Quarterlytics / Healthcare / Medical - Instruments & Supplies / AptarGroup

AptarGroup

atr · ASX Healthcare
Claim this profile
Ticker atr
Exchange ASX
Sector Healthcare
Industry Medical - Instruments & Supplies
Employees 51-200
← All annual reports
FY2020 Annual Report · AptarGroup
Sign in to download
Loading PDF…
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

1

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Astron Corporation Limited
ARBN 154 924 553 Incorporated in Hong Kong, 
Company Number: 1687414 

Annual Report for the Year Ended 30 June 2020

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT
Certain sections of this report contain forward-
looking statements that are subject to risk factors 
associated with, among others, the economic and 
business circumstances occurring from time to time in 
the countries and sectors in which the Astron Group 
operates. It is believed that the expectations reflected 
in these statements are reasonable but they may be 
affected by a wide range of variables which could cause 
results to differ materially from those currently. 

22

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Contents

Our Global Footprint 

Our Guarantees 

Our Origin and History 

Chairman’s Report 

Donald Mineral Sands Project 
- Murray Basin

Senegal Mineral Sands Project 
- Niafarang 

China

Annual Financial Statements 
- Auditors Report 

4

6

7

8

11

17

20

25

Corporate Governance Statement 

121

Mineral Resource Statement
for Astron and its Subsidiaries 

142

3
3

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Our Global Footprint

4

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

5

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Our Guarantees

We observe the law, our obligations, voluntary 
commitments and internal standards
We comply with all laws, regulations and 
obligations that are applicable to us, including 
internal Astron policies and voluntary 
commitments.  We ensure our personal and 
business interests never interfere with our ability to 
make sound, objective decisions. 

We value and maintain professionalism
in all of our dealings
We behave in a professional manner that fosters 
trust, confidence and goodwill. We are always 
respectful and ensure that we do the right thing. 
We respect the confidential nature of information 
given in good faith to Astron Limited. We always 
strive to deliver on our commitments.

We look after our People
Safety comes first because physical and mental 
wellbeing are fundamental to a successful 
workplace. We’re also committed to building a 
diverse workforce and an inclusive workplace 
culture. 

We recognise our responsibilities 
to our stakeholders
We are committed to engaging in constructive 
dialogue with our stakeholders to understand 
and respond to issues that are important to 
our People, customers, investors, suppliers, 
government, landowners and the wider 
community.

6

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Our Origin & History

Astron began, as ‘Astron Resources Limited’, in 
Sydney in 1985, when it listed on the ASX. Astron 
established its zirconium business in China in the 
early 1990s, and in 2011 the entity morphed into 
Astron Corporation Limited, domiciling in Hong 
Kong, and was re-listed on the ASX as Astron 
Corporation Limited in 2012. 

Astron’s business is sourcing, extracting, 
processing and marketing products derived 
from the Heavy Mineral Sands suite of minerals, 
titanium, zirconium, and some of the rare  
earth elements.

Sourcing, extracting: Astron’s 100% owned 
HMS orebodies are the Donald and Jackson 
deposits in the Murray Basin (North West Victoria, 
Australia) and a high-grade coastal HMS deposit 
at Niafarang, in the Casamance region of the 
Republic of Senegal, in West Africa. These two 
deposits are still in the process of preparation  
for construction, which is expected to commence 
in 2021.

Processing: In the 1990s and 2000’s Astron 
established first zircon, then titanium raw 
materials processing facilities in an acquired 
industrial estate in the city of Yingkou, in Liaoning 
Province in China. It has recently also constructed 
a titanium preparation plant, and a fine grained 
material pelletisation plant there. It intends to use 
these facilities to process product from Donald 
and Senegal. 

Marketing: Also in the 1990s and 2000’s, Astron 
built a China wide sales network, initially selling 
zircon sand, ground to client specifications to 
ceramic manufacturers, then value added zircon 
products such as zirconium carbonate and fused 
zirconia. Astron also traded extensively in raw 
titanium, and producing and selling titanium slag 
from that site. Whilst aspects of these activities 
were sold off in 2008, the company remains 
capable of re-establishing all those activities, and 
will do so when product from its own sources is 
being processed.

7

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Chairman’s Report

Dear Shareholder 

AUSTRALIA: DONALD MINERAL SANDS 

Whilst 2020 will be a year stamped in the memory 
of the whole world for aeons to come, critical 
changes have also occurred in our year under 
review, July 2019 till June 2020.

CORPORATE

In this period, sadly, we lost our founder and the 
company’s primary driving force, Alex Brown, 
who passed away on 30 November 2019.
Alex launched Astron in 1985 in Sydney as a 
mineral materials producer and processor, led 
the company into China in the 1990s, started 
zirconium importing and supplying to the 
China ceramics industry, then its heavy minerals 
processing operations in Yingkou, acquired its 
world class Donald and Jackson HMS deposits 
in 2003, and started the development of our fine 
grain treatment processes. 

The jewel in our crown continues to be the 
Donald-Jackson Heavy Mineral Sands deposit in 
Victoria, Australia, where we draw closer to the 
commencement of production of raw titanium, 
zirconium and rare earth material, at the rate of 
up to 615,000 tonnes of heavy mineral 
concentrate a year in the first stage, then up to 
1m tonnes in stage 2.

As reported last year, test pit was completed 
extracting 1,000 tonnes of ore, from which 24t will 
be shipped to China for testing and sales kits. The 
final planning of all necessary initial production 
infrastructure is progressing to completion and 
construction commencement. Start-up funding is 
still to be sourced, and planning is under way.

Vale Alex Brown, founder of Astron Limited

Property purchased by Donald Mineral Sands in 2019

Whilst Alex will be greatly missed, we have been 
fortunate to be able to appoint his very able and 
well qualified son Tiger Brown to our Board, and 
have every confidence that with the start Alex 
gave us the company will continue to grow and 
prosper. I also record my gratitude and sympathy 
to executive director Mdm Kang Rong for her 
stalwart support throughout this stressful period, 
as well as her continuing contribution to the 
success of our company and we offer condolences 
to his family.

LAND PURCHASE AND LAND HOLDINGS 

In July 2019 Donald Mineral Sands settled the 
purchase of 138ha of land adjoining existing DMS 
land holdings via an opportunistic, on-market 
transaction.  The purchase of this land holding 
provides options for development of alternative 
power infrastructure adjoining the Mining Licence, 
and since it sits with such close proximity to future 
mine operations, eliminates the need to mitigate 
any noise or dust impacts.

8

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

The acquisition takes the land currently owned by 
Donald Mineral Sands to 1,652ha both on and off 
the Mining Licence.  All arable land is leased to 
local agricultural producers and is dryland cropped 
to a rotation of wheat, barley, faba beans, lentils, 
and canola.

SENEGAL: NIAFARANG HMS DEPOSIT 

The Niafarang mining project has been affected by 
the Senegal Government’s measures to deal with 
COVID-19, the effect of which has been a delay in 
the issue of approvals to proceed. 

CHINA: YINGKOU 

Final operational adjustments and upgrades were 
made to our new mineral separation processing 
plant at our Yingkou facilities site. In the second 
half of the 2020 financial year, we were able to 
achieve stable throughput volumes with our plant, 
and were able to produce various forms of high 
purity TiO2 feedstock, ready for chlorination. 
Furthermore, this plant has been commissioned as 
part of our long-term operating strategy, and can 
be adapted to process material from the Donald 
Mineral Sands project.

This process is part of our rebuild as a major 
advanced material product company.

COVID-19 RESPONSE

During the initial stages of the pandemic, we 
took steps to minimise the impact of Covid-19 
by implementing health and safety procedures as 
soon as possible, thereby resuming production, 
as well as adequate measures to protect our 
global supply chains. Given those steps, we find 
ourselves in a position as good as we could have 
hoped for.

MARKET CONDITIONS

The current market conditions for heavy minerals 
reflect both lower supply and demand due to 
scale back and skeletisation of operations during 
the COVID pandemic.  There are indications 
that customers have reduced stock levels to 
reduce cash outflows during uncertain business 
conditions placing Astron in a strategic position 
to capitalise on building market share.  Demand 
for high grade feedstocks for chloride pigment 
plants are expected to strengthen both in China 
and internationally as recovery from the pandemic 
continues.

Interest in diversifying supply sources of rare earth 
(RE) products, used in anything from fighter jets 
to MRI machines to wind turbines, has intensified 
rapidly globally.  Australia is currently the number 
two producer of RE, contributing 13% of global 
output, but has significant untapped rare earth 
potential for the supply of critical minerals.

Australia is seen to be a low sovereign risk, stable 
nation for investment, offtake and supply to 
global markets.  Strong environmental controls 
and an emphasis on worker welfare and safety are 
attractive to investors and customers who seek 
ethical supply chains.

9

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

OUR TEAM

China
We have over 120 employees in our China Team 
in Yingkou and our office in Shenyang, and I would 
like to recognise their hard work in keeping our 
materials processing and product sales efficiently 
performing.

Australia
In Australia we have a small team which I thank 
again for their tireless effort in keeping us 
advancing towards our goals.

Gerard King
Chairman

10

Donald Mineral
Sands Project  
MURRAY BASIN

1111

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Donald Mineral Sands Project - Murray Basin

The resultant 24 tonnes of Heavy Mineral 
Concentrate (HMC) produced will be utilised for 
future test work in Australia, with the balance 
shipped to China for stage three of the piloting 
program where Mineral Separation Plant (MSP) 
separation and process design initiatives will be 
developed to complement the current Rutile and 
TiO2 separation plant.

STAGE TWO

Mineral Separation Process
Metallurgical Development Test Work
Running concurrently with the Bulk Sample 
Piloting, Astron conducted metallurgical test work 
confirming MSP concept flow sheet priorities 
and demonstrating improved zircon and titanium 
recoveries arising from varying equipment 
selection; utilising conventional concepts 
identified opportunities where a conventional/
hybrid MSP could be further explored in reducing 
recirculating loads favouring a one pass separation 
outcome and circuit simplification.  

PROJECT STATUS 

Detailed Engineering and Definition Stage
World Class Zircon rich deposit - The Murray 
Basin is an iconic Geological formation which 
has layered our land as we know it today with 
high value and high-grade mineral sands 
anomalies. The Donald project area is a significant 
generational opportunity for the diversification 
of industry and economic growth of our regional 
communities.

Work undertaken in the 2020 financial year mainly 
focussed on the three-stage piloting program 
outlined in last year’s annual report.  An update of 
each of those facets is below:

STAGE ONE

Bulk Sample Piloting
Astron engaged Mineral Technologies to 
undertake Wet Concentrator piloting works 
utilising a purpose built 1:121 scale plant 
constructed in accordance with the designs of the 
WCP compiled during feasibility studies.

The feed preparation process liberated the Heavy 
Minerals contained in the Run of Mine (ROM) 
sample with minimal loss of mineral to waste 
streams; recovery of Valuable Heavy Mineral 
(VHM) was maintained at both 85% and 95% HMC 
grade respectively.  The feed preparation was 
selective and aided the removal of oversize +3mm 
and slimes at -20µ sizes which was a noticeable 
improvement compared with previous bench 
scale programs, confirming optimal equipment 
selection.

Significantly, recovery data from the Mineral 
Technologies Report included:
-  Recovery of in-size and in-SG TiO2, ZrO2,
  and CeO2 (i.e. -250+20µ +4.04SG fraction) was

calculated to be 96.9%, 97.9% and 98.1%.
-  Recovery of total TiO2, ZrO2, and CeO2 to
sand fraction was calculated to be 85.2%,

  94.6% and 95.9% relative to ROM ore.

12

 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Microscopy photo: Rare Earths

STAGE THREE

Mineral Separation Process Piloting 
This stage has been delayed due to the inability of 
staff and consultants to travel internationally in the 
wake of COVID-19 restrictions.  When restrictions 
ease and Astron is assured of the health and 
safety of its supervisory team, around 24 tonnes 
of HMC will be transported to China, where it 
will be assessed and a gap analysis completed to 
determine how the HMC characteristics specific 
to the Donald HMC perform with the existing 
Chinese TiO2 separation plant, after which an MSP 
piloting program will be developed and advanced 
at Astron’s laboratory and existing operating 
facilities. Great confidence was been gained in 
the materials processing ability as smaller bench 
scale piloting and design concepts have been 
successfully completed in the past.

The major difference with the current program 
is the size of the sample allowing the ability to 
complete a continual flow process pilot program.
plant, after which an MSP piloting program will be 
developed and advanced at Astron’s laboratory 
and existing operating facilities. There is great 
confidence in the material processing ability as 

smaller bench scale piloting and design concepts 
have been successfully completed in the past. 
The major difference with the current program is 
the size of the sample and ability to complete a 
continual flow process pilot program.

Critical Minerals Floatation Test work

In light of international interest and demand for 
diversification of the supply of various critical 
minerals found in the Donald deposit, DMS 
instigated a froth floatation test work program 
to explore the benefits of a hybrid MSP where 
those minerals could be extracted during the WCP 
process vs the traditional process of floating those 
minerals during the MSP process.

The preliminary test work has identified that the 
critical minerals floatation could be located at 
either the WCP or MSP plant depending on where 
demand exists.

During the first stage of this work, a 46kg sample 
of HMC was subjected to a series of rare earth 
floatation tests on a 2kg scale, where CeO2 
recoveries of up to 97% were confirmed and 
further works are scheduled and ongoing for the 
2021 financial year.

13

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Production model update

The DMS project model was updated with the 
results from earlier piloting works, and will be 
further refined once hybrid MSP results are 
at hand. 

Test pit Rehabilitation 
The test pit from which the 1,000t ROM ore 
sample was excavated for piloting was closed 
in March 2018, and rehabilitation of the site is 
progressing well.  

Yield rates will be compared to adjacent cropped 
areas to determine the levels of success of the 
rehabilitation along with comparisons to the full 
soil mapping profiles that were undertaken at 
adjacent sites. 

Full laboratory soil analysis has been undertaken 
at the rehabilitation site with favorable results 
that will inform the rehabilitation process going 
forward. 

In 2019, soil mapping was completed using 
Echelonag soil mapping technology, which 
provided specific information of the soil profile to 
1m in depth in regards to:

·  Depth to interface – Depth of soil between 
  Horizon A (top soil) and B (sub soil)

·  ECa Coil – Electro Conductivity (salinity) at 

various depths

·  Relative water content – moisture content of 

the soil 

·  Tillage – soil compaction and hard pan 
information, depth to tillage points.  

   Plough-tip depth.

DMS has a consultant agronomist who monitors 
the site conditions and as we continue to assess 
seasonal changes and variability, we are confident 
that the rehabilitation process is progressing 
well with no variations or implication to the soil 
structure and appearance. Observations and trial 
management practices on the test pit will continue 
to inform the overall rehabilitation of the mine site.

Air and Noise monitoring:
AECOM has been appointed to undertake air 
and noise modelling utilising the current project 
definition, and has been working closely with the 
technical team to understand what modifications 
will be required to manage any impacts to air 
quality and the noise implications, and ensure that 
they are understood, minimised and managed 
using best practice techniques. This process 
will provide detailed information which will be 
incorporated in the project optimisation and 
detailed engineering phases.

Industry participation:
-  MCA - representatives of Astron actively sit at 
  Victorian State council level, and along with 
  DMS representation on Industry working groups 
(safety and environment working group, mineral 
sands working group).

-  Critical Minerals - DMS participated in road 
  mapping development discussions

-  Victorian Skills Commissioner - participatin
 in an Industry Action Group developing a 

  mining specific entry level skills package

Electro Conductivity (salinity) of test pit site at  
a depth of 0.7m

14

 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Conceptual Water Recovery Plant

The year ahead:
Astron is proposing to pursue the following 
actions during the current company year: 

•  Commence execution and development of

the DMS owners’ team - engineering, planning,

  project management
•   Update Ore Reserve statement to incorporate

learnings and updated Mineral Resource

•  Further refinement of Production and Financial
  Models
•  Finalise all logistic movements and review

current transport management plans
•  Update risk profile and further refine risk

strategy and risk register

•  Exploration on EL5186 to identify other areas of 
interest and define current ore body boundaries

•  Commence final review of the detailed
  engineering scope and optimisation processes
•  Execute and ramp up community & stakeholder
  engagement programs
•  Compile final PEP (project execution plan)
•  Define and lock down design criterion and
  financing strategies
•  Commence infrastructure agreements including
  water access and power supplies including

renewable sources

•  Commence long lead item procurement

15

 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Senegal Mineral 
Sands Project
NIAFARANG

171717

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Senegal Mineral Sands Project - Niafarang 

ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL 
AND OTHER ASPECTS 

Site management plans have been developed in 
accordance with the Senegalese environmental 
licencing requirements.  Hydrocarbon storage
plans, water management plans, and 
environmental rehabilitation plans have all  
been developed. 

Opportunities for shared resources, employment, 
improved farming initiatives, local worship 
buildings and basic health improvement (fresh 
water, proper latrine systems) have been offered 
by Astron / SMR to assist the local communities to 
co-exist with SMRs low impact mining operation. 
These initiatives have been welcomed by many of 
the local communities although there remain some 
elements (including settled foreigners in the local 
region) which are against these initiatives. OSMR 
has not explored nor entertained these elements 
as it remains committed to dealing with the local 
communities and their representatives. 

Astron / SMR funded a local ceremony in 
maintaining and educating people on the region’s 
culture, Astron believes in maintaining strong 
connections with culture and supporting the 
educational programs offered to the young people 
is an important program to support. 
SMR funded several local initiatives including a 
field trip consisting of a local group of community 
leaders who were flown to visit to another 
operating Mineral Sands dredging operation in 
northern Senegal.

The Niafarang Project progressed significantly with 
respect to Astron’s presence in the country. During 
this period, Astron maintained its local presence 
and representation through senior team site 
visits, including in-country representation through 
Astron’s consultancy and visible working groups. 

Several infrastructure contracts were awarded in 
the previous reporting period. These works are 
currently awaiting the acceptance and detailed 
collaborative access structure where the projects 
will benefit both Astron’s Senegalese subsidiary, 
Senegal Mineral Resources (SMR) and the local 
villages. The sharing of resources (water, power, 
roads, latrines) is a key part of the community 
development and social enterprise opportunities 
for many within the project area. Great effort 
and collaboration have been achieved over the 
previous twelve months where certain progress in 
meeting the expectations of the local Senegalese 
people has been achieved.

SMR has several execution and site development 
plans to complete once the resettlement program 
has been completed. To date, there has been 
little traction afforded to the execution planning 
because of slow outcomes from regulators and 
officers. SMR is positioned well in establishing 
the necessary construction programs upon the 
commencement of the resettlement program. 
Project development and construction teams are 
available for an immediate start upon achievement 
of the final milestone; the resettling and 
compensation process. 

Astron expects all local initiatives to be completed 
for project start in late 2020, and thereafter 
commencement phases predominantly hinge on a 
stable community where safety for all stakeholders 
involved remains the highest priority.
Commencement dates for each phase of the 
construction process will be announced once there 
is certainty. Employment and Contract scopes 
are finalized and will be revisited prior to site 
commencement.

18

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

SMR shall maintain an important network and 
support program in co-exiting and developing 
initiatives with the wider communities throughout 
Casamance and beyond.

New drilling programs and exploration will 
be announced in due course, following the 
commencement of the Niafarang project.

ASTRON’S LONG TERM FUTURE
IN WEST AFRICA 

Alternate and additional exploration opportunities 
are available for exploring locally and beyond the 
current mining licence area of Niafarang. Astron 
/ SMR is excited to be a part of the greater area 
where local authorities and communities are open 
to negotiating access and development program 
initiatives with the SMR team.

Further expansion of Astron’s presence in West 
Africa has been a long process where persistence 
and collaborative efforts in working with the local 
communities is proving to be a successful process. 

19

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

China – Rebuild of Advance Materials
and Manufacturing base in China

THE REBUILD

Astron Corporation has spent the 2020 financial 
year rebuilding our market presence and 
capabilities in China.

In our multi-step approach to re-establish a  
foot-hold in China’s Titanium industry: 

1.  We successfully commissioned the mineral 
separation processing plant to process up 
to 150,000tpa of Ilmenite material for use as 
a high-quality feedstock for chlorination 
  markets with TiO2 production plants in China. 
  warehouse and 10,000m2 hardstand for the 
storage of our raw materials and products;  

2.  We are in the final stages in commissioning our 
  micro-agglomeration plant in Yingkou, 

Liaoning, with an expected monthly production 
volume of 3,000 tonnes of high-grade 
chlorinator feed-stock;

3.  We will continue to upgrade and develop 
  our testing and R&D facilities at our Chinese 
  operations to increase product quality and 
  better adapt our products to the 

customers’ needs; 

Year in Review
As the companies’ operating arm, Chinese 
operations were significantly disrupted by 
Covid-19. Throughout the 2020 Financial year, 
we continuously improved our separation plant’s 
operations. In comparison to 2019, we achieved 
increases in tonnes processed, Ti% Recovery 
and overall operations efficiency in our Mineral 
Separation Plant. Given those improvements, we 
saw an increase in year on year sales revenue of 
5.7% despite the challenges created by Covid-19. 

20

BEING A PART OF THE FUTURE

We anticipate to be part of the growth of the TiO2
pigment chlorination industry in China, as major 
players work to decrease their carbon footprint 
and demand from down-stream customers 
continue to increase. It is anticipated that the 
chlorination process capacity will triple on current 
levels within the next five years. This should see 
demands for suitable high purity feedstocks 
continue to increase in the 2021 Financial year, 
Astron is well-positioned to take advantage, 
especially once the micro-agglomeration plant is 
fully commissioned. 

To date, Astron has been using our own TiO2
feedstock, however, given its feasibility and our 
anticipated processing excess capabilities, we 
are looking for alternative feed-stocks supplies. 
We believe that we represent a significant 
value-add opportunity for our partners in the 
industry assisting with the desires of increased 
sustainability and recoveries. Ultimately, we 
intend to use our Yingkou processing plant to 
process TiO2 feedstock from our Donald project in 
Victoria, Australia.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Developed Products
Nuclear-grade zirconia production Yingkou, 
People’s Republic of China 200tpa high purity 
zirconium sponge production facility and an 
independent lab equipped with advanced 
analysers including Bruker S8 XRF, Leeman ICP 
and laser particle size analyser Atomic energy 
(high purity grade) zirconia production facility in 
operation already, producing high-quality high 
purity grade zirconia products. 

The Astron development team has completed in 
house laboratory, bench and small-scale piloting 
programs for micro-agglomeration of finer TiO2
particles and successful trials have allowed the 
installation of a purpose built pelletisation process 
which adds value to the current suite of products 
currently produced.  

The pelletisation process has been designed to 
produce various end products (Hardness, Size) 
which allows the plant to produce specialized 
products suited to specific customer’s process plant 
requirements. 
Astron’s global operations are expected to become 
the major feed stock suppliers for Astron China’s 
growing demand for high quality products.  

Future advancements in ZrO2, TiO2, CeO2, and 
Rare Earth Oxides are just the beginning of Astron’s 
Global future.

21

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

SPECIALTY R&D 

Sponge Zirconium Technology
Astron has succeeded in producing high purity 
grade zirconia containing hafnium less than 
50ppm by TBP-HCL-HNO3 extraction method. 
A facility of 200tpa highly-pure zirconia has been 
established, with independent lab equipped with 
ICP and XRF etc.

Removal of Zircon Impurities 
Astron has spent nearly ten years and succeeded 
in removing U/Th/Fe/Ti from zircon. This can 
greatly improve the quality of zircon. Lower 
impurity content makes better glaze colour, which 
can provide premium raw materials for ceramics, 
refractory, casting and chemical industry in China. 
The concentrated U solid waste can provide 
uranium resource of low cost and high content to 
the nuclear industry.

Titanium micro-agglomeration Technology
Rutile pelletizing is a process to solve the problem 
of fine rutile being unable to be used for TiCl4. 

This can also indirectly improve the fine rutile 
value. It is one of the methods of developing high 
value and grade Chlorinator feed with finer sized 
material. With chlorination, the particle size of the 
rutile products being processed in this method 
enables better chlorination efficiencies than 
common rutile and blended slag materials.

CP TiO2 Technology
Astron spent 3 years and more than several tens of 
million RMB in completing the detailed design of 
90,000tpa CP TiO2 Project with the cooperation 
with a team of experts in China and overseas.

ZOC Technology
Alkaline fusion is being generally used for ZOC 
industry with great pollution and poor economy. 
Astron’s CP method is environment agreeable with 
its by products being of improved economy.

Astron’s sustainable development encompasses 
our commitment and policy towards our 
employees, local communities, health and safety, 
and the environment.

22

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Sustainable Development 

EMPLOYEES AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS

We take our responsibility to our 135 strong staff 
seriously through our human resources policies 
which demonstrate care and concern for our staff 
and their training, development and wellbeing, 
as well as care and concern for our customers, 
suppliers and shareholders.

In Astron, salaries are based on competitiveness 
within the local market environment. Additionally, 
some key employees have a variable performance 
related bonus which is determined by pre- 
arrangement in alignment with individual and 
team objectives.

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

Astron is committed to bringing positive change 
to the communities surrounding its mining and 
processing operations.

Astron’s Donald Project has been planned in close 
engagement with the local community to provide 
economic and social benefits to the community, 
including supporting the Minyip branch of the 
State Emergency Service, who provide critical local 
assistance to minimise the impact of emergencies 
and strengthen the community’s capacity to plan, 
respond and recover when emergencies occur.
Astron has also sponsored the Minyip Art Show, 
the Minyip Golf Club, as well as the Donald 
Scout group’s Muddy Duck event. In addition, 
sponsorship of the Minyip Murtoa Football Club’s 
“Buddy Program” saw senior football players 
mentor the skills of juniors over three nights 
throughout the playing season, building the skills, 
confidence and fitness of developing footballers.
sponsorship of the Minyip Murtoa Football Club’s 
“Buddy Program” saw senior football players 
mentor the skills of juniors over three nights 
throughout the playing season, building the skills, 
confidence and fitness of developing footballers.

23

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

ENVIRONMENT

Astron strives to be the best in class performance 
in all aspects of environmental management. 
Compliance with all applicable legal requirements 
and legal codes of practice is seen as a minimum 
standard and we work to prudently reduce 
emissions and waste.

The Astron Group is totally committed to 
continuing environmental vigilance and improving 
systems of control, compliance and results such 
as the minimisation of all kinds of waste from 
mining and down streaming processes where 
practicably possible.

24

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Astron Corporation Limited
ARBN 154 924 553
Incorporated in Hong Kong, 
Company Number: 1687414

Annual Financial 
Statements
For the Year Ended 30 June 2020

252525

Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

For the Year Ended 30 June 2020 

CONTENTS 

Financial Statements 

Directors’ Report 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income (continued) 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (continued) 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 

Declaration by Directors 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

Investor Information 

Page 

1 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

81 

82 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited 

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 
30 June 2020 

The  Directors  of  Astron  Corporation  Limited  (the  “Company”)  present  their  report  on  the  consolidated  entity 
(“Group” or “Astron”), consisting of Astron Corporation Limited and the entities it controlled at the end of, and 
during, the financial year ended 30 June 2020. 

Directors 

The following persons were Directors of Astron Corporation Limited for part of the financial year and up to the 
date of this report: 

Names 

Mr. Gerard King 
Mdm. Kang Rong 
Mr. Tiger Brown (Appointed on 4 December 2019) 
Mr. Alexander Brown (Deceased on 30 November 2019) 

Principal Activities 

The principal activities of the Group during the financial year were: 

-

-

-
-

Exploration, evaluation and progress of the feasibility assessment of the Donald mineral sands mining
and processing project (“DMS”)
Evaluation  and  progress  of  the feasibility  of  the  Senegal  Niafarang mineral  sands  mining  processing
project (“Senegal”)
Evaluation and advancement of downstream applications for zircon and titanium
Titanium based materials trading

There have been no significant changes in the nature of the Group's principal activities during the financial year. 

Significant Changes to Group Structure 

There were no significant changes to the Group structure in the financial year ended 30 June 2020. 

Financial Position 
The net assets of the Group have decreased to $93,725,284 a decrease of $6,548,697 from 2019. 

The net assets have been affected by an increased loss from operations. 

Dividends 

No final dividend was proposed for the year ended 30 June 2020 (2019: Nil). 

1 

Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

Review of Operations 

Financials 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and other Comprehensive Income   

 

 

Sales revenue increased over the prior year by 5.7% to $8,430,039 from 2019: $7,977,198. This was due 
to the increase in sales activity in the Chinese markets compared with the prior years.   

Turnover  should  continue  to improve in  line  with  the market increase  in mineral  sands  market  prices  in 
China. Gross margins reflected the ongoing development of the mineral separation plant, agglomeration 
plant, and as a result the materials produced. The importation and productions costs were also adversely 
impacted importation tariffs imposed on imports between China (which increased from 0% to 10% and then 
25%) resulting in an additional $1,159,000 in tariff costs, additional transportation and storage costs and 
also by Covid 19. It is anticipated margins will also increase in the year ending 30 June 2021.   

 

Administration expenditure was broadly consistent with the prior year reflecting ongoing cost controls. 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position   

 

 

 

 

The increase in inventories should allow the Group to capitalise on the strengthening of the mineral sands 
markets  in  China  and  Astron’s  development  of  the  products  to  be  sold  which  is  anticipated  to  increase 
during the 2021 financial year as the mineral separation plant and agglomeration plant is optimised.   

The increase in intangible assets arises from further exploration expenditure capitalised in respect of the 
Donald Mineral Sands and Senegal Niafarang projects. 

Land use rights comprise 50-year land use leases. These leases are capitalised and amortised over the 
50-year period.       

The decrease in the net tangible asset value from 18.8 cps at 30 June 2019 to 12.4 cps at 30 June 2020 
primarily relates to the group loss for the year and the capitalisation of exploration and development costs. 

Operations review   

Donald 

The advancement of the Donald project (“DMS”) continued during the year.   

In conjunction with external resource consultants Mineral Technologies a 1,000t run of mine wet concentrator 
pilot plant and associated test work was completed on ore material previously excavated from the DMS test pit 
site. 

The pilot plant successfully proved separation and provided valuable guidance into opportunities for new design 
criteria, resulting in increased recovery and grade outcomes.   

As a direct result of the pilot plant test and additional external test work the project has increased its viability 
through additional materials extraction, improved recovery and grade of the in ground HMC at Donald.   

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

The project risk assessments are ongoing and being incorporated into the projects valuation models. Donald 
has undertaken regular Government liaison and introductions continue with development agencies and approval 
departments. 

Updating  the  DMS  financial  project  and  operating  models  will  be  carried  out  in  late  2020  to  reflect  the 
improvements with an expected increase in infrastructure capital and therefore achieving a reduced operating 
cost outcome and incorporating a planned resource update. The previous models were significantly positive and 
DMS believes this will be improved upon with the work completed in 2020 and global demand positive outcomes 
on  final  product  pricing.  Optimisation  processes  will  be  completed  ahead  of  the  official  detailed  engineering 
commencement. 

The project remains viable under the current climate and global product demand. 

Execution strategy   

The  execution  strategy for  the  project  will  involve  a  standalone  design  contract for  the  Australian  processing 
plant,  reflecting  a modular  plant  construction  and  assembly  through  a  Chinese fabrication  yard.  The module 
assembly and all wraparound construction will be conducted by way of several local construction contracts and 
managed by a single integrated owners and project teams. These programmed actions will be reassessed with 
consideration to the renewed infrastructure methodology and pilot process outcomes. 

Approvals 

A summary of the status of relevant approvals is as follows: 

Status 

Approval type 
Environment or Effects Statement (ESS)  Approved 
Approved 
Mining licence 
Approved 
Cultural Heritage Management plan   
Secured 
Water rights 
Approved 
Radiation licence   
Approved 
Export permit 
Approved 
Work plan test pit 
Approved 
Work Authority test pit 

Infrastructure Assessment   

Date 
2008 
August 2010 
January 2014 
2012 
Renewed December 2019 
December 2019 
March 2018 
August 2018 

Road infrastructure remains solid with the design and supply opportunities unchanged. The power opportunities 
will be further assessed with assistance of the regional development agencies for alternate methods and / or a 
combination  of  both mains  power  and  renewable  hybrid  systems  shall  be  considered.  Funding  opportunities 
continue to be investigated as the project financing and detailed engineering draws closer. These will be further 
explored as the business modelling is completed in accordance with the government agencies as mentioned 
above.  Power  options  studies  were  completed  through  a  third  party  consultancy  firm  and  these  options  are 
currently being considered. 

In  relation  to the  water  pipeline,  hydraulic  assessments  and  pipeline  engineering  designs  were  completed  in 
2016.  The  piping  system  design  catered  for  full  scale  operations  with  capacities  for  future  expansions. 
Discussions with local water network providers and the Regional Development Group of Victoria commenced in 
2018  with  detailed  system  reviews  to  ensure  initial  and  future  project  needs  will  be  met.  This  is  an  ongoing 
exercise in 2021.   

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

Exploration Improvement 

Updating the current JORC code is planned in early 2021 to conform with the 2012 JORC code and improve on 
the - 38 micron fraction within the contained minable HM%. 

Risk assessment 

Risk assessments have been conducted at various stages, and major risks have been ranked and prioritized. 
The most significant technical risks are associated with site water and tailings management, and operational 
logistics  of large mining  equipment  inside the  pit.  Test  work  has  been  conducted  to  quantify  these  risks  and 
management  plans  have  been  put  in  place  to  address  them.  These  risks  have  been  logged  as  part  of  the 
Victorian Work Plan process. Additional risks will be associated with ensuring that long-lead items are expedited, 
and that module assembly is completed on schedule and to an acceptable level of quality. These risks will all 
be specifically managed with specific management plans and designated hires into the project team. 

Funding 

Astron continues to develop its funding strategy which could include a mix of equity, internally generated cash 
flows and debt funding. Astron continues to work with entities interested in assisting with this project. 

China 

TiO2 Processing plant   

Astron  commissioned  its  TiO2  processing  plant  in  Yingkou,  China.  The  plant  is  producing  rutile  from  the 
Savannah Ore. The processing has now been upgraded to add the agglomeration plant to increase recoveries. 

The Group is well placed to monetise its inventories with the upgraded plant and continued strengthening of the 
mineral sands market in China. 

Senegal 

Exploration 

No additional exploration field activities have occurred in the year. Application, renewal applications and studies 
have been undertaken by Astron’s consultant in Senegal (Harmony group) to re-establish approvals for expired 
exploration  leases.  The  current  exploration  licence  remains  in  a maintenance  position  where  Astron  has  the 
right to apply for drilling exploration and planning which will see the licence reactivated for explorative purposes.   

The exploration renewal process has commenced and awaiting the mines department review on the overall area 
and associated graticules.   

Mining Licence 

Mining Licence was awarded to the Group in June 2018. 

In Senegal Astron has an operational readiness – procedures are in place, approvals for recruitment, contract 
commencement is slowly progressing under the current pandemic circumstances. Capital equipment is in place 
in Dakar, local representation remains in place and the detailed mine design ready to implement. 

The  Senegal  Government  continues  to  move  slowly  in  considering  final  approvals  for  the  community 
resettlement program. Discussions continue in the development of the community relocation plan with local and 
federal governments.   

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

Covid 19 has had a noticeable impact in developing community engagement process and government support 
processes also impacting the development. 

Overall project viability continues to increase in line with the global market demand for the final products of 
Rutile and Zircon. 

America 

Astron commenced the excavation and loading processes of Ilmenite Ore in Savannah USA. The process and 
purchases  are  via  a  Bill  of  Sales  (BOS)  Agreement  and  locally  (USA)  and  Australian  developed  Standard 
Operations  Procedure  (SOP)  for  the  shipping  and  loading  functions  in  Savannah  to  Georgia  and  then  on  to 
Dalian in China. In the first instance, this material is being used as feedstock for the processing plant that has 
been commissioned to develop a suite of Ti0շ products including several grades of rutile for its customers and 
is an important step in moving towards Astron re-establishing its advanced materials capabilities in China.   

Other  mineral  sands  opportunities  in  the  USA  for  processing  and  sale  in  China  are  under  investigation  and 
review. 

Covid 19 

Astron prioritises the safety and health of all staff while also keeping a very clear focus on how we continue to 
support our business operations during this unprecedented period. The safety and wellbeing include Astron’s 
consultancy members conducting global business activities on behalf of Astron.   

We have been following very closely the official public health advice from Federal and State Governments. For 
the  immediate  future,  the  following  mitigation  and  best  practice  methods  have  been  implemented.  Astron 
implemented distancing, work from home options and suspended all international travel. 

While the pandemic impacted potential drilling in Donald, it did not directly impact the supply of materials from 
the Savannah operations and while there were operational challenges in China, production interruption was not 
as  significant  as  anticipated,  however  product  deliveries  were  reduced  in  compliance  with  strict  Chinese 
protocols. 

Significant Changes in State of Affairs 

There have been no significant changes in the Group's state of affairs during the financial year. 

Matters Subsequent to the end of the Financial Year 

As at 30 June 2020, $1,495,660 (2019: $2,962,631) was due to the Group from the 2015 sale of surplus land in 
China. Subsequent to year end, $0.4 million has been received against this receivable.   

The Group has funding options available to provide support for the completion of the Mineral Separation Plant 
upgrades and other asset acquisition. These funding options could be a mix of third parties or Director support 
and will be pursued if required. Subsequent to year end no further loan facilities have been required. 

There  are  no  other  matters  or  circumstances  that  have  arisen  since  the  end  of  the  financial  year  which 
significantly affected or may significantly affect the operations of the Group, the results of those operations or 
the state of affairs of the Group in future financial years. 

5 

 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

Likely Developments 
During the next financial year, the Group expects to: 

- 
- 
- 

Complete the Chinese mineral separation plant and agglomeration optimization, 
Continue progressing the Senegal project and working towards project commissioning; and 
Upgrade  the  Donald  Mineral Sands  definitive feasibility  study,  complete  additional infill  drilling,  advance 
capex optimisation resulting from the pilot tests and develop funding alternatives. 

Work continues on the Donald project technical optimisation, including further work on mining method refinement, 
tailing treatment majorization, processing flow process, updating and comparing logistics options.   

When  final  approvals  are  received  with  respect  to  the  Senegalese  Niafarang  project  and  it  commences  into 
production,  the  Group  will  have  an  additional  revenue  source,  which  will  have  an  immediate  impact  on  the 
financial position of the Group. The Group’s business strategies continue to be based on being a high-quality 
producer of zircon and titanium (together with associated products) focused on sales and marketing activities in 
China. 

Environmental Regulation 

The Group's operations are in China, Senegal and Australia. In Australia, our Environmental Effects Statement 
for the Donald mine has been approved. The Group complied with all environmental regulations in relation to 
mining operations and there were no reportable environmental matters from the Australian operations. 

Once  these  projects  have  been  developed  the  Group  will  if  applicable  apply  the  National  Greenhouse  and 
Energy Reporting Act of 2007.   

In China, the Group continues to work closely with the local authorities to ensure high standards are maintained. 
In relation to the proposed manufacturing processes in China, there are no outstanding exceptions as noted by 
regular  local  government  environmental  testing  and  supervision.  Further  the  development  projects  will  be 
implemented with best practice standards carefully monitored by the local authorities. 

To the best of the Directors' knowledge, the Group has adequate systems in place to ensure compliance with 
the  requirements  of  all  environmental legislation  described  above  and  are  not  aware  of  any  breach  of those 
requirements during the financial year and up to the date of the Directors' report. 

Occupational Health and Safety 

During the year there were no lost time injuries. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

Director Information 

Mr. Gerard King 

Chairman (Non-executive)   

Qualifications 

Experience 

LLB   

-  Board  Member  since  6  December  2011  (Astron  Limited:  5 

November 1985) 

-  Former partner of law firm Phillips Fox and has had over 30 years 
of experience in corporate and business advising including acting 
as a Director of a number of Australian Public Companies   

Interest in Shares # 

49,138 CDIs   

Special Responsibilities 

Mr.  King  is  the  Chairman  of  the  Board  and  the  Chairman  of  the 
Remuneration & Nomination Committee   

Directorships held in other listed 
entities 

Mr. King is not currently a Director of another listed company.   

Mdm. Kang Rong 

Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director (Executive) 

Qualifications 

Experience 

B.E.(Chem) 

-  Board member since 31 January 2012 (Astron Limited: 21 August 

2006) 

-  Mdm Kang Rong worked as a Chemical Production Engineer at 
Shenyang Chemical Company (a major Chinese company based 
in  Shenyang  (Liaoning  Province).  She  then  moved  to  Hainan 
Island  China  and  worked  in  sales  and  administration  for  the 
Japanese trading co. Nissei, Ltd. 

-  Mdm Kang Rong joined Astron in 1995 as marketing manager of 
Shenyang Astron Mining Industry. Since then she has overseen 
Astron’s China operations and global sales and has been largely 
responsible for the growth and development of the Company. 

Interest in Shares # 

4,000,100 CDIs   

Special Responsibilities 

As Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director is in charge of all 
Astron’s operations   

Directorships held in other listed 
entities 

Mdm  Kang  Rong  is  not  currently  a  Director  of  another  listed 
company. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

Mr. Tiger Brown 

Qualifications 

Experience 

Executive Director   

B. S. (Economics) 

-  Board member since 4 December 2019 

-  Mr Brown has worked in Astron’s business for a number of years 

in China and Australia 

-  Mr  Brown  has  studied  business  finance  at  Wharton  School  of 

Business at the University of Pennsylvania.   

Interest in Shares # 

94,165,972 CDIs   

Special Responsibilities 

Executive Director in charge of Global operations and finance   

Directorships held in other listed 
entities 

Mr Brown is not currently a Director of another listed company.   

# Interest in Shares includes directly, indirectly, beneficially or potentially beneficially held shares. 

Meetings of Directors   

During the financial year, two meetings of Directors (excluding committees of Directors) were held for Astron 
Corporation  Limited.  Attendances  by  each  Director  at  Directors’  meeting,  audit  and  risk  committee  and 
remuneration and nominating committee meetings during the year were as follows: 

Astron Corporation Limited 

Mr. Gerard King 
Mr. Alexander Brown 
Mdm Kang Rong 
Mr. Tiger Brown 

Share Options 

Directors' Meetings 
Number 
Number 
attended 
eligible to 
attend 
4 
- 
4 
4 

4 
- 
4 
4 

No options over issued shares or interests in the Group or a controlled entity were granted during or since the 
end of the financial year and there were no options outstanding at the date of this report.   

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

Remuneration Report 

Policy for determining the nature and amount of Key Management Personnel (“KMP”) remuneration 

The  remuneration  policy  of the  Group  has  been  designed  to  align  Director  and  executive  objectives  with 
shareholder  and  business  objectives  by  providing  a  fixed  remuneration  component  and  offering  potential 
long-term incentives based on key performance areas affecting the Group's financial results. The board of 
Astron Corporation Limited believes the remuneration policy to be appropriate and effective in its ability to 
attract and retain the best executives and Directors to run and manage the Group, as well as create goal 
congruence between Directors, executives and shareholders. 

The board's policy for determining the nature and amount or remuneration for the board members and senior 
executives of the Group is as follows: 

• 

• 

• 

The remuneration policy for the executive Directors and other senior executives was developed by the 
remuneration  committee  and  approved  by  the  board  after  seeking  professional  advice  from  an 
independent external consultant. 
All executives receive a market related base salary (which is based on factors such as length of service 
and experience), other statutory benefits and potential performance incentives. 
The  remuneration  committee  reviews  executive  packages  annually  by  reference  to  the  Group’s 
performance, executive performance and comparable information from industry sectors. 

The  performance  of  executives  is  measured  against  criteria  agreed  with  each  executive  and  is  based 
predominantly  on  the  forecast  growth  of  the  Group’s  profits  and  shareholders’  value.  All  bonuses  and 
incentives are linked to the performance of the individual and are discretionary. The objective is designed to 
attract the highest caliber of executives and reward them for performance that results in long term growth in 
shareholder wealth. 

At  the  discretion  of  the  Committee  from  time  to  time  shares  are  issued  to  executives  to  reflect  their 
achievements. There are presently no option-based schemes in place.   

Where  applicable  executive  Directors  and  executives  receive  a  superannuation  guarantee  contribution 
required by the government, which is currently 9.5%, and do not receive any other retirement benefits.   

Some  individuals,  however,  have  chosen  to  sacrifice  part  of  their  salary  to  increase  payments  towards 
superannuation. 

If  shares  are  given  to  Directors  and/or  executives,  these  shares  are  issued  at  the  market  price  of  those 
shares. 

The  board  policy  is  to  remunerate  non-executive  Directors  at  market  rates  for  time,  commitment  and 
responsibilities.  The  Board  determines  payments  to  the  non-executive  Directors  and  reviews  their 
remuneration annually, based on market practice, duties and accountability. Independent external advice is 
sought when required. The maximum aggregate amount of fees that can be paid to non-executive Directors 
is subject to approval by shareholders at the Annual General Meeting. Fees for non-executive Directors are 
not linked to the performance of the Group. However, to align Director's interests with shareholder interests, 
the Directors are encouraged to hold shares in the Group. 

Performance based remuneration 

As  part  of  each  executive  Director  and  executive’s  remuneration  package  there  is  a  discretionary  bonus 
element. The intention of this program is to facilitate goal congruence between Directors/executives with that 
of the business and shareholders. 

In  determining  whether  or  not  each  executive  Director  and  executive's  bonus  is  due,  the  remuneration 
committee bases the assessment on audited figures and independent reports where appropriate. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

The remuneration committee reserves the right to award bonuses where performance expectation has prima 
facie not been met but it is considered in the interests of the Group to continue to reward that individual. 

Discretionary bonuses of $Nil (2019: $Nil) were paid during the year. There is a potential discretionary bonus 
available to Mr Tim Chase of up to $50,000. There are no other bonus arrangements entered into with KMP’s. 

Other KMPs are entitled to the annual bonus program of the Group, which will be based on the performance 
of the group and at the discretion of the Board. The terms of the bonus program are in the process of being 
defined. 

Company performance, shareholder wealth and directors and executive’s remuneration 

The remuneration policy has been tailored to increase goal congruence between shareholders and Directors 
and executives. This has been achieved by awarding discretionary bonuses to encourage the alignment of 
personal  and  shareholder  interests.  The  Group  believes  this  policy  to  have  been  effective  in  increasing 
shareholder wealth and the Group's consolidated statement of financial position over the past five years. 

The following table shows the sales revenue, profits and dividends for the last five years for the listed entity, 
as well as the share price at the end of the respective financial years.   

Sales revenue (‘000) 
Net Profit/(Loss) (‘000) 
Share Price at Year-end 
Dividends Paid (‘000) 

2016 
$ 
468 
(4,408) 
0.17 
- 

2017 
$ 
1,900 
(2,591) 
0.16 
- 

2018 
$ 
5,014 
(4,671) 
0.20 
- 

2019 
$ 
7,977 
(1,913) 
0.20 
- 

2020 
$ 
8,430 
(6,293) 
0.17 
- 

KMP 

The following persons were KMP of the Group during the financial year: 

Mr. Gerard King 
Mr. Alexander Brown 
Mdm Kang Rong   
Mr. Tiger Brown 
Mr. Tim Chase 
Mr. Joshua Theunissen 

Position Held   
Chairman-Non-executive   
President (Deceased) 
Chief Operating Officer and Deputy Managing Director (Executive)   
Executive Director   
Project Executive 
Australian Company Secretary 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

Shareholdings 

Details  of  equity  instruments  (other  than  options  and  rights)  held  directly,  indirectly,  beneficially  or 
potentially beneficially by KMP and their related parties are as follows: 

30 June 2020 

KMP 

Mr. Gerard King 
Mr. Alexander Brown 
Mdm Kang Rong   
Mr. Tiger Brown 
Mr. Tim Chase 
Mr. Joshua Theunissen 

Total 

Details of Remuneration 

Balance 
1/07/2019 

Shares (sold)   
/purchased 

Shares 
transferred 

Balance 
30/06/2020 

49,138 
94,183,224 
4,000,100 
- 
- 
100 

98,232,562 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
(94,165,972) 
- 
94,165,972 
- 
- 

- 

49,138 
17,252 
4,000,100 
94,165,972 
- 
100 

98,232,562 

Details of compensation by key management personnel of Astron Corporation Limited Group are set out 
below: 

Year ended 30 June 2020 

Short term benefits 

Post- 
employment 
benefits 

Cash, fees 
salary & 
commissions 
$ 

Non-cash 
Benefits/ 
Other 
$ 

Termination 
Payments 
$ 

Superannuation 
$ 

Total 
$ 

% of 
remuneration 
that is 
performance 
based 

120,000 

104,167 

250,000 

- 

240,000 

54,353 

768,520 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9,672 

- 

9,672 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

120,000 

104,167 

250,000 

- 

20,531 

270,203 

- 

54,353 

20,531 

798,723 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

Directors   
Mr. Gerard King 

Mr. Alexander Brown (#1) 

Mdm Kang Rong (#1) 

Mr Tiger Brown 

Other KMP 
Mr. Tim Chase   

Mr. Joshua Theunissen (#1) 

Note reference #: 

1. 

Paid or payable to management company 

Use of Remuneration Consultants   

The Board have previously employed external consultants to review and to provide recommendations in respect 
of the amount and elements of executive remuneration, including short-term and long-term incentive plan design.   

No remuneration consultants were employed during the year.   

Termination Payment 

No termination payments were paid during the year to KMP.   

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

Share Based Payments 

No share-based payments were made during the year ended 30 June 2020 or 30 June 2019.   

Voting and comments at the Company’s 2019 Annual General Meeting   

The Company received 99.89% of “yes” votes on its remuneration report for the 2019 financial year. 

The Company did not receive any specific feedback at the AGM on its remuneration report. 

Year ended 30 June 2019 

Short term benefits 

Post- 
employment 
benefits 

Cash, fees 
salary & 
commissions 
$ 

Non-cash 
Benefits/ 
Other 
$ 

Termination 
Payments 
$ 

Superannuation 
$ 

Total 
$ 

% of 
remuneration 
that is 
performance 
based 

109,589 

250,000 

250,000 

255,960 

55,500 

921,049 

- 

- 

- 

9,270 

- 

9,270 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

10,411 

120,000 

- 

- 

250,000 

250,000 

21,545 

286,775 

- 

55,500 

31,956 

962,275 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

Directors   
Mr. Gerard King 

Mr. Alexander Brown (#1) 

Mdm Kang Rong (#1) 

Other KMP 
Mr. Tim Chase   

Mr. Joshua Theunissen (#1) 

Note reference #: 

1. 

Paid or payable to management company 

Service Contracts 

Service contracts (or letters of engagement) have been entered into by the Group, or are in the process of 
being  entered into,  with  all  key management  personnel  and  executives,  describing  the  components  and 
amounts of remuneration applicable on their initial appointment, including terms, other than non-executives 
who have long established understanding of arrangements with the Group. These contracts do not fix the 
amount  of  remuneration  increases  from  year to  year. Remuneration  levels  are  reviewed  generally  each 
year  by  the  Remuneration  Committee  to  align  with  changes  in  job  responsibilities  and  market  salary 
expectations.   

Other  key  management  personnel  have  ongoing  contracts  with  a  notice  period  of  three  months  for  key 
management personnel. There are no non-standard termination clauses in any of these contracts. 

 The Remuneration Committee considers the appropriate remuneration requirements. In August 2012, the 
Group  engaged  external  consultants  to  review  the  Group’s  salary  and  incentive  benchmarks.  No 
consultants were engaged to review Group remunerations during the year ended 30 June 2020. 

END OF REMUNERATION REPORT 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

Indemnifying Officers or Auditor 

Insurance premiums paid for Directors 

  During  the  year,  Astron  Limited  paid  a  premium  of  $50,798  (2019:  $35,802)  in  respect  of  a  contract 
indemnifying Directors, secretaries and executive officers of the company and its controlled entities against 
a liability incurred as Director, secretary or executive officer. The contract of insurance prohibits disclosure 
of the nature of the cover.   

The Company has not otherwise, during or since the end of the financial year, except to the extent permitted 
by  law,  indemnified  or  agreed  to  indemnify  an  officer  or  auditor  of  the  company  or  any  of  its  controlled 
entities against a liability incurred as such an officer or auditor. 

  Non-audit services 

During the financial year, the following fees for non-audit services were paid or payable to the auditor, BDO 
Limited, or their related practices: 

Other Services 
Taxation services 
Other assurance services 

2020 
$ 

- 
- 

2019 
$ 

8,178 
- 

The Directors are satisfied that the provision of non-audit services, during the year, by the auditor (or by 
another person or firm on behalf of the auditor), is compatible with the general standard of independence 
for auditors imposed by the Corporations Act 2001.   

The Directors are satisfied that the provision of non-audit services by the auditor, as set out above, did not 
compromise  the  auditor  independence  requirements  of  the  Hong  Kong  Institute  of  Certified  Public 
Accountants (“HKICPA”) for the following reasons: 

• 

• 

all non-audit services have been reviewed by the Board to ensure that they do not impact the integrity 
and objectivity of the auditor; and 
none of the non-audit services undermine the general principles relating to auditor independence as 
set out by the HKICPA. 

Auditors’ Independence Declaration 

The lead auditors’ independence declaration for the year ended 30 June 2020 has been received and can 
be found on page 15 of the financial report. 

Directors’ declaration regarding HKFRS compliance statement 

The Directors’ declare that these annual financial statements have been prepared in compliance with Hong 
Kong Financial Reporting Standards. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Company Number: 1687414 

Directors’ Report 

30 June 2020 

Proceedings on Behalf of Company 

No person has applied to the Court for leave to bring proceedings on behalf of the company, or to intervene 
in any proceedings to which the company is a party, for the purpose of taking responsibility on behalf of the 
company for all or part of those proceedings. 

Signed in accordance with a resolution of Directors:   

Mdm Kang Rong   

Dated this 30 September 2020 

Mr. Gerard King 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

Sales revenue 
Cost of sales 

Gross profit 
Interest income 

Other income 

Distribution expenses 

Marketing expenses 

Occupancy expenses 

Administrative expenses 

Reversal of provision for impairment on receivables 

Fair value loss on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

Costs associated with Gambian litigation 

Finance costs 

Other expenses 

Loss before income tax expense 
Income tax (expense)/benefit 

Net loss for the year 

Other comprehensive income 
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: 

(Decrease)/Increase in foreign currency translation reserve (tax: Nil) 

Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

Loss for the year attributable to: 

Owners of Astron Corporation Limited 

Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to: 

Note 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

7 

2020 
$ 

8,430,039 

(8,258,584) 

171,455 
2,159 

344,246 

(583,907) 

(218,110) 

(48,479) 

2019 
$ 
7,977,198 

(4,481,514) 

3,495,684 
15,625 

217,225 

(382,096) 

(79,177) 

(87,586) 

(4,448,707) 

(4,333,108) 

469,657 

(5,044) 

(136,006) 

(1,651,551) 

(100,416) 

(6,204,703) 

(88,117) 

(6,292,820) 

411,395 

(23,794) 

(65,625) 

(1,275,210) 

(165,245) 

(2,271,912) 

358,950 

(1,912,962) 

(255,877) 

(255,877) 

(6,548,697) 

2,944,129 

2,944,129 

1,031,167 

(6,292,820) 

(1,912,962) 

Owners of Astron Corporation Limited 

(6,548,697) 

1,031,167 

The above Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income should be read in conjunction with 
the accompanying notes. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income (continued) 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

LOSS PER SHARE   
Loss per share (cents per share) 

Diluted loss per share (cents per share) 

Note 
8 

2020 
Cents 

2019 
Cents 

(5.14) 

(5.14) 

(1.56) 

(1.56) 

The above Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income should be read in conjunction with 
the accompanying notes. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

As at 30 June 2020 

ASSETS 

Current assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Term deposits greater than 90-days 

Trade and other receivables 

Inventories 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Available-for-sale financial assets 
Total current assets 

Non-current assets 

Trade and other receivables 

Property, plant and equipment 

Exploration and evaluation assets 

Development costs 

Right-of-use assets 

Land use rights 

Total non-current assets 

TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES 

Current liabilities 

Trade and other payables 

Contract liabilities 

Borrowings 

Provisions 

Total current liabilities 

Non-current liabilities 

Deferred tax liabilities 

Long-term provisions 

Total non-current liabilities 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

NET ASSETS 

2 

Note 

10 

10.3 

11 

12 

14 

11 

16 

17 

18 

19 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

23 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

555,504 

46,112 

11,039,026 

9,930,340 

20,322 

1,687,549 

46,112 

9,820,565 

7,348,837 

25,366 

21,591,304 

18,928,429 

- 

2,077,163 

26,648,011 

70,297,773 

8,205,625 

2,983,286 

26,220,427 

69,400,384 

7,804,124 

- 

- 

3,090,641 

108,134,695 

108,592,739 

129,725,999 

127,521,168 

13,125,453 

5,106,984 

10,917,671 

116,901 

9,639,406 

4,363,126 

7,133,146 

95,642 

29,267,009 

21,231,320 

5,941,198 

792,508 

5,229,611 

786,256 

6,733,706 

6,015,867 

36,000,715 

27,247,187 

93,725,284 

100,273,981 

The above Consolidated Statement of Financial Position should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (continued) 

As at 30 June 2020 

EQUITY 

Issued capital 

Reserves 

Retained earnings 

TOTAL EQUITY 

Note 

25 

26 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

76,549,865 

14,257,151 

76,549,865 

14,513,028 

2,918,268 

9,211,088 

93,725,284 

100,273,981 

The above Consolidated Statement of Financial Position should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 

read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 

Mdm Kang Rong   

Mr. Gerard King 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 
For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

Year Ended 30 June 2020 

Equity as at 1 July 2019   

Loss for the year 

Other comprehensive income 
Exchange differences on 

translation of foreign operations 
Total comprehensive income for 

the year 

Issued 
capital 
$ 

Retained 
earnings 
$ 

Share 
based 
payment 
reserve 
$ 

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve 
$ 

Total 
equity 
$ 

76,549,865 

9,211,088 

913,104 

13,599,924 

100,273,981 

- 

- 

- 

(6,292,820) 

- 

(6,292,820) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(6,292,820) 

(255,877) 

(255,877) 

(255,877) 

(6,548,697) 

Equity as at 30 June 2020 

76,549,865 

2,918,268 

913,104 

13,344,047 

93,725,284 

Year Ended 30 June 2019 

Equity as at 1 July 2018   

Initial application of HKFRS 9 
Restated balance as at 1 July 

2018 

Loss for the year 

Other comprehensive income 
Exchange differences on 

translation of foreign operations 
Total comprehensive income for 

the year 

Equity as at 30 June 2019 

Issued 
capital 
$ 

Retained 
earnings 
$ 

Share 
based 
payment 
reserve 
$ 

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve 
$ 

Total 
equity 
$ 

76,549,865 

11,689,667 

913,104 

10,655,795 

99,808,431 

- 

(565,617) 

- 

- 

(565,617) 

76,549,865 

11,124,050 

913,104 

10,655,795 

99,242,814 

- 

- 

- 

(1,912,962) 

- 

(1,912,962) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(1,912,962) 

2,944,129 

2,944,129 

2,944,129 

1,031,167 

76,549,865 

9,211,088 

913,104 

13,599,924 

100,273,981 

The above Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 
For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

Cash flows from operating activities: 

Receipts from customers 

Payments to suppliers and employees 

Net cash outflow from operations 

Refundable Australian R&D tax offsets received 

Note 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

10,136,280 

7,915,476 

(12,112,055) 

(15,055,938) 

(1,975,775) 

(7,140,462) 

623,470 

415,145 

Net cash outflow from operating activities 

31.1   

(1,352,305) 

(6,725,317) 

Cash flows from investing activities: 

Proceeds in short term deposits 

Receipts from partial settlement of land receivable 

Acquisition of property, plant and equipment 

Capitalised exploration and evaluation expenditure 

Net cash outflow from investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities: 

Interest received 

Interest paid 

Partial settlement of offtake agreement 

Repayment of borrowings 

Proceeds from borrowings 

Net cash inflow from financing activities 

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year 

Net foreign exchange differences 

- 

15,000 

1,483,981 

(2,123,232) 

(1,831,166) 

3,688,765 

(4,390,335) 

(3,385,602) 

(2,470,417) 

(4,072,172) 

2,160 

(631,177) 

  (205,753) 

  (8,187,404) 

12,034,612 

15,625 

(207,630) 
- 

- 

6,797,319 

31.4 

3,012,438 

6,605,314 

(810,284) 

(4,192,175) 

1,687,549 

(321,761) 

555,504 

3,167,548 

2,712,176 

1,687,549 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year 

31.2 

The above Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

1.  Corporate Information 

The  consolidated financial  statements  of  Astron  Corporation  Limited for the  year  ended  30  June  2020 
were  authorised  for  issue  in  accordance  with  a  resolution  of the  Directors  on  30  September  2020  and 
relate  to  the  consolidated  entity  consisting  of  Astron  Corporation  Limited  (“the  Company”)  and  its 
subsidiaries (collectively “the Group”).  

The financial statements are presented in Australian dollars ($). 

Astron Corporation Limited is a for-profit company limited by shares incorporated in Hong Kong whose 
shares are publicly traded through CHESS Depository Interests on the Australian Securities Exchange 
(“ASX”). 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

2.1  Basis of Preparation 

The financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  Hong  Kong  Financial  Reporting 
Standards  and  Interpretations  (hereinafter  collectively referred to  as  the  (“HKFRS”) issued  by  the 
Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“HKICPA”) and the provisions of the Hong Kong 
Companies Ordinance which concern the preparation of financial statements.   

The  financial  statements  have  also  been  prepared  on  a  historical  cost  basis,  except  for  certain 
financial instruments which are measured at fair value as explained in the accounting policies set out 
below. 

Going Concern 

As at 30 June 2020, the Group had a deficit of current assets over current liabilities of $7,675,705 
(2019: $2,302,891) and the Group incurred net loss after tax and had net cash outflow from operating 
activities  of  $6,292,820  and  $1,352,305  respectively  for  the  current  year  and  $1,912,962  and 
$6,725,317 respectively for the previous year. These conditions along with the other matters set out 
below indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability 
to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the 
going concern basis, which assumes the continuity of normal business activity and the realisation of 
assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. The directors are of the view 
that based on a cash flow forecast covering 18 months from the end of the reporting period with the 
consideration the plans and measures stated below, the business is a going concern as the short-
term needs of the Group to meet its ongoing operating costs and committed project expenditure are 
forecast to be covered by the existing resources on hand for at least the next 12 months from the 
date of this report (the “forecast period”).   

The Group is  confident it  will  have  sufficient funds  to meet its  ongoing  needs for  at least  the  next 
twelve months from the date of this report based on the following: 

  The Group expects its operating mineral separation plant, situated in Yingkou, the PRC is able 
to  reach  its  ideal  capacity  during  the  forecast  period.  Further  the  development  of  the 
agglomeration  process  should  translate into  additional  higher value  sales  being  derived. The 
Group projects the processing of feedstock will bring about substantial increase in sales and net 
cash inflow, as the quantity produced and sold are expected to be significantly higher than that 
achieved in the current year and a stable gross margin is expected to be maintained. The Group 
is also confident that it can transition sales of this product to its existing rutile customer (trading) 
base and expand its market share in the PRC market. 

22 

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.1  Basis of Preparation (continued) 

  The Group expects to receive the gross balance of the sale of land receivable of approximately 
$1.5 million (note 11.1) outstanding at 30 June 2020, in the next twelve months. Subsequent to 
year end, the Group received approximately $0.4 million of this balance. 

  The Senegal project has faced delays in proceeding to operational status. This has delayed the 
expected  commencement  of  production.  This  delay  could  potentially  have  an  impact  on  the 
Group’s  obligations  to  a  major  customer  (“Wensheng”) for  the  offtake  of  Senegal  project.  As 
explained  in  note  21(a),  Wensheng  placed  a  deposit  of  RMB20  million  (approximately  $4.1 
million)  to  secure its  position  as  the  primary  customer  of the  offtake. The  Group  has  been  in 
discussions  with Wensheng  regarding  the  late  delivery  of  product,  penalties  thereon  and  any 
demand  for  repayment  of  the  deposit  and  is  confident  such  negotiations  will  not  significantly 
affect the Group’s operating cash flows in the forecast period. As at 30 June 2020, the balance 
decreased to $3.9 million. 

  The Group is confident the PRC market for mineral sands and the trading of mineral sands will 

further develop with increasing demand over the forecast period. 

  The  undertakings  by  two  of  the  directors  not  to  demand  repayments  due  to  them  and  their 
related entities of approximately $9.0 million until such time when the Group has available funds 
and is generating positive operating cash flows (refer note 29.6). 

  The Group has unused loan facilities of $1.4 million (refer to note 31.3) and is in negotiation with 
a PRC bank for a credit of approximately $6 million and are confident these discussions with be 
successful.     

These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability 
and  classification  of  recorded  asset  amounts  or  to  the  amounts  and  classification  of liabilities that 
might be necessary should the Group not continue as a going concern. 

The following significant accounting policies have been adopted in the preparation and presentation 
of the financial statements. 

2.2  Basis of Consolidation 

The Group financial statements consolidate those of the Parent Company and all of its subsidiaries 
as of 30 June 2020. The Parent controls a subsidiary if it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns 
from its involvement with the subsidiary and has the ability to affect those returns through its power 
over the subsidiary.   

All transactions and balances between Group companies are eliminated on consolidation, including 
unrealised gains and losses on transactions between  Group companies. Where unrealised losses 
on  intra-group  asset  sales  are  reversed  on  consolidation,  the  underlying  asset  is  also  tested  for 
impairment from a group perspective. Amounts reported in the financial statements of subsidiaries 
have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted by 
the Group. 

Profit  or  loss  and  other  comprehensive  income  of  subsidiaries  acquired  or  disposed  of  during  the 
year are recognised from the effective date of acquisition, or up to the effective date of disposal, as 
applicable. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.3  Foreign Currency Translation 

The functional and presentation currency of the Company and its Australian subsidiaries is Australian 
dollars (“$”). 

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates 
ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies 
are retranslated at the rate of exchange ruling at the end of the reporting period. Foreign exchange 
gains  and  losses  resulting  from  settling  foreign  currency  transactions,  as  well  as  from  restating 
foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, are recognised in profit or loss except 
when they are deferred in other comprehensive income as qualifying cash flow hedges or where they 
relate to differences on foreign currency borrowings that provide a hedge against a net investment in 
a foreign entity. 

Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange 
rates at the date when fair value was determined.   

The  functional  currency  of  the  overseas  subsidiaries  is  primarily  Chinese  Renminbi  (“RMB”).  The 
assets and liabilities of these overseas subsidiaries are translated into the presentation currency of 
the Company at the closing rate at the end of the reporting period and income and expenses are 
translated at the weighted average exchange rates for the year. All resulting exchange differences 
are recognised in other comprehensive income as a separate component of equity (foreign currency 
translation reserve). On disposal of a foreign entity, the cumulative exchange differences recognised 
in foreign currency translation reserves relating to that particular foreign operation are recognised in 
the profit and loss. 

2.4  Revenue Recognition 

Revenue  is  recognised  at  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  received  or  receivable.  Amounts 
disclosed as revenue are net of returns, trade allowances and duties and taxes paid. The following 
specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised: 

Sale of goods 

Revenue  from  contracts  with  customers  is  recognised  when  control  of  goods  or  services  is 
transferred to the customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects 
to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, excluding those amounts collected on behalf 
of third parties. Revenue excludes value added tax or other sales taxes and is after deduction of any 
trade discounts. 

Depending on the terms of the contract and the laws that apply to the contract, control of the goods 
or  service  may  be  transferred  over  time  or  at  a  point  in  time.  Control  of  the  goods  or  service  is 
transferred over time if the Group’s performance: 

- 

- 

- 

provides all of the benefits received and consumed simultaneously by the customer;   

creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the Group performs; or 

does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Group and the Group has an enforceable 
right to payment for performance completed to date. 

If control of the goods or services transfers over time, revenue is recognised over the period of the 
contract by reference to the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. 
Otherwise, revenue is recognised at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the goods 
or service. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.4  Revenue Recognition (continued) 

Sale of goods (continued) 

When the contract contains a financing component which provides the customer a significant benefit 
of financing  the transfer  of  goods  or  services  to the  customer for more  than  one  year,  revenue is 
measured at the present value of the amounts receivable, discounted using the discount rate that 
would  be  reflected  in  a  separate  financing  transaction  between  the  Group  and  the  customer  at 
contract inception. Where the contract contains a financing component which provides a significant 
financing benefit to the Group, revenue recognised under that contract includes the interest expense 
accreted on the contract liability under the effective interest method. For contracts where the period 
between  the  payment  and  the  transfer  of  the  promised  goods  or  services is  one  year  or less,  the 
transaction  price  is  not  adjusted  for  the  effects  of  a  significant  financing  component,  using  the 
practical expedient in HKFRS 15. 

Revenue from sale of products is recognised when the relevant goods are delivered and the contract 
was pass to customer and transferred point in time. There is only one performance obligation. 

Interest income 

Revenue is recognised as interest accrues using the effective interest method. The effective interest 
method uses the effective interest rate which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future 
cash receipts over the expected life of the financial asset. 

Rental income 

Rental income is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Contingent rentals are 
recognised as income in the periods when they are earned. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.5  Income Tax 

The income tax expense for the year is the tax payable on the current year's taxable income based 
on the national income tax rate for each jurisdiction adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and 
liabilities attributable to temporary differences between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their 
carrying amounts in the financial statements, and to unused tax losses. 

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognised  for  all  temporary  differences,  between  carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their respective tax bases, at 
the tax rates expected to apply when the assets are recovered or liabilities settled, based on those 
tax rates which are enacted or substantively enacted for each jurisdiction. Exceptions are made for 
certain temporary differences arising on initial recognition of an asset or a liability if they arose in a 
transaction, other than a business combination, that at the time of the transaction did not affect either 
accounting profit or taxable profit. 

Deferred tax assets are only recognised for deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses 
if it is  probable  that future  taxable  amounts  will  be  available to  utilise  those  temporary  differences 
and losses. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised for temporary differences between the carrying 
amount and tax bases of investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures where 
the  parent  entity  is  able to  control  the  timing  of the  reversal  of  the temporary  differences  and  it  is 
probable that the differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

Astron  Limited,  the  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  Astron  Corporation  Limited,  and  the  Australian 
subsidiaries wholly owned by Astron Limited have implemented the tax consolidation legislation for 
the whole of the financial year. Astron Limited is the head entity in the tax consolidated group. The 
stand-alone taxpayer within a group approach has been used to allocate current income tax expense 
and deferred tax balances to wholly owned subsidiaries that form part of the tax consolidated group. 
Astron  Limited  has  assumed  all  the  current  tax  liabilities  and  the  deferred  tax  assets  arising  from 
unused  tax  losses  for  the  tax  consolidated  group  via  intercompany  receivables  and  payables 
because  a  tax funding  arrangement  has  been  in  place  for the  whole  financial  year. The  amounts 
receivable/payable  under  tax  funding  arrangements  are  due  upon  notification  by  the  head  entity, 
which is issued soon after the end of each financial year. Interim funding notices may also be issued 
by the head entity to its wholly owned subsidiaries in order for the head entity to be able to pay tax 
installments. These amounts are recognised as current intercompany receivables or payables. 

To the extent that research and development costs are eligible activities under the “Research and 
development tax incentive” programme, a 45% refundable tax offset is available for companies with 
annual turnover of less than $20 million. The Group recognises refundable tax offsets received in the 
financial year as an income tax benefit, in profit or loss, resulting from the monetisation of available 
tax losses that otherwise would have been carried forward. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.6  Financial Instruments   

(i)  Financial assets 

A financial asset (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) is initially 
measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), transaction 
costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. A trade receivable without a significant 
financing component is initially measured at the transaction price. 

All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade date, that is, 
the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Regular way purchases or sales are 
purchases  or  sales  of financial  assets  that  require  delivery  of  assets  within  the  period  generally 
established by regulation or convention in the market place. 

Equity instruments 

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Group could irrevocably 
elect to present subsequent changes in the investment’s fair value in other comprehensive income. 
This  election  is  made  on  an  investment-by-investment  basis.  Equity  investments  at  fair  value 
through other comprehensive income are measured at fair value. Dividend income are recognised 
in profit or loss unless the dividend income clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the 
investments. Other net gains and losses are recognised in other comprehensive income and are 
not  reclassified  to  profit  or  loss.  All  other  equity  instruments  are  classified  as  FVTPL,  whereby 
changes in fair value, dividends and interest income are recognised in profit or loss. 

(ii) 

Impairment loss on financial assets 

The Group recognises loss allowances for expected credit loss (“ECL”) on trade receivables, other 
receivables, and other financial assets measured at amortised cost. The ECLs are measured on 
either  of  the following  bases:  (1)  12 months  ECLs: these  are  the  ECLs that result from  possible 
default events within the 12 months after the reporting date: and (2) lifetime ECLs: these are ECLs 
that  result  from  all  possible  default  events  over  the  expected  life  of  a  financial  instrument.  The 
maximum period considered when estimating ECLs is the maximum contractual period over which 
the Group is exposed to credit risk. 

ECLs  are  a  probability-weighted  estimate  of  credit  losses.  Credit  losses  are  measured  as  the 
difference  between  all  contractual  cash  flows  that  are  due  to  the  Group  in  accordance  with  the 
contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive. The shortfall is then discounted 
at an approximation to the assets’ original effective interest rate. 

For trade receivables, the Group applies the simplified approach and has calculated ECLs based 
on  lifetime  ECLs.  The  Group  has  established  a  provision  matrix  that  is  based  on  the  Group’s 
historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the 
economic environment. 

For other debt financial assets, the ECLs are based on the 12-months ECLs. However, when there 
has been a significant increase in credit risk since origination, the allowance will be based on the 
lifetime ECLs. 

When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial 
recognition  and  when  estimating  ECL,  the  Group  considers  reasonable  and  supportable 
information  that  is  relevant  and  available  without  undue  cost  or  effort.  This  includes  both 
quantitative and qualitative information analysis, based on the Group’s historical experience and 
informed credit assessment and including forward-looking information. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.6  Financial Instruments (continued) 

(ii) 

Impairment loss on financial assets (continued) 

The Group assumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly if it is more 
than 30 days past due. 

The Group considers a financial asset to be credit-impaired when: (1) the borrower is unlikely to 
pay  its  credit  obligations  to  the  Group  in  full,  without  recourse  by  the  Group  to  actions  such  as 
realising security (if any is held); or (2) the financial asset is more than 90 days past due. 

Interest income on credit-impaired financial assets is calculated based on the amortised cost (i.e. 
the  gross  carrying  amount  less  loss  allowance)  of  the  financial  asset.  For  non  credit-impaired 
financial assets interest income is calculated based on the gross carrying amount. 

(iii)  Financial liabilities 

The Group classifies its financial liabilities, depending on the purpose for which the liabilities were 
incurred.    Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are initially measured at fair value 
and  financial  liabilities  at  amortised  costs  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value,  net  of  directly 
attributable costs incurred. 

Financial liabilities at amortised cost 

Financial  liabilities  at  amortised  cost  including  trade  and  other  payables,  borrowings,  certain 
preference  shares  and  the  debt  element  of  convertible  loan  note  issued  by  the  Group  are 
subsequently  measured  at  amortised  cost,  using  the  effective  interest  method.    The  related 
interest expense is recognised in profit or loss. 

Gains  or  losses  are  recognised  in  profit  or loss  when  the  liabilities  are  derecognised  as  well  as 
through the amortisation process. 

(iv)  Effective interest method 

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or 
financial liability and of allocating interest income or interest expense over the relevant period. The 
effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts or payments 
through the expected life of the financial asset or liability, or where appropriate, a shorter period. 

(v)  Equity instruments 

Equity  instruments issued  by  the  Company  are  recorded  at  the  proceeds  received,  net  of  direct 
issue costs. 

The  Hong  Kong  Companies  Ordinance,  Cap.  622  (“the  Ordinance”),  came  into  operation  on  3 
March  2014.  Under  the  Ordinance,  shares  of  the  Company  do  not  have  a  nominal  value. 
Consideration received or receivable for the issue of shares on or after 3 March 2014 is credited to 
share capital.    Commissions and expenses are allowed to be deducted from share capital under 
s. 148 and s. 149 of the Ordinance. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.6  Financial Instruments (continued) 

(vi)  Derecognition 

The Group derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the future cash flows in 
relation  to  the  financial  asset  expire  or  when  the  financial  asset  has  been  transferred  and  the 
transfer meets the criteria for derecognition in accordance with HKFRS 9. 

Financial  liabilities  are  derecognised  when  the  obligation  specified  in  the  relevant  contract  is 
discharged, cancelled or expires. 

2.7  Cash and Cash Equivalents 

For the purposes of the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents includes 
cash on hand and at banks, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short term, highly 
liquid  investments  with  maturities  of  three  months  or  less,  that  are  readily  convertible  to  known 
amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and bank overdrafts. 
For the purpose of the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, term deposits with maturity over three 
months are shown as cash flows from investing activities. 

2.8  Inventories 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost comprises all direct materials, 
direct  labour  and  an  appropriate  portion  of  variable  and  fixed  overheads.  Fixed  overheads  are 
allocated  on  the  basis  of  normal  operating  capacity.  Costs  are  assigned  to  inventories  using  the 
weighted average cost basis. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course 
of business, less the estimated selling cost of completion and selling expenses. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.9   Property, Plant and Equipment 

Each  class  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  is  carried  at  cost  less,  where  applicable,  any 
accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. 

All  other  plant  and  equipment  is  stated  at  historical  cost,  including  costs  directly  attributable  to 
bringing  the  asset  to the location  and  condition  necessary for it  to  be  capable  of  operating  in  the 
manner intended by management, less depreciation and any impairments.   

Freehold land is not depreciated. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of either 
the unexpired period of the lease or the estimated useful lives of the improvements.   

Depreciation on other assets is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 
the asset as follows: 

Class of Asset 
Leasehold Buildings 
Freehold Land 
Plant and Equipment 

  50 years   
  Indefinite   
  3-20 Years   

The assets' residual value and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of 
each reporting period. 

Gains and losses on disposals are calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds 
and  the  asset's  carrying  amount  and  are included in  profit  or loss  in the  year  that the item is  de-
recognised. 

The cost of fixed assets constructed within the Group includes the cost of materials, direct labour, 
borrowing costs (if any) and an appropriate proportion of fixed and variable overheads. 

Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, 
as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will 
flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.   

Additional costs incurred on impaired capital works in progress are expensed in profit or loss. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.10 Leases 

Accounting policies applicable from 1 July 2019 

All leases (irrespective of they are operating leases or finance leases) are required to be captialised 
in the statement of financial position as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, but accounting policy 
choices exist for an entity to choose not to capitalise (i) leases which are short-term leases and/or 
(ii) leases for which the underlying asset is of low-value. The Group has elected not to recognise 
right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for which at the commencement date have a lease term of 
12  months  or  less.  The  lease  payments  associated  with  those  leases  have  been  expensed  on 
straight-line basis over the lease term. 

Right-of-use asset 

The right-of-use asset should be recognised at cost and would comprise: (i) the amount of the initial 
measurement of the lease liability; (ii) any lease payments made at or before the commencement 
date, less any lease incentives received; (iii) any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee and (iv) 
an estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in dismantling and moving the underlying asset to 
the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease, unless those costs are incurred to 
produce inventories. Except for right-of-use asset that meets the definition of an investment property 
or a class of property, plant and equipment to which the Group applies the revaluation model, the 
Group measures the right-of-use assets applying the cost model. Under the cost model, the Group 
measures the right-of-use assets at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and any impairment 
losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liability. Lease assets are depreciated on a 
straight-line  basis  over  their  expected  useful lives  on the  same  basis  as  owned  assets,  or  where 
shorter, the term of the relevant lease. 

The following payments for the right-of-use the underlying asset during the lease term that are not 
paid  at  the  commencement  date  of  the  lease  are  considered  to  be  lease  payments:  (i)  fixed 
payments  less  any  lease  incentives  receivable;  (ii)  variable    lease  payments  that  depend  on  an 
index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as the commencement date; (iii) amounts 
expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees; (iv) the exercise price of a 
purchase  option  if  the  lessee  is  reasonably  certain  to  exercise  that  option  and  (v)  payments  of 
penalties  for  terminating  the  lease,  if  the  lease  term  reflects  the  lessee  exercising  an  option  to 
terminate the lease. 

Accounting policies applied until 30 June 2019 

Leases where the lessor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the net asset 
are  classified  as  operating  leases.  Payments  made  under  operating  leases  (net  of  incentives 
received from the lessor) are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the 
lease. 

2.11 Land Use Rights 

Accounting policies applied until 30 June 2019 

The upfront prepayments made for land use rights are expensed in profit or loss on a straight-line 
basis  over  the  period  of  the  lease  or,  when  there  is  impairment,  it  is  expensed  immediately. 
Leasehold land previously accounted for as land use rights are accounted for as right-of-use assets 
from 1 July 2019 onwards, as explained in note 2.22(i)(a)(i) and 2.10 above. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.12 Intangibles 

Research and development costs 

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development costs incurred on an individual project is 
capitalised  if  the  product  or  service  is  technically  feasible,  adequate  resources  are  available  to 
complete the project, it is probable that future economic benefits will be generated and expenditure 
attributable  to  the  project  can  be  measured  reliably.  Expenditure  capitalised  comprises  costs  of 
services  and  direct  labour.  Other  development  costs  are  expensed  when  they  are  incurred.  The 
carrying value of development costs is reviewed annually when the asset is not yet available for use, 
or when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. 

Capitalised  development  costs  are  amortised  over  the  periods  the  Group  expects  to  benefit from 
selling the products developed. The amortisation expense is recognised in profit or loss. 

Exploration and Evaluation Expenditure 

(i)  Costs carried forward 

Costs arising from exploration and evaluation activities are carried forward provided that the 
rights to tenure of the area of interest are current and such costs are expected to be recouped 
through successful development, or by sale, or where exploration and evaluation activities have 
not,  at  reporting  date,  reached  a  stage  to  allow  a  reasonable  assessment  regarding  the 
existence  of  economically  recoverable  reserves.  Expenditure  incurred  is  accumulated  in 
respect of each identifiable area of interest. 

Water rights 

The Group has capitalised water rights. The water rights are amortised over the term of the 
right. The carrying value of water rights is reviewed annually or when events or circumstances 
indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.   

(ii)  Costs abandoned area 

Costs carried forward in respect of an area of interest that is abandoned are written off in the 
year in which the decision to abandon is made. 

(iii)  Regular review 

A  regular  review  is  undertaken  of  each  area  of interest  to  determine  the  appropriateness  of 
continuing to carry forward costs in relation to that area of interest. 

(iv)  Costs of site restoration 

Costs of site restoration are to be provided once an obligation presents. Site restoration costs 
include the dismantling and removal of mining plant, equipment and building structures, waste 
removal and rehabilitation of the site in accordance with clauses of the mining permits. Such 
costs  will  be  determined  using  estimates  of  future  costs,  current  legal  requirements  and 
technology on a discounted basis. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.13 Impairment of Assets 

At  the  end  of  each  reporting  period,  the  Group  assesses  whether  there  is  any  indication  that 
individual  assets  are  impaired.  Where  impairment  indicators  exist,  recoverable  amount  is 
determined and impairment losses are recognised in the profit and loss where the asset's carrying 
value  exceeds its  recoverable  amount.  Recoverable  amount is  the  higher  of  an  asset's  fair value 
less costs to sell and value in use. For the purpose of assessing value in use, the estimated future 
cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects current 
market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. 

Where it is not possible to estimate recoverable amount for an individual asset, recoverable amount 
is determined for the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs. 

2.14 Borrowing Costs 

Borrowing  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  acquisition,  construction  or  production  of  assets  that 
necessarily take a substantial period of time to prepare for their intended use or sale, are added to 
the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use 
or sale. 

All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred. 

2.15 Provisions 

Provisions for legal claims, service warranties and make good obligations are recognised when the 
Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that 
that an outflow of economic resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can 
be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses. 

Where the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting 
the expected future cash flows at a pretax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time 
value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. 

2.16 Employee Benefit Provisions 

Wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave 

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits, annual leave and accumulating 
sick leave expected to be settled within 12 months of the end of the reporting period are recognised 
in respect of employees' services rendered up to the end of the reporting period and measured at 
amounts  expected to  be  paid  when  the  liabilities  are settled.  Liabilities for  non-accumulating  sick 
leave  are  recognised  when  leave  is  taken  and  measured  at  the  actual  rates  paid  or  payable. 
Liabilities for wages and salaries and annual leave are included as part of “Other Payables”. 

Bonus plan 

The Group recognises an expense and a liability for bonuses when the entity is contractually obliged 
to make such payments or where there is past practice that has created a constructive obligation.   

Retirement benefit obligations 

The  Group  contributes  to  employee  superannuation  funds  in  accordance  with  its  statutory 
obligations. Contributions are recognised as expenses as they become payable. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.17 Share Based Payments 

The Group may provide benefits to employees (including Directors) of the Group in the form of share-
based payment transactions, whereby employees render services in exchange for shares ("equity 
settled  transactions").  Such  equity  settled  transactions  are  at  the  discretion  of  the  Remuneration 
Committee. To date, no such equity settled transactions have been undertaken.     

The fair value  of  options  or  rights  granted  is  recognised  as  an  employee  benefit  expense  with  a 
corresponding  increase  in  equity  (share-based  payment  reserve).  The  fair  value  is  measured  at 
grant  date  and  recognised  over  the  period  during  which  the  employees  become  unconditionally 
entitled  to  the  options.  Fair  value  is  determined  using  a  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model.  In 
determining fair value, no account is taken of any performance conditions other than those related 
to  the  share  price  of  Astron  Corporation  Limited  ("market  conditions").  The  cumulative  expense 
recognised between grant date and vesting date is adjusted to reflect the Directors’ best estimate of 
the number of options or rights that will ultimately vest because of internal conditions of the options 
or rights, such as the employees having to remain with the  Group until vesting date, or such that 
employees are required to meet internal KPI. No expense is recognised for options or rights that do 
not  ultimately  vest  because  internal  conditions  were  not  met.  An  expense  is  still  recognised  for 
options or rights that do not ultimately vest because a market condition was not met. 

Where  the  terms  of  options  or  rights  are  modified, the  expense  continues  to  be  recognised  from 
grant date to vesting date as if the terms had never been changed. In addition, at the date of the 
modification, a further expense is recognised for any increase in fair value of the transaction as a 
result of the change. 

Where  options  are  cancelled,  they  are  treated  as  if  vesting  occurred  on  cancellation  and  any 
unrecognised  expenses  are  taken  immediately  to  profit  or  loss.  However,  if  new  options  are 
substituted for the cancelled options or rights and designated as a replacement on grant date, the 
combined impact of the cancellation and replacement are treated as if they were a modification. 

When  shareholders’  approval  is  required  for  the  issuance  of  options  or  rights,  the  expenses  are 
recognised  based  on  the  grant-date  fair  value  according  to  the  management  estimation.  This 
estimate is re-assessed upon obtaining formal approval from shareholders. 

2.18 Dividends/Return of Capital 

No dividends were paid or proposed for the years ended 30 June 2020 and 30 June 2019. There is 
no Dividend Reinvestment Plan in operation. 

2.19 Segment Reporting 

Segment  revenues,  expenses,  assets  and  liabilities  are  those  that  are  directly  attributable  to  a 
segment  and  the  relevant  portion  that  can  be  allocated  to  the  segment  on  a  reasonable  basis. 
Segment  assets  include  all  assets  used  by  a  segment  and  consist  primarily  of  operating  cash, 
receivables,  inventories,  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  other  intangible  assets.  Segment 
liabilities consist primarily of trade and other creditors, employee benefits and provisions. 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.20   Earnings Per Share 

Basic earnings per share 

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to owners of the Company 
by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted 
for bonus elements in ordinary shares during the year. 

Diluted earnings per share 

Earnings used to calculate diluted earnings per share are calculated by adjusting the basic earnings 
by  the  after tax  effect  of  dividends  and  interest  associated  with  dilutive  potential  ordinary  shares. 
The  weighted  average  number  of  shares  used  is  adjusted  for  the  weighted  average  number  of 
ordinary shares that would be issued on the conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares 
into ordinary shares. 

2.21 Goods and Services Tax (“GST”)/Value Added Tax (“VAT”) 

Revenues,  expenses  are  recognised  net  of  GST/VAT  except  where  GST/VAT  incurred  on  a 
purchase  of  goods  and  services  is  not  recoverable from  the  taxation  authority, in  which  case  the 
GST/VAT is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense item. 

Receivables  and  payables  are  stated  with  the  amount  of  GST/VAT  included.  The  net  amount  of 
GST/VAT recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of receivables 
or payables in the consolidated statement of financial position. 

Commitments and contingencies are disclosed net of the amount of GST/VAT recoverable from, or 
payable to, the taxation authority. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.22 Adoption of HKFRS 

(i)  Adoption of new or revised HKFRSs - effective on 1 July 2019 

The HKICPA has issued a number of new or amended HKFRSs that are first effective for the 
current accounting period of the Group: 

  HKFRS 16, Leases 
  HK(IFRIC)-Int 23,    Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments 
  Prepayment Features and Negative Compensation 
  Annual Improvements to HKFRSs 2015-2017 Cycle, Amendments to HKAS 12 Income 

Taxes and HKAS 23 Borrowing Costs 

The impact of adoption of HKFRS 16 Leases have been summarised below. The other new 
or amend HKFRSs that are effective from 1 July 2019 did not have any material impact on the 
Group accounting policies. 

(a)  HKFRS 16 Leases (“HKFRS 16”) 

HKFRS  16  brings  significant  changes  in  accounting  treatment  for  lease  accounting, 
primarily for accounting for lessees. It replaces HKAS 17 Leases (“HKAS 17”), HK(IFRIC)- 
Int 4 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease, HK(SIC)-Int 15 Operating 
Leases-  Incentives  and  HK(SIC)-Int  27  Evaluating  the  Substance  of  Transactions 
involving the Legal Form of a Lease. From a lessee’s perspective, almost all leases are 
recognised in the statement of financial position as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, 
with the narrow exception to this principle for leases  which the underlying assets are of 
low-value  or  are  determined  as  short-term  leases.  From  a  lessor’s  perspective,  the 
accounting treatment is substantially unchanged from HKAS 17.   

The Group has applied HKFRS 16 using the cumulative effect approach and recognised 
all  the  cumulative  effect  of initially  applying  HKFRS  16, if  any,  as  an  adjustment  to  the 
opening balance of retained earnings at the date of initial application. The comparative 
information presented in 2019 has not been restated and continues to be reported under 
HKAS 17 and related interpretations as allowed by the transition provision in HKFRS 16. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.22 Adoption of HKFRS (continued) 

(i)  Adoption of new or revised HKFRSs - effective on 1 July 2019 (continued) 

(a)  HKFRS 16 (continued) 

(i)  The new definition of a lease 

Under HKFRS 16, a lease is defined as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys 
the right to use an assets (the underlying asset) for a period of time in exchange for 
consideration.    A contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset 
for a period of time when the customer, throughout the period of use, has both: (a) 
the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified 
asset and (b) the right to direct the use of the identified asset. 

For a contract that contains a lease component and one or more additional lease or 
non-lease components, a lessee  shall allocate the consideration in the contract to 
each  lease  component  on  the  basis  of  the  relative  stand-alone  price  of  the  lease 
component  and  the  aggregate  stand-alone  price  of  the  non-lease  components, 
unless the lessee apply the practical expedient which allows the lessee to elect, by 
class  of  underlying  asset,  not  to  separate  non-lease  components  from  lease 
components,  and  instead  account  for  each  lease  component  and  any  associated 
non-lease components as a single lease component. 

(ii)  Accounting as a lessee and transitional impact 

Under HKAS 17, a lessee has to classify a lease as an operating lease or a finance 
lease based on the extent to which risks and rewards  incidental to ownership of a 
lease asset lie with the lessor or the lessee. If a lease is determined as an operating 
lease, the lessee would recognise the lease payments under the operating lease as 
an  expense  over  the  lease  term.    The  asset  under  the  lease  would  not  be 
recognised in the statement of financial position of the lessee. 

Under  HKFRS  16,  all  leases  (irrespective  of  they  are  operating  leases  or  finance 
leases) are required to be capitalised in the statement of financial position as right-
of-use assets and lease liabilities, but HKFRS 16 provides accounting policy choices 
for an entity to choose not to capitalise (i) leases which are short-term leases and/or 
(ii) leases for which the underlying asset is of low-value.   

To ease the transition to HKFRS 16, the Group has elected not to recognise right-of-
use assets and lease liabilities for low-value assets. The Group has leases for which 
at  the  commencement  date  have  a  lease  term  less  than  12  months.  The  lease 
payments associated with those leases have been expensed on straight-line basis 
over the lease term. There was no impact on retained earnings on 1 July 2019.     

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.22 Adoption of HKFRS (continued) 

(i)  Adoption of new or revised HKFRSs - effective on 1 July 2019 (continued) 

(a)  HKFRS 16 (continued) 

(ii)     Accounting as a lessee and transitional impact (continued) 

Right-of-use asset 

The  right-of-use  asset  should  be  recognised  at  cost  and  would  comprise:  (i)  the 
amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability (see below for the accounting 
policy to account for lease liability); (ii) any lease payments made at or before the 
commencement date, less any lease incentives received; (iii) any initial direct costs 
incurred by the lessee and (iv) an estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in 
dismantling and removing the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms 
and conditions of the lease, unless those costs are incurred to produce inventories.   

The Group measures the right-of-use assets applying a cost model. Under the cost 
model,  the  Group  measures  the  right-to-use  at  cost,  less  any  accumulated 
depreciation  and  any  impairment  losses,  and  adjusted  for  any  remeasurement  of 
lease liability.   

Upon the adoption of HKFRS 16 on 1 July 2019, the land use rights with net carrying 
amount  of  $3,090,641  were  reclassified  from  “Land  use  rights”  to  “Right-of-use 
assets”  (refer  to  note  2.11).  There  was  no  impact  on  retained  earnings  on  1  July 
2019. 

Lease liability 

The lease liability should be recognised at the present value of the lease payments 
that  are  not  paid  at the  date  of  commencement  of  the lease.  The  lease  payments 
shall  be  discounted  using  the  interest  rate implicit in  the  lease,  if  that rate  can  be 
readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group shall use the 
Group’s incremental borrowing rate. 

The  following  payments  for  the  right-to-use  the  underlying  asset  during  the  lease 
term that are not paid at the commencement date of the lease are considered to be 
lease payments: (i) fixed payments less any lease incentives receivable: (ii) variable 
lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index 
or rate as at commencement date; (iii) amounts expected to be payable by the lessee 
under residual value guarantees; (iv) the exercise price of a purchase option if the 
lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option and (v) payments of penalties for 
terminating  the lease,  if the  lease  term  reflects  the  lessee  exercising  an  option  to 
terminate the lease. 

Subsequent to the commencement date, a lessee  shall measure the lease liability 
by:  (i)  increasing  the  carrying  amount  to  reflect  interest  on  the  lease  liability;  (ii) 
reducing  the  carrying  amount  to  reflect  the  lease  payments  made;  and  (iii) 
remeasuring the carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or lease modifications, 
e.g., a change in future lease payments arising from change in an index or rate, a 
change in the lease term, a change in the in substance fixed lease payments or a 
change in assessment to purchase the underlying asset. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.22 Adoption of HKFRS (continued) 

(i)  Adoption of new or revised HKFRSs - effective on 1 July 2019 (continued) 

(a)  HKFRS 16 (continued) 

(iii)     Accounting as a lessor 

The Group has leased out its land to a number of tenants. As the accounting under 
HKFRS  16  for  a  lessor  is  substantially  unchanged  from  the  requirements  under 
HKAS  17,  the  adoption  of  HKFRS  16  in  this  respect  does  not  have  a  significant 
impact on these financial statements. 

(b)  HK(IFRIC)-Int 23 – Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments 

The  Interpretation  supports  the  requirements  of  HKAS  12  Income  Taxes,  by  providing 
guidance over how to reflect the effects of uncertainty in accounting for income taxes. 

Under the interpretation, the entity shall determine whether to consider each uncertain tax 
treatment separately or together based on which approach better predicts the resolution 
of the  uncertainty.  The  entity  shall  also  assume the tax  authority  will  examine  amounts 
that  it  has  a  right  to  examine  and  have  full  knowledge  of  all  related  information  when 
making those examinations. If the entity determines it is probable that the tax authority will 
accept an uncertain tax treatment, then the entity should measure current and deferred 
tax in line with its tax filings. If the entity determines it is not probable, then the uncertainty 
in  the  determination  of  tax  is  reflected  using  either  the  “most  likely  amount”  or  the 
“expected value” approach, whichever better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty. 

(c)  Amendments to HKFRS 9 - Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation 

The amendments clarify that prepayable financial assets with negative compensation can 
be  measured  at  amortised  cost  or  at fair value  through  other  comprehensive income if 
specified conditions are met – instead of at fair value through profit or loss. 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.22 Adoption of HKFRS (continued) 

(i)  Adoption of new or revised HKFRSs - effective on 1 July 2019 (continued) 

(d)  Annual Improvements to HKFRSs 2015-2017 Cycle 

The amendments issued under the annual improvements process make small, non-urgent 
changes to standards where they are currently unclear. They include the following: 

Amendments to HKAS 12 Income Taxes 

The amendments issued under the annual improvements process make small, non-urgent 
changes  to  standards  where  they  are  currently  unclear.  They  include  amendments  to 
HKAS  12  which  clarify  that  all  income  tax  consequences  of  dividends  are  recognised 
consistently with the transactions that generated the distributable profits, either in profit or 
loss, other comprehensive income or directly in equity. 

Amendments to HKAS 23 Borrowing Costs 

The amendments issued under the annual improvements process make small, non-urgent 
changes  to  standards  where  they  are  currently  unclear.    They  include  amendments  to 
HKAS  23  which  clarifies  that  a  borrowing made  specifically to  obtain  a  qualifying  asset 
which remains outstanding after the related qualifying asset is ready for its intended use 
or sale would become part of the funds an entity borrows generally and therefore included 
in the general pool. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

2.22 Adoption of HKFRS (continued) 

(ii)  New or revised HKFRSs that have been issued but are not yet effective 

The following new or revised HKFRSs, potentially relevant to the Group’s financial statements, 
have been issued, but are not yet effective and have not been early adopted by the Group. 
The Group’s current intention is to apply these changes on the date they become effective. 

Amendments to HKFRS 3 
Amendments to HKFRS 9, 
HKAS 39 and HKFRS 7 
Amendments to HKFRS 10 

and HKAS 28   

Amendments to HKFRS 16 
HKFRS 17 
Annual Improvement to 
HKFRSs 2018-2020 

Definition of a Business1 
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform1 

Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and 
its Associate or Joint Venture6 
COVID-19-Related Rent Concessions2 
Insurance Contracts3 
Amendments to HKFRS 1, HKFRS 9, HKFRS 16 and   
HKFRS 414 

Amendments to HKAS 1 and 

Definition of Material1 

HKAS 8 

Amendments to HKAS 1 
Amendments to HKAS 16 
Amendments to HKAS 37 

Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-curent5 
Property, Plant and Equipment4 
Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets4 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020 
Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 June 2020 
Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2021 
Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022 
Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 
The amendments were originally intended to be effective for periods beginning on 
or after 1 January 2018. The effective date has now been deferred/removed. Early 
application of the amendments of the amendments continue to be permitted. 

The directors anticipate that all of the relevant pronouncements will be adopted in the Group’s 
accounting policy for the first period beginning after the effective date of the pronouncement. 
The directors are currently assessing the possible impact of these new or revised standards 
on  the  Group’s  results  and  financial  position  in  the  first  year  of  application.  Those  new  or 
revised HKFRSs that have been issued but are not yet effective are unlikely to have material 
impact on the Group’s results and financial position upon application. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

3.  Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments 

In  the  application  of  the  Group’s  accounting  policies,  the  directors  are  required  to  make  judgements, 
estimates  and  assumptions  about  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  not  readily 
apparent  from  other  sources.  The  estimates  and  associated  assumptions  are  based  on  historical 
experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results differ from these estimates.     

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting 
estimates  are  recognised  in  the  period in  which the  estimate is  revised if  the revision  affects  only that 
period  or in  the  period  of  the  revision  and future  periods  if  the revision  affects  both  current  and future 
periods. 

3.1  Impairment assessment of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment (“PPE”) 

The Group assesses impairment at the end of each reporting period by evaluating conditions specific 
to the Group that may lead to impairment of intangible assets and PPE. Where an impairment trigger 
exists,  the  recoverable  amount  of  the  asset  is  determined.  Fair  value  less  costs  to  dispose 
calculations are performed in assessing recoverable amounts incorporate a number of key estimates 
and judgements. 

The Group has used a combination of independent and Director valuations to support the carrying 
value of intangible assets while the Group also uses bankable feasibility status reports where these 
are available. The Group’s main intangible assets are its exploration and evaluation assets related 
to the Donald Mineral Sands project located in Victoria, Australia and its development costs incurred 
on  the  Niafarang  project in  Senegal. The valuations  use  various  assumptions  to  determine future 
cash  flows  based  around  risks  including  capital,  geographical,  markets,  foreign  exchange  and 
mineral price fluctuations. 

All other assets have been assessed for impairment based on either their value in use or fair value 
less  costs  to  sell.  The  impairment  assessments  inherently  involve  significant  judgements  and 
estimates to be made. 

Capitalisation of Exploration and Evaluation Assets 

The Group has continued to capitalise expenditure, incurred on the exploration and evaluation of the 
Donald Mineral Sands project in Victoria, Australia in accordance with HKFRS 6. This has occurred 
because the technical feasibility and economic viability of extracting the mineral resources have not 
been  completed  and  hence  are  not  demonstrable  at  this  time.  The  Group  has  assessed  that  the 
balances capitalised will be recoverable through the project’s successful development. 

Capitalisation of Development Assets 

The Group  has  continued  to  capitalise  expenditure,  in  accordance  with  HKAS  38, incurred  on the 
development of the Niafarang Mineral Sands project in Senegal. The Group has assessed that the 
balances capitalised will be recoverable through the project’s successful development.   

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

3.  Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments (continued) 

3.2  Provision for Expected Credit Losses of Receivables 

The  provision  for  impairment  of  receivables  assessment  requires  a  degree  of  estimation  and 
judgement. The level of provision is assessed by taking into account the recent sales experience, the 
aging  of  receivables,  historical  collection  rates  and  specific  knowledge  of  the  individual  debtors’ 
financial position. The Group has an outstanding receivable for the disposal of surplus land in China 
from  2015,  further  details  of  which  are  set  out  in  note  11.1.  During  the  year,  the  Group  made 
significant progress with $1.5 million due at year end (2019: $3.0 million) and subsequent settlement 
of $0.4 million was received in July 2020. The Group is confident the balance will be settled within 
the next twelve months.   

3.3  Income Tax 

The Group is subject to income taxes in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Significant judgment is 
required  in  determining  the  provision  for  income  tax.  There  are  transactions  and  calculations 
undertaken  during  the  ordinary  course  of  business  for  which  the  ultimate  tax  determination  is 
uncertain.  The  group  recognises  tax  receivables  and  liabilities  based  on  the  Group’s  current 
understanding  of  the  tax  law.  Where  the  final  tax  outcome  of  these  matters  is  different  from  the 
carrying amounts, such differences will impact the current and deferred tax provisions in the period 
in which such determination is made. 

3.4  Deferred Tax Assets 

Deferred tax assets have not been recognised for capital losses and China revenue losses as the 
utilisation of these losses is not considered probable at this stage.   

3.5  Inventories 

Management estimates the net realisable values of inventories, taking into account the most reliable 
evidence available at each reporting date. The future realisation of these inventories may be affected 
by future technology or other market-driven changes that may reduce future selling prices.   

4.  Segment Information 

4.1  Description of Segments 

The  Group  has  adopted  HKAS  8  Operating  Segments  from  whereby  segment  information  is 
presented using a 'management approach', i.e. segment information is provided on the same basis 
as  information  used  for  internal  reporting  purposes  by  the  Managing  Director/President  (chief 
operating decision maker) who monitors the segment performance based on the net profit before tax 
for the period. Operating segments have been determined on the basis of reports reviewed by the 
Managing Director/President who is considered to be the chief operating decision maker of the Group. 
The reportable segments are as follows: 

  Donald Mineral Sands (“DMS”): Development of the DMS mine 
  China: Development and construction of mineral processing plant and mineral trading 
  Senegal: Development of the Niafarang mine 
  Other: Group treasury and head office activities 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8
9
1
,
7
7
9
,
7

9
3
0
,
0
3
4
,
8

5
2
6
,
5
1

5
2
2
,
7
1
2

9
5
1
,
2

6
4
2
,
4
4
3

8
4
0
,
0
1
2
,
8

4
4
4
,
6
7
7
,
8

-

6

-

6

-

5
8
4

1
1
7
,
1
2

6
9
1
,
2
2

)
2
1
9
,
1
7
2
,
2
(

)
3
0
7
,
4
0
2
,
6
(

)
9
3
2
,
6
3
7
(

)
0
1
8
,
7
2
4
,
1
(

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8
9
1

,

7
7
9
7

,

9
3
0

,

0
3
4
8

,

-

-

s
r
e
m
o
t
s
u
c

l

a
n
r
e
t
x
e

6
5
3

,

3
1

2
2
0

,

9
6

9
2
4
1

,

3
5
0
4
2
1

,

3
6
2
2

,

5
4
2

3
0
2
8
4
1

,

2
8
4
8
9
1

,

6
7
5

,

9
5
0
8

,

1
2
5

,

5
5
5
8

,

6
6
4
0
5
1

,

7
2
7
8
9
1

,

,

)
6
3
7
1
2
5
1
(

,

,

)
1
1
8
7
5
7
4
(

,

)
7
3
9

,

3
1
(

)
2
8
0

,

9
1
(

:
s
e
c
r
u
o
s

r
e
h
t
o
m
o
r
f
e
u
n
e
v
e
R

e
m
o
c
n
I

r
e
h
t
o

d
n
a

t
n
e
R

e
m
o
c
n

i

t
s
e
r
e

t

n
I

s
t
e
s
s
a
e
b
g
n
a
t
n
I

i

l

e
u
n
e
v
e
r

l

a
t
o
T

t
l
u
s
e
r

t
n
e
m
g
e
S

s
s
o

l

t
n
e
m
g
e
S

,

E
P
P

f
o

n
o
i
t
i

i

s
u
q
c
A

4
4

7
3
9
,
5
7
7
,
7

8
9
3
,
4
5
9
,
3

1
3
4
,
3
4
8

5
2
6
,
1
4
6
,
1

-

-

-

-

5
9
6
,
5
3
2
,
1

8
3
8
6
5
2

,

0
6
9

,

3
9
2
4

,

1
3
6

,

3
9
2
1

,

2
8
2

,

6
4
2
2

,

9
2
9

,

3
0
4
,
2

t
n
e
m
g
e
s

t
n
e
r
r
u
c
-
n
o
n

r
e
h
t
o

d
n
a

s
t
e
s
s
a

-

-

1
4
3
7
3
8

,

7
3
8

,

9
3
6
1

,

0
9
0
6

,

8
8
7
1

,

n
o
i
t
a
s
i
t
r
o
m
a

d
n
a

n
o
i
t
a

i

c
e
r
p
e
D

h
t
i

w
s
t
c
a
r
t
n
o
c
m
o
r
f
e
u
n
e
v
e
R

:
s
t
c
u
d
o
r
p

l
a
r
e
n
m

i

f
o
e
l
a
S

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
C

r
e
h
t
O

l
a
g
e
n
e
S

i

a
n
h
C

S
M
D

9
1
-
n
u
J

0
2
-
n
u
J

9
1
-
n
u
J

0
2
-
n
u
J

9
1
-
n
u
J

0
2
-
n
u
J

9
1
-
n
u
J

0
2
-
n
u
J

9
1
-
n
u
J

0
2
-
n
u
J

e
n
u
J
0
3

i

t
n
e
d
s
e
r
P

/

i

r
o
t
c
e
r
i
D
g
n
g
a
n
a
M
e
h
t
o
t
d
e
d
i
v
o
r
p
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

t
n
e
m
g
e
S

2
.
4

)
d
e
u
n
i
t
n
o
c
(
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

I

t
n
e
m
g
e
S

.

4

0
2
0
2

e
n
u
J
0
3
d
e
d
n
E
r
a
e
Y
e
h
T
r
o
F

d
e
t
i

i

m
L
n
o
i
t
a
r
o
p
r
o
C
n
o
r
t
s
A

3
5
5
4
2
9
4
5
1
N
B
R
A

s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
S

i

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F
d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
C
e
h
t
o
t
s
e
t
o
N

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
5
4

d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
C

r
e
h
t
O

l
a
g
e
n
e
S

i

a
n
h
C

S
M
D

9
1
-
n
u
J

0
2
-
n
u
J

9
1
-
n
u
J

0
2
-
n
u
J

9
1
-
n
u
J

0
2
-
n
u
J

9
1
-
n
u
J

0
2
-
n
u
J

9
1
-
n
u
J

0
2
-
n
u
J

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

e
n
u
J
0
3

6
4
1
,
3
3
1
,
7

1
7
6
,
7
1
9
,
0
1

1
1
6
,
9
2
2
,
5

8
9
1
,
1
4
9
,
5

7
8
1
,
7
4
2
,
7
2

5
1
7
,
0
0
0
,
6
3

8
6
1
,
1
2
5
,
7
2
1

9
9
9
,
5
2
7
,
9
2
1

8
6
1
,
1
2
5
,
7
2
1

9
9
9
,
5
2
7
,
9
2
1

9
1
0
,
3
1
3

6
5
5
,
8
4
3
,
4

8
9
4
,
1
0
9
,
8

2
5
0
,
6
6
1
,
9

0
1
8
,
6
8
6
,
4
4

3
0
0
,
0
5
9
,
0
4

1
4
8
,
9
1
6
,
3
7

8
8
3
,
1
6
2
,
5
7

0
3
4
,
4
8
8
,
4
1

6
4
8
,
1
4
1
,
9
1

2
1
8
,
0
8
9
,
2

8
7
1
,
3
1
5
,
3

6
0
6
,
5
5
8

5
6
8
,
8
6
9

7
2
4
,
6
5
0
,
0
1

6
5
1
,
6
3
3
,
4
1

5
8
5
,
1
9
9

7
4
6
,
3
2
3

s
t
e
s
s
a
l
a
t
o
t
d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
C

s
t
e
s
s
a

t
n
e
m
g
e
S

s
t
e
s
s
A

s
e
i
t
i
l
i

b
a
i
l

l
a
t
o
t
d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
C

s
e
i
t
i
l
i

b
a

i
l

t
n
e
m
g
e
S

s
e
i
t
i
l
i

b
a
i
L

i

s
g
n
w
o
r
r
o
B

s
e
i
t
i
l
i

b
a

i
l

x
a
t

d
e
r
r
e
e
D

f

)
d
e
u
n
i
t
n
o
c
(

i

t
n
e
d
s
e
r
P

/

i

r
o
t
c
e
r
i
D
g
n
g
a
n
a
M
e
h
t
o
t
d
e
d
i
v
o
r
p
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

i

t
n
e
m
g
e
S

2
.
4

)
d
e
u
n
i
t
n
o
c
(
n
o
i
t
a
m
r
o
f
n

I

t
n
e
m
g
e
S

.

4

0
2
0
2

e
n
u
J
0
3
d
e
d
n
E
r
a
e
Y
e
h
T
r
o
F

d
e
t
i

i

m
L
n
o
i
t
a
r
o
p
r
o
C
n
o
r
t
s
A

3
5
5
4
2
9
4
5
1
N
B
R
A

s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
S

i

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F
d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
C
e
h
t
o
t
s
e
t
o
N

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

4.  Segment Information (continued) 

4.3  Geographical Information 

Although the Group is managed globally, it operates in the following main geographical areas: 

Hong Kong 

The Company was incorporated in Hong Kong. 

Australia 

The home country of Astron Limited and one of the operating subsidiaries which performs evaluation 
and exploration activities. Interest and rental income is derived from Australian sources. 

China 

The home country of subsidiaries which operate in the mineral trading and downstream development 
segment. 

Other 

The Group is focused on developing mineral sands opportunities, principally in Senegal with a view 
to integrating into the Chinese operations. 

Sales revenue 

Interest income 

Non-current assets 

Australia 

China 

2020 
$ 

- 

2019 
$ 

- 

8,430,039 

7,977,198 

Other countries 

- 

- 

8,430,039 

7,977,198 

2020 
$ 

245 

1,429 

485 

2,159 

2019 
$ 

2,263 

13,356 

2020 
$ 

75,466,807   

23,011,947   

6 

9,655,941 

2019 
$ 

73,434,318 

25,905,061 

9,253,360 

15,625 

108,134,695 

108,592,739 

During 2020, $5,627,444 or 67% (2019: $6,160,787 or 77%) of the revenue depended on five (2019: 
six) customers. 

5.  Revenue and Other Income 

Revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of 
HKFRS 15 

Timing of revenue recognition – at a point in time 
-  sale of goods 

8,430,039 

7,977,198 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

5.  Revenue and Other Income – Continued   

Interest income 

Other income:   
-  rental income 
-  other income 
Total other income 

6.  Loss Before Income Tax Expense 

Loss before income tax expense is arrived at after charging/crediting:   

6.1  Employee benefits (including directors’ remuneration): 

Salaries and fees 
Non-cash benefits 
Superannuation   

6.2  Other items 

Finance costs: 
-  on borrowings and early redemption of note receivables 
-  on Wensheng deposits (note 21(a)) 

Short-term lease charges in respect of premises 
Research and development costs 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Less: capitalisation of water rights amortisation (note 17(f)) 

Costs associated with Gambia litigation (note 13) 
Reversal of provision for impairment on receivables (note 11) 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

2,159 

15,625 

174,482 
169,764 
344,246 

148,203 
69,022 
217,225 

2020 
$ 
677,573 
182,333 
42,105 
902,011 

2019 
$ 
558,368 
159,107 
53,529 
771,004 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

629,216 
1,022,335 
1,651,551 
48,479 
783,206 
2,234,886 
(593,261) 
1,641,625 
136,006 
(469,657) 

229,207 
1,046,003 
1,275,210 
87,586 
544,151 
1,733,321 
(889,890) 
843,431 
65,625 
(411,395) 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

7. 

Income Tax (Expense)/Benefit 

7.1  The components of tax (expense)/benefit comprise: 

Current tax benefit in respect of current year 
Deferred taxation: 
- Unrealised inventory 
- Loss recognised/(carried forwards) for the year 
- Capitalisation of expenditure on DMS project (net) 
- Other movements 

Total 

2020 
$ 
623,470 
(711,587) 
(1,026,798)   
210,949 
42,547 
61,715 

2019 
$ 
415,143 
(56,193) 
2,861,553 
(2,584,445) 
(385,747) 
52,446 

(88,117)   

358,950 

7.2  The prima facie tax on loss before income tax is reconciled to the income tax as follows: 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

Loss before income tax expense 

(6,204,703) 

(2,271,912) 

Prima facie tax payable on profit 27.5% (2019: 27.5%) 

- 

continuing operations 

Add/(Less) tax effect of: 

non-deductible items - Gambia 
non-taxable items 
tax losses not recognised on overseas entities 
research & development tax incentive * 
(under)/over provision in respect of prior years 
impact of overseas tax differential 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
Income tax expense/(benefit) 

(1,706,293) 
(1,706,293) 

37,402 
(149,411) 
2,534,088 
(623,470) 
- 
(4,199) 
88,117 

(624,776) 
(624,776) 

18,047 
(251,491) 
912,639 
(415,143) 
13,514 
(11,740) 
(358,950) 

The applicable weighted average effective tax rates are as 

follows: 

1.4% 

15.8% 

*    Tax benefit relates to Australian Government Grant in relation to research & development tax 

incentives on eligible expenditure related to the DMS project. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

7. 

Income Tax (Expense)/Benefit (continued) 

7.3  Income tax rates 

Australia 

In accordance with the Australian Income Tax Act, Astron Limited and its 100% owned Australian 
subsidiaries have formed a tax consolidated group, tax funding or sharing agreements have been 
entered into. Australia has a double tax agreement with China and there are currently no impediments 
to  repatriating  profits  from  China  to  Australia.  Dividends  paid  to  Astron  Limited  from  Chinese 
subsidiaries are non-assessable under current Australian Income Tax Legislation.   

China (including Hong Kong) 

The Company is subject to Hong Kong tax law. 

The  Group’s  subsidiaries  in  China  and  are  subject  to Chinese  income tax laws.  Chinese  taxation 
obligations have been fully complied based on the regular tax audits performed by the Chinese tax 
authorities. 

7.4  Items not chargeable or not deductible for tax purposes 

Items  not  chargeable  or  deductible  for  tax  purposes  for  the  Group  principally  represent  costs 
associated  with  the  Gambian  litigation  and  other  costs  incurred  but  not  related  to  Australian 
operations.   

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

8.  Loss Per Share 

8.1  Reconciliation of loss used in the calculation of loss per share: 

Loss attributable to owners 
Loss used to calculate basic and diluted loss per share 

8.2  Weighted average number of ordinary shares: 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding 

during the year for the purpose of basic and diluted loss per 
share   

8.3  Dilutive shares   

2020 
$ 
(6,292,820) 
(6,292,820) 

2019 
$ 
(1,912,962) 
(1,912,962) 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

122,479,784 

122,479,784 

There were no shares issued under escrow at or post year end. There were no rights or options for 
shares outstanding at year-end. 

9.  Auditors' Remuneration 

Audit and review of financial statements 
BDO Limited 

Other services   
- 

taxation services 

10.  Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash on hand 
Current & call account balances 

Total 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

197,877 
197,877 

162,160 
162,160 

- 
- 

8,178 
8,178 

2020 
$ 
41,798 
513,706 

555,504 

2019 
$ 

10,222   
1,677,327   
1,687,549   

Cash on hand is non-interest bearing. Bank balances and short-term deposits at call bear floating interest 
rates between 0.0% and 0.01% (2019: 0.0% and 0.75%). Deposits have an average maturity of 90 days 
(2019: 90 days).   

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

10.  Cash and Cash Equivalents (continued) 

10.1 Concentration of risk by geography – cash and cash equivalents 

Australia 
China 
Hong Kong 
USA 
Senegal 
Total 

10.2  Concentration of risk by bank   

Australia   
Commonwealth Bank - S&P rating of AA-   
      (2019: AA-) 
Westpac Bank - S&P rating of AA- (2019: AA-) 
Bank of China - S&P rating of A (2019: A) 
Other Australian banks 

China 
Bank of China - S&P rating of A1 (2019: A1) 
Construction Bank - S&P rating of A (2019: A) 
China Zheshang Bank - BA1 (2019: BA1) 
Shengjing Bank - unrated 
Other banks 

Other countries 
Other banks 

Restrictions on cash 

2020 
$ 
237,194 
260,153 
2,250 
27,813 
28,094 
555,504 

2019 
$ 
129,141 
1,351,736 
2,243 
27,262 
177,167 
1,687,549 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

187,105 
1,646 
12,050 
36,279 
237,080 

10,861 
122 
206,141 
1,330 
14 
218,468 

58,158 
58,158 

87,174 
1,646 
12,029 
28,280 
129,129 

936,501 
3,207 
398,757 
2,255 
806 
1,341,526 

206,672 
206,672 

The  Chinese  domiciled  cash  on  hand  may  have  some  restriction  on  repatriation  to  Australia 
depending on basis on which the funds are transferred to Australia. Depending on the basis, there 
may be taxes (including withholding tax) of 13% (2019: 16%) to be paid.   

As at 30 June 2020, Australian domiciled cash at banks included $45,000 (2019: $45,000) of cash 
backed by Bank Guarantee for the operations of the Donald Mineral Sands project. 

As  at  30 June  2019, the  Chinese  domiciled  cash  at  banks  included  $31,673  of  cash  restricted  by 
bank as security for certain note payables and letters of credit. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

10.  Cash and Cash Equivalents (continued) 

10.3  Term deposits greater than 90 days 

Term deposits with maturity over 90 days 

2020 
$ 
46,112 

2019 
$ 
46,112 

As at 30 June 2020, term deposits with maturity over 90 days of $46,112 (2019: $46,112) bear fixed 
interest rates of 0.9% (2019: 0.9%) and have a maturity of 3-6 months. 

Restrictions on cash 

The short-term deposits include $45,000 (2019: $45,000) of cash backed by Bank Guarantees for 
the operations of the Donald Mineral Sands project.   

10.4  Concentration of risk by geography – term deposits   

Australia 

10.5  Concentration of risk by bank – term deposits 

Australia 
Commonwealth Bank-S&P rating of AA- (2019: AA-) 
Other 

2020 
$ 
46,112 

2019 
$ 
46,112 

2020 
$ 

35,000 
11,112 
46,112 

2019 
$ 

35,000 
11,112 
46,112 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

11.  Trade and Other Receivables 

Current assets: 
Trade debtors   
Impairments 
Net trade debtors 
Land sale receivable   
Impairments 
Net land sale receivables 
Sundry receivable 
Prepayments 
Impairments 
Net prepayments 

Non-current assets: 
Land sale receivable   
Impairments 

Total   

11.1  Land sale receivable 

Note 

11.2 
11.3 

11.1 

11.4 
11.4 

11.1 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

2,727,932 
(113,460) 
2,614,472 
1,495,660 
(65,062) 
1,430,598 
545,760 
6,818,551 
(370,355) 
6,448,196 
11,039,026 

3,961,058 
(377,519) 
3,583,539 
622,873 
- 
622,873 
438,688 
5,549,189 
(373,724) 
5,175,465 
9,820,565 

- 
- 
- 

2,339,758 
(262,595) 
2,077,163 

11,039,026  11,897,728 

During the year ended 30 June 2014, the Group entered into an agreement to transfer 1,065,384 
sqm of land held in Yingkou Province in China to a state-owned entity. As the under-development 
of  this  land  resulted  from  a  change  of  government  development  plans  and  restructure,  this  land 
transfer has been subsidised by the Chinese Government. Final contracts over the land sale have 
been exchanged and the disposal was brought to account in the year ended 30 June 2015. The net 
proceeds receivable amounted to $20,356,248.   

The  land  contract  is  unconditional,  and  payment  is  binding  on  the  buyer  being  the  Yingkou 
Government and its related entities, but the payments expected have been delayed. During the year 
ended 30 June 2020, there were receipts of $1,483,981 (2019: $3,688,765) with a gross balance 
receivable  of  $1,495,660  (2019:  $2,962,631). While  the  receivable  is  currently  outside  the  terms 
initially agreed, the Group is confident all of the amounts outstanding will be received. In July 2020, 
a further $399,175 was received.   

As  at  30  June  2020  the  total  amount  outstanding  before  ECL  provision  was  $1,495,660  (2019: 
$2,962,631). The directors continue to believe this remaining balance will be recovered in full as it 
is owed by a Chinese government entity but estimate it will now be settled in 2020/21. The provision 
has accordingly been determined on that basis. During the year ended 30 June  2020, the Group 
received  payment  of  $1,483,981  and  therefore  reversal  of  expected  credit  loss  of  $201,090  was 
recognised for the year ended 30 June 2020 (2019: $308,895). As at 30 June 2020, the impairment 
provision for land sale receivable is $65,062 (2019: $262,595). 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

11.  Trade and Other Receivables (continued) 

11.2  Ageing analysis 

The ageing analysis of trade debtors, based on due dates, is as follows: 

0-30 days (not past due) 
Total 

2020 
$ 

2,614,472 

2,614,472 

2019 
$ 
3,583,539 
3,583,539 

At  the  end  of  the  reporting  period,  the  Group’s  trade  debtors  are  predominantly  receivable  from 
Chinese trading partners. The Chinese debtors are regularly reviewed and as is common practice 
in China the terms may be extended to preserve client relationships. Where applicable the Group 
has impaired significantly overdue receivables. 

It is the Group’s policy that where possible that sales are made in exchange for notes (guaranteed 
by a Chinese bank) minimising the Group’s exposure to an impairment issue. 

11.3  Impairment on trade debtors and other receivables   

At year end, the Group has reviewed its trade debtors and brought to account impairment where 
required.   

During the year ended 30 June 2020, reversals of expected credit loss of $268,567 (2019: $102,500) 
and  $201,090  (2019:  $308,895)  on  trade  debtors  and  land  sale  receivable  respectively  was 
recognised for the year ended 30 June 2020. As at 30 June 2020, the impairment provision for trade 
debtors and other receivables is $178,522 (2019: $640,114). 

11.4  Prepayments   

At year end, the Group had made advances to suppliers for inventory purchases. 

Included in prepayments is an amount of RMB1,800,000 carried forward from 2008, equivalent to 
$370,355 (2019: $373,724) which is the prepayment for construction. This amount has been  fully 
impaired due to low possibility of collection. 

12.  Inventories 

Raw materials 

Work-in-progress 
Finished goods   
Goods in transit 

Total 

2020 
$ 
3,308,399 

2019 
$ 
6,881,973 

107,213 

108,168 

6,321,450 
193,278 
9,930,340 

351,843 
6,853 
7,348,837 

There is no provision against inventory to net realisable value as of 30 June 2020 and 2019. 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

13.  Investments in Gambia 

 Carnegie  Minerals  (Gambia)  Limited  is  a  100%  subsidiary  of  the  Company.  It  was  incorporated  to 
commence mining activities in Gambia. The investments and receivables associated with the company 
have  been  impaired  in  full.  The  original  agreement  prior  to  the  seizure  of  the  assets  was  that  Astron 
Limited had an obligation to fund the development and operating costs of the mine by way of loans. 

As announced to the ASX on 23 July 2015, the Group has received a successful finding in its favour. The 
Group  and  the  Gambian  government  made  submissions  on  damages  to  the  International  Centre  for 
Settlement  of  Investment  Disputes  (“ICSID”).  ICSID  has  determined  the  award  including  damages  in 
favour of Astron. 

The  determination  was  for  US$18,658,358  in  damages  for  breach  of  the  mining  licence,  interest  of 
US$993,683, arbitration costs of US$445,860 (minus any sums refunded to Astron by ICSID on its final 
accounting) and £2,250,000 for legal costs. In total this is approximately $31 million. 

On 2 December 2015, the Group notified the ASX that Gambia had submitted an application for annulment 
to ICSID, on the grounds of the constitution of the arbitral tribunal, and arguments about admissibility and 
jurisdiction. An application for annulment is the only form of action open to Gambia under the ICSID rules, 
as there is no form of appeal process.   

The ICSID panel of 3 arbitrators has confirmed that the Award should not be annulled in whole or in part 
in  July  2020.  The  Group  has  been  ordered  to  meet  one  half  of  the  cost  of  the  Committee  being 
US$221,992 payable to Gambia and shall be offset against sums due under the Award. As of 30 June 
2020, no assets arising from this matter were recognised.   

When  the  Group  receives  a  settlement,  an  additional  contingent  legal  fee  of  £171,000  (equivalent  to 
approximately $307,000) is payable to Clyde & Co.   

During  the  year  the  Group  incurred  additional  legal  and  other  related  expenses  to  the  Gambian 
proceedings in the amounts of $136,006 (2019: $65,625). 

14.  Financial Assets At Fair Value Through Profit Or Loss 

Equity securities 
- Listed in Australia   

Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

2020 
$ 

20,322 
20,322 

2019 
$ 

25,366 
25,366 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss represent listed equity investments in Australia. These 
financial assets comprise investments in the ordinary issued capital of three public companies listed on 
the ASX. The cost of these investments was $1,877,716. There are no fixed returns or fixed maturity date 
attached to these investments. 

There will be no capital gains tax payable on the sale of these assets due to existing capital losses carried 
forward. For listed equity securities and preference shares, fair value is determined by reference to closing 
bid prices on the ASX. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

15.  Subsidiaries 

Financial Year 2020   

Parent entity 
Astron Corporation Limited 

Subsidiaries of parent entity 
Astron Limited 
Astron Mineral Sands Pty Limited 
Astron Titanium (Yingkou) Co Ltd 
Carnegie Minerals (Gambia) Inc 
Carnegie Minerals (Gambia) Limited 
Camden Sands Inc 

Coast Resources Limited 
Dickson & Johnson Pty Limited 
Donald Mineral Sands Pty Ltd 
Sovereign Gold NL 
WIM 150 Pty Limited 
Astron Senegal Holding Pty Ltd 

Senegal Mineral Resources SA 
Senegal Mineral Sands Ltd 
Zirtanium Pty Limited 

(i)    Equity 

Percentage 
Owned 
Ordinary 
Shares 
2020 

Percentage 
Owned 
Ordinary 
Shares 
2019 

Country of 
incorporation 

Hong Kong 

Australia 
Australia 
China 
USA 
The Gambia 
USA 

Isle of Man 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Hong Kong 

Senegal 
Hong Kong 
Australia 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

100 
100 
100 

The proportion of ownership interest is equal to the proportion of voting power held. 

(ii)  Disposal/Acquisition of subsidiaries 

During the current and prior years, no subsidiaries were disposed or incorporated.   

No subsidiaries were acquired during the current and prior years. 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

100 
100 
100 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

16.  Property, Plant and Equipment 

Land 
At cost 
Total land 

Buildings   
At cost 
Less accumulated depreciation 
Net carrying value 

Capital works in progress 
At cost 
Less accumulated impairment losses 
Total capital works in progress 

Plant and equipment 
At cost 
Less accumulated depreciation   
Less accumulated impairment losses 
Net carrying value 

Total property, plant and equipment 

16.1  Assets pledged as security 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

5,162,151 
5,162,151 

4,338,027 
4,338,027 

10,252,018 
(2,908,313) 
7,343,705 

10,768,103 
(2,416,600) 
8,351,503 

4,270,613 
(1,970,628) 
2,299,985 

3,920,102 
(1,988,549) 
1,931,553 

17,347,239 
(3,761,533) 
(1,743,536) 
11,842,170 

16,140,544 
(2,781,808) 
(1,759,392) 
11,599,344 

26,648,011 

26,220,427 

As at 30 June 2020, property, plant and equipment with carrying value of $3,957,471 were pledged 
as security for short term loans (2019: $5,155,466). 

16.2  Capital works in progress 

Capital works in progress represent plant and equipment being assemble and/or constructed. They are 
not ready for use and not yet being depreciated.   

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

16.  Property, Plant and Equipment (continued) 

16.3  Movements in net carrying values 

Movement  in  the  carrying  amount  for  each  class  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  between  the 
beginning and the end of the current financial year. 

Year ended 30 June 2020 
Balance at 1 July 
Additions 
Depreciation 
Transfers # 
Foreign exchange movements 

Capital 
works in 
progress 
$ 

Land 
$ 

Buildings   

$ 

Plant and 
equipment 
$ 

Total 
$ 

1,931,553 
1,235,095 
- 
(850,462) 
(16,201) 

4,338,027 
824,124 
- 
- 
- 

8,351,503 
- 
(561,821) 
- 
(445,977) 

11,599,344  26,220,427 
2,123,233 
(1,559,710) 
- 
(135,939) 

64,014 
(997,889) 
850,462 
326,239 

Balance at 30 June   

2,299,985 

5,162,151 

7,343,705 

11,842,170  26,648,011 

Year ended 30 June 2019 
Balance at 1 July 
Additions 
Depreciation 
Transfers # 
Foreign exchange movements 

Balance at 30 June   

7,551,100 
4,219,195 
- 
(9,969,956) 
131,214 

4,247,755 
90,272 
- 
- 
- 

8,668,935 
- 
(430,454) 
- 
113,022 

2,128,559  22,596,349 
4,411,653 
(764,588) 
- 
(22,987) 

102,186 
(334,134) 
9,969,956 
(267,223) 

1,931,553 

4,338,027 

8,351,503 

11,599,344  26,220,427 

#  The Group allocated the development costs in relation to the Mineral separation plant in China 
to  capital  works  in  progress.  Once  the  Mineral  Separation  Plant  had  been  commissioned  the 
development expenditure was transferred from capital works in progress to plant and equipment. 

17.  Exploration and Evaluation Assets 

Evaluation costs 
Cost 
Accumulated impairment loss 
Net carrying value 

Exploration expenditure capitalised - DMS project 
Exploration and evaluation phases 
Net carrying value 

Water rights - DMS project   
Net carrying value 
Total exploration and evaluation assets 

Note 

17(b) 
17(b) 
17(b) 

17(a)(c) 

17(a)(d) 

17(f) 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

7,791,746 
(7,487,231) 
304,515 

7,794,515 
(7,487,231) 
307,284 

57,862,304 
57,862,304 

56,368,885 
56,368,885 

12,130,954 
70,297,773 

12,724,215 
69,400,384 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

17.  Exploration and Evaluation Assets (continued) 

(a)    Exploration and evaluation assets 

The  Group  has  presented  “Exploration  and  Evaluation  assets”  separately  on  the  face  of  the 
consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  since  the  last  year.  Previously  these  assets  were 
included as a sub-category under “Intangible Assets”.   

The  movements  represent  additions,  movements  in  foreign  exchange  and  amortisation.  Capital 
expenditure commitments are detailed in note 30.2.   

(b)    Evaluation costs and impairment losses   

TiO2 project     
Cost 
Less accumulated impairment losses 
Net carrying value 

Capitalised testing and design   
Cost   
Net carrying value 

Total   
Cost 
Less accumulated impairment losses 
Total evaluation costs   

(c)    Exploration and evaluation expenditure 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

7,487,231 
(7,487,231) 
- 

7,487,231 
(7,487,231) 
- 

304,515 
304,515 

307,284 
307,284 

7,791,746 
(7,487,231) 
304,515 

7,794,515 
(7,487,231) 
307,284 

This expenditure relates to the Group's investment in the Donald Mineral Sands Project.  As at 30 
June 2020, the Group has complied with the conditions of the granting of MIN5532, RL 2002 (formerly 
EL4433), RL2003 (formerly EL4432, and incorporating the former RL 2006) and EL5186, except for 
that minimum expenditure requirements on RL2002 was not met during the year, but the Directors 
are of the opinion that the chance that the license will be cancelled is remote. As such, the Directors 
believe  that  the  tenements  are  in  good  standing  with  the  Department  of  Economic  Development, 
Jobs, Transport and Resources (which has incorporated the responsibilities previously administered 
by  the  Department  of  Primary  Industries)  in  Victoria,  who  administers  the  Mineral  Resources 
Development Act 1990. 

During  the  year,  DMS  continued  to  develop  the  technical  aspects  of  the  fine  grain  materials 
separation and associated value add, refined the valuation model, achieved bulk sample approvals 
and licenses, reviewed logistics and handling opportunities and marketing of the Donald feedstock.   

The recoverability of the carrying amount of the exploration and evaluation assets is dependent upon 
the successful development and commercial exploitation or alternatively sale of the area of interest. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

17.  Exploration and Evaluation Assets (continued) 

(d)  Water rights 

In 2012, the Group acquired rights to the supply of water for the Donald project. The water rights are 
amortised over 25 years (subject to the extension of this term) in line with entitlements. 

In  July  2018,  a  “Deed  of  Variation”  was  signed  between  Grampians  Wimmera  Mallee  Water 
Corporation (“GWM Water”) and Donald Mineral Sands Pty Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the 
Company.    The variation provides for an extension of the term of the original agreement of up to 4 
years subject to terms and conditions. The amortisation period of the water rights have accordingly 
been extended by 4 years to a total period of 29 years to December 2040. 

(e)  Finite lives 

Intangible  assets,  other  than  goodwill  have  finite  useful  lives.  To  date  no  amortisation  has  been 
charged in respect of intangible assets due to the stage of development for each project. 

(f)  Movement in net carrying values 

Year ended 30 June 2020 

Balance at 1 July 2019 

Additions * 

Amortisation 

Foreign exchange movements 

Exploration 
and Evaluation 
Phase 
$ 

Evaluation 
costs 
$ 

Water rights 
$ 

Total 
$ 

56,368,885 

307,284 

12,724,215 

69,400,384 

1,493,419   

- 

  -   

- 

- 

- 

1,493,419 

(593,261) 

(593,261) 

(2,769) 

- 

(2,769) 

Balance at 30 June 2020 

57,862,304 

304,515 

12,130,954 

70,297,773 

Year ended 30 June 2019 

Balance at 1 July 2018 

Additions * 

Amortisation 

Foreign exchange movements 

Balance at 30 June 2019 

54,087,188 

302,036 

13,614,105 

68,003,329 

2,281,697   

- 

  - 

- 

- 

- 

2,281,697 

(889,890) 

(889,890) 

5,248 

- 

5,248 

56,368,885 

307,284 

12,724,215 

69,400,384 

*    Additions of exploration and evaluation phase during the year included the amortisation of water 

rights of $593,261 (2019: $889,890) which was capitalised during the year. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

18.   Development Costs 

Balance at 1 July   
Additions 
Foreign exchange movements 

Balance at 30 June 

2020 
$ 

7,804,124 
374,957 
26,544 

8,205,625 

2019 
$ 

6,590,766 
1,214,165 
(807) 
7,804,124 

The mining license of the Senegal project was granted in June 2017, the registered mining license was 
received in October 2017 and the environmental approval was obtained in August 2017. As a result of 
these developments, the directors considered the Senegal project had demonstrated it was technically 
feasible and commercially viable. Accordingly, under HKFRS 6 and the Group’s accounting policies, this 
project  and  the  costs  capitalised  to  date  should  no  longer  be  accounted  for  as  an  exploration  and 
evaluation asset, but rather as an asset in its own right. The costs associated with the Senegal project 
have therefore been classified as “Development costs” since the year ended 30 June 2018.   

19.  Right-Of-Use Assets/ Land Use Rights 

At 1 July as originally presented 
Adjustment on initial application of HKFRS 16 (note 2.22(i)(a)) 

At 1 July as restated 
Amortisation 
Foreign exchange movements 
Balance at 30 June 

2020 
$ 
- 

3,090,641 
3,090,641 
(81,915) 
(25,440) 
2,983,286 

2019 
$ 
3,116,708 

- 
3,116,708 
(79,211) 
53,144 
3,090,641 

During the year ended 30 June 2014, management entered into an agreement to transfer 1,065,384 sqm 
of land held in Yingkou province China to a state-owned entity, representing approximately 83% of the 
total land held by the Group in Yingkou province. As the under-development of this land resulted from a 
change of government development plan and restructure, this land transfer has been subsidised by the 
Chinese Government. Final contracts over the land sale were exchanged and the disposal was brought 
to account in the year ended 30 June 2015. The net proceeds amounting to $20,356,248 to be received 
in instalments. The remaining 17% of the land, representing 214,802m2 is shown as Land Use Rights up 
to 30 June 2019, and after the adoption of HKFRS 16 as of 1 July 2019 (refer note 2.22(i)(a)), as Right-
of-Use Asset. 

The land contract is unconditional, and payment is binding on the buyer, being the Yingkou Government. 
However,  payments  have  been  delayed.  During the  year  ended  30  June  2020,  there  were  receipts  of 
$1,483,981  with  a  balance  of  gross  receivable  at  30  June  2020  of  $1,495,660  (note  11.1)  of  which 
$399,175 was received in July 2020. While the receivable is currently outside the terms initially agreed, 
the Group is confident that the receivable will be received as the amount in due by a China stated-owned 
entity and partial payments have been received every year since the land was sold to this entity.   

 In  addition  to  the  land  referred  to  above,  the  Group  also  owns  a  nearby  piece  of  land  measuring 
approximately 18,302m2 located at Bayuquan District, Yingkou Province, China. Both pieces of land are 
held on long term leases with lease terms ranging from 48 to 54 years.   

As at 30 June 2020, right-of-use assets/land use rights with carrying value of $2,199,235 are pledged as 
security over short- term loans. (2019: $3,090,641). 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

20.  Trade and Other Payables 

Unsecured liabilities 
Trade payables 
Note payables 
Deposits received in advance 
Other payables 

(a)  Other payables   

Note 

20(a) 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

3,493,930 
2,299,386 
13,375 
7,318,762 
13,125,453 

3,324,256 
1,369,567 
10,381 
4,935,202 
9,639,406 

Included in other payables was a balance of $2,893,737 (2019: $2,539,571) in aggregate due to 2 
related companies as detailed in note 29.6. 

21.  Contract Liabilities 

Contract liabilities arising from: 

Advance deposit for future provision of goods 

(a)  Sale of goods 

Note 

21(a) 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

5,106,984 
5,106,984 

4,363,126 
4,363,126 

Included  in  the  balance  above  is  a  deposit  of  RMB20  million  was  received  in  connection  with  the 
Senegal  offtake  agreement  (the  “Agreement”)  with  Hainan Wensheng  High-tech  Minerals  Co.,  Ltd. 
(“Wensheng”).  Under  the  Agreement,  the  Group  is  required  to  ship  50,000  tons/year  of  Titanium 
Mineral Sands (“the mineral sands”) to Wensheng in the PRC for a three year period commencing May 
2018.  The  Agreement  makes  provision  for  penalties  payable  by  each  side  for  not  meeting  their 
obligations  by  applying  a  penalty  interest  of  24%  p.a.  against  the  RMB20  million  advance  deposit. 
Payment  to the  Group  under  the  Agreement is  based  on  the  actual  amount  of  zircon, ilmenite  and 
rutile, etc. contained in the mineral sands, which is only determined once the mineral sands is shipped 
and processed by Wensheng in the PRC. Delivery of the mineral sands have been fallen behind the 
schedule as a result of the deferral of commencement of operations of the Senegal project. The Group 
has  continued  to  engage  in  dialogue  with  Wensheng  but  cannot  currently  confirm  the  revised 
commencement of deliveries of product. The Group has accrued penalty interest of $2,040,171 (2019: 
$1,059,396) for the year ended 30 June 2020 (included in “other payables”) as per the Agreement for 
the late delivery of mineral sands to Wensheng. During the year RMB1 million was repaid against the 
initial deposit. As at 30 June 2020, the balance outstanding (excluding accrued interest) was equivalent 
to $3,908,307 (2019: $4,151,473). 
. 
The funds from Wenshang have allowed the Group to progress the Senegal project by enabling the 
Group to have the necessary funds to purchase various essential plant & equipment as well as have 
funds to prepare the site for essential infrastructure to commence mining operations.   

The remaining contract liabilities of $211,653 as of 30 June 2019, representing the amount received 
by the Group in advance in relation to the sale of mineral products, has been recognised as revenue 
during the year ended 30 June 2020. While the balance of $1,198,677 as of 30 June 2020 is expected 
to be recognised as revenue in the next 12 months.   

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

22.  Borrowings 

Current 
Other short-term borrowings 
Bank borrowings 
Advances from directors 

Note 

22(a) 
22(b) 
22(c) 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

1,709,329 
3,106,874 
6,101,468 
10,917,671 

934,310 
6,021,107 
177,729 
7,133,146 

(a)  Other short-term borrowings   

Other loan amounting to $1,090,492 is denominated in RMB and is interest bearing at 10% p.a 
and  secured  by  certain  right-of-use  assets/  land  use  rights  in  China  amounting  to  $1,609,727 
(2019:  $1,666,617)  (note  19). The remaining  amount  is  unsecured  and interest free.  The loans 
are repayable on or before 31 December 2020. 

(b)  Bank borrowings   

The  bank  loans  are  denominated  in  RMB,  interest  bearing  between  5.00%  to  7.50%  p.a.  and 
repayable on or before 30 June 2021 (2019: 4.35% to 7.00%).   

Those  loans  are  pledged  with  property,  plant  and  equipment  amounting  to  $3,957,471  (2019: 
$5,155,466)  (note  16)  and  certain  right-of-use  assets/  land  use  rights  amounting  to  $589,508 
(2019:  $1,424,024)  (note  19)  of  the  Group.  And  the  personal  guarantee  from  its  director  of 
$1,440,273. 

(c)  Advances from directors 

At  30  June  2020,  executive  director,  Mdm  Kang  Rong,  had  advanced  the  Group  $5,851,468 
(2019: $177,729) for working capital. The loan is provided interest free and repayable on demand. 

At 30 June 2020, executive director, Mr. Tiger Brown, had advanced the Group $250,000 (2019: 
$Nil) for working capital. The loan is provided interest free and repayable on demand. 

23.  Provisions 

Current 
Employee entitlements 

Non-current 
Relocation provision 

(a)   Provision for Relocation 

Note 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

116,901 

95,642 

(a) 

792,508 

786,256 

The provision for relocation represents the estimated costs to relocate and compensate landowners 
for the Senegal mineral sands project. 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

24.  Deferred Tax 

24.1  Liabilities 

Current tax liability 

Deferred tax liability arises from the following: 
-  Capitalised expenditure 
-  Tax loss   
-  Unrealised inventory   
-  Provisions and other timing differences 

2020 
$ 
- 

2019 
$ 
- 

8,341,000 
(532,899) 
(1,834,755) 
(32,148) 
5,941,198 

8,383,547 
(321,950) 
(2,861,553) 
29,567 
5,229,611 

24.2  Deferred tax assets not brought to account 

Deferred tax assets are not brought to account, as benefits will only be realised if the conditions for 
deductibility set out in note 2.5 occur. 

Tax losses: 
-  Revenue losses (China) 
-  Capital losses 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

1,167,983      1,176,525 
13,538,262  13,538,262 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

25.  Issued Capital 

122,479,784 (2019: 122,479,784) Fully Paid Ordinary Shares 

76,549,865  76,549,865 

25.1  Reconciliation of ordinary shares (number) 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

At 1 July   
At 30 June 

25.2  Ordinary shares 

2020 

2019 

122,479,784  122,479,784 
122,479,784  122,479,784 

Ordinary  shares  participate  in  dividends  and  the  proceeds  on  winding  up  of  the  parent  entity  in 
proportion to the number of shares held. 

At  the  shareholders  meetings,  each  ordinary  share  is  entitled  to  one  vote  when  a  poll  is  called; 
otherwise each shareholder has one vote on a show of hands. 

25.3  Capital risk management 

The  Group  considers  its  capital  to  comprise  its  ordinary  share  capital,  reserves,  accumulated 
retained earnings and net debt. 

In managing its capital, the Group’s primary objective is to ensure its continued ability to provide a 
consistent return for its equity shareholders through a combination of capital growth and dividends. 
In  order to  achieve this  objective,  the  Group  has made  decisions  to  adjust its  capital  structure  to 
achieve these aims, either through altering its dividend policy, new share issues, or share buy backs, 
the Group considers not only its short-term position but also its long term operational and strategic 
objectives. 

Net debt 
Total equity 

Net debt to equity ratio 

2019 
2020 
$ 
$ 
7,133,146 
10,917,671 
93,725,284  100,273,981 

11.65% 

7.11% 

There have been no significant changes to the Group’s capital management objectives, policies and 
processes in the year nor has there been any change in what the Group considers to be its capital. 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

25.  Issued Capital (continued) 

25.4  Share based payments 

As at 30 June 2020, there were no key executives that had any rights to acquire shares in terms of 
a  share-based  payment  scheme  for  employee  remuneration.  The  creation  and  grant  would  be 
subject to shareholder approval. 

A share based payment of $913,104 was recognised in 2017 after certain milestones with respect 
to the Senegal project were achieved by a project consultant. This represents a 3% equity interest 
in the project, calculated by reference to the Senegal project’s fair value and to be satisfied by the 
issue of shares in a Senegalese subsidiary.   

26.  Reserves 

26.1  Foreign currency translation reserve 

The  foreign  currency  translation  reserve  records  exchange  differences  arising  on  translation  of 
foreign  controlled  subsidiaries.  The  reserve  balance  at  30  June  2020  is  $13,344,047  (2019: 
$13,599,924). 

26.2  Share based payment reserve   

The share-based payment reserve records the amount of expense raised in terms of equity-settled 
share-based payment transactions. The reserve balance at 30 June 2020 is $913,104, which was 
recognised during the year ended 30 June 2017. 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

27.  Holding Company Statement of Financial Position 

ASSETS 

Current assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Non-current assets 

Investment in subsidiary 

Total non-current assets 

TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES 

Current liabilities 

Accruals and other payables 

Amount due to a subsidiary 

Total current liabilities 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

NET ASSETS 

EQUITY 

Issued capital 

Foreign currency translation reserve 

Retained earnings 

TOTAL EQUITY 

2 

Note 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

2,250 

2,250 

2,243 

2,243 

76,549,866 

76,549,866 

76,552,116 

76,549,866 

76,549,866 

76,552,109 

139,423 

714,443 

853,866 

853,866 

100,429 

471,282   

571,711 

571,711 

75,698,250 

75,980,398 

25 

76,549,865 

76,549,865 

(64,505) 

(787,110) 

(53,362) 

(516,105) 

75,698,250 

75,980,398 

read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 

Mdm Kang Rong   

Mr. Gerard King 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

28.  Dividends 

During the current and prior years, no dividend was proposed or paid. 

Franking account balance: 
Franking credits available for the subsequent financial years based on a 

tax rate of 27.5% (2019: 27.5%) 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

286,770 

286,770 

The above amount represents the balance on the franking account at the end of the financial year arising 
from income tax payable. 

29.  Related Party Transactions 

29.1  Parent entity 

Astron Corporation Limited is the parent entity of the Group. 

29.2  Subsidiaries 

Interests in subsidiaries are disclosed in note 15. 

29.3  Transactions with key management personnel 

Key  management  of  the  Group  are  the  executive  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors.  Key 
Management Personnel remuneration includes the following expenses: 

Short term employee benefits 
Salaries and fees 
Non-cash benefits 
Total short-term employee benefits 
Post-employment benefits 
Superannuation 
Total post-employment benefits 
Total Key Management Personnel remuneration 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

768,520 
9,672 
778,192 

20,531 
20,531 
798,723 

921,049 
9,270 
930,319 

31,956 
31,956 
962,275 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

29.  Related Party Transactions (continued) 

29.3  Transactions with key management personnel (continued) 

  Directors’ Emoluments 

Directors’ emoluments disclosed pursuant to Section 383 of the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance 
(Cap.622)  and  the  Companies  (Disclosure  of  Information  about  Benefits  of  Directors)  Regulation 
(Cap.622G) are as follows: 

Short term employee benefits 
Salaries and fees (note) 
Post-employment benefits 
Total directors’ emoluments 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

474,167 
- 
474,167 

609,589 
10,411 
620,000 

Note:   
The  amount  includes  management  fees  of  $250,000  payable  to  Juhua  International  Limited  and 
$104,167 to P T Arafua Mining Limited, for which the beneficial owners are Mdm Kang Rong and Mr 
Alex Brown respectively. 

29.4  Interest free loans 

All  subsidiary  companies  are  wholly  owned  with  any  interest  free  loans  being  eliminated  on 
consolidation. 

29.5  Management services provided 

Management  and  administrative  services  are  provided  at  no  cost  to  subsidiaries.  Astron  Limited 
predominantly  incurs  directors  fees,  management  and  administration  services  for  the  Group. 
Although these costs are applicable to Group as a whole, these costs are not reallocated/recharged 
to individual entities within the Group.   

29.6  Related party loans 

During  the  year  ended  30  June  2020  and  2019,  Executive  Director  Mdm  Kang  Rong  advanced 
Astron $5,851,468 and $177,729 respectively for working capital. The loans are provided interest 
free and repayable on demand. At 30 June 2020, no repayments have been made against these 
loans. 

During the year ended 30 June 2020, Executive Director Mr Tiger Brown advanced Astron $250,000 
for working capital. The loan is provided interest free and repayable on demand. At 30 June 2020 
no repayments have been made against this loans. 

As at 30 June 2020 there are unpaid Directors and management fees payable to Directors’ related 
entities as follows: 

-  Mdm Kang Rong, Juhua International Limited of $1,443,732 (2019: $1,193,732); and 
-  Mr Alex Brown, P T Arafua Mining Limited of $1,450,005 (2019: $1,345,839) 

The above liabilities have been subordinated and will not be called upon unless and until such time 
that the Company has available funds or is generating positive operating cash flows from operations. 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

30.  Commitments 

30.1  Operating lease commitments 

Non-cancellable operating leases contracted for but not capitalised in the financial statements 
$8,290 (2019: $45,264). 

30.2  Capital expenditure commitments 

Capital expenditure commitments contracted for: 
- Chinese capital projects 
- Senegal 
- DMS 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

237,665 
747,272 
55,000 
1,039,937 

1,490,524 
722,234 
817,953 
3,030,711 

30.3  Water rights 

In accordance with the terms of the contract with GWM Water, the usage fee in 2018 was $218,178 
per quarter for the remaining life of the water rights. GWM Water has agreed an extension of up to 
4 years subject to terms and conditions in accordance with the “Deed of Variation” as set out in note 
17(d). No usage fee was charged in 2020. 

30.4  Guarantees between subsidiaries 

Astron  Limited  has  provided  a  letter  of  support  to  the  Victorian  Department  of  Economic 
Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources to fund any expenditure incurred by Donald Mineral 
Sands Pty Limited. 

30.5  Other commitments and contingencies   

Land   

In  2008,  Astron  Titanium  (Yingkou)  Co  Ltd  holds  two  land  sites  acquired  from  the  Chinese 
Government. The Group is discussing possible changes to the usage rights with the Government. 
The Directors believe that no significant loss will be incurred by the Group in relation to the right-of-
use assets/land use rights. As at the 30 June 2020, the net book value of this land is $2,983,286 
(2019: $3,090,641). 

Minimum expenditure on exploration and mining licenses 

To  maintain  the  Exploration  and  Mining  License’s  at  Donald,  the  Group  is  required  to  spend 
$1,201,800 on exploration and development expenditure over the next year (2019: $556,800). The 
minimum expenditure amount per annum will normally increase over the life of an exploration license. 
The amount of this expenditure could be reduced should the Group decide to relinquish land.   

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

31.  Cash Flow Information 

31.1  Reconciliation of cash provided by operating activities with loss before income tax 

Loss before income tax expense   
Non-cash flows in loss from ordinary activities 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Reversal of provision for impairment on receivables 
Fair value loss on financial assets at fair value through profit or 

loss 

Decrease/(Increase) in trade and other receivables 
Increase in inventories 
Increase in trade and other payables and provisions 
Effects on foreign exchange rate movement 

2020 
$ 
(6,204,703) 

2019 
$ 
(2,271,912) 

1,641,625 
(469,657) 

843,431 
(411,395) 

5,044 
848,020   
(2,581,503) 
4,612,142   
796,727 
(1,352,305) 

23,794 
(1,301,375) 
(5,941,132) 
1,971,486 
361,786 
(6,725,317) 

31.2  Reconciliation of cash 

Cash at the end of the financial year as shown in the 
cash flow statement is reconciled to items in the 
consolidated statement of financial position as 
follows: 

Cash on hand 
Current & call account balances 

Note 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

10 
10 

41,798 
513,706 
555,504 

10,222 
1,677,327 
1,687,549 

31.3  Loan facilities 

 Details of the loan facilities of the Group at reporting dates are as follows:   

Available loan facilities 
Utilised loan facilities (note 22(b)) 
Unused loan facilities 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

4,526,572   
(3,106,874) 
1,419,698 

7,059,229 
(6,021,107) 
1,038,122 

As at 30 June 2020 and 2019, its loan facilities were secured by assets held by its China subsidiary. 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

31.  Cash Flow Information (continued) 

31.4  Non-cash financing activities 

No dividends were paid in cash or by the issue of shares under a dividend reinvestment plan during 
the current year and prior year. 

The table below details changes in the Group’s liabilities arising from financing activities. Liabilities 
arising from financing  activities  are  those  for  which  cash  flows  were  or  future  cash  flows  will  be, 
classified in the Group’s consolidated statement of cash flows from financing activities. 

At 1 July 2018 
Changes from cash flows: 
Proceeds from bank borrowings 
Loan expense paid 
Total changes from financing cash flows:   

Interest expense 
Exchange adjustments 
At 30 June 2019 and 1 July 2019 

Changes from cash flows: 

Partial settlement of offtake agreement 

Repayment of borrowings 

Proceeds from bank borrowings 

Loan expense paid 

Total changes from financing cash flows:   

Interest expense 

Exchange adjustments 

At 30 June 2020 

31.5  Acquisition of entities 

Borrowings 
(note 22) 
$ 

Contract 
liabilities - 
Wensheng 
(note 21(a)) 
$ 

76,080 

4,080,567 

6,797,319 
(178,134) 
6,619,185 

178,134 
259,747 
7,133,146 

- 
- 
- 

- 
70,906 
4,151,473 

- 

(205,753) 

(8,187,404) 

12,034,612   

(259,193) 

3,588,015 

- 

- 

- 

(205,753) 

259,193 

(62,683) 

- 

(37,413) 

10,917,671 

3,908,307 

During the current or last years, the Company did not invest any funds into its Chinese subsidiaries. 
During the current year, the Group did not acquire any new entities.   

31.6  Disposal of entities 

There were no disposals of entities in the current or prior financial years. 

31.7  Restrictions on cash 

Bank balances did not include any letter of credit deposits at 30 June 2020 (2019: Nil).  

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

32.  Employee Benefit Obligations 

As  at  30  June  2020  and  2019,  the  majority  of  employees  are  employed  in  China.  In  accordance  with 
normal business practice in China, employee benefits must be fully utilised annually. Chinese provisions 
for employee entitlements at year end would be insignificant. 

33.  Subsequent Events 

As at 30 June 2020, gross balance of $1,495,660 is due to the Group from the 2015 sale of surplus land 
in China. Subsequent to year end, $399,175 has been received against this receivable in July 2020. For 
further details, refer to note 19. 

Saved  as  disclosed  elsewhere  in  these  financial  statements,  no  other  matters  or  circumstances  have 
arisen  since  the  end  of  the  financial  year  which  significantly  affected  or  may  significantly  affect  the 
operations  of  the  Group,  the  results  of  those  operations  or  the  state  of  affairs  of  the  Group  in  future 
financial years. 

34.  Financial Risk Management 

34.1  General objectives, policies and processes 

In common with all other businesses, the Group is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial 
instruments. This note describes the Group’s objectives, policies and processes for managing those 
risks and the methods used to measure them. Further quantitative information in respect of these 
risks is presented throughout these financial statements. 

There have been no substantive changes in the Group’s exposure to financial instrument risks, its 
objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks or the methods used to measure them 
from previous periods unless otherwise stated in this note. The principal financial instruments from 
which financial instrument risk arises are cash at banks, term deposits greater than 90 days, trade 
and other receivables and payables and financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.   

The Board has overall responsibility for the determination of the Group’s risk management objectives 
and  policies.  The  Groups'  risk  management  policies  and  objectives  are  therefore  designed  to 
minimise the potential impacts of these risks on the results of the Group where such impacts may 
be  material.  The  Group  has  significant  experience  in  its  principal  markets  which  provides  the 
Directors  with  assurance  as  to  the  effectiveness  of  the  processes  put  in  place  and  the 
appropriateness  of  the  objectives  and  policies  it  sets.  The  Group  engages  a  number  of  external 
professionals to ensure compliance with best practice principles. 

The overall objective of the Board is to set polices that seek to reduce risk as far as possible without 
unduly affecting the Group’s competitiveness and flexibility. Further details regarding these policies 
are set out below: 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

34.  Financial Risk Management (continued) 

34.2  Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk that the other party to a financial instrument will fail to discharge their obligation 
resulting in the Group incurring a financial loss. This usually occurs when debtors or counterparties 
to derivative contracts fail to settle their obligations owing to the Group.   

In  respect  of  cash  investments,  around  half  of cash,  cash  equivalents  and  term  deposits  greater 
than  90  days  are  held  with  institutions  with  a  AA-  to  BA1  credit  rating.  As  set  out  in  note  10.2, 
insignificant amount of the Group’s cash  was held with a local PRC bank which did not have any 
credit rating. 

In  respect  of  trade  receivables,  there  is  concentration  of  credit  risk  as  14%  (2019:  61%)  of  the 
Group’s trade debtors is from 5 (2019: 4) customers. Group policy is that sales are only made to 
customers that are credit worthy. Trade receivables are predominantly situated in China. 

Other receivables include $1,495,660 (2019: $2,962,631) being the gross land sale receivable from 
the  Yingkou  Provincial  government.  The  directors  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  credit  risk  on  this 
receivable to be low for the reasons set out in note 19.   

Credit risk is managed on a Group basis and reviewed regularly by management and Audit & Risk 
Committee.  It  arises  from  exposures  to  customers  as  well  as  through  certain  derivative  financial 
instruments and deposits with financial institutions. 

Refer to note 10 for concentration of credit risk for cash and cash equivalents.   

The maximum exposure of the Group to credit risk at the end of the reporting period is as follows: 

Cash & cash equivalents 
Term deposits with maturity over 90 days 
Trade and other receivables - current and non-current 

Total 

2020 
$ 
555,504 
46,112 
4,590,830 
5,192,446 

2019 
$ 
1,687,549 
46,112 
6,722,263 
8,455,924 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

34.  Financial Risk Management (continued) 

34.2  Credit risk (continued) 

The Group measures  loss  allowances for trade  receivables  at  an  amount  equal to lifetime  ECLs, 
which is calculated using a provision matrix. As the Group’s historical credit loss experience does 
not indicate significantly different loss patterns for different customer segments, the loss allowance 
based on past due status is not further distinguished between the Group’s different customer bases. 

The  following  table  presents  the  gross  carrying  amount  and  the  lifetime  expected  credit  loss  in 
respect of individually assessed trade receivables as at 30 June 2020 and 2019: 

Gross carrying amount 
Lifetime expected credit loss 

Net carrying amount 

  2020   

$ 
113,460 
(113,460) 
- 

2019 
$ 
377,519 
(377,519) 
- 

The  following  table  presents  the  gross  carrying  amount  under  collective  measurement  (after 
individual assessed loss allowance) and the provision for impairment loss in respect of collectively 
assessed trade receivables as at 30 June 2020: 

Current (not past due) 

Expected 
loss rate   
% 

0.00% 

Gross 
carrying 
amount 
$ 

2,614,472 

2,614,472 

Loss 
allowance   
$ 

- 
- 

The  following  table  presents  the  gross  carrying  amount  under  collective  measurement  (after 
individual assessed loss allowance) and the provision for impairment loss in respect of collectively 
assessed trade receivables as at 30 June 2019: 

Current (not past due) 

Expected 
loss rate   
% 

Gross 
carrying 
amount 
$ 

Loss 
allowance   
$ 

0.00% 

3,583,539 

3,583,539 

- 

- 

Expected credit loss is close to zero as the trade receivables have no recent history of default, the 
impact of the expected loss from collectively assessed trade receivables to be immaterial. 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

34.  Financial Risk Management (continued) 

34.3  Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group may encounter difficulties raising funds to meet commitments 
associated with financial instruments, e.g. borrowing repayments. The Group manages liquidity risk 
by  monitoring forecast  cash  flows.  As  at  30  June  2020,  the  Group  had  cash  of  $555,504  (2019: 
$1,687,549). 

Maturity analysis 

Carrying 
Amount 
$ 

Contractual 
Cash flows 

$ 

Note 

< 6 months 
$ 

> 6 months 
$ 

Year ended 30 June 2020 
Non-derivatives 
Trade and note payables 
Other payables   
Borrowings 
Total non-interest bearing 

liabilities 

Borrowings 

Total interest bearing liabilities 
Total liabilities 

Year ended 30 June 2019 
Non-derivatives 
Trade and note payables 
Other payables   
Borrowings 
Total non-interest bearing 

liabilities 

Borrowings 
Total interest bearing liabilities 
Total liabilities 

20 
20 
22 

22 

20 
20 
22 

22 

5,793,316 
7,318,762 
6,720,305 

5,793,316 
7,318,762 
6,720,305 

5,566,987 
7,318,762 
6,720,305 

226,329 
- 
- 

19,832,383  19,832,383  19,606,054 

226,329 

4,197,366 
4,197,366 

2,758,671 
4,197,366 
2,758,671 
4,197,366 
24,029,749  24,029,749  22,364,725 

1,438,695 
1,438,695 
1,665,024 

4,693,823 
4,935,202 
177,729 

4,693,823 
4,935,202 
177,729 

4,693,823 
4,935,202 
177,729 

9,806,754 

9,806,754 

9,806,754 

6,955,417 
6,955,417 

6,955,417 
6,955,417 
6,955,417 
6,955,417 
16,762,171  16,762,171  16,762,171 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

34.  Financial Risk Management (continued) 

34.4  Fair value 

The fair values of listed investments have been valued at the quoted market price at the end of the 
reporting period. Other assets and other liabilities approximate their carrying value. 

At 30 June 2020 and 2019, the aggregate fair values and carrying amounts of financial assets and 
financial liabilities approximate their carrying amounts. 

Financial  assets  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  are  recognised  in  the  statement  of  financial 
position of the Group according to the hierarchy stipulated in HKFRS 7. 

Financial assets at fair value 

through profit or loss   

ASX Listed equity shares - Level 1   

The Group does not have any Level 2 or 3 financial assets. 

34.5  Price risk 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

20,322 
20,322 

25,366 
25,366 

Given that price movements are not considered material to the Group, the Group does not have a 
risk management policy for price risk. However, the Group's management regularly review the risks 
associated with fluctuating input and output prices.     

As at 30 June 2020, the maximum exposure of price risk to the Group was the financial assets at 
fair value through profit or loss for $20,322 (2019: $25,366). 100% of the Group’s holding is in the 
mining or energy sector. 

The Group’s exposure to equity price risk is as follows: 

Carrying amount of listed equity shares on ASX 

2020 
$ 

20,322 
20,322 

2019 
$ 

25,366 
25,366 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

34.  Financial Risk Management (continued) 

34.5  Price risk (continued) 

Sensitivity Analysis 

2020 
$ 

2019 
$ 

Increase/(Decrease) in 
share price 

Increase/(Decrease) in 
share price 

+10% 

-10% 

+10% 

-10% 

Listed equity shares on ASX 
Profit before tax – increase/(decrease) 

2,032 

(2,032) 

2,537 

(2,537) 

The above analysis assumes all other variables remain constant. 

34.6  Interest rate risk 

The Group manages its interest rate risk by monitoring available interest rates and maintaining an 
overriding position of security whereby around half the Group’s cash and cash equivalents and term 
deposits are held with institutions with a AA- to BA1 credit rating while the other half is held with an 
unrated bank in PRC. 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$

9
1
0
2

$

0
2
0
2

$

9
1
0
2

$

0
2
0
2

l

a
t
o
T

g
n
i
r
a
e
B

t
s
e
r
e
t
n
i
-
n
o
N

2
1
1

,

6
4

2
1
1

,

6
4

-

-

9
4
5
7
8
6

,

,

1

4
0
5

,

5
5
5

2
2
2

,

0
1

8
9
7

,

1
4

3
6
2
2
2
7

,

,

6

0
3
8
0
9
5

,

,

4

3
6
2
2
2
7

,

,

6

0
3
8
0
9
5

,

,

4

6
6
3

,

5
2

2
2
3

,

0
2

6
6
3

,

5
2

2
2
3

,

0
2

$

9
1
0
2

5
1
5
,
4
8

2
1
1
,
6
4

-

-

$

-

0
2
0
2

2
1
1
,
6
4

-

-

e
t
a
R

t
s
e
r
e
t
n

I

d
e
x
i
F

r
a
e
Y
1
n
h
t
i

i

w
g
n
i
r
u
t
a
M

-

-

-

-

-

-

9
7

5
2
0
9
2
6

,

,

9

6
4
1
3
3
1

,

,

7

8
7
0
2
1
1

,

,

3
1

1
7
6
7
1
9

,

,

0
1

5
2
0
9
2
6

,

,

9

8
7
0
2
1
1

,

,

3
1

-

-

9
2
7

,

7
7
1

5
0
3
0
2
7

,

,

6

7
1
4
,
5
5
9
,
6

6
6
3
,
7
9
1
,
4

1
7
1
2
6
7

,

,

6
1

9
4
7
9
2
0

,

,

4
2

4
5
7
6
0
8

,

,

9

3
8
3
2
3
8

,

,

9
1

7
1
4
,
5
5
9
,
6

6
6
3
,
7
9
1
,
4

-

-

-

-

-

-

0
9
2
1
8
4

,

,

8

8
6
7
2
1
2

,

,

5

1
5
8
7
5
7

,

,

6

0
5
9
2
5
6

,

,

4

7
2
6
,
0
3
1

2
1
1
,
6
4

2
1
8
,
2
9
5
,
1

6
0
7
,
3
1
5

e
t
a
R

t
s
e
r
e
t
n

I

g
n
i
t
a
o
F

l

e
t
a
R

$

9
1
0
2

$

0
2
0
2

%

9
1
0
2

%

0
2
0
2

d
e
t
h
g
i
e
W

e
g
a
r
e
v
A

t
s
e
r
e
t
n

I
e
v
i
t
c
e
f
f

E

2
1
8
,
2
9
5
,
1

6
0
7
,
3
1
5

%
0
9
.
0

%
0
9
.
0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

%
0
9
.
0

%
0
9
.
0

r
e
t
a
e
r
g
s
t
i
s
o
p
e
d
m
r
e
T

s
y
a
d
0
9
n
a
h
t

r
e
h
t
o
d
n
a
e
d
a
r
T

l

s
t
n
e
a
v
u
q
e

i

l

s
e
b
a
v
e
c
e
r

i

r
i
a
f

t
a
s
t
e
s
s
a

l

i

a
c
n
a
n
F

i

r
o
t
i
f
o
r
p
h
g
u
o
r
h
t

e
u
a
v

l

s
s
o

l

l

s
e
b
a
y
a
p

r
e
h
t
o
d
n
a
e
d
a
r
T

:
s
e
i
t
i
l
i

b
a
i
L

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

s
t
e
s
s
A

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

l
a
t
o
T

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

l
a
t
o
T

s
e
i
t
i
l
i

b
a
i
L

i

s
g
n
w
o
r
r
o
B

:
s
t
e
s
s
A

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

h
s
a
c
d
n
a

h
s
a
C

:

l

w
o
e
b
s
e
b
a
t
e
h
t
n

l

i

t
u
o

t
e
s

s

i

s
d
o
i
r
e
p

y
t
i
r
u
t
a
m
y
b
e
a
r

t

t
s
e
r
e
n

t

i

t

e
g
a
r
e
v
a
d
e
h
g
e
w
e
v
i
t
c
e

i

f
f

e

e
h

t

d
n
a

k
s
i
r
e
a
r

t

t
s
e
r
e
t
n

i

o
t
e
r
u
s
o
p
x
e

'

s
p
u
o
r
G
e
h
T

)
d
e
u
n
i
t
n
o
c
(

t
n
e
m
e
g
a
n
a
M
k
s
i
R

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F

i

.
4
3

)
d
e
u
n
i
t
n
o
c
(

k
s
i
r
e
t
a
r

t
s
e
r
e
t
n

I

6
.
4
3

0
2
0
2

e
n
u
J
0
3
d
e
d
n
E
r
a
e
Y
e
h
T
r
o
F

d
e
t
i

i

m
L
n
o
i
t
a
r
o
p
r
o
C
n
o
r
t
s
A

3
5
5
4
2
9
4
5
1
N
B
R
A

s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
S

i

l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F
d
e
t
a
d

i
l

o
s
n
o
C
e
h
t
o
t
s
e
t
o
N

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   
ARBN 154 924 553 

Notes to the Financial Statements 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

34.  Financial Risk Management (continued) 

34.6  Interest rate risk (continued) 

Sensitivity analysis 

The following table shows the movements in profit due to higher/lower interest costs from variable 
interest rate financial instruments in Australia and China. 

Cash at bank 

Term deposits greater than 90-days 

Borrowings 

Tax charge of 27.5% 

Total 

34.7  Foreign currency risk 

+ 1% (100 basis points) 

-1% (100 basis points) 

2020 
$ 
5,137 
461 
(41,974) 
(36,376) 
10,003 
(26,373) 

2019 
$ 
16,773 
461 
(69,554) 
(52,320) 
14,388 
(37,932) 

2020 
$ 
(5,137) 
(461) 
41,974 
36,376 
(10,003) 
26,373 

2019 
$ 
(16,773) 
(461) 
69,554 
52,320 
(14,388) 
37,932 

The  Group  is  exposed  to fluctuations  in foreign  currencies  arising from  the  sale  and  purchase  of 
goods  and  services  in  currencies  other  than  the  Group's  measurement  currency.  The  Group 
manages this risk through the offset of trade receivables and payables where the majority of trading 
is undertaken in either the USD or RMB. Current trading terms ensure that foreign currency risk is 
reduced by sales terms being cash on delivery where possible.   

35.   Impact on COVID-19 

The World Health Organisation declared coronavirus and COVID-19 a global health emergency on 30 
January 2020. Since then, the Group has experienced some disruption to its operations in respects of 
the interruptions to production due to government lockdowns. This has caused the Group to have minimal 
production activities carried out from January to March 2020.   

The  outbreak  of  COVID-19  in  various  countries  in  the  world,  the  exacerbation,  continuance  or 
reoccurrence of COVID-19 may continue to cause an adverse and prolonged impact on the economy and 
social conditions in these regions, and may adversely affect the Group’s operations and financial position. 
During the subsequent period and up to the report date, the Group was not aware of material adverse 
effects on the financial performance and position as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Group will 
pay  close  attention  to the  development  of the  COVID-19  pandemic,  perform further  assessment  of  its 
impact and take relevant measures. 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited   

Declaration by Directors 

For The Year Ended 30 June 2020 

The Directors of the company declare that: 

1.  The financial statements, comprising the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other 

comprehensive income, consolidated statement of financial position, consolidated statement of cash 
flows, consolidated statement of changes in equity, accompanying notes, are in accordance with Hong 
Kong Financial Reporting Standards and give a true and fair view of the consolidated entity’s financial 
position as at 30 June 2020 and of its performance for the year ended on that date. 

2. 

In the Directors’ opinion, there are reasonable grounds to believe that the company will be able to pay 
its debts as and when they become due and payable.   

This declaration is made in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors and is signed for and on 
behalf of the Directors by: 

Mdm Kang Rong 

Director                           

30 September 2020 

Mr Gerard King 

Director 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited 

Investor Information 

Investor Information   
2020/2020 Financial Calendar (on or before)   

Release of quarterly report 

2020 Annual general meeting 

Release of quarterly report 

Release of half year report 

Release of quarterly report 

Release of Appendix 4E 

31 October 2020 

30 November 2020 

30 January 2021 

27 February 2021 

30 April 2021 

28 August 2021 

Additional information required by the Australian Securities Exchange Ltd and not shown elsewhere in this 
report is as follows. 

The information is current as at 7 September 2020. 

Shareholders’ interests 

(a) Distribution of equity securities 

The number of shareholders by size of holding in each class of share are: 

Range of Units Snapshot   

1 - 1,000 

1,001 - 5,000 

5,001 - 10,000 

10,001 - 100,000 

100,001 - 9,999,999,999 

Total holders 
119 

99 

38 

95 

38 

Units 
53,589 

293,102 

294,358 

3,505,841 

118,329,888 

% of 
Issued Capital 
0.04 

0.24 

0.24 

2.86 

96.62 

Total 

Non CDI holders 
1-1,000 
1,001-5,000 
Total 

Unmarketable Parcels 

389 

122,476,778 

100.00 

4 
1 

5 

306 
2,700   

3,006 

Minimum $ 500.00 parcel at $0.21 per unit 

Minimum 
parcel size 
2,381 

Holders 
153 

Units 
113,177 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited 

Investor Information - continued 

(b) Twenty largest CDI holders 

The twenty largest CDI holders are as follows: 

Rank  Name 

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 

6. 

7. 
8. 

9. 

10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 

KOBE Investments Ltd 
FSC Investment Holdings Ltd 
Juhua International Limited 
Mr Guodong Gong 
Mr Donald Alexander Black 
Mr Darrell Vaughan Manton + Mrs Veronica Josephine Manton  
Mr Milton Yannis 
HSBC Custody Nominees (Australia) Limited 

Mr Adrian Robert Nijman + Mrs Jenny Ann Nijman 

Capel Court Corporation Pty Limited  
Mr Robert Brydon Rudd 
Cognition Australia Pty Ltd  
Elliott Nominees Pty Ltd  
Bresrim Nominees Pty Ltd  
Navigator Australia Ltd  
DFC Management Pty Ltd  
Dosmiv Pty Ltd 
Clydebank Investments Pty Ltd  
Pharraway Pty Ltd 
Mr Malcolm Campbell 

Totals: Top 20 holders of CDI 

Total Remaining Holders Balance 

Total CDIs 

Total non-CDI holders 

Total shares on issue 

  (c) Voting rights 

Units 

94,165,972 
7,437,092 
4,000,000 
1,901,000 
1,364,053 

933,364 

762,018 
734,166 

680,800 

627,102 
566,088 
381,468 
346,400 
328,342 
313,304 
300,000 
232,578 
230,000 
210,638 
204,400 

% of Total 
CDIs 
76.88 
6.07 
3.27 
1.55 
1.11 

0.76 

0.62 
0.60 

0.56 

0.51 
0.46 
0.31 
0.28 
0.27 
0.26 
0.24 
0.19 
0.19 
0.17 
0.17 

115,718,785 

6,757,993 

94.47 

5.53 

122,476,778 

100.00 

3,006 

122,479,784 

All ordinary shares (whether fully paid or not) carry one vote per share without restriction. 

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited 

Investor Information - continued 

(d) Schedule of interests in mining tenements 

Location 

Victoria Australia 

Victoria Australia 

Victoria Australia 

Victoria Australia 

Tenement 

Percentage held 

RL 2002 

RL 2003 

MIN5532 

EL5186 

100 

100 

100 

100 

Information policy 
It is the policy of the Company to conform with the highest reporting and information standards to its 

shareholders. Company spokespeople are available and pleased to respond to queries from financial 

community, investors and shareholders. 

During the year, the Group held one shareholder information session meeting and at the meeting active 

discussions took place and questions were answered. 

All these initiatives will continue to be improved and expanded in the coming year with the objective of 

providing the fullest and most detailed information to shareholders consistent with the Company’s objectives. 

Information on the group and presentations to analysts can be obtained from the Company’s Website 

www.astronlimited.com. 

To assist and improve service to shareholders related to the administration of the fully registered shares 

shareholders can contact our share registry service. 

Shareholders can also contact the Company directly by telephone in Australia +61 3 5385 7088   

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited 

Investor Information - continued 

Salient Financials 

2020   

2019   

2018   

2017 

2016 

2015 

2014 

2013 

2012 

Share price* ($) 

0.17   

0.20   

0.20   

0.16   

0.17   

0.15   

0.32   

0.71   

1.30   

EPS ( c ) 
Price earnings Ratio 
Interest Cover 

(5.14) 
n/a 
n/a 

(1.56) 
n/a 
n/a 

(3.81) 
n/a 
n/a 

(2.12) 
n/a 
n/a 

(3.60) 
n/a 
n/a 

6.52   
n/a 
n/a 

(6.19) 
n/a 
n/a 

(4.46) 
n/a 
n/a 

(0.80) 
n/a 
n/a 

Nos of Shares on issue (m)* 

122.5   

122.5   

122.5   

122.5   

122.5   

122.5   

122.5   

122.5   

122.5   

Profit and Loss ($m) 

Sales and other revenue 

8.8   

8.2   

5.4   

2.6   

1.1   

13.9   

5.1   

13.0   

21.0   

Costs   

EBITDA 

(11.7) 

(8.4) 

(8.5) 

(6.0) 

(5.4) 

(8.3) 

(10.9) 

(17.8) 

(20.4) 

(2.9) 

(0.2) 

(3.1) 

(3.4) 

(4.3) 

5.6   

(5.8) 

(4.8) 

0.6   

Depreciation & Amortisation 

(1.6) 

(0.8) 

(0.7) 

(0.6) 

(0.7) 

(0.7) 

(0.5) 

(0.6) 

(0.5) 

EBITDA 

(4.5) 

(1.0) 

(3.8) 

(4.0) 

(5.0) 

4.9   

(6.3) 

(5.4) 

0.1   

Borrowing Costs 

(1.7) 

(1.3) 

(0.1) 

-       

-       

-       

-       

(0.1) 

-       

NPBT 

(6.2) 

(2.3) 

(3.9) 

(4.0) 

(5.0) 

Income tax expenses 

(0.1)   

0.4   

(0.8) 

1.4   

0.6   

4.9   

3.1   

(6.3) 

(5.5) 

0.1   

(1.3) 

(0.0) 

(1.1) 

NPAT 

Balance Sheet ($m) 

Cash & Term deposits 

Receivables 

Inventories 

Other financial Assets 

Current Tax Assets 
Assets classified as available for 
sale 

(6.3) 

(1.9) 

(4.7) 

(2.6) 

(4.4) 

8.0   

(7.6) 

(5.5) 

(1.0) 

0.6   

11.1   

9.9   

-       

-       

-       

1.7   

9.8   

7.3   

-       

-       

-       

3.3   

8.4   

1.4   

-       

-       

-       

1.4   

6.1   

1.9   

0.2   

-       

-       

5.2   

5.9   

10.1   

108.1   

121.2   

14.1   

17.4   

0.7   

0.5   

0.5   

0.8   

0.9   

1.2   

-       

-       

1.6   

0.4   

1.2   

0.6   

6.7   

5.0   

2.2   

1.0   

0.3   

-       

4.2   

5.1   

1.9   

-       

-       

Total Current Assets 

21.6   

18.8   

13.1   

9.6   

21.0   

26.2   

20.6   

116.6   

132.4   

Property, Plant & Equipment 

26.6   

26.2   

22.6   

20.0   

21.0   

22.4   

20.9   

21.1   

16.7   

Receivables 

-   

2.1   

3.4   

6.4   

-       

3.9   

-       

-       

-       

Intangible assets 

70.3   

69.4   

68.0   

73.6   

69.1   

64.9   

61.2   

56.2   

48.6   

Development costs 

Land use rights 

8.2   

3.0   

7.8   

3.1   

6.6   

3.1   

3.0   

3.3   

Deferred Tax Assets 

-       

-       

-       

-       

-       

3.5   

0.0   

2.9   

0.0   

10.0   

8.7   

-       

-       

Total Non-Current Assets 

108.1   

108.6   

103.7   

103.0   

93.4   

94.7   

85.0   

87.3   

74.0   

TOTAL ASSETS 

129.7   

127.4   

116.8   

112.6   

114.4   

120.9   

105.6   

203.9   

206.4   

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                   
                   
                   
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                     
                         
                     
                     
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                   
                   
                   
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                         
                       
                       
                         
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                         
                       
                       
                         
                       
                       
                       
                             
                             
                             
                             
                       
                             
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                         
                       
                       
                         
                         
                         
                       
                         
                         
                         
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                         
                       
                       
                       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                     
                 
                 
                         
                         
                         
                         
                     
                     
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                             
                             
                             
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                             
                             
                             
                             
                         
                         
                         
                         
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                         
                             
                             
                     
                     
                     
                         
                     
                     
                     
                 
                 
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                         
                         
                         
                         
                             
                         
                             
                             
                             
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                         
                         
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                     
                         
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                         
                         
                             
                             
                 
                 
                 
                 
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited 

Investor Information - continued 

Payables 

13.3   

9.6   

11.7   

5.4   

3.6   

2.3   

2.5   

1.9   

2.2   

Contract liabilities 

5.1   

4.4   

-       

-       

Borrowings 

Tax Liabilities 

10.9   

7.1   

0.1   

0.1   

-       

-       

-       

-       

Total Current Liabilities 

29.3   

21.1   

11.8   

Deferred Tax 

Long term provisions 

Total Non-Current Liabilities 

5.9   

0.8   

6.7   

5.2   

0.8   

6.0   

5.2   

5.2   

5.5   

4.4   

-       

-       

-       

3.6   

5.1   

-       

1.0   

-       

3.3   

5.2   

-       

-       

-       

2.5   

6.3   

-       

-       

0.3   

-       

2.2   

5.0   

0.2   

0.1   

2.5   

5.0   

-       

-       

-       

-       

-       

-       

-       

36.0   

27.1   

17.0   

4.4   

9.9   

5.1   

8.7   

5.2   

8.5   

6.3   

8.8   

5.0   

7.3   

5.0   

7.5   

93.7   

100.3   

99.8   

102.7   

105.7   

112.4   

96.8   

196.6   

198.9   

Total liabilities 

NET ASSETS 

Cash Flows ($m) 

Operating Activities 

(2.0) 

(6.9) 

(3.3) 

(3.2) 

(2.5) 

(3.7) 

(0.8) 

(3.3) 

3.2   

* After 2:1 share swap and return of capital in 2015 

91 

 
 
 
                         
                         
                     
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                         
                         
                         
                         
                             
                         
                             
                         
                         
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                         
                     
                     
                     
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                             
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                     
                     
                     
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                 
                 
                     
                 
                 
                 
                     
                 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                         
 
 
 
 
Astron Corporation Limited 

Directors 
Mr Gerard King (Chairman) 
Mdm Kang Rong (Managing Director) 
Mr Tiger Brown (Executive Director) 

Company Secretary and Registered Office 
Boardroom Corporate Services (HK) Limited 
31/F., 148 Electric Road 
North Point, Hong Kong 

Australian Corporate Office 
73 Main Street, Minyip, VIC 3392 
Telephone: 61 3 5385 7088 
Fax: 61 3 5385 7050 

China Business Office 
c/ Yingkou Astron Mineral Resources Co Ltd 
Room 5612, Building No. 5, Hua Fu Tian Di, 
No. 128, Ha’erbin Road, Shenhe District, 
Shenyang, China 
Zip code: 110013 
Tel./ Fax: 86 24 22595960 

Bankers 
Commonwealth Bank of Australia 
48 Martin Place 
Sydney NSW 2000, Australia 

Share Registrar 
Computershare Investor Services Limited 
Level 3, 60 Carrington Street 
Sydney NSW 2001, Australia 

Computershare Hong Kong Investor Services Limited 
Hopewell Centre, 46th floor 
183 Queen’s Road East 
Wan Chai, Hong Kong 

Auditor 
BDO Limited 
25th Floor, Wing On Centre 
111 Connaught Road Central 
Hong Kong 

Internet Address 
www.astronlimited.com 

92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Corporate 
Governance 
Statement

121

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Corporate Governance Statement

The Board of Astron is responsible for the 
corporate governance of the Group. The Board 
guides and monitors the business and affairs 
of Astron on behalf of the shareholders by 
whom they are elected and to whom they are 
accountable. This statement reports on Astron’s 
key governance principles and practices.

COMPLIANCE WITH
BEST PRACTICE 
RECOMMENDATIONS

The Company, as a listed entity, must comply with 
the Corporations Act 2001 (so far as it applies to 
foreign registered companies) and the Australian 
Securities Exchange (ASX) Listing Rules. The ASX 
Listing Rules require the Company to report on 
the extent to which it has followed the Corporate 
Governance Principles and Recommendations 
published by the ASX Corporate Governance 
Council. Where a recommendation has not been 
followed, that fact is disclosed, together with the 
reasons for the departure.
The table below summaries the Company’s 
compliance with the Corporate Governance 
Council’s Principles and Recommendations:

122

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Principles

Principle #  ASX Corporate Governance Council Recommendations

Reference 

Comply

Principle 1 

Lay Solid Foundations for Management and Oversight

1.1

A listed entity should disclose 

2.1

Yes

(a) 

(b) 

the respective roles and responsibilities of its board  
and management; and

those matters expressly reserved to the board and  
those delegated to management.

1.2 

A listed entity should   

 2.2/3.2  

Yes

(a) 

(b) 

undertake appropriate checks before appointing a  
person, or putting forward to security holders a  
candidate for election, as a director; and

provide security holders with all material information  
in its possession relevant to a decision on whether or  
not to elect or re-elect a director.

1.3

1.4

A listed entity should have a written agreement with each 
director and senior executive setting out the terms of their  
appointment.

3.2

No

The company secretary of a listed entity should be   
accountable directly to the board, through the chair, on all  
matters to do with the proper functioning of the board.

2.6

Yes

1.5

A listed entity should   

6.3

Yes

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

have a diversity policy which includes requirements  
for the board or a relevant committee of the board  
to set measurable objectives for achieving gender 
diversity and to assess annually both the objectives
and the entity’s progress in achieving them;

disclose that policy or a summary of it; and 

disclose as at the end of each reporting period the 
measurable objectives for achieving gender diversity
set by the board or a relevant committee of the board  
in accordance with the entity’s diversity policy and its  
progress towards achieving them, and either.

(1) 

the respective proportions of men and women  
on the board, in senior executive positions and  
across the whole organisation (including how  

 the entity has defined “senior executive” for 

these purposes); or

123

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Principles

(2) 

if the entity is a “relevant employer” under the  
Workplace Gender Equality Act, the entity’s most  

 recent “Gender Equality Indicators”, as defined 
in and published under that Act.

1.6 

A listed entity should   

 2.8/3.2  

Yes 

(a) 

(b) 

have and disclose a process for periodically evaluating  
the performance of the board, its committees and  
individual directors; and

disclose, in relation to each reporting period, whether  
a performance evaluation was undertaken in the  
reporting period in accordance with that process.

1.7

A listed entity should   

3.2

Yes

(a) 

(b) 

have and disclose a process for periodically evaluating  
the performance of its senior executives; and

Remuneration 
Report

disclose, in relation to each reporting period, whether  
a performance evaluation was undertaken in the  
reporting period in accordance with that process.

Principle #  ASX Corporate Governance Council Recommendations

Reference 

Comply

Principle 2   Structure the Board to add value 

2.1

The board of a listed entity should 

(a) 

have a nomination committee which

3.2

No

(1) 

(2) 

has at least three members, a majority of  
whom are independent directors; and

is chaired by an independent director, and  
disclose:
• 

 the charter of the committee;

•  

•  

the members of the committee; and

as at the end of each reporting period, the number of times the 
committee met throughout the period and the individual 
attendances of the members at those meetings; or

124

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

(b) 

if it does not have a nomination committee, disclose that fact and the processes 
it employs to address board succession issues and to ensure that the board has 
the appropriate balance of skills, knowledge, experience, independence and 
diversity to enable it to discharge its duties and responsibilities effectively. 

2.2 

A listed entity should have and disclose a board skills  
matrix setting out the mix of skills and diversity that
the board currently has or is looking to achieve in its  
membership.

2.2/2.3  

Yes 

2.3 

A listed entity should disclose 

 2.3/2.5  

Yes

(a) 

(b) 

the names of the directors considered by the  
board to be independent directors;

if a director has an interest, position, association  
or relationship of the type described in Box 2.3  
(which appears on page 16 of the ASX
Recommendations and is entitled “Factors
relevant to assessing the independence of a  
director”) but the board is of the opinion that it  
does not compromise the independence of the  
director, the nature of the interest, position,  
association or relationship in question and an  
explanation of why the board is of that opinion; 
and

(c) 

the length of service of each director.

2.4

2.5 

A majority of the board of a listed entity should be   
independent directors.

2.5

No

The chair of the board of a listed entity should be an  
independent director and, in particular, should not be the  
same person as the CEO of the entity.

2.3/2.4/2.5 

Yes

125

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Principles

2.6

A listed entity should have a program for inducting new 
directors and provide appropriate professional development  
opportunities for directors to develop and maintain the skills  
and knowledge needed to perform their role as directors  
effectively.

3.2

Yes

Principle #  ASX Corporate Governance Council Recommendations

Reference 

Comply

Principle 3  Act Ethically and Responsibly

3.1

A listed entity should   

6.1

Yes

(a) 

have a code of conduct for its directors, senior  
executives and employees; and

(b) 

disclose that code or a summary of it.

Principle #  ASX Corporate Governance Council Recommendations

Reference 

Comply

Principle 4 

Safeguard Integrity in Corporate Reporting

4.1

The board of a listed entity should 

3.1

No

(a) 

have an audit committee which

(1) 

(2) 

has at least three members, all of whom  
are non-executive directors and a majority  
of whom are independent directors; and

is chaired by an independent director, who  
is not the chair of the board, and disclose:

(3) 

the charter of the committee;

 (4) 

the relevant qualifications and experience 

of the members of the committee; and

(5) 

in relation to each reporting period, the  
number of times the committee met
throughout the period and the individual  
attendances of the members at those
meetings; or

(b) 

if it does not have an audit committee,  
disclose that fact and the processes it  
employs that independently verify and 

126

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

safeguard the integrity of its corporate  
reporting, including the processes for  
the appointment and removal of the  
external auditor and the rotation of the  
audit engagement partner.

The board of a listed entity should, before it approves the 
entity’s financial statements for a financial period, receive 
from its CEO and CFO a declaration that, in their opinion,  
the financial records of the entity have been properly 
maintained and that the financial statements comply with 
the appropriate accounting standards and give a true and  
fair view of the financial position and performance of the 
entity and that the opinion has been formed on the basis  
of a sound system of risk management and internal control  
which is operating effectively.

5.3

No

A listed entity that has an AGM should ensure that its external  
auditor attends its AGM and is available to answer questions
from security holders relevant to the audit.

4.1

No

4.2

4.3

Principle #  ASX Corporate Governance Council Recommendations

Reference 

Comply

Principle 5  Make Timely and Balanced Disclosure

5.1

A listed entity should   

4.2

Yes

(a) 

have a written policy for complying with its continuous  
disclosure obligations under the Listing Rules; and

(b) 

disclose that policy or a summary of it.

127

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Principles

Principle #  ASX Corporate Governance Council Recommendations

Reference 

Comply

Principle 6  Respect the Rights of Security Holders

6.1 

6.2 

6.3 

6.4 

A listed entity should provide information about itself and   
its governance to investors via its website. 

A listed entity should design and implement an investor 
relations program to facilitate effective two-way  
communication with investors.

A listed entity should disclose the policies and processes    
it has in place to facilitate and encourage participation at
meetings of security holders.

A listed entity should give security holders the option to  
receive communications from, and send communications  
to, the entity and its security registry electronically.

4.1/4.2  

Yes

4.1/4.2  

Yes 

4.1/4.2  

Yes

4.1/4.2  

Yes

Principle #  ASX Corporate Governance Council Recommendations

Reference 

Comply

Principle 7  Recognise and Manage Risk

7.1

The board of a listed entity should 

3.1

No

(a) 

have a committee or committees to oversee risk,  
each of which:

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

has at least three members, a majority of  
whom are independent directors; and

is chaired by an independent director, and  
disclose:

the charter of the committee;

the members of the committee; and as at  
the end of each reporting period, the number  
of times the committee met throughout the  
period and the individual attendances of the
members at those meetings; or

(b) 

if it does not have a risk committee or committees that  
satisfy (a) above, disclose that fact and the processes it  
employs for overseeing the entity’s risk management  
framework.

3.1

No

128

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

7.2 

The board or a committee of the board should 

5.1/5.2  

Yes

(a) 

(b) 

review the entity’s risk management framework at  
least annually to satisfy itself that it continues to be
sound; and

disclose, in relation to each reporting period,  
whether such a review has taken place.

7.3

A listed entity should disclose 

3.1

No

(a) 

(b) 

if it has an internal audit function, how the function  
is structured and what role it performs; or

if it does not have an internal audit function, that  
fact and the processes it employs for evaluating and  
continually improving the effectiveness of its risk  
management and internal control processes

7.4

A listed entity should disclose whether it has any material 
exposure to economic, environmental and social sustainability  
risks and, if it does, how it manages or intends to manage
those risks.

5.1

Yes

Principle #  ASX Corporate Governance Council Recommendations

Reference 

Comply

Principle 8  Remunerate Fairly and Responsibly

8.1

The board of a listed entity should 

3.2

No

(a) 

have a remuneration committee which

(1) 

(2) 

has at least three members, a majority of  
whom are independent directors; and

is chaired by an independent director, and  
disclose:

• 

• 

• 

the charter of the committee;

the members of the committee; and

as at the end of each reporting period, the number of times 
the committee met throughout the period and the individual 
attendances of the members at those meetings; or 

129

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Principles

(b) 

if it does not have a remuneration committee, disclose  
that fact and the processes it employs for setting the  
level and composition of remuneration for directors  
and senior executives and ensuring that such
remuneration is appropriate and not excessive.

A listed entity should separately disclose its policies and 
practices regarding the remuneration of non-executive 
directors and the remuneration of executive directors 
and other senior executives.

Yes

3.2
Remuneration
Report

A listed entity which has an equity-based remuneration 
scheme should 

6.2
Remuneration

Yes

(a) 

have a policy on whether participants are permitted  
to enter into transactions (whether through the use  
of derivatives or otherwise) which limit the economic
risk of participating in the scheme; and

Report 

(b) 

disclose that policy or a summary of it.

8.2

8.3

130

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

2. 

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

2.1.  Roles and Responsibilities of the Board

The Board is accountable to the shareholders and investors for the overall performance of the 
Company and takes responsibility for monitoring the Company’s business and affairs and 
setting its strategic direction, establishing and overseeing the Company’s financial position.

The Board is Responsible for

2.1.1.  Appointing, evaluating, rewarding and if necessary, the removal of the Chief Executive 

Officer (“CEO”) or their functional equivalent and senior management;

2.1.2.  Development of corporate objectives and strategy with management and approving plans, 

new investments, major capital and operating expenditures and major funding activities  
proposed by management;

2.1.3.  Monitoring actual performance against defined performance expectations and reviewing
operating information to understand at all times the state of the health of the Company;

2.1.4.  Overseeing the management of business risks, safety and occupational health, environmental 

issues and community development;

2.1.5.  Satisfying itself that the financial statements of the Company fairly and accurately set out the

financial position and financial performance of the Company for the period under review;
board that proper operational, financial, compliance, risk management and internal control
process are in place and functioning appropriately;

2.1.7.  Approving and monitoring financial and other reporting;

2.1.8.  Assuring itself that appropriate audit arrangements are in place;

2.1.9.  Ensuring that the Company acts legally and responsibly on all matters and assuring itself that the 

Code; and other policies; and

2.1.10. Reporting to and advising shareholders. Other than as specifically reserved to the Board,

responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Company’s business activities is delegated 
to the CEO and senior management.

2.2.  Board Composition

The Directors determine the composition of the Board employing the following principles:

2.2.1.  the Board, in accordance with the Company’s constitution must comprise a minimum of  

three directors;

2.2.2.  the roles of the Chairperson of the Board and of the CEO should be exercised by  

different individuals;

2.2.3.  the majority of the Board should comprise directors who are non-executive (however this is  

not currently the case and the Company is seeking to address this);

131

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

2.2.4.  the Board should represent a broad range of qualifications, experience and expertise considered

of benefit to the Company; and

2.2.5.  the Board must be structured in such a way that it has a proper understanding of, and 

competency in, the current and emerging issues facing the Company, and can effectively review 
management’s decisions.

The Company’s constitution requires one-third of the directors (or the next lowest whole number) 
to retire by rotation at each Annual General Meeting (AGM), other than the managing director. The 
directors to retire at each AGM are those who have been longest in office since their last election. 
Where directors have served for equal periods, they may agree amongst themselves or determine 
by ballot who will retire. A director must retire in any event at the third AGM since he or she was last 
elected or re-elected. Retiring directors may offer themselves for re-election.

A director appointed as an additional or casual director by the Board will hold office until the next AGM 
when they may be re-elected. Any director appointed as an additional or casual director, is not to be 
taken into account in determining the number of directors required to retire by rotation.

2.3.  Board Membership

The Board is currently comprised of one non-executive directors and two executive directors.  
Details of the Board member’s experience, expertise and qualifications are set out in the Directors’ 
Report of the Annual Financial Statements under the heading “Directors Report”.

The Board of Directors at the time of issue of this report comprises:

2.3.1.  Gerard (Gerry) King (Chairperson) (Non-Executive)

2.3.2.  Tiger Brown (Executive Director)

2.3.3.  Mdm Kang Rong (Executive Director) 

2.4.  Chairperson and CEO

The Chairperson is responsible for:

2.4.1.  leadership of the Board;

2.4.2.  the efficient organisation and conduct of the Board’s functions;

2.4.3.  the promotion of constructive and respectful relations between Board members and  

between the Board and management;

2.4.4.  facilitating the effective contribution of all Board members; and

2.4.5.  committing the time necessary to effectively discharge the role of the Chairperson. 

The CEO is responsible for:

2.4.6.  briefing directors in relation to issues arising at Board meetings;

2.4.7.  implementing the Company’s strategies and policies; and

2.4.8.  the day-to-day management of the Group’s business activities. 

The Board specifies that the roles of the Chairperson and the CEO are separate roles to be undertaken 
by separate people.

132

 
 
 
  
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

2.5. 

Independent Directors

The Company recognises that independent directors are important in assuring shareholders that the 
Board is properly fulfilling its role and is diligent in holding senior management accountable for its 
performance. The Board assesses each of the directors against specific criteria to decide whether they 
are in a position to exercise independent judgment.

Directors of Astron are considered to be independent when they are independent of management and 
free from any business or other relationship that could materially interfere with, or could reasonably be 
perceived to materially interfere with, the exercise of their unfettered and independent judgement.

In making this assessment, the Board considers all relevant facts and circumstances. Relationships that 
the Board will take into consideration when assessing independence are whether a director:

2.5.1.  is a substantial shareholder of the Company or an officer of, or otherwise associated directly with,

a substantial shareholder of the Company;

2.5.2.  is employed, or has previously been employed in an executive capacity by the Company or 

such employment and serving on the Board;

2.5.3.  has within the last three years been a principal of a material professional advisor or a material 

consultant to the Company or another group member, or an employee materially associated with 
the service provided;

2.5.4.  is a material supplier or customer of the Company or other group member, or an officer of or

otherwise associated directly or indirectly with a material supplier or customer; or

2.5.5.  has a material contractual relationship with the Company or another group member other than 

as a director.

2.5.6.  has been a director of the entity for such a period that his or her independence may have been 

compromised.

The Board notes that the mere fact that a director has served on a Board for a substantial period does 
not mean that he or she has become too close to management to be considered not independent. The 
Board will regularly assess the independence of all and any director who serves on the Board.

Family ties and cross-directorships may be relevant in considering interests and relationships which may 
affect independence, and should be disclosed to the Board.

The Company does not comply with ASX Recommendation 2.4, as there is not a majority of non-
executive directors nor is there a majority of independent directors on the Board. In accordance with 
the definition of independence above, only one of the directors of the Company is considered to be 
independent.

The Board believes that the Company is not of sufficient size to warrant the inclusion of more 
independent non-executive directors in order to meet the ASX recommendation of maintaining a 
majority of independent non-executive directors. The Company maintains a mix of directors from 
different backgrounds with complementary skills and experience.

In recognition of the importance of independent views and the Board’s role in supervising the activities 
of management the Chairperson is a non-executive director.

133

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

2.6.  Company Secretary

The appointment, performance, review, and where appropriate, the removal of the Company 
Secretary is a key responsibility of the Board. All directors have access to the Company Secretary 
who is accountable directly to the Board, through the Chairman, on all matters to do with the proper 
functioning of the Board.

2.7.  Avoidance of Conflicts of Interest by a Director

In order to ensure that any interests of a director in a particular matter to be considered by the  
Board are known by each director, each director is required by the Company to disclose any 
relationships, duties or interests held that may give rise to a potential conflict. Directors are required to 
adhere strictly to constraints on their participation and voting in relation to any matters in which they 
may have an interest.

Directors are able to access members of the management team at any time to request relevant 
information. There are procedures in place, agreed by the board, to enable directors, in furtherance of 
their duties, to seek independent professional advice at the company’s expense.

2.8.  Review of Board Performance

The performance of the board and each of its committees is reviewed at least annually by the Chairman. 
Performance evaluations are conducted annually which involve an assessment of each board member’s 
performance against specific and measurable qualitative and quantitative performance criteria. The 
performance criteria against which directors and executives are assessed is aligned with the financial and 
non-financial objectives of Astron. Directors whose performance is consistently unsatisfactory may be 
asked to retire.

The performance of each committee is against the requirements of their respective charters.

3. 

BOARD COMMITTEES

The Board has the ability under the Company’s constitution to delegate its powers and responsibilities 
to committees of the Board.

3.1.  Audit and Risk Committee

The Board does not have an Audit and Risk Committee and as such the Group is not in compliance 
with Principle 4.1 of the ASX Corporate Governance Council. The Board considers that the Group is not 
of a size, nor are its financial affairs of such complexity, to justify the formation of a separate audit and 
risk committee. The Board as a whole undertakes the selection and proper application of accounting 
policies, the identification and management of risk and the review of the operation of the internal 
control systems. The Board considers that the experience and qualifications of the Board will assure the 
integrity of the financial statements of the Group and the independence of the external auditor.

Where practical and feasible, the Board invites the auditor to attend all general meetings of 
shareholders.

134

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

The Board in lieu of an Audit and Risk Committee is responsible for:

3.1.1.  reviewing the quality and integrity of the Group’s financial reporting to shareholders, ASX and

the Australian Securities and Investments Commission;

3.1.2.  reviewing the accounting policies, internal controls, practices and disclosures to assist the Board 

in making informed decisions, with direct access to management;

3.1.3.  reviewing the scope and outcome of external audits, with direct access to external auditors;

3.1.4.  nominating external auditors and reviewing the adequacy of existing external audit 

arrangements;

3.1.5.  ensuring the independence of external auditors and reviewing any other services provided by 

them;

3.1.6.  reviewing the Group’s risk management systems; and

3.1.7.  reporting on meetings and the results of any assessments and reviews. 

External Auditor

The Company’s policy is to appoint external auditors who clearly demonstrate quality and 
independence. The performance of the external auditor is reviewed annually, taking into consideration 
assessment of performance, existing value and tender costs.

An analysis of fees paid to the external auditors, including a breakdown of fees for non-audit services, 
is provided in the notes to the financial statements. It is the policy of the external auditors to provide an 
annual declaration of their independence to the Board. 

Internal Audit

The Company does not currently have a formal internal audit function however the Board oversee the 
effectiveness of risk management and internal control.

The Board works closely with management to identify and manage operational, financial and 
compliance risks which could prevent the Company from achieving its objectives. The Board actively 
encourages the external auditor to raise internal control issues, and oversees management’s timely 
remediation thereof.

3.2.  Remuneration and Nomination Committee

Given the present size of the Group, the existing Board is able to meet the needs of the Group in 
the examination of selection and appointment practices without the establishment of a nomination 
committee of the Board as recommended under Principle 2.1. 

Remuneration

The remuneration received by directors and executives in the current period is contained in the 
“Remuneration Report” section in the Directors’ Report of the Annual Financial Statements.

The Company seeks to attract and retain directors and executives with the appropriate expertise and 
ability to create value for shareholders.

135

 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

The remuneration structure for non-executive directors is not related to performance. The Company 
aims to ensure non-executive directors receive fees which reflect their skills, responsibilities and the 
time commitments required to discharge their duties. The Company does not pay retirement benefits 
to non-executive directors (other than superannuation contributions in accordance with its statutory 
superannuation obligations).

The remuneration structure for executive directors and other executives reflects the Company’s financial 
resources and as such there is not currently a direct correlation between the executive’s reward and 
individual and Company performance so as to seek to ensure that the Company’s remuneration policy is 
aligned with its long-term business objectives and the interests of shareholders and other stakeholders.

Nomination

A profile of each director is included in the Directors’ Report of the Annual Financial Statements under 
the heading “Directors information”. The Company does not have a written agreement in place with 
each director setting out the terms of their appointment. The committee and the Board consider 
the composition of the Board at least annually, when assessing the Board’s performance and when 
considering director election and re-election.

In considering whether the Board will support the election or re-election of incumbent directors, the 
committee considers the skills, experience, expertise, diversity and contribution made to the Board by 
the director and the contribution that the director is likely to make if elected or re-elected.

When considering appointing new directors, the committee assesses the range of skills, experience, 
expertise, diversity and other attributes from which the Board would benefit and to the extent to which 
current directors possess such attributes. This assessment allows the committee to provide the Board 
with a recommendation concerning the attributes for a new director, such that they balance those of 
existing directors.

All material information that is relevant to the decision as to whether or not to elect or re-elect a director 
is provided to shareholders in the explanatory notes accompanying the notice of meeting for the Annual 
General Meeting at which the election or re-election is to be considered.

4. 

TIMELY AND BALANCED DISCLOSURE

4.1. 

Shareholder Communication

The Company believes that all shareholders should have equal and timely access to material information 
about the Company including its financial situation, performance, ownership and governance.

The Board aims to ensure that shareholders are informed of all material information relating to the 
Company by communicating to shareholders through:

4.1.1.  continuous disclosure reporting to the ASX;

4.1.2.  its annual reports; and

4.1.3.  media releases and other investor relations publications on the Company’s website.  

The Company provides other information about itself and its governance via its website.

136

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Two-way Communication

The Board is also mindful of the importance of not only providing information, but also enabling two-
way communication between the Company and its shareholders.

The Company encourages direct electronic contact from shareholders – the Company’s website has a 
“Contact Us” section which allows shareholders to submit questions or comments.

The Company provides shareholder materials directly to shareholders through electronic means. A 
shareholder may request a hard copy of the Company’s annual report to be posted to them.

Shareholders may also communicate via electronic means with the Company’s Share Registry and may 
register to access personal shareholding information and receive electronic information.

General Meetings

Shareholders are encouraged to participate in general meetings. Copies of any addresses by the 
Chairperson or CEO are disclosed to the market and published on the Company’s website.

At the meeting the Chairperson encourages questions and comments from shareholders and seeks to 
ensure that shareholders are given ample opportunity to participate.

The Company’s external auditor, if practical and feasible, are invited to attend general meetings, and 
if the external auditors are not invited to attend the Company’s annual general meeting to answer 
shareholder questions about the conduct of the audit, the preparation and content of the audit report, 
the accounting policies adopted by the Company and the independence of the auditor in relation to the 
conduct of the audit, the Company will facilitate any questions from shareholders about these matters.

4.2.  Continuous Disclosure Policy

The Company is committed to ensuring that shareholders and the market are provided with full and 
timely information and that all stakeholders have equal opportunities to receive externally available 
information issued by the Company.

The Company’s “ASX Disclosure Policy” encourages effective communication with its shareholders by 
requiring that Company announcements:

4.2.1.  be factual and subject to internal vetting and authorisation before issue;

4.2.2.  be made in a timely manner;

4.2.3.  not omit material information;

4.2.4.  be expressed in a clear and objective manner to allow investors to assess the impact of  

the information when making investment decisions;

4.2.5.  be in compliance with ASX Listing Rules continuous disclosure requirements; and

4.2.6.  be placed on the Company’s website following release.

The Company’s “ASX Disclosure Policy” reinforces the Company’s commitment to continuous disclosure 
and outline management’s accountabilities and the processes to be followed for ensuring compliance.

The policy also contains guidelines on information that may be price sensitive. The Australian Company 
Secretary has been nominated as the person responsible for communications with the ASX. This role 
includes responsibility for ensuring compliance with the continuous disclosure requirements with the 
ASX Listing Rules and overseeing and coordinating information disclosure to the ASX.

137

 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

5. 

RECOGNISING AND MANAGING RISK

5.1.  Board Responsibility for Risk Management

The Board is responsible for ensuring there are adequate policies in relation to risk management, 
compliance and internal control systems. The Company’s policies are designed to ensure strategic, 
operational, legal, reputation and financial risks are identified, assessed, effectively and efficiently 
managed and monitored to enable achievement of the Company’s business objectives. Considerable 
importance is placed on maintaining a strong control environment.

The Company has exposure to the following risks:

5.1.1.  Funding: The Company is subject to the risks in relation to funding its projects.  

The Board will continue to monitor these risks.

5.1.2.  Currency: The Company is exposed to fluctuations in the RMB and USD against the 

Australian dollar which can impact on expenditures related to project development and 
potentially future operations. Due to the size and assets of the Company the Board has not 
instigated a hedging program. The Board will continue to review the implementation of hedging 
to ensure it fits within the Company’s hedging policy framework and is deemed appropriate.

5.1.3.  Environmental: The Company is subject to, and responsible for existing environmental liabilities 
associated with its tenements as well as potential new liabilities through future mining activities. 
The Company will continually monitor its ongoing environmental obligations and risks, and 
implement rehabilitation and corrective actions as appropriate to remain compliant. These risks 
may be impacted by change in Government policy.

5.1.4.  Market Risk: The Company seeks to reduce investment risk by regularly monitoring the market 

and considering the ongoing benefits of carrying investments or disposal. There are inherent
uncertainty risks in the mineral sands market. 

5.2.  Board Oversight of the Risk Management System

The Board is responsible for approving and overseeing the risk management system. The Board 
reviews, at least annually, the effectiveness of the implementation of the risk management controls and 
procedures.

The principle aim of the system of internal control is the management of business risks, with a view 
to enhancing the value of shareholders’ investments and safeguarding assets. Although no system of 
internal control can provide absolute assurance that the business risks will be fully mitigated, the internal 
control systems have been designed to meet the Company’s specific needs and the risks to which it is 
exposed.

Annually, the Board is responsible for identifying the risks facing the Company, assessing the risks and 
ensuring that there are controls for these risks, which are to be designed to ensure that any identified 
risk is reduced to an acceptable level.

Internal control measures currently adopted by the Board include:

5.2.1.  regular reporting to the Board in respect of operations and the Company’s financial position; and

5.2.2.  regular reports to the Board by appropriate members of the management team outlining the 

nature of particular risks and highlighting measures which are either in place or can be adopted  
o manage or mitigate those risks.

138

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

5.3.  Risk Management Roles and Responsibilities

The Board is responsible for approving and reviewing the Company’s risk management strategy and 
policy. Senior management is responsible for implementing the Board approved risk management 
strategy and developing policies, controls, processes and procedures to identify and manage risks in all 
of the Company’s activities.

The Board in place of the Audit and Risk Committee is responsible for ensuring that management has 
developed and implemented a sound system of risk management and internal control.

6. 

ETHICAL AND RESPONSIBLE DECISION MAKING

6.1.  Code of Ethics and Conduct

The Board endeavors to ensure that the directors, officers and employees of the Company act with 
integrity and observe the highest standards of behavior and business ethics in relation to their corporate 
activities. The “Code of Conduct” sets out the principles, practices, and standards of personal behavior 
the Company expects people to adopt in their daily business activities.

All directors, officers and employees are required to comply with the Code of Conduct. Senior managers 
are expected to ensure that employees, contractors, consultants, agents and partners under their 
supervision are aware of the Company’s expectations as set out in the Code of Conduct.

All directors, officers and employees are expected to:

6.1.1.  comply with the law;

6.1.2.  act in the best interests of the Company;

6.1.3.  be responsible and accountable for their actions; and

6.1.4.  observe the ethical principles of fairness, honesty and truthfulness, including prompt disclosure 

of potential conflicts.

6.2.  Policy Concerning Trading in Company Securities

The Board has implemented a Share Trading Policy that applies to all directors, officers and employees. 
This policy sets out the restrictions on dealing in securities by people who work for, or are associated 
with the Company and is intended to assist in maintaining market confidence in the integrity of dealings 
in the Company’s securities. The policy stipulates that the only appropriate time for a director, officer 
or employee to deal in the Company’s securities is when they are not in possession of price sensitive 
information that is not generally available to the market.

As a matter of practice, Company shares may only be dealt with by directors and officers of the 
Company under the following guidelines:

6.2.1.  no trading is permitted in the period of one month prior to the announcement to the ASX of the 

Company’s quarterly, half year and full year results;

6.2.2.  guidelines are to be considered complementary to and not replace the various sections of the 

Corporations Act 2001 dealing with insider trading; and

139

 
 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

6.2.3.  prior approval of the Chairperson, or in his absence, the approval of two directors is required 

prior to any trading being undertaken.

6.2.4.  Senior management are prohibited from entering into transactions which limit the risk of 

participating in unvested entitlements under any equity-based remuneration scheme. 

6.3.  Policy Concerning Diversity

The Company encourages diversity in employment throughout the Company and in the composition of 
the Board, as a mechanism to ensure that the Company is able to draw on a variety of skill, talent and 
previous experiences in order to maximise the Company’s performance.

The Company’s “Diversity Policy” has been implemented to ensure the Company has the benefit of a 
diverse range of employees with different skills, experience, age, gender, race and cultural backgrounds. 
The Company reports its results on an annual basis in the Annual Financial Statements in achieving 
measurable targets which are set by the Board as part of implementation of the Diversity Policy.

The Company notes that out of 2 Executive Directors, one is female. In relation to senior executive 
positions, out of 9, 4 are female. Out of the total of 135 employees, 29 are female.

Astron is not a “relevant employer” under the Workplace Gender Equality Act. The table below outlines 
the diversity objectives established by the Board, the steps taken during the year to achieve these 
objectives, and the outcomes.

140

 
 
ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Objectives

Steps Taken/Outcome

Increase the number of women 
in the workforce, including 
management and at board level 

Out of 2 Executive Directors, one is female. In relation to senior 
executive positions, out of 9, 4 are female. Out of the total of 135 
employees, 29 are female.  

Review gender pay gaps on an 
annual basis and implement actions 
to address any variances. 

As a part of the annual remuneration review, the Board assesses 
the performance and salaries of all key management personnel 
and executive directors. Any gender pay disparities are 
addressed. 

Provide flexible workplace 
arrangements.

During the year Astron employed 4 employees on flexible work 
arrangements (2019: 3). 

Provide career development 
opportunities for every employee, 
irrespective of any cultural, gender 
and other differences. 

While Astron places special   focus on gender diversity, career 
development opportunities are equal for all employees. 
Employees are encouraged to attend professional development 
courses/workshops throughout the year.

Promote an inclusive culture that 
treats the workforce with fairness 
and respect. 

Astron has set a zero-tolerance policy against discrimination 
of employees at all levels. The Company provides avenues to 
employees to voice their concerns or report any discrimination. 
No cases of discrimination were reported during the year  
(2019: Nil). 

Be compliant with all mandatory 
diversity reporting requirements.

Astron is not a “relevant employer” under the Australian 
Workplace Gender Equality Act 2012.

141

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Mineral Resource Statement for  
Astron and its Subsidiaries

Geology and Geological Interpretation

The Donald and Jackson Deposits belong to the so-called “WIM-style” fine-grained mineral sands 
deposits discovered in the Wimmera area of the Murray Basin in the 1980s. They consist of large 
and broad lobate sheet-like heavy mineral accumulations deposited within the Late Miocene to Late 
Pliocene Loxton-Parilla Sands. These deposits are believed to represent accumulations that developed 
below the active wave base in a near shore environment, possibly representing the submarine 
equivalent of the strand style deposits. The WIM-style deposits are considerably larger in tonnage than 
strand-line deposits that are formed along the seaward face of shorelines. 

Mineral Resource Estimate

Following the 2015 in-fill drilling at the Donald and Jackson Deposits, Astron commissioned an 
independent consultant, AMC Consultants Pty Ltd, to update the Mineral Resource estimates in 
accordance with the requirements of the JORC 2012 Code. This update was finalised in April 2016.

The current Mineral Resource estimate totals 5.71 billion tonnes of sand at an average grade of 3.2% 
HM (at 1% HM cut-off) - with Measured, Indicated and Inferred categories classified as presented in 
Table 1 for the Donald and Jackson Deposits. In addition to assaying the total HM content, major 
valuable heavy minerals (VHM) were assayed in more than 50% of all drill holes and the heavy mineral 
assemblage is presented in Table 2.

Summary of Annual Review

The update of Astron’s Mineral Resource estimate for the Donald and Jackson Deposits was completed 
and announced to the ASX on 7 April 2016 – i.e. during the financial year ended on 30 June 2016.

Balance Date

Astron’s Mineral Resource Estimate is provided as at 30 June 2020. 

Governance Arrangements

Astron has controls in respect of reporting Mineral Resource Estimates, which include both internal 
approval process and where relevant obtaining external competent persons approval. 

142

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Mineral Resource Estimate

Table 1 Heavy Mineral (HM) Sand – Mineral Resource Estimate

AREA

CLASSIFICATION

TONNES

RLA
2006

RL
2003

TOTAL  
JACKSON
DEPOSIT
(RL 2003 & 
RLA 2006)

RL
2002

MIN
5532

TOTAL
DONALD
DEPOSIT
(RL 2002 & 
RLA 5532)

TOTAL
DONALD
PROJECT

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

SUBTOTAL

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

SUBTOTAL

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

SUBTOTAL

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

SUBTOTAL

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

SUBTOTAL

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

TOTAL

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

TOTAL

(Mt)

0
58
24

82

0
1,845
560

2,405

0
1,903
584

2,487

343
833
1,595

2,771

372
75
7

454

715
907
1,603

3,225

715
2,811
2,187

5,712

HM

(%)

0.0
1.6
1.8

1.6

0.0
2.8
2.9

2.9

0.0
2.8
2.9

2.8

3.9
3.3
3.4

3.4

4.5
4.0
3.5

4.4

4.2
3.4
3.4

3.6

4.3
3.0
3.3

3.2

SLIMES

OVERSIZE

(%)

0.0
14.1
14.4

14.2

0.0
19.2
16.8

18.6

0.0
19.0
16.7

18.5

19.8
16.2
15.7

16.4

14.4
13.8
13.5

14.2

17.0
16.0
15.7

16.1

18.1
17.9
16.4

16.9

(%)

0.0
6.2
4.7

5.8

0.0
5.8
3.2

5.2

0.0
5.8
3.3

5.2

8.1
13.5
6.0

8.5

12.8
13.1
10.6

12.8

10.6
13.4
6.0

9.1

11.1
8.2
5.5

7.3

Note
1.  The total tonnes may not equal the sum of the individual resources due to rounding. 

2.  The cut-off grade is 1% HM. 

3.  The figures are rounded to the nearest: 10M for tonnes, one decimal for HM, Slimes and Oversize. 

4.  For further details including JORC Code, 2012 Edition – Table 1 and cross sectional data, see 
  previous announcements dated 7 April 2016, available at ASX’s website at  
  www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20160407/pdf/436cjyqcg3cf47.pdf .

143

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Table 2 HM Assemblage and Mineral Resource Estimate for available VHM data

AREA

CLASSIFICATION

TONNES

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

SUBTOTAL

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

SUBTOTAL

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

TOTAL

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

(Mt)

0
18
8

26

650
146

797

668

155

823

185
454
647

SUBTOTAL

1,286

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

SUBTOTAL

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

TOTAL

MEASURED
INDICATED
INFERRED

TOTAL

264
49
5

317

448
503
652

1604

448
1,171
807

2,427

RLA
2006

RL
2003

TOTAL  
JACKSON
DEPOSIT
(RL 2003 & 
RLA 2006)

RL
2002

MIN
5532

TOTAL
DONALD
DEPOSIT
(RL 2002 & 
RLA 5532)

TOTAL
DONALD
PROJECT

HM

(%)

0.0
2.1
2.5

2.2

5.0
4.1

4.8

4.9

4.0

4.8

5.5
4.2
4.9

4.8

5.4
4.9
4.2

5.3

5.4
4.3
4.9

4.9

5.4
4.6
4.7

4.8

SLIMES

OVERSIZE

ZIRCON

RUTILE+
ANATASE

LLMENITE

LEUCOXENE MONAZITE

(%)

0.0
14.2
14.1

14.2

18.2
15.2

17.7

18.1

15.1

17.6

19.1
15.9
15.2

16.0

14.2
13.6
13.5

14.1

16.2
15.7
15.2

15.6

16.2
17.1
15.2

16.3

(%)

0.0
5.7
4.5

5.3

5.4
3.1

5.0

5.4
3.1

5.0

7.3
13.2
5.8

8.6

12.2
12.1
10-5

12.1

10.2
13.1
5.8

9.3

10.2
8.7
5.3

7.9

(% HM)

(% HM)

(% HM)

(% HM)

(% HM)

0
17
16

17

18
22

19

18

21

19

21
17
18

18

19
20
22

19

20
18
18

18

20
18
19

19

0
8
8

8

9
10

9

9

9

9

9
7
9

8

7
7
7

7

8
7
8

8

8
8
9

8

0
29
30

29

32
32

32

32

32

32

31
33
33

33

31
33
36

32

31
33
33

32

31
32
33

32

0
31
32

31

17
14

17

17

15

17

19
19
17

18

22
22
20

22

21
20
17

19

21
18
17

18

0
2
2

2

2
2

2

2

2

2

2
2
2

2

2
2
3

2

2
2
2

2

2
2
2

2

144

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Note
1.  The total tonnes may not equal the sum of the individual resources due to rounding. 
2.  The cut-off grade is 1% HM. 
3.  The figures are rounded to the nearest: 10M for tonnes, one decimal for HM, Slimes and Oversize
  and whole numbers for zircon, ilmenite, rutile + anatase, leucoxene and monazite. 
4.  Zircon, ilmenite, rutile + anatase, leucoxene and monazite percentages are report as a percentage  
  of the HM. 
5.  Rutile + anatase, leucoxene and monazite resource has been estimated using fewer samples than the
  other valuable heavy minerals. The accuracy and confidence in their estimate is therefore lower. 
6. For further details including JORC Code, 2012 Edition – Table 1 and cross sectional data, see
  previous announcements dated 7 April 2016, available at ASX’s website at  
  www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20160407/pdf/436cjyqcg3cf47.pdf .

Ore Reserve Statement
It should be noted that the below Ore Reserve Statement was calculated in 2012 (announced 18 June 
2012).  In 2016 Donald Mineral Sands engaged AMC Consultants to update their Mineral Resource  
(ASX announcement dated 7 April 2016). 

Astron intend to update their Ore Reserve Statement in the 2021 financial year utilising updated 
definitive design criteria with budgeted operational and capital expenditure applied to the 2016 
Mineral Resource.

145

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Table 2: Donald Mineral Sands Ore Reserve for RL2002 (formerly EL4433) and MIN5532  
(which is wholly within RL2002).

CLASSIFICATION

WITHIN MIN5532
PROVED

PROBABLE

TONNES

(M)

141

48

HM

(%)

5.9

5.7

SLIMES

ZIRCON

RUTILE

LLMENITE

LEUCOXENE

(%)

15.4

(%)

19.4

14.0

19.9

(%)

7.0

7.1

(%)

32.9

(%)

20.3

33.3

21.7

TOTAL WITH MIN5532

189

5.8

15.1

19.5

7.0

33.0

20.

WITHIN EL4433 OUTSIDE OF MIN5532
PROVED

9

4.2

15.4

14.8

PROBABLE

263

5.9

16.7

18.8

TOTAL WITHIN EL443 OUTSIDE OF MIN5532

272

5.9

16.7

18.7

TOTAL WITHIN EL4433
PROVED

PROBABLE

150

311

5.8

5.9

15.4

19.2

16.3

19.0

TOTAL WITHIN EL443

461

5.9

16.0

19.1

9.3

7.9

8.0

7.1

7.8

7.5

35.2

20.3

34.0

17.7

34.0

17.8

33.0

20.3

33.9

18.3

33.6

18.9

Note

1.  The ore tonnes have been rounded to the nearest 1MT and grades have been rounded to one 

decimal place.

2. The Ore Reserve is based on Indicated and Measured Mineral Resource contained within mine 

designs above and economic cut-off.

3. The economic cut-off is defined as the value of the products less the cost of processing.

4. Mining recovery and dilution have been applied to the figures above.

5. The mining licence is wholly within the retention licence (MIN5532 is wholly within RL2002,  

formerly EL4433)

6. Rutile shown is Rutile + Anatase

7. For further details, see previous announcement dated 31 July 2013, available at ASX’s website at 

https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20130731/pdf/42hd37m51m4501.pdf .

146

ASTRON CORPORATION LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2020

Further notes: 
The 18 June 2012 Ore Reserve Estimate was based on economic assumptions relevant at that date 
including product pricing and forecasts and excludes subsequent pricing and changes to the Project. 
The pricing in the Announcement is different to the pricing used in the 18 June 2012 Ore Reserve 
Estimate. The Announcement also included improved economics by changing the HM processing 
location from Australia to Putian, Fujian province, China and allowing for additional valuable products to 
be processed and sold (as more fully described in the DFS Announcement). These additional products 
were not considered at the time of the 18 June 2012 Ore Reserve Estimate.

COMPETENT PERSONS STATEMENT 

The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results and Mineral Resources for the  
Donald Project is based on information compiled by Mr Rod Webster, a Competent Person who is a 
Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and Australian Institute of Geoscientists. 
Mr Webster is a full-time employee of AMC Consultants Pty Ltd and is independent of DMS, the owner 
of the Donald Project Mineral Resources. Mr Webster has sufficient experience that is relevant to the 
style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity being undertaken to 
qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of 
Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’. Mr Webster consents to the inclusion in the 
report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.

I

A
S
T
R
O
N
C
O
R
P
O
R
A
T
O
N
L
I
M
T
E
D
A
N
N
U
A
L
R
E
P
O
R
T

I

2
0
2
0