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Aseana Properties Ltd

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FY2022 Annual Report · Aseana Properties Ltd
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ASEANA PROPERTIES LIMITED 

ANNUAL REPORT 

2022 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 

3 
Corporate Information 

12 
Corporate Social Responsibility 

4 
Corporate Strategy 

5 
Chairman’s Statement 

7 
Property Portfolio 

14 
Board of Directors 

16 
Directors’ Report 

22 
Report of Directors’ Remuneration 

8 
Performance Summary 

24 
Corporate Governance Statement 

9 
Financial Review 

32 
Independent Auditor’s Report 

FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS 

40 
Consolidated Statement of 
Comprehensive Income 

42 
Consolidated Statement of 
Financial Position 

44 
Consolidated Statement of 
Changes In Equity 

47 
Consolidated Statement of 
Cash Flows 

49 
Notes to the Financial Statements 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE INFORMATION 

NON-EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN 
Nicholas John Paris  

NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS 
Thomas Holland 
Monica Lai Voon Huey 
Hock Chye Tan 
Helen Wong Siu Ming 

COMPANY SECRETARY AND REGISTERED OFFICE 
ICECAP (Secretaries) Limited 
Osprey House, Old Street, St. Helier 
Jersey JE2 3RG 
Channel Islands 

WEBSITE 
www.aseanaproperties.com 

LISTING DETAILS 
Main Market of the London Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol ASPL 

AUDITOR 
PKF Littlejohn LLP 
15 Westferry Circus 
London E14 4HD 
United Kingdom 

FINANCIAL ADVISER 
GRANT THORNTON UK LLP 
30 Finsbury Square  
London EC2A 1AG 
United Kingdom 

REGISTRAR 
Computershare Investor Services (Jersey) Limited 
Queensway House 
Hilgrove Street, St. Helier 
Jersey JE1 1ES 
Channel Islands 
Tel: +44(0) 370 707 4040 
Fax: +44(0) 370 873 5851 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE STRATEGY 

KEY FACTS 

Exchange 

Symbol 

Lookup 

: 

London Stock 
Exchange Main Market 

:  ASPL 

: 

Reuters - ASPL.L 
Bloomberg - ASPL:LN 

Domicile 
Shares Issued 
Shares Held 
in Treasury 
Voting Share 
Capital 
Share 
Denomination 
Admission 
Date 

:  Jersey 
:  212,025,002 

:  13,334,000 

:  198,691,002 

:  US Dollars 

:  5 April 2007 

Aseana  Properties  Limited  (“Aseana  Properties”  or  the  “Company”)  is  a  London-listed  company 
incorporated in Jersey.  The Company and its subsidiary undertakings (together with the “Group”) 
were focused on property development opportunities in Malaysia and Vietnam. 

The routine operations of the Company are supervised by the Chairman and the Board, with a small 
team  of  finance  professionals  directly  engaged  to  run  our  finances  and  operations.    A  Divestment 
Director  was  also  designated  from  the  existing  Board  with  a  specific  focus  to  sell  the  Company’s 
remaining assets, in line with the Divestment Policy. 

When the Company was launched in 2007, the Board considered it desirable that Shareholders should 
have an opportunity to review the future of the Company at appropriate intervals.  This will enable the 
realisation of the Company’s assets in a controlled, orderly and timely manner, with the objective of 
achieving  a  balance  between  periodically  returning  cash  to  Shareholders  and  maximising  the 
realisation value of the Company’s investments. 

The Company will hold another discontinuation vote at a general meeting in May 2023, meanwhile 
the Company continues to seek for disposal of its assets in a measured manner. 

To the extent that the Company has not disposed of all of its assets by May 2023, Shareholders will be 
provided with an opportunity to review the future of the Company, which would include the option for 
shareholders to vote for the continuation of the Company. 

The Directors have considered the appropriateness of preparing the accounts on a going concern 
basis in light of the decision to realise the Group’s investments in an orderly manner.  There is no 
certainty over the timeframe over which the investments will be realised.  The Directors note that 
other viable alternative strategies to a wind-down remain available and they will continue to evaluate 
whether to propose continuation of the current divestment strategy or change to an alternative 
strategy. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT  

Dear Shareholders, 

INTRODUCTION 

Asia  began  its  recovery  from  the  COVID-19  pandemic  from  the  middle  of  2022  onwards,  as  both 
Malaysia and Vietnam (where we used to own properties) steadily lifted their restrictions on population 
movement  and  international  travel.  As  a  result,  economic  activity,  and  most  importantly,  the 
movement of first the domestic populations and then foreign tourists began to accelerate. These are 
very important to the Company as our assets comprised a hospital and development land in Vietnam 
(which  have  now  been  sold),  a  5-star  hotel  and  luxury  residential  apartments  in  Kuala  Lumpur,  a 
shopping mall and a hotel in Sandakan and undeveloped beachfront land in Sabah. 

COMMENTARY ON THE YEAR 

Our focus has been to minimise operating costs and net cash outflows at each of our properties whilst 
our Asset Divestment team seeks to dispose of them at reasonable prices. The sale of our Vietnam 
assets significantly reduced the project debts, reducing our debt servicing costs. 

I am pleased that shareholders are co-operating in the common aim of selling the Group’s assets and 
returning as much capital as possible to all shareholders. 

ECONOMIC OVERVIEW 

In 2022, the Malaysian economy recorded growth of 8.7% (2021: 3.1%) according to the Malaysian 
government as the economy rebounded from the easing of COVID-19 restrictions but this forecast is 
expected to slow to 4.0% in 2023 according to the World Bank. 

PERFORMANCE REVIEW 

During  2022,  the  Company  recorded  a  net  loss  after  finance  costs  and  before  taxation  of  US$17.6 
million compared to a net loss before taxation of US$5.8 million (restated) for the previous financial 
year.  The Net Loss attributable to equity holders was US$15.9 million for FY 2022, (2021 (restated): 
US$5.8 million), and the loss per share was US cents 7.99 (2021 (restated): US cents 2.90). 

Our NAV per Share as at 31 December 2022 fell to US cents 37 (2021 (restated): US cents 46). 

Our net cash inflow for the year was US$0.1 million (2021 (restated): US$1.7 million) which reflected 
foreign exchange gain effect of US$ 2.9 million (2021 (restated): US$1.1 million loss effect), net cash 
outflows from operating activities of US$4.5 million (2021 (restated): US$9.8 million) offset by a cash 
inflow from investing and financing activities of US$1.7 million (2021 (restated): US$12.7 million). 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OUR ASSET DIVESTMENT PROGRAMME 

Progress on asset sales had been very difficult during the Covid restrictions but in March 2022, we 
completed the sale of our two assets in Vietnam for a gross price of US$95 million.  We received a 
gross consideration of US$18.3 million in cash of which US$8.9 million was used to pay down project 
debts owed in Malaysia.  The balance was used for working capital purposes within the Group. 

Although  we  had  to terminate  a  conditional  agreement  to  sell the  unsold  apartments  in  The  RuMa 
Residences in August 2022, other potential buyers have since appeared, and progress is being made to 
sell these and our other major assets.  Announcements will be made about these when such discussions 
convert into detailed sale terms and signed commitments. 

DIS-CONTINUATION VOTE IN MAY 

The  Company  is  required  to  hold  another  dis-continuation  vote  by  the  end  of  May  2023  so  that 
shareholders  can  vote  on  the  future  of  the  Company.  The  Directors  therefore  intend  to  call  an 
Extraordinary General Meeting on 30 May 2023 and current expectations are to also hold the Annual 
General Meeting on the same date.  

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

Once  again,  I  would  like  to  thank  my  colleagues  on  the  Company’s  Board  of  Directors,  the  staff 
operating at the level of the Group and the staff working at each of the properties that we own for their 
tireless work on behalf of the Group and its shareholders.  In addition, our external advisors and service 
providers provide invaluable assistance to the Company. 

On  3  March  2023,  Hock  Chye  Tan  joined  the  Board  of  Directors  and  the  Audit  Committee  as  an 
independent non-executive Director based in Malaysia.  He is a corporate and finance professional 
bringing valuable expertise as a qualified accountant. 

Thank you. 

NICHOLAS JOHN PARIS 
Chairman 

28 April 2023 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PROPERTY PORTFOLIO AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2022 

Project 

Completed projects 

Type 

Effective 
Ownership 

Approximate 
Gross 
 Floor Area 
(sq m) 

Approximate 
Land Area
(sq m) 

The RuMa Hotel and Residences 
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 

Luxury residential 
tower and bespoke 
hotel 

70.0% 

40,000 

4,000 

Sandakan Harbour Square 
Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia 

Undeveloped projects 

Kota Kinabalu Seafront resort & 

residences 

Divested projects 

Phase 1: City International 
Hospital, International 
Healthcare Park,  

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 
Other developments in 

International Healthcare Park,  

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 

(formerly International Hi-Tech 
Healthcare Park) 

Hotel and retail mall 

100.0% 

126,000 

48,000 

Land parcel approved 
for development of: 
(i) Boutique resort 
hotel and resort villas 
(ii) Resort homes 

Private general 
hospital 

Commercial 
development with 
healthcare theme 

80.0% 

n/a 

172,900 

73.04% 

48,000 

25,000 

73.04% 

972,000 

351,000 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY 

Total Returns since listing 
Ordinary share price 
FTSE All-share index 
FTSE 350 Real Estate Index 

One Year Returns 
Ordinary share price 
FTSE All-share index 
FTSE 350 Real Estate Index 

Capital Values (2021 restated) 
Total assets less current liabilities (US$ million) 
Net asset value per share (US$) 
Ordinary share price (US$) 
FTSE 350 Real Estate Index 

Debt-to-equity ratio (2021 restated) 
Debt-to-equity ratio 1 
Net debt-to-equity ratio 2 

(Loss)/ Earnings Per Share (2021 restated) 
Earnings per ordinary share - basic (US cents) 

- diluted (US cents) 

Year ended 
31 December 2022 

Year ended 
31 December 2021 

-86.00% 
22.31% 
-57.47% 

-30.00% 
-3.16% 
-35.67% 

104.24 
0.41 
0.14 
398.93 

102.21% 
91.50% 

-7.99 
-7.99 

-80.00% 
-26.30% 
-33.88% 

-37.50% 
14.55% 
26.19% 

126.09 
0.45 
0.20 
620.13 

92.52% 
84.52% 

-2.90 
-2.90 

Notes: 
1 Debt-to-equity ratio = (Total Borrowings ÷ Total Equity) x 100% 
2 Net debt-to-equity ratio = (Total Borrowings less Cash and Cash Equivalents ÷ Total Equity) x 100% 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL REVIEW 

INTRODUCTION 

The  Group  recorded  a  consolidated  comprehensive  loss  of  US$20.4  million  for  the  financial  year 
ended 31 December 2022 (year ended 31 December 2021 (restated): US$12.6 million), largely due to 
impairment provided to inventory and amount due from a related party. 

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

The  Group  recognised  revenue  of  US$1.0  million  (2021  (restated):  US$0.6  million).    Revenue  of 
US$36.4 million has been deferred until control of sold units in the leaseback program is passed to the 
buyer. 

The Group recorded a net loss before taxation of US$17.6 million (2021 (restated): US$5.8 million).  
The loss was largely due to impairment provided to inventory and amount due from a related party. 

Net loss attributable to equity holders of the parent company was US$15.9 million (2021 (restated): 
US$5.8 million).  Tax expenses for the year was US$0.3 million (2021 (restated): US$0.1 million). 

The consolidated comprehensive loss was US$20.3 million (2021 (restated): US$12.6 million), which 
included a loss of US$2.5 million (2021 (restated): US$3.6 million) attributable to foreign currency 
translation  differences  for  foreign  operations  due  to  an  appreciation  of  the  US  Dollar  against  the 
Ringgit, during the year. 

Basic and diluted loss per share were both US cents 7.99 (2021 (restated): US cents 2.90). 

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

Total assets were US$157.2 million (2021 (restated): US$190.4 million), representing a decrease of 
US$31.9 million.  This was mainly due to disposal of asset held for sale with a carrying amount of 
US$14.5  million  and  a  decrease  of  US$14.5  million  in  inventories  that  includes  an  impairment  of 
US$8.6 million. 

Total liabilities were US$89.4 million (2021 (restated): US$101.4 million), representing a decrease of 
US$12.0 million.  This was mainly due to a decrease of US$11.1 million in medium term notes which 
was partially repaid during the year. 

Net Asset Value per share was US$0.37 (31 December 2021 (restated): US$0.46). 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CASH FLOW AND FUNDING 

Cash  generated  from  operations  before  interest  and  tax  paid  was  US$1.1  million  (2021  (restated): 
US$6.2 million cash used). 

The  Group  generated  net  cash  flow  of  US$10.5  million  from  investing  activities  (2021  (restated): 
US$0.7 million). 

Some  of  the  borrowings  of the Group  were repaid  from  divestment  proceeds.   As  at  31  December 
2022, the Group’s gross borrowings stood at US$32.9 million (31 December 2021 (restated): US$44.0 
million).  Net debt-to-equity ratio was 91.50% (31 December 2021 (restated): 84.52%). 

Finance  income  was  US$2.0  million  for  financial  year  ended  31  December  2022  (2021  (restated): 
US$2.0 million) which included accrued income of US$1.5 million (2021 (restated): US$1.3 million).  
Finance costs were US$3.3 million (2021 (restated): US$3.6 million), which were mostly incurred by 
its operating assets. 

DIVIDEND 

No dividend was declared or paid in the financial years 2022 and 2021. 

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

A review of the principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group is set out in the Directors’ Report of 
the Annual Report. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TREASURY AND FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

The Group undertakes risk assessments and identifies the principal risks that affect its activities.  The 
responsibility for the management of each key risk has been clearly identified and has been managed 
by the Board of Directors and the Board are closely involved in the day-to-day operation of the Group.   

A comprehensive discussion on the Group’s financial risk management policies is included in the notes 
to the financial statements of the Annual Report. 

NICHOLAS JOHN PARIS 
Director 

28 April 2023 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (“CSR”) 

Aseana Properties is committed to making a positive difference in the world, whether it is for the local 
community or whether it is building a better working environment.  The Company believes that being 
socially and environmentally responsible is good for people, the planet and for business.  The following 
six core principles define the essence of corporate citizenship for the Company. 

Managing Corporate Responsibility 
The  Board  of  Directors  at  Aseana  Properties  has  oversight  mechanisms,  through  corporate-level 
policies  and  standards  to  ensure  an  effective  CSR  programme  is  delivered  in  the  interest  of  its 
employees,  shareholders  and  the  community  at  large.    It  is  determined  to  ensure  that  its  CSR 
programme  acts  legally  and  responsibly  on  all  matters  and  that  the  highest  ethical  standards  are 
maintained.  The Board recognizes this as a key part of its risk, management strategy to protect the 
reputation of Aseana Properties and shareholders values are enhanced. 

Employees 
In the current changing economic environment, with competing demands and stress, the welfare of 
employees is critical in order to ensure they are productive, creative and innovative.  This is also in 
order to achieve the highest standard in the workplace.  The Board works hard to ensure that employees 
are treated fairly and with dignity because it is the right thing to do and also to get the best out of them. 

Health and Safety 
Aseana Properties considers Health and Safety to be important because it protects the well-being of 
employees, visitors and clients.  Looking after Health and Safety makes good business sense and the 
Company works hard to provide a healthy workplace environment for its staff, contractors and visitors. 

Some of the organized efforts and procedures for reducing workplace accidents, risks and hazards, 
exposure to harmful solutions include: 

  Paying  particular  attention  to  the  regular  maintenance  of  equipment,  plant  and  systems  to 

ensure a safe working environment. 

  Providing sufficient information, instruction, training and supervision to enable all employees 
to avoid hazards and to contribute positively to their own safety and safe performance at work. 

Stakeholders 
Aseana Properties works collaboratively with its stakeholders to improve services and to ensure client 
satisfaction.    The  Company  is  committed  to  meaningful  dialogue  and  encourages  stakeholder 
participation through stakeholder events, roadshows, briefings, conference calls and timely release of 
annual  reports. 
  Aseana  Properties  also  maintains  an  updated  and  informative  website, 
www.aseanaproperties.com that is accessible to stakeholders and members of the public. 

Environmental Management 
Aseana Properties believes that any commitment to a more environmentally sustainable world has to 
start at home, and to this end, it challenges itself to work in an environmentally responsible manner 
and to find new ways to reduce its carbon footprint.  It also works with consultants such as architects 
to look at how they can be more environmentally friendly by incorporating natural elements such as 
water, greenery, light and air into its projects.  Maintaining and sustaining local Malaysian heritage is 
the essence of the RuMa Hotel so decorative elements like batik prints throughout are recycled from a 
local batik factory.  The Kelelai (a type of bamboo) ornaments and ceiling panels at the pool area of 
Level 6 of the hotel are cultivated from a dying weaving art by Kelantanese women. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The RuMa Hotel and Residences have both been separately awarded the Green Building Index (GBI) 
Provisional Gold Rating having successfully met all the GBI Criteria under each category for Energy 
Efficiency,  Indoor  Environment  Quality,  Sustainable  Site  Planning  &  Management,  Materials  & 
Resources, Water Efficiency and Innovation.  The GBI is Malaysia’s industry recognized green rating 
tool for buildings to promote sustainability in the building industry. 

The  bathroom  amenities  at  The  RuMa  Hotel  were  designed  with  sustainability  in  mind  and 
incorporated  biodegradable  materials  such  as  bamboo,  corn  starch,  and  recycled  paper  for  dry 
amenities  like  toothbrushes,  cotton  swabs,  soap  dishes,  and  shower  caps.    Additionally,  the  wet 
amenities range was created exclusively for The RuMa Hotel and is both eco-friendly and able to be 
disposed  of  in  an  environmentally  responsible  manner.    By  opting  for  biodegradable  bathroom 
amenities, we can contribute to the protection of our planet and the promotion of a more sustainable 
future. 

The RuMa Hotel recognizes that promoting gender equality is crucial to our sustainability efforts, and 
we have incorporated the promotion of gender equality in the workplace as a key component of our 
sustainability  initiatives.    Our  aim  is  to  foster  a  more  diverse,  inclusive,  and  equitable  work 
environment by implementing clear policies and guidelines that promote gender equality, such as equal 
pay for equal work, flexible work arrangements, and a workplace that is free from harassment and 
discrimination.  We are committed to providing our employees with training and education on gender 
equality  issues,  including  unconscious  bias  and  gender  sensitivity,  to  ensure  that  everyone  in  our 
organization understands the importance of this initiative. 

Community 
Aseana Properties understands the importance of community engagement both for the communities 
themselves but also for giving staff more meaningful experiences by tapping into their professional 
skills and capabilities. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

NICHOLAS JOHN PARIS 
NON-EXECUTIVE INDEPENDENT CHAIRMAN  

Nicholas  (Nick)  John  Paris  was  re-appointed  as  a  Non-Executive  Director  of  Aseana  Properties 
Limited in September 2019 and became Chairman on 29 July 2020 following the retirement of Gerald 
Ong.  He had previously been a Non-Executive Director of Aseana from 22 June 2015 to 20 March 
2019. 

Nick  is  a  fellow  of  the  Institute  of  Chartered  Accountants  England  &  Wales  and  a  Chartered 
Alternative Investment Analyst.  

Nick is currently Managing Director of Myanmar Investments International Limited and a Managing 
Director of Dolphin Capital Investors Limited of which both are quoted on the AIM market of the 
London Stock Exchange and a Non-Executive Director of Fondul Proprietatea, a fund listed on the 
Bucharest and London Stock Exchanges. 

THOMAS HOLLAND 
NON-EXECUTIVE INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR 

Thomas  (Tom)  Holland  was  appointed  as  a  Non-Executive  Independent  Director  of  Aseana 
Properties Limited on 23 November 2020.  Tom has been based in Asia for 25 years with experience 
working in leadership positions in a number of financial firms.  Tom has been active in Vietnam since 
2006, having led the investments in large real estate developments as well as privatising state owned 
enterprises.  Prior to founding his current platform, Development Finance Asia, a boutique investment 
firm, Tom was head of Asia for Cube Capital and a senior investment manager for Income Partners 
Asset Management.  Tom has a track record of successfully managing private investments in Vietnam, 
Malaysia, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Mongolia and Cambodia. 

He  holds  a  number  of  non-executive  director  roles  for  financial  services,  logistics  and  consumer 
companies across Asia. 

MONICA LAI VOON HUEY 
NON-EXECUTIVE NON-INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR 

Monica  Lai  was  appointed  as  a  Non-Executive  Non-  Independent  Director  of  Aseana  Properties 
Limited in September 2019.  Monica is the Group Chief Executive Officer of Eccaz Sdn Bhd which is 
involved in property development and urban transportation solutions. 

Monica  graduated  from  City  University,  London  with  a  Bachelor  of  Science  (Hons)  Degree  in 
Accountancy and Economics and worked for EY London and KPMG Hong Kong.  Her professional 
qualifications  include  The  Institute  of  Chartered  Accountants  England  &  Wales,  The  Malaysian 
Institute of Accountants and the Malaysian Institute of Taxation. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HOCK CHYE TAN 
NON-EXECUTIVE INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR 

Hock  Chye  Tan  was  appointed  as  a  Non-Executive  Independent  Director  of  Aseana  Properties  in 
March 2023.  Hock Chye is a Chartered Global Management Accountant (CGMA) of the Association 
of  International  Certified  Professional  Accountants,  a  Fellow  Member  (FCMA)  of  the  Chartered 
Institute  of  Management  Accountants  and  a  Chartered  Accountant  (CA(M))  with  the  Malaysian 
Institute of Accountants.  He obtained an MBA from Oklahoma City University and has attended a 
Harvard  Premier  Management  Program.    He  also  holds  a  Diploma  in  Commerce  from  the  TAR 
University College. 

He has worked in Papua New Guinea, Singapore and Malaysia in both private and public companies 
and held senior management and Board positions.  Currently, he is the CFO of SEATech Ventures 
Corp.,  a  start-up  company  listed  on  the  US  OTC  Pink  Market.    He  is  also  the  National  Assistant 
Treasurer of SME Association of Malaysia and Treasurer of the Malaysia Cross Border E-Commerce 
Association. 

HELEN WONG SIU MING 
NON-EXECUTIVE INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR 

Helen Wong Siu Ming was appointed as a Non-Executive Independent Director of Aseana Properties 
in June 2019.  Helen has over 28 years of financial and operational experience in the United States and 
Asia.    She  is  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  founder  of  LAPIS  Global  Limited,  a  Hong  Kong  based 
investment management  and  advisory  firm.   She  was  formerly the  CEO  of  Cushman  &  Wakefield 
Capital  Asia  where  she  established  the  Asia  Investment  Management  and  Investment  Banking 
platform. 

In addition, Helen has held numerous executive positions including Chief Operating Officer of Lazard 
Asia Investment Management HK Limited, Managing Director of IFIL Asia (renamed EXOR S.p.A), 
where she was responsible for the Asian direct investment activities and Chief Financial Officer of the 
Singapore listed investment vehicle, Pacific Century Regional Developments Limited. 

Helen  also  has  extensive  experience  in  infrastructure  and  transport  through  her  prior  roles  at  the 
Provisional Airport Authority, Hong Kong and the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The Directors present their report together with the audited financial statements of Aseana Properties 
Limited  (the  “Company”)  and  its  subsidiary  undertakings  (together  with  the “Group”)  for  the  year 
ended 31 December 2022. 

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES 

The  principal  activities  of  the  Group  were  the  development  of  upscale  residential  and  hospitality 
projects in Malaysia and Vietnam. The Group is now focused on carrying out its divestment program 
which consists of selling the Group’s remaining Malaysian assets, repaying its debts and distributing 
the remaining proceeds to its shareholders. 

BUSINESS REVIEW AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 

The consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year is set out on page 40.  A review of 
the development and performance of the business has been set out in the Chairman’s Statement and 
the Financial Review reports. 

OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY 

When the Company was launched in 2007, the Board considered it desirable that Shareholders should 
have an opportunity to review the future of the Company at appropriate intervals.  The Company will 
hold  another  discontinuation  vote  at  a  general  meeting  in  May  2023,  meanwhile  the  Company 
continues to seek for disposal of its assets in a measured manner. 

To the extent that the Company has not disposed of all of its assets by May 2023, Shareholders will be 
provided with an opportunity to review the future of the Company, which would include the option for 
shareholders to vote for the continuation of the Company. 

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

The Group’s business was property development in Malaysia and Vietnam. Since divesting its assets 
in Vietnam in 2022, its principal risks are therefore related solely to the property market in Malaysia.  
More  detailed  explanations  of  these  risks  and  the  way  they  are  managed  are  contained  under  the 
heading of Financial and Capital Risk Management Objectives and Policies in Note 4.1 to the financial 
statements. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other risks faced by the Group in Malaysia include the following: 

Economic 

Strategic 

Regulatory 

Law and regulations 

Tax regimes 

Management and control 

Operational 

Financial 

Going Concern 

Inflation,  economic  recessions  and  movements  in  interest 
rates could affect property development activities. 

Incorrect strategy, including timing, could lead to poor returns 
for shareholders.  

Breach  of  regulatory  rules  could  lead  to  suspension  of  the 
Company’s Stock Exchange listing and financial penalties. 

Changes in laws and regulations relating to planning, land use, 
development  standards  and  ownership  of  land  could  have 
the 
adverse  effects  on 
shareholders. 
Changes in the tax regimes could affect the tax treatment of 
the Company and/or its subsidiaries in these jurisdictions. 

the  business  and  returns  for 

Changes  that  cause  the  management  and  control  of  the 
Company to be exercised in the United Kingdom could lead 
to the Company becoming liable to United Kingdom taxation 
on income and capital gains. 
The  COVID-19  pandemic  and  many  related  movement 
control  measurements  in  Malaysia  lasted  until  2022,  which 
continued  to  affect  our  key  properties  as  our  hotel  suffered 
closure and low occupancy rates and our retail mall was also 
forced  to  close;  at  times,  only  food  operations  were 
permissible at our shopping mall.  The overall effect of low 
occupancy rates and reduced operating income had a negative 
impact on our revenues, costs and valuations.  Failure of the 
Company’s accounting system and disruption to the business, 
or  to  that  of  third  party  service  providers,  could  lead  to  an 
inability to provide accurate reporting and monitoring leading 
to a loss of shareholders’ confidence. 
Inadequate  controls  by  the  Company  or  third  party  service 
providers  could  lead  to  a  misappropriation  of  assets.  
Inappropriate  accounting  policies  or  failure  to  comply  with 
accounting standards could lead to misreporting or breaches 
of regulations or a qualified audit report. 
Failure  to  sell  the  assets  in  a  timely  manner  may  result  in 
to  continue  operational 
inadequate  financial  resources 
existence and to meet financial liabilities and commitments. 

The  Board  seeks  to  mitigate  and  manage  these  risks  through  continual  review,  policy  setting  and 
enforcement  of  contractual  rights  and  obligations.    It  also  regularly  monitors  the  economic  and 
investment  environment  in  Malaysia,  its  only  remaining  market.    Details  of  the  Group’s  internal 
controls are described on page 29. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
LITIGATION 

Claim Against Ireka Corporation Bhd (“ICB”) 

A civil suit was filed in the Malaysian Courts on 21 October 2022 by ASPL M9 Limited, a subsidiary 
of  the  Company,  against  ICB.  The  suit  relates  to  the  Joint  Venture  Agreement  between  ASPL  M9 
Limited, ICB and Urban DNA Sdn Bhd (an indirect subsidiary of the Company) for the development 
and construction of the RuMa Hotel & Residences. 

Claim Against Ireka Engineering & Construction Sdn Bhd (“IECSB”) 

A  civil  suit  was  filed  in  the  Malaysian  Courts  on  2  August  2022  by  Amatir  Resources  Sdn  Bhd 
(“ARSB”,  an  indirect  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  the  Company)  against  IECSB  (a  wholly  owned 
subsidiary  of  ICB).    Since  filing  the  claim,  an  interim  liquidator  has  been  appointed  for  IECSB 
according  to  the  announcement  at  the  Bursa  Malaysia  dated  27  March  2023  with  reference  to  a 
creditor’s voluntary winding up.  For details, please refer to the aforementioned announcement at: 

https:/www.bursamalaysia.com/market_information/announcements/company_announcement/annou
ncement_details?ann_id=3339385 

On 19 April 2023, ARSB obtained Judgment in Default against IECSB for the sum of RM 7,198,890 
(approximately US$1.6 million) and interest thereon at the rate of 8% per annum calculated on a daily 
basis from 1st January 2020 to the date of full payment.   

RESULTS AND DIVIDENDS 

The results for the year ended 31 December 2022 are set out in the attached financial statements. 

No dividends were declared nor paid during the financial year under review. 

SHARE CAPITAL 

No shares were issued in 2022.  Further details on share capital are stated in Note 23 to the financial 
statements. 

DIRECTORS 

The following were Directors of Aseana who held office throughout the financial year and up to the 
date of this report:  

  Nicholas John Paris - Chairman 
  Thomas Holland 
  Monica Lai Voon Huey 
  Hock Chye Tan (appointed 3 March 2023) 
  Helen Wong Siu Ming 

DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS 

The interests of the directors in the Company’s shares as at 31 December 2022 and as at the date of 
this report were as follows: 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTOR 

Nicholas John Paris 
Christopher Henry Lovell 
Monica Lai Voon Huey 

ORDINARY SHARES OF US$0.05 EACH 
As at 31 Dec 2021 
26,644,192 
48,000 
36,628,282 

As at 31 Dec 2022 
- 
- 
36,628,282 

Notes:  Nicholas  John  Paris  is  no  longer  associated  with  the  holdings  of  clients  of  LIM  Advisors 
Limited.  Christopher Henry Lovell ceased to be a director during the year.  Monica Lai Voon Huey 
is associated with the holdings of Legacy Essence Limited. 

None of the other directors in office at the end of the financial year had any interest in shares in the 
Company during the financial year. 

MANAGEMENT 

The routine operations of the Company are supervised by the Chairman and the Board with a small 
team of finance professionals were directly engaged to run our finances and operations.  Ms Helen 
Wong was nominated as the Divestment Director with a specific focus to sell the Company’s remaining 
assets, in line with the Divestment Policy. 

EMPLOYEES 

The Company had no executive Directors during the year, and a team of four finance professionals 
were engaged to run our finances and operations.  The subsidiaries of the Group had a total of 239 
employees as at 31 December 2022, of which 22 and 213 were employed by (i) the Sandakan hotel 
asset  and  Harbour  Mall  Sandakan,  and  (ii)  The  RuMa  Hotel  and  Residences  in  Kuala  Lumpur 
respectively. 

GOING CONCERN  

The Company will continue until May 2023 at which time another continuation vote will be held by 
shareholders.  In connection with, or at the same time as, the proposal that the Company be wound up 
voluntarily the Board shall be entitled to make proposals for the reconstruction of the Company.  Until 
then, the Company will continue to seek to dispose of its assets in a measured manner. 

As disclosed in Note 2.1 to the financial statements, it refers to the assumptions made by the Directors 
including the uncertainty regarding the divestment of certain assets will be completed as planned and 
the  loans  and  borrowing  can  be  discharged  in  a  timely  manner  when  concluding  that  it  remains 
appropriate to prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis. 

CREDITORS PAYMENT POLICY 

The  Group’s  operating  companies  are  responsible  for  agreeing  on  the  terms  and  conditions  under 
which business transactions with their suppliers are conducted.  It is the Group’s policy that payments 
to  suppliers  are  made  in  accordance  with  all  relevant  terms  and  conditions.    Trade  creditors  at  31 
December 2022 amounted to 349 days (2021: 591 days) of property development cost and interest 
expenses accrued by the Group. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The  Group’s  principal  financial  instruments  comprise  cash  balances,  balances  with  related  parties, 
other payables, receivables and loans and borrowings that arise in the normal course of business.  The 
Group’s Financial and Capital Risk Management Objectives and Policies are set out in Note 4.1 to the 
financial statements. 

DIRECTORS’ LIABILITIES 

Subject to the conditions set out in the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991 (as amended), the Company has 
arranged appropriate Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance to indemnify the Directors against 
liability in respect of proceedings brought by third parties.  Such provisions remain in force at the date 
of this report. 

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  annual  report  and  the  financial  statements  in 
accordance with applicable law and regulations.  Companies (Jersey) Law 1991 requires the Directors 
to prepare financial statements for each financial year.  Under that law the Directors are required to 
prepare  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards 
(“IFRSs”) as adopted by European Union. 

Under company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied 
that they give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and of the profit or loss 
of the Group for that year.  In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 
  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable, relevant and reliable; 
  ensure that the financial statements comply with IFRSs; and 
  prepare  the  financial  statements  on  the  going  concern  basis,  unless  it  is  inappropriate  to 

presume that the Group and the Company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain  the  Group’s  transactions  and  disclose  with  reasonable  accuracy  at  any  time  the  financial 
position  of  the  Group  and  to  enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  statements  comply  with  the 
Companies (Jersey) Law 1991.  The Directors are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 
Group  and  hence  for  taking  reasonable  steps  for  the  prevention  and  detection  of  fraud  and  other 
irregularities. 

The Directors are also responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the Company’s website on the 
internet.  However, information is accessible in many different countries where legislation governing 
the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from that applicable in the United 
Kingdom and Jersey. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Directors of the Company confirm that to the best of their knowledge that: 

 

 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards as adopted by the European Union, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, 
financial position and profit or loss of the Group; and 

the  sections  of  this  Report,  including  the  Chairman’s  Statement,  Director’s  Review,  Financial 
Review and Principal Risks and Uncertainties, which constitute the management report include a 
fair review of all information required to be disclosed by the Disclosure and Transparency Rules 
4.1.8 to 4.1.11 issued by the Financial Services Authority of the United Kingdom. 

DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITOR 

So far as each person who was a Director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no 
relevant audit information, being information needed by the auditor in connection with preparing its 
report, of which the auditor is unaware.  Having made enquiries of fellow Directors, each Director has 
taken all the steps that he is obliged to take as a Director in order to have made himself aware of any 
relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information. 

RE-APPOINTMENT OF AUDITOR 

The auditor, PKF Littlejohn LLP, has expressed their willingness to continue in office.  A resolution 
proposing their re-appointment will be tabled at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting. 

BOARD COMMITTEES 

Information on the Audit Committee is included in the Corporate Governance section of the Annual 
Report on pages 24 to 31. 

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING  

The tabling of the 2022 Annual Report and Financial Statements to shareholders will be at an Annual 
General Meeting (“AGM”) that is currently expected to be held on 30 May 2023. 

During the AGM, investors will be given the opportunity to question the board and to meet with them 
thereafter.  They will be encouraged to participate in the meeting. 

On behalf of the Board 

THOMAS HOLLAND 
Non-Executive Independent Director 

28 April 2023 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION 

DIRECTORS’ EMOLUMENTS 

The  Company  has  no  executive  Directors,  solely  a  few  employees  who  are  mainly  focused  on  the 
divestment process.  The Independent Directors in the Board of Directors are responsible for setting 
the  framework  and  reviewing  compensation  arrangements  for  all  non-executive  Directors  before 
recommending  the  same  to  the  Board  for  approval.    The  Independent  Directors  assess  the 
appropriateness of the emoluments on an annual basis by reference to comparable market conditions 
with the overall objective of ensuring maximum stakeholder benefit from the retention of a high calibre 
Board. 

During  the  year,  the  Directors  received  the  following  emoluments  in  the  form  of  fees  from  the 
Company: 

Directors 

Nicholas John Paris 
(Chairman of the Board) 

Year ended 
31 December 2022 
(US$) 

Year ended 
31 December 2021 
(US$) 

70,000 

70,000 

Helen Wong Siu Ming 
(Chairman of the Audit Committee) 

77,000 

77,105 

Thomas Holland 

Monica Lai Voon Huey 

Christopher Henry Lovell1 

48,000 

48,000 

22,286 

48,058 

48,000 

48,082 

1  Christopher Lovell was not re-elected at the Company’s 2022 Annual General Meeting on 17 June 2022. 

SHARE OPTIONS 

The Company did not operate any share option schemes during the years ended 31 December 2021 
and 2022. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SHARE PRICE INFORMATION 

  High for the year  
  Low for the year  
  Close for the year 

- 
- 
- 

US$0.20 
US$0.12 
US$0.14 

PENSION SCHEMES 

No pension schemes exist in the Company. 

SERVICE CONTRACTS 

In view of the non-executive nature of the directorships, there are no service contracts in existence 
between  the  Company  and  any  of  the  Directors.    Each  Director  was  appointed  by  a  letter  of 
appointment that states his appointment subject to the Articles of Association of the Company which 
set out the main terms of his appointment. 

THOMAS HOLLAND 
Non-executive Independent Director 

28 April 2023 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT 

The Financial Conduct Authority requires all companies with a Premium Listing to comply with The 
UK Corporate Governance Code (the “Code”).  Aseana Properties is a Jersey incorporated company 
with a Standard Listing on the UK Listing Authority’s Official List and is therefore not subject to the 
Code.  The following explains how the principles of governance are applied to the Company. 

THE BOARD 

The  Company  currently  has  a  Board  of  five  non-executive  directors,  including  the  non-executive 
Chairman. 

The brief biographies of the following Directors appear on pages 14 to 15 of this Annual Report: 

  Nicholas John Paris (Non-Executive Chairman) 
  Thomas Holland 
  Monica Lai Voon Huey 
  Hock Chye Tan (appointed 3 March 2023) 
  Helen Wong Siu Ming 

The routine operations of the Company are supervised by the Chairman and the Board and a team of 
finance professionals were directly engaged to run our finances and operations.  Ms Helen Wong was 
nominated as the Divestment Director with a specific focus to sell the Company’s remaining assets, in 
line with the Divestment Policy. 

ROLE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

The  Board’s  role  is  to  provide  entrepreneurial  leadership  to  the  Company,  within  a  framework  of 
prudent  and  effective  controls,  enabling  risks  to  be  assessed  and  managed.    The  Board  sets  the 
Company’s  strategic  objectives,  monitors  and  reviews  the  Company’s  operational  and  financial 
performance, ensures the Company has sufficient funding, and examines and approves disposal of the 
Company’s assets in a controlled, orderly and timely manner.  The Board also sets the Company’s 
values and standards and ensures that its obligations to its shareholders and other stakeholders are met.  
The Board has adopted a divestment strategy since 2015. 

Appropriate level of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance is maintained by the Company. 

The Board currently has the power to make purchases on behalf of the Company of its own Ordinary 
Shares provided up to a maximum aggregate 29,783,780 Ordinary Shares (representing approximately 
14.99  percent  of  the  Company’s  issued  ordinary  share  capital  (excluding  ordinary  shares  held  in 
treasury)). 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

The Board meets at least four (4) times a year and at such other times as the Chairman shall require.  
During the year ended 31 December 2022, the Board met ten (10) times and their respective attendance 
are as follows: 

Name of Directors 

Nicholas John Paris 
Thomas Holland 
Monica Lai Voon Huey 
Christopher Henry Lovell 
Helen Wong Siu Ming 

Attendance 

10/10 
9/9 * 
9/9 * 
5/5 
9/9 * 

*   Each of Thomas Holland, Monica Lai Voon Huey, Helen Wong Siu Ming were excused from one 

of the meetings during the year due to potential conflicts of interest 

Hock Chye Tan was appointed to the Board in March 2023 and therefore does not appear in the above. 

To enable the Board to discharge its duties effectively, all Directors receive accurate, timely and clear 
information,  in  an  appropriate  form  and  quality,  including  Board  papers  distributed  in  advance  of 
Board meetings.  The Board periodically will receive presentations at Board meetings relating to the 
Company’s business and operations, significant financial, accounting and risk management issues.  All 
Directors  have  access  to  the  advice  and  services  of  the  Company  Secretary  and  advisers,  who  are 
responsible  to  the  Board  on  matters  of  corporate  governance,  board  procedures  and  regulatory 
compliance. 

BOARD BALANCE AND INDEPENDENCE 

Following the resignation of our former Development Manager as of 30 June 2019, ASEANA has 
been  a  self-managed  company.    The  Board  consists  solely  of  non-executive  directors  of  which 
Nicholas Paris is the non-executive Chairman.  Monica Lai Voon Huey is a representative of Legacy 
Essence Limited and she was a representative of Ireka Corporation Berhad until her resignation from 
the latter’s Board in November 2021; she is therefore classified as a Non-Independent Non-Executive 
Director of the Company.  The Board considers the majority of Directors to be independent, being 
independent of management and also having no business relationships which could interfere materially 
with the exercise of their judgement. 

The Chairman is responsible for leadership of the Board, ensuring effectiveness in all aspects of its 
role and setting its agenda.  Matters referred to the Board are considered by the Board as a whole and 
no  individual  has  unrestricted  powers  of  decision.    Together,  the  Directors  bring  a  wide  range  of 
experience and expertise in business, law, finance and accountancy, which are required to successfully 
direct and supervise the business activities of the Company. 

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL 

The Board undertakes an annual evaluation of its own performance and that of its Committees and 
individual Directors.  During 2022, the evaluation concluded that the performance of the Board, its 
Committees and each individual Director was and remains effective and that all Directors demonstrate 
full commitment in their respective roles.  The Directors are encouraged to continually attend training 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
courses at the Company’s expense to enhance their skills and knowledge in matters that are relevant 
to  their  role  on  the  Board.    The  Directors  also  receive  updates  on  developments  of  corporate 
governance,  the  state  of  economy,  management  strategies  and  practices,  laws  and  regulations,  to 
enable effective functioning of their roles as Directors. 

RE-ELECTION OF DIRECTORS 

The Company’s Articles of Association states that all Directors shall submit themselves for election 
at the first opportunity after their appointment, and shall not remain in office for longer than three 
years  since  their  last  election  or  re-election  without  submitting  themselves  for  re-election.    At  the 
Annual  General  Meeting  held  on  17  June  2022,  Christopher  Lovell  retired  by  rotation  and  offered 
himself for re-election by the shareholders. He was not re-elected at the AGM. 

At the forthcoming Annual General Meeting, Hock Chye Tan will be offering himself for re-election 
having  recently  been  appointed,  and  Nicholas  John  Paris  will  be  retiring  by  rotation  and  offering 
himself for re-election.  

BOARD COMMITTEES 

The Board has established Audit Committees which deals with the specific aspect of the Company’s 
affairs, under a written term of reference which is reviewed annually.  Necessary recommendations 
are  then  made  to  the  Board  for  its  consideration  and  decision-making.    No  one,  other  than  the 
committee chairman and members of the relevant committee, is entitled to be present at a meeting of 
board  committees,  but  others  may  attend  at  the  invitation  of  the  board  committees  for  presenting 
information concerning their areas of responsibility.  Copies of the terms of reference are kept by the 
Company Secretary and are available on request at the Company’s registered office at Osprey House, 
Old Street, St. Helier, Jersey, JE2 3RG, Channel Islands. 

AUDIT COMMITTEE 

The Audit Committee consists of three members and is currently chaired by Helen Wong.  The other 
members  are  Thomas  Holland  and  Hock  Chye  Tan  (appointed  in  March  2023).    The  Committee 
members have no links with the Company’s external auditor and Helen Wong, Thomas Holland and 
Hock Chye Tan are independent Directors.  The Board considers that collectively the Audit Committee 
has sufficient recent and relevant financial experience with the ability to discharge its duties properly, 
through extensive service on the Boards and Audit Committees of other listed companies. 

MEETINGS OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE 

The  Committee  meets  at  least  twice  a  year  and  at  such  other  times  as  the  Chairman  of  the  Audit 
Committee shall require.  Any member of the Audit Committee or the auditor may request a meeting 
if  they  consider  that  one  is  necessary.    The  Committee  met  two  times  during  the  year  and  their 
respective attendance are as follows: 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name 

Attendance 

Helen Wong Siu Ming  
Christopher Henry Lovell (Not re-elected on 17 June 2022) 
Thomas Holland 

2/2 
1/1 
2/2 

Hock Chye Tan was appointed to the Audit Committee in March 2023 and therefore does not appear 
in the above. 

Representatives of the auditor may attend by invitation. 

The Committee is responsible for: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

monitoring,  in  discussion  with  the  auditor,  the  integrity  of  the  financial  statements  of  the 
Company, any formal announcements relating to the Company’s financial performance and 
reviewing significant financial reporting judgements contained in them; 

reviewing the Company’s internal financial controls and risk management systems; 

making  recommendations  to  the  Board  in  relation  to  the  appointment,  re-appointment  and 
removal of the external auditor and approving the remuneration and terms of engagement of 
the external auditor to be put to the shareholders for their approval in general meetings; 

reviewing  and  monitoring  the  external  auditor’s  independence  and  objectivity  and 
effectiveness of the audit process, the Audit Committee recognises that the Code and AIC Code 
provisions  for  FTSE  350  companies  to  put  the  external  audit  contract out  to  tender  at  least 
every 10 years.  Though the Company is not a member of the FTSE 350, the Audit Committee 
considers this to be best practice (the current auditor has been the auditor since 2020);  

developing and implementing policy on engagement of the external auditor to supply non-audit 
services; and 

reporting to the Board any matters in respect of which it considers that action or improvement 
is needed and making recommendations as to the steps to be taken. 

Since the start of the financial year ending 31 December 2022, the Audit Committee performed its 
duties as set out in the terms of reference.  The main activities carried out by the Audit Committee 
encompassed the following: 

 

 

 

 

reviewing the audit plan with the Group’s Auditor; 

reviewing and discussing the Audit Committee Report with the Group’s Auditor; 

reviewing  the  draft  Audited  Financial  Statements  as  contained  in  the  draft  Annual  Report 
together with the Group’s Auditor before tabling to the Board for consideration and approval; 

reviewing  other  published  financial  information  including  the  half  year  results  and  results 
announcements before tabling to the Board for consideration and approval; 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

considering the independence of the auditor; and 

reviewing the auditor’s performance and made a recommendation for the reappointment of the 
Group’s auditor by shareholders. 

The Significant Issues 

The  Audit  Committee  considered  the  following  key  issues  in  relation  to  the  Group’s  financial 
statements during the year:  

 

 

 

valuation of inventory assets - The Audit Committee considered and discussed the valuation of 
the Group’s inventory assets as at 31 December 2022 and to identify potential impairment. 

impairment  of  receivables  from  a  related  party  -  The  Audit  Committee  noted  that  a  related 
party to the Group, which the Group maintained receivable balances with, had entered Judicial 
Management due to financial distress. Consequently, the recoverability of the balances was 
considered doubtful and full impairment has been made on the balances. 

going concern - The Audit Committee considered the Company’s financial requirements for 
the next 12 months and concluded that it has sufficient resources to meet its commitments and 
any outstanding loan covenants. Consequently, the financial statements have been prepared on 
a going concern basis. 

NOMINATION & REMUNERATION COMMITTEE (“NRC”) 

The Nomination & Remuneration Committee was chaired by Christopher Lovell.  The other committee 
members were Monica Lai Voon Huey and Nicholas Paris.  The responsibilities of the NRC are stated 
below  and  upon  Christopher  Lovell’s  departure  in  June  2022  were  integrated  into  the  Board’s 
responsibilities.    Given  the  Company  is  currently  in  its  divestment  phase,  all  Directors  are  non-
executive on fixed fees.  For the same reason, a specific diversity and inclusion policy has not been 
applied.  However, it is considered that the Board has suitable gender balance and is suitably diverse. 

During the year ended 31 December 2022, the Nomination & Remuneration Committee carried out its 
functions as set out in its terms of reference which are summarised below: 

 

 

 

 

regularly reviewing the structure, size and composition (including diversity, skills, knowledge 
and experience) of the Board and making recommendations to the Board with regard to any 
change; 

considering  succession  plans  for  Directors  and  the  re-appointment  or  re-election  of  any 
Directors at the conclusion of their specified term of office or retiring in accordance with the 
Company’s Articles of Association; 

identifying and nominating for the approval of the Board, candidates to fill Board vacancies as 
and when they arise;  

considering any matter relating to the continuation in office of any Director at any time;  

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

determining and agreeing with the Board the framework for the remuneration of the Directors; 
and 

setting  the  remuneration  for  all  Directors  albeit  since  all  Directors  are  non-executive,  the 
principles of the Code in respect of executive directors’ remuneration are not applicable and as 
such there is no policy for executive compensation. 

FINANCIAL REPORTING 

The Board aims to present a fair, balanced and understandable assessment of the Company’s position 
and prospects in all reports to shareholders, investors and regulatory authorities.  This assessment is 
primarily provided in the half-yearly report and the Annual Report through the Chairman’s Statement, 
Financial Review Statement and Directors’ Report. 

The  Audit  Committee  has  reviewed  the  significant  reporting  issues  and  judgements  made  in 
connection with the preparation of the Group’s financial statements including significant accounting 
policies, significant estimates and judgements.  The Audit Committee has also reviewed the clarity, 
appropriateness and completeness of disclosures in the financial statements. 

INTERNAL AUDIT 

The Board has confirmed that the systems and procedures employed, provide sufficient assurance that 
a sound  system  of  risk management  and  internal  control is maintained.   An  internal  audit  function 
specific to the Company is therefore considered not necessary given the Company is in divestment 
phase of its life.  However, the Directors will continue to monitor if such need is required. 

AUDITOR 

The  Audit  Committee’s  responsibilities  include  monitoring  and  reviewing  the  performance  and 
independence  of  the  Company’s  Auditor,  PKF  Littlejohn  LLP  who  had  been  re-appointed  on  8 
December 2022. 

Pursuant to audit and ethical standards, the auditor is required to assess and confirm to the Board their 
independence, integrity and objectivity.  The Auditor had carried out this assessment and considered 
themselves  to  be  independent,  objective  and  in  compliance  with  the  Ethical  Standard  for  Auditors 
published by the UK Financial Reporting Council and the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute of 
Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. 

RISK MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL CONTROL 

The Board is responsible for the effectiveness of the Company’s risk management and internal control 
systems and is supplied with information to enable it to discharge its duties.  Such systems are designed 
to meet the particular needs of the Company and to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to 
meet business objectives and can only provide reasonable, and not absolute, assurance against material 
misstatement or loss. 

During  the  year,  the  Board  discharged  its  responsibility  for  risk  management  and  internal  control 
through the following key procedures: 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

clearly  defined  delegation  of  responsibilities  to  employees  of  the  Company,  including 
authorisation levels for all aspects of the business; 

regular and comprehensive information provided to the Board covering financial performance 
and key business indicators; 

a detailed system of budgeting, planning and reporting which is approved by the Board and 
monitoring of results against budget with variances being followed up and action taken, where 
necessary; and 

 

regular visits to operating units and projects by the Board. 

The Board has established frameworks, policies and procedures to comply with the requirement of the 
Bribery  Act  2010  (the  “Bribery  Act”)  and  Market  Abuse  Regulation  (“MAR”).    In  respect  of  the 
former, the Company has a legal and compliance function for the purposes of implementing the anti-
corruption  and  anti-bribery  policy.    Training  and  briefing  sessions  were  conducted  for  the  senior 
management and employees.  Compliance reviews are carried out as and when required to ensure the 
effectiveness of the policy.  In respect of dealing by employees and Directors of the Company, the 
Company  has  a  Dealing  Code  which  imposes  restrictions  on  dealings  in  its  securities  by  Persons 
Discharging Managerial Responsibilities (“PDMR”) and certain employees who have been told the 
clearance  procedures  apply  to  them.    The  Company  also  has  a  Group-Wide  Dealing  Policy  and  a 
Dealing Procedures Manual.  These policies have been designed to ensure that the PDMR and other 
employees of the Company and its subsidiaries do not misuse or place themselves under suspicion of 
misusing information about the Group which they have and which is not public. 

RELATIONSHIP WITH SHAREHOLDERS 

The Board is committed to maintaining good communications with shareholders and has designated 
the Chairman and certain members of its Board as the principal spokespersons with investors, analysts, 
fund managers, the press and other interested parties.  The Board is informed of material information 
provided  to  shareholders  and  is  advised  on  their  feedback.    The  Board  has  also  developed  an 
understanding  of  the  views  of  major  shareholders  about  the  Company  through  meetings  and 
teleconferences conducted by the financial adviser.  In addition, the Company seeks to regularly update 
shareholders through stock exchange announcements, press releases and participation in roadshows. 

To  promote  effective  communication,  the  Company  has  a  website,  www.aseanaproperties.com 
through which shareholders and investors can access relevant information. 

SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDERS 

The Board was aware of the following direct and indirect interests comprising a significant amount of 
more than 3% issued share capital of the Company as at 31 December 2022: 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ireka Corporation Berhad. 

Legacy Essence Limited and its related parties 

LIM Advisors 

SIX SIS 

Progressive Capital Partners 

Dr. Thong Kok Cheong 

Credit Suisse 

NUMBER OF 
ORDINARY 
SHARES HELD 

PERCENTAGE OF 
ISSUED SHARE 
CAPITAL 

45,837,504 

36,628,282 

26,644,192 

18,366,118 

14,393,372 

12,775,532 

12,024,891 

23.07% 

18.43% 

13.41% 

9.24% 

7.24% 

6.43% 

6.05% 

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (“AGM”) 

The AGM is the principal forum for dialogue with shareholders.  At and after the AGM, investors are 
given the opportunity to question the Board and seek clarification on the business and affairs of the 
Group.  Mr. Nicholas John Paris, non-executive Chairman and Mr. Christopher Lovell, non-executive 
independent director, attended the 2022 AGM, either in person or by telephone, which was held on 17 
June 2022 at the Company’s registered office. 

Notices of the  AGM  and  related papers are  sent  out to  shareholders in good  time to allow  for full 
consideration  prior  to  the  AGM.    Each  item  of  special  business  included  is  accompanied  by  an 
explanation of the purpose and effect of a proposed resolution.  The Chairman declares the number of 
votes received for, against and withheld in respect of each resolution after the shareholders and proxies 
present have voted on each resolution.  An announcement confirming whether all the resolutions have 
been passed at the AGM is made through the London Stock Exchange. 

On behalf of the Board 

NICHOLAS JOHN PARIS 
Chairman 

28 April 2023 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF ASEANA PROPERTIES 
LIMITED 

Opinion 

We  have  audited  the  financial  statements  of  Aseana  Properties  Limited  and  its  subsidiaries  (the 
‘group’)  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2022  which  comprise  the  Consolidated  Statement  of 
Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the Consolidated Statement 
of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows and notes to the financial statements, 
including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in 
their preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted 
by the European Union. 

In our opinion, the financial statements: 

  give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s affairs as at 31 December 2022 and of its 

loss for the year then ended; 

  have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; and 
  have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) 
and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of 
the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial 
statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed public interest entities, 
and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical  responsibilities  in  accordance  with  these  requirements.  We 
believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
opinion. 

Material uncertainty related to going concern 

We draw attention to note 2.1 in the financial statements, which indicates that the success of the group 
relies  on  its  ability  to  raise  sufficient  funds  through  project  divestments  in  order  to  finance  the 
operation of the group, as well as the result of the members’ dis-continuation vote to be held at the end 
of May 2023.  

As at 31 December 2022, the group’s loans, borrowings and medium term notes amounted to USD 
$32.9 million, of which the entirety is due for repayment by 8 December 2023.  

The economic consequences of the global pandemic have continued to adversely impact the interest 
of prospective buyers for the group’s remaining assets. Therefore, there is no certainty that the sale of 
the remaining assets will be completed as planned and the loans, borrowings including medium term 
notes can be repaid in a timely manner.  

As stated in note 2.1, these events or conditions indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may 
cast significant doubt on the group’s ability to continue as a going concern.  

Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.  

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the director’s use of the going concern 
basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the 
directors’ assessment of the group’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting 
included a review of management’s assessment of the going concern status of the group, including a 
cash  flow  forecast  for  the  twelve  months  from  the  anticipated  approval  of  the  group  financial 
statements. Our audit procedures included challenging the integrity of the underlying formulas and 
calculations within the going concern model; and reviewing the reasonableness of the key assumptions 
used by the directors to prepare the cash flow forecast. 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described 
in the relevant sections of this report. 

Our application of materiality 

The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative 
thresholds for materiality. These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the 
scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures on the individual financial 
statement line items and disclosures and in evaluating the effect of misstatements, both individually 
and in aggregate, on the financial statements as a whole. 

Overall materiality 
Performance materiality 
Basis of materiality 
Rationale 

Group financial statements 2021 
USD $1,400,000 
USD $840,000 
c. 0.7% of gross assets 

Group financial statements 2022 
USD $1,200,000 
USD $720,000 
c. 0.7% of gross assets 
A  key  determinant  of  the  group’s  value  is  property  assets  held  within 
inventory. Due to this, the key area of focus in the audit is the valuation 
of  inventory.  On  this  basis,  we  consider  gross  assets  to  be  a  critical 
financial performance measure for the group given that it is a key metric 
used by management, investors, analysts and lenders. 

We use performance materiality to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that the 
aggregate of uncorrected and undetected misstatements exceeds overall materiality. Specifically, we 
use performance materiality in determining the scope of our audit and the nature and extent of our 
testing of account balances, classes of transactions and disclosures, for example in determining 
sample sizes. 

For each component in the scope of our group audit, we allocated a materiality that is less than our 
overall group materiality. The range of materiality allocated across components was between USD 
$5,000 (2021: USD $40,000) and USD $630,000 (2021: USD $720,000). Certain components were 
audited to a local statutory audit materiality that was also less than our overall group materiality. 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them misstatements identified during 
our audit above USD $60,000 (2021: USD $70,000) as well as misstatements below those amounts 
that, in our view, warranted reporting for qualitative reasons. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our approach to the audit 

As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed risk of material misstatement 
in the financial statements. In particular, we looked at areas involving significant accounting estimate 
and judgment by the directors and considered future events that are inherently uncertain such as the 
carrying value of inventory. We also addressed the risk of management override of controls, including 
among other matters consideration of whether there was evidence of bias that represented a risk of 
material misstatement due to fraud. 

The group has nine trading companies consolidated within in the group financial statements, all of 
which are based in Malaysia. We identified seven significant components, which were subject to a full 
scope of audit. Significant Malaysian components were audited by the PKF network firm in Malaysia. 
We  reviewed  component  audit  working  papers  electronically.  In  addition  to  this,  significant 
components were subject to audits under our direction and supervision. 

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in 
our audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed 
risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had 
the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing 
the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the 
financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate 
opinion on these matters. In addition to the matter described in the material uncertainty related to going 
concern section we have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be 
communicated in our report. 

Key Audit Matter 

How our scope addressed this matter 

Carrying value of inventory 

Refer to note 20 Inventory.  

The  group  owns  a  portfolio  of  land  held  for 
property  development  and  completed  property 
units  in  Malaysia.  The  total  carrying  value  of 
inventory for the group was USD $132.6 million.  
Inventory amounted to USD $126.2 million was 
valued  by  third  party  valuers  C  H  Williams 
Talhar & Wong Sdn Bhd (“CBRE WTW”) and 
Knight  Frank  Malaysia  Sdn  Bhd  (“Knight 
Frank”), together “the valuers” who are engaged 
by the directors. 

The  valuation  report  issued  by  Knight  Frank 
dated 13 February 2023 shows a write down of 
c.  USD  $13.8  million  (2021:  c.  USD  $14.7 
million)  in  the  carrying  value  of  Sandakan 
Harbour  Square 
in  Malaysia.  The 
located 
valuation report issued by CBRE WTW dated 23 
March  2023  shows  a  write  down  of  c.  USD 

We performed testing of the inventory valuation 
and critically assessed the key assumptions and 
estimates  made.  The  procedures  performed  are 
summarised below:  

We  assessed  the  valuers’  qualifications  and 
expertise  and  read  their  terms  of  engagement 
with  the  group  to  determine  whether  there  are 
matters that might have affected their objectivity 
or  may  have  imposed  limitation  of  scope  upon 
their  work.  We  also  considered  fees  and  other 
contractual  arrangements 
that  might  exist 
between the group and the valuers. We found no 
evidence  to  suggest  that  the  objectivity  of  the 
valuers was compromised.  

We read all valuation reports including workings 
which 
realisable  value 
the  net 
support 
assessment of inventory.  

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$1.8m  in  the  carrying  value  of  RuMa  Hotel 
(excluding Services Residences). 

The  directors  had  been  in  discussions  with  a 
party  leading  up  to  the  year  end  and  on  17 
January 2023 the directors of Aseana Properties 
Limited  received  a  signed  Letter  of  Intent 
(“LOI”)  to  purchase  Sandakan  Harbour  Square 
and RuMa Hotel & Services Residences, subject 
to normal due diligence (“the Offer Price”). The 
Offer Price indicated an  impairment of c.  USD 
$8.6  million  to  the  carrying  value  of  the 
Sandakan Harbour Square and no impairment in 
respect  of 
the  RuMa  Hotel  &  Services 
Residences. The directors are of the opinion that 
the  Offer  Price  included  in  the  LOI  indicates  a 
fair  price  and  that  both  parties  are  actively 
seeking to agree contractual terms. The directors 
considered  the  Offer  Price  as  an  appropriate 
carrying value of the inventory at the year end. 
Directors  do  not  plan  to  dispose  any  of  the 
inventory with a price lower that that indicated 
by the LOI. As a result, an impairment charge of 
c.  USD  $8.6  million  is  recognised  against  the 
carrying value of the Sandakan Harbour Square. 

At 31 December 2022, goodwill valued at USD 
$578,000  arose  from  the  acquisition  of  ICSD 
Ventures Sdn. Bhd (the owner of the Sandakan 
Harbour  Square)  in  2009  was  not  impaired. 
Directors  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  value  of 
goodwill can be recovered via the disposal of the 
Sandakan  Harbour  Square 
the 
impairment charge stated above. 

despite 

A parcel of land located in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 
in Malaysia with a carrying value of USD $6.3 
million as at 31 December 2022 was not valued 
by any third party valuer.  
In addition to this, and consistent with the market 
conditions observed, we note there continued to 
be  a  higher  level  of  judgement  associated  with 
certain  asset  valuations,  notably  those  with  a 
significant  retail  and  hospitality  element.  The 
continuing  economic  consequences  of  COVID-
19  further  increased  judgment  in  relation  to 
assumptions around: 

- 
- 

occupier demand and solvency; 
asset liquidity; and 

Tested the underlying data used by the valuers in 
forming their valuation including benchmarking, 
validating  key  assumptions  to  supporting  third 
party 
and 
evidence  or  market 
considering contrary evidence.  

activity 

Assessed  and  challenged  the  key  estimates  and 
assumptions used in the valuation methodology, 
noted  and  performed  analysis  on  changes  from 
prior year where relevant.  

Evaluated  a  range  of  key  estimates  and 
assumptions used in the valuations and profit and 
cash flow forecasts.  

the  potential  buyer’s 

In  addition  to  the  above  work  on  the  valuation 
reports,  we  reviewed  the  signed  letter  of  intent 
stating 
in 
purchasing Sandakan Harbour Square and Ruma 
Hotel  and  Service  Residences.  Further,  we 
assessed  the  buyer’s  credentials  using  publicly 
available information. 

interest 

In respect of the land located in Kota Kinabalu, 
Sabah in Malaysia with a carrying value of USD 
$6.3 million as at 31 December 2022 where no 
third  party  valuation  has  been  carried  out,  our 
comparison  to  recent  sales  transactions  of  land 
assets  of  similar  characteristics  resulted  in  the 
conclusion of no indicator of impairment to the 
year-end carrying value existed. 

Except  for  the  issues  identified  in  relation  to 
Sandakan  Harbour  Square,  RuMa  Hotel  and 
Service Residences as well as the land located in 
Kota  Kinabalu,  Sabah,  we  concluded  that  the 
directors’ year end carrying value is supportable 
in light of the evidence. We note that the LOI is 
not  a  contractual  document.  Contractual  terms 
(in  any)  may  differ  materially  from  the  Offer 
Price. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- 

the  relative  impact  on  the  different  sectors 
including retail, hospitality and leisure. 

In  determining  the  carrying  value  of  inventory, 
the  valuers  take  into  account  property  specific 
information such as the current lease agreements 
and occupancy rates. They apply assumptions for 
yields and expected future income growth rates, 
which are influenced by prevailing market yields 
and comparable market transactions, to arrive at 
final valuation. 

in 

The  valuation  of  inventory  requires  significant 
judgment  and  estimation  by  management  and 
their  valuers. 
inputs  or 
Inaccuracies 
unreasonable  bases  used  in  these  judgements 
could  result  in  a  material  misstatement  in  the 
financial  statements.  There  is  also  a  risk  that 
management  may 
the  significant 
judgments and estimates in respect of inventory 
valuations in order to meet market expectations. 

influence 

The  significance  of  the  estimates  and  judgements 
involved,  coupled  with  the  fact  that  only  a  small 
percentage  difference  in  individual  valuations, 
when  aggregated,  could  result 
in  a  material 
misstatement, warranted specific audit focus in this 
area. 

Other information 

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial 
statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information 
contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other 
information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any 
form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing 
so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or 
our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If 
we  identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to 
determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, 
based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

We  have  nothing  to  report  in  respect  of  the  following  matters  in  relation  to  which  the  Companies 
(Jersey) Law 1991 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

  adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not 

 

been received from branches not visited by us; or 
the financial statements and the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited are not 
in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or  
  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of directors 

As explained more fully in the directors’ report, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the 
financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal 
control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s ability to 
continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the 
going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or to cease 
operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in  accordance  with ISAs  (UK)  will  always  detect a  material misstatement  when  it 
exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in 
the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken 
on the basis of these financial statements. 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design 
procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect 
of  irregularities,  including  fraud.  The  extent  to  which  our  procedures  are  capable  of  detecting 
irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: 

  We obtained an understanding of the group and the sector in which it operates to identify laws 
and  regulations  that  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  have  a  direct  effect  on  the  financial 
statements.  We  obtained  our  understanding  in  this  regard  through  discussions  with 
management, industry research, application of cumulative audit knowledge and experience of 
the sector. We also communicated relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud 
risks  to all engagement  team members including  the significant  component audit team,  and 
remained  alert  to  any  indicators  of  fraud  or  non-compliance  with  laws  and  regulations 
throughout the audit.  

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  We determined the principal laws and regulations relevant to the group in this regard to be 

those arising from: 

o  The Companies (Jersey) Law 1991; 
o  Disclosure and Transparency Rules; 
o  The Bribery Act 2010; 
o  Market Abuse Regulations; 
o  Anti-Money Laundering Legislation; 
o  Local Tax and Employment Law; and 
o  International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as adopted by European Union 

(“EU”) 

  We designed our audit procedures to ensure the audit team considered whether there were any 
indications of non-compliance by the group with those laws and regulations. These procedures 
included, but were not limited to: 

o  Making enquiries of management; 
o  Reviewing of minutes of board meetings; 
o  Reviewing of accounting ledgers; and  
o  Reviewing of RNS announcements 

  We also identified the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud. 
We considered, in addition to the non-rebuttable presumption of a risk of fraud arising from 
management override of controls, that the carrying value of inventory could indicate potential 
management bias. The potential for management bias was identified in relation to the carrying 
value of the inventory and we addressed this by challenging the assumptions and judgements 
made by management when auditing that significant accounting estimate.  

  As in all of our audits, we addressed the risk of fraud arising from management override of 
controls by performing audit procedures which included, but were not limited to: the testing of 
journals;  reviewing  accounting  estimates  for  evidence  of  bias;  and  evaluating  the  business 
rationale  of  any  significant  transactions  that  are  unusual  or  outside  the  normal  course  of 
business; and reviewing transactions through bank statements to identify potentially large and 
unusual transactions that do not appear to be in line with our understanding of the business 
operations. 

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, 
including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with 
regulation.  This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the 
events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware 
of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud 
rather  than  error,  as  fraud  involves  intentional  concealment,  forgery,  collusion,  omission  or 
misrepresentation. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the 
Financial  Reporting  Council’s  website  at:  www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This  description 
forms part of our auditor’s report. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the group’s members, as a body, in accordance with our engagement 
letter  dated  8  December  2022.    Our  audit  work  has  been  undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the 
group’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other 
purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone, 
other than the group and the group's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the 
opinions we have formed. 

Mark Ling (Engagement Partner)  
For and on behalf of PKF Littlejohn LLP 
Registered Auditor 

28 April 2023 

15 Westferry Circus 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 4HD 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022 

Notes 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
Restated * 
US$’000 

Continuing operations 
Revenue 
Cost of sales 
Gross profit 
Other income 
Administrative expenses 
Other operating expenses 
Gain on sale of discontinued operations 
Foreign exchange (loss)/gain 
Operating loss 
Finance income 
Finance costs 
Net finance costs 
Net loss before taxation 

from continuing operations 

Taxation 
Loss for the year from continuing 

operations 

5 
6 

7 
11 
11 
34 
8 

10 

11 
12 

Discontinued operations 
Loss for the year from discontinued operations 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax 
Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss 
Foreign currency translation differences 

980 
(640) 
340 
10,971 
(2,433) 
(26,085) 
2,702 
(1,695) 
(16,200) 
1,970 
(3,344) 
(1,374) 

(17,574) 
(302) 

(17,876) 

- 
(17,876) 

595 
(318) 
277 
5,677 
(1,408) 
(9,013) 
- 
345 
(4,122) 
1,969 
(3,621) 
(1,652) 

(5,774) 
(141) 

(5,915) 

(3,087) 
(9,002) 

for foreign operations 

Total other comprehensive  
 income for the year 
Total comprehensive loss 
for the year 

13 

13 

(2,459) 

(3,584) 

(2,459) 

(3,584) 

(20,335) 

(12,586) 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (CONT’D) 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022 

Notes 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
Restated * 
US$’000 

Loss attributable to: 

Equity holders of the parent company 
Loss for the year from continuing operations 
Loss for the year from discontinued operations 
Loss for the year attributable to  

equity holders of the parent company 

14 

Non-controlling interests 
Loss for the year from continuing operations 
Loss for the year from discontinued operations 
Loss for the year attributable to  
non-controlling interests 

15 

Loss for the year 

Total comprehensive loss attributable to: 

Equity holders of the parent company 
Loss for the year from continuing operations 
Loss for the year from discontinued operations 
Total comprehensive loss attributable to  
equity holders of the parent company 

Loss for the year from continuing operations 
Loss for the year from discontinued operations 
Total comprehensive loss attributable to  

non-controlling interests 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Loss per share  
Basic and diluted (US cents) 

- from continuing operations 
- from discontinued operations 

14 

(15,867) 
- 

(15,867) 

(2,009) 
- 

(2,009) 
(17,876) 

(4,122) 
(1,632) 

(5,754) 

(1,793) 
(1,455) 

(3,248) 
(9,002) 

(18,451) 
- 

(6,232) 
(2,719) 

(18,451) 

(8.951) 

(1,884) 
- 

(1,884) 
(20,335) 

(1,736) 
(1,899) 

(3,635) 
(12,586) 

(7.99) 
- 
(7.99) 

(2.08) 
(0.82) 
(2.90) 

* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 

The notes to the financial statements form an integral part of the financial statements. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2022 

Notes 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
Restated* 
US$’000 

1 Jan 2021 
Restated* 
US$’000 

Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets 
Right of use 
Deferred tax assets 
Total non-current assets 

Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Prepayments 
Current tax assets 
Assets held for sale 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets 

TOTAL ASSETS 

Equity 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Capital redemption reserve 
Translation reserve 
Accumulated losses 
Shareholders’ equity 
Non-controlling interests 
Total equity 

Non-current liabilities 
Trade and other payable 
Loans and borrowings 
Total non-current liabilities 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Amount due to non-controlling interests 
Loans and borrowings 
Medium term notes 
Total current liabilities 
Total liabilities 

16 
17 
18 
19 

20 
21 

34 
22 

23 
24 
25 
26 

15 

27 

27 
28 
29 
30 

79 
578 
- 
4,723 
5,380 

132,573 
11,575 
376 
10 
- 
7,259 
151,793 

104 
578 
1 
4,979 
5,662 

147,048 
14,799 
496 
781 
14,466 
7,114 
184,704 

121 
578 
160 
5,111 
5,970 

157,133 
14,999 
206 
956 
10,344 
5,388 
189,026 

157,173 

190,366 

194,996 

10,601 
208,925 
1,899 
(25,436) 
(122,781) 
73,208 
(5,404) 
67,804 

10,601 
208,925 
1,899 
(22,852) 
(106,904) 
91,659 
(2,646) 
89,013 

10,601 
208,925 
1,899 
(19,655) 
(101,160) 
100,610 
(7,189) 
93,421 

36,440 
- 
36,440 

18,089 
1,981 
1,595 
31,264 
52,929 
89,369 

38,339 
- 
38,339 

17,050 
1,952 
1,695 
42,317 
63,014 
101,353 

39,789 
1 
39,790 

17,757 
1,906 
1,922 
40,200 
61,785 
101,575 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

157,173 

190,366 

194,996 

* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The financial statements were approved on 28 April 2023 and authorised for issue by the Board and 
were signed on its behalf by 

THOMAS HOLLAND 
Director 

28 April 2023 

HELEN SIU MING WONG 
Director 

The notes to the financial statements form an integral part of the financial statements.

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022 

Consolidated 

Balance at 1 January 2021 

Correction or error (net of tax) (See Note 2.3(f)) 

As at the beginning of the financial year (restated *) 

Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries 

Non-controlling interests contribution 

Loss for the year (restated *) 

Total other comprehensive loss for the year 

Total comprehensive loss for the year (restated *) 

Disposal of subsidiaries 

As at 31 December 2021/ 1 January 2022  

As at 31 December 2021 / 1 January 2022 as originally 

presented 

Correction or error (net of tax) (See Note 2.3(f)) 
As at 31 December 2021 /  

1 January 2022 (restated *) 

Loss for the year 

Total other comprehensive loss for the year 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Sale of discontinued operations 

Redeemable 
Ordinary 
Shares 
US$’000 

10,601 

- 

10,601 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

10,601 

10,601 

- 

10,601 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Shareholders’ equity at 31 December 2022 

10,601 

-# 

- 

-# 

-  

-  

-  

-  

- 

-# 

-# 

- 

-# 

-  

-  

-  

- 

-# 

# Represents 2 management shares at US$0.05 each 
* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 
The notes to the financial statements form an integral part of the financial statements.

Management 
Shares 
US$’000 

Share 
Premium 
US$’000 

Capital 
Redemption 
Reserve 
US$’000 

Translation 
Reserve 
US$’000 

Accumulated 
Losses 
US$’000 

Total Equity 
Attributable to 
Equity Holders 
of the Parent 
US$’000 

208,925 

1,899 

(19,655) 

(100,433) 

101,337 

- 

- 

- 

(727) 

(727) 

Non- 
Controlling 
Interests 
US$’000 

(6,877) 

(312) 

Total Equity 
US$’000 

94,460 

(1,039) 

208,925 

1,899 

(19,655) 

(101,160) 

100,610 

(7,189) 

93,421 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(3,197) 

(3,197) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(5,754) 

- 

- 

(5,754) 

(3,197) 

(341) 

8,519 

(3,248) 

(387) 

(341) 

8,519 

(9,002) 

(3,584) 

(5,754) 

(10,210) 

(3,635) 

(12,586) 

- 

- 

208,925 

1,899 

(22,852) 

(106,914) 

91,659 

(2,646) 

89,013 

208,925 

1,899 

(22,852) 

(105,915) 

92,658 

- 

- 

- 

(999) 

(999) 

208,925 

1,899 

(22,852) 

(106,914) 

91,659 

(1,678) 

(968) 

(2,646) 

90,980 

(1,967) 

89,013 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(15,867) 

(15,867) 

(2,009) 

(17,876) 

(2,584) 

- 

(2,584) 

125 

(2,459) 

(2,584) 

(15,867) 

(18,451) 

(1,884) 

(20,335) 

208,925 

1,899 

(25,436) 

(122,781) 

73,208 

- 

- 

- 

(874) 

(5,404) 

(874) 

67,804 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities 
Net loss before taxation  

- Continuing operations 
- Discontinued operation 

Impairment of amount due from a related party 
Impairment of inventory 
Finance income 
Finance costs 
Loss on disposal of subsidiaries 
Unrealised foreign exchange loss/(gain) 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and 

right-of-use asset 

Operating loss before changes in working capital  
Changes in working capital: 
(Increase)/Decrease in inventories 
Decrease/(Increase) in trade and other receivables 

and prepayments 

Decrease in trade and other payables 
Cash (used in)/generated from operations 
Interest paid 
Tax (refunded)/paid 

Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash Flows From Investing Activities 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Proceeds from the sale of discontinued operations 
Finance income received 

Net cash from investing activities 

2022 
US$’000 

(17,574) 
- 

2,755 
8,620 
(1,970) 
3,344 
(2,702) 
1,688 

60 
(5,779) 

(1,671) 

15,985 
(7,448) 
1,087 
(6,034) 
428 

(4,519) 

(39) 
10,045 
508 

10,514 

2021 
Restated * 
US$’000 

(5,774) 
(3,087) 

- 
- 
(1,969) 
3,621 
- 
(346) 

207 
(7,348) 

4,660 

(3,341) 
(137) 
(6,166) 
(3,618) 
(46) 

(9,830) 

(42) 
- 
710 

668 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (CONT’D) 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022 

Cash Flows From Financing Activities 
Advances from non-controlling interests 
Issuance of ordinary share of subsidiaries to non-

controlling interests 

Repayment of finance lease liabilities 
Repayment of loans and borrowings 
Drawdown of loans and borrowings and Medium 

Term Notes 

Net cash generated from financing activities 
Net changes in cash and cash equivalents during 

the year 

Effect of changes in exchange rates 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the 

year 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year (i) 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
Restated * 
US$’000 

129 

- 
(14) 
(8,884) 

- 

121 

8,519 
(163) 
- 

3,559 

(8,769) 

12,036 

(2,774) 
2,919 

7,114 

7,259 

2,874 
(1,148) 

5,388 

7,114 

(i)  

Cash and Cash Equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents included in the consolidated statement of cash flows comprise the 
following consolidated statement of financial position amounts: 

Cash and bank balances 
Short term bank deposits 

Less: Deposits pledged (ii) 
Cash and cash equivalents 

2022 
US$’000 
4,786 
2,473 
7,259 
(2,473) 
4,786 

2021 
Restated * 
US$’000 
4,644 
2,470 
7,114 
(2,470) 
4,644 

(ii) 

Included  in  short  term  bank  deposits  and  cash  and  bank  balance  is  US$2,473,000  (2021: 
US$2,470,000) pledged for loans and borrowings and Medium Term Notes of the Group. 

* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 

The notes to the financial statements form an integral part of the financial statements. 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

Aseana Properties Limited (the “Company”) was incorporated in Jersey as a limited liability par 
value company.  The Company’s registered office is Osprey House, Old Street, St Helier, Jersey 
JE2 3RG. 

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial information of the Company and its 
subsidiary undertakings (together the “Group”).  Details of the entities of the Group are described 
in Note 32. 

The principal activities of the Group were the development of upscale residential and hospitality 
projects, sale of development land and operation and sale of hotel, mall and hospital assets in 
Malaysia and Vietnam.  It is currently carrying out its divestment program which consists of 
selling the Group’s remaining Malaysian assets, repaying its debts and distributing the remaining 
proceeds to its shareholders. 

The financial statements are presented in US Dollar (“US$”), which is the Group’s presentation 
currency.  All financial information is presented in US$ and has been rounded to the nearest 
thousand (US$’000), unless otherwise stated. 

2 

BASIS OF PREPARATION 

The  financial  statements  of  the  Group  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as adopted by European Union (“EU”), and IFRIC 
interpretations issued, and effective, or issued and early adopted, at the date of these financial 
statements. 

As permitted by Companies (Jersey) Law 1991 only the consolidated financial statements are 
presented. 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of estimates 
and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  at  the  date  of  the 
financial  statements  and  the  reported  amounts  of  expenses  during  the  reporting  period.  
Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of the amount, event or 
actions, actual results ultimately may differ from those estimates.  The Board has reviewed the 
accounting policies set out below and considers them to be the most appropriate to the Group’s 
business activities. 

A disposal group qualifies as a discontinued operation if it is a component of an entity that 
either has been disposed of, or is classified as held for sale and: 

(a) 
(b) 

(c) 

represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; 
is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or 
geographic area of operations; or 
is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. 

Discontinued  operations  are  excluded  from  the  results  of  continuing  operations  and  are 
presented  as  a  single  amount  as  profit  or  loss  after  tax  from  discontinued  operations  in  the 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
income statement.  Comparatives are also re-presented to reclassify disposed businesses or held 
for sale businesses which meet the criteria for discontinued operations. 

2.1  Going Concern 

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis and on the assumption 
that the Group is a going concern. 

The Directors expect to raise sufficient funds to finance the operation of the Group’s existing 
projects  via  the  disposal  of  its  development  assets  in  East  Malaysia,  its  existing  units  of 
residential apartment inventories at The RuMa Residences in West Malaysia, and through the 
disposals  of  the  Sandakan  hotel  asset  (formerly  Four  Points  Sheraton  Sandakan  Hotel),  the 
Harbour Mall Sandakan and the RuMa Hotel. 

The slow economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic and re-opening up of society in 
Malaysia  has  had  an  ongoing  impact  affecting  the  interest  of  prospective  buyers  for  our 
remaining  assets.  The  slow  recovery  casts  doubt  on  the  outlook  in  tourism  and  hospitality 
related businesses such as our hotel in Kuala Lumpur and our retail mall in Sandakan which 
was negatively affected.  Additionally, the Malaysian political landscape in 2022 was volatile 
until  the  general  election  in  November  2022  when  the  Pakatan  Harapan  formed  a  coalition 
government with other political parties. 

Given  the  challenges  in  engaging  with  prospective  buyers  during  a  time  of  economic 
uncertainty, the Directors decided to “roll-over” the medium term notes (“MTN’s) related to 
the Sandakan assets which were due to expire on 8 December 2022.  The “roll-over” of the 
MTN’s was completed prior to the expiry date and now has a maturity date of 8 December 
2023. The notes are “AAA” rated and secured by two completed inventories of the Group with 
carrying amount of US$45.6 million as at 31 December 2022. 

The  Group  has  prepared  and  considered  prospective  financial  information  based  on 
assumptions and events that may occur for at least 12 months from the date of approval of the 
financial statements and the possible actions to be taken by the Group.  Prospective financial 
information includes the Group’s profit and cash flow forecasts for the ongoing projects. 

In  preparing  the  cash  flow  forecasts,  the Directors  have considered the  availability  of cash, 
adequacy of bank loans and medium term notes and also the refinancing of the medium term 
notes (as described in Notes 29 and 30).  The Directors believe that the business will be able 
to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business for at least 12 
months from the date of the approval of these financial statements. 

The Directors anticipate the sale of the Group’s remaining assets, comprising the hotel asset 
and shopping mall in Sandakan, a plot of development land in Kota Kinabalu and the hotel and 
the remaining unsold residential units in Kuala Lumpur, can be sold as the economy gradually 
recovers in Malaysia. These asset sales will collectively enable the repayment of the Group’s 
bank debts as or before they fall due.  

In addition, as described in Note 2.1.1 below, on 28 May 2021, shareholders voted to extend 
the life of the Company by a further two years to May 2023 and a further dis-continuation vote 
will be put to shareholders by the end of May 2023. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
After considering the forecasts and the business risks, there is no certainty the divestment of 
certain assets will be completed as planned and the loans and borrowing can be discharged in 
a timely manner.  These conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty which may 
cast  significant  doubt  about  the  Group  and  the  Company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going 
concern. 

The Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue 
in operational existence for the foreseeable future.  For these reasons, they continue to adopt 
the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the annual financial statements. 

2.1.1  May 2021 Resolution 

At a general meeting of the Company held on 28 May 2021, Shareholders voted in favour of 
the Board’s proposals to reject the 2021 Discontinuation Resolution and enabled the Company 
to  continue  to  pursue  the  new  divestment  strategy  rather  than  placing  the  Company  into 
liquidation.  This should enable the realisation of the Company’s assets in a controlled, orderly 
and timely manner, with the objective of achieving a balance between periodically returning 
cash to Shareholders and maximising the realisation value of the Company’s investments. 

2.2 

Statement of Compliance 

A number of new standards and amendments to standards and interpretations have been issued 
by International Accounting Standards Board but are not yet effective and in some cases have 
not  yet  been  adopted  by  the  EU.    The  Directors  do  not  expect  that  the  adoption  of  these 
standards will have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group in future periods. 

2.3 

Use of estimates and judgements and errors 

The  preparation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires 
management  to  make  judgements,  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  application  of 
accounting  policies  and  the  reported  amounts  of  assets,  liabilities,  income  and  expenses.  
Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

Estimates  and  underlying  assumptions  are  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis.    Revisions  to 
accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any 
future periods affected. 

Information  about  critical  judgements  in  applying  accounting  policies  that  have  the  most 
significant  effect  on  the  amounts  recognised  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  are 
discussed below: 

(a) 

Going concern 

The  Extraordinary  General  Meeting  that  was  held  on  28  May  2021  extended  the 
Company’s life until May 2023 and the Directors anticipate holding a similar vote at 
that time.  It is too early to be able to forecast how the Company’s shareholders will 
vote on a continuation resolution which would be a special resolution needing to be 
passed by two-thirds majority of those voting.  The Company and the Group continue 
to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As described in Note 2.1 the Directors consider the Company to be a going concern 
while the Directors continue with the agreed divestment and realisation process in an 
orderly manner under their control and they expect to be able to continue to meet all 
finance obligations as they fall due. 

(b) 

Net realisable value of inventories 

The Group assesses the net realisable value of inventories under development, land held 
for development and completed properties held for sale according to their recoverable 
amounts  with  reference  to  the  realisability  of  these  properties,  taking  into  account 
estimated  net  sales  based  on  prevailing  market  conditions  supported  by  external 
valuations,  as  well  as  indicative  market  transaction  prices  on  an  arm’s  length  basis.  
Provision is made when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying 
amounts  may  exceed  net  realisable  value.    The  assessment  requires  the  use  of 
judgement and estimates in relation to factors such as sales prices, comparable market 
transactions, occupancy levels, projected growth rates, and discount rates. 

The methods and key assumptions in relation to the calculation of the net realisable 
value of inventories are described in Note 20.  At 31 December 2022, the carrying value 
of  inventories  were  approximately  US$133  million  (31  December  2021:  US$147 
million). 

(c) 

Revenue – sale and leaseback arrangements 

The Group entered into agreements with the buyers of The RuMa Hotel Suites in a sale 
and leaseback arrangement.  The sold hotel suites will be leased back to the Group for 
the hotel operation over the lease term period of 10 years. 

The  Group  considers  that  the  control  of  the  sold  hotel  suites,  under  the  sale  and 
leaseback arrangement, has yet to be transferred to the buyer and the transfer of the 
asset is therefore not a sale.  No revenue is recognised in the financial statements. 

The nature of this leaseback transaction represents, in substance, a temporary financing 
arrangement.  Any contractual payment made to the buyer was recognised as finance 
costs.    The  proceeds  of  the  revenue  received  from  these  buyers  were  recognised  as 
amounts  owed  to  contract  buyers,  amounted  to  US$36.4  million  and  is  disclosed  in 
Note 27. 

(d) 

Classification of assets as inventory 

The Directors apply judgements in determining the classification of the properties held 
by the Group.  As the Group’s principal activity was property development, the Group 
continues to classify its completed developments, namely the two hotels, and mall as 
inventories, in line with the Group’s intention to dispose of these assets rather than hold 
them  for  rental  or  capital  appreciation.    The  Group  operates  these  inventories 
temporarily to stabilise its operation while seeking a potential buyer. 

As described in the Notes 3.3(c) and (d), as a result of this classification all income 
generating from the operations of these developments is recognised as other income in 
Note 6. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(e) 

Global economic uncertainty 

Although  many  countries  around  the  globe  have  eased  their  COVID-19  pandemic 
responses during 2022, including the easing of temporary movement controls, travel 
restrictions and quarantine measures, the economic recovery remained vulnerable.  The 
slow economic recovery continued to affect supply chains and the production of goods 
and services and lower economic activity which is likely to result in reduced demand 
for the Group’s goods and services. Additionally with the ongoing Ukraine situation, 
high inflation and continued disruption of supply chains there is concern on the pace 
of the economic recovery.  

The Group exercises judgement, in light of all facts and circumstances, to assess what 
event  in  this  series  of  events  provides  additional  evidence  about  the  condition  that 
existed at the reporting date and therefore affects the recognition and measurement of 
the Group’s assets and liabilities at 31 December 2022. 

(f) 

Correction of material error in expense accrual 

In the post-year end period, the management became aware of the following in relation 
to prior financial years: 
(i)  An  understatement  in  accruing  guaranteed  rental  return  (“GRR”)  payable  to  the 
owners of certain sold and leased back hotel suites.  The error resulted in a material 
understatement  of  accrued  GRR  expense  recognised  for  the  2021  and  prior 
financial years and a corresponding understatement of net loss. 

(ii)  An understatement of accrued finance income from a related party in relation to the 
Group’s equity contribution to a non-wholly owned subsidiary and pursuant to the 
relevant Joint Venture Agreement (see Note 31).  The error resulted in a material 
understatement  of  finance  income  recognised  for  the  2021  financial  year  and  a 
corresponding overstatement of net loss. 

The errors have been corrected by restating each of the affected financial statement line 
items for the prior periods as follows:  

Consolidated Statement of  
Financial Position (Extract) 

Trade and other receivables 

Total Assets 

Accumulated losses 

Non-Controlling interests 

Total Equity 

Trade and other payables 

Total Equity and Liabilities 

31 
December 
2021 
US$’000 

13,540 

189,107 

(105,915) 

(1,678) 

90,980 

13,824 

189,107 

Increase / 
(Decrease) 
US$’000 

1,259 

1,259 

(999) 

(968) 

(1,967) 

3,226 

1,259 

31 
December 
2021 
(Restated) 
US$’000 

31 
December 
2020 
US$’000 

14,799 

14,999 

190,366 

194,996 

(106,914) 

(100,433) 

(2,646) 

89,013 

17,050 

(6,877) 

94,460 

16,718 

Increase / 
(Decrease) 
US$’000 

- 

- 

(727) 

(312) 

(1,039) 

1,039 

1 January 
2021 
(Restated) 
US$’000 

14,999 

194,996 

(101,160) 

(7,189) 

93,421 

17,757 

190,366 

194,996 

- 

194,996 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Extract) 

Other operating expenses 

Operating loss 

Finance income 

Finance costs 

Net finance costs 

Net loss before taxation from continuing operations 

Taxation 

Loss for the year from continuing operations 

Loss for the year from discontinued operations 

Loss for the year 

2021 
US$’000 

Increase / 
(Decrease) 
US$’000 

2021 
(Restated) 
US$’000 

(6,826) 

(1,935) 

710 

(3,621) 

(2,911) 

(4,846) 

(141) 

(4,987) 

(3,087) 

(8,074) 

(2,187) 

(2,187) 

1,259 

- 

1,259 

(928) 

- 

(928) 

- 

(928) 

(9,013) 

(4,122) 

1,969 

(3,621) 

(1,652) 

(5,774) 

(141) 

(5,915) 

(3,087) 

(9,002) 

Total other comprehensive income for the year 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

(3,584) 

(11,658) 

- 

(928) 

(3,584) 

(12,586) 

Loss attributable to: 

Equity holders of the parent company 

Loss for the year from continuing operations 

Loss for the year from discontinued operations 

Loss for the year attributable to equity holders of the parent company 

Non-controlling interests 

Loss for the year from continuing operations 

Loss for the year from discontinued operations 

Loss for the year attributable to non-controlling interests 

Loss for the year 

Total comprehensive loss attributable to: 

Equity holders of the parent company 

Loss for the year from continuing operations 

Loss for the year from discontinued operations 
Total comprehensive loss attributable to equity holders  

of the parent company 

Non-controlling interests 

Loss for the year from continuing operations 

Loss for the year from discontinued operations 

Total comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests 

Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Loss per share  
Basic and diluted (US cents) 

- from continuing operations 

- from discontinued operations 

(3,850) 

(1,632) 

(5,482) 

(1,137) 

(1,455) 

(2,592) 

(8,074) 

(272) 

- 

(272) 

(656) 

- 

(656) 

(928) 

(4,122) 

(1,632) 

(5,754) 

(1,793) 

(1,455) 

(3,248) 

(9,002) 

(5,960) 

(2,719) 

(272) 

- 

(6,232) 

(2,719) 

(8,679) 

(272) 

(8,951) 

(1,080) 

(1,899) 

(2,979) 

(11,658) 

(656) 

- 

(656) 

(928) 

(1,736) 

(1,899) 

(3,635) 

(12,586) 

(1.94) 

(0.82) 

(2.76) 

(0.14) 

- 

(0.14) 

(2.08) 

(0.82) 

(2.90) 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

3.1 

Basis of Consolidation 

(a) 

Business combinations 

Business  combinations  are  accounted  for  using  the  acquisition  method  as  at  the 
acquisition date, which is the date on which control is transferred to the Group.  For 
new acquisitions, the Group measures the cost of goodwill at the acquisition date as:  

•  
•  
•  

•  

the fair value of the consideration transferred; plus  
the recognised amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree; plus  
if  the  business  combination  is  achieved  in  stages,  the  fair  value  of  the  existing 
equity interest in the acquiree; less  
the net recognised amount (generally fair value) of the identifiable assets acquired 
and liabilities assumed. 

When  the  excess  is  negative,  a  bargain  purchase  gain  is  recognised  immediately  in 
profit or loss.  The consideration transferred does not include amounts related to the 
settlement  of  pre-existing  relationships.    Such  amounts  generally  are  recognised  in 
profit or loss. 

Transaction costs related to the acquisition, other than those associated with the issue 
of  debt  or  equity  securities,  that  the  Group  incurs  in  connection  with  a  business 
combination are expensed as incurred. 

Any contingent consideration payable is measured at fair value at the acquisition date.  
If  the  contingent  consideration  is  classified  as  equity,  then  it  is  not  remeasured  and 
settlement is accounted for within equity. 

Otherwise,  subsequent  changes  in  the  fair  value  of  the  contingent  consideration  are 
recognised in profit or loss. 

(b) 

Subsidiaries 

Subsidiaries  are  entities  controlled  by  the  Group.    The  financial  information  of 
subsidiaries  are  included  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  from  the  date  that 
control commences until the date that control ceases. 

The  accounting  policies  of  subsidiaries  have  been  changed  when  necessary  to  align 
them with the policies adopted by the Group. 

The Group controls an entity when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from 
its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its 
power over the entity.  Potential voting rights are considered when assessing control 
only when such rights are substantive.  The Group also considers it has de facto power 
over  an  investee  when,  despite  not  having  the  majority  of  voting  rights,  it  has  the 
current  ability  to  direct  the  activities  of  the  investee  that  significantly  affect  the 
investee’s return. 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c) 

Transactions eliminated on consolidation 

Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising 
from  intra-group  transactions,  are  eliminated  in  preparing  the  consolidated  financial 
statements.  Unrealised gains arising from transactions with equity-accounted investees 
are  eliminated  against  the  investment  to  the  extent  of  the  Group’s  interest  in  the 
investee.  Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but to 
the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. 

(d) 

Acquisition of non-controlling interests 

Acquisitions of non-controlling interests are accounted for as transactions with owners 
in  their  capacity  as  owners  and  therefore  no  goodwill  is  recognised  as  a  result.  
Adjustments to non-controlling interests arising from transactions that do not involve 
the  loss  of  control  are  based  on  a  proportionate  amount  of  the  net  assets  of  the 
subsidiary. 

3.2 

Foreign Currencies 

(a) 

Foreign currency transactions 

The consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollar (“US$”), 
which is the Group’s presentation currency.  Each entity in the Group determines its 
own functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each entity 
are  measured  using  that  functional  currency.    Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are 
translated to the respective functional currencies of the Group entities at exchange rates 
at the dates of the transactions.  Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign 
currencies  at  the  reporting  date  are  retranslated  to  the  functional  currency  at  the 
exchange rate at that date. 

Non-monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  that  are 
measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate 
at  the  date  that  the  fair  value  was  determined.    Non-monetary  items  in  a  foreign 
currency that are measured in terms of historical cost are translated using the exchange 
rate at the date of the transaction.  Foreign currency differences arising on retranslation 
are recognised in profit or loss, except for differences arising on the retranslation of 
available-for-sale  equity  investments,  which  are  recognised  in  other  comprehensive 
income. 

(b) 

Foreign operations 

The  assets  and  liabilities  of  foreign  operations,  including  goodwill  and  fair  value 
adjustments  arising  on  acquisition,  are  translated  to  US$  at  exchange  rates  at  the 
reporting date.  The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to US$ at 
exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. 

Foreign  currency  differences  are  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income  and 
presented in the foreign currency translation reserve (“translation reserve”) in equity.  
However, if the foreign operation is a non-wholly owned subsidiary, then the relevant 
proportionate  share  of  the  translation  difference  is  allocated  to  the  non-controlling 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
interest.  When a foreign operation is disposed of such that control, significant influence 
or joint control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that 
foreign operation is reclassified to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal.  
When  the  Group  disposes  of  only  part  of  its  interest  in  a  subsidiary  that  includes  a 
foreign  operation  while  retaining  control,  the  relevant  proportion  of  the  cumulative 
amount is reattributed to non-controlling interest.  When the Group disposes of only 
part of its investment in an associate that includes a foreign operation while retaining 
significant influence or joint control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount 
is reclassified to profit or loss. 

When  the  settlement  of  a  monetary  item  receivable  from  or  payable  to  a  foreign 
operation is neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable future, foreign exchange gains 
and  losses  arising  from  such  a  monetary  item  are  considered  to  form  part  of  a  net 
investment in a foreign operation and are recognised in other comprehensive income, 
and presented in the translation reserve in equity. 

3.3 

Revenue Recognition and Other Income 

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to 
the  Group  and  the  revenue  can  be  reliably  measured.    The  following  specific  recognition 
criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised: 

(a) 

Sale of completed properties 

Revenue  from  sale  of  completed  properties  is  recognised  when  effective  control  of 
ownership  of  the  properties  is  transferred  to  the  purchasers  which  is  when  the 
completion certificate or occupancy permit has been issued. 

(b) 

Sale of development properties 

Revenue from sale of development properties is recognised as and when the control of 
the asset is transferred to the buyer and it is probable that the Group will collect the 
consideration  to  which  it  will  be  entitled  in  exchange  for  the  asset  that  will  be 
transferred to the buyer.  In light of the terms of the contract and the laws that apply to 
the contract, control of the asset is transferred over time as the Group’s performance 
does  not  create  an  asset  with  an  alternative  use  to  the  Group  and  the  Group  has  an 
enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. 

Revenue  is  recognised  over  the  period  of  the  contract  by  reference  to  the  progress 
towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation.  This is determined based 
on the actual cost incurred to date to estimated total cost for each contract. 

Where the outcome of a contract cannot be reliably estimated, revenue is recognised to 
the extent of contract costs incurred that are likely to be recoverable.  Contract costs are 
recognised as expenses in the period in which they are incurred. 

When  it  is  probable  that  total  contract  costs  will  exceed  total  contract  revenue,  the 
expected loss is recognised as an expense immediately. 

(c) 

Rental income 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental income is recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.  
Lease incentives granted are recognised as an integral part of the total rental income, 
over the term of the lease.  Rental income is recognised as other income. 

(d) 

Income from hotel and mall operations 

Income  from  the  hotel  operations,  which  include  provision  of  rooms,  food  and 
beverage,  other  departments  sales  and  laundry  service  fees  are  recognised  when 
services are rendered.  Income from hotel operations is recognised as other income. 

Income from mall operations is recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over 
the term of the lease.  Lease incentives granted are recognised as an integral part of the 
total rental income, over the term of the lease.  Where a rent-free period is included in 
a lease, the rental income foregone is allocated evenly over the period from the date the 
lease commencement to the earliest termination date.  Income from mall operations is 
recognised as other income. 

(e) 

Interest income  

Interest income is recognised as it accrues using the effective interest method in profit 
or  loss  except  for  interest  income  arising  from  temporary  investment  of  borrowings 
taken specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset which is accounted for 
in accordance with the accounting policy on borrowing costs. 

3.4 

Property, Plant and Equipment 

All property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less depreciation unless otherwise stated.  
Cost includes all relevant external expenditure incurred in acquiring the asset. 

The  estimates  for  the  residual  values,  useful  lives  and  related  depreciation  charges  for  the 
property and equipment are based on commercial factors which could change significantly as 
a result of technical innovations and competitors’ actions in response to the market conditions.  
The  Group  anticipates  that  the  residual  values  of  its  property  and  equipment  will  be 
insignificant.    As  a  result,  residual  values  are  not  being  taken  into  consideration  for  the 
computation  of  the  depreciable  amount.    Changes  in  the  expected  level  of  usage  and 
technological development could impact the economic useful lives and the residual values of 
these assets, therefore future depreciation charges could be revised.  The carrying amount of 
property  and  equipment  as  at  the  reporting  date  is  disclosed  in  Note  16  to  the  financial 
statements. 

The cost of property, plant and equipment recognised as a result of a business combination is 
based on fair value at acquisition date.  The fair value of property is the estimates amount for 
which a property could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an arm’s length 
transaction  after  proper  marketing  wherein  the  parties  had  each  acted  knowledgeably, 
prudently and without compulsion.  The fair value of other items of plant and equipment is 
based on the quoted market prices for similar items when available and replacement cost when 
appropriate. 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method to 
allocate cost to their residual values over their estimated useful lives, as follows: 

•   Furniture, Fittings & Equipment 
•   Motor Vehicles  

4 - 33⅓% 
20% 

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the 
end of each reporting period. 

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s 
carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount as described in Note 3.10(b). 

The  gain  or  loss  on  disposal  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  is  determined  by 
comparing  the  proceeds  from  disposal  with  the  carrying  amount  of  property,  plant  and 
equipment  and  is  recognised  net  within  “other  income”  and  “other  operating  expenses” 
respectively in profit or loss. 

3.5 

Income Tax 

Income tax expense comprises current tax and deferred tax.  Current tax and deferred tax are 
recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or 
items recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income. 

Current  tax  is  the  expected  tax  payable  on  the  taxable  income  for  the  year,  using  tax  rates 
enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax 
payable in respect of previous years. 

Deferred  tax  is  recognised  using  the  liability  method,  providing  for  temporary  differences 
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the statement of financial position and 
their tax bases.  Deferred tax is not recognised for the following temporary differences: the 
initial recognition of goodwill, and the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction 
that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.  
Deferred  tax  is  measured  at  the  tax  rates  that  are  expected  to  be  applied  to  the  temporary 
differences  when  they  reverse,  based  on  the  laws  that  have  been  enacted  or  substantively 
enacted by the end of the reporting period. 

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  offset  if  there  is  a  legally  enforceable  right  to  offset 
current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority on 
the  same  taxable  entity,  or  on  different  tax  entities,  but  they  intend  to  settle  current  tax 
liabilities  and  assets  on  a  net  basis  or  their  tax  assets  and  liabilities  will  be  realised 
simultaneously. 

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits 
will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilised.  Deferred tax assets 
are reviewed at the end of each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer 
probable that the related tax benefit will be realised. 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.6 

Financial Instruments 

(a) 

Non-derivative financial assets 

The Group initially recognises loans and receivables and deposits on the date that they 
are originated.  All other financial assets are recognised initially on the trade date, which 
is  the  date  that  the  Group  becomes  a  party  to  the  contractual  provisions  of  the 
instrument. 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement 
of  financial  position  when,  and  only  when,  the  Group  has  a  legal  right  to  offset  the 
amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the 
liability simultaneously. 

The  Group  classifies  non-derivative  financial  assets  into  the  following  categories: 
loans and receivables. 

(i)  Loans and receivables 

Loans and receivables are held with an objective to collect contractual cash flows 
which  are  solely  payments  of  principal  and  interest  on  the  principal  amount 
outstanding.    Such  assets  are  recognised  initially  at  fair  value  plus  any  directly 
attributable  transaction  costs.    Subsequent  to  initial  recognition,  loans  and 
receivables are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less 
any impairment losses.  Loans and receivables comprise cash and cash equivalents 
and other receivables. 

Trade receivables are recognised initially at the transaction price and subsequently 
measured at amortised cost, less any impairment losses. 

(b) 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 

All financial liabilities are recognised initially on the trade date, which is the date that 
the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

The  Group  derecognises  a  financial  liability  when  the  contractual  obligations  are 
discharged, cancelled or expire. 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement 
of  financial  position  when,  and  only  when,  the  Group  has  a  legal  right  to  offset  the 
amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the 
liability simultaneously. 

The  Group  classifies  non-derivative  financial  liabilities  into  other  financial  liability 
category.  Such financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value plus any directly 
attributable transaction costs. 

Subsequent to initial recognition, these financial liabilities are measured at amortised 
cost using the effective interest method. 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other financial liabilities comprise loans and borrowings, bank overdrafts, and trade 
and other payables. 

Accounting for interest income and finance cost are discussed in Notes 3.3(e) and 3.12 
respectively. 

(c) 

De-recognition 

A  financial asset  or  part  of  it  is  derecognised  when,  and  only  when,  the  contractual 
rights  to  the  cash  flows  from  the  financial  asset  expire  or  the  financial  asset  is 
transferred  to  another  party  without  retaining  control  or  substantially  all  risks  and 
rewards of the asset.  On de-recognition of a financial asset, the difference between the 
carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received (including any new asset 
obtained less any new liability assumed) and any cumulative gain or loss that had been 
recognised in equity is recognised in profit or loss. 

A financial liability or a part of it is derecognised when, and only when, the obligation 
specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expire.  On de-recognition of a 
financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability 
extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any 
non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in profit or loss. 

3.7 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and at bank, deposits held at call and short 
term highly liquid investments that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and 
are used by the Group in the management of their short term commitments.  Bank overdrafts 
are included within borrowings in the current liabilities section on the statement of financial 
position.    For  the  purpose  of  the  statement  of  cash  flows,  cash  and  cash  equivalents  are 
presented net of bank overdrafts and pledged deposits. 

3.8 

Intangible Assets 

Intangible assets comprise licence contracts and related relationships and goodwill. 

(a) 

Goodwill 

Goodwill that arises upon the acquisition of subsidiaries is included in intangible assets.  
For the measurement of goodwill at initial recognition, refer to Note 3.1(a).  Goodwill 
is tested for impairment when there is an indicator of impairment.  The Group assesses 
the recoverable amount of goodwill by reference to the realisability of the properties of 
which the goodwill is attached to (refer to Note 17). 

Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an intangible asset, the 
impairment test is carried out on the smallest Group of assets to which it belongs for 
which there are separately identifiable cash flows; its Cash Generating Units (‘CGUs’).  
Goodwill  is  allocated  on  initial  recognition  to  each  of  the  Group’s  CGUs  that  are 
expected  to  benefit  from  a  business  combination  that  gives  rise  to  the  goodwill.  
Impairment charges would be included in profit or loss, except to the extent they reverse 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
gains  previously  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income.    An  impairment  loss 
recognised for goodwill is not reversed. 

The carrying values of assets, other than those to which IAS 36-Impairment of Assets 
does not apply, are reviewed at the end of each reporting period for impairment when 
an annual impairment assessment is compulsory or there is an indication that the assets 
might be impaired.  Impairment is measured by comparing the carrying values of the 
assets with their recoverable amounts.  When the carrying amount of an asset exceeds 
its  recoverable  amount,  the  asset  is  written  down  to  its  recoverable  amount  and  an 
impairment loss shall be recognised.  The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher 
of the asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use, which is measured by 
reference  to  discounted  future  cash  flows  using  a  pre-tax  discount  rate  that  reflects 
current  market  assessments  of  the  time  value  of  money  and the  risks  specific  to  the 
asset.  Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, 
the Group determines the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the 
asset belongs. 

An impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss immediately unless the asset is carried 
at  its  revalued  amount.    Any  impairment  loss  of  a  revalued  asset  is  treated  as  a 
revaluation decrease to the extent of a previously recognised revaluation surplus for the 
same  asset.    Any  impairment  loss  recognised  in  respect  of  a  cash-generating  unit  is 
allocated first to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the cash-generating 
unit on a pro rata basis. 

3.9 

Inventories 

Inventories  comprise  land  held  for  property  development,  work-in-progress  and  stock  of 
completed units. 

Inventories  are  stated  at  the  lower  of  cost  and  net  realisable  value.    Net  realisable  value 
represents the estimated net selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated total 
costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale (refer to Note 2.3(b)). 

Land held for property development consists of reclaimed land, freehold land, leasehold land 
and land use rights on which development work has not been commenced along with related 
costs on activities that are necessary to prepare the land for its intended use.  Land held for 
property  development  is  transferred  to  work-in-progress  when  development  activities  have 
commenced. 

Work-in-progress comprises all costs directly attributable to property development activities 
or that can be allocated on a reasonable basis to these activities. 

Upon completion of development, unsold completed development properties are transferred to 
stock of completed units. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.10 

Impairment 

(a) 

Loans and receivables 

The  Group  considers  evidence  of impairment for  loans  and  receivables at  a  specific 
asset  level.    All  individually  significant  receivables  are  assessed  for  specific 
impairment. 

An impairment loss in respect of loans and receivables is recognised in profit or loss 
and is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present 
value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that had not been 
incurred) discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate.  The carrying amount 
of the asset is reduced and the loss is recognised in the statement of comprehensive 
income within administrative expenses. 

When a subsequent event (e.g. repayment by a debtor) causes the amount of impairment 
loss to decrease, the decrease in impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.  The 
impairment loss is reversed, to the extent that the debtor’s carrying amount does not 
exceed  what  the  carrying  amount  would  have  been  had  the  impairment  not  been 
recognised at the date the impairment is reversed. 

(b) 

Non-financial assets 

The carrying amounts of non-financial assets (except for inventories and deferred tax 
asset) are reviewed at the end of each reporting date to determine whether there is any 
indication of impairment. 

If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.  For the 
purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of 
assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of 
the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the “cash-generating unit”).  The 
goodwill acquired in a business combination, for the purpose of impairment testing, is 
allocated to cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the 
combination.  Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis. 

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its value in 
use and its fair value less costs to sell.  In assessing value in use, the estimated future 
cash  flows  are  discounted  to  their  present  value  using  a  pre-tax  discount  rate  that 
reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to 
the asset. 

An  impairment  loss  is  recognised  if  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  or  its  cash-
generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. 

Impairment losses  are recognised  in profit  or  loss.    Impairment losses  recognised  in 
respect of cash-generating units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any 
goodwill allocated to the units and then to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets 
in the unit (groups of units) on a pro rata basis. 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed.  For other assets, impairment 
losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at the end of each reporting period for 
any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists.  An impairment loss is 
reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable 
amount since the last impairment loss was recognised.  An impairment loss is reversed 
only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount 
that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment 
loss had been recognised.  Reversals of impairment losses are credited to profit or loss 
in the year in which the reversals are recognised. 

(c) 

Equity instruments 

Instruments classified as equity are measured at cost on initial recognition and are not 
re-measured subsequently. 

(i)  Ordinary shares 

Ordinary shares are redeemable only at the Company’s options and are classified 
as equity.  Distributions thereon are recognised as distributions within equity. 

(ii)  Management shares 

Management shares are classified as equity and are non-redeemable. 

3.11  Employee Benefits 

(a) 

Short-term employee benefits 

Short-term  employee  benefit  obligations  in  respect  of  salaries,  annual  bonuses,  paid 
annual leave and sick leave are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed 
as the related service is provided. 

A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonus 
or profit-sharing plans if the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay 
this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can 
be estimated reliably. 

(b) 

State plans 

Certain companies in the Group maintain a defined contribution plan in Malaysia and 
Vietnam for providing employee benefits, which is required by laws in Malaysia and 
Vietnam respectively.  The retirement benefit plan is funded by contributions from both 
the  employees  and  the  companies  to  the  employees’  provident  fund.    The  Group’s 
contributions to employees’ provident fund are charged to profit or loss in the year to 
which they relate. 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.12  Finance Costs 

Finance costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying 
assets, are capitalised to the cost of those assets.  Investment income earned on the temporary 
investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted 
from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation. 

Any unsold unit is not a qualifying asset because the asset is ready for its intended sale in its 
current condition.  The unsold unit fails to meet the definition of qualifying asset under IAS 23 
and accordingly, no capitalisation of borrowing costs. 

All sold units are not a qualifying asset to the developer as the control of the asset has been 
transferred to customers over time.  No capitalisation borrowing costs relating to assets that it 
no longer controls and recognises. 

All other finance costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred 
using the effective interest method. 

3.13  Commitments and Contingencies 

Commitments and contingent liabilities are disclosed in the financial statements and described 
in Note 33.  They are disclosed unless the possibility of an outflow of resources embodying 
economic benefits is remote.  A contingent asset is not recognised in the financial statements 
but disclosed when an inflow of economic benefits is probable. 

3.14  Segment Reporting 

Segmental information represents the level at which financial information is reported to the 
Board  of  Directors,  being  the  chief  operating  decision  makers  as  defined  in  IFRS  8.    The 
Directors  determine  the  operating  segments  based  on  reports  prepared  by  their  staff  for 
strategic decision making and resource allocation.  For management purposes, the Group is 
organised into project units as operation segments set out in Note 5.2. 

An operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from 
which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to 
transactions with any of the Group’s other components 

Segment capital expenditure is the total cost incurred during the year to acquire property, plant 
and equipment, and intangible assets other than goodwill. 

3.15  Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities 

A right-of-use asset and a lease liability are recognized at the commencement date of a lease.  
The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost comprising the initial amount of the lease 
liability  plus  payments  made  before  the  lease  commenced  and  any  direct  costs  less  any 
incentives received.  The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line 
method from the commencement of the lease to the earlier of the end of the lease term or the 
end of the useful life of the asset.  The right-of-use asset is also reduced for impairment losses, 
if any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease liability. 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  lease  liability  is  initially  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  lease  payments  at  the 
commencement date discounted using the Group’s incremental borrowing rate of between 1% 
and 6%, and is subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.  
The lease liability is re-measured when there is a change in the future lease payments, and a 
corresponding adjustment is made to the right-of-use asset. 

The Group has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short term 
leases of plant and machinery that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low 
value including leases of office equipment.  The lease payments associated with these leases 
are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 

3.16  Asset held for sale and discontinued operation 

(a) 

Asset held for sale 

An asset (or disposal group) is classified as held for sale if it is highly probable that its 
carrying  amount  will  be  recovered  through  a  sale  transaction  rather  than  through 
continuing  use  and  the  asset  (or  disposal  group)  is  available  for  sale  in  its  present 
condition. A disposal group is a group of assets to be disposed of together as a group in 
a  single  transaction,  and  liabilities  directly  associated  with  those  assets  that  will  be 
transferred in the transaction. 

When the Group is committed to a sale plan involving loss of control of a subsidiary, 
all the assets and liabilities of that subsidiary are classified as held for sale when the 
above criteria for classification as held for sale are met, regardless of whether the group 
will retain a non-controlling interest in the subsidiary after the sale. 

Immediately before classification as held for sale, the measurement of the assets (and 
all  individual  assets  and  liabilities  in  a  disposal  group)  is  brought  up-to-date  in 
accordance  with  the  accounting  policies  before  the  classification.  Then,  on  initial 
classification as held for sale and until disposal, the noncurrent assets (except for certain 
assets  as  explained  below),  or  disposal  groups,  are  recognised  at  the  lower  of  their 
carrying  amount  and  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell.  The  principal  exceptions  to  this 
measurement policy so far as the financial statements of the Group and the Company 
are concerned are deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits, financial 
assets  (other  than  investments  in  subsidiaries,  associates  and  joint  ventures)  and 
investment  properties.  These  assets,  even  if  held  for  sale,  would  continue  to  be 
measured in accordance with the policies set out elsewhere in Note 3.  

Impairment  losses  on  initial  classification  as  held  for  sale,  and  on  subsequent 
remeasurement while held for sale, are recognised in profit or loss. As long as a current 
asset is classified as held for sale, or is included in a disposal group that is classified as 
held for sale, the asset is not depreciated or amortised. 

An asset held for sale (or disposal group) is derecognized from the date that control 
ceases. 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b) 

Discontinued operation 

A discontinued operation is a component of the Group’s business, the operations and 
cash flows of which can be clearly distinguished from the rest of the Group and which 
represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, or is part 
of  a  single  co-ordinated  plan  to  dispose  of  a  separate  major  line  of  business  or 
geographical area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to 
resale. 

Classification as a discontinued operation occurs upon disposal or when the operation 
meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale (see (i) above), if earlier. It also occurs 
if the operation is abandoned. 

Where an operation is classified as discontinued, a single amount is presented on the 
face of the statement of profit or loss, which comprises: 

- 
- 

the post-tax profit or loss of the discontinued operation; and 
the post-tax gain or loss recognised on the measurement to fair value less costs to 
sell,  or  on  the  disposal  of  the  assets,  or  disposal  group(s)  constituting  the 
discontinued operation. 

4 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The  Group’s  principal  financial  instruments  comprise  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  trade  and 
other  receivables,  trade  and  other  payable,  amount  due  to  non-controlling  interest,  medium 
term  notes,  loan  and  borrowings.    The  Group’s  accounting  policies  and  method  adopted, 
including the criteria for recognition, the basis on which income and expenses are recognised 
in respect of each class of financial assets, financial liability and equity instrument are set out 
in Note 3.6. 

4.1 

Financial Risk Management Objectives and Policies 

The  Group’s  operations  and  debt  financing  arrangements  expose  it  to a  variety  of  financial 
risks: credit risk, liquidity risk and price risk (including foreign exchange risk, and interest rate 
risk).  The Group’s financial risk management policies and their implementation on a group-
wide basis are under the direction of the Board of Aseana Properties Limited. 

The Group’s treasury policies are formulated to manage the financial impact of fluctuations in 
interest rates and foreign exchange rates to minimise the Group’s financial risks.  The Group 
has  not  used  derivative  financial  instruments,  principally  interest  rate  swaps  and  forward 
foreign exchange contracts for hedging transactions.  The Group does not envisage using these 
derivative hedging instruments in the short term as it is the Group’s policy to borrow in the 
currency  to  match  the  revenue  stream  to  give  it  a  natural  hedge  against  foreign  currency 
fluctuation.  The derivative financial instruments will only be used under the strict direction of 
the Board.  It is also the Group’s policy not to enter into derivative transactions for speculative 
purposes. 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.2 

Credit Risk 

The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to deposits with banks and credit exposures to 
customers.  The Group has credit policies in place and the exposures to these credit risks are 
monitored  on  an  ongoing  basis.    The  Group  manages  its  deposits  with  banks  and  financial 
institutions  by  monitoring  credit  ratings  and  limiting  the  aggregate  risk  to  any  individual 
counterparty.  At 31 December 2022, 100% (2021: 100%) of deposits and cash balances were 
placed at banks and financial institutions with credit ratings of no less than A (Moody’s Rating 
Agency  Malaysia).    Management  does  not  expect  any  counterparty  to  fail  to  meet  its 
obligations. 

The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses which 
uses a lifetime expected loss allowance for all trade receivables and contract assets. 

To measure the expected credit losses, trade receivables and contract assets have been grouped 
based on shared credit risk characteristics and the days past due.  The contract assets relate to 
unbilled  work  in  progress  and  have  substantially  the  same  risk  characteristics  as  the  trade 
receivables  for  the  same  types  of  contracts.    The  Group  has  therefore  concluded  that  the 
expected loss rates for trade receivables are a reasonable approximation of the loss rates for the 
contract assets. 

In respect of credit exposures to customers, the Group receives progress payments from sales 
of  commercial  and  residential  properties  to individual  customers  prior  to  the  completion  of 
transactions.    In  the  event  of  default  by  customers,  the  Group  companies  undertake  legal 
proceedings to recover the properties.  The Group has limited its credit exposure to customers 
due  to  secured  bank  loans  taken  by  the  purchasers.    At  31  December  2022,  there  was  no 
significant concentration of credit risk within the Group. 

The Group’s exposure to credit risk arising from total debtors was set out in Note 21 and totals 
US$11.3 million (2021: US$13.5 million).  The Group’s exposure to credit risk arising from 
deposits and balances with banks is set out in Note 22 and totals US$7.3 million (2021: US$7.1 
million). 

Financial guarantees 

The Company provides unsecured financial guarantee to banks in respect of banking facilities 
granted to certain subsidiaries, as set out in Note 30. 

At the end of the reporting period, the maximum exposure to credit risk as represented by the 
outstanding banking and credit facilities of the subsidiaries is as follows: 

Company 
Financial institutions for bank facilities granted 

to its subsidiaries 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

32,859 

43,998 

At the end of the reporting period there was no indication that any subsidiary would default on 
repayment. 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.3 

Liquidity Risk 

The Group raises funds as required on the basis of budgeted expenditure and inflows for the 
next  twelve  months  with  the  objective  of  ensuring  adequate  funds  to  meet  commitments 
associated with its financial liabilities.  When funds are sought, the Group balances the costs 
and benefits of equity and debt financing against the developments to be undertaken.  At 31 
December 2022 the Group’s borrowings to fund the developments had terms of less than ten 
years. 

Cash flows are monitored on an on-going basis.  The Group manages its liquidity needs by 
monitoring scheduled debt servicing payments for long term and short term financial liabilities 
as well as cash out flows due in its day-to-day operations while ensuring sufficient headroom 
on  its  undrawn  committed  borrowing  facilities  at  all  times  so  that  borrowing  limits  and 
covenants  are  not  breached.    Capital  investments  are  committed  only  after  confirming  the 
source of funds, e.g. securing financial liabilities. 

Management is of the opinion that most of the bank borrowings can be renewed or re-financed 
based on the strength of the Group’s earnings, cash flow and asset base. 

It is not expected that the cash flows included in the maturity analysis could occur significantly 
earlier, or at a significantly different amount. 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
The maturity profile of the Group’s financial liabilities at the statement of financial position date, based on the contracted undiscounted 
payments, were as follows: 

At 31 December 2022 
Finance lease liabilities 
Interest bearing loans and borrowings 
Trade and other payables 
Amount due to non-controlling interests 

At 31 December 2021 (restated *) 
Finance lease liabilities 
Interest bearing loans and borrowings 
Trade and other payables (restated *) 
Amount due to non-controlling interests 

Carrying 
amount 
US$’000 

Contractual 
interest rate 

Contractual 
cash flows 
US$’000 

Under  
1 year 
US$’000 

1 - 2 years 
US$’000 

2 - 5 years 
US$’000 

More than  
5 years 
US$’000 

- 
32,859 
18,089 
1,981 
52,929 

14 
43,998 
17,050 
1,952 
63,014 

- 
5.5%-12.0% 
- 
- 
- 

2.50%-3.50% 
4.5%-12.0% 
- 
- 
- 

- 
34,417 
18,089 
1,981 
54,487 

14 
46,122 
17,050 
1,952 
65,138 

- 
34,417 
18,089 
1,981 
54,487 

14 
46,122 
17,050 
1,952 
65,138 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
 - 
 - 
 - 

- 
- 
 - 
 - 
 - 

* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 

The above table excludes current tax liabilities and contract liabilities. 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.4  Market Risk 

(a) 

Foreign Exchange Risk 

Entities within the Group are exposed to foreign exchange risk from future commercial 
transactions and net monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency 
that  is  not  the  entity’s  functional  currency.    The  foreign  currency  exposure  is  not 
hedged. 

The Group maintains a natural hedge, whenever possible, by borrowing in the currency 
of  the  country  in  which  the  property  or  investment  is  located  or  by  borrowing  in 
currencies that match the future revenue stream to be generated from its investments. 

Management  monitors  the  foreign  currency  exposure  closely  and  takes  necessary 
actions in consultation with the bankers to avoid unfavourable exposure. 

The Group is exposed to foreign currency risk on cash and cash equivalents which are 
denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the relevant Group 
entities. 

The  Group’s  exposure  to  foreign  currency  risk  on  cash  and  cash  equivalents  in 
currencies other than the functional currencies of the relevant Group entities at year end 
are as follows:  

US Dollar 
Ringgit Malaysia 
Others 

2022 
US$’000 
3,018 
4,241 
- 
7,259 

2021 
US$’000 
2,870 
4,244 
- 
7,114 

At 31 December 2022, if cash and cash equivalents denominated in a currency other 
than the functional currencies of the Group entities strengthened/ (weakened) by 10% 
and all other variables were held constant, the effects on the Group’s profit or loss and 
equity  expressed  in  US$  would  have  been  US$424,000/  (US$424,000)  (2021: 
US$424,400/ (US$424,400)). 

Currency risks as defined by IFRS 7 arise on account of monetary assets and liabilities 
being  denominated  in  a  currency  that  is  not  the  functional  currency.    Differences 
resulting  from  the  translation  of  financial  statements  into  the  Group’s  presentation 
currency are not taken into consideration. 

Subsequent  to  year  end,  there  are  no  significant  monetary  balances  held  by  group 
companies that are denominated in a non-functional currency. 

(b) 

Interest Rate Risk 

The Group’s policy is to minimise interest rate risk on bank loans and borrowings using 
a mix of fixed and variable rate debts that represent market rates.  The Group prefers to 
maintain flexibility on the desired mix of fixed and variable interest rates as this will 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
depend on the economic environment, the type of borrowings available and the funding 
requirements of the project when a decision is to be made. 

The interest rate profile of the Group’s significant interest-bearing financial instrument, 
based on carrying amounts at the end of the reporting period was: 

Fixed rate instruments: 
Financial assets 
Financial liabilities 

Floating rate instruments: 
Financial liabilities 

2022 
US$’000 

2,473 
32,859 

2021 
US$’000 

2,470 
44,012 

- 

- 

The Group’s exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily 
to the Group’s liabilities with a floating interest rate.  The fixed and floating interest 
rates were not hedged and would therefore expose the Group to cash flow interest rate 
risk.    Borrowings  at  fixed  rate  represent  100%  (2021:  100%)  of  the  Group’s  total 
borrowings at 31 December 2022. 

Interest rate risk is reported internally to key management personnel via a sensitivity 
analysis,  which is prepared  based  on  the  exposure  to  variable  interest rates for  non-
derivative  instruments  at  the  statement  of  financial  position  date.    For  variable  rate 
borrowings, the analysis is prepared assuming that the amount of liabilities outstanding 
at the statement of financial position date will be outstanding for the whole year.  A 100 
basis point increase or decrease is used and represents the management’s assessment of 
the reasonable possible change in interest rate. 

Sensitivity analysis for floating rate instrument 

At 31 December 2022, if the interest rate had been 100 basis point lower/ higher and 
all other variables were held constant, this would (decrease)/increase the Group loss for 
the year by approximately (US$ Nil)/US$ Nil (2021: would (decrease)/ increase the 
Group loss for the year by approximately (US$ Nil)/US$ Nil. 

4.5 

Fair Values 

The carrying amount of trade and other receivables, deposits, cash and cash equivalents, trade 
and other payables and accruals of the Group approximate their fair values in the current and 
prior years due to relatively short term nature of these financial instruments. 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The table below analyses financial instruments carried at fair value and those not carried at fair value, along with their carrying amounts 
shown in the statement of financial position: 

2022 

US$’000 

Fair value of financial instruments carried at 
fair value 

Fair value of financial instruments  
not carried at fair value 

Total  

fair  Carrying 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

value 

amount 

Financial liabilities 
Amount due to non-controlling 
interests 
Bank loans and borrowings 
Finance lease liabilities 
Medium term notes 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

(1,981) 
(1,595) 
- 
(31,264) 

(1,981) 
(1,595) 
- 
(31,264) 

(1,981) 
(1,595) 
- 
(31,264) 

(1,981) 
(1,595) 
- 
(31,264) 

(34,840) 

(34,840) 

(34,840) 

(34,840) 

2021 
US$’000 

Fair value of financial instruments carried at 
fair value 

Fair value of financial instruments  
not carried at fair value 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

Total  

fair  Carrying 
amount 

value 

Financial liabilities 
Amount due to non-controlling 
interests 
Bank loans and borrowings 
Finance lease liabilities 
Medium term notes 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

(1,952) 
(1,681) 
(14) 
(42,317) 

(1,952) 
(1,681) 
(14) 
(42,317) 

(1,952) 
(1,681) 
(14) 
(42,317) 

(1,952) 
(1,681) 
(14) 
(42,317) 

(45,964) 

(45,964) 

(45,964) 

(45,964) 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policy on transfer between levels 

The fair value on an asset to be transferred between levels is determined as of the date of the 
event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. 

Level 1 fair value 

Level  1  fair  value  is  derived  from  quoted  price  (unadjusted)  in  an  active  market  for  identical 
financial assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date. 

Level 2 fair value 

Level 2 fair value is estimated using inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that 
are observable for the financial assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly. 

Level 3 fair value 

Level 3 fair value is estimated using unobservable inputs for the financial assets and liabilities. 

Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair values 

There has been no transfer between Level 1 and 2 fair values during the financial year (2021: no 
transfer in either direction). 

Transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 fair values 

There has been no transfer in either direction during the financial year (2021: no transfer in either 
direction). 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 

Fair value, which is determined for disclosure purposes, is calculated based on the present value 
of future principal and interest cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the end of 
the  reporting  period.    At  31  December 2022, the interest rate  used to  discount  estimated cash 
flows of the medium term notes is 7.48% (2021: 7.00%). 

4.6 

Capital Management 

The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue 
as a going concern in order to provide returns to shareholders and benefits to other stakeholders 
and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce cost of capital. 

The capital structure of the Group consisted of cash and cash equivalents, loans and borrowings, 
medium term notes and equity attributable to equity holders of the parent, comprising issued share 
capital and reserves, were as follows: 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Loans and borrowings and finance lease liabilities 
Medium term notes 
Equity attributable to equity holders of the parent 
Total capital 

2022 
US$’000 
7,259 
(1,595) 
(31,264) 
(73,208) 
(98,808) 

2021 
(Restated *) 
US$’000 
7,114 
(1,695) 
(42,317) 
(91,659) 
(128,557) 

* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 

In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividends 
paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debts. 

Consistent with others in the industry, the Group monitors capital on the basis of net debt-to-
equity ratio. 

Net debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as a total of interest-bearing borrowings less held-for-trading 
financial instrument and cash and cash equivalents to the total equity. 

The net debt-to-equity ratios at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 were as follows: 

Total borrowings and finance lease liabilities 
Less: Cash and cash equivalents (Note 22) 
Net debt 
Total equity 
Net debt-to-equity ratio 

5 

REVENUE AND SEGMENTAL INFORMATION 

2022 
US$’000 
32,859 
(7,259) 
25,600 
67,804 
0.38 

2021 
US$’000 
44,012 
(7,114) 
36,898 
89,013 
0.41 

The  Group’s  operating  revenue  for  the  year  was  mainly  attributable  to  the  sale  of  completed  units  in 
Malaysia. 

Income  earned  from  hotel,  mall  and  hospital  operations  are  included  in  other  income  in  line  with 
management’s intention to dispose of the properties.  

5.1 

Revenue recognised during the year as follows: 

Sale of completed units 

2022 
US$’000 
980 
980 

2021 
US$’000 
595 
595 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.2 

Segmental Information 

Timing of revenue recognition 
Properties transferred at a point in time 
Properties transferred over time 

2022 
US$’000 
980 
- 
980 

2021 
US$’000 
595 
- 
595 

Segmental information represents the level at which financial information is reported to the Board 
of  Directors,  being  the  chief  operating  decision  makers  as  defined  in  IFRS  8.    The  Directors 
determine the operating segments based on reports reviewed and used by their staff for strategic 
decision making and resource allocation.  For management purposes, the Group is organised into 
project units. 

The Group’s reportable operating segments are as follows: 
(i) 
Investment Holding Companies – investing activities; 
(ii) 
Ireka Land Sdn. Bhd. – developed Tiffani (“Tiffani”) by i-ZEN; 
(iii) 
ICSD Ventures Sdn. Bhd. – owns and operates Harbour Mall Sandakan (“HMS”) and the 
Sandakan hotel asset (formerly Four Points by Sheraton Sandakan Hotel) (“SHA”);  

(iv)  Amatir Resources Sdn. Bhd. – developed SENI Mont’ Kiara (“SENI”); and 
(v) 

Urban DNA Sdn. Bhd.– developed The RuMa Hotel and Residences (“The RuMa”). 

Other  non-reportable  segments  comprise  the  Group’s  development  projects.    None  of  these 
segments meets any of the quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments in 2022 
and 2021. 

Information regarding the operations of each reportable segment is in Note 5.3.  The Directors 
monitor the operating results of each segment for the purpose of performance assessments and 
making decisions on resource allocation.  Performance is based on segment gross profit/(loss) 
and profit/(loss) before taxation, which the Executive Management believes are the most relevant 
in evaluating the results relative to other entities in the industry.  Segment assets and liabilities 
are presented inclusive of inter-segment balances and inter-segment pricing is determined on an 
arm’s length basis. 

The Group’s revenue generating development projects are in Malaysia. 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.3 

Analysis of the Group’s reportable operating segments is as follows: 

Operating Segments – year ended 31 December 2022 

Continuing operations 

Investment 
Holding 
Companies  
US$’000 

Ireka 
Land Sdn. 
Bhd. 
US$’000 

ICSD 
Ventures 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

Amatir 
Resources 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

The RuMa 
Hotel KL 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

Urban 
DNA 
Sdn. Bhd. 
S$’000 

Total 
continuing 
operations 
US$’000 

Discontinued 
Operations 
US$’000 

Total 
US$’000 

Segment (loss)/profit before taxation  

826 

(5) 

(9,061) 

(1,789) 

(1,792) 

(4,898) 

(16,719) 

- 

(16,719) 

Included in the measure of segment 

(loss)/profit are: 

Revenue 
Other income from hotel operations 
Other income from mall operations 
Other income from hospital operations 
Expenses from hotel operations 
Expenses from mall operations 
Expenses from hospital operations 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Finance costs 
Finance income 

Segment assets 

Segment liabilities 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,462 

9,331 

459 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

60 

3 

- 
- 
2,098 
- 
(310) 
(1,251) 
- 
(10) 
(1,172) 
47 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(192) 
413 

- 
8,169 
- 
- 
(9,859) 
- 
- 
(50) 
- 
- 

980 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(1,933) 
1 

980 
8,169 
2,098 
- 
(10,169) 
(1,251) 
- 
(60) 
(3,297) 
1,923 

46,882 

704 

965 

89,571 

147,513 

1,294 

2,511 

6,758 

45,205 

56,230 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

980 
8,169 
2,098 
- 
(10,169) 
(1,251) 
- 
(60) 
(3,297) 
1,923 

147,513 

56,230 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of reportable segment revenues, profit or loss, assets and liabilities and other material items 

Profit or loss 
Total loss for reportable segments 
Other non-reportable segments 
Depreciation 
Finance income 
Finance costs 
Consolidated loss before taxation 

US$’000 
(16,719) 
(856) 
1 
(47) 
47 
(17,574) 

US$’000 
Total reportable segment 
Other non-reportable segments 
Consolidated total 

Revenue 
980 
- 
980 

Depreciation 
(60) 
1 
(59) 

Finance costs 
(3,297) 
(47) 
(3,344) 

Finance 
income 
1,923 
47 
1,970 

Segment  
assets 
147,513 
9,660 
157,173 

Segment 
liabilities 
56,230 
33,139 
89,369 

Additions to 
non-current 
assets 
39 
- 
39 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Segments – year ended 31 December 2021 (restated *) 

Continuing operations 

Investment 
Holding 
Companies  
US$’000 

Ireka 
Land Sdn. 
Bhd. 
US$’000 

ICSD 
Ventures 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

Amatir 
Resources 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

The RuMa 
Hotel KL 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

Urban 
DNA 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

Total 
continuing 
operations 
US$’000 

Discontinued 
operations 
US$’000 

Total 
US$’000 

Segment (loss)/profit before taxation  

(1.854)* 

(2) 

(580) 

360 

(3,825)* 

(2,030) 

(7,931)* 

(3,087) 

(11,017)* 

Included in the measure of segment 

(loss)/profit are: 

Revenue 
Other income from hotel operations 
Other income from mall operations 
Other income from hospital operations 
Expenses from hotel operations 
Expenses from mall operations 
Expenses from hospital operations 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Finance costs 
Finance income 

Segment assets 

Segment liabilities 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(172) 
1,259* 

8,096* 

3,659 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

78 

3 

- 
- 
2,007 
- 
(255) 
(1,072) 
- 
(43) 
(1,290) 
45 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(203) 
600 

- 
2,679 
- 
- 
(4,042) 
- 
- 
(164) 
(2) 
- 

595 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(1,909) 
20 

595 
2,679 
2,007 
- 
(4,297) 
(1,072) 
- 
(207) 
(3,576) 
1,924* 

- 
- 
- 
12,768 
- 
- 
(11,144) 
- 
(5,358) 
335 

595 
2,679 
2,007 
12,768 
(4,297) 
(1,072) 
(11,144)) 
(207) 
(8,934) 
2,259* 

58,322 

3,212 

703 

95,243 

165,654* 

100,812 

266,466* 

1,589 

2,785 

5,050* 

44,246 

57,332* 

86,347 

143,679* 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of reportable segment revenues, profit or loss, assets and liabilities and other material items 

Profit or loss 
Total loss for reportable segments (restated *) 
Other non-reportable segments 
Depreciation 
Finance income 
Finance costs 
Consolidated loss before taxation (restated *) 

US$’000 

(7,931)* 
2,157 
- 
(45) 
45 
(5,774)* 

US$’000 
Total reportable segment (restated *) 
Other non-reportable segments 
Consolidated total (restated *) 

Revenue 
595 
- 
595 

Depreciation 
(207) 
109 
(98) 

Finance 
costs 
(3,576) 
(45) 
(3,621) 

Finance 
income 
1,924* 
45 
1,969* 

Segment  
assets 
165,654* 
24,712 
190,366* 

 Segment 
liabilities 
57,332* 
44,021 
101,353* 

Additions to 
non-current 
assets 
42 
- 
42 

* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Geographical Information – year ended 31 December 2022 

Continuing 
operations 

Malaysia 
US$’000 
980 
5,380 

Total 
continuing 
operations  
US$’000 
980 
5,380 

Discontinued 
operation 
US$’000 
- 
- 

Total 
US$’000 
980 
5,380 

Revenue  
Non-current assets 

In  the  financial  year  ended  31  December  2022,  no  single  customer  exceeded  10%  of  the 
Group’s total revenue. 

Geographical Information – year ended 31 December 2021 

Continuing 
operations 

Malaysia 
US$’000 
595 
5,662 

Total 
continuing 
operations  
US$’000 
595 
5,662 

Discontinued 
operation 
US$’000 
- 
3,919 

Total 
US$’000 
595 
9,581 

Revenue  
Non-current assets 

In  the  financial  year  ended  31  December  2021,  no  single  customer  exceeded  10%  of  the 
Group’s total revenue. 

6 

COST OF SALES 

Direct costs attributable to:    
Completed units (Note 20) 

7 

OTHER INCOME 

Rental income 
Other income from hotel operations (a) 
Other income from mall operations (b) 
Sundry income 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

640 

318 

2022 
US$’000 
121 
8,169 
2,098 
583 
10,971 

2021 
US$’000 
78 
2,679 
2,007 
913 
5,677 

(a)  Other income from hotel operations 

The income relates to the hotel operations of the Sandakan Hotel Asset which is owned 
by a subsidiary of the Company, ICSD Ventures Sdn. Bhd.  The income earned from 
hotel  operations  is  included  in  other  income  in  line  with  management’s  intention  to 
dispose of the hotel. 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b)  Other income from mall operations 

The income relates to the operation of Harbour Mall Sandakan which is owned by a 
subsidiary of the Company, ICSD Ventures Sdn. Bhd.  The income earned from mall 
operations is included in other income in line with management’s intention to dispose 
of the mall. 

8 

FOREIGN EXCHANGE GAIN/(LOSS) 

Foreign exchange gain/(loss) comprises: 
Realised foreign exchange loss 
Unrealised foreign exchange gain/(loss) 

9 

STAFF COSTS 

Wages, salaries and others (including key management 

personnel) 

Employees’ provident fund, social security and other 

pension costs 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

(6) 
(1,689) 
(1,695) 

(1) 
346 
345 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

5,259 

46 
5,305 

2,817 

40 
2,857 

The Company has no executive Directors or employees under its employment.  As of the year 
ended  31  December  2022,  the  subsidiaries  of  the  Group  have  a  total  of  235  (2021:  573) 
employees. 

10 

FINANCE INCOME/(COSTS) 

Interest income from banks 
Accrued interest 
Interest on bank loans  
Lease interest 
Interest on medium term notes  

2022 
US$’000 
508 
1,462 
(239) 
- 
(3,105) 
(1,374) 

2021 
(Restated *) 
US$’000 
588 
1,381 
(841) 
(2) 
(2,778) 
(1,652) 

* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 

Accrued interest represents interest on a contract payment by a subsidiary of Ireka Corporation 
Berhad.  For more detailed information see Note 31. 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11 

NET LOSS BEFORE TAXATION 

Net loss before taxation is stated after charging/(crediting): 

Auditor’s remuneration 
Directors’ fees/emoluments 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Expenses of hotel operations 
Expenses of mall operations 
Unrealised foreign exchange loss/(gain) 
Realised foreign exchange loss 
Impairment of amount due from a related party 
Impairment of inventory 
Gain on sale of discontinued operations 

12 

TAXATION 

Current tax expense   – Current year 

– Prior year 

Deferred tax charge   – Current year 

– Prior year 

Total tax expense/(income) for the year 

2022 
US$’000 
96 
265 
58 
10,170 
1,251 
1,689 
6 
4,778 
8,620 
(2,702) 

2022 
US$’000 
85 
217 

- 
- 
302 

2021 
US$’000 
171 
291 
54 
4,298 
1,405 
(346) 
1 
- 
- 
- 

2021 
US$’000 
70 
119 

- 
(48) 
141 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  numerical  reconciliation  between  the  income  tax  (income)/expense  and  the  product  of 
accounting results multiplied by the applicable tax rate is computed as follows: 

Net loss before taxation 
Income tax at a rate of 24% (2021: 24%) 

Add:  
Tax effect of expenses not deductible in determining 

taxable profit 

Current year losses and other tax benefits for which no 

deferred tax asset was recognised 

Tax effect of different tax rates in subsidiaries 
Less: 
Tax effect of income not taxable in determining taxable 

profit 

Under provision in respect of prior period/year 
Total tax expense/(income) for the year 

2022 
US$’000 

(17,574) 
(4,218) 

2,379 

3,670 
- 

(1,746) 
217 
302 

2021 
(Restated *) 
US$’000 

(5,774) 
(1,386) 

1,666 

1,312 
- 

(1,522) 
71 
141 

* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 

The applicable corporate tax rate in Malaysia is 24% (2021: 24%). 

The Company is treated as a tax resident of Jersey for the purpose of Jersey tax laws and is 
subject to a tax rate of 0% (2021: 0%). 

A Goods and Services Tax was introduced in Jersey in May 2008.  The Company has been 
registered as an International Services Entity so it does not have to charge or pay local GST.  
The cost for this registration is £200 per annum. 

13 

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS)/INCOME 

Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to 

profit or loss, net of tax 

Foreign currency translation differences for foreign 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

operations 

Losses arising during the year 

(2,440) 
(2,440) 

(3,584) 
(3,584) 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14 

LOSS PER SHARE  

Basic and diluted loss per ordinary share 

The calculation of basic and diluted loss per ordinary share for the year ended 31 December 
2022  was  based  on  the  loss  attributable  to  equity  holders  of  the  parent  and  ordinary  shares 
outstanding and held by shareholders of the Company, calculated as below: 

Loss attributable to equity holders of the parent 
- continuing operations 
- discontinued operations 

2022 
US$’000 

(15,867) 
- 
(15,867) 

2021  
(Restated *) 
US$’000 

(4,122) 
(1,632) 
(5,754) 

Number of shares (thousand shares) * 

198,691 

198,691 

Loss per share 
Basic and diluted (US cents) 
- continuing operations 
- discontinued operations 

(7.99) 
- 
(7.99) 

(2.08) 
(0.82) 
(2.90) 

*   The Company currently holds 13,334,000 Treasury Shares which are deducted from the total 
number of shares for the purpose of calculating loss per share.  For details of the Treasury 
Shares, please refer to the description at Note 24. 

The diluted loss per share was not applicable as there were no dilutive potential ordinary shares 
outstanding at the end of the reporting period. 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 

NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS 

Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries 

The Group’s subsidiaries that have material non-controlling interests (“NCI”) are as follows: 

2022 
NCI percentage of ownership 
interest and voting interest 

Carrying amount of NCI 
Loss allocated to NCI 

Urban DNA 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

The RuMa 
Hotel KL 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

Other 
individually 
immaterial 
subsidiaries 
US$’000 

Total 
US$’000 

30% 
(259) 
(1,536) 

30% 
(5,180) 
(342) 

35 
(6) 

(5,404) 
(1,884) 

Summarised financial information before intra-group elimination 

As at 31 December 2022 
Non-current assets 
Current assets 
Non-current liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Net assets 

Year ended 31 December 2022 
Revenue  
Loss for the year 
Total comprehensive loss 
Cash flows used in operating activities 
Cash flows from/(used in) investing activities 
Cash flows (used in)/from financing activities 
Net increase in cash  

and cash equivalents 

Urban DNA 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

The RuMa 
Hotel KL 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

827 
84,833 
(84,590) 
(3,957) 
(2,887) 

980 
(4,898) 
(5,121) 
(1,203) 
- 
991 

24 
941 
(11,518) 
(6,657) 
(17,210) 

- 
(1,792) 
(1,142) 
(63) 
(9) 
299 

(212) 

227 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2021 (Restated *) 
NCI percentage of ownership 
interest and voting interest 

Carrying amount of NCI 
Loss allocated to NCI 

Urban DNA 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

The RuMa 
Hotel KL 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

Other 
individually 
immaterial 
subsidiaries 
US$’000 

Total 
US$’000 

30% 
1,277 
(711) 

30% 
(4,838) 
(1,020) 

915 
(1,456) 

(2,646) 
(3,248) 

Summarised financial information before intra-group elimination 

As at 31 December 2021 (restated *) 
Non-current assets 
Current assets 
Non-current liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Net assets 

Year ended 31 December 2021 (restated *) 
Revenue  
Loss for the year 
Total comprehensive loss 
Cash flows used in operating activities 
Cash flows from/(used in) investing activities 
Cash flows (used in)/from financing activities 
Net increase in cash and  

cash equivalents 

Urban DNA 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

The RuMa 
Hotel KL 
Sdn. Bhd. 
US$’000 

522 
94,212 
(84,570) 
(5,907) 
4,257 

595 
(2,149) 
(2,371) 
(532) 
1,702 
(1,107) 

68 
635 
(11,779) 
(5,049) 
(16,125) 

- 
(3,824) 
(3,401) 
(1,780) 
(37) 
1,828 

63 

11 

* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16 

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Cost 
At 1 January 2022 
Exchange adjustments 
Addition 
At 31 December 2022 

Accumulated Depreciation 
At 1 January 2022 
Exchange adjustments 
Charge for the year 
At 31 December 2022 
Net carrying amount at  
31 December 2022 

Cost 
At 1 January 2021 
Exchange adjustments 
Addition 
At 31 December 2021 

Accumulated Depreciation 
At 1 January 2021 
Exchange adjustments 
Charge for the year 
At 31 December 2021 
Net carrying amount at  
31 December 2021 

Furniture, 
Fittings & 
Equipment 
US$’000 

Motor 
Vehicles 
US$’000 

Total 
US$’000 

272 
(13) 
39 
298 

170 
(8) 
59 
221 

77 

239 
(9) 
42 
272 

120 
(4) 
54 
170 

102 

29 
(1) 
- 
28 

27 
(1) 
- 
26 

2 

30 
(1) 
- 
29 

28 
(1) 
- 
27 

2 

301 
(14) 
39 
326 

197 
(9) 
59 
247 

79 

269 
(10) 
42 
301 

148 
(5) 
54 
197 

104 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

Cost 
At 1 January 2021 (re-presented)/ 31 December 2021/  

31 December 2022 

Accumulated impairment 
At 1 January 2021 (re-presented) 
Disposals 
At 31 December 2021/ 

1 January 2022 

Disposals 
At 31 December 2022 

Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2021  
At 31 December 2022 

Goodwill 
US$’000 

6,479 

5,901 
- 

5,901 
- 
5,901 

578 
578 

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the Group’s operating divisions 
which  represent  the  lowest  level  within  the  Group  at  which  the  goodwill  is  monitored  for 
internal management purposes. 

The aggregate carrying amounts of intangible assets allocated to each unit are as follows: 

Goodwill 
SENI Mont’ Kiara 
Sandakan Harbour Square 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

28 
550 
578 

28 
550 
578 

The recoverable amount of goodwill has been tested by reference to underlying profitability of 
the ongoing operations of the developments using discounted cash flow projections (refer to 
Note 20). 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18 

RIGHT OF USE 

Cost 
At 1 January 2021 
Exchange adjustments 
Disposal 
At 31 December 2021/ 1 January 2022 
Exchange adjustments 
Disposal 
At 31 December 2022 

Depreciation charges 
At 1 January 2021 
Charge for the year 
Disposal 
At 31 December 2021/ 1 January 2022 
Charge for the year 
Disposal 
At 31 December 2022 

NET BOOK VALUE 
At 31 December 2021 
At 31 December 2022 

Lease liabilities include in the consolidated statement of financial position 

Current 
Non-Current 
Total 

Amount recognized in the consolidated income statement 

Depreciation charges on right-of-use  
Interest on lease liabilities 
Total 

2022 
US$’000 
- 
- 
- 

2022 
US$’000 
1 
- 
1 

US$’000 
4,436 
- 
(12) 
4,424 
- 
(3) 
4,421 

4,276 
157 
(10) 
4,423 
1 
(3) 
4,421 

1 
- 

2021 
US$’000 
14 
- 
14 

2021 
US$’000 
157 
2 
159 

A decrease in depreciation charges of right-of-use assets and interest charges of lease liabilities 
by US$156,000 and US$2,000 respectively, for the financial year ended 31 December 2022. 

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19 

DEFERRED TAX ASSETS 

At 1 January 
Exchange adjustments 
Deferred tax credit relating to origination of 
temporary differences during the year 

At 31 December 

The deferred tax assets comprise:  

Taxable temporary differences between accounting 
profit and taxable profit of property development 
units sold 
At 31 December 

2022 
US$’000 
4,979 
(256) 

- 
4,723 

2021 
US$’000 
5,111 
(180) 

48 
4,979 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

4,723 
4,723 

4,979 
4,979 

Deferred tax assets have not been recognised in respect of unused tax losses of US$48 million 
(31  December  2021:  US$42  million)  which  are  available  for  offset  against  future  taxable 
profits.    The  unrecognised  deferred  tax  asset  at  effective  tax  rates  of  the  Group  would  be 
approximately US$11.6 million (31 December 2021: US$10 million). 

20 

INVENTORIES 

Land held for property development 
Stock of completed units, at cost 
Consumables 
At 31 December 

Carrying amount of inventories pledged as 
security for Loans and borrowings and 
Medium Term Notes 

Notes 
(a) 
(b) 

Notes 

2022 
US$’000 
6,288 
126,181 
104 
132,573 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 
6,628 
140,300 
120 
147,048 

2021 
US$’000 

119,956 

124,660 

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) 

Land held for property development 

At 1 January 
Add: 

Exchange adjustments 
Additions 
Disposals 
At 31 December 

Less: 

Costs recognised as expenses in the 
consolidated statement of comprehensive 
income during the year 

At 31 December 

(b) 

Stock of completed units, at cost 

At 1 January 
Transfer (to)/from work in progress 
Less: 

Exchange adjustments 
Disposals 
Impairment 
Costs recognised as expenses in the 
consolidated statement of comprehensive 
income during the year 

At 31 December 

2022 
US$’000 
6,628 

(340) 
- 
- 
6,288 

2021 
US$’000 
6,871 

(243) 
- 
- 
6,628 

- 
6,288 

-  
6,628 

2022 
US$’000 
140,300 
2,321 

(7,180) 
- 
(8,620) 

2021 
US$’000 
150,120 
- 

(5,292) 
- 
- 

(640) 
126,181 

(4,528) 
140,300 

The net realisable value of completed units have been tested by reference to underlying 
profitability of the ongoing operations of the developments using discounted cash flow 
projections  and/or  comparison  method  with  the  similar  properties  within  the  local 
market which provides an approximation of the estimated selling price that is expected 
to be achieved in the ordinary course of business. 

Included  in  the  stock  of  completed  units  are  SENI  units  as  well  as  the  following 
completed units:  

Sandakan hotel asset (“SHA”) and Harbour Mall Sandakan (“HMS”) 

The  aggregate  recoverable  amount  of  SHA  and  HMS  was  determined  based  on 
indicative  market  transaction  prices  on  an  arm’s  length  basis.    The  aggregate 
recoverable  amount  of  US$45,558,000  (RM200,000,000)  (2021:  US$57,142,000 
(RM238,000,000)) for both assets was determined to approximate with their carrying 
amount. 

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The RuMa Hotel and Residences (“The RuMa”)  

The  recoverable  amount  of  The  RuMa  was  determined  based  on  a  valuation  by  an 
external,  independent  valuer  with  appropriate  recognised  professional  qualification.  
The  recoverable  amount  US$83,599,000  (RM367,000,000)  (2021:  US$101,322,000 
(RM422,000,000)) of The RuMa was determined to be higher than its carrying amount. 

The valuation of The RuMa Hotel was determined by discounting the future cash flows 
expected to be generated from the continuing operations of The RuMa and was based 
on the following key assumptions: 

(1) 

Cash flows were projected based on the 10 years projection of The RuMa Hotel; 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

The occupancy rate of The RuMa Hotel will improve to 78% in year 10 which 
is when the hotel’s operations are expected to stabilise; 

Average daily rates of the hotel will improve to US$221.87 (RM974) in year 10 
which is when the hotel’s operations are expected to stabilise; 

Projected  gross  margin  reflects  the  industry  average  historical  gross  margin, 
adjusted for projected market and economic conditions and internal resources 
efficiency; and 

(5) 

Pre-tax  discount  rate  of  9%  was  applied  in  discounting  the  cash  flows.    The 
discount rate takes into the prevailing trend of the hotel industry in Malaysia. 

The  valuation  of  The  RuMa  Residences  was  determined  based  on  the  Comparison 
Approach as the sole method of valuation. 

21 

TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 

Trade receivables 
Other receivables 
Sundry deposits  

2022 
US$’000 
4,401 
6,842 
332 
11,575 

2021 
(Restated *) 
US$’000 
2,343 
12,224 
232 
14,799 

* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 

Trade receivables represent progress billings receivable from the sale of completed units and 
land held for property development.  Progress billings receivable from the sale of completed 
units  are  generally  due  for  settlement  within  30  days  from  the  date  of  invoice  and  are 
recognised  and  carried  at  the  original  invoice  amount  less  allowance  for  any  uncollectible 
amounts.    They  are  recognised  at  their  original  invoice  amounts  on  initial  recognition  less 
provision for impairment where it is required. 

91 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The loss allowance as at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 was determined as follows 
for both trade receivables and contract assets: 

31 December 2022 
Current 
Past due  
0 – 60 days 
61 –120 days 
More than 120 days 

31 December 2021 
Current 
Past due  
0 – 60 days 
61 –120 days 
More than 120 days 

Trade 
receivable 
US$’000 
4,399 

Contract 
asset 
US$’000 
- 

Loss 
allowance 
US$’000 
- 

- 
- 
(2,035) 
6,434 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
(2,033) 
(2,033) 

Trade 
receivable 
US$’000 
248 

Contract 
asset 
US$’000 
- 

Loss 
allowance 
US$’000 
- 

- 
- 
2,095 
2,343 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Total 
US$’000 
4,399 

- 
- 
2 
4,401 

Total 
US$’000 
248 

- 
- 
2,095 
2,343 

The  Group  uses  the  simplified  approach  to  estimate  credit  loss  allowance  for  all  trade 
receivables and contract assets, which will be based on the past payment trends, existing market 
conditions  and  adjusts  for  qualitative  and  quantitative  reasonable  and  supportable  forward-
looking information.  The loss allowances are also based on assumptions about risk of default.  
The quantum of any probability of an expected credit loss will occur to be low or not material.  
No provision is recognised in these financial statements. 

Included  in  trade  receivables  is  US$  Nil  representing  0%  of  the  Group’s  trade  receivables 
which are due from a subsidiary of Ireka Corporation Berhad for the acquisition of SENI units 
(31 December 2021: US$2,005,000, representing 86% of the Group’s trade receivables, for the 
acquisition of SENI units and expenses paid on behalf), the amount was fully impaired in 2022 
(refer to Note 31). 

Included in other receivables was an amount due from Ireka Corporation Berhad in relation to 
the interest owed on the unpaid shareholder advances to the construction of The RuMa Hotel 
and Residences, as described in Note 31. 

The maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount in the statement 
of financial position.  The Group monitors the repayment of the customers regularly and are 
confident of the ability of the customers to repay the balance outstanding. 

92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

Cash and bank balances 
Short term bank deposits 

Less: Deposits pledged 
Cash and cash equivalents 

2022 
US$’000 
4,786 
2,473 
7,259 

2021 
US$’000 
4,644 
2,470 
7,114 

(2,473) 
4,786 

(2,470) 
4,644 

Included in short term bank deposits and cash and bank balance is US$2,473,000 (31 December 
2021: US$2,470,000) pledged for loans and borrowings and Medium Term Notes of the Group. 

The interest rate on cash and cash equivalents, excluding deposit pledged with licensed bank 
of US$2,473,000 (31 December 2021: US$2,470,000), pledged for loans and borrowings and 
Medium  Term  Notes of  the  Group, ranges from 1.05%  to  2.85%  per  annum  (31  December 
2021: 1.60% to 1.85% per annum). 

The interest rate on short term bank deposits and cash and bank balance pledged for loans and 
borrowings and Medium Term Notes of the Group, ranges from 1.05% to 2.85% per annum 
(31 December 2021: 1.60% to 1.85% per annum). 

23 

SHARE CAPITAL 

Authorised Share Capital 
Ordinary shares of US$0.05 each 
Management shares of US$0.05 each 

Issued Share Capital 
Ordinary shares of US$0.05 each 
Management shares of US$0.05 each 

Number 
of shares 
2022 
’000 

Amount 
2022 
US$’000 

Number 
of shares 
2021 
’000 

2,000,000 
- * 
2,000,000 

100,000 
- * 
100,000 

2,000,000 
- * 
2,000,000 

Amount 
2021 
US$’000 

100,000 
- * 
100,000 

212,025 
- # 
212,025 

10,601 
- # 
10,601 

212,025 
- # 
212,025 

10,601 
- # 
10,601 

*  represents 10 management shares at US$0.05 each 
#  represents 2 management shares at US$0.05 each 

In 2015, the shareholders of the Company approved the creation and issuance of management 
shares by the Company as well as a compulsory redemption mechanism that was proposed by 
the Board. 

93 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Company 
US$100,000,000.50 by the creation of 10 management shares of US$0.05 each for cash. 

its  authorised  share  capital 

from  US$100,000,000 

increased 

to 

The  Company  also  increased  its  issued  and  paid-up  share  capital  from  US$10,601,250  to 
US$10,601,250.10 by way of an allotment of 2 new management shares of US$0.05 each at 
par via cash consideration. 

In accordance with the compulsory redemption scheme, the Company's ordinary shares were 
converted into redeemable ordinary shares. 

The  ordinary  shares  and  the  management  shares  shall  have  attached  thereto  the  rights  and 
privileges, and shall be subject to the limitations and restrictions, as are set out below: 

(a) 

Distribution of dividend: 

(i) 

The  ordinary  shares  carry  the right to receive  all  the  profits  of  the Company 
available for distribution by way of interim or final dividend at such times as 
the Directors may determine from time to time; and 

(ii) 

The management shares carry no right to receive dividends out of any profits of 
the Company. 

(b)  Winding-up or return of capital: 

(i) 

(ii) 

The holders of the management shares shall be paid an amount equal to the paid-
up capital on such management shares; and  

Subsequent to the payment to holders of the management shares, the holders of 
the ordinary shares shall be repaid the surplus assets of the Company available 
for distribution. 

(c) 

Voting rights: 

(i) 

(ii) 

The holders of the ordinary shares and management shares shall have the right 
to receive notice of and to attend and vote at general meetings of the Company; 
and 

Each holder of ordinary shares and management shares being present in person 
or by a duly authorised representative (if a corporation) at a meeting shall upon 
a  show  of  hands  have  one  vote  and  upon  a  poll  each  such  holder  present  in 
person or by proxy or by a duly authorised representative (if a corporation) shall 
have one vote in respect of every full paid share held by him. 

94 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24 

SHARE PREMIUM 

Share  premium  represents  the  excess  of  proceeds  raised  on  the  issuance  of  shares  over  the 
nominal value of those shares.  The costs incurred in issuing shares were deducted from the 
share premium. 

In 2017, the Shareholders of the Company at an Extraordinary General Meeting approved a 
proposal to return  US$10,000,500  or  US$0.75 per  share  for 13,334,000  shares representing 
6.29 per cent of the Company’s share capital to Shareholders.  The capital distribution was 
completed on 10 January 2017 and the repurchased shares of 13,334,000 are currently held as 
Treasury Shares.  The issued and paid up share capital of the Company remains unchanged at 
212,025,002. 

25 

CAPITAL REDEMPTION RESERVE 

The capital redemption reserve was incurred after the Company cancelled its 37,475,000 and 
500,000 ordinary shares of US$0.05 per share in 2009 and 2013 respectively. 

26 

TRANSLATION RESERVE 

The translation reserve comprises foreign currency differences arising from the translation of 
the financial statements of foreign operations. 

27 

TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES 

Non-current 
Amount owed to contract buyers 

Current 
Trade payables 
Other payables 
Deposits refundable 
Accruals 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
(Restated *) 
US$’000 

36,440 
36,440 

5,609 
3,944 
778 
7,758 
18,089 
54,529 

38,339 
38,339 

3,219 
10,763 
705 
2,363 
17,050 
55,389 

* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 

95 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trade  payables  represent  trade  purchases  and  services  rendered  by  suppliers  as  part  of  the 
normal business transactions of the Group.  The credit terms granted by trade suppliers range 
from 30 to 90 days. 

Included in the other payable comprise of the accrued costs for the development of the RuMa 
project amounted to US$0.7 million (31 December 2021: US$1.0 million). 

Contract liabilities represent proceeds received from purchasers of development properties i.e. 
SENI and The RuMa Residences which are pending transfer of vacant possession. 

Revenue recognised in the period from: 
Amounts included in contract liability at   
the beginning of the period 
Performance obligations satisfied in 
previous period 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

980 

- 

596 

- 

Amount owed to contract buyer is of funding received, by way of non-refundable deposits, in 
advance of completion of the hotel suites which are at 31 December 2022 still controlled by 
the Group. 

Deposits and accruals are from normal business transactions of the Group. 

28 

AMOUNT DUE TO NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

Minority Shareholder of Bumiraya Impian Sdn. Bhd.: 
- Global Evergroup Sdn. Bhd. 

1,129 

1,190 

Minority Shareholder of Urban DNA Sdn. Bhd. and  

The RuMa Hotel KL Sdn. Bhd.: 

- Ireka Corporation Berhad 

852 
1,981 

762 
1,952 

The current amount due to non-controlling interests amounting to US$1,981,000 (31 December 
2021: US$1,952,000) is unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand. 

96 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29 

LOANS AND BORROWINGS 

Current 
Bank loans 
Lease liabilities 

LEASE LIABILITIES 

Future minimum lease payment 
Within one year 
Between one and five years 
Over five years 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

1,595 
- 
1,595 

1,681 
14 
1,695 

2022 
US$,000 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2021 
US$’000 
14 
- 
- 
14 

The effective interest rates on the bank loans for the year is 12% (31 December 2021: 12%) 
per annum. 

Borrowings are denominated in Ringgit Malaysia. 

Bank loans are repayable annually. 

Bank loans are secured by land held for property development, work-in-progress, operating 
assets of the Group, pledged deposits and some are secured by the corporate guarantee of the 
Company. 

Reconciliation of movement of loan and borrowings to cash flows arising from financing 
activities: 

As at 1 
January 2022 
US$’000 
1,681 
1,681 

Drawdown 
of loan 
US$’000 
- 
- 

Repayment 
of loan 
US$’000 
- 
- 

As at 1 
January 2021 
US$’000 
1,742 
1,742 

Drawdown 
of loan 
US$’000 
- 
- 

Repayment 
of loan 
US$’000 
- 
- 

Foreign 
exchange 
movements 
US$’000 
(86) 
(86) 

Foreign 
exchange 
movements 
US$’000 
(61) 
(61) 

As at 31 
December 
2022 
US$’000 
1,595 
1,595 

As at 31 
December 
2021 
US$’000 
1,681 
1,681 

Bank loans 
Total 

Bank loans 
Total 

97 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at 1 
January 2022 
US$’000 

Repayment 
of lease 
payment 
US$’000 

Interest 
expense 
US$’000 

Foreign 
exchange 
movements 
US$’000 

As at 31 
December 
2022 
US$’000 

14 
14 

(13) 
(13) 

- 
- 

(1) 
(1) 

- 
- 

As at 1 
January 2021 
US$’000 

Repayment 
of lease 
payment 
US$’000 

Interest 
expense 
US$’000 

Foreign 
exchange 
movements 
US$’000 

As at 31 
December 
2021 
US$’000 

181 
181 

(163) 
(163) 

3 
3 

(7) 
(7) 

14 
14 

Lease 
liabilities 
Total 

Lease 
liabilities 
Total 

30  MEDIUM TERM NOTES 

Outstanding medium term notes 
Less: 
Repayment due within twelve months 
Repayment due after twelve months 

2022 
US$’000 
31,264 

(31,264) 
- 

2021 
US$’000 
42,317 

(42,317) 
- 

Reconciliation of movement of medium term notes to cash flows arising from financing 
activities: 

As at 1 
January 2022 
US$’000 

Drawdown 
of loan 
US$’000 

Repayment 
of loan 
US$’000 

Foreign 
exchange 
movements  
US$’000 

As at 31 
December 
2022 
US$’000 

42,316 

- 

(8,884) 

(2,168) 

31,264 

As at 1 
January 2021 
US$’000 

Drawdown 
of loan 
US$’000 

Repayment 
of loan 
US$’000 

Foreign 
exchange 
movements 
US$’000 

As at 31 
December 
2021 
US$’000 

40,200 

3,559 

- 

(1,443) 

42,316 

Medium Term 
Notes 

Medium Term 
Notes 

98 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The medium term notes (“MTNs”) were issued pursuant to a programme with a tenor of ten 
(10) years from the first issue date of the notes.  The MTNs were issued by a subsidiary, to 
fund two development projects known as Sandakan Harbour Square and Aloft Kuala Lumpur 
Sentral (“AKLS”) in Malaysia. 

Following the completion of the sale of the AKLS by the Group in 2016.  The net adjusted 
price value for the sale of AKLS, which included the sale of the entire issued share capital of 
ASPL M3B Limited and Iringan Flora Sdn. Bhd. (the “Aloft Companies”) were used to redeem 
the MTN Series 2 and Series 3.  Following the completion of the disposal of AKLS, US$96.25 
million (RM394.0 million) of MTN associated with the AKLS (Series 3) and the Four Points 
Sheraton Sandakan (Series 2) were repaid on 19 August 2016.  The charges in relation to AKLS 
was also discharged following the completion of the disposal. 

The  Group  completed  “roll-over”  for  the  remaining  MTNs  of  US$24.43  million  on  their 
maturity dates on 10 December 2020, 2021.  

Repayment of US$8.89 million (RM39.0 million) was made on 7 April 2022. Subsequently, 
they were further “rolled over” and now repayable on 8 December 2023.  The MTNs are rated 
AAA. 

The  weighted  average  interest  rate  of  the  MTN  was  5.50%  per  annum  at  the  statement  of 
financial position date.  The effective interest rates of the MTN and their outstanding amounts 
are as follows: 

Series 1 Tranche FG  
Series 1 Tranche BG 

Maturity Dates 
8 December 2023 
8 December 2023 

Interest rate % 
per annum 
5.50 
5.50 

As at 31 
December 2022 
US$’000 
7,973 
5,922 
13,895 

The medium term notes are secured by way of: 

(i) 

bank guarantee from two financial institutions in respect of the BG Tranches; 

(ii) 

(iii) 

financial guarantee insurance policy from Danajamin Nasional Berhad (“Danajamin”) 
in respect to the FG Tranches; 

a first  fixed  and floating charge  over the  present  and  future  assets  and  properties  of 
Silver Sparrow Berhad and ICSD Ventures Sdn. Bhd. by way of a debenture; 

(iv) 

a third party first legal fixed charge over ICSD Ventures Sdn. Bhd.’s assets and land; 

(v) 

a corporate guarantee by the Company; 

99 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(vi) 

(vii) 

letter of undertaking from the Company to provide financial and other forms of support 
to  ICSD  Ventures  Sdn.  Bhd.  to  finance  any  cost  overruns  associated  with  the 
development of the Sandakan Harbour Square; 

assignment  of  all  its  present  and  future  rights,  interest  and  benefits  under  the  ICSD 
Ventures  Sdn.  Bhd.’s  Put  Option  Agreements  in  favour  of  Danajamin,  Malayan 
Banking Berhad and OCBC Bank (Malaysia) Berhad (collectively as “the guarantors”) 
where  once  exercised,  the  sale  and  purchase  of  HMS  and  SHA  shall  take  place  in 
accordance with  the  provision  of  the  Put  Option  Agreement;  and  the  proceeds  from 
HMS and SHA will be utilised to repay the MTNs; 

(viii)  assignment  over  the  disbursement  account, revenue  account,  operating  account,  sale 
proceed  account,  debt  service  reserve  account  and  sinking  fund  account  of  Silver 
Sparrow Berhad, revenue account of ICSD Ventures Sdn. Bhd. and escrow account of 
Ireka Land Sdn. Bhd.; 

(ix) 

(x) 

assignment of all ICSD Ventures Sdn. Bhd.’s present and future rights, title, interest 
and benefits in and under the insurance policies; and 

a first legal charge over all the shares of Silver Sparrow Berhad, ICSD Ventures Sdn. 
Bhd. and any dividends, distributions and entitlements. 

Potensi  Angkasa  Sdn.  Bhd.  (“PASB”),  a  subsidiary  incorporated  on  25  February  2019,  has 
secured a commercial paper and/or medium term notes programme of not exceeding US$21.99 
million  (RM90.0  million)  (“CP/MTN  Programme”)  to  fund  a  project  known  as  The  RuMa 
Hotel and Residences.  PASB may, from time to time, issue commercial paper and/or medium 
term  notes  (“Notes”)  whereby  the  nominal  value  of  outstanding  Notes  shall  not  exceed 
US$21.99 million (RM90.0 million) at any one time. 

100 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The details of the drawdown schedule were as follows:  

Initial Issue 

First Roll-over 

Second Roll-over 

Third Roll-over 

Tranche 
Number 
Tranche 
1-23 
Tranche 
24-31 
Tranche 
32-49 
Tranche 
50-62 
Tranche 
123 

Date 
10 Jun 
2019 
30 Sep 
2019 
7 Oct 
2019 
25 Feb 
2020 
9 Jun 
2021 

RM 
(’000) 

22,850 

9,600 

17,100 

15,350 

18,100 

Tranche 
Number 
Tranche 
63-83 
Tranche 
84-91 
Tranche 
92-109 
Tranche 
110-122 
Tranche 
179 

Date 
10 Jun 
2020 
30 Sep 
2020 
7 Oct 
2020 
25 Feb 
2021 
10 Jun 
2022 

Tranche 
Number 
Tranche 
124-142 
Tranche 
143-147 
Tranche 
148-165 
Tranche 
166-178 

RM 
(’000) 

20,950 

9,600 

17,100 

15,350 

20,000 

Date 
10 Jun 
2021 
1 Oct 
2021 
8 Oct 
2021 
28 Feb 
2022 

RM 
(’000) 

Tranche 
Number 

Date 

RM 
(’000) 

19,050 

4,750 

17,100 

15,350 

Tranche 
180-184 
Tranche 
185-202 

3 Oct 
2022 
10 Oct 
2022 

4,750 

17,100 

The weighted average interest rate of the loan was 9.07% per annum at the statement of financial position date.  The effective interest rates 
of the medium term notes and their outstanding amounts were as follows: 

Tranches 124-142 
Tranches 166-178 
Tranche 179 
Tranches 180-184 
Tranches 185-202 

Maturity Dates 
13 February 2023 
1 March 2023 
12 June 2023 
3 April 2023 
11 April 2023 

Interest rate % 
per annum 
7.00 
8.50 
11.00 
9.50 
9.50 

As at 31 
December 2022 
US$’000 
4,339 
3,497 
4,556 
1,082 
3,895 
17,369 

101 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Security for CP/MTN Programme 

(a) 

A legal charge over the Designated Accounts by the PASB and/or the Security Party 
(as defined below) (as the case may be) and assignment of the rights, titles, benefits and 
interests of the PASB and/or the Security Party (as the case may be) thereto and the 
credit balances therein on a pari passu basis among all Notes, subject to the following: 

(b) 

(i) 

In  respect  of  the  75%  of  the  sale  proceeds  of  a  Secured  Asset  (“Net  Sale 
Proceeds”) arising from the disposal of a Secured Asset, the Noteholders of the 
relevant  Tranche  secured  by  such  Secured  Asset  shall  have  the  first  ranking 
security over such Net Sale Proceeds; 

(ii) 

In  respect  of  the  insurance  proceeds  from  the  Secured  Assets  (“Insurance 
Proceeds”), the Noteholders of the relevant Tranche secured by such Secured 
Asset shall have the first ranking security over such Insurance Proceeds; 

(iii) 

(iv) 

(v) 

(vi) 

In respect of the sale deposits from the Secured Assets (“Sale Deposits”), the 
Noteholders of the relevant Tranche secured by such Secured Asset shall have 
the first ranking security over such Sale Deposits; 

In respect of the amount at least equivalent to an amount payable in respect of 
any coupon payment of that particular Tranche for the next six (6) months to be 
maintained by the Issuer (“Issuer’s DSRA Minimum Required Balance”), the 
Noteholders of the relevant Tranche shall have the first ranking security over 
such Issuer’s DSRA Minimum Required Balance; 

In respect of the proceeds from the Collection Account (“CA Proceeds”), the 
Noteholders of the relevant Tranche shall have the first ranking security over 
such CA Proceeds; and 

In respect of any amount deposited by the Guarantor which are earmarked for 
the purposes of an early redemption of a particular Tranche of the Notes and/or 
principal payment of a particular Tranche of the Notes (“Deposited Amount”), 
the Noteholders of the relevant Tranche shall have the first ranking security over 
such Deposited Amount; 

(c) 

(d) 

An irrevocable and unconditional guarantee provided by the Urban DNA Sdn Bhd for 
all payments due and payable under the CP/MTN Programme (“Guarantee”); and 

Any other security deemed appropriate and mutually agreed between the PASB and the 
Principal  Adviser/Lead  Arranger  (“PA/LA”),  the  latter  being  Kenanga  Investment 
Bank Berhad. 

102 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Security for each medium term note: 

Each Tranche shall be secured by assets ("Secured Assets") to be identified prior to the issue 
date of the respective Tranche. 

Such Secured Assets may be provided by third party(ies), (which, together with the Guarantor, 
shall collectively be referred to as “Security Parties” and each a “Security Party”) and/or by 
the PASB.  Subject always to final identification of the Secured Asset prior to the issue date of 
the respective Tranche, the security for any particular Tranche may include but not limited to 
the following: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

Legal assignment and/or charge by the PASB and/or the Security Party (as the case may 
be) of the Secured Assets; 

An assignment over all the rights, titles, benefits and interests of the PASB and/or the 
Security Party (as the case may be) under all the sale and purchase agreements executed 
by end-purchasers and any subsequent sale and purchase agreement to be executed in 
the future by end-purchaser (if any), in relation to the Secured Assets;  

A letter of undertaking from Aseana Properties Limited to, amongst others, purchase 
the Secured Assets (“Letter of Undertaking”); and/or 

Any other security deemed appropriate and mutually agreed between the Issuer and the 
PA/LA and/or Lead Manager prior to the issuance of the relevant Tranche. 

The security for each Tranche is referred to as “Tranche Security”. 

31 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

Transactions  between  the  Group  with  Ireka  Corporation  Berhad  (“ICB”)  and  its  group  of 
companies are classified as related party transactions based on ICB’s 23.07% shareholding in 
the Company. 

In  2009,  the  Group  entered  into  a  Joint  Venture  Agreement  (JVA)  with  Ireka  Corporation 
Berhad (ICB) for the construction of The RuMa Hotel and Residences (“RuMa”).  Under the 
terms of that JVA, the joint venture partners are required to make equity contribution in the 
proportion to their participating interest for the purpose of the development and construction 
of the RuMa.  In the opinion of the directors, they have considered that the JVA allows for the 
equity  contribution  to  be  deferred  and  paid  upon  the  conclusion  of  construction.    At  31 
December 2022, the total amount of equity contribution owed by ICB was US$11.7 million (at 
31 December 2021: US$12.2 million).  The recognition of these amount owed by ICB would 
be offset by the corresponding entry of the amount owed to ICB, which therefore has no net 
impact to the consolidated financial statements. 

The equity contributions are non-trade in nature and are unsecured and interest bearing. 

103 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Furthermore, the Group was entitled to interest receivable from ICB.  The interest receivable 
was calculated based on an annual interest rate of 2% above the Malaysia lending rate and 
applied to the deferred equity contributions. 

Related  parties  also  include  key  management  personnel  defined  as  those  persons  having 
authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Group 
either directly or indirectly.  The key management personnel include all the Directors of the 
Group, and certain members of senior management of the Group. 

ICB Group of Companies 
Accrued interest on shareholders advance payable by 

ICB 

Accrued interest on a contract payment by an ICB 

subsidiary 

Key management personnel 
Remuneration of key management personnel - 

Directors’ fees 

Remuneration of key management personnel -  

Consulting fees 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
(Restated *) 
US$’000 

1,462 

131 

265 

300 

1,259 

122 

291 

287 

* See Note 2.3(f) for details regarding the restatement as a result of an error. 

Transactions between the Group with other significant related parties are as follows: 

Non-controlling interests 
Advances – non-interest bearing (Note 28) 
Other related parties 
Disposal of subsidiaries 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

129 

- 

121 

- 

The above transactions have been entered into in the normal course of business and have been 
established under negotiated terms. 

The outstanding amounts due from/(to) ICB and its group of companies as at 31 December 
2022 and 31 December 2021 are as follows: 

Net amount due from an ICB subsidiary # 
Net amount due from ICB  

2022 
US$’000 
- 
5,461 

2021 
(Restated *) 
US$’000 
2,005 
4,416 

#   Amount was fully impaired in the year ended 31 December 2022 due to financial distressed 
encountered by the captioned subsidiary; an interim liquidator was subsequently appointed 
on 27 March 2023. 

104 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The outstanding amounts due to the other significant related parties as at 31 December 2022 
and 31 December 2021 are as follows: 

Non-controlling interests 
Advances – non-interest bearing (Note 28) 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

(1,981) 

(1,952) 

Transactions  between  the  parent  company  and  its  subsidiaries  are  eliminated  in  these 
consolidated financial statements.  A list of subsidiaries is provided in Note 32. 

32 

INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES 

Name 

incorporation  Principal activities 

Country of 

Effective 
ownership 
interest 

2022 

2021 

Subsidiaries 
Ireka Land Sdn. Bhd. 
Amatir Resources Sdn. Bhd. 

Malaysia 
Malaysia 

Property development  100% 
Property development  100% 
Hotel and mall 

100% 
100% 

ICSD Ventures Sdn. Bhd. 

Malaysia 

Potensi Angkasa Sdn. Bhd 

Malaysia 

Silver Sparrow Berhad 

Malaysia 

ownership and 
operation 

Participating in the 
transactions 
contemplated 
under the 
Guaranteed MTNs 
Programme 
Participating in the 
transactions 
contemplated 
under the 
Guaranteed MTNs 
Programme 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

Bumiraya Impian Sdn. Bhd. 
The RuMa Hotel KL Sdn. Bhd. 
Urban DNA Sdn. Bhd. 
Aseana-BDC Co Ltd 

Malaysia 
Malaysia 
Malaysia 
Vietnam 

Property development 
Investment holding 
Property development 
Investment holding 

80% 
70% 
70% 
65% 

80% 
70% 
70% 
65% 

105 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33 

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

Debt service reserve account 

In  2017,  Silver  Sparrow  Berhad  obtained  consent  from  the  lenders  to  utilise  proceeds  of 
US$4.89 million in the Sales Proceeds Account and Debt Service Reserve Account (“DSRA”) 
to partially redeem the MTNs.  Thereafter, amount equivalent to RM10.0 million (US$2.40 
million) (the “Minimum Deposit”) is maintained in the DSRA at all times and the amount is 
disclosed as deposit pledged (refer to Note 22). 

In the event the funds in the DSRA falls below the Minimum Deposit, SSB shall within five 
(5) Business Days from the date of receipt of written notice from the facility agent or upon 
SSB becoming aware of the shortfall, whichever is earlier, deposit such sums of money into 
the DSRA to ensure the Minimum Deposit is maintained. 

34 

SALE OF DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS 

On  23  August  2021,  the  Group entered into  the sale  agreement  to  divest its  operations  and 
assets of the International Healthcare Park (“IHP”) and the City International Hospital (“CIH”) 
(the “Transaction”), held under Hoa Lam Services Company Limited (“HLS”) and Shangri-La 
Healthcare  Investment  Pte.  Ltd.  (“SHIPL”),  and  the  indirectly  held  subsidiaries  under  both 
companies  (collectively,  the  “Disposal  Group”),  for  a  gross  consideration  of  approximately 
US$18.3 million. The gross consideration comprised the repayment of current account to the 
Group for approximately US$8.3 million and a net consideration for transfer of equity interest 
for  US$10.0  million.    The  conditions  precedent  for  the  divestment  were  met  and  the 
Transaction was completed on 28 February 2022 (the “Disposal Date”) when the shares were 
transferred to the purchaser. 

The subsidiaries were reported in 2021 as discontinued operations and until the Disposal Date.  

Details of financial position of the Disposal Group were as follows: 

Property, plant and equipment 
Intangible Assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other payables 
Loans and borrowings 
Current tax liabilities 
Net assets classified as Asset held for Sale 

2022 
US$’000 
400 
3,519 
80,315 
1,250 
8,561 
(54,314) 
(32,016) 
(17) 
7,698 

2021 
US$’000 
400 
3,519 
80,315 
1,250 
15,329 
(54,314) 
(32,016) 
(17) 
14,466 

There was no reported profit or loss from the discontinued operations during the year up to the 
Disposal Date. 

106 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Analysis of the cash flows of discontinued operations are as follows: 

Net cash generated from operating activities 
Net cash used in investing activities 
Net cash used in financing activities 
Net cash (used in)/generated from discontinued 

operations 

2022 
US$’000 
- 
- 
(6,768) 

2021 
US$’000 
32,537 
- 
(17,768) 

(6,768) 

14,769 

Details of the sale of the discontinued operations are as follows: 

2022 
US$’000 

2021 
US$’000 

Consideration received or receivable 

Cash 

Total disposal consideration 

Carrying amount of net asset sold 
Non-controlling interests derecognized 
Receivables derecognized 
Gain on sale before income tax and reclassification 

of foreign currency translation reserve 

Reclassification of foreign currency translation 

reserve 

Income tax expense on gain 
Gain on sale after income tax 

10,045 
10,045 

(7,698) 
874 
(279) 

2,943 

(241) 
- 
(2,702) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

COPIES OF THE ANNUAL REPORT 

Copies of the annual report will be available on the Company's website at and from the Company's 
registered office, Osprey House, Old Street, St. Helier, Jersey, JE2 3RG, Channel Islands. 

107