the Company to repurchase any specific number 
of shares.  As of December 31, 2023, an aggregate of $3.2 million, or 86,400 shares of the Company's common stock, had been repurchased under 
the program's October 26, 2023 renewal, which also included the replenishment of the program to $100.0 million.

28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performance Graph

Set forth below is a line graph comparing the change in the cumulative total shareholder return on the Common Stock against 
the cumulative return of the NASDAQ Stock Market (U.S. Companies) index and the index of KBW NASDAQ Bank Stocks 
for  the  five-year  period  commencing  December  31,  2018  and  ending  December  31,  2023.  This  line  graph  assumes  an 
investment of $100 on December 31, 2018, and reinvestment of dividends and other distributions to shareholders.

Total Return Performance

300

250

e
u
l
a
V
x
e
d
n
I

200

150

100

50

12/31/18

12/31/19

12/31/20

12/31/21

12/31/22

12/31/23

Ameris Bancorp

NASDAQ Stock Market (US Companies)

KBW NASDAQ Bank Stocks

Index

Ameris Bancorp

NASDAQ Stock Market (US Companies)

KBW NASDAQ Bank Stocks

Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence

Period Ending

12/31/2018

12/31/2019

12/31/2020

12/31/2021

12/31/2022

12/31/2023

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

136.06 

136.69 

136.13 

124.77 

198.10 

122.09 

164.72 

242.03 

168.88 

158.41 

163.28 

132.75 

181.02 

236.17 

131.57 

Pursuant to the regulations of the SEC, this performance graph is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed filed with the SEC 
and is not to be incorporated by reference in any filing of the Company under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

ITEM 6. [Reserved]

29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM  7.  MANAGEMENT’S  DISCUSSION  AND  ANALYSIS  OF  FINANCIAL  CONDITION  AND  RESULTS  OF 
OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW

During 2023, the Company reported net income of $269.1 million, or $3.89 per diluted share, compared with $346.5 million, or 
$4.99 per diluted share, in 2022. The Company’s net income as a percentage of average assets for 2023 and 2022 was 1.06% 
and  1.47%,  respectively,  while  the  Company’s  net  income  as  a  percentage  of  average  shareholders’  equity  was  8.12%  and 
11.24%,  respectively.    Reported  net  income  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  includes  $142.7  million  in  provision  for 
credit losses, primarily related to updated economic forecasts and organic growth, partially offset by a reduction in unfunded 
commitments and the related allowance, compared with a provision of $71.7 million in 2022 resulting from organic growth in 
loans and the updated economic forecast. Results for the year ended December 31, 2023 also includes $11.6 million related to 
the FDIC special assessment.

Highlights of the Company’s performance in 2023 include the following:

•

•

•

•

•

•

Growth in tangible book value per share1 of 12.4%, from $29.92 at the end of 2022 to $33.64 at the end of 2023
Adjusted efficiency ratio1 of 52.58%, compared with 52.48% in 2022

Organic growth in loans of $414.1 million, or 2.1%

Growth in total deposits of $1.25 billion, or 6.4%

Nonperforming portfolio assets, excluding government-guaranteed loans, as a percentage of total assets improved to 
0.33% at December 31, 2023, compared with 0.34% at December 31, 2022

Increase  in  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  to  1.52%  of  loans,  from  1.04%  at  December  31,  2022,  due  to  forecasted 
economic conditions, particularly related to commercial real estate price levels

______________________________________________________________________________________________________
1 A reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures can be found in the following tables.

30

Adjusted Net Income Reconciliation

(dollars in thousands except per share data)
Net income available to common shareholders

Adjustment items:

Merger and conversion charges
Gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights
Servicing right impairment (recovery)
FDIC special assessment
Natural disaster expenses
Gain on BOLI proceeds
Gain on sale of premises
Tax effect of adjustment items (Note 1)

After-tax adjustment items

Adjusted net income

Total shareholders' equity
Less:

Goodwill
Other intangibles, net

Total tangible shareholders' equity

Period end number of shares
Book value per share
Tangible book value per share

Year Ended

December 31,

2023
$  269,105 

2022
$  346,540 

— 
— 
— 
11,566 
— 
(486) 
(1,903) 
(2,029) 
7,148 

1,212 
(1,356) 
(21,824) 
— 
151 
(55) 
(45) 
4,792 
(17,125) 

$  276,253 

$  329,415 

$ 3,426,747 

$ 3,197,400 

 1,015,646 
87,949 
$ 2,323,152 

 1,015,646 
  106,194 
$ 2,075,560 

 69,053,341 
49.62 
$ 
33.64 
$ 

 69,369,050 
46.09 
$ 
29.92 
$ 

Note 1: Tax effect is calculated utilizing a 21% rate for taxable adjustments.  Gain on BOLI proceeds is non-taxable and no tax effect is 
included.  A portion of the merger and conversion charges for 2022 are nondeductible for tax purposes.  

Non-performing Portfolio Assets Reconciliation

(dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual portfolio loans
Other real estate owned
Repossessed assets
Accruing loans delinquent 90 days or more

Non-performing portfolio assets

Serviced GNMA-guaranteed mortgage nonaccrual loans

Total non-performing assets

Total assets
Non-performing portfolio assets as a percent of total assets
Total non-performing assets as a percent of total assets

Year Ended

December 31,

2023
$  60,961 
6,199 
17 
16,988 
$  84,165 
90,156 
$  174,321 

2022
$  65,221 
843 
28 
17,865 
$  83,957 
69,587 
$  153,544 

25,203,699
 0.33 %
 0.69 %

25,053,286
 0.34 %
 0.61 %

31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted Efficiency Ratio Reconciliation

(dollars in thousands except per share data)
Adjusted Noninterest Expense
Total noninterest expense
Adjustment items:

Merger and conversion charges
FDIC special assessment
Natural disaster expenses
Gain on sale of premises
Adjusted noninterest expense

Total Revenue
Net interest income
Noninterest income
Total revenue

Adjusted Total Revenue
Net interest income (TE)
Noninterest income
Total revenue (TE)
Adjustment items:

(Gain) loss on securities
Gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights
Gain on BOLI proceeds
Servicing right impairment (recovery)

Adjusted total revenue (TE)

Efficiency ratio
Adjusted efficiency ratio (TE)

Year Ended

December 31,

2023

2022

$  578,281 

$  560,655 

— 
(11,566) 
— 
1,903 
$  568,618 

(1,212) 
— 
(151) 
45 
$  559,337 

$  835,044 
  242,828 
$ 1,077,872 

$  801,026 
  284,424 
$ 1,085,450 

$  838,824 
  242,828 
 1,081,652 

$  804,895 
  284,424 
 1,089,319 

304 
— 
(486) 
— 
$ 1,081,470 

(203) 
(1,356) 
(55) 
(21,824) 
$ 1,065,881 

 53.65 %
 52.58 %

 51.65 %
 52.48 %

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Ameris  has  established  certain  accounting  and  financial  reporting  policies  to  govern  the  application  of  accounting  principles 
generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America  (“GAAP”)  in  the  preparation  of  its  financial  statements.  Our  significant 
accounting  policies  are  described  in  Note  1  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  Certain  accounting  policies  involve 
significant judgments and assumptions by management which have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and 
liabilities; management considers these accounting policies to be critical accounting policies. The judgments and assumptions 
used  by  management  are  based  on  historical  experience  and  other  factors  which  are  believed  to  be  reasonable  under  the 
circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgments and assumptions made by management, actual results could differ from 
the judgments and estimates adopted by management which could have a material impact on the carrying values of assets and 
liabilities and the results of our operations. We believe the following accounting policies applied by Ameris represent critical 
accounting policies.

Allowance for Credit Losses

We  believe  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  ("ACL")  is  a  critical  accounting  policy  that  requires  significant  judgments  and 
estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.  The ACL is a valuation allowance estimated at each 
balance sheet date in accordance with GAAP that is deducted from financial assets measured at amortized cost to present the 
net  amount  expected  to  be  collected  on  those  assets.  Management  uses  a  systematic  methodology  to  determine  its  ACL  for 
loans and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Management considers relevant information including past events, current 
conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts on the collectability of the loan portfolio. The Company’s estimate of its 
ACL involves a high degree of judgment; therefore, management’s process for determining expected credit losses may result in 
a  range  of  expected  credit  losses.  It  is  possible  that  others,  given  the  same  information,  may  at  any  point  in  time  reach  a 
different reasonable conclusion.

32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans  which  share  common  risk  characteristics  are  pooled  for  the  purposes  of  determining  the  ACL.  Management  uses  the 
discounted cash flow method or the PD×LGD method, which may be adjusted for qualitative factors, in measuring the ACL for 
pooled loans.  Loans which do not share common risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. When repayment is 
expected to be from the operation of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized 
cost basis of the loan exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral. The expected credit 
losses  may  also  be  calculated,  in  the  alternative,  as  the  amount  by  which  the  amortized  cost  basis  of  the  loan  exceeds  the 
estimated fair value of the collateral.  When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses 
are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral 
less estimated cost to sell.

Management believes that the ACL is adequate. While management uses available information to recognize expected losses on 
loans, future additions to the ACL may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions. In addition, various regulatory 
agencies,  as  an  integral  part  of  their  examination  processes,  periodically  review  the  Company’s  ACL.  Such  agencies  may 
require the Company to recognize additions to the ACL based on their judgments about information available to them at the 
time of their examination.

As discussed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, Management determined the ACL on loans at December 31, 
2023 utilizing the Moody's baseline economic forecast.  Results by scenario can vary significantly from period to period as both 
the scenario assumptions and the portfolio composition are changing.  If Management utilized the downside 96th percentile S-4 
scenario  from  Moody's  holding  all  other  assumptions  constant,  the  quantitative  portion  of  the  ACL  on  loans  would  have 
increased approximately $132.3 million.  The S-4 scenario is a downside scenario such that there is a 96% probability that the 
economy will perform better than the forecast and a 4% probability that the economy will perform worse.  

Goodwill

Goodwill  represents  the  excess  of  cost  over  the  fair  value  of  the  net  assets  purchased  in  business  combinations.  Goodwill  is 
required to be tested annually for impairment or whenever events occur that may indicate that the recoverability of the carrying 
amount  is  not  probable.  In  the  event  of  an  impairment,  the  amount  by  which  the  carrying  amount  exceeds  the  fair  value  is 
charged to earnings. The Company performs its annual impairment testing of goodwill at December 31 of each year and more 
frequently if a triggering event occurs. 

During the second quarter of 2023, the Company assessed the indicators of goodwill impairment and determined a triggering 
event had occurred due to the sustained decline in the Company's stock price. The Company performed a quantitative analysis 
of goodwill at the divisions as of June 30, 2023. The Premium Finance Division was measured utilizing a discounted cash flow 
approach. The Banking Division was measured using multiple approaches. The primary approach for the Banking Division was 
the  discounted  cash  flow  approach,  and  the  Company  also  used  a  market  approach  comparing  to  similar  public  companies' 
multiples  and  control  premiums  from  transactions  during  prior  distressed  periods.  The  results  from  each  of  the  primary 
approaches  showed  valuation  of  the  reporting  unit  in  excess  of  carrying  value  at  June  30,  2023.  The  discounted  cash  flow 
approach  for  the  Premium  Finance  Division  resulted  in  a  fair  value  approximately  8%  higher  than  its  carrying  value.  The 
discounted  cash  flow  approach  for  the  Banking  Division  indicated  a  fair  value  approximately  20%  higher  than  its  carrying 
value, and the market approach indicated a fair value approximately 9% higher than its carrying value. As a result, management 
determined no impairment existed at June 30, 2023.  Holding all other variables constant, an increase of 1% in the discount rate 
would  reduce  the  calculated  fair  value  of  the  Premium  Finance  Division  and  Banking  Division  by  approximately  8.8%  and 
6.9%, respectively.

At December 31, 2023, the Company performed its annual qualitative assessment and determined that it was more likely than 
not that the reporting units fair values exceeded their carrying values.

See Note 6, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” in the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.

Income Taxes

As  required  by  GAAP,  we  use  the  asset  and  liability  method  of  accounting  for  deferred  income  taxes  and  provide  deferred 
income taxes for all significant income tax temporary differences. See Note 12, “Income Taxes,” in the notes to consolidated 
financial statements for additional details.

As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of 
the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating our actual current tax exposure together with assessing 
temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as the provision for credit losses and gains on FDIC-

33

assisted transactions, for tax and financial reporting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities that 
are included in our consolidated balance sheet.

We must also assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and to the extent 
we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. Significant management judgment is required in 
determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against 
our  net  deferred  tax  assets.  To  the  extent  we  establish  a  valuation  allowance  or  adjust  this  allowance  in  a  period,  we  must 
include an expense within the tax provisions in the statement of income.

NET INCOME AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company’s net income during 2023 was $269.1 million, or $3.89 per diluted share, compared with $346.5 million, or $4.99 
per diluted share, in 2022, and $376.9 million, or $5.40 per diluted share, in 2021.

For the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company recorded net income of $65.9 million, or $0.96 per diluted share, compared with 
$82.2  million,  or  $1.18  per  diluted  share,  for  the  quarter  ended  December  31,  2022,  and  $81.9  million,  or  $1.18  per  diluted 
share, for the quarter ended December 31, 2021.

EARNING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

Average earning assets were approximately $23.26 billion in 2023, compared with approximately $21.41 billion in 2022. The 
earning  asset  and  interest-bearing  liability  mix  is  regularly  monitored  to  maximize  the  net  interest  margin  and,  therefore, 
increase return on assets and shareholders’ equity.

The  following  statistical  information  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  remainder  of  “Management’s  Discussion  and 
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included 
elsewhere in this Annual Report and in the documents incorporated herein by reference.

34

(dollars in thousands)

Assets

Interest-earning assets:

Interest-bearing deposits in 
banks

Federal funds sold

Time deposits in other banks

Liabilities and Shareholders' 
Equity

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Interest-bearing deposits

NOW Accounts

MMDA

Savings Accounts

Retail CDs

Brokered CDs

Non-deposit funding

Federal funds purchased and 
securities sold under 
agreements to repurchase

FHLB advances

Other borrowings

Subordinated deferrable 
interest debentures

The following tables set forth the amount of average balance, interest income or interest expense, and average interest rate for 
each  category  of  interest-earning  assets  and  interest-bearing  liabilities,  net  interest  spread  and  net  interest  margin  on  average 
interest-earning assets. Federally tax-exempt income is presented on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a 21% federal tax rate.

Year Ended December 31,

2023

Average
Balance

Interest
Income/
Expense

Average
Yield/
Rate Paid

Average
Balance

2022

Interest
Income/
Expense

Average
Yield/
Rate Paid

Average
Balance

2021

Interest
Income/
Expense

Average
Yield/
Rate Paid

$  914,818  $  47,936 

 5.24 % $ 1,993,672  $  23,008 

 1.15 % $ 2,857,141  $  3,880 

 0.14 %

— 

— 

— 

— 

 — 

 — 

10,836 

— 

77 

— 

Investment securities - taxable

  1,664,184 

  59,002 

 3.55 

  1,123,681 

  34,656 

Investment securities - 
nontaxable

Loans held for sale

Loans

41,679 

1,690 

484,070 

  29,711 

 20,154,321 

 1,145,876 

Total interest-earning assets

 23,259,072 

 1,284,215 

Noninterest-earning assets

Total assets

  2,145,801 

$ 25,404,873 

 4.05 

 6.14 

 5.69 

 5.52 

39,779 

1,489 

718,599 

  29,699 

 17,521,461 

  808,826 

 21,408,028 

  897,755 

  2,236,726 

$ 23,644,754 

 0.71 

 — 

 3.08 

 3.74 

 4.13 

 4.62 

 4.19 

20,000 

122 

42 

2 

822,408 

  22,524 

19,793 

728 

  1,463,614 

  42,651 

 14,703,956 

  637,861 

 19,887,034 

  707,688 

  1,960,697 

$ 21,847,731 

 0.21 

 1.64 

 2.74 

 3.68 

 2.91 

 4.34 

 3.56 

 3.02 

 0.68 

 3.13 

 5.24 

 2.69 

 — 

 4.90 

 5.19 

 0.16 

 0.06 

 0.54 

 2.88 

 0.20 

 0.30 

 1.59 

 4.83 

 4.27 

 4.38 

 0.41 

$ 3,878,034  $  69,584 

 1.79 % $ 3,675,586  $  14,367 

 0.39 % $ 3,400,441  $  3,414 

 0.10 %

  5,382,865 

  162,718 

936,454 

6,349 

  2,031,828 

  63,650 

  1,024,606 

  53,716 

  5,128,497 

  33,143 

  1,005,752 

  1,604,978 

— 

1,287 

7,308 

— 

 0.65 

 0.13 

 0.46 

 — 

  4,953,748 

884,623 

7,847 

503 

  1,953,927 

  10,575 

625 

18 

 11,414,813 

  56,105 

 0.49 

 11,193,364 

  22,357 

Total Interest-Bearing Deposits

 13,253,787 

  356,017 

— 

— 

  1,210,242 

  59,302 

325,260 

  16,870 

1,477 

4 

279,409 

9,710 

393,393 

  19,209 

Total non-deposit funding

  1,664,812 

  89,374 

Total interest-bearing liabilities

 14,918,599 

  445,391 

 5.37 

 2.99 

801,595 

  36,755 

 12,216,408 

  92,860 

129,310 

  13,202 

 10.21 

127,316 

7,832 

 0.27 

 3.48 

 4.88 

 6.15 

 4.59 

 0.76 

6,700 

48,888 

20 

775 

399,485 

  19,278 

125,324 

5,355 

580,397 

  25,428 

 11,773,761 

  47,785 

Noninterest-bearing demand 
deposits

Other liabilities

Shareholders' equity

  6,771,464 

401,449 

  3,313,361 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ 
equity

$ 25,404,873 

  8,005,201 

340,064 

  3,083,081 

$ 23,644,754 

  7,017,614 

228,687 

  2,827,669 

$ 21,847,731 

Interest rate spread

Net interest income

Net interest margin

$ 838,824 

 2.53 %

 3.61 %

$ 804,895 

 3.43 %

 3.76 %

$ 659,903 

 3.15 %

 3.32 %

35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Interest Income

Net interest income represents the amount by which interest income on interest-earning assets exceeds interest expense incurred 
on  interest-bearing  liabilities.  Net  interest  income  is  the  largest  component  of  our  income  and  is  affected  by  the  interest  rate 
environment  and  the  volume  and  composition  of  interest-earning  assets  and  interest-bearing  liabilities.  Our  interest-earning 
assets  include  loans,  investment  securities,  other  investments,  interest-bearing  deposits  in  banks,  federal  funds  sold  and  time 
deposits in other banks. Our interest-bearing liabilities include deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, other 
borrowings and subordinated deferrable interest debentures.

2023 compared with 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2023, interest income was $1.28 billion, an increase of $386.5 
million, or 43.2%, compared with the same period in 2022. Average earning assets increased $1.85 billion, or 8.6%, to $23.26 
billion for the  year ended December 31, 2023, compared with $21.41  billion for 2022.  Yield on average  earning  assets on a 
taxable  equivalent  basis  increased  during  2023  to  5.52%,  compared  with  4.19%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022. 
Average yields on all interest-earning asset categories increased from 2022 to 2023 as market interest rates increased. 

Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $445.4 million, an increase of $352.5 million, or 379.6%, compared 
with $92.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. During 2023 average interest-bearing liabilities were $14.92 billion 
as compared with $12.22 billion for 2022, an increase of $2.70 billion, or 22.1%.  During 2023, average noninterest-bearing 
deposit accounts were $6.77 billion and comprised 33.8% of average total deposits, compared with $8.01 billion, or 41.2% of 
average total deposits, during 2022. Costs of interest-bearing deposits increased during 2023 to 2.69%, compared with 0.49% 
for 2022.  This increase reflects a shift in mix of deposits based on customer behavior and increased competition in the market 
for deposits.  The cost of non-deposit funding increased to 5.37% in 2023, compared with 4.59% resulting from an increase in 
market interest rates.

On  a  taxable-equivalent  basis,  net  interest  income  for  2023  was  $838.8  million,  compared  with  $804.9  million  in  2022,  an 
increase of $33.9 million, or 4.2%. The Company’s net interest margin, on a tax equivalent basis, decreased 15 basis points to 
3.61% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared with 3.76% for the year ended December 31, 2022. 

2022 compared with 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022, interest income was $893.9 million, an increase of $190.8 
million, or 27.1%, compared with the same period in 2021. Average earning assets increased $1.52 billion, or 7.6%, to $21.41 
billion for the  year ended December 31, 2022, compared with $19.89  billion for 2021.  Yield on average  earning  assets on a 
taxable  equivalent  basis  increased  during  2022  to  4.19%,  compared  with  3.56%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021. 
Average yields on all interest-earning asset categories increased from 2021 to 2022 as market interest rates increased. 

Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $92.9 million, an increase of $45.1 million, or 94.3%, compared 
with $47.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. During 2022 average interest-bearing liabilities were $12.22 billion 
as compared with $11.77 billion for 2021, an increase of $442.6 million, or 3.8%.  During 2022, average noninterest-bearing 
deposit accounts were $8.01 billion and comprised 41.2% of average total deposits, compared with $7.02 billion, or 38.5% of 
average  total  deposits,  during  2021.  Average  balances  of  time  deposits  amounted  to  $1.60  billion  and  comprised  8.3%  of 
average total deposits during 2022, compared with $1.95 billion, or 10.7% of average total deposits, during 2021.

On  a  taxable-equivalent  basis,  net  interest  income  for  2022  was  $804.9  million,  compared  with  $659.9  million  in  2021,  an 
increase of $145.0 million, or 22.0%. The Company’s net interest margin, on a tax equivalent basis, increased 44 basis points to 
3.76% for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared with 3.32% for the year ended December 31, 2021. Accretion expense 
for 2022 was $285,000, compared with accretion income of $16.3 million for 2021.

36

The summary of changes in interest income and interest expense on a fully taxable equivalent basis resulting from changes in 
volume  and  changes  in  rates  for  each  category  of  earning  assets  and  interest-bearing  liabilities  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2023 and 2022 are shown in the following table:

(dollars in thousands)

Increase (decrease) in:

Income from earning assets:

2023 vs. 2022

2022 vs. 2021

Increase

(Decrease)

Changes Due To

Increase

Changes Due To

Rate

Volume

(Decrease)

Rate

Volume

Interest on interest-bearing deposits in banks

$ 

24,928  $ 

37,379  $ 

(12,451)  $ 

19,128  $ 

20,301  $ 

(1,173) 

Interest on federal funds sold

Interest on time deposits in other banks

Interest on investment securities - taxable

Interest on investment securities - nontaxable

Interest on loans held for sale

Interest and fees on loans

Total interest income

Expense from interest-bearing liabilities:

Interest expense on interest-bearing deposits

Interest on NOW accounts

Interest on MMDA accounts

Interest on savings accounts

Interest on retail time deposits

Interest on brokered time deposits

(77) 

— 

24,346 

201 

12 

337,050 

386,460 

55,217 

129,575 

5,062 

56,342 

53,716 

— 

— 

7,676 

130 

9,705 

215,512 

270,402 

54,426 

127,931 

5,151 

54,398 

53,716 

Total interest expense on interest-bearing deposits

299,912 

295,622 

Interest expense on non-deposit funding

Interest on federal funds purchased and securities 
sold under agreements to repurchase

Interest on FHLB advances

Interest on other borrowings

Interest on trust preferred securities

Total interest expense on non-deposit funding

Total interest expense

Net interest income

Provision for Credit Losses

(4) 

49,592 

(2,339) 

5,370 

52,619 

352,531 

— 

17,244 

988 

5,247 

23,479 

319,101 

(77) 

— 

16,670 

71 

(9,693) 

121,538 

116,058 

791 

1,644 

(89) 

1,944 

— 

4,290 

(4) 

32,348 

(3,327) 

123 

29,140 

33,430 

35 

(2) 

12,132 

761 

(12,952) 

170,965 

190,067 

10,953 

25,296 

784 

(3,267) 

(18) 

33,748 

(16) 

8,935 

(69) 

2,477 

11,327 

45,075 

54 

— 

3,881 

26 

8,758 

48,741 

81,761 

10,677 

25,019 

715 

(1,378) 

— 

35,033 

— 

5,281 

225 

2,392 

7,898 

42,931 

(19) 

(2) 

8,251 

735 

(21,710) 

122,224 

108,306 

276 

277 

69 

(1,889) 

(18) 

(1,285) 

(16) 

3,654 

(294) 

85 

3,429 

2,144 

$ 

33,929  $ 

(48,699)  $ 

82,628  $ 

144,992  $ 

38,830  $ 

106,162 

The Company's provision for credit losses on loans during 2023 amounted to $153.5 million, compared with $52.6 million for 
2022  and  a  release  of  $35.1  million  for  2021.    The  increased  provision  for  2023  was  primarily  attributable  to  the  updated 
economic forecast, particularly levels of commercial real estate prices.  Net charge-offs in 2023 were 0.25% of average loans, 
compared  with  0.08%  in  2022  and  0.04%  in  2021.    Included  in  charge-offs  for  2023  were  $5.6  million  in  charge-offs  on 
acquired loans which were fully reserved at acquisition.  Excluding those charge-offs, the net charge-off rate for 2023 would 
have been 0.22%.

At  December  31,  2023,  non-performing  assets  amounted  to  $174.3  million,  or  0.69%  of  total  assets,  compared  with  $153.5 
million, or 0.61% of total assets, at December 31, 2022.  Included in non-performing assets were serviced GNMA-guaranteed 
residential  mortgage  loans  totaling  $90.2  million  and  $69.6  million  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  respectively.    Non-
performing assets, excluding GNMA-guaranteed loans, represented 0.33% of total assets at December 31, 2023, compared with 
0.34%  of  total  assets  at  December  31,  2022.  Other  real  estate  was  approximately  $6.2  million  as  of  December  31,  2023, 
compared with $843,000 at December 31, 2022.  

The Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans at December 31, 2023 was $307.1 million, or 1.52% of loans compared 
with $205.7 million, or 1.04%, and $167.6 million, or 1.06%, at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in the 
allowance for credit losses on loans as a percentage of loans compared with December 31, 2022 was primarily attributable to a 
decline in forecast economic conditions, particularly commercial real estate price levels, in the Company's CECL model.  

The  Company's  provision  for  unfunded  commitments  during  2023  amounted  to  a  release  of  $10.9  million,  compared  with  a 
provision of $19.2 million for 2022 and $332,000 for 2021.  The allowance for unfunded commitments on off-balance sheet 
credit exposures is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date under the current expected credit loss model using the 

37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
same  methodologies  as  portfolio  loans,  taking  into  consideration  the  likelihood  that  funding  will  occur  as  well  as  any  third-
party  guarantees.    The  decrease  in  the  provision  for  unfunded  commitments  was  primarily  due  to  a  reduction  in  unfunded 
commitments during 2023 resulting from a decrease in loan production and funding or completion of existing commitments.   
The Company recorded a release of provision for other credit losses during 2023 totaling $6,000, compared with releases of 
$139,000 for 2022 and $616,000 for 2021.

Noninterest Income

Following is a comparison of noninterest income for 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(dollars in thousands)

Service charges on deposit accounts

Mortgage banking activity

Other service charges, commissions and fees

Net gain (loss) on securities

Gain on sale of SBA loans

Other noninterest income

Years Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

46,575  $ 

44,499  $ 

139,885 

184,904 

4,401 

(304) 

1,557 

50,714 

3,875 

203 

5,552 

45,391 

$ 

242,828  $ 

284,424  $ 

45,106 

285,900 

4,188 

515 

6,623 

23,212 

365,544 

2023  compared  with  2022.  Total  noninterest  income  in  2023  was  $242.8  million,  compared  with  $284.4  million  in  2022, 
reflecting a decrease of 14.6%, or $41.6 million.

Service charges on deposit accounts increased $2.1 million, or 4.7%, to $46.6 million during 2023 compared with 2022.  This 
increase was primarily attributable to an increase in corporate services charges compared with 2022. 

Income  from  mortgage  banking  activities  decreased  $45.0  million,  or  24.3%,  to  $139.9  million  during  2023  compared  with 
2022.  This decrease was a result of a decline in production and tightening of gain on sale spreads compared with 2022.  Also 
contributing  to  the  decrease  was  a  reduction  in  recovery  of  prior  mortgage  servicing  right  impairment  of  $21.8  million 
compared with 2022.  Total production in the retail mortgage division decreased to $4.3 billion for 2023, compared with $5.5 
billion  for  2022,  while  gain  on  sale  spreads  decreased  in  2023  to  2.07%  from  2.27%  in  2022.    The  decrease  in  gain  on  sale 
spread is primarily related to competitive pricing pressure from non-bank originators.  Noninterest income from the Company's 
warehouse lending division was $3.5 million for 2023 compared with $4.5 million for 2022. 

Other service charges, commission and fees increased by $526,000 to $4.4 million during 2023, an increase of 13.6% compared 
with 2022 due primarily to an increase in ATM fees. 

Gain on sale of SBA loans decreased by $4.0 million, or 72.0%, to $1.6 million during 2023 compared with 2022, while loans 
sold decreased $26.2 million, or 52.5%, to $23.7 million during 2023 compared with 2022.

Other noninterest income increased by $5.3 million, or 11.7%, to $50.7 million during 2023 compared with 2022.  This increase 
was primarily due to increases in noninterest income in our equipment finance division, BOLI income, SBA servicing income, 
merchant fee income and credit card interchange income of $4.2 million, $1.9 million, $1.1 million, $771,000 and $760,000, 
respectively.    These  increases  were  partially  offset  by  a  reduction  in  trust  income  of  $4.4  million  in  2023  after  exiting  this 
business at the end of 2022.  

2022  compared  with  2021.  Total  noninterest  income  in  2022  was  $284.4  million,  compared  with  $365.5  million  in  2021, 
reflecting a decrease of 22.2%, or $81.1 million.

Service  charges  on  deposit  accounts  decreased  $607,000,  or  1.3%,  to  $44.5  million  during  2022  compared  with  2021.    This 
decrease was primarily attributable to the elimination of certain overdraft fees on consumer accounts and a reduction in debit 
card interchange income, partially offset by an increase in corporate services charges compared with 2021. 

Income from mortgage banking activities decreased $101.0 million, or 35.3%, to $184.9 million during 2022 compared with 
2021.  This decrease was a result of a decline in production and tightening of gain on sale spreads compared with 2021.  Total 
production in the retail mortgage division decreased to $5.5 billion for 2022, compared with $8.9 billion for 2021, while gain on 
sale  spreads  decreased  in  2022  to  2.27%  from  3.31%  in  2021.    The  decrease  in  gain  on  sale  spread  is  primarily  related  to 

38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
normalization  of  pricing  in  the  industry  after  experiencing  record  production  levels  in  2020.    Noninterest  income  from  the 
Company's warehouse lending division was $4.5 million for 2022 compared with $4.6 million for 2021. 

Other service charges, commission and fees decreased by $313,000 to $3.9 million during 2022, a decrease of 7.5% compared 
with 2021 due primarily to a decrease in ATM fees. 

Gain on sale of SBA loans decreased by $1.1 million, or 16.2%, to $5.6 million during 2022 compared with 2021, while loans 
sold decreased $26.6 million, or 34.8%, to $50.0 million during 2022 compared with 2021.

Other  noninterest  income  increased  by  $22.2  million,  or  95.5%,  to  $45.4  million  during  2022  compared  with  2021.    This 
increase was primarily due to increases in noninterest income in our equipment finance division, BOLI income, merchant fee 
income and gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights of $18.1 million, $1.9 million, $2.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively.  
These increases were partially offset by reduction in recovery of prior SBA servicing right impairment of $906,000 compared 
with 2021.    

Noninterest Expense

Following is a comparison of noninterest expense for 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(dollars in thousands)

Salaries and employee benefits

Occupancy and equipment

Advertising and marketing

Amortization of intangible assets

Data processing and communications expenses

Legal and other professional fees

Credit resolution-related expenses

Merger and conversion charges

FDIC insurance

Loan servicing expenses

Other noninterest expenses

Years Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

320,110  $ 

319,719  $ 

337,776 

51,450 

11,856 

18,244 

53,486 

17,726 

80 

— 

26,940 

35,283 

43,106 

51,361 

12,481 

19,744 

49,228 

16,439 

29 

1,212 

8,063 

36,835 

45,544 

48,066 

8,434 

14,965 

45,976 

11,920 

3,538 

4,206 

5,614 

26,481 

53,148 

$ 

578,281  $ 

560,655  $ 

560,124 

2023 compared with 2022. Total noninterest expense increased to $578.3 million in 2023, compared with $560.7 million in 
2022.  Total noninterest expense for 2023 includes approximately $11.6 million in FDIC special assessment and $1.9 million in 
gains  on  sale  of  bank  premises.  Total  noninterest  expense  for  2022  includes  approximately  $1.2  million  in  merger-related 
charges,  $151,000  in  natural  disaster  expense  and  $45,000  in  gains  on  sale  of  bank  premises.    Excluding  these  amounts, 
expenses in 2023 increased by $9.3 million, or 1.7%, compared with 2022 levels.

Salaries and benefits  increased slightly  from  $319.7 million in 2022 to $320.1  million  in  2023.   This increase was primarily 
attributable to a decrease in deferred costs resulting from decreased loan production, nearly offset by a decrease in variable pay 
resulting  from  decreased  production  levels  in  our  retail  mortgage  division.    Salaries  and  benefits  in  our  mortgage  division 
decreased  $27.5  million,  or  25.5%,  to  $80.3  million  in  2023.    Full  time  equivalent  employees  decreased  from  2,847  at 
December 31, 2022 to 2,765 at December 31, 2023.    

Amortization of intangible assets decreased $1.5 million, or 7.6%, to $18.2 million for 2023 compared with $19.7 million for 
2022.  This reduction was attributable to a reduction in core deposit intangible amortization.  

Data processing and communication expenses increased $4.3 million, or 8.6%, to $53.5 million in 2023, compared with $49.2 
million  for  2022.    This  increase  is  primarily  related  to  technology  enhancements  implemented  utilizing  cost  saves  identified 
from other areas of the Company.  

FDIC insurance increased $18.9 million, or 234.1%, to $26.9 million in 2023, compared with $8.1 million in 2022.  Included in 
FDIC insurance for 2023 was $11.6 million related to the FDIC special assessment pursuant to the systemic risk determination 
following the closures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank in March 2023.  Also contributing to the increase in 2023 
was an increase in the base assessment rates which took effect during 2023.   

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Merger  and  conversion  charges  were  $1.2  million  in  2022,  compared  with  no  such  charges  recorded  for  2023.    Merger  and 
conversion charges for 2022 were primarily related to the acquisition of Balboa. 

Other  noninterest  expense  decreased  $2.4  million,  or  5.4%,  to  $43.1  million  in  2023  from  $45.5  million  in  2022,  resulting 
primarily from an increase in deferred costs related to our equipment finance division production and net gains on sale of bank 
premises.  These items were partially offset by increases in fraud and forgery losses, armored car expense, ATM expense, tax 
and  license  expense  and  payment  processing  expenses  related  to  our  equipment  finance  division.    Also  contributing  to  the 
decrease was a decrease in variable expenses related to our mortgage production.  

2022  compared  with  2021.  Total  noninterest  expense  increased  slightly  to  $560.7  million  in  2022,  compared  with  $560.1 
million in 2021.  Total noninterest expense for 2022 includes approximately $1.2 million in merger-related charges, $151,000 
in  natural  disaster  expense  and  $45,000  in  gains  on  sale  of  bank  premises.  Total  noninterest  expense  for  2021  includes 
approximately  $4.2  million  in  merger-related  charges  and  $510,000  in  losses  on  sale  of  bank  premises.    Excluding  these 
amounts, expenses in 2022 increased by $3.9 million, or 0.7%, compared with 2021 levels.

Salaries and benefits decreased $18.1 million, or 5.3%, from $337.8 million in 2021 to $319.7 million in 2022.  This decrease 
was  primarily  attributable  to  a  decrease  in  variable  pay  resulting  from  decreased  production  levels  in  our  retail  mortgage 
division.  Salaries and benefits in our mortgage division decreased $60.0 million, or 35.7%, to $107.8 million in 2022.  This 
decrease was partially offset by additional salaries and benefits in our equipment finance division resulting from the acquisition 
of  Balboa  in  December  2021.    Full  time  equivalent  employees  decreased  from  2,865  at  December  31,  2021  to  2,847  at 
December 31, 2022.    

Occupancy  costs  increased  $3.3  million,  or  6.9%,  from  $48.1  million  in  2021  to  $51.4  million  in  2022  due  primarily  to 
additional amortization resulting from technology projects placed in service in late 2021 and throughout 2022.  

Amortization of intangible assets increased $4.8 million, or 31.9%, to $19.7 million for 2022 compared with $15.0 million for 
2021.  This increase was attributable to our acquisition of Balboa.  

Legal  and  other  professional  fees  increased  $4.5  million,  or  37.9%,  from  $11.9  million  in  2021  to  $16.4  million  in  2022, 
primarily due to additional collection related expenses in our equipment finance division.  

Merger and conversion charges were $1.2 million in 2022, a decrease of $3.0 million, or 71.2%, compared with $4.2 million 
recorded for 2021.  Merger and conversion charges for both periods were primarily related to the acquisition of Balboa. 

Other  noninterest  expense  decreased  $7.6  million,  or  14.3%,  to  $45.5  million  in  2022  from  $53.1  million  in  2021,  resulting 
primarily from a decrease in fraud and forgery losses and an increase in net gain on sale of bank premises.  Also contributing to 
the decrease was a decrease in variable expenses related to our mortgage production

Income Taxes

Income  tax  expense  is  influenced  by  statutory  federal  and  state  tax  rates,  the  amount  of  taxable  income,  the  amount  of  tax-
exempt  income  and  the  amount  of  non-deductible  expenses.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  recorded 
income  tax  expense  of  approximately  $87.8  million,  compared  with  $106.6  million  recorded  in  2022  and  $119.2  million 
recorded  in  2021.  The  Company’s  effective  tax  rate  was  24.6%,  23.5%  and  24.0%  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023, 
2022 and 2021, respectively.

BALANCE SHEET COMPARISON

LOANS

Management  believes  that  our  loan  portfolio  is  adequately  diversified.  The  loan  portfolio  contains  no  foreign  loans  or 
significant  concentrations  in  any  one  industry.  As  of  December  31,  2023,  approximately  74.2%  of  our  loan  portfolio  was 
secured by real estate, compared with 71.1% at December 31, 2022. 

40

The amount of loans outstanding at the indicated dates is shown in the following table according to type of loans.

(dollars in thousands)

Commercial, financial and agricultural

Consumer

Indirect automobile

Mortgage warehouse

Municipal

Premium finance

Real estate - construction and development

Real estate - commercial and farmland

Real estate - residential

Loans, net of unearned income

December 31,

2023

2022

$  2,688,929  $  2,679,403 

241,552 

34,257 

818,728 

492,668 

946,562 

384,037 

108,648 

1,038,924 

509,151 

1,023,479 

2,129,187 

2,086,438 

8,059,754 

7,604,867 

4,857,666 

4,420,306 

$  20,269,303  $  19,855,253 

The  Company  seeks  to  diversify  its  loan  portfolio  across  its  geographic  footprint  and  in  various  loan  types.  Also,  the 
Company’s in-house lending limit for a single loan is $40.0 million for construction loans and $50.0 million for term loans with 
stabilized cash flows, which would normally prevent a concentration with a single loan project. Certain lending relationships 
may  contain  more  than  one  loan  and,  consequently,  exceed  the  in-house  lending  limit.  The  Company  regularly  monitors  its 
largest loan relationships to avoid a concentration with a single borrower. The largest 25 loan relationships as of December 31, 
2023 based on committed amount are summarized below by type.

Committed
Amount

Average
Rate

Average
Maturity
(months)

(dollars in thousands)

Commercial, financial and agricultural

$ 

Mortgage warehouse

Real estate - construction and development

Real estate - commercial and farmland

247,432 

625,000 

764,497 

851,021 

Total

$ 

2,487,950 

 8.77 %  

 7.92 %  

 7.04 %  

 5.92 %  

 7.05 %  

20 

24 

42 

44 

36 

%
Unsecured

 60.83 %

 — 

 — 

 — 

 6.05 %

% in
Nonaccrual
 Status

 — %

 — %

 — %

 — %

 — %

Total loans as of December 31, 2023, are shown in the following table according to their contractual maturity.

(dollars in thousands)

Contractual Maturity in:

One Year
or Less

Over
One Year
through
Five Years

Over
Five Years 
through 
Fifteen Years

Over
Fifteen Years

Total

Commercial, financial and agricultural

$ 

353,196  $ 

1,750,666  $ 

567,834  $ 

17,233  $ 

2,688,929 

Consumer

Indirect automobile

Mortgage warehouse

Municipal

Premium finance

Real estate - construction and development

Real estate - commercial and farmland

Real estate - residential

39,099 

10,015 

365,225 

12,932 

943,750 

653,919 

785,137 

44,424 

105,258 

24,227 

453,503 

31,213 

2,812 

1,357,141 

4,500,599 

235,726 

96,239 

15 

— 

956 

— 

— 

392,831 

55,692 

— 

117,245 

2,576,221 

— 

882 

197,797 

411,083 

4,166,433 

241,552 

34,257 

818,728 

492,668 

946,562 

2,129,187 

8,059,754 

4,857,666 

$ 

3,207,697  $ 

8,461,145  $ 

4,161,468  $ 

4,438,993  $  20,269,303 

41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total  loans  which  have  maturity  dates  after  one  year  are  summarized  below  by  those  loans  that  have  predetermined  interest 
rates and those loans that have floating or adjustable interest rates.

(dollars in thousands)

Predetermined interest rates

Commercial, financial and agricultural

Consumer

Indirect automobile

Municipal

Premium finance

Real estate - construction and development

Real estate - commercial and farmland

Real estate - residential

Floating or adjustable interest rates

Commercial, financial and agricultural

Consumer

Mortgage warehouse

Municipal

Real estate - construction and development

Real estate - commercial and farmland

Real estate - residential

December 31, 
2023

$ 

1,822,812 

117,063 

24,242 

479,442 

2,812 

370,484 

5,495,160 

2,925,485 

$ 

11,237,500 

$ 

512,921 

85,390 

453,503 

294 

1,104,784 

1,779,457 

1,887,757 

$ 

5,824,106 

Commercial  and  farmland  real  estate  (“CRE”)  represents  the  Company's  largest  loan  category.    The  Company  regularly 
monitors  its  CRE  portfolio  against  regulatory  concentration  limits.    Additionally,  the  Company  manages  its  risk  in  the  CRE 
portfolio  through,  among  other  things,  established  policy  limits  on  loan-to-value  or  loan-to-cost  at  or  below  applicable 
regulatory guidance, use of internal lending limits on single loans to minimize exposure to a given project, annual reviews of 
borrowers  and  guarantors  above  certain  total  credit  exposure  thresholds,  minimum  required  debt  service  coverage  ratios  and 
borrower  equity  levels.    Exceptions  to  policy  must  be  approved  by  an  individual  or  committee  with  appropriate  approval 
authority.

A summary of the Company's CRE portfolio by loan type and credit quality indicator as of December 31, 2023 is below:

(dollars in thousands)

Farmland

Multifamily residential

Owner occupied CRE

Non-owner occupied CRE

6 
(Other Assets 
Especially 
Mentioned)

7 
(Substandard)

Pass

$ 

158,456  $ 

—  $ 

635  $ 

877,970 

1,858,658 

4,973,466 

50,000 

29,668 

67,362 

— 

27,114 

16,425 

Total

159,091 

927,970 

1,915,440 

5,057,253 

Total real estate - commercial and farmland

$ 

7,868,550  $ 

147,030  $ 

44,174  $ 

8,059,754 

42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Company's  non-owner  occupied  portfolio  is  well  diversified.    Below  is  a  summary  of  the  non-owner  occupied  CRE 
portfolio by property type as of December 31, 2023:

(dollars in thousands)

Office

Retail

Strip center, anchored

Warehouse / industrial

Hotel

Strip center, non-anchored

Mini storage warehouse

Medical office building

Assisted living facilities

Miscellaneous

December 31, 
2023

$ 

1,085,848 

955,003 

733,951 

679,877 

460,060 

410,799 

337,661 

150,717 

133,149 

110,188 

Total non-owner occupied CRE

$ 

5,057,253 

ALLOWANCE AND PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  breakdown  of  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  on  loans  by  loan  category  for  the  periods 
indicated. Management believes the allowance can be allocated only on an approximate basis. The allocation of the allowance 
to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in 
any other category.

(dollars in thousands)

Commercial, financial and agricultural

Consumer

Indirect automobile

Mortgage warehouse

Municipal

Premium finance

Real estate – construction and development

Real estate – commercial and farmland

Real estate - residential

Total

2023

December 31,

2022

2021

% of 
Loans to 
Total 
Loans

Amount

% of 
Loans to 
Total 
Loans

Amount

% of 
Loans to 
Total 
Loans

 13 % $  39,455 

 13 % $  26,829 

 12 %

 1 

 — 

 4 

 2 

 5 

 11 

 40 

 24 

5,413 

174 

2,118 

357 

1,025 

  32,659 

  67,433 

  57,043 

 2 

 1 

 5 

 3 

 5 

 11 

 38 

 22 

6,097 

476 

3,231 

401 

2,729 

  22,045 

  77,831 

  27,943 

 1 

 2 

 5 

 4 

 5 

 9 

 43 

 19 

Amount

$  64,053 

3,902 

50 

1,678 

345 

602 

  61,017 

  110,097 

  65,356 

$ 307,100 

 100 % $ 205,677 

 100 % $ 167,582 

 100 %

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table provides an analysis of the net charge-offs (recoveries) by loan category for the years ended December 31, 
2023, 2022 and 2021.

2023

2022

2021

Net charge-
offs 
(recoveries)

Average 
Balance

Rate

Net charge-
offs 
(recoveries)

Average 
balance

Rate

Net charge-
offs 
(recoveries)

Average 
balance

Rate

$ 

43,646  $  2,687,805 

 1.62 % $ 

8,681  $  2,116,723 

 0.41 % $ 

2,033  $  1,526,100 

 0.13 %

4,474 

(621) 

— 

— 

766 

308,457 

 1.45 

67,326 

 (0.92) 

963,035 

502,849 

982,442 

 — 

 — 

 0.08 

4,044 

(780) 

— 

— 

387 

214,162 

 1.89 

178,305 

 (0.44) 

891,285 

531,324 

922,551 

 — 

 — 

 0.04 

5,309 

(491) 

— 

— 

235,056 

 2.26 

404,461 

 (0.12) 

827,159 

623,839 

 — 

 — 

(1,202) 

752,094 

 (0.16) 

(949) 

2,162,424 

 (0.04) 

(865) 

1,761,853 

 (0.05) 

(273) 

1,493,855 

 (0.02) 

3,693 

7,811,671 

 0.05 

3,349 

7,155,542 

 0.05 

1,279 

5,958,257 

 0.02 

(628) 

4,668,312 

 (0.01) 

(301) 

3,749,716 

 (0.01) 

(464) 

2,883,135 

 (0.02) 

$ 

50,381  $  20,154,321 

 0.25 % $ 

14,515  $  17,521,461 

 0.08 % $ 

6,191  $  14,703,956 

 0.04 %

Commercial, financial 
and agricultural

Consumer

Indirect automobile

Mortgage warehouse

Municipal

Premium finance

Real estate - 
construction and 
development

Real estate - 
commercial and 
farmland

Real estate - 
residential

The following table provides an analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans held for investment.

(dollars in thousands)

Allowance for credit losses on loans at end of period

Loan balances:

End of period

Allowance for credit losses on loans as a percentage of end of period loans

Nonaccrual loans as a percentage of end of period loans

Allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans at end of period

December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$  307,100 

$ 

205,677 

$  167,582 

 20,269,303 

  19,855,253 

 15,874,258 

 1.52 %

 0.75 %

 1.04 %

 0.68 %

 1.06 %

 0.54 %

 203.22 %

 152.57 %

 196.54 %

At  December  31,  2023,  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  on  loans  totaled  $307.1  million,  or  1.52%  of  loans,  compared  with 
$205.7  million,  or  1.04%  of  loans,  at  December  31,  2022.  The  increase  in  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  on  loans  as  a 
percentage of loans compared with December 31, 2022 was primarily attributable to declines in forecast economic conditions, 
particularly  levels  of  commercial  real  estate  prices,  compared  with  2022.    For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  our  net 
charge off ratio as a percentage of average loans increased to 0.25%, compared with 0.08% for the year ended December 31, 
2022.  This increase was primarily a result of increased charge-offs in our equipment finance division, which we expanded at 
the end of 2021, resulting in increased net charge-offs in our commercial, financial and agricultural loan segment. Included in 
net charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $5.6 million in charge-offs on loans which were fully reserved upon 
acquisition.  Excluding those charge-offs, net charge-offs for 2023 would have been 0.22%.  

The  provision  for  credit  losses  on  loans  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  was  $153.5  million,  compared  with  $52.6 
million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase primarily resulted from the updated economic forecast and organic 
loan growth during 2023.  While the forecast level of certain economic variables used in our CECL model improved year over 
year,  the  forecast  commercial  real  estate  price  index  declined  compared  with  the  forecast  used  at  December  31,  2022.  As  of 
December 31, 2023 our ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets had increased to 0.69% from 0.61% at December 31, 2022.  
Included  in  non-performing  assets  were  serviced  GNMA-guaranteed  residential  mortgage  loans  totaling  $90.2  million  and 
$69.6  million  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  respectively.    Non-performing  assets,  excluding  GNMA-guaranteed  loans, 
represented 0.33% of total assets at December 31, 2023, compared with 0.34% of total assets at December 31, 2022. 

NONPERFORMING LOANS

A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s judgment, the collection of the interest income appears doubtful. 
Interest  receivable  that  has  been  accrued  and  is  subsequently  determined  to  have  doubtful  collectability  is  reversed  against 
interest income. Interest on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is recognized when received. Past due loans are placed on 
nonaccrual status when principal or interest is past due 90 days or more unless the loan is well secured and in the process of 

44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
collection. In some cases, where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulties, loans may be restructured to provide terms 
significantly different from the original contractual terms. The following table presents an analysis of loans accounted for on a 
nonaccrual basis and loans contractually past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal payments and still accruing.

(dollars in thousands)

Nonaccrual loans

December 31,

2023

2022

Commercial, financial and agricultural

$ 

8,059  $ 

11,094 

Consumer

Indirect automobile

Real estate - construction and development

Real estate - commercial and farmland
Real estate - residential(1)

Total 

Loans contractually past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal payments and still accruing

1,153 

299 

282 

11,295 

130,029 

420 

346 

523 

13,203 

109,222 

$ 

$ 

151,117  $ 

134,808 

16,988  $ 

17,865 

(1)  Included  in  real  estate  -  residential  were  $90.2  million  and  $69.6  million  of  serviced  GNMA-guaranteed  nonaccrual  loans  at 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

LIQUIDITY AND INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY

Liquidity  management  involves  the  matching  of  the  cash  flow  requirements  of  customers,  who  may  be  either  depositors 
desiring to withdraw funds or borrowers needing assurance that sufficient funds will be available to meet their credit needs, and 
the  ability  of  our  Company  to  meet  those  needs.  We  seek  to  meet  liquidity  requirements  primarily  through  management  of 
short-term  investments  (principally  interest-bearing  deposits  in  banks)  and  monthly  amortizing  loans.  Another  source  of 
liquidity  is  the  repayment  of  maturing  single  payment  loans.  In  addition,  our  Company  maintains  relationships  with 
correspondent banks, including the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, which could provide funds on short notice, 
if needed.

A  principal  objective  of  our  asset/liability  management  strategy  is  to  minimize  our  exposure  to  changes  in  interest  rates  by 
matching the maturity and repricing horizons of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. This strategy is overseen 
in part through the direction of our ALCO Committee which establishes policies and monitors results to control interest rate 
sensitivity.

As part of our interest rate risk management policy, the ALCO Committee examines the extent to which its assets and liabilities 
are “interest rate sensitive” and monitors its interest rate-sensitivity “gap.” An asset or liability is considered to be interest rate 
sensitive if it will reprice or mature within the time period analyzed, usually one year or less. The interest rate-sensitivity gap is 
the difference between the interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities scheduled to mature or reprice within such time 
period.  A  gap  is  considered  positive  when  the  amount  of  interest  rate-sensitive  assets  exceeds  the  amount  of  interest  rate-
sensitive liabilities. A gap is considered negative when the amount of interest rate-sensitive liabilities exceeds the interest rate-
sensitive assets. During a period of rising interest rates, a negative gap would tend to adversely affect net interest income, while 
a positive gap would tend to result in an increase in net interest income. During a period of falling interest rates, a negative gap 
would  tend  to  result  in  an  increase  in  net  interest  income,  while  a  positive  gap  would  tend  to  adversely  affect  net  interest 
income.  If  our  assets  and  liabilities  were  equally  flexible  and  moved  concurrently,  the  impact  of  any  increase  or  decrease  in 
interest rates on net interest income would be minimal.

A simple interest rate “gap” analysis by itself may not be an accurate indicator of how net interest income will be affected by 
changes  in  interest  rates.  Accordingly,  the  ALCO  Committee  also  evaluates  how  the  repayment  of  particular  assets  and 
liabilities  is  impacted  by  changes  in  interest  rates.  Income  associated  with  interest-earning  assets  and  costs  associated  with 
interest-bearing liabilities may not be affected uniformly by changes in interest rates. In addition, the magnitude and duration of 
changes  in  interest  rates  may  have  a  significant  impact  on  net  interest  income.  For  example,  although  certain  assets  and 
liabilities  may  have  similar  maturities  or  periods  of  repricing,  they  may  not  react  identically  to  changes  in  market  interest 
rates.  Interest  rates  on  certain  types  of  assets  and  liabilities  fluctuate  in  advance  of  changes  in  general  market  interest  rates, 
while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in general market rates. In addition, certain assets, such as adjustable 
rate mortgage loans, have features (generally referred to as “interest rate caps”) which limit changes in interest rates on a short-
term basis and over the life of the asset. In the event of a change in interest rates, prepayment and early withdrawal levels also 
could  deviate  significantly  from  those  assumed  in  calculating  the  interest  rate  gap.  The  ability  of  many  borrowers  to  service 
their debts also may decrease in the event of an interest rate increase.

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We manage the mix of asset and liability maturities in an effort to control the effects of changes in the general level of interest 
rates on net interest income. Except for its effect on the general level of interest rates, inflation does not have a material impact 
on  the  balance  sheet  due  to  the  rate  variability  and  short-term  maturities  of  its  earning  assets.  In  particular,  approximately 
38.4% of earning assets mature or reprice within one year or less. Mortgage loans, generally our loan category with the longest 
maturity, are usually made with fifteen to thirty year maturities, but a portion is at a variable interest rate with an adjustment 
between origination date and maturity date.

The following table sets forth the distribution of the repricing of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities as of 
December 31, 2023, the interest rate sensitivity gap (i.e., interest rate sensitive assets minus interest rate sensitive liabilities), the 
cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap, the interest rate sensitivity gap ratio (i.e., interest rate sensitive assets divided by interest 
rate sensitive liabilities) and the cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap ratio. The table also sets forth the time periods in which 
earning assets and liabilities will mature or may reprice in accordance with their contractual terms. However, the table does not 
necessarily  indicate  the  impact  of  general  interest  rate  movements  on  the  net  interest  margin  since  the  repricing  of  various 
categories of assets and liabilities is subject to competitive pressures and the needs of our customers. In addition, various assets 
and  liabilities  indicated  as  repricing  within  the  same  period  may  in  fact  reprice  at  different  times  within  such  period  and  at 
different rates.

(dollars in thousands)

Interest-earning assets:

December 31, 2023

Maturing or Repricing Within

Zero to
Three
Months

Three
Months to
One Year

One to
Five
Years

Over
Five
Years

Total

Interest-bearing deposits in banks

$ 

936,834  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

936,834 

Investment securities

Loans held for sale

Loans

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Interest-bearing demand deposits

Money market deposit accounts

Savings

Time deposits

FHLB advances

Other borrowings

Trust preferred securities

67,176 

281,332 

5,888,256 

7,173,598 

306,138 

767,175 

403,967 

1,544,456 

— 

1,374,282 

1,680,420 

— 

6,015,183 

6,782,358 

— 

281,332 

6,991,582 

20,269,303 

7,395,549 

23,031,925 

3,972,479 

5,968,135 

808,350 

— 

— 

— 

1,482,379 

1,850,687 

150,000 

— 

— 

116,704 

130,315 

— 

— 

— 

— 

134,088 

30,000 

194,422 

— 

— 

— 

3,972,479 

5,968,135 

808,350 

752 

3,467,906 

18,460 

— 

— 

198,460 

311,126 

130,315 

12,511,658 

1,967,391 

358,510 

19,212 

14,856,771 

Interest rate sensitivity gap

$ 

(5,338,060)  $ 

(286,971)  $ 

6,423,848  $ 

7,376,337  $ 

8,175,154 

Cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap

$ 

(5,338,060)  $ 

(5,625,031)  $ 

798,817  $ 

8,175,154 

Interest rate sensitivity gap ratio

Cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap ratio

 0.57 

 0.57 

 0.85 

 18.92 

 384.94 

 0.61 

 1.05 

 1.55 

46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO

Following is a summary of the carrying value of debt securities available-for-sale as of the end of each reported period:

(dollars in thousands)

U.S. Treasuries

U.S. government-sponsored agencies

State, county and municipal securities

Corporate debt securities

SBA pool securities

Mortgage-backed securities

Total debt securities available-for-sale

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

720,877  $ 

759,534 

985 

28,051 

10,027 

51,516 

979 

34,195 

15,926 

27,398 

591,488 

662,028 

$ 

1,402,944  $ 

1,500,060 

Following is a summary of the carrying value of debt securities held-to-maturity as of the end of each reported period:

(dollars in thousands)

State, county and municipal securities

Mortgage-backed securities

Total debt securities held-to-maturity

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

$ 

31,905  $ 

109,607 

141,512  $ 

31,905 

102,959 

134,864 

47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The amounts of securities available-for-sale and held-to in each category as of December 31, 2023 are shown in the following 
table according to contractual maturity classifications: (i) one year or less, (ii) after one year through five years, (iii) after five 
years through ten years and (iv) after ten years.

Securities available-for-sale (1)

U.S. Treasuries

U.S. Government-
sponsored Agencies

State, County and
Municipal Securities

(dollars in thousands)

One year or less

After one year through five years

After five years through ten years

After ten years

Securities available-for-sale (1)

One year or less

After one year through five years

After five years through ten years

After ten years

Amount

Yield 
(2)

Amount

Yield 
(2)

Amount

$  326,862 

 3.80 % $ 

394,015 

 2.57 %  

— 

— 

 — %  

 — %  

$  720,877 

 3.12 % $ 

— 

985 

— 

— 

985 

 — % $ 

2,270 

 2.16 %  

17,808 

 — %  

 — %  

2,021 

5,952 

 2.16 % $ 

28,051 

Yield
(2)(3)

 3.77 %

 3.99 %

 4.94 %

 3.63 %

 3.96 %

Corporate Debt
Securities

Amount

Yield
(2)

SBA Pool Securities

Amount

Yield
(2)

Mortgage-backed 
Securities

Amount

$ 

— 

 — % $ 

8,646 

 6.87 %  

— 

 — %  

— 

4,956 

6,743 

 — % $ 

59 

 2.09 %  

285,038 

 2.71 %  

94,556 

1,381 

 8.61 %  

39,817 

 5.34 %  

211,835 

$ 

10,027 

 7.17 % $ 

51,516 

 4.66 % $  591,488 

Yield
(2)

 3.20 %

 3.20 %

 2.89 %

 3.30 %

 3.19 %

Securities held-to-maturity (1)

State, County and
Municipal Securities

Mortgage-backed 
Securities

One year or less

After one year through five years

After five years through ten years

After ten years

Amount

$ 

— 

— 

— 

Yield
(2)(3)

Amount

 — % $ 

— 

 — %  

 — %  

11,723 

65,914 

31,970 

31,905 

 3.93 %  

$ 

31,905 

 3.93 % $  109,607 

Yield
(2)

 — %

 1.34 %

 2.55 %

 2.66 %

 2.45 %

(1) The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities are presented based on contractual maturities. Actual cash flows may 
differ  from  contractual  maturities  because  borrowers  may  have  the  right  to  prepay  obligations  without  prepayment 
penalties.

(2) Yields  were  computed  using  coupon  interest,  adding  discount  accretion  or  subtracting  premium  amortization,  as 
appropriate,  on  a  ratable  basis  over  the  life  of  each  security.  The  weighted  average  yield  for  each  maturity  range  was 
computed using the amortized cost of each security in that range.

(3) Yields on securities of state and political subdivisions are stated on a taxable-equivalent basis, using a tax rate of 21%.

The investment portfolio includes securities which are classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value with unrealized 
gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of the related deferred 
tax effect.  Securities classified as held-to-maturity are recorded at amortized cost.

The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recognized in interest income using methods approximating the 
interest  method  over  the  life  of  the  securities.  Realized  gains  and  losses,  determined  on  the  basis  of  the  cost  of  specific 
securities sold, are included in earnings on the trade date. 

Management  and  the  ALCO  Committee  evaluates  available-for-sale  securities  in  an  unrealized  loss  position  on  at  least  a 
quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation, to determine if credit-related 
impairment exists. Management first evaluates whether they intend to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell an 
impaired  security  before  recovering  its  amortized  cost  basis.  If  either  criteria  is  met,  the  entire  amount  of  unrealized  loss  is 
recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security's amortized cost basis. If either of the above criteria is 
not  met,  management  evaluates  whether  the  decline  in  fair  value  is  attributable  to  credit  or  resulted  from  other  factors.  The 
Company does not intend to sell these investment securities at an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023, and it is more 

48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery or maturity. Based on the results 
of  management's  review,  at  December  31,  2023,  management  determined  $69,000  was  attributable  to  credit  impairment  and 
decreased  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  accordingly.  The  remaining  $44.7  million  in  unrealized  loss  was  determined  to  be 
from  factors  other  than  credit.    The  Company's  held-to-maturity  securities  have  no  expected  credit  losses  and  no  related 
allowance for credit losses has been established.  

DEPOSITS

We  rely  on  deposits  by  our  customers  as  the  primary  source  of  funds  for  the  continued  growth  of  our  loan  and  investment 
securities  portfolios.    Customer  deposits  are  categorized  as  either  noninterest-bearing  deposits  or  interest-bearing  deposits.  
Noninterest-bearing deposits (or demand deposits) are transaction accounts that provide us with “interest-free” sources of funds.  
Interest-bearing deposits include NOW, money market, savings and time deposits. 

During 2023, total deposits increased $1.25 billion, or 6.4%, to $20.71 billion at December 31, 2023, compared with $19.46 
billion at December 31, 2022.  This growth was primarily attributable to $1.14 billion in brokered time deposits, partially offset 
by a decrease in non-time brokered deposits of $280.5 million.  Non-interest bearing deposits decreased $1.44 billion, or 18.1%, 
to  $6.49  billion  at  December  31,  2023  driven  by  a  shift  in  customer  behavior  from  rising  interest  rates  which  increased 
competition  and  alternatives  for  deposits.    Interest-bearing  deposits  increased  $2.68  billion,  or  23.3%,  to  $14.22  billion  at 
December 31, 2023.

Average amount of various deposit classes and the average rates paid thereon are presented below.

(dollars in thousands)

Noninterest-bearing demand

NOW

Money market

Savings

Retail time deposits

Brokered time deposits

Total deposits

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

Amount

Rate

Amount

Rate

$ 

6,771,464 

 — % $ 

8,005,201 

 — %

3,878,034 

5,382,865 

936,454 

2,031,828 

1,024,606 

 1.79 

 3.02 

 0.68 

 3.13 

 5.24 

3,675,586 

5,128,497 

1,005,752 

1,604,978 

— 

 0.39 

 0.65 

 0.13 

 0.46 

 — 

$ 

20,025,251 

 1.78 % $ 

19,420,014 

 0.29 %

At December 31, 2023, the Company had brokered deposits of $1.14 billion.  The amounts of time certificates of deposit issued 
in amounts of more than $250,000 as of December 31, 2023, are shown below by category, which is based on time remaining 
until maturity of (i) three months or less, (ii) over three through six months, (iii) over six months through one year and (iv) over 
one year. 

(dollars in thousands)

Three months or less

Over three months through six months

Over six months through one year

Over one year

Total

December 31, 
2023

$ 

$ 

268,104 

177,888 

297,029 

30,982 

774,003 

As  of  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  the  Company  had  estimated  uninsured  deposits  of  $9.13  billion  and  $9.30  billion, 
respectively.    These  estimates  were  derived  using  the  same  methodologies  and  assumptions  used  for  the  Bank's  regulatory 
reporting.    Approximately  $2.64  billion,  or  29.0%,  of  the  uninsured  deposits  at  December  31,  2023  were  for  municipalities 
which are collateralized with investment securities or letters of credit.

OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

In the ordinary course of business, our Bank has granted commitments to extend credit to approved customers. Generally, these 
commitments  to  extend  credit  have  been  granted  on  a  temporary  basis  for  seasonal  or  inventory  requirements  or  for 
construction  period  financing  and  have  been  approved  within  the  Bank’s  credit  guidelines.  Our  Bank  has  also  granted 
commitments  to  approved  customers  for  financial  standby  letters  of  credit.  These  commitments  are  recorded  in  the  financial 

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
statements when funds are disbursed or the financial instruments become payable. The Bank uses the same credit policies for 
these  off-balance-sheet  commitments  as  it  does  for  financial  instruments  that  are  recorded  in  the  consolidated  financial 
statements.  Commitments  generally  have  fixed  expiration  dates  or  other  termination  clauses  and  may  require  payment  of  a 
fee.  Since  many  of  the  commitment  amounts  expire  without  being  drawn  upon,  the  total  commitment  amounts  do  not 
necessarily represent future cash requirements.

The following table summarizes commitments outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(dollars in thousands)

Commitments to extend credit

Unused lines of credit

Financial standby letters of credit

Mortgage interest rate lock commitments

Mortgage forward contracts with positive fair value - notional amount

Mortgage forward contracts with negative fair value - notional amount

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

4,412,818  $ 

6,318,039 

386,574 

37,546 

171,750 

— 

663,015 

345,001 

33,557 

148,148 

689,500 

— 

$ 

5,671,703  $ 

7,534,245 

The following table summarizes short-term borrowings for the periods indicated.

(dollars in thousands)

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under 
agreement to repurchase

(dollars in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

Average
Balance

Average
Rate

Average
Balance

Average
Rate

Average
Balance

Average
Rate

$ 

— 

 — % $ 

1,477 

 0.27 % $ 

6,700 

 0.30 %

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

Total
Balance

Total
Balance

Total
Balance

Total maximum short-term borrowings outstanding at any 
month-end during the year

$ 

— 

$ 

6,924 

$ 

9,320 

As  of  December  31,  2023,  letters  of  credit  issued  by  the  Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  totaling  $950.0  million  were  used  to 
guarantee the Bank’s performance related to a portion of its public fund deposit balances.

The following table sets forth certain information about contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 2023.

(dollars in thousands)

Payments Due After December 31, 2023

Total

1 Year
or Less

1-3
Years

4-5
Years

>5
Years

Deposits without a stated maturity

$  17,240,603  $  17,240,603  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

Time certificates of deposit

Other borrowings

Subordinated deferrable interest debentures

Operating lease obligations

3,467,906 

3,333,066 

511,324 

154,390 

63,060 

160,000 

— 

107,084 

25,000 

— 

27,004 

15,000 

— 

11,245 

17,717 

13,565 

— 

752 

311,324 

154,390 

20,533 

Total contractual cash obligations

$  21,437,283  $  20,744,914  $ 

149,801  $ 

55,569  $ 

486,999 

At December 31, 2023, estimated costs to complete construction projects in progress and other binding commitments for capital 
expenditures were not a material amount.

50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CAPITAL ADEQUACY

Capital Regulations

The  capital  resources  of  the  Company  are  monitored  on  a  periodic  basis  by  state  and  federal  regulatory  authorities.  During 
2023,  the  Company’s  capital  increased  $229.3  million,  primarily  due  to  net  income  of  $269.1  million,  which  was  partially 
offset by the cash dividends declared on common shares of $41.7 million and share repurchases of $20.3 million. During 2022, 
the Company’s capital increased $230.9 million, primarily due to net income of $346.5 million, which was partially offset by 
the cash dividends declared on common shares of $41.7 million and the impact to other comprehensive income of $62.1 million 
resulting  from  rising  rates  on  our  investment  portfolio.    For  both  2023  and  2022,  other  capital  related  transactions,  such  as 
share-based compensation, common stock issuances through the exercise of stock options, and issuances of shares of restricted 
stock accounted for only a small change in the capital of the Company.

Under  the  regulatory  capital  frameworks  adopted  by  the  Federal  Reserve  and  the  FDIC,  Ameris  and  the  Bank  must  each 
maintain  a  common  equity  Tier  1  capital  to  total  risk-weighted  assets  ratio  of  at  least  4.5%,  a  Tier  1  capital  to  total  risk-
weighted assets ratio of at least 6%, a total capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 8% and a leverage ratio of Tier 1 
capital  to  average  total  consolidated  assets  of  at  least  4%.  Ameris  and  the  Bank  are  also  required  to  maintain  a  capital 
conservation buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital of at least 2.5% of risk-weighted assets in addition to the minimum risk-
based capital ratios in order to avoid certain restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments.

In March 2020, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC issued an interim final rule 
that  delays  the  estimated  impact  on  regulatory  capital  stemming  from  the  implementation  of  CECL.  The  interim  final  rule 
provides banking organizations that implement CECL in 2020 the option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on 
regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition 
period. As a result, the Company and Bank elected the five-year transition relief allowed under the interim final rule effective 
March 31, 2020.

The following table summarizes the regulatory capital levels of Ameris at December 31, 2023.

(dollars in thousands)
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio (tier 1 capital to average 
assets)

Actual

Required

Excess

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

Consolidated

Ameris Bank

$ 2,417,341 

 9.93 % $  974,053 

 4.00 % $ 1,443,288 

$ 2,600,274 

 10.69 % $  973,023 

 4.00 % $ 1,627,251 

CET1 Ratio (common equity tier 1 capital to 
risk weighted assets)

Consolidated

Ameris Bank

$ 2,417,341 

 11.23 % $ 1,506,241 

 7.00 % $  911,100 

$ 2,600,274 

 12.09 % $ 1,505,318 

 7.00 % $ 1,094,956 

Tier 1 Capital Ratio (tier 1 capital to risk 
weighted assets)

Consolidated

Ameris Bank

$ 2,417,341 

 11.23 % $ 1,829,007 

 8.50 % $  588,334 

$ 2,600,274 

 12.09 % $ 1,827,886 

 8.50 % $  772,388 

Total Capital Ratio (total capital to risk 
weighted assets)

Consolidated

Ameris Bank

$ 3,110,025 

 14.45 % $ 2,259,362 

 10.50 % $  850,663 

$ 2,944,480 

 13.69 % $ 2,257,977 

 10.50 % $  686,503 

 5.93 %

 6.69 %

 4.23 %

 5.09 %

 2.73 %

 3.59 %

 3.95 %

 3.19 %

The  required  CET1  Ratio,  Tier  1  Capital  Ratio,  and  the  Total  Capital  Ratio  reflected  in  the  table  above  include  a  capital 
conservation buffer of 2.50%.

51

INFLATION

The consolidated financial statements and related consolidated financial data presented herein have been prepared in accordance 
with GAAP and practices within the banking industry which require the measurement of financial position and operating results 
in  terms  of  historical  dollars  without  considering  the  changes  in  the  relative  purchasing  power  of  money  over  time  due  to 
inflation.  Unlike  most  industrial  companies,  virtually  all  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  a  financial  institution  are  monetary  in 
nature.  As  a  result,  interest  rates  have  a  more  significant  impact  on  a  financial  institution’s  performance  than  the  effects  of 
general levels of inflation.

QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following table sets forth certain consolidated quarterly financial information of the Company. This information is derived 
from  unaudited  consolidated  financial  statements,  which  include,  in  the  opinion  of  management,  all  normal  recurring 
adjustments which management considers necessary for a fair presentation of the results for such periods.

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Selected Income Statement Data:

Interest income

Interest expense

Net interest income

Provision for credit losses

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

Noninterest income
Noninterest expense excluding merger and conversion 
charges

Merger and conversion charges

Income before income taxes

Income tax

Net income

Per Share Data:

Three Months Ended

December 31, 
2023

September 30, 
2023

June 30, 2023 March 31, 2023

$ 

332,214  $ 

330,553  $ 

321,952  $ 

126,113 
206,101 

22,952 

183,149 

56,248 

122,802 
207,751 

24,459 

183,292 

63,181 

112,412 
209,540 

45,516 

164,024 

67,349 

295,716 

84,064 
211,652 

49,729 

161,923 

56,050 

149,011 

141,446 

148,403 

139,421 

— 

90,386 

24,452 

— 

105,027 

24,912 

— 

82,970 

20,335 

$ 

65,934  $ 

80,115  $ 

62,635  $ 

— 

78,552 

18,131 

60,421 

0.87 

0.87 

0.15 

Basic earnings per common share

Diluted earnings per common share

Common dividends - cash

$ 

0.96  $ 

1.16  $ 

0.91  $ 

0.96 

0.15 

1.16 

0.15 

0.91 

0.15 

52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
Selected Income Statement Data:

Interest income

Interest expense

Net interest income

Provision for credit losses

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

Noninterest income
Noninterest expense excluding merger and conversion 
charges

Merger and conversion charges

Income before income taxes

Income tax

Net income

Per Share Data:

Three Months Ended

December 31, 
2022

September 
30, 2022

June 30, 2022

March 31, 
2022

$ 

273,642  $ 

234,302  $ 

202,568  $ 

183,374 

49,505 

224,137 

32,890 

191,247 

48,348 

21,321 

212,981 

17,652 

195,329 

65,324 

11,204 

191,364 

14,924 

176,440 

83,841 

10,830 

172,544 

6,231 

166,313 

86,911 

134,826 

139,578 

142,196 

142,843 

235 

104,534 

22,313 

— 

121,075 

28,520 

— 

118,085 

28,019 

$ 

82,221  $ 

92,555  $ 

90,066  $ 

977 

109,404 

27,706 

81,698 

1.18 

1.17 

0.15 

Basic earnings per common share

Diluted earnings per common share

Common dividends - cash

$ 

1.19  $ 

1.34  $ 

1.30  $ 

1.18 

0.15 

1.34 

0.15 

1.30 

0.15 

53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed only to U.S. Dollar interest rate changes and, accordingly, we manage exposure by considering the possible 
changes in the net interest margin. We do not have any trading instruments nor do we classify any portion of the investment 
portfolio as trading. Finally, we have no exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk, commodity price risk or other market 
risks.

Interest rates play a major part in the net interest income of a financial institution. The sensitivity to rate changes is known as 
“interest  rate  risk.”  The  repricing  of  interest-earning  assets  and  interest-bearing  liabilities  can  influence  the  changes  in  net 
interest income. As part of our asset/liability management program, the timing of repriced assets and liabilities is referred to as 
gap management. 

Interest Rate Risk Management

As indicated by the table below, we are mildly asset sensitive in relation to changes in market interest rates in the one-year and 
two-year time horizons. Being asset sensitive would result in net interest income increasing in a rising rate environment and 
decreasing in a declining rate environment.

We use simulation analysis to monitor changes in net interest income due to changes in market interest rates. The simulation of 
rising, declining and flat interest rate scenarios allow management to monitor and adjust interest rate sensitivity to minimize the 
impact of market interest rate swings. The analysis of the impact on net interest income over a twelve-month period is subjected 
to an instantaneous 100 basis point increase or 100 basis point decrease in market rates on net interest income and is monitored 
on a quarterly basis. Our most recent model projects net interest income would increase if rates rise 100 basis points over the 
next year.

The  following  table  presents  the  earnings  simulation  model’s  projected  impact  of  a  change  in  interest  rates  on  the  projected 
baseline  net  interest  income  for  the  12-  and  24-month  periods  commencing  January  1,  2024.  This  change  in  interest  rates 
assumes parallel shifts in the yield curve and does not take into account changes in the slope of the yield curve.

Earnings Simulation Model Results

Change in
Interest Rates
(in bps)

% Change in Projected Baseline
Net Interest Income

12 Months

24 Months

300

200

100

(100)

(200)

(300)

(1.7)%

0.6%

0.6%

(0.8)%

(1.8)%

(3.0)%

6.1%

5.6%

3.1%

(3.5)%

(7.5)%

(12.0)%

In  the  event  of  a  shift  in  interest  rates,  we  may  take  certain  actions  intended  to  mitigate  the  negative  impact  to  net  interest 
income  or  to  maximize  the  positive  impact  to  net  interest  income.  These  actions  may  include,  but  are  not  limited  to, 
restructuring  of  interest-earning  assets  and  interest-bearing  liabilities,  seeking  alternative  funding  sources  or  investment 
opportunities and modifying the pricing or terms of loans, leases and deposits.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The  consolidated  financial  statements  and  related  notes  presented  elsewhere  in  this  report  have  been  prepared  in  accordance 
with  GAAP.  This  requires  the  measurement  of  financial  position  and  operating  results  in  terms  of  historical  dollars  without 
considering  the  changes  in  the  relative  purchasing  power  of  money  over  time  due  to  inflation.  Unlike  most  industrial 
companies, the vast majority of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a greater impact 
on our performance than do the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction 
or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.

54

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2023 and 2022 
Consolidated Statements of Income – Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity – Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL 
DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  have  evaluated  the  Company’s  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act as of the end of the 
period covered by this Annual Report, as required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 of the Exchange Act. Based on 
such evaluation, such officers have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, the Company’s 
disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is set forth on page F-2 of this Annual Report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, there was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting 
identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 of the Exchange Act that has 
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, no director or Section 16 officer of the Company adopted or terminated any Rule 
10b5-1 trading arrangement or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (in each case, as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation 
S-K).

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

55

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information set forth under the captions “Matters To Be Voted On - Proposal 1 - Election of Directors,” “Governance - 
Director Independence,” “Governance - Director Nomination Process and Diversity,” “Environmental, Social and Governance 
Matters,”  “Board  of  Directors  -  Board  Members,”  “Board  of  Directors  -  Board  Committees,”  “Board  of  Directors  -  Director 
Compensation,” “Information About Our Executive Officers,” “Executive Compensation - Employment Agreements,” “Audit 
Matters - Audit Committee Report,” “Stock Ownership - Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” and “Related Party Transactions” 
in the Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of 
Shareholders, to be filed with the SEC, is incorporated herein by reference.

For  information  regarding  amendments  to  the  Company’s  Bylaws  impacting  the  procedures  by  which  shareholders  may 
recommend  nominees  for  election  as  directors  of  the  Company,  see  the  discussion  of  the  amendment  and  restatement  of  the 
Company’s Bylaws under Item 9B.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Ameris has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that is applicable to all employees, including its principal executive 
officer,  principal  financial  officer,  principal  accounting  officer  and  controller.  The  code  of  business  conduct  and  ethics  is 
available on our website at www.amerisbank.com.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information set forth under the captions “Board of Directors - Board Committees - Compensation Committee,” “Board of 
Directors - Director Compensation” and “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the 
solicitation  of  proxies  for  the  Company’s  2024  Annual  Meeting  of  Shareholders,  to  be  filed  with  the  SEC,  is  incorporated 
herein by reference.

ITEM  12.  SECURITY  OWNERSHIP  OF  CERTAIN  BENEFICIAL  OWNERS  AND  MANAGEMENT  AND 
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The  information  set  forth  under  the  caption  “Stock  Ownership  -  Security  Ownership  of  Certain  Beneficial  Owners  and 
Management” in the Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s 2024 Annual 
Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the SEC, is incorporated herein by reference.

Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to securities to be issued under our equity compensation plans as 
of December 31, 2023. 

Plan Category

Number of 
securities to be 
issued upon 
exercise of 
outstanding 
options, warrants 
and rights (1)

Weighted 
average exercise 
price of 
outstanding 
options, warrants 
and rights (1)

Number of 
securities 
remaining 
available for 
future issuance 
under equity 
compensation 
plans (2)

(a)

(b)

(c)

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

146,612  $ 

— 

2,382,880 

(1) Represents shares issuable upon the vesting of performance stock units ("PSUs") granted under the 2014 Omnibus Equity 
Compensation Plan and 2021 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan at target.  PSUs are not taken into account in column 
(b).

(2) Consists  of  our  2021  Omnibus  Equity  Compensation  Plan,  which  provides  for  the  granting  to  directors,  officers  and 
certain  other  employees  of  qualified  or  nonqualified  stock  options,  stock  units,  stock  awards,  stock  appreciation  rights, 
dividend equivalents and other stock-based awards.

56

 
 
 
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information set forth under the captions “Governance - Director Independence,” “Board of Directors - Board Committees” 
and  “Related  Party  Transactions”  in  the  Proxy  Statement  to  be  used  in  connection  with  the  solicitation  of  proxies  for  the 
Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the SEC, is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The  information  set  forth  under  the  caption  “Matters  To  Be  Voted  On  -  Proposal  2  -  Ratification  of  Appointment  of  Our 
Registered  Independent  Public  Accounting  Firm,”  “Board  of  Directors  -  Board  Committees  -  Audit  Committee”  and  “Audit 
Matters - Fees and Services” in the Proxy Statement to be used in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s 
2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the SEC, is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBIT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

1. 

Financial statements:

(a) Ameris Bancorp and Subsidiaries:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2023 and 2022;

Consolidated Statements of Income – Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021;

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021;

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity – Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021;

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021; and

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(b) Ameris Bancorp (parent company only):

Parent  company  only  financial  information  has  been  included  in  Note  22  of  the  Notes  to  Consolidated 
Financial Statements.

2. 

Financial statement schedules:

3. 

4. 

All schedules are omitted as the required information is inapplicable or the information is presented in the financial 
statements or related notes.

A list of the Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K to be filed as a part of this Annual Report is shown on 
the “Exhibit Index” filed herewith.
Ameris Bancorp and certain of its consolidated subsidiaries are parties to long-term debt instruments with respect to 
trust preferred securities under which the total amount of securities authorized does not exceed 10% of the total assets 
of  Ameris  Bancorp  and  its  subsidiaries  on  a  consolidated  basis.  Pursuant  to  paragraph  (b)(4)(iii)(A)  of  Item  601  of 
Regulation  S-K,  Ameris  Bancorp  agrees  to  furnish  a  copy  of  such  instruments  to  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission upon request.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY.

None.

57

Exhibit 
No.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Description

3.1

3.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

10.1*

10.2*

10.3*

10.4*

10.5*

Restated  Articles  of  Incorporation  of  Ameris  Bancorp  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  3.1  to  Ameris 
Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023).

Bylaws of Ameris Bancorp, as amended and restated through February 23, 2023 (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 3.2 to Ameris Bancorp's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 8, 2023).

Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934

Subordinated Debt Indenture dated as of March 13, 2017 by and between Ameris Bancorp and Wilmington 
Trust, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2017).

First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 13, 2017, by and between Ameris Bancorp and Wilmington 
Trust, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2017).

Second  Supplemental  Indenture,  dated  as  of  December  6,  2019,  by  and  between  Ameris  Bancorp  and 
Wilmington  Trust,  National  Association,  as  trustee  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.2  to  Ameris 
Bancorp's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 6, 2019).

Form  of  5.75%  Fixed-to-Floating  Rate  Subordinated  Note  due  2027  (included  as  Exhibit  A  to  the  First 
Supplemental Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the 
SEC on March 13, 2017).

Form of 4.25% Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Notes due 2029 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to 
Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 6, 2019).

Form  of  Global  Note  representing  Fixed/Floating  Rate  Subordinated  Notes  due  2030  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 4.56 to Ameris Bancorp's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 
2020).

Third  Supplemental  Indenture,  dated  as  of  September  28,  2020,  by  and  between  Ameris  Bancorp  and 
Wilmington  Trust,  National  Association,  as  trustee  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.2  to  Ameris 
Bancorp's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 28, 2020).

Form of 3.875% Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Notes due 2030 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to 
Ameris Bancorp's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 28, 2020).

Supplemental  Executive  Retirement  Agreement  with  Jon  S.  Edwards,  dated  as  of  November  7,  2012 
(incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.3  to  Ameris  Bancorp’s  Form  10-Q  filed  with  the  SEC  on 
November 9, 2012).

Supplemental  Executive  Retirement  Agreement  with  Nicole  S.  Stokes,  dated  as  of  November  7,  2012 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the 
SEC on March 1, 2018).

Ameris  Bancorp  2014  Omnibus  Equity  Compensation  Plan  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Appendix  A  to 
Ameris Bancorp’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the SEC on April 17, 2014).

Form of Restricted Stock Grant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s 
Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on November 26, 2014).

Form of Severance Protection and Restrictive Covenants Agreement for executive officers (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Ameris Bancorp's  Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 10, 2019).

58

10.6*

10.7*

10.8*

10.9*

10.10*

10.11*

10.12*

10.13*

10.14*

10.15*

21.1

23.1

31.1

31.2

32.1

32.2

97.1

Employment Agreement by and among Ameris Bancorp, Ameris Bank and H. Palmer Proctor, Jr. dated as of 
December 17, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-Q filed with the 
SEC on August 9, 2019).

Amendment to Employment Agreement by and among Ameris Bancorp, Ameris Bank and H. Palmer Proctor, 
Jr. dated as of June 30, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-Q filed 
with the SEC on August 9, 2019).

Supplemental  Executive  Retirement  Agreement  with  Lawton  E.  Bassett,  III,  dated  as  of  November  7,  2012 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 
2020).

Form  of  Performance  Stock  Unit  Grant  Agreement  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.17  to  Ameris 
Bancorp's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 9, 2020).

Supplemental  Executive  Retirement  Agreement  with  James  A.  LaHaise,  dated  as  of  November  10,  2015 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 
26, 2021).

Ameris  Bancorp  2021  Omnibus  Equity  Incentive  Plan,  as  amended  and  restated  through  July  26,  2022 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 5, 
2022).

Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement under the 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 9, 2021).

Form of Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement under the 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 9, 
2021).

Form of Performance Unit Award Agreement under the 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 9, 2021).

Summary of Director Compensation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-
Q filed with the SEC on August 8, 2023).

Schedule of Subsidiaries.

Consent of KPMG LLP.

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by Chief Executive Officer.

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by Chief Financial Officer.

Section 1350 Certification by Chief Executive Officer.

Section 1350 Certification by Chief Financial Officer.

Policy for the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation.

101.INS

XBRL  Instance  Document  -  the  instance  document  does  not  appear  in  the  Interactive  Data  File  because  its 
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101.SCH

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101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

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File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.  

* Management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement.

60

                                                  
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (KPMG LLP, Atlanta, GA, Auditor Firm ID: 185)

Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2023 and 2022

Consolidated Statements of Income – Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity – Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page

F-2

F-3

F-6

F-7

F-8

F-9

F-11

F-13

F-1

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The  management  of  Ameris  Bancorp  and  subsidiaries  (the  “Company”)  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining 
adequate  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  defined  in  Rules  13a-15(f)  and  15d-15(f)  under  the  Exchange  Act.  The 
Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of 
financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted 
accounting principles.

All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined 
to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements.  Also, 
projections  of  any  evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  controls  may  become  inadequate 
because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In 
making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission  in  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  (2013).  Based  on  this  assessment  and  those  criteria,  management 
believes that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023.  

KPMG  LLP,  the  Company’s  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm,  has  issued  a  report  on  the  effectiveness  of  the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting. That report is included in this Annual Report on page  F-5.

/s/ H. Palmer Proctor, Jr.
H. Palmer Proctor, Jr.
Chief Executive Officer

(principal executive officer)

/s/ Nicole S. Stokes
Nicole S. Stokes

Corporate EVP and Chief Financial Officer
(principal accounting and financial officer)

F-2

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors 
Ameris Bancorp:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ameris Bancorp and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 
and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in 
the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the 
consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 
2022,  and  the  results  of  its  operations  and  its  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  years  in  the  three-year  period  ended  December  31,  2023,  in 
conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 28, 
2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on 
these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to 
be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the 
Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB.  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to 
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated  financial  statements are  free  of  material  misstatement, whether  due to error  or 
fraud.  Our  audits  included  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements, 
whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, 
evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting 
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial 
statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that 
was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to 
the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a 
critical  audit  matter  does  not  alter  in  any  way  our  opinion  on  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  taken  as  a  whole,  and  we  are  not,  by 
communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to 
which it relates.

Quantitative component of the allowance for credit losses on loans evaluated on a collective basis

As discussed in Notes 1 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s total allowance for credit losses on loans as 
of  December  31,  2023  was  $307.1  million,  a  portion  of  which  related  to  the  quantitative  component  of  the  allowance  for  credit 
losses  on  loans  evaluated  on  a  collective  (pool)  basis  for  the  commercial,  financial  and  agricultural,  consumer  installment,  real 
estate  -  construction  and  development,  real  estate  -  commercial  and  farmland  and  real  estate  -  residential  loan  segments  (the 
quantitative  collective  ACL).  The  Company  estimated  the  quantitative  collective  ACL  utilizing  a  discounted  cash  flow  (DCF) 
methodology  applied  to  their  loan  pools  segregated  by  similar  risk  characteristics.    The  Company’s  DCF  methodology  generates 
cash flow projections at the loan level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speeds, curtailments, 
time  to  recovery,  probability  of  default  (PD),  and  loss  given  default  (LGD).  The  modeling  of  expected  prepayment  speeds  and 
curtailment rates are based on historical internal data, and consider current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of 
future economic conditions. The Company uses regression  analysis of historical  internal  and  peer  loss  data to  determine suitable 
macroeconomic variables to utilize when modeling lifetime PD and LGD. This analysis also determines how expected PD and LGD 
will react to forecasted levels of the macroeconomic variables over a reasonable and supportable forecast period. At the end of the 
four-quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company reverts to a historical loss rate on a straight-line basis over 
four quarters. Management leverages economic projections comprising multiple weighted scenarios from an independent third party 
to inform its macroeconomic variable forecasts over the reasonable and supportable forecast period. A portion of the allowance for 
credit losses is comprised of qualitative factors for model limitations and risk uncertainty as well as for loan segment specific risks 
that cannot be addressed in the quantitative methods.

F-3

We identified the assessment of the quantitative collective ACL as a critical audit matter. A high degree of audit effort, including 
specialized skills and knowledge, and subjective and complex auditor judgment was involved in the assessment of the quantitative 
collective  ACL  due  to  significant  measurement  uncertainty.  Specifically,  the  assessment  encompassed  the  evaluation  of  the 
methodology,  including  the  models  used  to  estimate  the  PDs  and  LGDs  as  well  as  the  selection  and  weighting  of  the  economic 
projections and selection of macroeconomic variables. The assessment also included an evaluation of the conceptual soundness and 
performance of the PD and LGD models.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the 
operating  effectiveness  of  certain  internal  controls  related  to  the  Company’s  measurement  of  the  quantitative  collective  ACL 
estimate, including controls over the:

•

•

•

•

•

development of the quantitative collective ACL methodology

continued use and appropriateness of changes to the PD and LGD models

selection and weighting of the economic projections and selection of macroeconomic variables

conceptual soundness and performance of PD and LGD models and

analysis of the allowance for credit losses results, trends, and ratios.

We evaluated the Company’s process to develop the quantitative collective ACL estimate by testing certain sources of data, factors, 
and  assumptions  that  the  Company  used,  and  considered  the  relevance  and  reliability  of  such  data,  factors,  and  assumptions.  In 
addition, we involved credit risk professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:

•

•

•

evaluating the Company’s quantitative collective ACL methodology for compliance with U.S. generally accepted accounting 
principles

evaluating  the  selection  of  the  economic  projections,  including  weighting  of  the  economic  projections,  and  selection  of 
macroeconomic  variables  used  in  the  PD  and  LGD  models  by  comparing  them  to  relevant  Company-specific  metrics  and 
trends and relevant industry practices and

assessing  the  conceptual  soundness  and  performance  of  the  PD  and  LGD  models  by  inspecting  model  documentation  to 
determine whether the models are suitable for their intended use.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021.

Atlanta, Georgia 
February 28, 2024

F-4

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors 
Ameris Bancorp:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Ameris Bancorp and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based 
on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the 
Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as 
of  December  31,  2023,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 
consolidated  balance  sheets  of  the  Company  as  of  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  income, 
comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the 
related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 28, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on 
those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the 
effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  included  in  the  accompanying  Management's  Report  on  Internal  Control  Over 
Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. 
We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance 
with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain 
reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of 
internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that 
a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. 
Our  audit  also  included  performing  such  other  procedures  as  we  considered  necessary  in  the  circumstances.  We  believe  that  our  audit 
provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of 
financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting 
principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of 
records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the  company;  (2)  provide 
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of 
management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized 
acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any 
evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or 
that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Atlanta, Georgia
February 28, 2024

F-5

 
 
  
 
AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2023 and 2022 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Assets
Cash and due from banks
Interest-bearing deposits in banks
Cash and cash equivalents

2023

2022

$ 

230,470  $ 
936,834 
1,167,304 

284,567 
833,565 
1,118,132 

Debt securities available-for-sale, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses of $69 and $75

1,402,944 

1,500,060 

Debt securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses of $0 and $0 (fair 
value of $122,731 and $114,538)
Other investments
Loans held for sale, at fair value

Loans, net of unearned income
Allowance for credit losses

Loans, net

Other real estate owned, net
Premises and equipment, net
Goodwill
Other intangible assets, net
Cash value of bank owned life insurance
Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities
Deposits

Noninterest-bearing
Interest-bearing
Total deposits
Other borrowings
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures, net
Other liabilities
Total liabilities

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 19)

141,512 
71,794 
281,332 

134,864 
110,992 
392,078 

  20,269,303 
(307,100) 
  19,962,203 

  19,855,253 
(205,677) 
  19,649,576 

6,199 
216,435 
1,015,646 
87,949 
395,778 
454,603 

843 
220,283 
1,015,646 
106,194 
388,405 
416,213 

$  25,203,699  $  25,053,286 

$  6,491,639  $  7,929,579 
  11,533,159 
  14,216,870 
  19,462,738 
  20,708,509 
1,875,736 
509,586 
128,322 
130,315 
389,090 
428,542 
  21,855,886 
  21,776,952 

Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, stated value $1,000; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding

Common stock, par value $1; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 72,516,079 and 72,263,727 shares issued
Capital surplus
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Treasury stock, at cost, 3,462,738 and 2,894,677 shares
Total shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

— 

— 

72,516 
1,945,385 
1,539,957 
(35,939) 
(95,172) 
3,426,747 

72,264 
1,935,211 
1,311,258 
(46,507) 
(74,826) 
3,197,400 

$  25,203,699  $  25,053,286 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

2023

2022

2021

Interest income
Interest and fees on loans
Interest on taxable securities
Interest on nontaxable securities
Interest on deposits in other banks
Interest on federal funds sold
Total interest income

Interest expense
Interest on deposits
Interest on other borrowings
Total interest expense

Net interest income
Provision for loan losses
Provision for unfunded commitments
Provision for other credit losses
Provision for credit losses
Net interest income after provision for credit losses

Noninterest income
Service charges on deposit accounts
Mortgage banking activity
Other service charges, commissions and fees
Net gain (loss) on securities
Gain on sale of SBA loans
Other noninterest income
Total noninterest income

Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits
Occupancy and equipment
Advertising and marketing
Amortization of intangible assets
Data processing and communications expenses
Legal and other professional fees
Credit resolution-related expenses
Merger and conversion charges
FDIC insurance
Loan servicing expenses
Other noninterest expenses
Total noninterest expense

Income before income tax expense
Income tax expense

Net income

Basic earnings per common share
Diluted earnings per common share
Weighted average common shares outstanding

Basic
Diluted

$ 

1,172,162  $ 
59,002 
1,335 
47,936 
— 
1,280,435 

834,969  $ 
34,656 
1,176 
23,008 
77 
893,886 

356,017 
89,374 
445,391 

835,044 
153,515 
(10,853) 
(6) 
142,656 
692,388 

46,575 
139,885 
4,401 
(304) 
1,557 
50,714 
242,828 

320,110 
51,450 
11,856 
18,244 
53,486 
17,726 
80 
— 
26,940 
35,283 
43,106 
578,281 

356,935 
87,830 

56,105 
36,755 
92,860 

801,026 
52,610 
19,226 
(139) 
71,697 
729,329 

44,499 
184,904 
3,875 
203 
5,552 
45,391 
284,424 

319,719 
51,361 
12,481 
19,744 
49,228 
16,439 
29 
1,212 
8,063 
36,835 
45,544 
560,655 

453,098 
106,558 

269,105  $ 

346,540  $ 

676,089 
22,524 
575 
3,882 
42 
703,112 

22,357 
25,428 
47,785 

655,327 
(35,081) 
332 
(616) 
(35,365) 
690,692 

45,106 
285,900 
4,188 
515 
6,623 
23,212 
365,544 

337,776 
48,066 
8,434 
14,965 
45,976 
11,920 
3,538 
4,206 
5,614 
26,481 
53,148 
560,124 

496,112 
119,199 

376,913 

$ 

$ 
$ 

3.90  $ 
3.89  $ 

5.01  $ 
4.99  $ 

5.43 
5.40 

68,977,453 
69,104,158 

69,193,591 
69,419,721 

69,431,860 
69,761,394 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in thousands)

2023

2022

2021

$ 

269,105  $ 

346,540  $ 

376,913 

Net income

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Net unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period on investment 
securities available-for-sale, net of tax expense (benefit) of $3,598, ($16,507) and 
($4,762)

Reclassification adjustment for losses on investment securities included in 
earnings, net of tax of $80, $0 and $0
Total other comprehensive income (loss)

10,339 

(62,097) 

(17,915) 

229 
10,568 

— 
(62,097) 

— 
(17,915) 

Comprehensive income

$ 

279,673  $ 

284,443  $ 

358,998 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of 
period

Issuance of restricted 
shares

Forfeitures of restricted 
shares

Exercise of stock 
options

Share-based 
compensation

Purchase of treasury 
shares

Net income

Dividends on common 
shares ($0.60 per share)

Other comprehensive 
income (loss) during 
the period

Balance at December 31, 
2021

Issuance of restricted 
shares

Forfeitures of restricted 
shares

Exercise of stock 
options

Share-based 
compensation

Purchase of treasury 
shares

Net income

Dividends on common 
shares ($0.60 per share)

Other comprehensive 
income (loss) during 
the period

Balance at December 31, 
2022

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Common Stock

Shares

Amount

Capital 
Surplus

Retained 
Earnings

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss), 
Net of Tax

Treasury Stock

Shares

Amount

Total 
Shareholders' 
Equity

 71,753,705  $  71,754  $ 1,913,285  $  671,510  $ 

33,505 

 2,212,224  $  (42,966)  $ 

2,647,088 

99,308 

99 

500 

(2,695)   

(3)   

(50)   

  166,808 

167 

4,365 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

6,713 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  165,687 

166 

1,175 

(14,889)   

(15)   

(128)   

95,803 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

96 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2,703 

6,648 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

376,913 

(41,987)   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

599 

(53) 

4,532 

6,713 

  195,674 

(9,439)   

(9,439) 

— 

— 

— 

376,913 

(41,987) 

(17,915) 

— 

(17,915)   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

346,540 

(41,718)   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1,341 

(143) 

2,799 

6,648 

  486,779 

  (22,421)   

(22,421) 

— 

— 

— 

346,540 

(41,718) 

(62,097) 

— 

(62,097)   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

 72,017,126  $  72,017  $ 1,924,813  $  1,006,436  $ 

15,590 

 2,407,898  $  (52,405)  $ 

2,966,451 

 72,263,727  $  72,264  $ 1,935,211  $  1,311,258  $ 

(46,507)   2,894,677  $  (74,826)  $ 

3,197,400 

F-9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Common Stock

Shares

Amount

Capital 
Surplus

Retained 
Earnings

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss), 
Net of Tax

Treasury Stock

Shares

Amount

Total 
Shareholders' 
Equity

 72,263,727  $  72,264  $ 1,935,211  $  1,311,258  $ 

(46,507)   2,894,677  $  (74,826)  $ 

3,197,400 

  133,430 

133 

(133)   

  105,005 

105 

(105)   

(2,083)   

(2)   

(30)   

16,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

16 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

460 

9,982 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

269,105 

(41,683)   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

10,568 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(32) 

476 

9,982 

  568,061 

  (20,346)   

(20,346) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

269,105 

(41,683) 

10,568 

— 

— 

— 

1,277 

— 

— 

— 

1,277 

 72,516,079  $  72,516  $ 1,945,385  $  1,539,957  $ 

(35,939)   3,462,738  $  (95,172)  $ 

3,426,747 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

Balance at January 1, 
2023

Issuance of restricted 
shares

Issuance of common 
shares pursuant to PSU 
agreements

Forfeitures of restricted 
shares

Proceeds from exercise 
of stock options

Share-based 
compensation

Purchase of treasury 
shares

Net income

Dividends on common 
shares ($0.60 per share)

Other comprehensive 
income (loss) during 
the period

Cumulative effect of 
change in accounting 
principle for ASU 
2022-02

Balance at December 31, 
2023

F-10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in thousands)

Operating Activities

Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:

$ 

269,105  $ 

346,540  $ 

376,913 

2023

2022

2021

Depreciation
Net (gains) losses on sale or disposal of premises and equipment
Net write-downs on other assets
Provision for credit losses
Net write-downs and (gains) losses on sale of other real estate owned
Share-based compensation expense
Amortization of intangible assets
Amortization of operating lease right of use assets
Provision for deferred taxes
Net (accretion) amortization of debt securities available-for-sale
Net (accretion) amortization of debt securities held-to-maturity
Net amortization of other investments
Net loss (gain) on securities
Accretion of discount on purchased loans, net
Net amortization on other borrowings
Amortization of subordinated deferrable interest debentures
Loan servicing asset impairment (recovery)
Originations of mortgage loans held for sale
Payments received on mortgage loans held for sale
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale
Net (gains) losses on mortgage loans held for sale
Originations of SBA loans
Proceeds from sales of SBA loans
Net gains on sales of SBA loans
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance
Gain on bank owned life insurance proceeds
Gains on sale of other loans held for sale
Gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights
Gain on debt redemption
(Increase) decrease in interest receivable
Increase (decrease) in interest payable
Increase (decrease) in taxes payable
Change attributable to other operating activities

Net cash provided by operating activities

19,112 
(1,658) 
— 
142,656 
(1,595) 
9,950 
18,244 
11,363 
(20,468) 
(5,616) 
(187) 
1,091 
304 
(910) 
843 
1,993 
— 
(3,620,664) 
15,269 
3,695,259 
2,072 
(27,410) 
30,462 
(1,557) 
(8,777) 
(486) 
— 
— 
(1,148) 
(9,662) 
26,946 
2,271 
22,157 
568,959 

18,416 
156 
— 
71,697 
(1,773) 
6,706 
19,744 
12,639 
(35,677) 
(644) 
37 
722 
(203) 
285 
433 
1,994 
(21,824) 
(3,949,676) 
23,324 
4,493,742 
93,133 
(46,479) 
57,171 
(5,552) 
(7,305) 
(55) 
— 
(1,356) 
— 
(20,125) 
6,217 
5,177 
(4,991) 
1,062,473 

17,225 
2,882 
260 
(35,365) 
538 
7,948 
14,965 
15,739 
38,411 
2,786 
40 
62 
(515) 
(16,349) 
438 
1,983 
(14,530) 
(7,780,436) 
53,313 
7,459,163 
(152,422) 
(67,865) 
71,610 
(6,623) 
(5,385) 
(603) 
(457) 
— 
— 
19,337 
(1,175) 
7,005 
247 
9,140 

F-11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(dollars in thousands)

Investing Activities, net of effects of business combinations
Proceeds from maturities of time deposits in other banks
Purchases of securities available-for-sale
Purchases of securities held-to-maturity
Proceeds from prepayments and maturities of securities available-for-sale
Proceeds from prepayments and maturities of securities held-to-maturity
Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale
Net (increase) decrease  in other investments
Net increase in loans
Payments received on other loans held for sale
Purchase of loan pool
Proceeds from sale of mortgage servicing rights
Purchases of premises and equipment
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned
Purchase of bank owned life insurance
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance
Proceeds from sales of other loans held for sale
Net cash proceeds paid in acquisitions
Net cash used in investing activities

Financing Activities, net of effects of business combinations

Net increase (decrease) in deposits
Net decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase
Proceeds from other borrowings
Repayment of other borrowings
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Dividends paid - common stock
Purchase of treasury shares
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information

Cash paid during the year for:
Interest
Income taxes
Loans transferred to other real estate owned
Loans transferred from loans held for sale to loans held for investment
Loans provided for the sales of other real estate owned
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
Assets acquired in business combination
Liabilities assumed in business combination
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale, net of tax

2023

2022

2021

$ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

(30,548) 
(8,543) 
142,082 
2,082 
5,141 
38,112 
(485,459) 
— 
— 
— 
(17,531) 
3,925 
10,655 
— 
1,890 
— 
— 
(338,194) 

(1,172,323) 
(57,408) 
186,849 
2,357 
— 
(63,959) 
(3,345,287) 
— 
(472,266) 
119,845 
(13,568) 
46 
5,086 
(50,000) 
101 
— 
(14,003) 
(4,874,530) 

$ 

1,245,771  $ 

— 
15,842,000 
(17,207,845) 
476 
(41,649) 
(20,346) 
(181,593) 

(202,815)  $ 
(5,845) 
3,950,000 
(2,814,576) 
2,799 
(41,610) 
(22,421) 
865,532 

249 
— 
(80,355) 
364,907 
465 
— 
(18,897) 
(566,237) 
9,136 
— 
— 
(25,448) 
1,958 
11,790 
(150,000) 
1,309 
156,803 
(126,664) 
(420,984) 

2,708,021 
(5,796) 
— 
(296,325) 
4,532 
(41,798) 
(9,439) 
2,359,195 

49,172 
1,118,132 
1,167,304  $ 

(2,946,525) 
4,064,657 
1,118,132  $ 

1,947,351 
2,117,306 
4,064,657 

418,445  $ 
101,328  $ 
14,416  $ 
—  $ 
—  $ 
2,827  $ 
—  $ 
—  $ 
10,568  $ 

86,643  $ 
133,894  $ 
346  $ 
196,891  $ 
2,288  $ 
7,226  $ 
3,216  $ 
(10,787)  $ 
(62,097)  $ 

48,960 
71,807 
4,258 
170,435 
1,052 
12,792 
886,553 
690,116 
(17,915) 

$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

See notes to consolidated financial statements

F-12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business

Ameris  Bancorp  and  subsidiaries  (the  “Company”  or  “Ameris”)  is  a  financial  holding  company  headquartered  in  Atlanta, 
Georgia,  and  whose  primary  business  is  presently  conducted  by  Ameris  Bank,  its  wholly  owned  banking  subsidiary  (the 
“Bank”).  Through  the  Bank,  the  Company  operates  a  full  service  banking  business  and  offers  a  broad  range  of  retail  and 
commercial banking services to its customers concentrated in select markets in Georgia, Alabama, Florida, North Carolina and 
South Carolina. The Bank also engages in mortgage banking activities, and, as such, originates, acquires, sells and services one-
to-four  family  residential  mortgage  loans  in  the  Southeast.  The  Bank  also  originates,  administers  and  services  commercial 
insurance  premium  loans,  equipment  finance  loans  and  SBA  loans  made  to  borrowers  throughout  the  United  States.  The 
Company  and  the  Bank  are  subject  to  the  regulations  of  certain  federal  and  state  agencies  and  are  periodically  examined  by 
those regulatory agencies.

Basis of Presentation and Accounting Estimates

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries.  Variable Interest Entities for 
which the Company or its subsidiaries have been determined to be the primary beneficiary are also consolidated. Significant 
intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

In  preparing  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United 
States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and 
liabilities  as  of  the  date  of  the  balance  sheets  and  the  reported  amounts  of  revenues  and  expenses  during  the  reporting 
periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Acquisition Accounting

In accounting for business combinations, the Company uses the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, 
Business  Combinations.    Under  the  acquisition  method  of  accounting,  assets  acquired,  liabilities  assumed  and  consideration 
exchanged are recorded at their respective acquisition date fair values.  Any identifiable intangible assets that are acquired in a 
business  combination  are  recognized  at  fair  value  on  the  acquisition  date.    Identifiable  intangible  assets  are  recognized 
separately if they  arise from contractual or other  legal rights or if they are separable (i.e.,  capable of being sold, transferred, 
licensed,  rented  or  exchanged  separately  from  the  entity).    If  the  consideration  given  exceeds  the  fair  value  of  the  net  assets 
received,  goodwill  is  recognized.    Determining  the  fair  value  of  assets  and  liabilities  is  a  complicated  process  involving 
significant  judgment  regarding  methods  and  assumptions  used  to  calculate  estimated  fair  values.    Fair  values  are  subject  to 
refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information regarding the closing date fair 
values becomes available.  In addition, management will assess and record the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities 
resulting from differences in the carrying value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and 
their basis for income tax purposes, including acquired net operating loss carryforwards and other acquired assets with built-in 
losses that are expected to be settled or otherwise recovered in future periods where the realization of such benefits would be 
subject to applicable limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Purchased loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date.  Loans which 
have  experienced  more-than-insignificant  deterioration  in  credit  quality  since  origination,  as  determined  by  the  Company's 
assessment, are considered purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") loans.  At acquisition, expected credit losses for purchased 
loans with credit deterioration are initially recognized as an allowance for credit losses and are added to the purchase price to 
determine the amortized cost basis of the loans.  Any non-credit discount or premium resulting from acquiring such loans is 
recognized as an adjustment to interest income over the remaining lives of the loans.  Subsequent to the acquisition date, the 
change  in  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  on  PCD  loans  is  recognized  through  provision  for  credit  losses.    The  non-credit 
discount or premium is accreted or amortized, respectively, into interest income over the remaining life of the PCD loan on a 
level-yield basis.  Purchased loans which do not meet the criteria to be classified as PCD loans are recorded at fair value as of 
the  acquisition  date  and  no  allowance  for  credit  losses  is  carried  over  from  the  seller.    The  resulting  purchase  discount  or 
premium is accreted or amortized, respectively, into interest income over the remaining life of the non-PCD loan on a level-
yield basis.

F-13

Transfer of financial assets

Transfers  of  financial  assets  are  accounted  for  as  sales,  when  control  over  the  assets  has  been  relinquished.    Control  over 
transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the 
right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and 
the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before 
their maturity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For  purposes  of  reporting  cash  flows,  cash  and  cash  equivalents  include  cash  on  hand,  cash  items  in  process  of  collection, 
amounts due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in banks, federal funds sold and restricted cash. There was no restricted cash 
held at either December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Investment Securities

The Company classifies its debt securities in one of three categories: (i) trading, (ii) held-to-maturity or (iii) available-for-sale. 
Trading securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. Held-to-maturity securities 
are  those  securities  for  which  the  Company  has  the  ability  and  intent  to  hold  until  maturity.  All  other  debt  securities  are 
classified as available-for-sale. 

Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related deferred tax effect, 
on  available-for-sale  securities  are  excluded  from  earnings  and  are  reported  in  other  comprehensive  income  as  a  separate 
component of shareholders’ equity until realized. Held-to-maturity securities are carried at amortized cost. 

The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recognized in interest income using methods approximating the 
interest method over the expected life of the securities. Realized gains and losses, determined on the basis of the cost of specific 
securities sold, are included in earnings on the trade date. The Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest 
from the amortized cost basis of debt securities and report accrued interest in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. A 
debt security is placed on nonaccrual status at the time any principal or interest payments become more than 90 days delinquent 
or if full collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain. Accrued interest for a security placed on nonaccrual is reversed 
against interest income. There was no accrued interest related to debt securities reversed against interest income for the years 
ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities totaled $7.5 million and $7.7 million 
as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

The  Company  evaluates  available-for-sale  securities  in  an  unrealized  loss  position  to  determine  if  credit-related  impairment 
exists.    The  Company  first  evaluates  whether  it  intends  to  sell  or  more  likely  than  not  will  be  required  to  sell  an  impaired 
security before recovering its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is met, the entire amount of unrealized loss is recognized in 
earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security's amortized cost basis. If either of the above criteria is not met, the 
Company  evaluates  whether  the  decline  in  fair  value  is  attributable  to  credit  or  resulted  from  other  factors.    If  credit-related 
impairment  exists,  the  Company  recognizes  an  allowance  for  credit  losses  ("ACL"),  limited  to  the  amount  by  which  the  fair 
value is less than the amortized cost basis.  Refer to Note 3 for additional information related to the ACL for available-for-sale 
securities.  Any impairment not recognized through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax, as a non 
credit-related impairment.   

The Company uses a systematic methodology to determine its ACL for debt securities held-to-maturity considering the effects 
of past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts on the collectability of the portfolio.  The ACL is a 
valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the held-
to-maturity  portfolio.    The  Company  monitors  the  held-to-maturity  portfolio  on  a  quarterly  basis  to  determine  whether  a 
valuation account would need to be recorded.  As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $141.5 million and $134.9 
million held-to-maturity securities, respectively, and no related valuation account.

Other Investments

Other investments include Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock. These investments do not have readily determinable fair 
values due to restrictions placed on transferability and therefore are carried at cost. These investments are periodically evaluated 
for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value or cost basis. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income.

F-14

Also  included  in  other  investments  are  57,611  Visa  Class  B  restricted  shares  owned  by  the  Bank  with  a  carrying  value  of 
approximately $242,000 as of December 31, 2023.  These shares are transferable only under limited circumstances until they 
can be converted into the publicly traded Visa Class A common shares. This conversion will not occur until the settlement of 
certain  litigation  which  will  be  indemnified  by  Visa  members,  including  the  Bank.  Visa  funded  an  escrow  account  from  its 
initial public offering to settle these litigation claims. Should this escrow account be insufficient to cover these litigation claims, 
Visa is entitled to fund additional amounts to the escrow account by reducing each member bank’s Visa Class B conversion 
ratio to unrestricted Visa Class A shares.  As of December 31, 2023, the conversion ratio was 1.5875. On January 23, 2024, 
Visa’s common stockholders approved amendments to the Visa’s certificate of incorporation authorizing Visa to implement an 
exchange offer program that would have the effect of releasing transfer restrictions on portions of the Visa’s class B common 
stock. The certificate of incorporation amendments automatically redenominate all shares of class B common stock as class B-1 
common stock with no changes to the par value, conversion features, rights and privileges of the class B common stock. The 
amendments also authorized new classes of class B common stock that will only be issuable in connection with an exchange 
offer where a preceding class of B common stock was tendered in exchange and retired.

Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage and SBA loans held for sale are carried at the estimated fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from 
third party investors in the secondary market. Adjustments to reflect unrealized gains and losses resulting from changes in fair 
value of mortgage loans held for sale and realized gains and losses upon ultimate sale of the mortgage loans held for sale are 
classified as mortgage banking activity in the consolidated statements of income. Adjustments to reflect unrealized gains and 
losses resulting from changes in fair value of SBA loans held for sale and realized gains and losses upon ultimate sale of the 
SBA loans held for sale are classified as gain on sale of SBA loans in the consolidated statements of income.  Other loans held 
for sale are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

Servicing Rights

When  mortgage  and  SBA  loans  are  sold  with  servicing  retained,  servicing  rights  are  initially  recorded  at  fair  value  with  the 
income statement effect recorded in mortgage banking activity or gain on sale of SBA loans accordingly. Fair value is based on 
market prices for comparable servicing contracts, when available or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates 
the present value of estimated future net servicing income. All classes of servicing assets are subsequently measured using the 
amortization  method  which  requires  servicing  rights  to  be  amortized  into  noninterest  income  in  proportion  to,  and  over  the 
period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans. 

Servicing fee income, which is reported on the income statement in mortgage banking activity for serviced mortgage loans and 
other noninterest income for all other serviced loans, is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a 
contractual percentage of the outstanding principal or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income when earned. The 
amortization of servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income. 

Servicing  rights  are  evaluated  for  impairment  based  upon  the  fair  value  of  the  rights  as  compared  to  carrying  amount. 
Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into strata based on predominant risk characteristics, such as interest rate, loan 
type and investor type. Impairment is recognized for a particular stratum through a valuation allowance, to the extent that fair 
value is less than the carrying amount. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists 
for a particular stratum, a reduction of the valuation allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Changes in valuation 
allowances  related  to  servicing  rights  are  reported  in  mortgage  banking  activity  and  other  noninterest  income  on  the  income 
statement. Refer to Note 23 for additional information related to the valuation allowance on servicing rights.  The fair values of 
servicing  rights  are  subject  to  significant  fluctuations  as  a  result  of  changes  in  estimated  and  actual  prepayment  speeds  and 
default rates and losses.

Loans

Loans  are  reported  at  their  outstanding  principal  balances  less  unearned  income,  net  of  deferred  fees,  origination  costs  and 
unaccreted  or  unamortized  non-credit  purchase  discounts  or  premiums,  respectively.  Interest  income  is  accrued  on  the 
outstanding principal balance. For all classes of loans, the accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s 
opinion, the borrower may be unable to make payments as they become due, unless the loan is well secured and in the process 
of collection. Interest income on mortgage and commercial loans is discontinued and placed on nonaccrual status at the time the 
loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well secured and in process of collection. Mortgage loans and commercial loans are 
charged off to the extent principal or interest is deemed uncollectible. Consumer loans continue to accrue interest until they are 
charged off, generally between 90 and 120 days past due, unless the loan is in the process of collection.  All interest accrued, 
but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off, is reversed against interest income.  Interest received on 

F-15

nonaccrual loans is applied against principal until the loans are returned to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status 
when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.  

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans

Under  the  current  expected  credit  loss  model,  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  (“ACL”)  on  loans  is  a  valuation  allowance 
estimated at each balance sheet date in accordance with GAAP that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present 
the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. 

The Company estimates the ACL on loans based on the underlying loans’ amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which 
the financing receivable is originated or acquired, adjusted for applicable accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and 
net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, and charge-offs. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, the 
Company  has  policies  in  place  to  reverse  accrued  interest  in  a  timely  manner.  Therefore,  the  Company  has  made  a  policy 
election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of ACL.  Accrued interest receivable on loans is reported in other 
assets  on  the  consolidated  balance  sheets  and  totaled  $79.2  million  and  $69.3  million  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022, 
respectively.   

Expected  credit  losses  are  reflected  in  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  through  a  charge  to  provision  for  credit  losses.  The 
Company measures expected credit losses of loans on a collective (pool) basis, when the loans share similar risk characteristics. 
Depending on the nature of the pool of loans with similar risk characteristics, the Company estimates a quantitative component 
which currently uses the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method or the PD×LGD method which may be adjusted for qualitative 
factors as discussed further below. 

The Company’s methodologies for estimating the ACL consider available relevant information about the collectability of cash 
flows,  including  information  about  past  events,  current  conditions,  and  reasonable  and  supportable  forecasts.  The 
methodologies  apply  historical  loss  information,  adjusted  for  asset-specific  characteristics,  economic  conditions  at  the 
measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions over a period that has been determined to be reasonable and 
supportable,  to  the  identified  pools  of  loans  with  similar  risk  characteristics  for  which  the  historical  loss  experience  was 
observed. The Company’s methodologies revert back to historical loss information on a straight-line basis over four quarters 
when it can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts. 

The Company has identified the following pools of loans with similar risk characteristics for measuring expected credit losses: 

Commercial, financial, and agricultural - These loans and leases include both secured and unsecured borrowings for working 
capital,  expansion,  crop  production,  equipment  finance  and  other  business  purposes.  Commercial,  financial  and  agricultural 
loans  also  include  certain  U.S.  Small  Business  Administration  (“SBA”)  loans,  including  loans  outstanding  under  the  SBA's 
Paycheck  Protection  Program.  Short-term  working  capital  loans  are  secured  by  non-real  estate  collateral  such  as  accounts 
receivable, crops, inventory and equipment. The Bank evaluates the financial strength, cash flow, management, credit history of 
the  borrower  and  the  quality  of  the  collateral  securing  the  loan.  The  Bank  often  requires  personal  guarantees  and  secondary 
sources of repayment on commercial, financial and agricultural loans.

Consumer -  These  loans  include home improvement loans,  direct automobile loans,  boat and recreational vehicle financing, 
personal lines of credit, and both secured and unsecured personal loans. Consumer loans carry greater risks than other loans, as 
the collateral can consist of rapidly depreciating assets such as automobiles and equipment that may not provide an adequate 
source of repayment of the loan in the case of default.

Indirect automobile - Indirect automobile loans are secured by automobile collateral, generally new and used cars and trucks 
from auto dealers that operate within selected states.  Repayment of these loans depends largely on the personal income of the 
borrowers  which  can  be  affected  by  changes  in  economic  conditions  such  as  unemployment  levels.    Collateral  consists  of 
rapidly depreciating assets that may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the loan in the event of default.  

Mortgage  warehouse  -  Mortgage  warehouse  facilities  are  provided  to  unaffiliated  mortgage  origination  companies  and  are 
collateralized by one-to-four family residential loans or mortgage servicing rights. The originator closes new mortgage loans 
with the intent to sell these loans to third party investors for a profit. The Bank provides funding to the mortgage companies for 
the period between the origination and their sale of the loan. The Bank has a policy that requires that it separately validate that 
each residential mortgage loan was underwritten consistent with the underwriting requirements of the final investor or market 
standards prior to advancing funds. The Bank is repaid with the proceeds received from sale of the mortgage loan to the final 
investor.

F-16

Municipal  -  Municipal  loans  consists  of  loans  made  to  counties,  municipalities  and  political  subdivisions.    The  source  of 
repayment for these loans is either general revenue of the municipality or revenues of the project being financed by the loan.  
These loans may be secured by real estate, machinery, equipment or assignment of certain revenues.  

Premium Finance - Premium finance provides loans for the acquisition of certain commercial insurance policies.  Repayment of 
these loans is dependent on the cash flow of the insured which can be affected by changes in economic conditions. The Bank 
has procedures in place to cancel the insurance policy after default by the borrower to minimize the risk of loss.  

Real  Estate  -  Construction  and  Development  -  Construction  and  development  loans  include  loans  for  the  development  of 
residential neighborhoods, one-to-four family home residential construction loans to builders and consumers, and commercial 
real  estate  construction  loans,  primarily  for  owner-occupied  and  investment  properties.  The  Company  limits  its  construction 
lending risk through adherence to established underwriting procedures.

Real Estate - Commercial and Farmland - Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by owner-occupied commercial 
buildings  for  office,  storage,  retail,  farmland  and  warehouse  space.  They  also  include  non-owner  occupied  commercial 
buildings such as leased retail and office space. Lodging (hotel / motel) loans are a subsegment of commercial real estate loans.  
Commercial real estate loans may be larger in size and may involve a greater degree of risk than one-to-four family residential 
mortgage loans. Payments on such loans are often dependent on successful operation or management of the properties.

Real Estate - Residential - The Company's  residential loans  include permanent mortgage financing  and  home equity lines  of 
credit  secured  by  residential  properties  located  within  the  Bank's  market  areas.    Residential  real  estate  loans  also  include 
purchased loan pools secured by residential properties located outside the Bank's market area.  

Discounted Cash Flow Method

The  Company  uses  the  discounted  cash  flow  method  to  estimate  expected  credit  losses  for  the  commercial,  financial  and 
agricultural,  consumer,  real  estate  -  construction  and  development,  real  estate  -  commercial  and  farmland  and  real  estate  - 
residential  loan  segments.  For  each  of  these  loan  segments,  the  Company  generates  cash  flow  projections  at  the  loan  level 
wherein  payment  expectations  are  adjusted  for  estimated  prepayment  speed,  curtailments,  time  to  recovery,  probability  of 
default,  and  loss  given  default.  The  modeling  of  expected  prepayment  speeds  and  curtailment  rates  are  based  on  historical 
internal  data.  The  prepayment  speeds  additionally  utilize  a  forward-looking  third-party  prepayment  model,  which  considers 
current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. 

The Company uses regression analysis of historical internal and peer loss data to determine suitable macroeconomic variables 
to  utilize  when  modeling  lifetime  probability  of  default  and  loss  given  default.  This  analysis  also  determines  how  expected 
probability of default and loss given default will react to forecasted levels of the macroeconomic variables over a reasonable 
and supportable forecast period.  For all loan pools utilizing the DCF method, the Company uses a combination of national and 
regional data including gross domestic product, commercial real estate price indices, home price indices, unemployment rates, 
retail sales, and rental vacancy rates depending on  the nature of  the underlying loan  pool  and  how  well that macroeconomic 
variable correlates to expected future losses. 

For all DCF models, management has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and 
reverts  back  to  a  historical  loss  rate  over  four  quarters  on  a  straight-line  basis.  Management  leverages  economic  projections 
comprising  multiple  weighted  scenarios  from  a  reputable  and  independent  third  party  to  inform  its  macroeconomic  variable 
forecasts over the four-quarter forecast period. 

The  combination  of  adjustments  for  credit  expectations  (default  and  loss)  and  timing  expectations  (prepayment,  curtailment, 
and  time  to  recovery)  produces  an  expected  cash  flow  stream  at  the  loan  level.  Loan  effective  yield  is  calculated,  net  of  the 
impacts of prepayment assumptions, and the loan expected cash flows are then discounted at that effective yield to produce a 
loan-level net present value of expected cash flows (“NPV”). An ACL is established for the difference between the loan’s NPV 
and amortized cost basis.

PD×LGD Method

The Company uses the PD×LGD method to estimate expected credit losses (“EL”) for the indirect automobile, municipal and 
premium finance loan segments. Under the PD×LGD method, the loss rate is a function of two components: (1) the lifetime 
default rate (“PD”); and (2) the loss given default (“LGD”). For the indirect automobile and premium finance loan segments, 
calculations  of  lifetime  default  rates  and  corresponding  loss  given  default  rates  of  static  pools  are  performed.  The  PD×LGD 
method  uses  the  default  rates  and  loss  given  default  rates  of  different  static  pools  to  quantify  the  relationship  between  those 

F-17

rates and the credit mix of the pools and applies that relationship on a going forward basis.  The Company has not incurred any 
historical  defaults  or  charge  offs  in  its  municipal  portfolio.    Therefore,  in  lieu  of  historical  loss  rates,  the  Company  applies 
historical benchmarking PD and LGD ratios provided by a reputable and independent third party to the current municipal loan 
balance.

Qualitative Factors

The Company uses qualitative factors for model limitations and risk uncertainty as well as for loan segment specific risks that 
cannot  be  addressed  in  the  quantitative  methods.    Any  additional  qualitative  factor  reserves  needed  will  be  approved  by  the 
Allowance Committee quarterly. Sources for quantitative metrics for qualitative factor adjustments include, but are not limited 
to, third-party economic and forecast analysis, default rate & loss studies, academic studies, historical loss rate benchmarking 
(internal & external) and statistical modeling and adjustments.

Individually Evaluated Assets

Loans  that  do  not  share  risk  characteristics  are  evaluated  on  an  individual  basis.  For  collateral  dependent  loans  where  the 
Company  has  determined  that  foreclosure  of  the  collateral  is  probable,  or  where  the  borrower  is  experiencing  financial 
difficulty  and  the  Company  expects  repayment  of  the  loan  to  be  provided  substantially  through  the  operation  or  sale  of  the 
collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of 
the loan as of the measurement date. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, expected credit 
losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the present value of expected cash 
flows from the operation of the collateral. The Company may, in the alternative, measure the expected credit loss as the amount 
by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the estimated fair value of the collateral.  When repayment is expected to 
be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized costs basis of the 
loan exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell. The ACL may be zero if the fair value of the 
collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of the loan.

The Company’s estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the loans. The contractual 
term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company has identified an expected modification. 

The Company periodically provides modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications include 
either payment deferrals, term extensions, interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness or combinations of modification types. 
The determination of whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of the modification. When 
principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of principal forgiveness is charged off against the allowance for credit losses with 
a corresponding reduction in the amortized cost basis of the loan.  Modifications are evaluated to determine if the restructuring 
results in more than a minor modification, considered to be a change in present value of remaining cash flows under the original 
instrument and under the modified terms.  If the modification is determined to be more than minor, the modification is booked 
as a new loan and any existing deferred fees or costs are recognized immediately.  Otherwise, the modification is booked as a 
continuation of the existing loan.

Charge-offs and Recoveries

Loan  losses  are  charged  against  the  allowance  when  management  believes  the  collection  of  a  loan’s  principal  is 
unlikely. Subsequent recoveries are credited to the allowance. Consumer loans are charged-off in accordance with the Federal 
Financial Institutions Examination Council’s (“FFIEC”) Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy. 
Commercial  loans  are  charged-off  when  they  are  deemed  uncollectible,  which  usually  involves  a  triggering  event  within  the 
collection effort. If the loan is collateral dependent, the loss is more easily identified and is charged-off when it is identified, 
usually  based  upon  receipt  of  an  appraisal.  However,  when  a  loan  has  guarantor  support,  and  the  guarantor  demonstrates 
willingness  and  capacity  to  support  the  debt,  the  Company  may  carry  the  estimated  loss  as  a  reserve  against  the  loan  while 
collection efforts with the guarantor are pursued. If, after collection efforts with the guarantor are complete, the deficiency is 
still considered uncollectible, the loss is charged-off and any further collections are treated as recoveries. In all situations, when 
a loan is downgraded to a loan risk rating of 9 (Loss per the regulatory guidance), the uncollectible portion is charged-off.

Loan Commitments and Financial Instruments

Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters 
of credit issued to meet customer financing needs. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by 
the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of 
those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

F-18

The Company records an allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures, unless the commitments to extend 
credit are unconditionally cancelable, through a charge to provision for unfunded commitments in the Company’s consolidated 
statements of income. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date 
under  the  current  expected  credit  loss  model  using  the  same  methodologies  as  portfolio  loans,  taking  into  consideration  the 
likelihood that funding will occur as well as any third-party guarantees and is included in other liabilities on the Company’s 
consolidated balance sheets.

Premises and Equipment

Land  is  carried  at  cost.  Other  premises  and  equipment  are  carried  at  cost,  less  accumulated  depreciation  computed  on  the 
straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. In general, estimated lives for buildings are up to 40 years, 
furniture  and  equipment  useful  lives  range  from  three  to  20  years  and  the  lives  of  software  and  computer  related  equipment 
range from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the related lease, or the related assets, 
whichever  is  shorter.  Expenditures  for  major  improvements  of  the  Company’s  premises  and  equipment  are  capitalized  and 
depreciated  over  their  estimated  useful  lives.  Minor  repairs,  maintenance  and  improvements  are  charged  to  operations  as 
incurred. When assets are sold or disposed of, their cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts 
and any gain or loss is reflected in earnings.

Leases

The Company has entered into various operating leases for certain branch locations, ATM locations, loan production offices, 
and corporate support services locations. Generally, these leases have initial lease terms of 13 years or less.  Many of the leases 
have one or more lease renewal options.  The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion.  The Company does not 
consider exercise of any lease renewal options reasonably certain.  Certain of our lease agreements contain early termination 
options.  No renewal options or early termination options have been included in the calculation of the operating right-of-use 
assets  or  operating  lease  liabilities.    Certain  of  our  lease  agreements  provide  for  periodic  adjustments  to  rental  payments  for 
inflation.  At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes a lease liability at the present value of the lease 
payments not yet paid, discounted using the discount rate for the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.  As the 
majority  of  the  Company's  leases  do  not  provide  an  implicit  rate,  the  Company  uses  its  incremental  borrowing  rate  at  the 
commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.  The incremental borrowing rate is based on the term 
of the lease.  Incremental borrowing rates on January 1, 2019 were used for operating leases that commenced prior to that date.  
At  the  commencement  date,  the  company  also  recognizes  a  right-of-use  asset  measured  at  (i)  the  initial  measurement  of  the 
lease  liability;  (ii)  any  lease  payments  made  to  the  lessor  at  or  before  the  commencement  date  less  any  lease  incentives 
received; and (iii) any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded 
on the balance sheet.  For these short-term leases, lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.  At 
December 31, 2023, the Company had no leases classified as finance leases.  

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill  represents  the  excess  of  cost  over  the  fair  value  of  the  net  assets  purchased  in  business  combinations.  Goodwill  is 
required to be tested annually for impairment or whenever events occur that may indicate that the recoverability of the carrying 
amount  is  not  probable.  In  the  event  of  an  impairment,  the  amount  by  which  the  carrying  amount  exceeds  the  fair  value  is 
charged to earnings. The Company performs its annual impairment testing of goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year.  Refer 
to Note 6 for additional information related to goodwill.

Intangible  assets  include  core  deposit  premiums  from  various  past  bank  acquisitions  as  well  as  intangible  assets  recorded  in 
connection  with  certain  non-bank  acquisitions  for  referral  relationships,  trade  names,  non-compete  agreements  and  patent 
assets.  Intangible assets are initially recognized based on a valuation performed as of the acquisition date.

Core  deposit  premiums  acquired  in  various  past  bank  acquisitions  are  based  on  the  established  value  of  acquired  customer 
deposits. The core deposit premium is amortized over an estimated useful life of seven to ten years. 

The referral relationship intangibles are amortized over an estimated useful life of eight to ten years.  Trade name intangible 
assets are being amortized over an estimated useful life of five to seven years.  Non-compete agreement and patent intangible 
assets are being amortized over estimated useful lives of three years and ten years, respectively.

Amortization periods for intangible assets are reviewed annually in connection with the annual impairment testing of goodwill. 

F-19

Cash Value of Bank Owned Life Insurance

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain officers. The life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be 
realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or 
other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Other Real Estate Owned

Foreclosed assets acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less 
estimated cost to sell. Any write-down to fair value at the time of transfer to foreclosed assets is charged to the allowance for 
credit losses. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the 
lower  of  carrying  amount  or  fair  value  less  cost  to  sell.  Costs  of  improvements  are  capitalized  up  to  the  fair  value  of  the 
property, whereas costs relating to holding foreclosed assets and subsequent adjustments to the value are charged to operations 
in credit resolution-related expenses in the consolidated statements of income. 

Income Taxes

Deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  the  expected  future  tax  amounts  for  temporary  differences  between  carrying 
amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates.

In the event the future tax consequences of differences between the financial reporting bases and the tax bases of the assets and 
liabilities results in deferred tax assets, an evaluation of the probability of being able to realize the future benefits indicated by 
such assets is required. A valuation allowance is provided for the portion of the deferred tax asset when it is more likely than 
not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing the realizability of the deferred tax assets, 
management  considers  the  scheduled  reversals  of  deferred  tax  liabilities,  projected  future  taxable  income  and  tax  planning 
strategies.

The  Company  evaluates  income  tax  positions  using  the  recognition  and  cumulative  probability  measurement  thresholds.  The 
Company includes the current and deferred tax effects of its tax positions in the financial statements only when it is more likely 
than not that the position would be sustained based on their technical merits. For positions that meet that recognition threshold, 
the Company utilizes the cumulative probability measurement and records the largest amount, considering possible settlement 
outcomes, that is greater than 50% likely of realization upon settlement with the taxing authorities. In determining whether it is 
more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained based on its technical merits as of the reporting date, the Company 
assumes the taxing authority will examine the position and have full knowledge of all relevant information.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in other noninterest expenses.

Loss Contingencies

Loss  contingencies,  including  claims  and  legal  actions  arising  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  are  recorded  as  liabilities 
when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.

Share-Based Compensation

The  Company  accounts  for  its  stock  compensation  plans  using  a  fair  value  based  method  whereby  compensation  cost  is 
measured  at  the  grant  date  based  on  the  value  of  the  award  and  is  recognized  over  the  service  period,  which  is  usually  the 
vesting  period.  The  Company  recorded  approximately  $10.0  million,  $6.7  million,  and  $7.9  million  of  share-based 
compensation cost for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company recognizes forfeitures 
as they occur. 

Treasury Stock

The Company’s repurchases of shares of its common stock are recorded at cost as treasury stock and result in a reduction of 
shareholders' equity.

Earnings Per Share

Basic  earnings  per  share  are  computed  by  dividing  net  income  by  the  weighted-average  number  of  shares  of  common  stock 
outstanding  during  the  period.  Diluted  earnings  per  common  share  are  computed  by  dividing  net  income  by  the  sum  of  the 

F-20

weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding and the effect of the issuance of potential common shares that 
are  dilutive.  Potential  common  shares  consist  of  stock  options  and  restricted  shares  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023, 
2022  and  2021,  and  are  determined  using  the  treasury  stock  method.  The  Company  has  determined  that  certain  of  its 
outstanding non-vested stock awards are participating securities, since all dividends on these awards are paid similar to other 
dividends. The difference between earnings per share calculated under the treasury method versus under the two class method 
which is required when participating securities exist is immaterial.

Presented below is a summary of the components used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share.

(dollars in thousands)

Years Ended December 31,
2022

2021

2023

Net income available to common shareholders

$ 

269,105  $ 

346,540  $ 

376,913 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Effect of dilutive stock options
Effect of dilutive restricted stock awards

Effect of performance stock units
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate diluted 
earnings per share

68,977,453 
45 
62,534 

64,126 

69,193,591 
17,276 
79,536 

129,318 

69,431,860 
61,705 
143,001 

124,828 

69,104,158 

69,419,721 

69,761,394 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there were no anti-dilutive securities excluded from the computation of 
earnings per share.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The goal of the Company’s interest rate risk management process is to minimize the volatility in the net interest margin caused 
by changes in interest rates. Derivative instruments are used to hedge certain assets or liabilities as a part of this process. The 
Company is required to recognize certain contracts and commitments as derivatives when the characteristics of those contracts 
and commitments meet the definition of a derivative. All derivative instruments are required to be carried at fair value on the 
balance sheet.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

The Company maintains a risk management program to manage interest rate risk and pricing risk associated with its mortgage 
lending activities. Commitments to fund mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward 
commitments for the future delivery of these mortgage loans are accounted for as free standing derivatives. The fair value of the 
interest rate lock is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected 
exercise  of  the  commitment  before  the  loan  is  funded.  In  order  to  hedge  the  change  in  interest  rates  resulting  from  its 
commitments to fund the loans, the Company enters into forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans when 
interest  rate  locks  are  entered  into.  Fair  values  of  these  mortgage  derivatives  are  estimated  based  on  changes  in  mortgage 
interest  rates  from  the  date  the  interest  on  the  loan  is  locked.  Changes  in  the  fair  values  of  these  derivatives  are  included  in 
mortgage banking activity in the Company's consolidated statement of income. 

Customer Derivatives

The Company also enters into interest rate derivative agreements to facilitate the risk management strategies of certain clients. 
The  Company  mitigates  this  risk  by  entering  into  equal  and  offsetting  interest  rate  swap  agreements  with  highly  rated  third-
party financial institutions. The interest rate derivative agreements are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value 
with  any  unrealized  gain  or  loss  recorded  in  other  noninterest  income  in  the  Company's  consolidated  statements  of  income. 
These instruments, and their offsetting positions, are recorded in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance 
sheets.

Risk Participation Agreements

The  Company  also  may  enter  into  risk  participation  agreements  with  a  financial  institution  counterparty  for  an  interest  rate 
derivative  contract  related  to  a  loan  in  which  the  Company  may  be  a  participant  or  the  agent  bank.  The  risk  participation 
agreement  provides  credit  protection  to  the  agent  bank  should  the  borrower  fail  to  perform  on  its  interest  rate  derivative 
contracts  with  the  agent  bank.  The  Company  manages  its  credit  risk  on  risk  participation  agreements  by  monitoring  the 
creditworthiness of the borrower, which follows the same credit review process as derivative instruments entered into directly 

F-21

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
with the borrower. The notional amount of a risk participation agreement reflects the Company's pro rata share of the derivative 
instrument, consistent with its share of the related participated loan. Changes in the fair value of the risk participation agreement 
are recognized directly into earnings. 

Revenue Recognition

With the exception of gains/losses on the sale of OREO discussed below, revenue from contracts with customers ("ASC 606 
Revenue")  is  recorded  in  the  service  charges  on  deposit  accounts  category,  the  other  service  charges,  commissions  and  fees 
category and the other noninterest income category in the Company's consolidated statement of income as part of noninterest 
income.  Substantially all ASC 606 Revenue is recorded in the Banking Division. 

Debit Card Interchange Fees - The Company earns debit card interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions conducted 
through  various  payment  networks.  Interchange  fees  from  debit  cardholders  transactions  represent  a  percentage  of  the 
underlying transaction amount and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the 
debit cardholder.

Overdraft Fees - Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs.  

Other Service Charges on Deposit Accounts - Other service charges on deposit accounts include both transaction-based fees 
and  account  maintenance  fees.  Transaction  based  fees,  which  include  wire  transfer  fees,  stop  payment  charges,  statement 
rendering,  and  automated  clearing  house  ("ACH")    fees,  are  recognized  at  the  time  the  transaction  is  executed  as  that  is  the 
point  in  time  the  Company  fulfills  the  customer's  request.  Account  maintenance  fees,  which  relate  primarily  to  monthly 
maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance 
obligation. 

ATM Fees - Transaction-based ATM usage fees are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point at 
which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. 

Gains on the Sale of OREO - The net gains and losses on sales of OREO are recorded in credit resolution related expenses in 
the Company's consolidated statement of income.  The Company records a gain or loss from the sale of OREO when control of 
the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed.  When the Company finances the 
sale  of  OREO  to  the  buyer,  the  Company  assesses  whether  the  buyer  is  committed  to  perform  their  obligations  under  the 
contract  and  whether  collectability  of  the  transaction  price  is  probable.  Once  these  criteria  are  met,  the  OREO  asset  is 
derecognized and the gain on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. The Company does not 
provide financing for the sale of OREO unless these criteria are met and the OREO can be derecognized.  

Trust and Wealth Management - Trust and wealth management income is primarily comprised of fees earned from personal 
trust  administration,  estate  settlement,  investment  management,  employee  benefit  plan  administration,  custody,  United  States 
tax code sections 1031/1033 exchanges ("Sections 1031/1033 exchanges") and escrow accounts. Personal trust administration, 
investment  management,  employee  benefit  plan  administration  and  custody  fees  are  generally  earned/accrued  monthly  with 
billings typically done monthly, and are based on the assets/trust under management or administration and services with certain 
annual minimum fees provided as outlined in the applicable fee schedule. Sections 1031/1033 exchanges and escrow accounts 
fees  are  based  on  a  contractual  agreement.  The  Company’s  fiduciary  obligations  are  generally  satisfied  over  time  and  the 
resulting fees are recognized monthly, based upon the monthly average market value of the assets under management and the 
applicable  fee  rate.  Payment  is  typically  received  in  the  following  month.  The  Company  does  not  earn  performance-based 
incentives.

Comprehensive Income

The Company’s comprehensive income consists of net income and changes in the net unrealized holding gains and losses of 
securities available-for-sale. These amounts are carried in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated 
statements of comprehensive income and are presented net of taxes.

Fair Value Measures

Fair  values  of  assets  and  liabilities  are  estimated  using  relevant  market  information  and  other  assumptions,  as  more  fully 
disclosed  in  Note  17.  Fair  value  estimates  involve  uncertainties  and  matters  of  significant  judgment  regarding  interest  rates, 
credit  risk,  prepayments,  and  other  factors,  especially  in  the  absence  of  broad  markets  for  particular  assets  and  liabilities. 
Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

F-22

Operating Segments

The  Company  has  five  reportable  segments,  the  Banking  Division,  the  Retail  Mortgage  Division,  the  Warehouse  Lending 
Division, the SBA Division and the Premium Finance Division. The Banking Division derives its revenues from the delivery of 
full service financial services to include commercial loans, consumer loans and deposit accounts. The Retail Mortgage Division 
derives its revenues from the origination, sales and servicing of one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. The Warehouse 
Lending Division derives its revenues from the origination and servicing of warehouse lines to other businesses that are secured 
by  underlying  one-to-four  family  residential  mortgage  loans  and  residential  mortgage  servicing  rights.  The  SBA  Division 
derives its revenues from the origination, sales and servicing of SBA loans. The Premium Finance Division derives its revenues 
from the origination and servicing of commercial insurance premium finance loans.  

The Banking, Retail Mortgage, Warehouse Lending, SBA and Premium Finance Divisions are managed as separate business 
units because of the different products and services they provide. The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources 
based on profit or loss from operations. There are no material intersegment sales or transfers.

Variable Interest Entities

The Company has assumed certain securitization transactions which involve the use of variable interest entities ("VIE"). A VIE 
is  consolidated  when  it  is  determined  to  be  the  primary  beneficiary.  When  a  company  has  a  variable  interest  in  a  VIE,  it 
qualitatively assesses whether it has a controlling financial interest in the entity and, if so, whether it is the primary beneficiary. 
In  applying  the  qualitative  assessment  to  identify  the  primary  beneficiary  of  a  VIE,  the  company  is  determined  to  have  a 
controlling  financial  interest  if  it  has  (i)  the  power  to  direct  the  activities  that  most  significantly  impact  the  economic 
performance  of  the  VIE,  and  (ii)  the  obligation  to  absorb  losses  or  the  right  to  receive  benefits  that  could  potentially  be 
significant to the VIE. The Company considers the VIE's purpose and design, including the risks that the entity was designed to 
create and pass through to its variable interest holders.

Economic interest in the securitized and sold assets are generally retained in the form of senior or subordinated interest, cash 
reserve accounts, residual interest and servicing rights.  The Company was determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE 
and  the  VIEs  are  consolidated  in  the  Company's  financial  statements.    The  securitizations  are  accounted  for  as  secured 
borrowings. Each of the securitization facilities was fully redeemed in January 2022.  

The  investors  in  the  securitizations  generally  have  no  recourse  to  the  Company's  other  assets  outside  the  customary  market 
representation and warranty provisions.

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023 

ASU No. 2022-02 – Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures 
("ASU 2022-02"). ASU 2022-02 eliminates the troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") measurement and recognition guidance and 
requires that entities evaluate whether the modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan consistent 
with the accounting for other loan modifications.  Additional disclosures relating to modifications to borrowers experiencing 
financial difficulty are required under ASU 2022-02.  ASU 2022-02 also requires disclosure of current-period gross write-offs 
by  year  of  origination.    The  Company  adopted  this  ASU  effective  January  1,  2023  on  a  prospective  basis,  except  for  the 
amendments related to recognition and measurement of TDRs, which were adopted using the modified retrospective method. 
The adoption was not material and resulted in a reduction to the allowance for credit losses of $1.7 million and an increase to 
retained earnings of $1.3 million.

ASU No. 2022-06 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. ASU No. 2022-06 extends 
the temporary relief in Topic 848 from December  31, 2022  to December  31, 2024. Topic 848 provides optional guidance to 
ease  the  potential  burden  in  accounting  for  or  recognizing  the  effects  of  reference  rate  reform  on  financial  reporting.  The 
objective of this guidance is to provide temporary relief during the transition period away from LIBOR toward new interest rate 
benchmarks. This update was effective upon issuance. The Company adopted the guidance in Topic 848 effective January 1, 
2023 and the adoption was not material to the consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption

ASU  No.  2023-07  –  Segment  Reporting  (Topic  280):  Improvements  to  Reportable  Segment  Disclosures  ("ASU  2023-07"). 
ASU  2023-07  enhances  segment  disclosures  to  include  significant  segment  expenses,  disclose  the  amount  of  and  provide  a 
description of its composition a category of other segment items for items not included in significant segment expenses, require 
previous annual disclosures in interim periods and identify the position and title of the chief operating decision maker. ASU 

F-23

2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning 
after December 15, 2024. The amendments of ASU 2023-07 should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the 
financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the guidance and it is not expected to have a significant impact on 
the Company's financial position or results of operations but will increase disclosures of reporting segments.

ASU No. 2023-09 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09").  ASU No. 2023-09 
provides for enhanced income tax disclosures by, among other things, requiring specific breakout of certain categories in the 
reconciliation  of  statutory  income  tax  rate  to  effective  rate,  establishing  a  quantitative  threshold  for  further  breakout  of 
reconciling items exceeding the threshold and not already required to be separately disclosed, requiring a qualitative description 
of  the  state  and  local  jurisdictions  making  up  the  majority  (greater  than  50%)  of  the  effect  of  state  and  local  income  taxes 
category, and provide further disaggregation of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) by jurisdiction.  ASU 2023-09 is 
effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2024.    Early  adoption  is  permitted.    The  Company  is  currently 
evaluating  the  guidance  and  it  is  not  expected  to  have  a  significant  impact  on  the  Company's  financial  position  or  results  of 
operations but will increase disclosures of income taxes.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of prior year amounts have been made to conform with the current year presentations.

NOTE 2. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Balboa Capital Corporation

On December 13, 2021, the Company announced the acquisition of Balboa Capital Corporation ("Balboa"), a point of sale and 
direct online provider of lending solutions to small and mid-sized businesses nationwide.  The acquisition was not material to 
the financial results of the Company.  Goodwill of $87.6 million and other intangibles of $68.9 million were recorded in the 
acquisition.  None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.  

NOTE 3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The  amortized  cost  and  estimated  fair  value  of  securities  available-for-sale  along  with  allowance  for  credit  losses,  gross 
unrealized gains and losses are summarized as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
Securities available-for-sale
December 31, 2023
U.S. Treasuries
U.S. government-sponsored agencies
State, county and municipal securities
Corporate debt securities
SBA pool securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Total debt securities available-for-sale

December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasuries
U.S. government-sponsored agencies
State, county and municipal securities
Corporate debt securities
SBA pool securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Total debt securities available-for-sale

Amortized 
Cost

Allowance for 
Credit Losses

Gross 
Unrealized 
Gains

Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses

Estimated
Fair
Value

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

732,636  $ 
1,023 
28,986 
10,946 
53,033 
621,013 
1,447,637  $ 

775,784  $ 
1,036 
35,358 
16,397 
29,422 
701,008 
1,559,005  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
(69) 
— 
— 
(69)  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
(75) 
— 
— 
(75)  $ 

34  $ 
— 
9 
— 
2 
67 
112  $ 

131  $ 

— 
17 
— 
3 
113 
264  $ 

(11,793)  $ 
(38) 
(944) 
(850) 
(1,519) 
(29,592) 
(44,736)  $ 

(16,381)  $ 
(57) 
(1,180) 
(396) 
(2,027) 
(39,093) 
(59,134)  $ 

720,877 
985 
28,051 
10,027 
51,516 
591,488 
1,402,944 

759,534 
979 
34,195 
15,926 
27,398 
662,028 
1,500,060 

F-24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  amortized  cost  and  estimated  fair  value  of  securities  held-to-maturity  along  with  gross  unrealized  gains  and  losses  are 
summarized as follows: 

(dollars in thousands)
Securities held-to-maturity
December 31, 2023
State, county and municipal securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Total debt securities held-to-maturity

December 31, 2022
State, county and municipal securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Total debt securities held-to-maturity

Amortized
Cost

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
Fair
Value

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

31,905  $ 

109,607 
141,512  $ 

31,905  $ 

102,959 
134,864  $ 

—  $ 
— 
—  $ 

(5,051)  $ 

(13,730) 
(18,781)  $ 

26,854 
95,877 
122,731 

—  $ 
— 
—  $ 

(5,380)  $ 

(14,946) 
(20,326)  $ 

26,525 
88,013 
114,538 

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity as of December 31, 2023, 
by  contractual  maturity  are  shown  below.  Maturities  may  differ  from  contractual  maturities  in  mortgage-backed  securities 
because the mortgages underlying  the securities may  be called or repaid  without penalty.   Therefore, these securities  are not 
included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary.  

(dollars in thousands)

Due in one year or less

Due from one year to five years

Due from five to ten years

Due after ten years

Mortgage-backed securities

Available-for-Sale

Held-to-Maturity

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair
Value

Amortized
Cost

Estimated
Fair
Value

$ 

331,452  $ 

329,133  $ 

—  $ 

436,955 

9,253 

48,964 

621,013 

426,410 

8,764 

47,149 

591,488 

— 

— 

31,905 

109,607 

— 

— 

— 

26,854 

95,877 

$ 

1,447,637  $ 

1,402,944  $ 

141,512  $ 

122,731 

Securities  with  a  carrying  value  of  approximately  $532.6  million  and  $861.6  million  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022, 
respectively, serve as collateral to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for other purposes 
required or permitted by law.

The  following  table  shows  the  gross  unrealized  losses  and  estimated  fair  value  of  available-for-sale  securities  aggregated  by 
category and length of time that securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(dollars in thousands)
Securities available-for-sale
December 31, 2023
U.S. Treasuries
U.S. government-sponsored agencies
State, county and municipal securities
Corporate debt securities
SBA pool securities
Mortgage-backed securities

Less Than 12 Months

12 Months or More

Total

Estimated
Fair
Value

Unrealized 
Losses

Estimated
Fair
Value

Unrealized 
Losses

Estimated
Fair
Value

Unrealized 
Losses

$  159,667  $ 

(827)  $  537,313  $ 

(10,966)  $  696,980  $ 

— 
1,923 
500 
42 
126 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

985 
19,754 
8,527 
21,267 
566,707 

(38) 
(944) 
(850) 
(1,519) 
(29,592) 

985 
21,677 
9,027 
21,309 
566,833 

(11,793) 
(38) 
(944) 
(850) 
(1,519) 
(29,592) 

Total debt securities

$  162,258  $ 

(827)  $  1,154,553  $ 

(43,909)  $  1,316,811  $ 

(44,736) 

F-25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
Securities available-for-sale

December 31, 2022
U.S. Treasuries
U. S. government sponsored agencies
State, county and municipal securities
Corporate debt securities
SBA pool securities
Mortgage-backed securities

Less Than 12 Months

12 Months or More

Total

Estimated
Fair
Value

Unrealized 
Losses

Estimated
Fair
Value

Unrealized 
Losses

Estimated
Fair
Value

Unrealized 
Losses

$  725,250  $ 

979 
27,438 
13,271 
17,806 
620,544 

(16,381)  $ 
(57) 
(1,180) 
(126) 
(1,298) 
(37,774) 

—  $ 
— 
— 
1,155 
9,329 
16,847 

—  $  725,250  $ 
— 
— 
(270) 
(729) 
(1,319) 

979 
27,438 
14,426 
27,135 
637,391 

(16,381) 
(57) 
(1,180) 
(396) 
(2,027) 
(39,093) 

Total debt securities

$  1,405,288  $ 

(56,816)  $ 

27,331  $ 

(2,318)  $  1,432,619  $ 

(59,134) 

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s available-for-sale security portfolio consisted of 412 securities, 396 of which were in 
an  unrealized  loss  position.  At  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  held  310  mortgage-backed  securities  that  were  in  an 
unrealized loss position. At December 31, 2023, the Company also held 30 SBA pool securities, 22 state, county and municipal 
securities, seven corporate securities, 26 U.S. treasury securities and one U.S. government-sponsored agency security that were 
in an unrealized loss position. 

The  following  table  shows  the  gross  unrealized  losses  and  estimated  fair  value  of  held-to-maturity  securities  aggregated  by 
category and length of time that securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

(dollars in thousands)
Securities held-to-maturity
December 31, 2023
State, county and municipal securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Total debt securities held-to-maturity

December 31, 2022
State, county and municipal securities
Mortgage-backed securities

Less Than 12 Months

12 Months or More

Total

Estimated
Fair
Value

Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
Fair
Value

Unrealized
Losses

Estimated
Fair
Value

Unrealized
Losses

$ 

$ 

$ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

(5,051)  $ 

26,854  $ 
82,265 

13,612 
13,612  $ 

(227) 
(227)  $  109,119  $ 

(13,503) 
(18,554)  $  122,731  $ 

26,854  $ 
95,877 

(5,051) 
(13,730) 
(18,781) 

16,512  $ 
32,471 

(1,488)  $ 
(1,925) 

10,013  $ 
55,542 

(3,892)  $ 
(13,021) 

26,525  $ 
88,013 

(5,380) 
(14,946) 

Total debt securities held-to-maturity

$ 

48,983  $ 

(3,413)  $ 

65,555  $ 

(16,913)  $  114,538  $ 

(20,326) 

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s held-to-maturity security portfolio consisted of 27 securities, all of which were in an 
unrealized loss position. At December 31, 2023, the Company held 21 mortgage-backed securities and six state, county and 
municipal securities that were in an unrealized loss position.  

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, all of the Company's mortgage-backed securities were obligations of government-sponsored 
agencies. 

Management  and  the  Company’s  Asset  and  Liability  Committee  (the  “ALCO  Committee”)  evaluates  available-for-sale 
securities in an unrealized loss position on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns 
warrant such evaluation, to determine if credit-related impairment exists. Management first evaluates whether they intend to sell 
or more likely than not will be required to sell an impaired security before recovering its amortized cost basis. If either criteria 
is  met,  the  entire  amount  of  unrealized  loss  is  recognized  in  earnings  with  a  corresponding  adjustment  to  the  security's 
amortized  cost  basis.  If  either  of  the  above  criteria  is  not  met,  management  evaluates  whether  the  decline  in  fair  value  is 
attributable  to  credit  or  resulted  from  other  factors.  The  Company  does  not  intend  to  sell  these  investment  securities  at  an 
unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these 
securities  prior  to  recovery  or  maturity.  Based  on  the  results  of  management's  review,  at  December  31,  2023,  management 
determined  $69,000  was  attributable  to  credit  impairment  and  decreased  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  accordingly.  The 
remaining  $44.7  million  in  unrealized  loss  was  determined  to  be  from  factors  other  than  credit,  primarily  changes  in  market 
interest rates.

F-26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)

Allowance for credit losses

Beginning balance

Current-period provision for expected credit losses

Ending balance

For the Years Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

75  $ 

(6) 

69  $ 

—  $ 

75 

75  $ 

112 

(112) 

— 

The Company's held-to-maturity securities have no expected credit losses and no related allowance for credit losses has been 
established.  

The following table is a summary of sales activities in the Company's investment securities available for sale:

(dollars in thousands)

Gross losses on sales of securities 

Net realized losses on sales of securities available for sale 

Sales proceeds

For the Years Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

(310)  $ 

(310)  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

5,141  $ 

—  $ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Net gain on securities reported on the consolidated statements of income is comprised of the following:

(dollars in thousands)

Net realized losses on sales of securities available-for-sale

Unrealized holding gains (losses) on equity securities

Net realized gains on sales of other investments

Net gain (loss) on securities

NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans

For the Years Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

(310)  $ 

—  $ 

6 

— 

(67) 

270 

(304)  $ 

203  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(17) 

532 

515 

Loans are stated at amortized cost. Balances within the major loans receivable categories are presented in the following table.

(dollars in thousands)

Commercial, financial and agricultural

Consumer

Indirect automobile

Mortgage warehouse

Municipal

Premium finance

Real estate – construction and development

Real estate – commercial and farmland

Real estate – residential

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

2,688,929  $ 

2,679,403 

241,552 

34,257 

818,728 

492,668 

946,562 

2,129,187 

8,059,754 

4,857,666 

$ 

20,269,303  $ 

384,037 

108,648 

1,038,924 

509,151 

1,023,479 

2,086,438 

7,604,867 

4,420,306 
19,855,253 

A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s judgment, the collection of the interest income appears doubtful. 
Interest  receivable  that  has  been  accrued  and  is  subsequently  determined  to  have  doubtful  collectability  is  charged  against 
interest income. Interest received on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is subsequently applied to principal until the loans 

F-27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
are returned to accrual status. The Company’s loan policy states that a nonaccrual loan may be returned to accrual status when 
(i)  none  of  its  principal  and  interest  is  due  and  unpaid,  and  the  Company  expects  repayment  of  the  remaining  contractual 
principal and interest, or (ii) it otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection. Restoration to accrual status on 
any  given  loan  must  be  supported  by  a  well-documented  credit  evaluation  of  the  borrower’s  financial  condition  and  the 
prospects  for  full  repayment,  approved  by  the  Company’s  Chief  Credit  Officer.  Past  due  loans  are  loans  whose  principal  or 
interest  is  past  due  30  days  or  more.  In  some  cases,  where  borrowers  are  experiencing  financial  difficulties,  loans  may  be 
restructured to provide terms significantly different from the original contractual terms.

The following table presents an analysis of loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis:

(dollars in thousands)

Commercial, financial and agricultural

Consumer

Indirect automobile

Real estate – construction and development

Real estate – commercial and farmland
Real estate – residential (1)

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

8,059  $ 

11,094 

1,153 

299 

282 

11,295 

130,029 

$ 

151,117  $ 

420 

346 

523 

13,203 

109,222 

134,808 

(1) Included in real estate - residential were $90.2 million and $69.6 million of serviced GNMA-guaranteed nonaccrual loans at 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was not material.

The following table presents an analysis of nonaccrual loans with no related allowance for credit losses:

(dollars in thousands)

Commercial, financial and agricultural

Real estate – commercial and farmland

Real estate – residential

December 31,
2023

December 31,
2022

$ 

$ 

2,049  $ 

9,109 

75,419 

86,577  $ 

33 

1,464 

58,734 

60,231 

F-28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following tables present an analysis of past-due loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

(dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2023

Commercial, financial and 
agricultural

Consumer

Indirect automobile

Mortgage warehouse

Municipal

Premium finance

Real estate – construction and 
development

Real estate – commercial and 
farmland

Real estate – residential

Loans
30-59
Days Past
Due

Loans
60-89
Days
Past Due

Loans 90
or More
Days Past
Due

Total
Loans
Past Due

Current
Loans

Total
Loans

Loans 90
Days or
More Past
Due and
Still
Accruing

$ 

11,023  $ 

5,439  $ 

9,733  $ 

26,195  $  2,662,734  $  2,688,929  $ 

5,310 

2,155 

153 

— 

— 

1,037 

17 

— 

— 

498 

78 

— 

— 

3,690 

248 

— 

— 

12,379 

6,832 

11,678 

30,889 

237,862 

241,552 

34,009 

818,728 

492,668 

915,673 

34,257 

818,728 

492,668 

946,562 

2,094 

— 

282 

2,376 

  2,126,811 

  2,129,187 

5,070 

49,976 

1,656 

6,352 

13,078 

  8,046,676 

  8,059,754 

19,300 

127,087 

196,363 

  4,661,303 

  4,857,666 

— 

— 

— 

— 

11,678 

— 

— 

— 

Total

$ 

82,850  $ 

34,281  $  155,708  $  272,839  $ 19,996,464  $ 20,269,303  $ 

16,988 

(dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2022

Commercial, financial and 
agricultural

Consumer

Indirect automobile

Mortgage warehouse

Municipal

Premium finance

Real estate – construction and 
development

Real estate – commercial and 
farmland

Real estate – residential

Loans
30-59
Days Past
Due

Loans
60-89
Days
Past Due

Loans 90
or More
Days Past
Due

Total
Loans
Past Due

Current
Loans

Total
Loans

Loans 90
Days or
More Past
Due and
Still
Accruing

$ 

16,219  $ 

5,451  $ 

11,632  $ 

33,302  $  2,646,101  $  2,679,403  $ 

3,267 

2,539 

466 

— 

— 

3,163 

77 

— 

— 

741 

267 

— 

— 

6,443 

810 

— 

— 

377,594 

107,838 

384,037 

108,648 

  1,038,924 

  1,038,924 

509,151 

509,151 

472 

— 

— 

— 

13,859 

10,620 

13,626 

38,105 

985,374 

  1,023,479 

13,626 

25,367 

3,829 

966 

30,162 

  2,056,276 

  2,086,438 

1,738 

35,015 

168 

10,223 

12,129 

  7,592,738 

  7,604,867 

11,329 

106,170 

152,514 

  4,267,792 

  4,420,306 

500 

— 

— 

Total

$ 

95,203  $ 

34,637  $  143,625  $  273,465  $ 19,581,788  $ 19,855,253  $ 

17,865 

Collateral-Dependent Loans

Collateral-dependent loans are loans where repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of 
the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty.  If the Company determines that foreclosure is probable, 
these loans are written down to the lower of cost or collateral value less estimated costs to sell.  When repayment is expected to 
be from the operation of the collateral, the allowance for credit losses is calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost 
basis of the financial asset exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral. The Company 
may, in the alternative, measure the allowance for credit loss as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial 
asset  exceeded  the  estimated  fair  value  of  the  collateral.    As  of  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  there  were  $40.4  million  and 
$41.8 million, respectively, of collateral-dependent loans which are primarily secured by real estate, equipment and receivables.

F-29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents an analysis of collateral-dependent financial assets and related allowance for credit losses:

(dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Allowance 
for Credit 
Losses

Balance

Allowance 
for Credit 
Losses

Balance

Commercial, financial and agricultural

$ 

5,889  $ 

567  $ 

7,128  $ 

6,294 

Premium finance

Real estate – construction and development

Real estate – commercial and farmland

Real estate – residential

Credit Quality Indicators

1,990 

280 

11,114 

21,102 

45 

23 

108 

2,654 

3,233 

780 

15,168 

15,464 

$ 

40,375  $ 

3,397  $ 

41,773  $ 

— 

13 

1,428 

2,066 

9,801 

The Company uses a nine category risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each loan in the portfolio. The following is a 
description of the general characteristics of the grades:

Pass (Grades 1 - 5) – These grades represent acceptable credit risk to the Company based on factors including creditworthiness 
of the borrower, current performance and nature of the collateral.

Other  Assets  Especially  Mentioned  (Grade  6)  –  This  grade  includes  loans  that  exhibit  potential  weaknesses  that  deserve 
management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for 
the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard  (Grade  7)  –  This  grade  represents  loans  which  are  inadequately  protected  by  the  current  credit  worthiness  and 
paying  capacity  of  the  borrower  or  of  the  collateral  pledged,  if  any.  These  assets  exhibit  a  well-defined  weakness  or  are 
characterized  by  the  distinct  possibility  that  the  Bank  will  sustain  some  loss  if  the  deficiencies  are  not  corrected.  These 
weaknesses may be characterized by past due performance, operating losses or questionable collateral values.

Doubtful (Grade 8) – This grade includes loans which exhibit all of the characteristics of a substandard loan with the added 
provision  that  the  weaknesses  make  collection  or  liquidation  in  full,  on  the  basis  of  currently  existing  facts,  conditions  and 
values, highly questionable or improbable.

Loss  (Grade  9)  –  This  grade  is  assigned  to  loans  which  are  considered  uncollectible  and  of  such  little  value  that  their 
continuance  as  active  assets  of  the  Bank  is  not  warranted.  This  classification  does  not  mean  that  the  loan  has  absolutely  no 
recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing it off.

The  following  table  presents  the  loan  portfolio's  amortized  cost  by  class  of  financing  receivable,  risk  grade  and  year  of 
origination  (in  thousands).    Generally,  current  period  renewals  of  credit  are  underwritten  again  at  the  point  of  renewal  and 
considered current period originations for purposes of the table below.  The Company had an immaterial amount of revolving 
loans which converted to term loans and the amortized cost basis of those loans is included in the applicable origination year.   
There were no loans risk graded 8 or 9 at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

F-30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 
2023

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

Prior

Commercial, Financial and Agricultural

Term Loans by Origination Year

Revolving 
Loans 
Amortized 
Cost Basis

Total

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

Total commercial, 
financial and 
agricultural

Current-period gross 
charge offs

Consumer

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

Total consumer

Current-period gross 
charge offs

Indirect Automobile

Risk Grade:

Pass

7

Total indirect 
automobile

Current-period gross 
charge offs

Mortgage Warehouse

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

Total mortgage 
warehouse

Current-period gross 
charge offs

Municipal

Risk Grade:

Pass

Total municipal

Current-period gross 
charge offs

Premium Finance

Risk Grade:

Pass

7

Total premium 
finance

Current-period gross 
charge offs

$  892,951  $  758,471  $  384,830  $ 

95,055  $ 

56,447  $ 

41,095  $  432,472  $  2,661,321 

— 

1,512 

335 

3,595 

5,722 

3,222 

92 

1,140 

109 

3,533 

451 

5,748 

803 

1,346 

7,512 

20,096 

$  894,463  $  762,401  $  393,774  $ 

96,287  $ 

60,089  $ 

47,294  $  434,621  $  2,688,929 

$ 

7,485  $ 

26,331  $ 

18,263  $ 

1,746  $ 

1,568  $ 

2,851  $ 

368  $ 

58,612 

$ 

44,736  $ 

17,661  $ 

5,878  $ 

25,654  $ 

15,838  $ 

20,937  $  109,214  $  239,918 

— 

154 

5 

181 

— 

41 

— 

334 

— 

197 

26 

531 

— 

165 

31 

1,603 

44,890  $ 

17,847  $ 

5,919  $ 

25,988  $ 

16,035  $ 

21,494  $  109,379  $  241,552 

115  $ 

388  $ 

97  $ 

1,649  $ 

1,205  $ 

1,474  $ 

370  $ 

5,298 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

6,086  $ 

27,646  $ 

—  $ 

33,732 

— 

— 

— 

— 

55 

470 

— 

525 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

6,141  $ 

28,116  $ 

—  $ 

34,257 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

155  $ 

—  $ 

155 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  772,366  $  772,366 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

46,362 

46,362 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  818,728  $  818,728 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

— 

14,216  $ 

27,346  $ 

48,941  $  177,156  $ 

14,655  $  208,236  $ 

2,118  $  492,668 

14,216  $ 

27,346  $ 

48,941  $  177,156  $ 

14,655  $  208,236  $ 

2,118  $  492,668 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

— 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$  928,930  $ 

4,038  $ 

1,916  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  934,884 

10,777 

901 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

11,678 

$  939,707  $ 

4,939  $ 

1,916  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  946,562 

$ 

942  $ 

5,316  $ 

309  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

6,567 

F-31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 
2023

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

Prior

Real Estate – Construction and Development

Term Loans by Origination Year

Revolving 
Loans 
Amortized 
Cost Basis

Total

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

Total real estate – 
construction and 
development

$  457,077  $  938,909  $  505,254  $ 

58,840  $ 

54,646  $ 

30,042  $ 

81,662  $  2,126,430 

— 

— 

— 

266 

— 

1,512 

— 

— 

— 

— 

479 

500 

— 

— 

479 

2,278 

$  457,077  $  939,175  $  506,766  $ 

58,840  $ 

54,646  $ 

31,021  $ 

81,662  $  2,129,187 

Current-period gross 
charge offs

$ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

— 

Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

Total real estate – 
commercial and 
farmland

$  450,315  $  1,890,498  $  2,133,833  $  1,090,735  $  765,640  $  1,437,323  $  100,206  $  7,868,550 

— 

428 

17,131 

418 

53,329 

15,578 

— 

2,660 

30,200 

6,106 

46,370 

18,984 

— 

— 

147,030 

44,174 

$  450,743  $  1,908,047  $  2,202,740  $  1,093,395  $  801,946  $  1,502,677  $  100,206  $  8,059,754 

Current-period gross 
charge offs

$ 

Real Estate - Residential

Risk Grade:

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

3,151  $ 

1,136  $ 

40  $ 

4,327 

Pass

6

7

Total real estate - 
residential

$  714,684  $  1,425,186  $  1,148,092  $  506,137  $  236,147  $  423,648  $  262,968  $  4,716,862 

13 

5,057 

— 

72 

201 

234 

26,171 

28,459 

30,566 

19,357 

1,411 

25,263 

380 

3,620 

2,311 

138,493 

$  719,754  $  1,451,357  $  1,176,623  $  536,904  $  255,738  $  450,322  $  266,968  $  4,857,666 

Current-period gross 
charge offs

$ 

24  $ 

8  $ 

27  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

111  $ 

89  $ 

259 

Total Loans

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

$  3,502,909  $  5,062,109  $  4,228,744  $  1,953,577  $  1,149,459  $  2,188,927  $  1,761,006  $ 19,846,731 

13 

17,928 

17,471 

31,532 

59,123 

48,812 

293 

34,700 

30,543 

29,248 

48,737 

51,496 

47,545 

5,131 

203,725 

218,847 

Total loans

$  3,520,850  $  5,111,112  $  4,336,679  $  1,988,570  $  1,209,250  $  2,289,160  $  1,813,682  $ 20,269,303 

Current-period gross 
charge offs

$ 

8,566  $ 

32,043  $ 

18,696  $ 

3,395  $ 

5,924  $ 

5,727  $ 

867  $ 

75,218 

As of December 31, 
2022

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

Prior

Commercial, Financial and Agricultural

Term Loans by Origination Year

Revolving 
Loans 
Amortized 
Cost Basis

Total

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

Total commercial, 
financial and 
agricultural

$  1,127,120  $  526,043  $  174,120  $  109,091  $ 

56,657  $ 

41,612  $  621,784  $  2,656,427 

— 

8,565 

13 

1,214 

94 

1,182 

183 

3,314 

895 

545 

1,774 

2,759 

317 

2,121 

3,276 

19,700 

$  1,135,685  $  527,270  $  175,396  $  112,588  $ 

58,097  $ 

46,145  $  624,222  $  2,679,403 

F-32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 
2022

Consumer

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

Term Loans by Origination Year

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

Prior

Revolving 
Loans 
Amortized 
Cost Basis

Total

$ 

41,487  $ 

12,692  $ 

37,906  $ 

23,454  $ 

17,144  $ 

13,825  $  236,113  $  382,621 

38 

68 

— 

62 

— 

216 

— 

106 

— 

118 

98 

431 

196 

83 

332 

1,084 

Total consumer 

$ 

41,593  $ 

12,754  $ 

38,122  $ 

23,560  $ 

17,262  $ 

14,354  $  236,392  $  384,037 

Indirect Automobile

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

Total indirect 
automobile

Mortgage Warehouse

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

Total mortgage 
warehouse

Municipal

Risk Grade:

Pass

Total municipal

Premium Finance

Risk Grade:

Pass

7

Total premium 
finance

$ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

11,900  $ 

50,749  $ 

45,120  $ 

—  $  107,769 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

41 

— 

149 

11 

678 

— 

— 

11 

868 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

11,941  $ 

50,898  $ 

45,809  $ 

—  $  108,648 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  990,106  $  990,106 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

22,831 

25,987 

22,831 

25,987 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  1,038,924  $  1,038,924 

18,074  $ 

46,809  $  188,507  $ 

9,752  $ 

4,358  $  241,651  $ 

—  $  509,151 

18,074  $ 

46,809  $  188,507  $ 

9,752  $ 

4,358  $  241,651  $ 

—  $  509,151 

$  1,000,214  $ 

9,667  $ 

12  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  1,009,893 

13,051 

535 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

13,586 

$  1,013,265  $ 

10,202  $ 

12  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  1,023,479 

Real Estate – Construction and Development

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

Total real estate – 
construction and 
development

$  834,831  $  793,723  $  306,084  $ 

69,596  $ 

7,934  $ 

31,490  $ 

27,474  $  2,071,132 

277 

— 

— 

783 

— 

164 

— 

5 

173 

13,159 

165 

580 

— 

— 

615 

14,691 

$  835,108  $  794,506  $  306,248  $ 

69,601  $ 

21,266  $ 

32,235  $ 

27,474  $  2,086,438 

Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

Total real estate – 
commercial and 
farmland

$  1,739,021  $  1,975,003  $  1,085,086  $  869,116  $  447,311  $  1,259,763  $  110,848  $  7,486,148 

607 

387 

17,974 

2,810 

— 

3,078 

30,841 

12,007 

4,801 

6,527 

18,289 

21,398 

— 

— 

72,512 

46,207 

$  1,740,015  $  1,995,787  $  1,088,164  $  911,964  $  458,639  $  1,299,450  $  110,848  $  7,604,867 

F-33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Term Loans by Origination Year

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

Prior

Revolving 
Loans 
Amortized 
Cost Basis

Total

As of December 31, 
2022

Real Estate - Residential

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

Total real estate - 
residential

Total Loans

Risk Grade:

Pass

6

7

$  1,524,021  $  1,214,724  $  548,968  $  268,821  $  115,693  $  393,570  $  234,684  $  4,300,481 

236 

6,735 

145 

94 

688 

364 

21,283 

25,860 

27,173 

14,396 

2,910 

17,665 

600 

1,676 

5,037 

114,788 

$  1,530,992  $  1,236,152  $  574,922  $  296,682  $  130,453  $  414,145  $  236,960  $  4,420,306 

$  6,284,768  $  4,578,661  $  2,340,683  $  1,361,730  $  699,846  $  2,027,031  $  2,221,009  $ 19,513,728 

1,158 

28,806 

18,132 

26,687 

188 

30,500 

31,712 

42,646 

6,233 

34,894 

23,247 

43,511 

23,944 

29,867 

104,614 

236,911 

Total loans

$  6,314,732  $  4,623,480  $  2,371,371  $  1,436,088  $  740,973  $  2,093,789  $  2,274,820  $ 19,855,253 

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The Company periodically provides modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.  These modifications include 
either payment deferrals, term extensions, interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness or combinations of modification types.  
The determination of whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of the modification.  When 
principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of principal forgiveness is charged off against the allowance for credit losses with 
a corresponding reduction in the amortized cost basis of the loan.

The  following  table  shows  the  amortized  cost  basis  of  the  loans  modified  to  borrowers  experiencing  financial  difficulty, 
disaggregated by class of financing receivable and type of concession granted as of December 31, 2023:

(dollars in thousands)

Payment 
Deferral

Term 
Extension

Interest 
Rate 
Reduction

Combination 
of Term 
Extension 
and Rate 
Reduction

Commercial, financial and agricultural

$ 

2,212  $ 

2,960  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

Real estate – commercial and farmland

Real estate – residential

Total

3,905 

1,029 

3,101 

5,539 

815 

— 

— 

804 

$ 

7,146  $ 

11,600  $ 

815  $ 

804  $ 

20,365 

Percentage 
of Total 
Class of 
Financial 
Receivable

 0.2 %

 0.1 %

 0.2 %

 0.1 %

Total

5,172 

7,821 

7,372 

The  Company  has  unfunded  commitments  of  $1.5  million  to  borrowers  experiencing  financial  difficulty  for  which  the 
Company has modified their loans.  

The  following  table  describes  the  financial  effect  of  the  modifications  made  to  borrowers  experiencing  financial  difficulty 
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023:

Payment Deferral

Loan Type

Financial Effect

Commercial, financial and agricultural

Real estate – commercial and farmland

Real estate – residential

Payments were deferred for a weighted average of five 
months

Payments were deferred for a weighted average of six 
months

Payments were deferred for a weighted average of four 
months

F-34

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Term Extension

Loan Type

Financial Effect

Commercial, financial and agricultural

Real estate – commercial and farmland

Real estate - residential

Maturity dates were extended for a weighted average of 
nine months.

Maturity dates were extended for an average of 13 
months.

Maturity dates were extended for a weighted average of 
103 months

Real estate – commercial and farmland

Loan Type

Financial Effect

Interest rate was reduced by 4.75%

Interest Rate Reduction

Combination of Term Extension and Rate Reduction

Loan Type

Financial Effect

Real estate - residential

Maturity date was extended for a weighted average of 
120 months and rate was reduced by a weighted average 
0.95%

The  Company  monitors  the  performance  of  the  loans  that  are  modified  to  borrowers  experiencing  financial  difficulty  to 
understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts.  The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been 
modified in the last 12 months:

(dollars in thousands)

Commercial, financial and agricultural

Real estate – commercial and farmland

Real estate – residential

Total

Current

30-59
Days Past Due

60-89
Days Past Due

90 or More 
Days Past Due

Total

$ 

$ 

4,018  $ 

355  $ 

6,692 

5,113 

1,129 

711 

15,823  $ 

2,195  $ 

— 

— 

442 

442 

$ 

$ 

799  $ 

— 

1,106 

5,172 

7,821 

7,372 

1,905  $ 

20,365 

The following table provides the amortized cost basis of financing receivables at December 31, 2023 that had a payment default  
and were modified in the 12 months before default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.  

(dollars in thousands)

Commercial, financial and agricultural

Real estate – commercial and farmland

Real estate – residential

Total

Related Party Loans

Term Extension

Payment Deferral

$ 

$ 

—  $ 

— 

2,067 

2,067  $ 

1,154 

1,129 

192 

2,475 

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has granted loans to certain executive officers, directors and their affiliates.  
These  loans  are  made  on  substantially  the  same  terms  as  those  prevailing  at  the  time  for  comparable  transaction  and  do  not 
involve more than normal credit risk. Changes in related party loans are summarized as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
Balance, January 1

Advances
Repayments
Ending balance

Allowance for Credit Losses

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

$ 

80,746  $ 
61,764 
(2,453) 
140,057  $ 

59,214 
36,234 
(14,702) 
80,746 

The  allowance  for  credit  losses  represents  an  allowance  for  expected  losses  over  the  remaining  contractual  life  of  the  assets 
adjusted  for  prepayments.  The  contractual  term  does  not  consider  extensions,  renewals  or  modifications.  The  Company 
segregates the loan portfolio by type of loan and utilizes this segregation in evaluating exposure to risks within the portfolio.

F-35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  allowance  for  credit  losses  was  determined  at  both  December  31,  2023  and  2022  using  the  Moody's  baseline  scenario 
economic  forecast  representing  management's  best  estimate  over  the  reasonable  and  supportable  forecast  period.  During  the 
year ended December 31, 2023, the allowance for credit losses increased primarily due to the updated economic forecast and 
organic  loan  growth  during  the  period.  The  current  forecast  reflects,  among  other  things,  a  decrease  in  forecast  levels  of 
commercial real estate prices, partially offset by improvements in forecast levels of home prices and gross domestic product 
compared with the forecast at December 31, 2022.  

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  the  Company  purchased  a  pool  of  lines  of  credit  secured  by  cash  value  life 
insurance  totaling  $472.3  million.    This  purchase  resulted  in  additions  to  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  of  approximately 
$1.8 million between the commercial, financial and agricultural and consumer loan segments.  

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the periods indicated. Allocation 
of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

(dollars in thousands)

Balance, December 31, 2022

Commercial,
Financial and
Agricultural

Consumer

Indirect 
Automobile

Mortgage 
Warehouse

Municipal

Premium 
Finance

$ 

39,455  $ 

5,413  $ 

174  $ 

2,118  $ 

357  $ 

1,025 

Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASU 2022-02  

Provision for loan losses

Loans charged off

Recoveries of loans previously charged off

(105) 

68,349 

(58,612) 

14,966 

— 

2,963 

(5,298) 

824 

— 

(745) 

(155) 

776 

— 

(440) 

— 

— 

— 

(12) 

— 

— 

Balance, December 31, 2023

$ 

64,053  $ 

3,902  $ 

50  $ 

1,678  $ 

345  $ 

— 

343 

(6,567) 

5,801 

602 

Real Estate – 
Construction 
and 
Development

Real Estate –
Commercial 
and
Farmland

Real Estate –
Residential

Total

Balance, December 31, 2022

$ 

32,659  $ 

67,433  $ 

57,043  $ 

205,677 

Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASU 2022-02  

Provision for loan losses

Loans charged off

Recoveries of loans previously charged off

(37) 

27,446 

— 

949 

(722) 

47,079 

(4,327) 

634 

(847) 

8,532 

(259) 

887 

(1,711) 

153,515 

(75,218) 

24,837 

Balance, December 31, 2023

$ 

61,017  $ 

110,097  $ 

65,356  $ 

307,100 

(dollars in thousands)

Year ended December 31, 2022

Balance, January 1, 2022

Provision for loan losses

Loans charged off

Recoveries of loans previously charged off

Commercial,
Financial and
Agricultural

Consumer

Indirect 
Automobile

Mortgage 
Warehouse

Municipal

Premium 
Finance

$ 

26,829  $ 

6,097  $ 

476  $ 

3,231  $ 

401  $ 

21,307 

(18,635) 

9,954 

3,360 

(4,926) 

882 

(1,082) 

(265) 

1,045 

(1,113) 

— 

— 

(44) 

— 

— 

2,729 

(1,317) 

(5,452) 

5,065 

1,025 

Balance, December 31, 2022

$ 

39,455  $ 

5,413  $ 

174  $ 

2,118  $ 

357  $ 

Year ended December 31, 2022

Balance, January 1, 2022

Provision for loan losses

Loans charged off

Recoveries of loans previously charged off

Real Estate – 
Construction 
and 
Development

Real Estate –
Commercial a
nd
Farmland

Real Estate –
Residential

Total

$ 

22,045  $ 

77,831  $ 

27,943  $ 

167,582 

9,749 

(27) 

892 

(7,049) 

(3,574) 

225 

28,799 

(196) 

497 

52,610 

(33,075) 

18,560 

Balance, December 31, 2022

$ 

32,659  $ 

67,433  $ 

57,043  $ 

205,677 

F-36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)

Year ended December 31, 2021

Balance, January 1, 2021

Provision for loan losses

Initial allowance for PCD assets

Loans charged off

Recoveries of loans previously charged off

Commercial,
Financial and
Agricultural

Consumer

Indirect 
Automobile

Mortgage 
Warehouse

Municipal

Premium 
Finance

$ 

7,359  $ 

4,076  $ 

1,929  $ 

3,666  $ 

791  $ 

12,071 

9,432 

(7,760) 

5,727 

7,330 

— 

(6,248) 

939 

(1,944) 

— 

(1,188) 

1,679 

(435) 

(390) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

3,879 

(2,352) 

— 

(3,668) 

4,870 

2,729 

Balance, December 31, 2021

$ 

26,829  $ 

6,097  $ 

476  $ 

3,231  $ 

401  $ 

Year ended December 31, 2021

Balance, January 1, 2021

Provision for loan losses

Initial allowance for PCD assets

Loans charged off

Recoveries of loans previously charged off

Real Estate – 
Construction 
and 
Development

Real Estate –
Commercial a
nd
Farmland

Real Estate –
Residential

Total

$ 

45,304  $ 

88,894  $ 

43,524  $ 

199,422 

(23,532) 

(9,784) 

(16,045) 

(35,081) 

— 

(233) 

506 

— 

(1,852) 

573 

— 

(667) 

1,131 

9,432 

(21,616) 

15,425 

Balance, December 31, 2021

$ 

22,045  $ 

77,831  $ 

27,943  $ 

167,582 

Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans

The Company acquired $952,000 in PCD loans from Balboa during the year ended December 31, 2021.  A reconciliation of the 
purchase price to the par value, or unpaid principal balance ("UPB"), of the assets is below.

(dollars in thousands)

Par value (UPB)

Allowance for Credit Losses

Discount

Purchase Price

 NOTE 5. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

Premises and equipment are summarized as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
Land
Buildings and leasehold improvements
Furniture and equipment
Construction in progress

Premises and equipment, gross

Accumulated depreciation

Premises and equipment, net

Commercial, Financial 
and Agricultural

$ 

$ 

10,505 

(9,432) 

(121) 

952 

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

69,478  $ 

174,562 
89,756 
3,997 
337,793 
(121,358) 
216,435  $ 

$ 

69,387 
176,153 
85,217 
2,343 
333,100 
(112,817) 
220,283 

Depreciation  expense  was  approximately  $19.1  million,  $18.4  million  and  $17.2  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31, 
2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

At December 31, 2023, estimated costs to complete construction projects in progress and other binding commitments for capital 
expenditures were not a material amount.

F-37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 6. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The change in the carrying value of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is summarized below for both 
the total Company and by the Company's reporting units.

(dollars in thousands)
Consolidated
Carrying amount of goodwill at beginning of year
Fair value adjustments related to acquisitions in prior year
Carrying amount of goodwill at end of year

Banking

Carrying amount of goodwill at beginning of year

Fair value adjustments related to acquisitions in prior year

Carrying amount of goodwill at end of year

Premium Finance Division
Carrying amount of goodwill at beginning of year
Carrying amount of goodwill at end of year

December 31,

2023

2022

1,015,646  $ 

— 

1,015,646  $ 

1,012,620 
3,026 
1,015,646 

951,148  $ 

948,122 

— 

3,026 

951,148  $ 

951,148 

64,498  $ 
64,498  $ 

64,498 
64,498 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

During  2022,  the  Company  recorded  subsequent  goodwill  fair  value  adjustments  of  $3.0  million  related  to  the  Balboa 
acquisition.  

The  Company  performs  its  annual  impairment  test  at  December  31  of  each  year  and  more  frequently  if  a  triggering  event 
occurs. Impairment exists when a reporting unit’s carrying value of goodwill exceeds its fair value.  The Company performed 
an interim qualitative assessment at March 31, 2023 considering the decline in the Company's stock price relative to book value 
and the impact of recent bank failures on the economy and determined that it was more likely than not that each reporting unit's 
fair value exceeded its carrying value.

During the second quarter of 2023, the Company assessed the indicators of goodwill impairment and determined a triggering 
event had occurred due to the sustained decline in the Company's stock price.  The Company performed a quantitative analysis 
of  goodwill  and  determined  no  impairment  existed  at  June  30,  2023.    At  September  30,  2023,  the  Company  assessed  the 
indicators of goodwill impairment and determined a triggering event had not occurred and no impairment test was performed

At December 31, 2023, the Company performed its annual qualitative assessment and determined that it was more likely than 
not that the reporting units fair values exceeded their carrying values.

The carrying value of intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $87.9 million and $106.2 million, respectively. 
Intangible assets are comprised of core deposit intangibles, referral relationships intangibles, trade name intangibles and non-
compete agreement intangibles. 

The following is a summary of information related to acquired intangible assets:

(dollars in thousands)
Amortized intangible assets:
   Core deposit premiums
   Referral relationships
  Trade names

Patent

   Non-compete agreements

As of December 31, 2023

As of December 31, 2022

Gross
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Gross
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

$ 

$ 

86,454  $ 
88,651 
2,734 
420 
570 
178,829  $ 

59,045  $ 
29,790 
1,581 
84 
380 
90,880  $ 

99,032  $ 
88,651 
2,734 
420 
732 
191,569  $ 

63,518 
20,367 
1,096 
42 
352 
85,375 

The aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets was approximately $18.2 million, $19.7 million and $15.0 million for 
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

F-38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):

2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter

NOTE 7. DEPOSITS

$ 

$ 

17,189 
15,937 
12,394 
11,126 
10,005 
21,298 
87,949 

The scheduled maturities of time deposits at December 31, 2023 for each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter

$ 

$ 

3,333,066 
85,333 
21,751 
16,553 
10,451 
752 
3,467,906 

The  aggregate  amount  of  time  deposits  in  denominations  of  $250,000  or  more  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022  was  $809.2 
million and $381.1 million, respectively. 

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had brokered deposits of $1.14 billion.  As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 
brokered deposits of $280.5 million.

Deposits from principal officers, directors, and their affiliates at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $24.0 million and $33.5 
million, respectively.

F-39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 8. OTHER BORROWINGS

Other borrowings consist of the following:

(dollars in thousands)
FHLB borrowings:

Fixed Rate Advance due January 9, 2023; fixed interest rate of 4.150%
Fixed Rate Advance due January 9, 2023; fixed interest rate of 4.110%
Fixed Rate Advance due January 12, 2023; fixed interest rate of 4.140%
Fixed Rate Advance due January 13, 2023; fixed interest rate of 4.150%
Fixed Rate Advance due January 17, 2023; fixed interest rate of 4.170%
Fixed Rate Advance due January 17, 2023; fixed interest rate of 4.250%
Fixed Rate Advance due January 18, 2023; fixed interest rate of 4.260%
Fixed Rate Advance due January 19, 2023; fixed interest rate of 4.230%
Fixed Rate Advance due January 20, 2023; fixed interest rate of 4.220%
Fixed Rate Advance due January 27, 2023; fixed interest rate of 4.230%
Fixed Rate Advance due January 10, 2024; fixed interest rate of 5.450%
Fixed Rate Advance due January 17, 2024; fixed interest rate of 5.460%
Fixed Rate Advance due March 3, 2025; fixed interest rate of 1.208%
Fixed Rate Advance due March 2, 2027; fixed interest rate of 1.445%
Fixed Rate Advance due March 4, 2030; fixed interest rate of 1.606%
Fixed Rate Advance due December 9, 2030; fixed interest rate of 4.550%
Fixed Rate Advance due December 9, 2030; fixed interest rate of 4.550%
Principal Reducing Advance due September 29, 2031; fixed interest rate of 3.095%

$ 

December 31,

2023

2022

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
50,000 
100,000 
15,000 
15,000 
15,000 
1,378 
954 
1,128 

300,000 
50,000 
50,000 
50,000 
350,000 
150,000 
200,000 
50,000 
150,000 
100,000 
— 
— 
15,000 
15,000 
15,000 
1,389 
961 
1,275 

Subordinated notes payable:

Subordinated  notes  payable  due  March  15,  2027  net  of  unamortized  debt  issuance  cost  of  $0  and 
$551,  respectively;  fixed  interest  rate  of  5.75%  through  March  14,  2022;  variable  interest  rate 
thereafter at three-month LIBOR plus 3.616% (2027 subordinated notes)

Subordinated notes payable due December 15, 2029 net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $1,296 
and $1,680, respectively; fixed interest rate of 4.25% through December 14, 2024; variable interest 
rate thereafter at three-month SOFR plus 2.94% (2029 subordinated notes)

Subordinated  notes  payable  due  May  31,  2030  net  of  unaccreted  purchase  accounting  fair  value 
adjustment  of  $784  and  $906,  respectively;  fixed  interest  rate  of  5.875%  through  May  31,  2025; 
variable interest rate thereafter at three-month SOFR plus 3.63% (Bank subordinated notes) (1)
Subordinated notes payable due October 1, 2030 net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $1,362 and 
$1,564, respectively; fixed interest rate of 3.875% through September 30, 2025; variable interest rate 
thereafter at three-month SOFR plus 3.753% (2030 subordinated notes)

— 

74,449 

106,704 

118,320 

75,784 

75,906 

108,638 

108,436 

Other Debt:

Advance from correspondent bank due November  28,  2024; secured  by a  loan  receivable;  variable 
interest rate at one-month SOFR plus 2.50%

10,000 

— 

Advance  from  correspondent  bank  due  December  1,  2025;  secured  by  a  loan  receivable;  variable 
interest rate at one-month SOFR plus 2.65%

10,000 
509,586  $ 

— 
1,875,736 

$ 

(1) Previously was to migrate to three-month LIBOR plus 3.63%, but will now migrate to three-month SOFR plus a comparable tenor spread 
beginning June 1, 2025 through the end of the term, as three-month LIBOR ceased to be published effective July 1, 2023.

The advances from the FHLB are collateralized by a blanket lien on all eligible first mortgage loans and other specific loans in 
addition to FHLB stock. At December 31, 2023, $4.28 billion was available for additional borrowing on lines with the FHLB.

As of December 31, 2023, the Bank maintained credit arrangements with various financial institutions to purchase federal funds 
up to $127.0 million.

The Bank also participates in the Federal Reserve discount window borrowings program. At December 31, 2023, the Company 
had $3.62 billion of loans pledged at the Federal Reserve discount window and had $2.67 billion available for borrowing.

F-40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subordinated Notes Payable

On March 13, 2017, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $75.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 
5.75%  Fixed-To-Floating  Rate  Subordinated  Notes  due  2027  (the  “2027  subordinated  notes”).  The  2027  subordinated  notes 
were  sold  to  the  public  at  par  pursuant  to  an  underwriting  agreement  and  were  issued  pursuant  to  an  indenture  and  a 
supplemental indenture. The 2027 subordinated notes will mature on March 15, 2027 and through March 14, 2022 will bear a 
fixed  rate  of  interest  of  5.75%  per  annum,  payable  semi-annually  in  arrears  on  September  15  and  March  15  of  each  year. 
Beginning March 15, 2022, the interest rate on the 2027 subordinated notes resets quarterly to a floating rate per annum equal 
to the then-current three-month LIBOR plus 3.616%, payable quarterly in arrears on June 15, September 15, December 15 and 
March 15 of each year to the maturity date or earlier redemption. On any scheduled interest payment date beginning March 15, 
2022, the Company may, at its option, redeem the 2027 subordinated notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 
100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.  The Company elected to redeem all the outstanding notes on 
March 15, 2023.

On December 6, 2019, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $120.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 
its 4.25% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2029 (the “2029 subordinated notes”). The 2029 subordinated notes 
were  sold  to  the  public  at  par  pursuant  to  an  underwriting  agreement  and  were  issued  pursuant  to  an  indenture  and  a 
supplemental indenture. The 2029 subordinated notes will mature on December 15, 2029 and through December 14, 2024 will 
bear a fixed rate of interest of 4.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. 
Beginning  December  15,  2024,  the  interest  rate  on  the  2029  subordinated  notes  resets  quarterly  to  a  floating  rate  per  annum 
equal to the then-current three-month SOFR plus 2.94%, payable quarterly in arrears on March 15, June 15, September 15 and 
December  15  of  each  year  to  the  maturity  date  or  earlier  redemption.  On  any  scheduled  interest  payment  date  beginning 
December 15, 2024, the Company may, at its option, redeem the 2029 subordinated notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption 
price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.  During 2023, the Company repurchased on the 
open market and redeemed $12.0 million in aggregate principal of the 2029 subordinated notes. 

On September 28, 2020, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $110.0 million in aggregate principal amount 
of its 3.875% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2030 (the “2030 subordinated notes”). The 2030 subordinated 
notes  were  sold  to  the  public  at  par  pursuant  to  an  underwriting  agreement  and  were  issued  pursuant  to  an  indenture  and  a 
supplemental  indenture.  The  2030  subordinated  notes  will  mature  on  October  1,  2030  and  through  September  30,  2025  will 
bear  a  fixed  rate  of  interest  of  3.875%  per  annum,  payable  semi-annually  in  arrears  on  April  1  and  October  1  of  each  year. 
Beginning October 1, 2025, the interest rate on the 2030 subordinated notes resets quarterly to a floating rate per annum equal 
to the then-current three-month SOFR plus 3.753%, payable quarterly in arrears on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 of 
each year to the maturity date or earlier redemption. On any scheduled interest payment date beginning October 1, 2025, the 
Company may, at its option, redeem the 2030 subordinated notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of 
the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The 2029 and 2030 subordinated notes are unsecured and rank equally with all other unsecured subordinated indebtedness of 
the Company, including any subordinated indebtedness issued in the future under the indenture governing the 2029 and 2030 
subordinated notes. The 2029 and 2030 subordinated notes are subordinated in right of payment to all senior indebtedness of the 
Company.  The  2029  and  2030  subordinated  notes  are  obligations  of  the  Company  only  and  are  not  guaranteed  by  any 
subsidiaries,  including  the  Bank.  Additionally,  the  2029  and  2030  subordinated  notes  are  structurally  subordinated  to  all 
existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries, meaning that creditors of the Company’s 
subsidiaries  (including,  in  the  case  of  the  Bank,  its  depositors)  generally  will  be  paid  from  those  subsidiaries’  assets  before 
holders of the 2029 and 2030 subordinated notes have any claim to those assets.

As  a  result  of  the  Fidelity  acquisition  on  July  1,  2019,  the  Bank  assumed  $75.0  million  in  aggregate  principal  amount  of  
5.875% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2030 (the "Bank subordinated notes"). The Bank subordinated notes 
were  acquired  inclusive  of  an  unaccreted  purchase  accounting  fair  value  adjustment  of  $1.3  million.  The  Bank  subordinated 
notes will mature on May 31, 2030, and through May 31, 2025 will bear a fixed rate of interest of 5.875% per annum, payable 
semi-annually  in  arrears  on  December  1  and  June  1  of  each  year.  Beginning  on  June  1,  2025,  the  interest  rate  on  the  Bank 
subordinated  notes  resets  quarterly  to  a  floating  rate  per  annum  equal  to  the  then-current  three-month  SOFR  plus  3.63%, 
payable  quarterly  in  arrears  on  September  1,  December  1,  March  1  and  June  1  of  each  year  to  the  maturity  date  or  earlier 
redemption.  On  any  scheduled  interest  payment  date  beginning  June  1,  2025,  the  Bank  may,  at  its  option,  redeem  the  Bank 
subordinated notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid 
interest.    The  Bank  subordinated  notes  of  the  Bank  are  unsecured  and  structurally  rank  senior  to  all  other  unsecured 
subordinated  indebtedness  of  the  Company.  The  Bank  subordinated  notes  are  subordinated  in  right  of  payment  to  all  senior 
indebtedness of the Bank. 

F-41

For regulatory capital adequacy purposes, the Bank subordinated notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for the Bank and the 2029, 2030 
and Bank subordinated notes (collectively "subordinated notes") qualify as Tier 2 capital for the Company. If in the future the 
subordinated notes no longer qualify as Tier 2 capital, the subordinated notes may be redeemed by the Bank or Company at a 
redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, subject to prior approval by the Board 
of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

As  a  result  of  the  Balboa  acquisition  in  December  2021,  the  Bank  assumed  Balboa's  $50.0  million  principal  amount  5.50% 
Fixed Rate Subordinated Note due June 1, 2026 (the "Balboa Note").  The Balboa Note was assumed inclusive of an unaccreted 
purchase accounting fair value adjustment of $500,000.  In January 2022, the Bank fully redeemed the Balboa Note, which was 
redeemable  in  whole  or  in  part  prior  to  maturity  upon  a  qualifying  change  of  control  or  at  any  time  on  or  after  the  third 
anniversary of the issue date.

NOTE 9. SUBORDINATED DEFERRABLE INTEREST DEBENTURES

Through formation and various acquisitions, the Company has assumed subordinated deferrable interest debenture obligations 
related to trusts that issued trust preferred securities. Under applicable accounting standards, the assets and liabilities of such 
trusts,  as  well  as  the  related  income  and  expenses,  are  excluded  from  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements.  
However,  the  subordinated  deferrable  interest  debentures  issued  by  the  Company  and  purchased  by  the  trusts  remain  on  the 
consolidated balance sheets. The Company's investment in the common stock of the trusts is included in other assets and totaled 
$4.7  million  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022.  In  addition,  the  related  interest  expense  continues  to  be  included  in  the 
consolidated statements of income. For regulatory capital purposes, the trust preferred securities qualify as a component of Tier 
2 Capital.  At any interest payment date, the Company may redeem the debentures at par and thereby cause a redemption of the 
trust preferred securities in whole or in part.  

The  following  table  summarizes  the  terms  of  the  Company's  outstanding  subordinated  deferrable  interest  debentures  as  of 
December 31, 2023:

December 31, 2023

(dollars in thousands)

Name of Trust

Issuance Date

Rate(1)

Rate at 
December 31, 
2023

Maturity Date

Issuance 
Amount

Unaccreted 
Purchase 
Discount

Carrying 
Value

Prosperity Bank Statutory Trust II

March 2003

3-month SOFR plus 3.15%

Fidelity Southern Statutory Trust I

June 2003

3-month SOFR plus 3.10%

Coastal Bankshares Statutory Trust I

August 2003

3-month SOFR plus 3.15%

Jacksonville Statutory Trust I

Prosperity Banking Capital Trust I

June 2004

June 2004

3-month SOFR plus 2.63%

3-month SOFR plus 2.57%

Merchants & Southern Statutory Trust I

March 2005

3-month SOFR plus 1.90%

Fidelity Southern Statutory Trust II

March 2005

3-month SOFR plus 1.89%

Atlantic BancGroup, Inc. Statutory Trust I

September 2005

3-month SOFR plus 1.50%

Coastal Bankshares Statutory Trust II

December 2005

3-month SOFR plus 1.60%

Cherokee Statutory Trust I

November 2005

3-month SOFR plus 1.50%

Prosperity Bank Statutory Trust III

January 2006

3-month SOFR plus 1.60%

Merchants & Southern Statutory Trust II

March 2006

3-month SOFR plus 1.50%

Jacksonville Statutory Trust II

December 2006

3-month SOFR plus 1.73%

Ameris Statutory Trust I

December 2006

3-month SOFR plus 1.63%

Fidelity Southern Statutory Trust III

August 2007

3-month SOFR plus 1.40%

Prosperity Bank Statutory Trust IV

September 2007

3-month SOFR plus 1.54%

Jacksonville Bancorp, Inc. Statutory Trust III

June 2008

3-month SOFR plus 3.75%

8.77%

8.72%

8.81%

8.27%

8.16%

7.54%

7.53%

7.15%

7.25%

7.15%

7.25%

7.15%

7.38%

7.28%

7.05%

7.19%

9.40%

March 26, 2033

$ 

4,640  $ 

732  $ 

3,908 

June 26, 2033

October 7, 2033

June 17, 2034

June 30, 2034

March 17, 2035

March 17, 2035

September 15, 2035

December 15, 2035

December 15, 2035

March 15, 2036

June 15, 2036

December 15, 2036

December 15, 2036

September 15, 2037

December 15, 2037

September 15, 2038

15,464 

5,155 

4,124 

5,155 

3,093 

10,310 

3,093 

10,310 

3,093 

10,310 

3,093 

3,093 

37,114 

20,619 

7,940 

7,784 

933 

755 

630 

1,074 

710 

1,616 

906 

2,739 

548 

3,057 

840 

758 

— 

4,549 

3,403 

825 

14,531 

4,400 

3,494 

4,081 

2,383 

8,694 

2,187 

7,571 

2,545 

7,253 

2,253 

2,335 

37,114 

16,070 

4,537 

6,959 

Total

$  154,390  $ 

24,075  $  130,315 

(1) Rate transitioned to 3-month term SOFR plus a comparable tenor spread adjustment beginning after July 1, 2023 as 3-month 
LIBOR ceased to be published effective July 1, 2023.

F-42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 10. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  (loss)  for  the  Company  consists  of  changes  in  net  unrealized  gains  and  losses  on 
debt  securities  available-for-sale.  The  following  tables  present  a  summary  of  the  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income 
(loss) balances, net of tax, as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(dollars in thousands)

Balance, December 31, 2022

Reclassification for losses included in net income, net of tax

Current year changes, net of tax

Balance, December 31, 2023

(dollars in thousands)

Balance, December 31, 2021

Current year changes, net of tax

Balance, December 31, 2022

(dollars in thousands)

Balance, December 31, 2020

Current year changes, net of tax

Balance, December 31, 2021

Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
on Securities

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss)

(46,507)  $ 

(46,507) 

229 

10,339 

(35,939)  $ 

229 

10,339 

(35,939) 

Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
on Securities

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss)

15,590  $ 

(62,097) 

(46,507)  $ 

15,590 

(62,097) 

(46,507) 

Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
on Securities

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss)

33,505  $ 

(17,915) 

15,590  $ 

33,505 

(17,915) 

15,590 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

NOTE 11. – REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

The following provides information on noninterest income categories that contain ASC 606 Revenue for the periods indicated. 

(dollars in thousands)

Service charges on deposit accounts

ASC 606 revenue items

   Debit card interchange fees

   Overdraft fees

   Other service charges on deposit accounts

   Total ASC 606 revenue included in service charges on deposits accounts 

For the Years Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

16,161  $ 

15,884  $ 

15,793 

14,621 

46,575 

15,813 

12,802 

44,499 

Total service charges on deposit accounts

$ 

46,575  $ 

44,499  $ 

Other service charges, commissions and fees

ASC 606 revenue items

ATM fees

Total ASC 606 revenue included in other service charges, commission and fees

Other 

Total other service charges, commission and fees

$ 

$ 

3,856  $ 

3,508  $ 

3,856 

545 

3,508 

367 

4,401  $ 

3,875  $ 

F-43

16,798 

16,113 

12,195 

45,106 

45,106 

3,751 

3,751 

437 

4,188 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)

Other noninterest income

ASC 606 revenue items

Trust and wealth management

Total ASC 606 revenue included in other noninterest income

Other

Total other noninterest income

For the Years Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

114  $ 

4,554  $ 

114 

50,600 

4,554 

40,837 

50,714  $ 

45,391  $ 

4,985 

4,985 

18,227 

23,212 

The following provides information on net gains recognized on the sale of OREO for the periods indicated.

(dollars in thousands)

Net gains recognized on sale of OREO

NOTE 12. INCOME TAXES

For the Years Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

2,214  $ 

2,130  $ 

131 

The income tax expense in the consolidated statements of income consists of the following:

(dollars in thousands)
Current - federal
Current - state
Deferred - federal
Deferred - state

For the Years Ended December 31,
2022

2021

2023

$ 

$ 

84,835  $ 
23,463 
(16,882) 
(3,586) 
87,830  $ 

114,346  $ 
27,889 
(27,408) 
(8,269) 
106,558  $ 

67,076 
13,712 
30,321 
8,090 
119,199 

The Company’s income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the federal income tax statutory rates to 
income before income taxes. A reconciliation of the differences is as follows:

For the Years Ended December 31,
2022

2021

2023

 21 %

 21 %

 21 %

$ 

74,956 

$ 

95,151 

$ 

104,166 

14,950 
(1,907) 
(1,701) 
(518) 
— 
2,050 
87,830 

$ 

13,763 
(2,775) 
(1,399) 
(510) 
167 
2,161 
106,558 

$ 

18,923 
(3,479) 
(997) 
(277) 
142 
721 
119,199 

(dollars in thousands)
Federal income statutory rate

Tax at federal income tax rate
Change resulting from:

State income tax, net of federal benefit
Tax-exempt interest
Increase in cash value of bank owned life insurance
Excess tax (benefit) deficiency from stock compensation
Nondeductible merger expenses
Other

Provision for income taxes

$ 

F-44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The components of deferred income taxes are as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
Deferred tax assets

Allowance for credit losses
Deferred compensation
Deferred loan fees
Purchase accounting adjustments
Other real estate owned
Net operating loss tax carryforward
Tax credit carryforwards
Unrealized loss on securities available for sale
Capitalized costs, accrued expenses and other
Lease liability

Deferred tax liabilities

Premises and equipment
Mortgage servicing rights
Subordinated debentures
Lease financing
Goodwill and intangible assets
Origination costs
Right of use lease asset
Deferred loan fees

$ 

December 31,

2023

2022

88,494  $ 
13,822 
— 
3,442 
18 
12,779 
139 
11,218 
8,297 
15,081 
153,290 

12,167 
34,989 
6,149 
9,753 
22,918 
9,984 
12,854 
318 
109,132 

64,742 
13,287 
668 
5,153 
201 
14,070 
149 
14,635 
3,432 
16,505 
132,842 

12,680 
30,903 
6,551 
9,442 
24,946 
6,239 
14,280 
— 
105,041 

Net deferred tax asset (liability)

$ 

44,158  $ 

27,801 

At December 31, 2023, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $50.7 million which expire 
at  various  dates  from  2028  to  2036.  At  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  had  state  net  operating  loss  carryforwards  of 
approximately $50.0 million which expire at various dates from 2028 to 2036. The federal net operating loss carryforwards are 
subject to limitations pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and are expected to be recovered over the next 13 
years.  The  state  net  operating  loss  carryforwards  are  subject  to  similar  limitations  and  are  expected  to  be  recovered  over  the 
next  13  years.  Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognized  for  net  operating  losses  because  the  benefit  is  more  likely  than  not  to  be 
realized.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion 
or  all  of  the  deferred  tax  assets  will  not  be  realized.    The  ultimate  realization  of  deferred  tax  assets  is  dependent  upon  the 
generation  of  future  taxable  income  during  periods  in  which  those  temporary  differences  become  deductible.    Management 
considers  the  scheduled  reversal  of  deferred  tax  liabilities,  projected  future  taxable  income  and  tax  planning  strategies  in 
making  this  assessment.    Based  on  the  level  of  historical  taxable  income  and  projections  for  future  taxable  income  over  the 
periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will 
realize the benefits of these deferred tax assets at December 31, 2023.

As  described  in  Note  2  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  in  December  2021  Ameris  Bank  acquired  Balboa  Capital 
Corporation. The Company completed its analysis of the tax effects of this transaction during 2022. The consolidated balance 
sheet reflects this final analysis.

The  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  are  subject  to  U.S.  federal  income  tax  as  well  as  income  tax  of  the  various  states.  The 
Company is no longer subject to examination by federal taxing authorities for years before 2020 and state taxing authorities for 
years before 2019. 

Although Ameris is unable to determine the ultimate outcome of current and future events, Ameris believes that the liability 
recorded for uncertain tax positions is adequate. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized income 
tax benefits is as follows.

F-45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)

Beginning Balance

Current Activity:

Additions for tax positions of prior years

Additions from acquisitions

Reductions for statutes of limitations expiring

Settlements

Ending Balance

For the Years Ended December 31,

2023

2022

1,001  $ 

1,903 

479 

— 

(870)   

— 

610  $ 

2,319 

1,001 

— 

(4,222) 

1,001 

$ 

$ 

Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits are included as a component of income tax expense. 
Accrued interest and penalties on unrecognized income tax benefits totaled $133,000 and $11,000 as of December 31, 2023 and 
2022, respectively. Unrecognized income tax benefits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, that, if recognized, would affect the 
effective income tax  rate  totaled $582,000 and  $919,000 (net of  the  federal benefit on state income tax issues), respectively. 
Accruals of penalties and interest resulted in a expense of $100 and $153,000 in 2023 and 2022, respectively. Ameris expects 
that $585,000 of uncertain income tax positions will be either settled or resolved during the next twelve months.

NOTE 13. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company has established a retirement plan for eligible employees. The Ameris Bancorp 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan allows 
a  participant  to  defer  a  portion  of  their  compensation  and  provides  that  the  Company  will  match  a  portion  of  the  deferred 
compensation. The Plan also provides for non-elective and discretionary contributions. All full-time and part-time employees 
are eligible to participate in the Plan provided they have met the eligibility requirements. An employee is eligible to participate 
in the Plan after 30 days of employment and having attained an age of 18 years.

The  aggregate  expense  under  the  Plan  charged  to  operations  during  2023,  2022  and  2021  amounted  to  $7.9  million,  $6.3 
million and $5.4 million, respectively.

NOTE 14. DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLANS

The  Company  and  the  Bank  have  entered  into  separate  deferred  compensation  arrangements  and  supplemental  executive 
retirement plans with certain executive officers and directors. The plans call for certain amounts payable at retirement, death or 
disability.  The  estimated  present  value  of  the  deferred  compensation  is  being  accrued  over  the  expected  service  period.  The 
Company  and  the  Bank  have  purchased  life  insurance  policies  which  they  intend  to  use  to  fund  these  liabilities.  The  cash 
surrender value of the life insurance was $395.8 million and $388.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The 
Company and the Bank assumed certain split dollar agreements in the acquisition of Fidelity which provide for death benefits to 
designated  beneficiaries  of  the  executive  or  director.  Accrued  deferred  compensation  of  $257,000  and  $277,000  at 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, is included in other liabilities. Accrued supplemental executive retirement plan and 
split dollar agreement liabilities of $7.1 million and $11.3 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, is also included 
in other liabilities. Aggregate compensation expense under the plans was $78,000, $776,000 and $877,000 per year for 2023, 
2022 and 2021, respectively, which is included in salaries and employee benefits.

NOTE 15. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company awards its employees and directors various forms of share-based incentives under certain plans approved by its 
shareholders. Awards granted under the plans may be in the form of qualified or nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, 
stock  appreciation  rights  (“SARs”),  long-term  incentive  compensation  units  consisting  of  cash  and  common  stock,  or  any 
combination thereof within the limitations set forth in the plans. The plans provide that the aggregate number of shares of the 
Company’s  common  stock  which  may  be  subject  to  award  may  not  exceed  2,784,262  subject  to  adjustment  in  certain 
circumstances to prevent dilution. At December 31, 2023, there were 2,382,880 shares available to be issued under the plans.

All stock options have an exercise price that is equal to the closing fair market value of the Company’s stock on the date the 
options  were  granted.  Options  granted  under  the  plans  generally  vest  over  a  five-year  period  and  have  a  10-year  maximum 
term.

F-46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Company  did  not  grant  any  options  during  2023,  2022  or  2021.  As  of  December  31,  2023,  there  was  no  unrecognized 
compensation cost related to options.  

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has 257,673 outstanding restricted shares granted under the plans as compensation to 
certain employees and directors. These shares carry dividend and voting rights. Sales of these shares are restricted prior to the 
date of vesting, which is one to five years from the date of the grant. Shares issued under the plans are recorded at their fair 
market value on the date of their grant. The compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the related vesting 
period. In 2023, 2022 and 2021, compensation expense related to these grants was approximately $5.3 million, $4.4 million, 
and $5.3 million, respectively. The total income tax benefit related to these grants was approximately $770,000, $293,000 and 
$338,000 in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  

It  is  the  Company’s  policy  to  issue  new  shares  for  stock  option  exercises  and  restricted  stock  rather  than  issue  treasury 
shares. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the options’ related vesting 
term. The Company did not record any share-based compensation expense related to stock options during 2023, 2022 and 2021. 
The total income tax benefit related to stock options was approximately $41,000, $339,000 and $631,000 in 2023, 2022 and 
2021, respectively.

A summary of the activity of non-performance-based options as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022  is 
presented below.

2023

2022

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price

Weighted 
Average 
Contractual 
Term

Aggregate 
Intrinsic 
Value 
$ (000)

Shares

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price

Weighted 
Average 
Contractual 
Term

Aggregate 
Intrinsic 
Value 
$ (000)

Shares

Under option, beginning of 
year
Exercised
Forfeited
Under option, end of year
Exercisable at end of year

  16,000  $ 
  (16,000) 
— 
—  $ 
—  $ 

29.69 
29.69 
— 
— 
— 

$ 

$ 
$ 

0.00
0.00

  117,135  $ 
  (97,135) 
(4,000) 
  16,000  $ 
  16,000  $ 

28.79 
29.22 
29.31 
29.69 
29.69 

258 

— 
— 

$ 

1,936 

0.05
0.05

$ 
$ 

279 
279 

A summary of the status of the Company’s restricted stock awards as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022  
is presented below.

Nonvested shares at beginning of year
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Nonvested shares at end of year

2023

2022

Weighted 
Average 
Grant Date 
Fair Value

Shares

Weighted 
Average 
Grant Date 
Fair Value

Shares

222,280  $ 
133,430 
(95,954) 
(2,083) 
257,673 

43.31 
44.84 
37.99 
48.00 
46.05 

225,869  $ 
165,686 
(154,386) 
(14,889) 
222,280 

38.06 
47.67 
40.72 
38.92 
43.31 

The  balance  of  unearned  compensation  related  to  restricted  stock  grants  as  of  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021  was 
approximately  $6.1  million,  $5.6  million,  and  $3.8  million,  respectively.  At  December  31,  2023,  the  cost  is  expected  to  be 
recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.

During  2023  and  2022,  the  Company  issued  42,242  and  35,108  performance  stock  units  ("PSUs")  with  a  weighted  average 
grant date fair value of $49.21 and $47.71, respectively, subject to a performance condition tied to tangible book value growth 
over a three-year period.  The 2023 tangible book value awards also contain a potential modifier subject to a total shareholder 
return  ("TSR")  performance  metric    The  Company  also  granted  42,245  and  35,108  PSUs  in  2023  and  2022,  respectively, 
subject  to  a  three-year  performance  metric  of  return  on  tangible  common  equity  relative  to  a  market  index  with  a  potential 
modifier subject to a TSR performance metric with a weighted average grant date fair value of $49.21 and $48.53, respectively.  
The  fair  value  of  the  PSUs  subject  to  TSR  at  the  grant  date  was  determined  using  a  Monte  Carlo  simulation  method.    The 
Company  communicates  threshold,  target  and  maximum  performance  PSUs  and  performance  targets  to  the  applicable 
employees at the beginning of the performance periods.  Dividends are not paid in respect of the awards during the performance 
period, although dividend equivalents do accrue over the life of the award and will vest, if at all, at the same time as the PSUs to 

F-47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
which  they  relate.    The  number  of  PSUs  that  ultimately  vest  at  the  end  of  the  three-year  performance  period,  if  any,  will  be 
based on the Company's performance relative to the applicable performance metrics.  In 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company 
recognized compensation cost related to these grants of approximately $4.6 million, $2.3 million and $2.6 million, respectively.  
The  balance  of  unearned  compensation  related  to  PSU  grants  as  of  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021  was  approximately 
$4.4 million, $3.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively. 

A summary of the Company's nonvested PSUs for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022  is presented below:

Nonvested units at beginning of year

Granted

Vested

Forfeited

Nonvested units at end of year

2023

2022

Weighted 
Average 
Grant Date 
Fair Value

Shares

Weighted 
Average 
Grant Date 
Fair Value

Shares

110,254  $ 

84,487 

(43,182)   

(4,947)   

146,612 

47.15 

49.21 

45.65 

48.92 

48.72 

121,270  $ 

70,216 

(68,955)   

(12,277)   

110,254 

32.71 

48.12 

24.88 

35.19 

47.15 

NOTE 16. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

The Company maintains a risk management program to manage interest rate risk and pricing risk associated with its mortgage 
lending activities. This program includes the use of forward contracts and other derivatives that are used to offset changes in 
value of the mortgage inventory due to changes in market interest rates.  Forward contracts to sell primarily fixed-rate mortgage 
loans are entered into to reduce the exposure to market risk arising from potential changes in interest rates, which could affect 
the fair value of mortgage loans held for sale and outstanding interest rate lock commitments, which guarantee a certain interest 
rate  if  the  loan  is  ultimately  funded  or  granted  by  the  Company  as  a  mortgage  loan  held  for  sale.  The  commitments  to  sell 
mortgage loans are at fixed prices and are scheduled to settle at specified dates.

The  Company  enters  into  interest  rate  lock  commitments  for  residential  mortgage  loans  which  commits  it  to  lend  funds  to  a 
potential borrower at a specific interest rate and within a specified period of time. Interest rate lock commitments that relate to 
the origination of mortgage loans that, if originated, will be held for sale, are considered derivative financial instruments under 
applicable accounting guidance. Outstanding interest rate lock commitments expose the Company to the risk that the price of 
the mortgage loans underlying the commitments may decline due to increases in mortgage interest rates from inception of the 
rate lock to the funding of the loan and the eventual commitment for sale into the secondary market. 

These  mortgage  banking  derivatives  are  carried  at  fair  value  and  are  not  designated  in  hedge  relationships.  Fair  values  are 
estimated based on changes in mortgage interest rates from the date of the commitments. Changes in the fair values of these 
mortgage  banking  derivatives  are  included  as  a  component  of  mortgage  banking  activity  in  the  consolidated  statements  of 
income.  

Customer Related Derivative Positions

The  Company  enters  into  interest  rate  derivative  contracts  to  facilitate  the  risk  management  strategies  of  certain  clients.  The 
Company  mitigates  this  risk  largely  by  entering  into  equal  and  offsetting  interest  rate  swap  agreements  with  highly  rated 
counterparties.  The  interest  rate  contracts  are  free-standing  derivatives  and  are  recorded  at  fair  value  on  the  Company's 
consolidated balance sheets. The credit risk to these clients is evaluated and included in the calculation of fair value. Fair value 
changes including credit-related adjustments are recorded as a component of other noninterest income.

Risk Participation Agreement

The  Company  has  entered  into  a  risk  participation  agreement  swap,  that  is  associated  with  a  loan  participation,  where  the 
Company is not the  counterparty  to the interest  rate  swap that is  associated with the  risk participation sold.  The interest rate 
swap  mark  to  market  only  impacts  the  Company  if  the  swap  is  in  a  liability  position  to  the  counterparty  and  the  customer 
defaults on payments to the counterparty. 

F-48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table reflects the notional amount and fair value of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments 
included in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Fair Value

Fair Value

(dollars in thousands)
Interest rate contracts(3)
Risk participation agreement

Mortgage derivatives - interest rate lock 
commitments

Notional 
Amount

Derivative 
Assets(1)

Derivative 
Liabilities(2)

Notional 
Amount

Derivative 
Assets(1)

$ 

736,188  $ 

5,937  $ 

6,203  $ 

244,422  $ 

4,580  $ 

Derivative 
Liabilities(2)
4,574 

26,163 

— 

171,750 

3,636 

65 

— 

— 

— 

148,148 

1,434 

689,500 

2,499 

— 

— 

— 

Mortgage derivatives - forward contracts 
related to mortgage loans held for sale
(1)Derivative assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Derivative liabilities are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Includes interest rate contracts for client swaps and offsetting positions.

663,015 

— 

5,790 

The net gains (losses) relating to changes in fair value from derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are 
summarized below for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(dollars in thousands)
Interest rate contracts(1)
Risk participation agreement

Interest rate lock commitments

Location

2023

2022

2021

Year Ended December 31,

Other noninterest income

$ 

(272)  $ 

Other noninterest income

Mortgage banking activity

195 

2,201 

6  $ 

— 

(10,506) 

— 

— 

(39,816) 

15,705 

Forward contracts related to mortgage loans held for sale
(1)Gain (loss) represents net fair value adjustments (including credit related adjustments) for client swaps and offsetting positions. 

Mortgage banking activity

(8,289) 

3,209 

NOTE 17. FAIR VALUE MEASURES

The fair value of an asset or liability is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a 
forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no 
quoted market prices for the Company’s various assets and liabilities. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair 
value  is  based  on  discounted  cash  flows  or  other  valuation  techniques.  These  techniques  are  significantly  affected  by  the 
assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not 
be  realized  in  an  immediate  settlement  of  the  asset  or  liability.  The  accounting  standard  for  disclosures  about  the  fair  value 
measures excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, 
the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

The Company's loans held for sale under the fair value option are comprised of the following:

(dollars in thousands)

Mortgage loans held for sale

SBA loans held for sale

Total loans held for sale

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

$ 

281,332  $ 

390,583 

— 

1,495 

281,332  $ 

392,078 

The Company has elected to record mortgage loans held for sale at fair value in order to eliminate the complexities and inherent 
difficulties of achieving hedge accounting and to better align reported results with the underlying economic changes in value of 
the loans and related hedge instruments. This election impacts the timing and recognition of origination fees and costs, as well 
as servicing value, which are now recognized in earnings at the time of origination. Interest income on mortgage loans held for 
sale is recorded on an accrual basis in the consolidated statement of income under the heading interest income – interest and 
fees on loans. The servicing value is included in the fair value of the interest rate lock commitments with borrowers. The mark 
to  market  adjustments  related  to  mortgage  loans  held  for  sale  and  the  associated  economic  hedges  are  captured  in  mortgage 
banking activities. A net gain of $6.4 million and net losses of $35.4 million and $14.2 million resulting from fair value changes 
of  these  mortgage  loans  were  recorded  in  income  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021,  respectively. 
These amounts do not reflect changes in fair values of related derivative instruments used to hedge exposure to market-related 
risks  associated  with  these  mortgage  loans.    The  Company’s  valuation  of  mortgage  loans  held  for  sale  incorporates  an 

F-49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
assumption  for  credit  risk;  however,  given  the  short-term  period  that  the  Company  holds  these  loans,  valuation  adjustments 
attributable to instrument-specific credit risk is nominal.  Net losses of $6.1 million, $7.3 million and $24.1 million resulting 
from changes in the fair value of the related derivative financial instruments used to hedge exposure to the market-related risks 
associated  with  these  mortgage  loans  were  recorded  in  income  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021, 
respectively.  

The following table summarizes the difference between the fair value and the principal balance for mortgage loans held for sale 
measured at fair value as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(dollars in thousands)

December 31,

2023

2022

Aggregate fair value of mortgage loans held for sale

$ 

281,332  $ 

Aggregate unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans held for sale

Past due loans of 90 days or more

Nonaccrual loans

Unpaid principal balance of nonaccrual loans

273,915 

781 

781 

774 

390,583 

389,610 

— 

— 

— 

The  following  table  summarizes  the  difference  between  the  fair  value  and  the  principal  balance  for  SBA  loans  held  for  sale 
measured at fair value as of  December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(dollars in thousands)

Aggregate fair value of SBA loans held for sale

Aggregate unpaid principal balance of SBA loans held for sale

Past due loans of 90 days or more

Nonaccrual loans

December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

—  $ 

— 

— 

— 

1,495 

1,350 

— 

— 

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine 
fair value disclosures. Securities available-for-sale, loans held for sale and derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair 
value  on  a  recurring  basis.  From  time  to  time,  the  Company  may  be  required  to  record  at  fair  value  other  assets  on  a 
nonrecurring basis, such as collateral-dependent loans, loan servicing rights and OREO. Additionally, the Company is required 
to disclose, but not record, the fair value of other financial instruments.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities 
are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in 
markets  that  are  not  active;  or  other  inputs  that  are  observable  or  can  be  corroborated  by  observable  market  data  for 
substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the 
assets or liabilities.

The  following  methods  and  assumptions  were  used  by  the  Company  in  estimating  the  fair  value  of  its  assets  and  liabilities 
recorded at fair value and for estimating the fair value of its financial instruments:

Cash and Due From Banks and Interest-Bearing Deposits in Banks: Cash and due from banks and interest-bearing deposits 
in banks are repriced on a short-term basis; as such, the carrying value approximates fair value approximates fair value.

Debt  Securities:  The  fair  value  of  debt  securities  is  determined  by  various  valuation  methodologies.  Where  quoted  market 
prices  are  available  in  an  active  market,  securities  are  classified  within  Level  1  of  the  valuation  hierarchy.  If  quoted  market 
prices  are  not  available,  then  fair  values  are  estimated  by  using  pricing  models,  quoted  prices  of  securities  with  similar 
characteristics, or discounted cash flows, and are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy and includes certain U.S. 

F-50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
agency  bonds,  mortgage-backed  securities,  collateralized  mortgage  and  debt  obligations,  SBA  pool  securities  and  municipal 
securities. The Level 2 fair value pricing is provided by an independent third party and is based upon similar securities in an 
active market. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the 
hierarchy and may include certain residual municipal securities and other less liquid securities.

Loans Held for Sale: The Company records mortgage and SBA loans held for sale at fair value under the fair value option. 
The  fair  value  of  loans  held  for  sale  is  determined  on  outstanding  commitments  from  third  party  investors  in  the  secondary 
markets and is classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.  Other loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or 
fair value.  

Loans: The fair value for loans held for investment is estimated using an exit price methodology.  An exit price methodology 
considers expected cash flows that take into account contractual loan terms, as applicable,  prepayment expectations, probability 
of  default,  loss  severity  in  the  event  of  default,  recovery  lag  and,  in  the  case  of  variable  rate  loans,  expectations  for  future 
interest  rate  movements.    These  cash  flows  are  present  valued  at  a  risk  adjusted  discount  rate,  which  considers  the  cost  of 
funding, liquidity, servicing costs, and other factors.   Because observable quoted prices seldom exist for identical or similar 
assets carried in loans held for investment, Level 3 inputs are primarily used to determine fair value exit pricing.  The fair value 
of  collateral-dependent  loans  is  estimated  based  on  discounted  cash  flows  or  underlying  collateral  values,  where  applicable. 
When  foreclosure  is  probable,  the  fair  value  of  collateral-dependent  loans  is  determined  based  on  collateral  values  less 
estimated costs to sell.  The fair value of collateral dependent-loans for which foreclosure is not probable is measured either 
using  discounted  cash  flows  or  estimated  collateral  value.    Management  has  determined  that  the  majority  of  collateral-
dependent loans are Level 3 assets due to the extensive use of market appraisals.

Other Real Estate Owned: The fair value of OREO is determined using certified appraisals and internal evaluations that value 
the property at its highest and best use by applying traditional valuation methods common to the industry. The Company does 
not hold any OREO for profit purposes and all other real estate is actively marketed for sale. In most cases, management has 
determined that additional write-downs are required beyond what is calculable from the appraisal to carry the property at levels 
that would attract buyers. Because this additional write-down is not based on observable inputs, management has determined 
that OREO should be classified as Level 3.

Deposits: The carrying amount of demand deposits, savings deposits and variable-rate certificates of deposit approximates fair 
value due to those products having no stated maturity. The fair value of fixed-rate certificates of deposit is estimated based on 
discounted contractual cash flows using interest rates currently being offered for certificates of similar maturities.

Other Borrowings: The carrying amount of variable rate other borrowings approximates fair value and is classified as Level 1. 
The  fair  value  of  fixed  rate  other  borrowings  is  estimated  based  on  discounted  contractual  cash  flows  using  the  current 
incremental borrowing rates for similar borrowing arrangements and is classified as Level 2.

Subordinated  Deferrable  Interest  Debentures:  The  fair  value  of  the  Company’s  trust  preferred  securities  is  based  on 
discounted cash flows using rates for securities with similar terms and remaining maturities and are classified as Level 2.

Off-Balance-Sheet Instruments: Because commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are typically made using 
variable rates and have short maturities, the carrying value and fair value are immaterial for disclosure.

Derivatives: The Company has entered into derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk. The valuation of these 
instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected 
cash flows of the derivatives. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivative, including the period to maturity, and 
uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair value of the derivatives is 
determined  using  the  market  standard  methodology  of  netting  the  discounted  future  fixed  cash  receipts  and  the  discounted 
expected  variable  cash  payments.  The  variable  cash  payments  are  based  on  an  expectation  of  future  interest  rates  (forward 
curves derived from observable market interest rate curves).

The  Company  incorporates  credit  valuation  adjustments  to  appropriately  reflect  both  its  own  nonperformance  risk  and  the 
respective  counterparty’s  nonperformance  risk  in  the  fair  value  measurements.  In  adjusting  the  fair  value  of  its  derivative 
contracts  for  the  effect  of  nonperformance  risk,  the  Company  has  considered  the  impact  of  netting  any  applicable  credit 
enhancements such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts and guarantees.

Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivative fall within Level 2 of the fair 
value  hierarchy,  the  credit  valuation  adjustments  associated  with  its  derivatives  utilize  Level  3  inputs,  such  as  estimates  of 
current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself or the counterparty. However, as of December 31, 2023, the 

F-51

Company  has  assessed  the  significance  of  the  impact  of  the  credit  valuation  adjustments  on  the  overall  valuation  of  its 
derivative  positions  and  has  determined  that  the  credit  valuation  adjustment  is  not  significant  to  the  overall  valuation  of  its 
derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuation in its entirety is classified in Level 2 of the 
fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and 
the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(dollars in thousands) 

Financial assets:

U.S. Treasuries 

U.S. government-sponsored agencies

State, county and municipal securities

Corporate debt securities

SBA pool securities

Mortgage-backed securities

Loans held for sale

Derivative financial instruments

Mortgage banking derivative instruments

Total recurring assets at fair value

Financial liabilities:

Derivative financial instruments

Mortgage banking derivative instruments

Total recurring liabilities at fair value

(dollars in thousands)

Financial assets:

U.S. Treasuries

U.S. government-sponsored agencies

State, county and municipal securities

Corporate debt securities

SBA pool securities

Mortgage-backed securities

Loans held for sale

Derivative financial instruments

Mortgage banking derivative instruments

Total recurring assets at fair value

Financial liabilities:

Derivative financial instruments

Total recurring liabilities at fair value

Recurring Basis
Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2023

Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$ 

720,877  $ 

720,877  $ 

—  $ 

985 

28,051 

10,027 

51,516 

591,488 

281,332 

5,937 

3,636 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

985 

28,051 

9,037 

51,516 

591,488 

281,332 

5,937 

3,636 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1,693,849  $ 

720,877  $ 

971,982  $ 

6,203  $ 

5,790 

11,993  $ 

—  $ 

— 

—  $ 

6,203  $ 

5,790 

11,993  $ 

Recurring Basis
Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2022

Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

— 

— 

— 

990 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

990 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

759,534  $ 

759,534  $ 

—  $ 

979 

34,195 

15,926 

27,398 

662,028 

392,078 

4,580 

3,933 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

979 

34,195 

14,771 

27,398 

662,028 

392,078 

4,580 

3,933 

— 

— 

— 

1,155 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

$ 

$ 

1,900,651  $ 

759,534  $ 

1,139,962  $ 

1,155 

4,574  $ 

4,574  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

4,574  $ 

4,574  $ 

— 

— 

F-52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, as well as 
the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2023
Collateral-dependent loans
Other real estate owned
Total nonrecurring assets at fair value

December 31, 2022
Collateral-dependent loans
Total nonrecurring assets at fair value

Nonrecurring Basis
Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

36,978  $ 

5,324 
42,302  $ 

31,972  $ 
31,972  $ 

—  $ 
— 
—  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

—  $ 
— 
—  $ 

36,978 
5,324 
42,302 

—  $ 
—  $ 

31,972 
31,972 

The  inputs  used  to  determine  estimated  fair  value  of  collateral-dependent  loans  include  market  conditions,  loan  term, 
underlying  collateral  characteristics  and  discount  rates.  The  inputs  used  to  determine  fair  value  of  OREO  include  market 
conditions, estimated marketing period or holding period, underlying collateral characteristics and discount rates.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was not a change in the methods and significant assumptions used to 
estimate fair value.

The following table shows significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 assets.

(dollars in thousands)
As of December 31, 2023

Recurring:

Fair 
Value

Valuation
Technique

Unobservable
Inputs

Range of 
Discounts

Weighted 
Average 
Discount

Debt securities available-for-sale

$ 

990  Discounted cash flows

Nonrecurring:

Collateral-dependent loans

$  36,978 

Third-party appraisals 
and discounted cash 
flows

Other real estate owned

As of December 31, 2022

Recurring:

$ 

5,324 

Third party appraisals
and sales contracts

Debt securities available-for-sale

$ 

1,155  Discounted cash flows

Probability of 
Default

Loss Given 
Default

Collateral
discounts and 
discount rates
Collateral
discounts and
estimated
costs to sell

Probability of 
Default

Loss Given 
Default

11%

42%

11%

42%

11% - 60%

28%

15% - 33%

22%

12.1%

12.1%

41%

41%

Nonrecurring:

Collateral-dependent loans

$  31,972 

Third-party appraisals 
and discounted cash 
flows

Collateral
discounts and 
discount rates

0% - 48%

27%

F-53

 
 
 
 
The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, not shown elsewhere in these financial 
statements, were as follows. 

(dollars in thousands)
Financial assets:

Cash and due from banks
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing accounts
Debt securities held-to-maturity
Loans, net

Financial liabilities:

Deposits
Other borrowings
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures

(dollars in thousands)
Financial assets:

Cash and due from banks
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing accounts
Debt securities held-to-maturity
Loans, net

Financial liabilities:

Deposits
Other borrowings
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures

NOTE 18. LEASES

Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2023

Carrying 
Amount

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

$  230,470  $  230,470  $ 

936,834 
— 
— 

—  $ 
— 
122,731 
— 

—  $  230,470 
936,834 
— 
122,731 
— 
  19,332,899 
  19,332,899 

936,834 
141,512 
  19,925,225 

  20,708,509 
509,586 
130,315 

Carrying 
Amount

833,565 
134,864 
  19,617,604 

  19,462,738 
  1,875,736 
128,322 

— 
— 
— 

  20,707,463 
501,723 
141,407 

— 
— 
— 

  20,707,463 
501,723 
141,407 

Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2022

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

$  284,567  $  284,567  $ 

833,565 
— 
— 

—  $ 
— 
114,538 
— 

—  $  284,567 
833,565 
— 
114,538 
  19,067,612 

  19,067,612 

— 
— 
— 

  19,455,187 
  1,861,850 
125,988 

— 
— 
— 

  19,455,187 
  1,861,850 
125,988 

Operating  lease  cost  was  $12.3  million,  $11.6  million  and  $12.3  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and 
2021, respectively.  For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, sublease income offsetting operating lease cost 
was not material.  Variable rent expense and short-term lease expense were not material for the years ended December 31, 2023 
and 2022.  

The  following  table  presents  the  impact  of  leases  on  the  Company's  consolidated  balance  sheets  at  December  31,  2023  and 
2022:

(dollars in thousands)

Operating lease right-of-use assets

Operating lease liabilities

December 31,

Location

2023

2022

Other assets

$ 

49,864  $ 

Other liabilities

58,521 

56,333 

65,088 

F-54

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Future maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities are summarized as follows: 

(dollars in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

Thereafter

Total lease payments

Less: Interest

Present value of lease liabilities

(dollars in thousands)

Supplemental lease information

Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)

Weighted-average discount rate

Lease Liability

$ 

11,245 

9,125 

8,592 

7,558 

6,007 

20,533 

63,060 

(4,539) 

58,521 

$ 

$ 

December 31,

2023

2022

2021

7.6

 1.68 %

8.1

 1.46 %

8.3

 1.36 %

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

Operating cash flows from operating leases (cash payments)

Operating cash flows from operating leases (lease liability reduction)

Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for leases entered into 
during the year, net of business combinations

$ 

$ 

$ 

12,045 

12,045 

2,827 

$ 

$ 

$ 

12,013 

12,064 

7,226 

$ 

$ 

$ 

12,334 

12,563 

10,426 

NOTE 19. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Loan Commitments

The  Company  is  a  party  to  financial  instruments  with  off-balance-sheet  risk  in  the  normal  course  of  business  to  meet  the 
financing  needs  of  its  customers.  These  financial  instruments  include  commitments  to  extend  credit  and  standby  letters  of 
credit. They involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the 
consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the 
same  credit  policies  in  making  commitments  and  conditional  obligations  as  it  does  for  on-balance-sheet  instruments.  A 
summary of the Company’s commitments is as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
Commitments to extend credit
Unused home equity lines of credit
Financial standby letters of credit
Mortgage interest rate lock commitments

$ 

December 31,

2023
4,412,818  $ 
386,574 
37,546 
171,750 

2022
6,318,039 
345,001 
33,557 
148,148 

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established 
in  the  contract.  These  commitments,  predominantly  at  variable  interest  rates,  generally  have  fixed  expiration  dates  or  other 
termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being 
drawn  upon,  the  total  commitment  amounts  do  not  necessarily  represent  future  cash  requirements.  The  amount  of  collateral 
obtained,  if  deemed  necessary  by  the  Company  upon  extension  of  credit,  is  based  on  management’s  credit  evaluation  of  the 
customer.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a 
third  party.  Those  guarantees  are  primarily  issued  to  support  public  and  private  borrowing  arrangements.  The  credit  risk 
involved  in  issuing  letters  of  credit  is  essentially  the  same  as  that  involved  in  extending  loans  to  customers.  Collateral  is 
required  in  instances  which  the  Company  deems  necessary.  The  Company  has  not  been  required  to  perform  on  any  material 

F-55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
financial  standby  letters  of  credit  and  the  Company  has  not  incurred  any  losses  on  financial  standby  letters  of  credit  for  the 
years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments which is recorded in other liabilities on the 
consolidated balance sheet.  The following table presents activity in the allowance for unfunded commitments for the periods 
presented. 

(dollars in thousands)

Balance at beginning of period

Provision for unfunded commitments

Balance at end of period

Other Commitments

Years Ended December 31,
2022

2021

2023

$ 

$ 

52,411  $ 

33,185  $ 

(10,853) 

19,226 

41,558  $ 

52,411  $ 

32,853 

332 

33,185 

As  of  December  31,  2023,  letters  of  credit  issued  by  the  FHLB  totaling  $950.0  million  were  used  to  guarantee  the  Bank’s 
performance related to a portion of its public fund deposit balances.

Litigation and Regulatory Contingencies

From time to time, the Company and the Bank are subject to various legal proceedings, claims and disputes that arise in the 
ordinary  course  of  business.    The  Company  and  the  Bank  are  also  subject  to  regulatory  examinations,  information  gathering 
requests,  inquiries  and  investigations  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business.    Based  on  the  Company’s  current  knowledge  and 
advice of counsel, management presently does not believe that the liabilities arising from these legal and regulatory matters will 
have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  or  cash  flows.  
However, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these legal and regulatory matters could have a material adverse effect on 
the Company’s results of operations and financial condition for any particular period.

The Company’s management and its legal counsel periodically assess contingent liabilities, which may result in a loss to the 
Company  but  which  will  only  be  resolved  when  one  or  more  future  events  occur  or  fail  to  occur,  and  such  assessment 
inherently  involves  an  exercise  of  judgment.    In  assessing  loss  contingencies  related  to  legal  proceedings  that  are  pending 
against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company evaluates the perceived merits of 
any  legal  proceedings  or  unasserted  claims,  as  well  as  the  perceived  merits  of  the  amount  of  relief  sought  or  expected  to  be 
sought therein.  If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the 
amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements.  If 
the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable 
but  cannot  be  estimated,  then  the  nature  of  the  contingent  liability,  together  with  an  estimate  of  the  range  of  possible  loss  if 
determinable and material, would be disclosed.  Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they 
involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee would be disclosed.

NOTE 20. REGULATORY MATTERS

The  Bank  is  subject  to  certain  restrictions  on  the  amount  of  dividends  that  may  be  declared  without  prior  regulatory 
approval. At December 31, 2023, $149.3 million of retained earnings were available for dividend declaration without regulatory 
approval.

The  Company  and  the  Bank  are  subject  to  various  regulatory  capital  requirements  administered  by  the  federal  banking 
agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, 
actions  by  regulators  that,  if  undertaken,  could  have  a  direct  material  effect  on  the  Company’s  and  Bank’s  financial 
statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the 
Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-
sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative 
judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

Under  the  regulatory  capital  frameworks  adopted  by  the  Federal  Reserve  and  the  FDIC,  Ameris  and  the  Bank  must  each 
maintain  a  common  equity  Tier  1  capital  to  total  risk-weighted  assets  ratio  of  at  least  4.5%,  a  Tier  1  capital  to  total  risk-
weighted assets ratio of at least 6%, a total capital to total risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 8% and a leverage ratio of Tier 1 
capital  to  average  total  consolidated  assets  of  at  least  4%.  Ameris  and  the  Bank  are  also  required  to  maintain  a  capital 

F-56

 
 
 
conservation buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital of at least 2.5% of risk-weighted assets in addition to the minimum risk-
based capital ratios in order to avoid certain restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments.

In March 2020, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC issued an interim final rule 
that  delays  the  estimated  impact  on  regulatory  capital  stemming  from  the  implementation  of  CECL.  The  interim  final  rule 
provides banking organizations that implement CECL in 2020 the option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on 
regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition 
period. As a result, the Company and Bank elected the five-year transition relief allowed under the interim final rule effective 
March 31, 2020.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the most recent notification from the regulatory authorities categorized the Bank as well 
capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must 
maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth 
in  the  following  table.  There  are  no  conditions  or  events  since  that  notification  that  management  believes  have  changed  the 
Bank’s category. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.

The Company’s and Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table.

Actual

For Capital Adequacy 
Purposes

To Be Well Capitalized 
Under Prompt 
Corrective Action 
Provisions

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

(dollars in thousands)
As of December 31, 2023
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio (tier 1 capital to average 
assets):

Company
Bank

$  2,417,341 
$  2,600,274 

 9.93 % $  974,053 
 10.69 % $  973,023 

 4.00 %
 4.00 % $  1,216,279 

—N/A—
 5.00 %

CET1 Ratio (common equity tier 1 capital to risk 
weighted assets):

Company
Bank

$  2,417,341 
$  2,600,274 

 11.23 % $  1,506,241 
 12.09 % $  1,505,318 

 7.00 %
 7.00 % $  1,397,795 

—N/A—
 6.50 %

Tier 1 Capital Ratio (tier 1 capital to risk weighted 
assets):

Company
Bank

$  2,417,341 
$  2,600,274 

 11.23 % $  1,829,007 
 12.09 % $  1,827,886 

 8.50 %
 8.50 % $  1,720,363 

—N/A—
 8.00 %

Total Capital Ratio (total capital to risk weighted 
assets):

Company
Bank

$  3,110,025 
$  2,944,480 

 14.45 % $  2,259,362 
 13.69 % $  2,257,977 

 10.50 %
 10.50 % $  2,150,454 

—N/A—
 10.00 %

As of December 31, 2022
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio (tier 1 capital to average 
assets):

Company
Bank

$  2,185,694 
$  2,464,589 

 9.36 % $  933,928 
 10.56 % $  933,284 

 4.00 %
 4.00 % $  1,166,605 

—N/A—
 5.00 %

CET1 Ratio (common equity tier 1 capital to risk 
weighted assets):

Company
Bank

$  2,185,694 
$  2,464,589 

 9.86 % $  1,551,305 
 11.12 % $  1,551,185 

 7.00 %
 7.00 % $  1,440,386 

—N/A—
 6.50 %

Tier 1 Capital Ratio (tier 1 capital to risk weighted 
assets):

Company
Bank

$  2,185,694 
$  2,464,589 

 9.86 % $  1,883,727 
 11.12 % $  1,883,581 

 8.50 %
 8.50 % $  1,772,782 

—N/A—
 8.00 %

Total Capital Ratio (total capital to risk weighted 
assets):

Company
Bank

$  2,859,680 
$  2,720,253 

 12.90 % $  2,326,957 
 12.28 % $  2,326,777 

 10.50 %
 10.50 % $  2,215,978 

—N/A—
 10.00 %

F-57

The CET1 Ratios, the Tier 1 Capital Ratios, and the Total Capital Ratios displayed in the above table under the heading “For 
Capital Adequacy Purposes” includes the capital conservation buffer of 2.50% for December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. 

NOTE 21. SEGMENT REPORTING

The following table presents selected financial information with respect to the Company’s reportable business segments for the 
years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

(dollars in thousands)
Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Provision for credit losses
Noninterest income
Noninterest expense

Salaries and employee benefits
Occupancy and equipment expenses
Data processing and communications expenses
Other expenses

Total noninterest expense
Income before income tax expense
Income tax expense
Net income

Total assets
Goodwill
Other intangible assets, net

(dollars in thousands)
Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Provision for credit losses
Noninterest income
Noninterest expense

Salaries and employee benefits
Occupancy and equipment expenses
Data processing and communications expenses
Other expenses

Total noninterest expense
Income before income tax expense
Income tax expense
Net income

Total assets
Goodwill
Other intangible assets, net

Year Ended 
December 31, 2023

Banking 
Division

Retail 
Mortgage 
Division

Warehouse 
Lending 
Division

SBA 
Division

Premium 
Finance 
Division

Total

$ 

894,514  $  212,106  $ 
214,036 
680,478 
129,998 
98,864 

123,804 
88,302 
9,535 
137,145 

223,551 
46,083 
48,021 
100,029 
417,684 
231,660 
61,649 

$ 

170,011  $ 

80,317 
4,899 
4,836 
47,393 
137,445 
78,467 
16,478 
61,989  $ 

$ 18,041,865  $  4,916,753  $ 
—  $ 
$ 
—  $ 
$ 

951,148  $ 
81,959  $ 

71,110  $ 
47,271 
23,839 
(440) 
3,475 

2,794 
5 
171 
873 
3,843 
23,911 
5,021 
18,890  $ 

18,925  $ 
10,507 
8,418 
2,791 
3,313 

83,780  $  1,280,435 
445,391 
49,773 
835,044 
34,007 
142,656 
772 
242,828 
31 

4,848 
149 
134 
723 
5,854 
3,086 
648 
2,438  $ 

8,600 
314 
324 
4,217 
13,455 
19,811 
4,034 
15,777  $ 

320,110 
51,450 
53,486 
153,235 
578,281 
356,935 
87,830 
269,105 

825,415  $  249,761  $ 1,169,905  $ 25,203,699 
64,498  $  1,015,646 
87,949 
5,990  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

Year Ended 
December 31, 2022

Banking 
Division

Retail 
Mortgage 
Division

Warehouse 
Lending 
Division

SBA 
Division

Premium 
Finance 
Division

$ 

628,459  $  155,533  $ 
(17,824) 
646,283 
61,898 
91,550 

76,339 
79,194 
12,351 
182,039 

196,823 
45,081 
43,957 
85,953 
371,814 
304,121 
75,367 

$ 

228,754  $ 

107,810 
5,579 
4,580 
48,224 
166,193 
82,689 
17,364 
65,325  $ 

43,521  $ 
16,794 
26,727 
(1,074) 
4,537 

1,973 
4 
187 
830 
2,994 
29,344 
6,162 
23,182  $ 

19,850  $ 
5,126 
14,724 
(349) 
6,265 

46,523  $ 
12,425 
34,098 
(1,129) 
33 

5,305 
360 
116 
1,387 
7,168 
14,170 
2,976 
11,194  $ 

7,808 
337 
388 
3,953 
12,486 
22,774 
4,689 
18,085  $ 

Total
893,886 
92,860 
801,026 
71,697 
284,424 

319,719 
51,361 
49,228 
140,347 
560,655 
453,098 
106,558 
346,540 

$ 17,848,972  $  4,739,612  $  1,016,192  $  256,077  $ 1,192,433  $ 25,053,286 
64,498  $  1,015,646 
—  $ 
$ 
106,194 
8,940  $ 
—  $ 
$ 

951,148  $ 
97,254  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

F-58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Provision for credit losses
Noninterest income
Noninterest expense

Salaries and employee benefits
Occupancy and equipment expenses
Data processing and communications expenses
Other expenses

Total noninterest expense
Income before income tax expense
Income tax expense
Net income

Total assets
Goodwill
Other intangible assets, net

Year Ended 
December 31, 2021

Banking 
Division

Retail 
Mortgage 
Division

Warehouse 
Lending 
Division

SBA 
Division

Premium 
Finance 
Division

36,784  $ 
1,383 
35,401 
(514) 
4,603 

1,130 
3 
232 
490 
1,855 
38,663 
8,120 
30,543  $ 

56,597  $ 
5,062 
51,535 
(2,921) 
9,360 

29,636  $ 
1,545 
28,091 
(2,011) 
17 

Total
703,112 
47,785 
655,327 
(35,365) 
365,544 

4,856 
475 
47 
1,594 
6,972 
56,844 
11,937 
44,907  $ 

6,915 
317 
344 
3,683 
11,259 
18,860 
4,493 
14,367  $ 

337,776 
48,066 
45,976 
128,306 
560,124 
496,112 
119,199 
376,913 

760,546  $  419,040  $  909,747  $ 23,858,321 
64,498  $  1,012,620 
125,938 
11,890  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

$ 

449,955  $  130,140  $ 

(7,627) 
457,582 
(32,866) 
69,664 

157,079 
41,065 
39,802 
84,244 
322,190 
237,922 
64,446 

47,422 
82,718 
2,947 
281,900 

167,796 
6,206 
5,551 
38,295 
217,848 
143,823 
30,203 

$ 

173,476  $  113,620  $ 

$ 17,537,221  $  4,231,767  $ 
—  $ 
$ 
—  $ 
$ 

948,122  $ 
114,048  $ 

F-59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 22. CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF AMERIS BANCORP (PARENT COMPANY ONLY)

Condensed Balance Sheets
December 31, 2023 and 2022 
(dollars in thousands)

Assets

Cash and due from banks
Investment in subsidiaries
Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities

Other liabilities
Other borrowings
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures

Total liabilities
Shareholders' equity
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

2023

2022

165,179  $ 

3,611,093 
29,898 
3,806,170  $ 

153,099 
3,477,917 
19,896 
3,650,912 

33,766  $ 

215,342 
130,315 
379,423 
3,426,747 
3,806,170  $ 

23,985 
301,205 
128,322 
453,512 
3,197,400 
3,650,912 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Condensed Statements of Income
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 
(dollars in thousands)

Income

Dividends from subsidiaries
Other income
Securities gains

Total income

Expense

Interest expense
Other expense

Total expense

Income before taxes and equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
Income tax benefit
Income before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
Net income

2023

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

175,000  $ 
462 
— 
175,462 

50,000  $ 
175 
270 
50,445 

24,568 
13,858 
38,426 

22,170 
11,154 
33,324 

137,036 
10,738 
147,774 
121,331 
269,105  $ 

17,121 
8,553 
25,674 
320,866 
346,540  $ 

142,000 
101 
— 
142,101 

19,610 
13,031 
32,641 

109,460 
6,878 
116,338 
260,575 
376,913 

F-60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 
(dollars in thousands)

OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

$ 

269,105  $ 

346,540  $ 

376,913 

2023

2022

2021

Share-based compensation expense
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries
Decrease increase in interest payable
(Increase) decrease in tax receivable
Provision for deferred taxes
Gain on sale of other investments
Change attributable to other operating activities

Total adjustments
Net cash provided by operating activities

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Net (increase) decrease in other investments
Investment in subsidiary
Net cash used in investing activities

FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of treasury shares
Dividends paid - common stock
Repayment of other borrowings
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Net cash used in by financing activities

Net change in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Cash paid during the year for interest
Cash received during the year for income taxes

NOTE 23. LOAN SERVICING RIGHTS

9,950 
(121,331) 
(319) 
3,021 
(1,165) 
— 
1,188 
(108,656) 
160,449 

— 
— 
— 

(20,346) 
(41,649) 
(86,850) 
476 
(148,369) 

6,706 
(320,866) 
(961) 
8,596 
(649) 
(270) 
200 
(307,244) 
39,296 

213 
(65,000) 
(64,787) 

(22,421) 
(41,610) 
— 
2,799 
(61,232) 

7,948 
(260,575) 
(36) 
(6,238) 
1,694 
— 
3,678 
(253,529) 
123,384 

(4,500) 
— 
(4,500) 

(9,439) 
(41,798) 
— 
4,532 
(46,705) 

12,080 
153,099 
165,179  $ 

(86,723) 
239,822 
153,099  $ 

72,179 
167,643 
239,822 

24,887  $ 
(12,593)  $ 

23,131  $ 
(16,499)  $ 

19,646 
(2,367) 

$ 

$ 
$ 

The Company sells certain residential mortgage loans and SBA loans to third parties. All such transfers are accounted for as 
sales  and  the  continuing  involvement  in  the  loans  sold  is  limited  to  certain  servicing  responsibilities.  The  Company  has  also 
acquired portfolios of residential mortgage and SBA loans serviced for others. Loan servicing rights are initially recorded at fair 
value and subsequently recorded at the lower of cost or fair value and are amortized over the remaining service life of the loans, 
with  consideration  given  to  prepayment  assumptions.    Loan  servicing  rights  are  recorded  in  other  assets  on  the  consolidated 
balance sheets.  

The carrying value of the loan servicing rights assets is shown in the table below:

(dollars in thousands)

Loan Servicing Rights

Residential mortgage

SBA

Total loan servicing rights

Residential Mortgage Loans

December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022

$ 

$ 

171,915  $ 

2,737 

174,652  $ 

147,014 

3,443 

150,457 

F-61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Company  sells  certain  first-lien  residential  mortgage  loans  to  third  party  investors,  primarily  Federal  National  Mortgage 
Association  (“FNMA”),  Government  National  Mortgage  Association  (“GNMA”),  and  Federal  Home  Loan  Mortgage 
Corporation (“FHLMC”). The Company retains the related mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) and receives servicing fees on 
certain of these loans.  The net gain on loan sales, MSRs amortization and recoveries/impairment, and ongoing servicing fees 
on the portfolio of loans serviced for others are recorded in the consolidated statements of income as part of mortgage banking 
activity.

During  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021,  the  Company  recorded  servicing  fee  income  of  $61.8  million,  
$70.0 million and $51.4 million,  respectively.  Servicing fee income includes servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees earned 
for each period.

The table below is an analysis of the activity in the Company’s MSRs and impairment:

(dollars in thousands)

Residential mortgage servicing rights

Beginning carrying value, net

Additions

Amortization

(Impairment)/recoveries

Disposals

Ending carrying value, net

(dollars in thousands)

Residential mortgage servicing impairment

Beginning balance

Additions

Recoveries

Reduction due to disposal

Ending balance

Years Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

147,014  $ 

206,944  $ 

44,305 

(19,404)   

— 

— 

64,020 

(24,995)   

21,824 

(120,779)   

130,630 

93,229 

(30,540) 

13,625 

— 

$ 

171,915  $ 

147,014  $ 

206,944 

Years Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

—  $ 

25,782  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(21,824)   

(3,958)   

—  $ 

—  $ 

39,407 

1,398 

(15,023) 

— 

25,782 

The key metrics and the sensitivity of the residential mortgage servicing rights fair value to adverse changes in model inputs 
and/or assumptions are summarized below:

(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage servicing rights

Unpaid principal balance of loans serviced for others

Composition of residential loans serviced for others:

FHLMC

FNMA

GNMA

Total

Weighted average term (months)

Weighted average age (months)

Modeled prepayment speed

Decline in fair value due to a 10% adverse change

Decline in fair value due to a 20% adverse change

Weighted average discount rate

Decline in fair value due to a 10% adverse change

Decline in fair value due to a 20% adverse change

F-62

December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022

$ 

12,454,454 

$ 

10,046,052 

 17.54 %

 50.51 %

 31.95 %

 100.00 %

355

27

 8.56 %

(4,492) 

(9,444) 

 10.98 %

(5,110) 

(11,181) 

 16.80 %

 50.09 %

 33.11 %

 100.00 %

353

22

 8.22 %

(5,800) 

(11,184) 

 10.00 %

(6,413) 

(12,330) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  sensitivity  calculations  above  are  hypothetical  and  should  not  be  considered  to  be  predictive  of  future  performance.  As 
indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in model inputs and/or assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated 
because the relationship of a change in input or assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. In addition, the effect 
of an adverse variation in a particular input or assumption on the value of the residential mortgage servicing rights is calculated 
without changing any other input or assumption. In reality, a change in another factor may magnify or counteract the effect of 
the change in the first.

SBA Loans

All sales of SBA loans, consisting of the guaranteed portion, are executed on a servicing retained basis. These loans, which are 
partially  guaranteed  by  the  SBA,  are  generally  secured  by  business  property  such  as  real  estate,  inventory,  equipment  and 
accounts receivable.  The net gain on SBA loan sales, amortization and impairment/recoveries of servicing rights, and ongoing 
servicing fees are recorded in the consolidated statements of income as part of other noninterest income.

During  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021,  the  Company  recorded  servicing  fee  income  of  $2.8  million, 
$3.6 million and $4.0 million, respectively.  Servicing fee income includes servicing fees, late fees and ancillary fees earned for 
each period.

The table below is an analysis of the activity in the Company’s SBA loan servicing rights and impairment:

(dollars in thousands)

SBA servicing rights

Beginning carrying value, net

Additions

Amortization

(Impairment)/recovery

Ending carrying value, net

(dollars in thousands)

SBA servicing impairment

Beginning balance

Additions

Recoveries

Ending balance

Years Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

3,443  $ 

5,556  $ 

392 

(1,098)   

— 

889 

(3,002)   

— 

2,737  $ 

3,443  $ 

Years Ended December 31,

5,839 

954 

(2,142) 

905 

5,556 

2023

2022

2021

—  $ 

—  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

—  $ 

—  $ 

905 

— 

(905) 

— 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

The  key  metrics  and  the  sensitivity  of  the  SBA  servicing  rights  fair  value  to  adverse  changes  in  model  inputs  and/or 
assumptions are summarized below:

(dollars in thousands)
SBA servicing rights

December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022

Unpaid principal balance of loans serviced for others

$ 

271,164 

$ 

326,418 

Weighted average life (in years)

Modeled prepayment speed

Decline in fair value due to a 10% adverse change

Decline in fair value due to a 20% adverse change

Weighted average discount rate

Decline in fair value due to a 100 basis point adverse change

Decline in fair value due to a 200 basis point adverse change

3.31

 20.83 %

(171) 

(327) 

 14.70 %

(69) 

(135) 

3.69

 18.24 %

(177) 

(340) 

 19.57 %

(83) 

(163) 

The  sensitivity  calculations  above  are  hypothetical  and  should  not  be  considered  to  be  predictive  of  future  performance.  As 
indicated, changes in fair value based on adverse changes in model inputs and/or assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated 
because the relationship of a change in input or assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. In addition, the effect 
of  an  adverse  variation  in  a  particular  input  or  assumption  on  the  value  of  the  SBA  servicing  rights  is  calculated  without 

F-63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
changing  any  other  input  or  assumption.  In  reality,  a  change  in  another  factor  may  magnify  or  counteract  the  effect  of  the 
change in the first.

F-64

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused 

this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.

AMERIS BANCORP

Date: February 28, 2024

By:

/s/ H. Palmer Proctor, Jr.
H. Palmer Proctor, Jr.,
Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following 

persons on behalf of the registrant and in their capacities indicated on February 28, 2024.

/s/ H. Palmer Proctor, Jr.

H. Palmer Proctor, Jr., Chief Executive Officer

(principal executive officer)

/s/ Nicole S. Stokes
Nicole S. Stokes, Corporate EVP and Chief Financial 
Officer

(principal accounting and financial officer)

/s/ William I. Bowen, Jr.

William I. Bowen, Jr., Director

/s/ Rodney D. Bullard

Rodney D. Bullard, Director

/s/ Wm. Millard Choate

Wm. Millard Choate, Director

/s/ R. Dale Ezzell

R. Dale Ezzell, Director

/s/ Leo J. Hill

Leo J. Hill, Director

/s/ Daniel B. Jeter

Daniel B. Jeter, Director

/s/ Robert P. Lynch

Robert P. Lynch, Director

/s/ Elizabeth A. McCague

Elizabeth A. McCague, Director

(Continued)

F-65

/s/ Claire E. McLean
Claire E. McLean, Director

/s/ James B. Miller, Jr.
James B. Miller, Jr., Chairman

/s/ Gloria A. O'Neal
Gloria A. O'Neal, Director

/s/ William H. Stern
William H. Stern, Director

/s/ Jimmy D. Veal
Jimmy D. Veal, Director

(Concluded)

F-66

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This page intentionally left blank.

Common Stock and Dividend Information

Ameris Bancorp Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “ABCB.”  
The following table sets forth the dividends declared and the low and high sales prices for the common stock as 
quoted on Nasdaq during 2023.

CALENDAR PERIOD 
____________________________________________________________________________________
2023 
First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Fourth Quarter 

SALES PRICE
Low 
High
$34.28  $50.54
$28.33  $37.18
$33.21  $45.34
$34.26  $53.84

$0.15 
$0.15 
$0.15 
$0.15 

DIVIDENDS 

Shareholder Services
Computershare is Ameris Bancorp’s stock transfer agent and administers all matters related to our stock.  
You may contact them via:

First Class, Registered or Certified Mail: 

Overnight Delivery:

Computershare Investor Services 
P.O. Box 43006 
Providence RI 02940-3006   

Computershare Investor Services 
150 Royall St., Suite 101 
Canton, MA 02021  

Shareholder Services Number: (800) 568-3476 
Investor Centre™ portal: www.computershare.com/investor

If your shares are held in a brokerage account, please contact your broker or financial advisor. 

Availability of Information
Upon written request, Ameris Bancorp will provide, without charge, a copy of the Annual Report on Form 10-K, 
including the financial statements and the financial statement schedules, required to be filed with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission for the fiscal year 2023.

Please direct requests to:

Ameris Bancorp 
Investor Relations 
P.O. Box 105075 
Atlanta, GA 30348

investor.relations@amerisbank.com

Annual Meeting of Shareholders
The Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Ameris Bancorp is scheduled for Thursday, June 6, 2024, at 9:30 a.m. (ET).  
Further details regarding the Annual Meeting will be included in the related proxy materials which will be available  
at ir.amerisbank.com. 

Mixed Sources: Produced 
using sustainable methods with 
materials from well-managed 
forests, controlled sources or 
recycled wood or fiber.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
P.O. Box 105075 | Atlanta, Georgia 30348

amerisbank.com