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Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure
Annual Report 2022

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FY2022 Annual Report · Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure
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Integrated Annual Report 2022 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Content 

Atlantica in Two Minutes ................................................3 

Other Information ....................................................... 253 

Our Purpose and Values .................................................5 

Asset Portfolio ......................................................... 253 

About This Report .............................................................6 

Strategic Report .............................................................. 12 

Our Sustainable Business Model and Strategy
 .......................................................................................... 12 

Events During the Period ....................................... 21 

Key Performance Indicators .................................. 32 

A Fair Review of the Business ............................... 36 

Definitions ................................................................. 256 

Reconciliations ........................................................ 262 

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Content Index
 ....................................................................................... 264 

Sustainability Accounting Standards Board 
(SASB) Index ............................................................. 274 

Environmental, Social and Other Key 
Performance Indicators ........................................ 277 

Financial Review ......................................................... 41 

Independent Auditor’s Report .......................... 289 

Principal Risks and Uncertainties ........................ 62 

Consolidated Financial Statements ................. 303 

ESG Materiality Analysis ......................................... 90 

Company Financial Statements ........................ 392 

Environmental Sustainability ................................ 96 

Social Sustainability ................................................131 

Asset Management.................................................167 

Innovation Management ......................................171 

Cybersecurity and Data Privacy .........................172 

Tax Management.....................................................175 

Section 172 Statement ..........................................178 

Going Concern Basis ..............................................184 

Governance .....................................................................186 

Business Ethics ..........................................................186 

Sustainability Governance ...................................191 

Directors’ Report .....................................................196 

Audit Committee Report ......................................217 

Directors’ Remuneration Report .......................224 

Directors’ Responsibilities Statement..............249 

Shareholder Engagement ....................................251 

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 Atlantica in Two Minutes 

Our Business 

2,121MW 

Of renewable 
generation 

(~73% solar)  

1,229 miles 

41 
Stable 100% 
contracted or 
regulated assets2 

75% Renewable1 
25% Other sustainable 
infrastructure assets 
including storage, natural 
gas, transmission lines and 
water assets 

17.5 Mft
3
/day 
of water capacity 

11 Countries  
North America, South 
America and certain 
EMEA regions 

398MW 
of Efficient Natural 
Gas & Heat  

14 years 
Weighted average 
contracted life 
remaining3

2022 Selected Financial and Operational Metrics 

Revenue 
$1,102 Million 
▲ 2.9% vs 20214 

Operating Profit 
$278 Million 
- 21% vs 2021 

Renewable  
Energy6 
5,319 GWh Produced 
▲ 14% vs 2021 

Adjusted EBITDA5 
$797 Million 
▲ 1.5% vs 20214 

CAFD5 
$238 Million 
▲ 5% vs 2021 

Net Cash provided by 
Operating activities 
$586 Million 
▲ 16% vs 2021 

CAFD per share 
$2.07 
▲ 2% vs 2021 

Other Sustainable 
Assets7 
100% availability 

Dividends Paid 
per Share8 
$1.77  
▲ 3% vs 2021 

1 Based on Revenue for the twelve month period ended December 31, 2022. 
2 Regulated revenues in Spain, Chile TL3 and Italy and non-contracted nor regulated in the case of Chile PV 1. 
3 Calculated as weighted average years remaining as of December 31, 2022 based on CAFD estimates for the 2023-2026 
period, including assets that have reached COD before March 1, 2023. 
4 Compared to the year 2021, on a constant currency basis and adjusted for the consolidation of a non-recurrent Rioglass 
solar project in the year 2021. 
5 We refer to “Other Information- Reconciliation of non-GAAP measures” section. 
6 Includes curtailment in wind assets for which we receive compensation. 
7 Availability refers to the time during which the asset was available to our client totally or partially divided by contracted 
or budgeted availability, as applicable. 
8 Sum of the dividends per share paid to shareholders in 2022. 

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Integrity, Compliance and Safety 

Our Values 

Value Creation 

Sustainability 

Excellence and Efficiency 
Collaborative Environment 

Enabling the Energy Transition 

Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) approved target:  
Reduce Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions per kWh of energy generated by 70% 
by 2035 from a 2020 base year  

NEW 
Targets 

✓  Reduce Scope 3 GHG emissions per kWh of energy generated 

by 70% by 2035 from a 2020 base year 

✓  Achieve Net Zero GHG emissions by 2040 

✓  Reduce non-GHG emissions per kWh of energy generated by 

50% by 2035 from a 2020  

✓  Reduce our water consumption per kWh of energy generated 

by 50% by 2035 from a 2020 base year 

Key 
KPIS 

GHG Emissions 
Avoided 

GHG Emissions 
Offset 

6.9 million tons of 
CO2e 
▲ 17% vs 2021 

320 thousand tons of 
CO2e 
▲ 23% vs 2021 

Scope 1&2 emission rate 
per unit of energy 
generated 

168 tons of gCO2/kWh 
Improved 9% vs 2021 

2022 Selected Social Metrics 

Employees 
978 people 
▲75% vs 2021 

80% Men 

20% Women 

▲37% women vs 2021 

% Women at 
Management 
23% in 2022 and 2021 

Gender-Pay Gap 
13% reduction vs 2021 

Local Communities 
$1.5 million invested 
▲15% vs 2021 

Health and Safety: LTFI9 and TRFI10 below 
sector average 

Human Right 
Incidents 
0 in 2022 and 2021 

9 Lost Time Frequency Index (LTFI) represents the total number of lost-time accidents recorded in the last 12 months per 
million hours worked. 
10 Total Recordable Frequency Index (TRFI) represents the total number of recordable accidents with and without lost-
time recorded in the last 12 months per million hours worked. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our Purpose and Values 

Our Purpose 

Our Purpose 

Our purpose is to support the transition towards a more sustainable world by investing in and 
managing  sustainable  infrastructure  assets,  while  creating  long-term  value  for  our 
stakeholders. 

Our Values 

Our  values  define  who  we  are  and  how we  behave  both  as  individuals  and  as  a  Company. 
These values, described below in order of importance, serve as a compass for our day-to-day 
decisions and guide our relationships with stakeholders.  

Integrity,  Compliance  and  Safety. We  will  always  do  what  is 
right. We are strongly committed to complying with all rules and 
regulations. 

Value  creation. We  pursue  a  proactive  approach  to  creating 
long-term value for our shareholders. Our core corporate policies 
are supported by a solid commitment to risk management that 
guides all our decisions. 

Sustainability. We  invest  in  assets  that  are  environmentally 
sustainable  and  we  manage  them  in  a  sustainable  manner.  We 
follow  policies  that  analyse,  evaluate,  and  propose  measures 
aimed at minimising the environmental impacts of our business 
activity. 

Excellence  and  Efficiency. We  believe  in  outstanding  and 
disciplined asset management of our operations to be the best-
in-class  operator,  while  seeking  excellence  on  a  cost-efficient 
basis. 

Collaborative Environment. Respect and Teamwork are key to 
achieving  our  goals.  We  treat  others  as  we  would  like  to  be 
treated ourselves and we put the team ahead of personal success. 
To  build  strong  teams,  we  recruit,  train,  and  promote  the  best 
people. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
About This Report 
Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc  and  its  subsidiaries  (“Atlantica”  or  “the 
Company”), as part of its commitment to transparency and reporting best practices, has 
published an Integrated Annual Report, which integrates our financial and non-financial 
information, including environment, social and governance (ESG) disclosures. 

Integrated Annual Report Information 

Atlantica’s Integrated Annual Report has been prepared in accordance with the relevant 
U.K. requirements for the year ended December 31, 2022. 

The Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Report have been prepared in 
accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  issued  by  the 
International  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“IASB”)  and  UK  adopted  International 
Accounting Standards (collectively as “IFRS”), on a basis consistent with the prior year. 
The  Parent  Company  Financial  Statements  have  been  prepared  in  conformity  with 
Financial Reporting Standard 101 “Reduced Disclosure Framework (“FRS 101”)”. We refer 
to Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and Note 1 to the Parent Company 
Financial Statements for accounting policies detailed information. 

In addition, this report has been prepared by Management in accordance with the Global 
Reporting  Initiative  (GRI)  Standards.  We  report  GRI  in  line  with  the  matters  that  are 
important and / or material to our business. 

This report has also been prepared by Management in accordance with the SASB Electric 
Utilities  &  Power  Generators  sustainability  accounting  standard  and  its  reporting 
requirements. In addition, we have followed SASB Solar Technology & Project Developers 
sustainability accounting standards and its reporting requirements for aspects which are 
material to our business.  

Data  in  this  report  for  the  year  ended  and  as  of  December  31,  2022,  except  where 
otherwise noted. Comparative data for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 is 
also  provided.  Our  2021,  2020  and  2019  U.K.  Annual  Reports  and  ESG  Reports  are 
available for download from our website. 

ESG data reported corresponds to all consolidated subsidiaries, regardless of Atlantica’s 
percentage of ownership in each of the subsidiaries. 

A multi-disciplinary team participated in the preparation of this report. 

Currency amounts are expressed in U.S. Dollars unless otherwise noted. 

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures: 

This report contains non-GAAP financial measures including Adjusted EBITDA, CAFD and 
CAFD per share. 

Non-GAAP  financial  measures  are  not  measurements  of  our  performance  or  liquidity 
under IFRS and should not be considered alternatives to operating profit or profit for the 
period or any other performance measures derived in accordance with IFRS or any other 
generally accepted accounting principles or as alternatives to cash flow from operating, 
investing  or  financing  activities.  Please  refer  to  the  section  “Other  Information- 
Reconciliation of non-GAAP measures” of this report for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP 
financial  measures  included  in  this  Report  to  the  most  directly  comparable  financial 
measures  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS.  Also,  please  refer  to  the  following 
paragraphs in this section for an explanation of the reasons why management believes 
the use of non-GAAP financial measures (including CAFD, CAFD per share and Adjusted 
EBITDA) in this Report provides useful information to investors. 

We present non-GAAP financial measures because we believe that they and other similar 
measures are widely used by certain investors, securities analysts and other interested 
parties as supplemental measures of performance and liquidity. The non-GAAP financial 
measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies 
and have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a 
substitute  for  analysis  of  our  operating  results  as  reported  under  IFRS.  Non-GAAP 
financial  measures  and  ratios  are  not  measurements  of  our  performance  or  liquidity 
under IFRS and should not be considered as alternatives to operating profit or profit for 
the year or any other performance measures derived in accordance with IFRS or any other 
generally accepted accounting principles or as alternatives to cash flow from operating, 
investing or financing activities. 

Some of the limitations of these non-GAAP measures are: 

•  they do not reflect our cash expenditures, future requirements for capital expenditures 

or contractual commitments; 

•  they do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; 
•  they  may  not  reflect  the  significant  interest  expense,  or  the  cash  requirements 

necessary, to service interest or principal payments, on our debts; 

•  although  depreciation  and  amortisation  are  non-cash  charges,  the  assets  being 
depreciated and amortised will often need to be replaced in the future and Adjusted 
EBITDA, CAFD and CAFD per share do not reflect any cash requirements that would 
be required for such replacements; and  

•  the fact that other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA, CAFD 
and  CAFD  per  share  differently  than  we  do,  which  limits  their  usefulness  as 
comparative measures. 

Adjusted  EBITDA  is  calculated  as  profit/(loss)  for  the  year  attributable  to  the  parent 
company, after adding back loss/(profit) attributable to non-controlling interest, income 
tax expense, financial expense (net), depreciation, amortisation and impairment charges 
of entities included in the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and depreciation 
and amortisation, financial expense and income tax expense of unconsolidated affiliates 
(pro rata of our equity ownership). Until September 30, 2021, Adjusted EBITDA excluded 
equity of profit/(loss) of entities carried under the equity method and did not include 

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income  tax  expense  of 
depreciation  and  amortisation,  financial  expense  and 
unconsolidated affiliates (pro rata of our equity ownership). Periods prior to December 
2021, have been presented accordingly. CAFD is calculated as cash distributions received 
by the Company from its subsidiaries minus cash expenses of the Company, including 
debt service and general and administrative expenses. CAFD per share is calculated as 
CAFD divided by the weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares of the 
Company during the period. 

Our  management  believes  Adjusted  EBITDA,  CAFD  and  CAFD  per  share  are  useful  to 
investors  and  other  users  of  our  financial  statements  in  evaluating  our  operating 
performance  because  they  provide  them with  an  additional  tool  to  compare  business 
performance across companies and across periods. Adjusted EBITDA is widely used by 
investors to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such 
as  interest  expense,  taxes,  depreciation  and  amortisation, which  can  vary  substantially 
from  company  to  company  depending  upon  accounting  methods  and  book  value  of 
assets, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired. Our management 
believes  CAFD  and  CAFD  per  share  are  relevant  supplemental  measurements  of  the 
Company’s  ability  to  earn  and  distribute  cash  returns  to  investors  and  are  useful  to 
investors in evaluating our operating performance because securities analysts and other 
interested  parties  use  such  calculations  as  a  measure  of  our  ability  to  make  quarterly 
distributions. In addition, CAFD and CAFD per share are used by our management team 
for determining future acquisitions and managing our growth. Adjusted EBITDA, CAFD 
and CAFD per share are widely used by other companies in the same industry. 

Our  management  uses  Adjusted  EBITDA,  CAFD  and  CAFD  per  share  as  measures  of 
operating performance to assist in comparing performance from period to period on a 
consistent basis moving forward. They also readily view operating trends as a measure 
for  planning  and forecasting  overall  expectations,  for  evaluating actual  results  against 
such  expectations,  and  for  communicating  with  our  Board  of  Directors,  shareholders, 
creditors, analysts and investors concerning our financial performance. 

Information presented as the pro rata share of our unconsolidated affiliates reflects our 
proportionate ownership of each asset in our portfolio that we do not consolidate and 
has been calculated by multiplying our unconsolidated affiliates’ financial statement line 
items  by  the  Company’s  percentage  ownership  thereto.  Note  7  to  the  Annual 
Consolidated Financial Statements includes a description of our unconsolidated affiliates 
and  our  pro  rata  share  thereof.  We  do  not  control  the  unconsolidated  affiliates. 
Multiplying our unconsolidated affiliates’ financial statement line items by the Company’s 
percentage ownership may not accurately represent the legal and economic implications 
of  holding  a  non-controlling  interest  in  an  unconsolidated  affiliate.  We  include 
depreciation  and  amortisation,  financial  expense  and 
income  tax  expense  of 
unconsolidated affiliates (pro rata of our equity ownership) because we believe it assists 
investors in estimating the effect of such items in the profit/(loss) of entities carried under 
the equity method (which is included in the calculation of our Adjusted EBITDA) based 
on our economic interest in such unconsolidated affiliates. Each unconsolidated affiliate 
may report a specific line item in its financial statements in a different manner. In addition, 
other  companies  in  our  industry  may  calculate  their  proportionate  interest  in 
unconsolidated  affiliates  differently  than  we  do,  limiting  the  usefulness  of  such 

8 

 
 
information  as  a  comparative  measure.  Because  of  these  limitations,  the  information 
presented as the pro rata share of our unconsolidated affiliates should not be considered 
in  isolation  or  as  a  substitute  for  our  or  such  unconsolidated  affiliates’  financial 
statements  as  reported  under  applicable  accounting  principles.  Please  refer  to  “Other 
Information” section for additional information regarding reconciliations from non-GAAP 
measures. 

9 

 
 
 
 
Renewable Energy – Solar 

1,540 MW In Operation 

19 Assets 

64% of our 2022 Revenue 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 
This Strategic Report has been prepared to provide shareholders with information that 
will aid them in assessing Atlantica’s strategies and the potential of such strategies to 
succeed. 

The Strategic Report contains certain forward-looking statements that are made by the 
directors in good faith and based on the information available to them up to the time of 
their approval of this report. These statements should be treated with caution due to the 
uncertainties,  including  both  economic  and  business  risk  factors,  inherent  in  such 
forward-looking information. 

The directors have prepared this Strategic Report in compliance with Section 414C of the 
Companies Act 2006.  

The Strategic Report discusses the following areas: 

Events during the period. 

-  Our sustainable business model and strategy. 
- 
-  United Nations Global Compact (UNGC). 
-  Key performance indicators. 
-  A fair review of the business. 
-  Principal risks and uncertainties. 
Environment sustainability. 
- 
-  Social sustainability. 
-  Asset management 
-  Cybersecurity and data privacy. 
- 
-  Tax management. 
-  Section 172 statement. 
-  Going concern basis. 

Innovation management. 

Our Sustainable Business Model and Strategy 

Our Business 

Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc’s purpose is to support the transition towards a 
more sustainable world by investing in and managing sustainable infrastructure assets, 
while creating long-term value for our stakeholders. We are a sustainable infrastructure 
company  with  a  majority  of  our  business  in  renewable  energy  assets.  In  2022,  our 
renewable  sector  represented  approximately  75%  of  our  revenue  with  solar  energy 
representing approximately 64%. We complement our renewable assets portfolio with 
storage, efficient natural gas, and transmission infrastructure assets, as enablers of the 
transition towards a clean energy mix. We also hold water assets, a relevant sector for 
sustainable development.  

As of December 31, 2022, we own or have an interest in a portfolio of assets and new 
projects  under  development  diversified  in  terms  of  business  sector  and  geographic 
footprint.  Our  portfolio  consists  of  41  assets  with  2,121  MW  of  aggregate  renewable 

12 

 
 
energy installed generation capacity, (of which approximately 73% is solar), 343 MW of 
efficient natural gas-fired power generation capacity, 55 MWt of district heating capacity, 
1,229 miles of electric transmission lines and 17.5 M ft3 per day of water desalination. 

We currently own and manage operating facilities and projects under development in 
North  America  (United  States,  Canada,  and  Mexico),  South  America  (Peru,  Chile, 
Colombia, and Uruguay) and EMEA (Spain, Italy, Algeria, and South Africa). Our assets 
generally have contracted or regulated revenue. As of December 31, 2022, our assets had 
a weighted average remaining contract life of approximately 14 years11. 

Our plan for executing this strategy includes the following key components: 

Focus on stable assets in the power and water sectors, including renewable energy, 
storage, efficient natural gas and heat, transmission assets, as well as water assets, 
generally contracted or regulated. 

We  intend  to  focus on owning  and  operating  stable,  sustainable  infrastructure  assets, 
with  long  useful  lives,  generally  contracted,  for  which  we  believe  we  have  extensive 
experience and proven systems and management processes, as well as the critical mass 
to  benefit  from  operating  efficiencies  and  scale.  We  intend  to  maintain  a  diversified 
portfolio  with  a  large  majority  of  our  Adjusted  EBITDA  generated  from  low-carbon 
footprint assets, as we believe these sectors will see significant growth in our targeted 
geographies. 

Maintain diversification across our business sectors and geographies. 

Our focus on three core geographies, North America, Europe and South America, helps 
to  ensure  exposure  to  markets  in  which  we  believe  renewable  energy,  storage  and 
transmission will  continue  to  grow  significantly. We  believe  that  our  diversification  by 
business sector and geography provides us with access to different sources of growth. 

Grow our business through the optimisation of the existing portfolio and through 
investments in the expansion of our current assets. 

We  intend  to  grow  our  business  through  organic  growth  that  we  expect  to  deliver 
through the optimisation of the existing portfolio, price escalation factors in many of our 
assets, as well as through investments in the expansion and repowering of our current 
assets  and  hybridisation  of  existing  assets  with  other  complementary  technologies 
including storage, particularly in our renewable energy assets and transmission lines. 

Grow our business by developing new projects and investing in new assets in the 
business sectors where we are present 

We will seek to grow our business by investing in new assets, generally totally or partially 
contracted or regulated. We intend to develop new assets and in some cases to invest in 
assets under development or construction either directly or with partners. We currently 
own a pipeline of assets under development and construction in North America, Europe 
and  South  America  with  approximately  2.0  GW  of  renewable  energy  projects  and 

11 Calculated as weighted average years remaining as of December 31, 2022 based on CAFD estimates for the 2023-2026 
period, including assets that have reached COD before March 1, 2023. 

13 

 
 
 
approximately  5.6  GWh  of  storage  projects  under  development12.  We  also  expect  to 
acquire assets from third parties leveraging the local presence and network we have in 
the geographies and sectors in which we operate. We believe that our know-how and 
operating expertise in our key markets together with a critical mass of assets in several 
geographic areas as well as our access to capital provided by being a listed company will 
assist us in achieving our growth plans. 

Foster a low-risk approach 

We intend to maintain a portfolio of sustainable infrastructure assets, generally totally or 
partially contracted, with a low-risk profile for a significant part of our revenue. A large 
majority of our revenue is contracted or regulated. We generally seek to invest in assets 
with proven technologies in which we generally have significant experience, located in 
countries where we believe conditions to be stable and safe. We may complement our 
portfolio  with  investments  or  co-investments  in  assets  with  shorter  contracts  or  with 
partially contracted or merchant revenue or in assets with revenue in currencies other 
than the U.S. dollar or euro.  

Additionally, our policies and management systems include thorough risk analysis and 
risk management processes applied on an ongoing basis. Our policy is to insure all of 
our  assets  whenever  economically  feasible,  retaining  in  some  cases  part  of  the  risk  in 
house. 

Maintain a prudent financial policy and financial flexibility 

Non-recourse  project  debt  is  an  important  principle  for  us.  We  intend  to  continue 
financing our assets with project debt progressively amortised using the cash flows from 
each asset and where lenders do not have recourse to the holding company assets. The 
majority of our consolidated debt is project debt. 

In addition, we hedge a significant portion of our interest rate risk exposure. We estimate 
that as of December 31, 2022, approximately 93% of our total interest risk exposure was 
fixed  or  hedged,  generally  for  the  long-term.  We  also  limit  our  foreign  exchange 
exposure. We intend to ensure that at least 80% of our cash available for distribution is 
always in U.S. dollars and euros. Furthermore, we hedge net distributions in euros for the 
upcoming 24 months on a rolling basis. 

We also intend to maintain a solid financial position through a combination of cash on 
hand  and  undrawn  credit  facilities.  In  order  to  maintain  financial  flexibility,  we  use 
diversified sources of financing in our project and corporate debt including banks, capital 
markets  and  private  investor  financing.  In  recent  years  we  have  been  active  in  green 
financing initiatives, improving our access to new debt investors. 

12 Only includes projects estimated to be ready to build before or in 2030 of approximately 3.2 GW, 1.9 GW of renewable 
energy and 1.3 GW of storage (equivalent to 5.7 GWh). Capacity measured by multiplying the size  of each project by 
Atlantica’s ownership. Potential expansions of transmission lines not included. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
Atlantica: a Sustainable 
Infrastructure Platform 

  GROWTH PIPELINE 

• 2.0GW + 5.6GWh storage 
• Expansion/repowering 

opportunities 

• Greenfield development 

portfolio 

• M&A 

CONTRACTED PORTFOLIO 

Critical mass (>$9 billion in total assets) 

•
• >70% renewable energy 
• Diversified by geography and technology 

ESG 

OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE 

PRUDENT FINANCING 

•CDP A list 
•Sustainalytics industry top rated 
•S&P CSA 2022 Global 
Sustainability Yearbook 
•Global 100 Corporate Knights 
•#1 globally GRESB disclosure  

• In-house operation and 
maintenance in ~60% of 
business 

• BB+ S&P, Fitch 
• Mostly non-recourse 

debt 

• Technical expertise across 

• Refinancing 

technologies 

opportunities 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Our Competitive Strengths 

We believe that we are well-positioned to execute our business strategies thanks to the 
following competitive strengths: 

Stable and predictable long-term cash flows  

We believe that our portfolio of sustainable infrastructure has a stable cash flow profile. 
We  estimate  that  the  off-take  agreements  or  regulation  in  place  at  our  assets  have  a 
weighted average remaining term of approximately 1413 years as of December 31, 2022, 
providing long-term cash flow visibility. In 2022, approximately 51% of our revenue was 
non-dependent on  natural  resource,  not  subject  to  the  volatility  that  natural  resource 
may have, especially solar and wind resources. This includes our transmission lines, our 
efficient  natural  gas  plant,  our  water  assets  and  approximately  76%  of  the  revenue 
received from our solar assets in Spain with most of their revenues based on capacity in 
accordance with the regulation in place. In these assets, our revenue is not subject to (or 
has low dependence on) solar, wind or geothermal resources, which translates into more 
stable  cash-flow  generation.  Going  forward,  our  new  investments  will  probably  be 
dependent on the natural resource. Additionally, our facilities have minimal or no fuel 
risk. 

Our diversification by geography and business sector also strengthens the stability of our 
cash flow generation. We expect our well-diversified asset portfolio, in terms of business 
sector and geography to maintain cash flow stability. 

Furthermore, due to the fact that we are a U.K. registered company, we should benefit 
from a more favourable treatment than if we were a corporation based in the U.S. when 
receiving dividends from our subsidiaries that hold our international assets because they 
should generally be exempt from U.K. taxation due to the U.K.’s distribution exemption. 
Based on our current portfolio of assets, which includes renewable assets that benefit 
from an accelerated tax depreciation schedule, and tax regulations benefits permitted in 
the jurisdictions in which we operate, under current regulations we do not expect to pay 
significant income tax in the upcoming years in most of our geographies due to existing 
net operating losses, or NOLs. Furthermore, based on our existing portfolio of assets, we 
believe that there is limited repatriation risk in the jurisdictions in which we operate.  

Positioned in business sectors with high growth prospects 

The renewable energy industry has grown significantly in recent years and it is expected 
to  continue  to  grow  in  the  coming  decades.  According  to  Bloomberg  New  Energy 
Finance  2022,  renewable  energy  is  expected  to  account  for  the  majority  of  new 
investments in the power sector in most markets. In Bloomberg’s economic transition 
scenario, 22.9 TW of new capacity additions are expected by 2050. Solar PV, wind and 
battery storage see the largest deployment with 19.5 TW, collectively capturing 85% of 
this new power capacity. Total required investment in energy infrastructure over the next 
three decades tops $119 trillion. To achieve this, annual investment will need to more 
than double from around $2.0 trillion, to $4.1 trillion. 

13 Calculated as weighted average years remaining as of December 31, 2022 based on CAFD estimates for the 2023-
2026 period, including assets that have reached COD before March 1, 2023. 

16 

 
 
 
The  significant  increase  expected  in  the  renewable  energy  space  over  the  coming 
decades  also  requires  significant  new  investments  in  electric  transmission  and 
distribution  lines  for  power  supply,  as  well  as  storage  and  natural  gas  generation  for 
dispatchability, with each becoming key elements to support additional wind and solar 
energy generation. We believe that we are well positioned in sectors with solid growth 
expectations. 

We also believe that our diversified exposure to international markets will allow us to 
pursue improved growth opportunities and achieve higher returns than we would have 
if  we  had  a  narrower  geographic  or  technological  focus.  If  certain  geographies  and 
business sectors become more competitive for investments in the future, we believe we 
can continue to execute on our growth strategy by having the flexibility to invest in other 
regions or in other business sectors. 

Well positioned to capture growth opportunities 

Our current portfolio of assets offers growth opportunities through the expansion and 
repowering  of  existing  assets  and  through  hybridization  of  existing  assets  with  other 
complementary  technologies.  We  can  also  grow  by  adding  storage  to  our  existing 
renewable  assets  or  by developing  standalone  storage  close  to  our  existing  assets.  In 
addition, we have in-house development capabilities and partnerships with third parties 
to co-develop new projects. 

Well positioned in ESG 

In 2022, 74% of our Adjusted EBITDA was derived from renewable energy and 62% of 
our Adjusted EBITDA corresponded to solar energy production. Adjusted EBITDA from 
low carbon footprint assets represented 89.4%, including renewable energy, transmission 
infrastructure, as well as water assets.  

Among others, we have targeted: 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

to maintain over 80% of our Adjusted EBITDA generated from low-carbon footprint 
assets; 
to reduce Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions per KWh of energy generated by 70% by 
2035  from  a  2020  base  year.  This  is  a  GHG  reduction  objective  approved  by  the 
Science Based Target initiative; 
to reduce Scope 3 GHG emission per KWh of energy generated by 70% by 2035 from 
a 2020 base year; 
to achieve Net Zero GHG emission by 2040; 
to  reduce  our  non-GHG emissions  per  KWh  of  energy  generated  by 50%  by 2035 
from a 2020 base year. 

We  refer  to  the  sections  United  Nations  Global  Compact  and  Environmental 
Sustainability for more details.  

17 

 
 
 
 
Growth Visibility 

As of December 31, 2022 we had 41 assets in operation. In addition, we currently have 
the following assets under construction or ready to start construction in the short-term:  

Expected 
Investment  
($ million) 
40-50 
303 

11 

11 

11 

3 

12 

Off-taker 

N.A. 
Regulated 

Enel 
Colombia 
Enel 
Colombia 
Enel 
Colombia 
Solana 

Conelsur5 

Asset 

Type 

Location 

Capacity 
(Gross) 

Expected 
COD 

Coso Batteries 1 
Chile PMGD2 

Battery Storage 
Solar PV  

California, US 
Chile 

100 MWh  
80 MW 

Honda 14 

Honda 24 

Apulo 14 

Solar PV 

Colombia 

10 MW 

Solar PV 

Colombia 

10 MW 

2023 

Solar PV 

Colombia 

10 MW 

2023 

2024 
2023 - 
2024 
2023 

Solana C&I PV 

Raurapata 

Solar PV (behind 
the metre) 
Transmission Line 

Arizona, US 

2.5 MW 

2023 

Peru 

3.9KM 
220Kv 

2024 

Notes- 
(1) Includes nominal capacity on a 100% basis, not considering Atlantica’s ownership. 
(2) Atlantica owns 49% of the shares, with joint control, in Chile PMGD. 
(3) Corresponds to the expected investment by Atlantica. 
(4) Atlantica owns 50% of the shares in Honda 1, Honda 2 and Apulo 1. 
(5) The contract is in the process of being transferred to Conelsur. 

Development Pipeline 

We have been developing new projects in most of our core geographies. In some cases, 
we do this with our local in-house teams and in other cases we have been working with 
local partners with whom we jointly invest in developing projects or with whom we have 
agreements based on milestones. 

By  focusing  our  development  activities  on  locations  where  we  already  have  assets  in 
operation and by working in many cases with partners, we have been able to maintain 
our development cost at what we believe are low levels. 

We currently have a pipeline of assets under development of approximately 2.0 GW of 
renewable energy and 5.6 GWh of storage. Approximately 40% of the projects are in PV, 
40% in storage and 19% in wind, while 18% of the projects are expected to reach ready 
to build (“Rtb”) in 2023 or 2024, 17% are in an advanced development stage and 65% are 
in early stage. 

Pipeline of Assets Under Development14 

North America 

Europe 
South America 

Total 

Renewable Energy (GW) 
1.0 

Storage (GWh) 
4.1 

0.4 
0.6 

2.0 

1.3 
0.2 

5.6 

14 Only includes projects estimated to be ready to build before or in 2030 of approximately 3.3 GW, 2.0 GW of renewable 
energy and 1.3 GW of storage (equivalent to 5.6 GWh). Capacity measured by multiplying the size of each project by 
Atlantica’s ownership. Potential expansions of transmission lines not included. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
By Project Type (GW) 

By Project Stage (GW) 

By Source (GW)13  

1%

40%

40%

19%

PV

Wind

Storage

Others

18%

Rtb 23-24

17%

Advanced

65%

Early Stage

74%

26%

Repowering,
expansion of
existing
assets

Greenfield
development
s

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Renewable Energy – Wind 

442 MW In Operation 

7 Assets 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Events During the Period  

Investments 

•  In January 2022, we closed the acquisition of Chile TL4, a 63-mile transmission line 
and 2 substations in Chile for a total equity investment of $38.4 million. We expect to 
expand  the  transmission  line  in  2023-2024,  which  would  represent  an  additional 
investment of approximately $8 million. The asset has fully contracted revenues in U.S. 
dollars, with annual inflation adjustments and a 50-year remaining contract life. The 
off-takers are several mini hydro plants that receive contracted or regulated payments. 

•  In April 2022, we closed the acquisition of Italy PV 4, a 3.6 MW solar portfolio in Italy 
for a total equity investment of $3.7 million. The asset has regulated revenues under 
a feed-in tariff until 2031. 

• 

In  May  2022,  together  with  our  partner,  we  closed  a  7.5-year  PPA  extension  for 
Monterrey with our current off-takers. The extension will involve an investment that is 
expected to be financed with cash available at the asset level. The main objective of 
the  investment  is  to  achieve  improvements  in  the  asset  to  provide,  among  other 
things, additional battery capacity and additional redundancy of electric power supply. 
The PPA, which is denominated in U.S. dollars, now ends in 2046. 

•  In July 2022 we closed a 12-year transmission service agreement denominated in U.S. 
dollars  that  will  allow  us  to  build  a  substation  and  a  2.4-mile  transmission  line 
connected to our ATN transmission line serving a new mine in Peru. The substation is 
expected  to  enter  in  operation  in  2024  and  the  investment  is  expected  to  be 
approximately $12 million. 

• 

In September 2022, we closed the acquisition of Chile PV 3, a 73 MW solar PV plant 
through our renewable energy platform in Chile. The equity investment corresponding 
to our 35% equity interest was $8 million, and we expect to install batteries with a 
capacity  of  approximately  100  MWh  in  2023-2024.  Total  investment  including 
batteries is expected to be in the range of $15 million to $25 million depending on 
the  capital  structure.  Part  of  the  asset’s  revenue  is  currently  based  on  capacity 
payments. Adding storage would increase the portion of capacity payments. 

•  In September 2022, we agreed our first investment in a standalone battery storage 
project of 100 MWh (4 hours) capacity located inside Coso, our geothermal asset in 
California. Our investment is expected to be in the range of $40 million to $50 million. 
This project is at an advanced stage of development and we are preparing to start 
construction, with COD expected in 2024. 

•  In November 2022, we closed the acquisition of a 49% interest, with joint control, in 
an 80 MW portfolio of solar PV projects in Chile which is currently starting construction 
(Chile  PMGD).  Our  economic  rights  are  expected  to  be  approximately  70%.  Total 
investment in equity and preferred equity is expected to be $30 million and COD is 
expected to be progressive in 2023 and 2024. Revenue for these assets is regulated 
under  the  Small  Distributed  Generation  Means  Regulation  Regime  (“PMGD”)  for 
projects  with  a  capacity  equal  or  lower  than  9  MW  which  allows  to  sell  electricity 
through a stabilised price. 

21 

 
 
•  In  addition,  we  have  finished  construction  of  the  three  assets  that  we  had  under 

construction and have reached or are about to reach COD: 

-  Albisu,  the  10  MW  PV  asset  wholly  owned  by  us  reached  COD  in  January  2023. 
Albisu is located in Uruguay and has a 15-year PPA with Montevideo  Refrescos, 
S.R.L, a subsidiary of Coca-Cola Femsa., S.A.B. de C.V. The PPA is denominated in 
local currency with a maximum and minimum price in U.S. dollars and is adjusted 
monthly  based  on  a  formula  referring  to  the  U.S.  Producer  Price  Index  (PPI), 
Uruguay’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the applicable UYU/U.S. dollar exchange 
rate. 

-  La  Tolua  and  Tierra  Linda  are  two  solar  PV  assets  in  Colombia with  a combined 
capacity of 30 MW. Each plant has a 10-year PPA (commencing on COD) in local 
currency with Coenersa, the largest independent electricity wholesaler in Colombia.  

Corporate Financing Activities during the year 

On February 28, 2022, we established an “at-the-market programme” and entered into a 
Distribution Agreement with BofA Securities, Inc., MUFG Securities Americas Inc. and RBC 
Capital Markets LLC, as our sales agents, under which we may offer and sell from time to 
time  up  to  $150  million  of  our  ordinary  shares,  including  in  “at-the-market”  offerings 
under our shelf registration statement on Form F-3 filed with the SEC on August 3, 2021, 
and  a  prospectus  supplement  that  we  filed  on  February  28, 2022.  For  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022, we issued and sold 3,423,593 ordinary shares under this programme 
at an average market price of $33.57 per share pursuant to our Distribution Agreement, 
representing gross proceeds of $114.9 million and net proceeds of $113.8 million. This 
programme  replaced  our  previous  “at-the  market  programme”  with  J.P.  Morgan 
Securities, LLC. 

Project Financing Activities during the year 

In October 2022, we refinanced the project debt of Solacor 1 & 2 and in December 2022, 
we refinanced the project debt of Solnova 1, 3 & 4. We refer to section “Liquidity” under 
“Financial Review” for more information. 

Inflation Reduction Act 

On  August  16,  2022,  the  U.S.  Inflation  Reduction  Act  (“IRA”)  was  signed  into  law.  The 
provisions  of  the  IRA  are  intended  to,  among  other  things,  incentivise  clean  energy 
investments. The IRA includes, among other incentives, a 30% solar Investment Tax Credit 
(“ITC”) for solar projects to be built by 2032, that can be increased for projects that meet 
certain criteria, a Production Tax Credit (“PTC”) for wind projects to be built by 2032, a 
30% ITC for standalone storage projects to be built by 2032 and a new tax credit that will 
award up to $3/kg for low carbon hydrogen. The IRA also includes transferability options 
for the ITCs and PTCs, which should allow an easier and faster monetisation of these tax 
credits. 

22 

 
 
 
 
Regulation in Spain 

As  expected,  in  2022  the  Administration  in  Spain  approved  measures  to  adjust  the 
regulated revenue component for renewable energy plants, following the increase since 
mid-2021 in the billings of these plants for the sale of electricity in the market. On March 
30, 2022, Royal Decree Law 6/2022 was published, adopting urgent measures in response 
to the economic and social consequences of the war in Ukraine. This Royal Decree Law 
contains a bundle of measures in diverse fields, including those targeted at containing 
the sharp rise in gas and electricity prices. It includes temporary changes to the detailed 
regulated  components  of  revenue  received  by  our  solar  assets  in  Spain,  which  are 
applicable from January 1, 2022. Specifically, prior to the entry into force of these new 
regulation, the level of remuneration under that specific remuneration system depended 
on the market price estimates used to calculate it, which are revised in each regulatory 
semi-period. Now, under Article 5 of Royal Decree Law 6/2022, an extraordinary measure 
has been taken to subdivide the current regulatory semi-period, so as to create a new 
semi-period between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022 and the remuneration will 
be reviewed also taking into account future OMIP prices. Further on May 14, 2022, the 
Royal Decree Law 10/2022 was published, including the so-called “Iberian mechanism”, 
which is the temporary production cost adjustment mechanism for reducing the price of 
electricity in the wholesale market. The proposed remuneration parameters for the year 
2022 were published on May 12, 2022 in draft form and became final on December 14, 
2022. The main changes to the detailed regulated revenue components received by the 
solar assets of the Company in Spain are as follows: 

−  The statutory half-period of three years from 2020 to 2022 has been split into two 
statutory  half-periods  (1)  from  January  1,  2020  until  December  31  2021  and  (2) 
calendar year 2022. As a result, the fixed monthly payment based on installed capacity 
(Remuneration on Investment or Rinv) for calendar year 2022 was revised in the new 
Order TED/1232/2022. The proposed Rinv is detailed in the table below. 

−  The electricity market price assumed by the regulation for calendar year 2022 was 
changed  from  €48.82  per  MWh  to  an  expected  price  of  €121.9  per  MWh,  i.e.,  the 
remuneration parameters of 2022 have been updated with real prices of 2020 (33.94 
€/MWh) and 2021 (111.90 €/MWh) and the future prices of OMIP for 2022 (value of 
second semester 2021: 121.9 €/MWh). As a result, the variable payment based on net 
electricity  produced  (Remuneration  on  Operation  or  Ro),  was  also  adjusted.  The 
proposed Ro for the year 2022 is zero €/MWh for most of our assets reflecting the 
fact that market prices for the power sold in the market are significantly higher. 

Since our assets in Spain are regulated and are entitled to receive a “reasonable rate of 
return”,  we  do  not  expect  any  significant  impact  in  the  long-term  in  the  value  of  our 
assets. 

23 

 
 
 
 
Remuneration 
on Investment 
2022 (euros/MW) 

Remuneration on 
Operation 
2022 (euros/GWh) 

Maximum 
Hours 

Minimum 
Hours 

Operating 
Threshold   

Useful 
Life 

Solaben 2 

25 years 

390,453 

Solaben 3 

25 years 

390,453 

Solacor 1 

25 years 

Solacor 2 

25 years 

390,453 

390,453 

PS 10 

PS 20 

25 years 

543,185 

25 years 

401,296 

Helioenergy 1  25 years 

385,014 

Helioenergy 2  25 years 

385,014 

Helios 1 

25 years 

398,498 

Helios 2 

25 years 

398,498 

Solnova 1 

25 years 

404,292 

Solnova 3 

25 years 

Solnova 4 

25 years 

404,292 

404,292 

Solaben 1 

25 years 

395,304 

Solaben 6 

25 years 

395,304 

Seville PV 

30 years 

696,418 

0 

0 

0 

0 

7,580 

1,777 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   1,840 

   1,104 

   1,840 

   1,104 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   2,008 

   1,205 

   2,041 

   1,225 

703 

703 

703 

703 

644 

644 

703 

703 

703 

703 

703 

703 

703 

703 

703 

714 

For the three-year half period starting on January 1, 2023 and ending on December 31, 
2025, the adjustment for electricity price deviations in the preceding statutory half period 
will  be  progressively  modified  to  take  into  account  a  mix  of  actual  market  prices  and 
future market prices.  

In addition, on December 28, 2022 the proposed parameters for 2023 were published in 
draft form. They are subject to final publication. 

Main ESG Actions during the year 

Investing in sustainable infrastructure is only one part of our strategy. Managing those 
assets in a sustainable way is key to creating long-term value. We have launched several 
initiatives  to  ensure  that  we  efficiently  and  sustainably  manage  key  areas  of  our 
Company: 

1.  Zero-accident culture. Health and Safety is our number one priority, and we want 
our employees, partners, and contractors to apply the highest standards to ensure 
safe and sustainable operations. In 2022, our key health and safety indicators met 
annual targets and remained below the sector average in all our geographies. Refer 
to the occupational health and safety section for further details on our safety culture. 

2. 

Improved our Ethics and Corporate Governance culture. The Board updated the 
Compliance  documents,  including  the  Supplier  Code  of  Conduct  and  the  Anti-
Corruption Policy. 

24 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
3.  Green Financing 

We have developed a Green Finance Framework to issue green finance instruments 
to finance or refinance renewable energy infrastructure, as well as transmission lines 
dedicated to supplying renewable energy to the grid. The Framework is aligned with 
our strategy and the use of proceeds will contribute to the advancement of the United 
Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Affordable and Clean Energy. The 
framework has a Second Party Opinion (SPO) delivered by Sustainalytics. 

In April 2022, we updated our Green Finance Report on our website with a list of the 
green projects to which the green financing proceeds have been allocated. 

In October 2022, we refinanced the project debt of Solacor 1 & 2, two 50MW installed 
capacity  solar  assets.  The  new  financing  is  a  green  euro-denominated  loan  with  a 
syndicate  of  banks  for  a  total  amount  of  €205.0  million.  The  maturity  has  been 
extended until 2037. The green non-recourse financing was issued in compliance with 
the Green Loan Principles.  

In December 2022, we refinanced the project debt of Solnova 1, 3 & 4, three 50 MW 
installed  capacity  solar  assets.  The  new  financing  agreement  is  a  green  euro-
denominated loan with a syndicate of banks for a total amount of €338.5 million. The 
new project debt has replaced the previous three project loans. The maturity has been 
extended until 2035. The green non-recourse financing was issued in compliance with 
the Green Loan Principles. 

4.  Improved our environment and social awareness 

In 2022, we actively posted ESG content on social media to increase ESG awareness 
among our stakeholders.  

Source: In-house 

5.  Offset our GHG emissions 

Global  warming  is  a  challenge  that  requires  the  active  participation  of  public  and 
private  organisations.  In  2022,  as  part  of  our  commitment  to  sustainability,  we 

25 

 
 
 
continued  mitigating  our  GHG  emissions.  We  encourage  you  to  read  our  GHG 
emissions  section  for  detailed  information  on  our  mechanism  to  offset  GHG 
emissions. 

Recent Development 

On February 21, 2023, Atlantica’s Board of Directors commenced a process to explore 
and  evaluate  potential  strategic  alternatives  that  may  be  available  to  Atlantica  to 
maximize shareholder value. The Company believes it has attractive growth and other 
opportunities in front of it and is committed to ensuring that its diversified portfolio 
of  assets  and  growth  platform  is  best  positioned  to  take  advantage  of  those 
opportunities.  The  decision  of  Atlantica’s  Board  of  Directors  to  explore  strategic 
alternatives  has  the  support  of  the  Company’s  largest  shareholder,  Algonquin. 
Atlantica  expects  to  continue  executing  on  its  existing  plans  while  the  review  of 
strategic alternatives is ongoing, including its current growth plan and its focus on 
continuing to invest in accretive growth opportunities. There is no assurance that any 
specific  transaction  will  be  consummated,  or  other  strategic  change  will  be 
implemented as a result of this strategic review. 

26 

 
 
 
 
Very Good Progress on our ESG 
Credentials 

Included for the 2nd consecutive year in CDP’s Climate Change 
“A List”  

Included for the 2nd consecutive year in the S&P Global 
Sustainability Yearbook 

Utility Industry Top Rated ESG Risk Rating by Sustainalytics 

Ranked 1st on GRESB's Infrastructure Public Disclosure rating.  
Best Performer 

Recognised for the 3rd consecutive year as one of the World’s 
100 Most Sustainable Corporations 

Included for the 3rd consecutive year in the Bloomberg 
Gender-Equality Index (GEI) 

B score (“Management” band) in CDP’s Water Security 
disclosure 

Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) approved target to 
reduce Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions per kWh of electricity 
produced by 70% by 2035 from a 2020 base year 

Selected among the recipients of the Terra Carta Seal 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United Nations Global Compact (UNGC)  

Atlantica is a signatory to the UNGC, the world’s largest corporate sustainability initiative 
with more than 20,000 signatories in over 160 countries. The UNGC is an initiative that 
encourages companies and organisations worldwide to adopt sustainable and socially 
responsible policies. Participation in the UNGC is voluntary and those entities that sign it 
pledge  to  uphold  and  promote  the  principles  and  report  on  their progress  once  they 
apply them in their management.  

Atlantica formally adopted the ten fundamental UNGC principles in the fields of human 
rights, labour, environment, and anti-corruption and made the UNGC and its principles 
an integral part of our strategy, culture, and day-to-day operations. 

Atlantica is committed to aligning its actions to  7 of the 17 Sustainable Development 
Goals  (SDG):  climate  action;  affordable  and  clean  energy;  clean  water  and  sanitation; 
decent  work  and  economic  growth;  gender  equality;  life  on  land;  and  industry, 
innovation, and infrastructure.  

We are committed to using water efficiently in our power 
generation and water desalination activities. 

We have set a new plan to reduce our water consumption 
at our generating assets that use cycled water in the turbine 
circuit and in refrigeration processes. 

-  We have set a target to reduce our water consumption 
per  unit  of  energy  generated  (KWh)  by  50%  by  2035, 
from a 2020 base year which was approved by the Board 
of Directors. 

local  communities  and 

We invest in three water desalination plants that generate 
drinking  water  for 
industries 
through the desalination of sea water. In 2022, these assets 
generated  purified  seawater  to  meet  the  water  needs  of 
approximately  3  million  people  in  regions  with  limited 
access to fresh water. 

The three water desalination assets celebrated the World 
Water Day to raise awareness among local communities 
on the importance of sustainable water management. 

We encourage you to read our water management section 
for more detailed information. 

The  renewable  energy  industry  has  grown  significantly  in 
recent years and it is expected to continue to grow in the 
coming decades. This requires significant new investments 
in,  among  others,  storage  for  dispatchability  to  support 
additional wind and solar energy generation. 

In  2022,  our  renewable  sector  accounted  for  75%  of  our 
revenue, with solar energy representing 64%. We intend to 
continue to invest in additional clean energy assets to help 
increase the share of renewable energy in the global energy 
mix. 

Our main renewable energy and storage investments during 
2022 include: 
- A 3.6 MW solar PV portfolio in Italy. 
- A  73  MW  solar  PV  asset  in  Chile  through  a  renewable 
energy platform where we own approximately a 35% stake 
and  have  a  strategic  investor  role.  We  expect  to  add  a 
battery system of approximately 100 MWh in 2023-2024. 
- A  100  MWh  (4  hours)  capacity  battery  storage  in 
California. Commercial Operations Date (COD) is expected 
in 2024. 

- A  49%  interest  in  an  80  MW  solar  PV  portfolio  in  Chile 
currently  starting  construction.  COD  is  expected  to  be 
progressive in 2023 and 2024. 

- 30 MW solar PV projects under construction in Colombia. 

COD is expected in 2023. 

- Lastly,  our  3  solar  PV  assets  under-construction  in 
Uruguay and Colombia finished construction and reached 
or  are  about  to  reach  COD,  increasing  our  renewable 
energy capacity by 40 MW. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
Our  activity  has  a  positive  impact  on  mitigating  climate 
change. We are committed to the reduction of greenhouse 
gas  emissions  (GHG)  by  investing  in  renewable  energy 
assets.  

We  have  a  GHG  reduction  objective  approved  by  the 
Science Based Targets  initiative (SBTi). Atlantica targets  to 
reduce  Scope  1  and  2  GHG  emissions  per  kWh  of  energy 
generated by 70% by 2035 from a 2020 base year15.  

In  addition,  we  have  a  goal  to  maintain  over  80%  of  our 
adjusted  EBITDA  generated  from  low  carbon  footprint 
assets  including  renewable  energy,  storage,  transmission 
infrastructure and water assets. 

Following our long-term commitment to sustainability, we 
have set a new ambitious plan to reduce:  

1.  Our GHG emissions. We target to:  

(i)  reduce  Scope  3  GHG  emissions  per  kWh  of  energy 
generated by 70% by 2035 from a 2020 base year, and  

(ii) achieving Net Zero GHG emissions by 2040. 

2.  Our  non-GHG  emissions.  We  target  to  reduce  our  non-
GHG emissions per kWh of energy generated by 50% by 
2035 from a 2020 base year. 

In  2022,  we  helped  avoid  up  to  6.9  million  tonnes  of 
equivalent  CO2  compared  to  a  100%  fossil  fuel-based 
generation plant (vs. 5.9 million tonnes of equivalent CO2 in 
2021). 

Please  read  our  Environmental  Sustainability  section  for 
further details on our climate change related activities. 

We protect labour rights and are committed to promoting 
safe and secure working environments for all workers. We 
are committed to providing decent work for all women and 
men, young people and persons with disabilities and equal 
pay for work of equal value. 

We have always prioritised the health and safety of all our 
employees,  contractors  and  partners  working  at  our 
premises.  Our  key  health  and  safety  indicators  met  2022 
targets  and  remained  below  the  sector  average  in  all  our 
geographies.  

We  have  internal  policies  and  procedures  to  support  and 
ensure  human  rights,  including  the  Human  Rights  Policy, 
the  Code  of  Conduct  and  the  Supplier  Code  of  Conduct 
(available  on  our  website).  Our  internal  compliance  team 
annually: (i) monitors human rights are internally respected, 
(ii)  provides  human  rights  related  training  to  our 
employees,  and  (iii)  assesses  the  supply  chain  across  the 
jurisdictions in which we operate to identify any potential 
breach regarding human rights. 

In May 2022, the Board amended and approved our “U.K. 
Anti-Modern  Slavery  and  Human  Trafficking  Statements” 
under  the  Modern  Slavery  Act,  2015  (available  on  our 
website). 

No  human  rights  incidents  were  reported  or  identified 
during 2022. 

We are committed to supporting long-term development 
of the communities where we operate as part of our culture 
at  Atlantica.  It  is  key  for  us  to  be  a  proactive  and  valued 
member  of  our  communities  and  to  foster  communities’ 
economic  prosperity. 
local 
economic growth by choosing to buy from local businesses. 
In  2022,  more  than  90%  of  our  total  purchases  in  the 
geographies  where  we  have  assets  were  made  to  local 
suppliers. 

In  addition,  we  support 

As  of  December  31,  2022,  Atlantica  offered  over  150 
different  training  programmes  to  its  employees.  In  2022, 
employees completed an average of 29 hours of training. 

We  encourage  you  to  read  our  Social  and  Governance 
sections  for  details  on  occupational  health  and  safety, 
human  rights,  supply  chain  management  and  training-
related activities.  

15 The target boundary includes steam generation. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
Atlantica also supports other SDGs, as outlined below: 

We  work  to  protect  flora  and 
fauna in and around our assets 
and  have  a  “no  net  loss” 
commitment  on  biodiversity 
the  areas 
in 
conservation 
where we operate.  

the 

impact 

In  2022,  we  continued  to:  (i) 
of 
monitor 
local 
spinning  blades  on 
species  of  birds  at  our  wind 
in  Uruguay,  and  (ii) 
farms 
collaborate 
local 
with 
administrations and other key 
stakeholders 
protect 
species  settled  close  to  our 
assets in the U.S. and Spain. 

to 

in  2022  we 
In  addition, 
continued  to  deliver  on  our 
reforestation  programme 
in 
Spain,  where  we  planted 
approximately 14,000 trees. 

We encourage you to read the 
Environmental  Sustainability 
section  for  further  details  on 
our biodiversity initiatives. 

promote 

equal 
We 
opportunities 
our 
employees and stakeholders.  

for 

Atlantica  stands  for  greater 
equality for women. We work 
to  ensure  that  men  and 
women  are  treated  equally 
and  have  the  same  work 
opportunities. 

We analyse gender pay gap, 
for the year ended December 
31, 2022 the total overall pay 
gap was 13%. 

Women  represent  22%  of 
Atlantica’s 
of 
Directors.  

Board 

part 

As 
of  Atlantica's 
continuing  commitment  to 
gender  equality,  in  January 
2023  we  were  included  for 
the  3rd  consecutive  year  in 
the 
Bloomberg  Gender-
Equality  (GEI)  Index.  We  are 
companies 
one  of  485 
committed  to  nurturing  an 
equal and inclusive culture in 
the workplace.  

We  encourage  you  to  read 
the  Social  and  Governance 
sections for further details on 
gender equality. 

Infrastructure  is  a  key  driver  of  economic 
growth  and  social  value  creation.  At 
Atlantica,  we  produce  and 
transport 
electricity and we provide drinking water to 
local communities. Our water assets provide 
drinking  water  to  approximately  3  million 
people living in high or extremely high-water 
stress  areas.  Our  solar  asset  in  South  Africa 
contributes to providing clean electricity in a 
country  that  requires  additional  power 
capacity. In South America, our transmission 
lines  help  transport  electricity  to  remote 
areas.  In  addition,  we  foster  communities’ 
local 
economic 
purchasing and by hiring local employees. 

prosperity 

through 

In  2022,  we  invested  in  sustainable  energy 
infrastructure in the U.S., Mexico, Peru, Chile, 
Colombia and Italy.  

sector, 

the  energy 

Within 
innovation 
contributes  to  the  fight  against  climate 
change 
enhanced 
technologies  that  enable  more  sustainable, 
reliable  and  efficient  solutions,  including 
storage and green hydrogen solutions. 

through 

new 

or 

To ensure reliability of our assets we: (1) own 
31  patents  and  technology  licences,  as  well 
as  6  patents  currently  in  approval  process, 
related to key components of our assets, to 
processes  and  to  solutions  to  monitor, 
in  a 
operate  and  maintain  our  assets 
sustainable  and  cost  effective  manner,  (2) 
have  an  operations  department  to  identify 
potential  measures 
improve  asset 
performance,  reducing  operating  costs  and 
developing tools to manage our assets more 
efficiently,  and 
(3)  have  an  advanced 
analytics  team  to  improve  the  performance 
of  our  technologies  through  data  analytics 
and machine learning technologies. 

to 

We  encourage  you  to  read  the  Asset 
Management  and  Innovation  sections  for 
further  details  on  our  industry,  innovation 
and infrastructure initiatives. 

Communication on Progress (COP): 

This  Integrated  Annual  Report  constitutes  Atlantica’s  “Communication  on  Progress” 
under the UNGC. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Transmission Lines 

1,229 Miles 

7 Assets 

Key in Transition Towards Green Generation 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key Performance Indicators  

Financial KPIs 

$ in millions 
Revenue 

Operating Profit 

Net cash provided by operating activities 
Adjusted EBITDA 

Cash Available for Distribution (CAFD) 

Cash Available for Distribution (CAFD) per share (in USD) 

Total dividends paid 

2022 

1,102 

278 

586 

797 

238 

2.07 

203 

2021 

1,212 

354 

506 

824 

226 

2.03 

190 

2020 

1,013 

373 

438 

796 

201 

1.97 

169 

Annual Dividend Paid per Share  

1.77

1.72

1.66

2020

2021

2022

D
S
U
n

I

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.65

1.60

1.55

1.50

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Renewable energy 
MW in operation16 
GWh produced17 
Efficient natural gas 
MW in operation18 
GWh produced19 
Electric Availability (%) 
Electric transmission lines 
Miles in operation 
Availability (%) 
Water 
Mft3 in operation16 
Availability (%) 

Operational KPIs 

2022 

2,121 
5,319 

398 
2,501 
98.9% 

1,229 
100% 

17.5 
102.3% 

2021 

2,044 
4,655 

398 
2,292 
100.6% 

1,166 
100.0% 

17.5 
97.9% 

2020 

1,551 
3,244 

343 
2,574 
102.1% 

1,166 
100.0% 

17.5 
100.1% 

We  closely  monitor  the  following  key  drivers  of  our  business  sectors’  performance  to 
plan  for  our  needs,  and  to  adjust  our  expectations,  financial  budgets,  and  forecasts 
appropriately. 

•  MW in operation in the case of Renewable energy and Efficient natural gas and heat 
assets,  miles  in  operation  in  the  case  of  Transmission  lines  and  Mft3  per  day  in 
operation in the case of Water assets, are indicators which provide information about 
the installed capacity or size of our portfolio of assets. 

•  Production measured in GWh in our Renewable energy and Efficient natural gas and 

heat assets provides information about the performance of these assets. 

•  Availability in the case of our Efficient natural gas and heat assets, Transmission lines 
and Water assets also provides information on the performance of the assets. In these 
business segments revenues are based on availability, which is the time during which 
the  asset  was  available  to  our  client  totally  or  partially  divided  by  contracted 
availability or budgeted availability, as applicable. 

Renewable Energy Production (GWh) 

4,655

5,319

3,244

h
W
G

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

2020

2021

2022

16 Represents total installed capacity in assets owned or consolidated at the end of the year, regardless of our percentage 
of ownership in each of the assets except for Vento II for which we have included our 49% interest. 
17 Includes 49% of Vento II wind portfolio production since its acquisition. Includes curtailment in wind assets for which 
we receive compensation. 
18 Includes 43 MW corresponding to our 30% share in Monterrey and 55 MWt corresponding to Calgary District Heating. 
19 GWh produced includes 30% of the production from Monterrey. 

33 

 
 
 
  
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Energy Storage and Efficient Natural 
Gas 

✓ Dispatchable Solutions 
✓ Key in Transition 
Towards Green 
Generation 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected Environmental Metrics 

Maintain over 80% of adjusted 
EBITDA from low carbon footprint 
assets 

% 

GHG Emissions 
Breakdown 
Including 
Offset GHG 
Emissions 

Offset GHG 
Emissions 

Scope 1 

Scope 2 

Scope 3 

Total 

Scope 1 

GHG Emissions 
Breakdown 
(without 
Offsets) 
Scopes 1 and 2 GHG Emission Rate 
per Unit of Energy Generated20 

Scope 1 
Scope 2 
Scope 3 
Total 

GHG Emissions Avoided21 

Water 
Management in 
Power 
Generation 

Waste 
Management 

Withdrawal 

Discharges 

Hazardous waste 
Non-hazardous 
waste 

thousand 
tonnes of 
CO2e 

thousand 
tonnes of 
CO2e 

thousand 
tonnes of 
CO2e 

gCO2/kWh 

million 
tonnes of 
CO2e 

m3 per 
MWh 

tonnes of 
waste 

2022 

89% 

1,524 

249 

814 

2,587 

320 

1,844 
249 
814 
2,907 

168 

6.9 

1.42 

0.17 

1,908 

23,142 

2021 

88% 

1,535 

237 

798 

2,570 

260 

1,795 
237 
798 
2,830 

185 

5.9 

1.58 

0.21 

2,664 

22,238 

20209hh1 

87% 

1,537 

199 

821 

2,557 

200 

1,737 
199 
821 
2,757 

188 

5.4 

1.56 

0.21 

2,679 

20,532 

20 Our target is to reduce our Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions per unit of energy generated by 70% by 2035, with 
2020 as the base year (57gCO2/KWh by 2035). 
21 Calculated  considering  GHG  emissions  Scope  1  and  2  and  energy  generation  of  our  power  generation  assets,  both 
electric and thermal energy. The GHG Equivalences Calculator uses the Avoided Emissions and Generation Tool (AVERT) 
U.S. national weighted average CO2 marginal emissions rate to convert reductions of Kilowatt-hours into avoided units of 
carbon dioxide emissions. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected Social Metrics 

Health and Safety 

Employees 

Percentage of 
Women  
Gender Pay Gap3 

Total Recordable Frequency Index22 
Lost Time Frequency Index23 
Total Recordable Deviation Index 
Voluntary Turnover by year-end 
Total turnover by year-end 
Average Annual Training per 
employee (in hours) 
At Management Level 
Over Total Number of Employees  
Total overall pay gap 

Community Investment and Development 

2022 
5.0 
2.9 
1,198 
12.8% 
22.2% 

29 

23% 
20% 
13% 

2021 
6.0 
2.3 
1,540 
11.0% 
16.9% 

3725 

23% 
25% 
26% 

Investments focused 
on improving 
infrastructure and 
supporting education 

2020 
5.0 
1.4 
1,20024 
7.5% 
10.1% 

33 

21% 
27% 
30% 
Investments focused on 
mitigating COVID-19 
pandemic effects and 
improving communities’ 
infrastructure  

Note 1: Turnover rates calculated based on the average number of employees in each year.  
Note 2: Health and safety industry benchmarks provided in the Health and Safety section. 
Note 3: Data includes fixed salary, short-term bonus and long-term incentive plans without adjusting for factors such as 
job function, level, education, performance, location, or exchange rate differences. Overtime has not been included. The 
CEO has been excluded from the analysis as we believe that including his compensation would distort the results. 

A Fair Review of the Business 

Factors that Affect Comparability of our Results of Operations  

▪  Acquisitions and Non-Recurrent Projects 

The results of operations of Coso, Calgary District Heating, Italy PV 1, Italy PV 2, La 
Sierpe, Italy PV 3, Chile TL4, Italy PV 4 and Chile PV 3 have been fully consolidated 
since April 2021, May 2021, August 2021 for Italy PV 1 and Italy PV 2, November 2021, 
December 2021, January 2022, April 2022 and September 2022, respectively. Vento II 
has been recorded under the equity method since June 2021. These investments and 
acquisitions represent additional revenue for $30.4 million and additional Adjusted 
EBITDA of $26.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, when compared to 
the year ended December 31, 2021.  

In addition, the results of operations of Rioglass have been fully consolidated since 
January 2021. Rioglass is a supplier of spare parts and services in the solar industry. 
For the year ended December 31, 2021, most of Rioglass operating results relate to 
a specific solar project which ended in October 2021, and which represented $85.3 
million in revenue and $1.0 million in Adjusted EBITDA, included in our EMEA and 
Renewable energy segments for the year ended December 31, 2021, and which are 
non-recurrent. 

22 Total Recordable Frequency Index (TRFI) represents the total number of recordable accidents with and without leave 
(lost time injury) recorded in the last twelve months per one million worked hours. 
23  Lost  Time  Frequency  Index  (LTFI)  represents  the  total  number  of  recordable  accidents  with  leave  (lost  time  injury) 
recorded in the last twelve months per one million worked hours. 
24 We have revised 2020 figures to account for the final number of near-misses and unsafe acts and conditions. 
25 2021 data was revised following the updated 2022 classification 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
▪ 

Impairment 

Considering the delays in the repairs and replacements that we are carrying out in 
the storage system at Solana and their impact on production in 2022, as well as an 
increase  in  the  discount  rate,  we  identified  an  impairment  triggering  event  in 
accordance with IAS 36 (Impairment of Assets). As a result, an impairment test has 
been  performed  which  resulted  in  the  recording  of  an  impairment  loss  of  $41.2 
million in 2022 in the line “Depreciation, amortisation, and impairment charges”. In 
2021, we recorded an impairment loss of $43.1 million at Solana. 

In  addition,  in  2022,  considering  that  expected  electricity  prices  in  Chile  over  the 
remaining useful life of Chile PV1 and Chile PV2 have decreased and are currently 
lower than the prices assumed at the time of the acquisition, we have identified an 
impairment triggering event, in accordance with IAS 36 (Impairment of Assets). As a 
result, an impairment test has been performed and resulted in an impairment loss of 
$20.4  million  in  2022  in  the  line  “Depreciation,  amortisation,  and  impairment 
charges”. 

Furthermore, IFRS 9 requires impairment provisions to be based on expected credit 
losses  on  financial  assets  rather  than  on  actual  credit  losses.  For  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022 we recorded an expected credit loss impairment provision of $4.0 
million which is reflected in the line item “Depreciation, amortisation, and impairment 
charges”.  In  2021,  we  recorded  a  reversal  of  the  expected  credit  loss  impairment 
provision at ACT for $24.9 million following an improvement of its client’s credit risk 
metrics. 

▪  Electricity market prices 

In addition to regulated revenue, our solar assets in Spain receive revenue from the 
sale of electricity at market prices. Electricity prices increased significantly since mid-
2021 and revenue from the sale of electricity at current market prices represented 
$142.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $129.1 million for 
the year ended December 31, 2021, resulting in higher short-term cash collections. 
Regulated  revenues  are  revised  periodically  to  reflect,  among  other  things,  the 
difference between expected and actual market prices if the difference is higher than 
a pre-defined threshold. Current higher market prices in Spain will therefore cause 
lower regulated revenue to be received progressively over the remaining regulatory 
life of our solar assets. As a result, we increased our provision by $25.3 million for the 
year ended December 31, 2022, with no cash impact on the current period, compared 
to an increase of provision of $77.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.  

On May 12, 2022 remuneration parameters in Spain for the year 2022 were published 
in  draft  form  and  became  final  on  December  14,  2022.  Revenue  from  the  sale  of 
electricity  at  market  prices  plus  Ro  (Remuneration  on  Operation)  less  incremental 
market  price  provision was  $117.6  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022, 
compared  to  $107.7  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021.  In  2022  we 
collected revenue from our assets in line with the parameters corresponding to the 
regulation in place at the beginning of the year 2022, as the new parameters became 
final on December 14, 2022, while revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022, 

37 

 
 
was recorded in accordance with the new parameters. Collections have started to be 
regularised in 2023. 

Factors Affecting Results of Operations  

▪  Exchange rates 

Our presentation currency and the functional currency of most of our subsidiaries is 
the U.S. dollar, as most of their revenue and expenses are denominated or linked to 
the U.S. dollar. All our companies located in North America, with the exception of 
Calgary,  with  revenue  in  Canadian  dollars,  and  most  of  our  companies  in  South 
America have their revenue and financing contracts signed in or indexed totally or 
partially  to  U.S.  dollars.  Our  solar  power  plants  in  Europe  have  their  revenue  and 
expenses denominated in euros; Kaxu, our solar plant in South Africa, has its revenue 
and  expenses  denominated  in  South  African  rand,  La  Sierpe,  La  Tolua  and  Tierra 
Linda, our solar plants in Colombia, have their revenue and expenses denominated 
in  Colombian  pesos  and  Albisu,  our  solar  plant  in  Uruguay,  has  their  revenue 
denominated  in  Uruguayan  pesos,  with  a  maximum  and  a  minimum  price  in  US 
dollars.  

Project  financing  is  typically  denominated  in  the  same  currency  as  that  of  the 
contracted revenue agreement, which limits our exposure to foreign exchange risk. 
In addition, we maintain part of our corporate general and administrative expenses 
and  part  of  our  corporate  debt  in  euros  which  creates  a  natural  hedge  for  the 
distributions we receive from our assets in Europe. To further mitigate this exposure, 
our strategy is to hedge cash distributions from our assets in Europe. We hedge the 
exchange rate for the net distributions in euros (after deducting interest payments 
and general and administrative expenses in euros). Through currency options, we 
have hedged 100% of our euro-denominated net exposure for the next 12 months 
and 75% of our euro-denominated net exposure for the following 12 months. We 
expect to continue with this hedging strategy on a rolling basis. 

Although  we  hedge  cash-flows  in  euros,  fluctuations  in  the  value  of  the  euro  in 
relation to the U.S. dollar may affect our operating results. For example, revenue in 
euro-denominated companies could decrease when translated to U.S. dollars at the 
average  foreign  exchange  rate  solely  due  to  a  decrease  in  the  average  foreign 
exchange rate, in spite of revenue in the original currency being stable. Fluctuations 
in the value of the South African rand and Colombian peso with respect to the U.S. 
dollar may also affect our operating results.  

In our discussion of operating results, we have included foreign exchange impacts 
in  our  revenue  by  providing  constant  currency  revenue  growth.  The  constant 
currency  presentation  is  not  a  measure  recognised  under  IFRS  and  excludes  the 
impact  of  fluctuations  in  foreign  currency  exchange  rates.  We  believe  providing 
information 
constant  currency 
regarding  our  results  of  operations.  We  calculate  constant  currency  amounts  by 
converting our current period local currency revenue using the prior period foreign 
currency  average  exchange  rates  and  comparing  these  adjusted  amounts  to  our 
prior  period  reported  results.  This  calculation  may  differ  from  similarly  titled 
measures used by others and, accordingly, the constant currency presentation is not 

information  provides  valuable  supplemental 

38 

 
 
meant to substitute recorded amounts presented in conformity with IFRS, nor should 
such amounts be considered in isolation. 

▪ 

Interest rates 

We incur significant indebtedness at the corporate and asset level. The interest rate 
risk arises mainly from indebtedness at variable interest rates. To mitigate interest 
rate risk, we primarily use long-term interest rate swaps and  interest rate options 
which, in exchange for a fee, offer protection against a rise in interest rates. As of 
December 31, 2022, approximately 92% of our project debt and close to 96% of our 
corporate debt either has fixed interest rates or has been hedged with swaps or caps. 
Nevertheless, our results of operations can be affected by changes in interest rates 
with  respect  to  the  unhedged  portion  of  our  indebtedness  that  bears  interest  at 
floating rates, which typically bear a spread over EURIBOR, LIBOR, SOFR or over the 
alternative rates replacing these. 

▪  Electricity market prices 

As previously discussed, our solar assets in Spain receive revenue from the sale of 
electricity at market prices in addition to regulated revenue. Regulated revenues are 
revised  periodically  to  reflect  the  difference  between  expected  and  actual  market 
prices if the difference is higher than a pre-defined threshold. Given that since mid-
2021  electricity  prices  in  Spain  have  been,  and  may  continue  to  be,  significantly 
higher  than  expected,  it  will  cause  lower  regulated  revenue  over  the  remaining 
regulatory life of our solar assets. On December 28, 2022, the parameters applicable 
for the year 2023 were published in draft form and are subject to final publication. 
Additionally, our assets in Italy have contracted revenues through a regulated feed 
in premium in addition to merchant revenues for the energy sold to the wholesale 
market.  

Furthermore, we currently have three assets with merchant revenues (Chile PV 1 and 
Chile PV 3, where we have a 35% ownership, and Lone Star II, where we have a 49% 
ownership) and one asset with partially contracted revenues (Chile PV 2, where we 
have a 35% ownership). Our exposure to merchant electricity prices represents less 
than 2% of our portfolio in terms of Adjusted EBITDA. In Lone Star II we are analysing, 
together with our partner, the option to repower the asset in the context of the IRA, 
at a point in time to be determined. 

39 

 
 
 
 
Health and Safety:  
Our Number 1 Priority 

U.S. 

Mexico 

Peru 

2022 Safety Day at our 
premises 

Uruguay 

Colombia 

Spain 

Maintained Health and Safety KPIs  
Below Sector Average 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Review 

Renewable energy 
MW in operation26 
GWh produced27 
Efficient natural gas 
MW in operation28 
GWh produced29 
Electric Availability (%) 
Electric transmission lines 
Miles in operation 
Availability (%) 
Water 
Mft3 in operation 
Availability (%) 

2022 

2021 

2020 

2,121 
5,319 

398 
2,501 
98.9% 

1,229 
100% 

17.5 
102.3% 

2,044 
4,655 

398 
2,292 
100.6% 

1,166 
100.0% 

17.5 
97.9% 

1,551 
3,244 

343 
2,574 
102.1% 

1,166 
100.0% 

17.5 
100.1% 

Production in the renewable business sector increased by 14.3% in 2022, compared to 
2021.  The  increase  was  largely  due  to  the  contribution  from  the  recently  acquired 
renewable assets Coso, Vento II, Italy PV 1, Italy PV 2, Italy PV 3, Italy PV 4, Chile PV 3 and 
La Sierpe bringing approximately 812 GWh of incremental electricity generation.  

In  our  solar  assets  in  the  U.S.,  solar  radiation  was  higher  in  2022  than  in  2021,  and 
production increased by 0.7% compared to the same period in the previous year. In our 
wind assets in the U.S., wind resource was mostly in line with expectations in the year 
ended December 31, 2022. 

In Chile, production at our PV assets in 2022 was in line with the previous year, with an 
increase in Chile PV 1 mainly caused by better solar radiation largely offset by a decrease 
in Chile PV 2 resulting from larger curtailments. In our wind assets in Uruguay, production 
decreased by 3.8% mainly due to lower wind resource in the second and third quarters 
of 2022 compared to the same periods of the previous year. 

In  Spain,  production  decreased  by  13.1%  in  2022,  partly  due  to  lower  solar  radiation 
compared  to  2021.  In  addition,  some  of  our  assets  experienced  significant  technical 
curtailments by the grid operator during the second quarter and the beginning of the 
third  quarter  of  2022.  At  Kaxu,  production  increased  in  spite  of  lower  solar  radiation 
during the year mainly due to the scheduled maintenance stop performed in the third 
quarter of 2021. 

Efficient natural gas and heat availability and production levels during 2022 were higher 
than in the same period of the previous year due to the scheduled maintenance stops 
performed in the first quarter of 2021 and to higher demand from our off-taker in 2022 
compared to 2021. 

26 Represents total installed capacity in assets owned or consolidated at the end of the year, regardless of our percentage 
of ownership in each of the assets except for Vento II for which we have included our 49% interest. 
27 Includes 49% of Vento II wind portfolio production since its acquisition. Includes curtailment in wind assets for which 
we receive compensation. 
28 Includes 43 MW corresponding to our 30% share in Monterrey and 55 MWt corresponding to Calgary District Heating. 
29 GWh produced includes 30% of the production from Monterrey. 

41 

 
 
 
  
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In Water, availability in 2022 was higher than in 2021, with very good performance in all 
the assets. Our transmission lines, where revenue is also based on availability, continue 
to achieve high availability levels. 

Results of Operations 

The table below details our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 
and 2021. 

                                                                                  Year ended December 31, 

Year ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

$ in millions 
Revenue 

Other operating income 

Employee benefit expenses 

Depreciation, amortisation, and impairment charges 

Other operating expenses 

Operating profit 

Financial income 
Financial expense 

Net exchange differences 

Other financial income/(expense), net 

Financial expense, net 

Share  of  profit/(loss) of  entities  carried  under  the  equity 
method 

Profit/(loss) before income tax 

Income tax 

Profit/(loss) for the year 

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests 

Profit/(loss)  for  the  year  attributable  to  the  parent 
company 

Revenue 

1,102.0 

80.8 

(80.2) 

(473.6) 

(351.3) 

277.7 

5.6 
(333.3) 

10.3 

6.5 

(310.9) 

21.4 

(11.8) 

9.7 

(2.1) 

(3.3) 

(5.4) 

1,211.7 

74.6 

(78.7) 

(439.4) 

(414.3) 

353.9 

2.7 
(361.2) 

1.9 

15.7 

(340.9) 

12.3 

25.3 

(36.2) 

(10.9) 

(19.2) 

(30.1) 

Revenue decreased to $1,102.0 million for the year 2022, which represents a decrease of 
9.1%  compared  to  $1,211.7  million  for  the  year  2021.  On  a  constant  currency  basis, 
revenue in 2022, was $1,159.2 million, which represents a decrease of 4.3% compared to 
2021. Additionally, on a constant currency basis and excluding the Rioglass non-recurrent 
solar project accounted for in 2021, revenue increased by 2.9% in 2022. 

This  increase  (on  a  constant  currency  basis  and  excluding  the  Rioglass  non-recurrent 
solar  project)  was  mainly  due  to  the  contribution  of  the  recently  acquired  and 
consolidated assets which represent a total of $30.4 million of additional revenue in 2022 
compared to 2021. Revenue increased in the U.S. and at Kaxu due to higher production 
during 2022 compared to 2021, as previously explained. In addition, revenue remained 
stable  at  our  solar  assets  in  Spain  (0.4%  increase  on  a  constant  currency  basis  and 
excluding the non-recurrent solar project), in spite of lower production during the year 
primarily due to higher electricity prices net of its corresponding accounting provision 
(see “—Factors Affecting our Results of Operations—Electricity market prices” above). In 
our wind assets in Uruguay, revenue increased in spite of lower production as a result of 
the inflation adjustment. These effects were partially offset by a decrease in revenue at 

42 

 
 
 
ACT  in  2022  compared  to  the  previous  year  (due  to  the  factors  described  under  “—
Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA by business sector — Efficient natural gas & heat” below). 
We refer to “Our Segment Reporting” section below for further details. 

Other Operating Income 

The following table details our other operating income for the years ended December 
31, 2022, and 2021:  

$ in millions 
Other operating income 
Grants 
Insurance proceeds and other 
Total 

Year ended December 31, 

Year ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

59.1 
21.7 
80.8 

60.7 
13.9 
74.6 

Other operating income increased by 8.3% to $80.8 million for the year ended December 
31, 2022, compared to $74.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

“Grants” represent the financial support provided by the U.S. Department of the Treasury 
to Solana and Mojave and consist of an ITC Cash Grant and an implicit grant related to 
the  below  market  interest  rates  of  the  project  loans  with  the  Federal  Financing  Bank. 
Grants were stable for the year 2022 compared to the previous year. 

“Insurance  proceeds  and  other”  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  included  an 
insurance  income  of  $9.5  million  corresponding  to  an  event  from  previous  years:  in 
December  2022,  a  Spanish  court  dictated  in  favour  of  our  solar  assets  in  a  legal 
proceeding against our former insurance company.  

Employee Benefit Expenses 

Employee  benefit  expenses  increased  by  1.9%  to  $80.2  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022, compared to $78.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. 
The increase was mainly due to the consolidation of Coso and the internalisation of the 
operation  and  maintenance  services  at  Kaxu  and  at  part  of  our  solar  assets  in  Spain. 
During 2022, we transferred the employees performing the operation and maintenance 
services at Kaxu and at part of our solar assets in Spain from an Abengoa subsidiary to 
an  Atlantica  subsidiary.  As  a  result,  the  O&M  cost  is  now  recorded  under  “Employee 
Benefit Expenses” from the dates of such transfer. The increase was partially offset by a 
decrease in the number of employees who were working for the Rioglass non-recurrent 
solar project previously mentioned once it was completed. 

Depreciation, Amortisation, and Impairment Charges 

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment charges increased by 7.8% to $473.6 million 
for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $439.4 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2022. The increase was mainly due to the expected credit loss impairment 
provision  recorded  at  ACT.  IFRS  9  requires  impairment  provisions  to  be based  on  the 
expected  credit  loss  of  the  financial  assets  in  addition  to  actual  credit  losses.  ACT 
recorded an expected credit loss impairment provision of $4.0 million in 2022, while in 
2021,  there  was  a  reversal  of  the  expected  credit  loss  provision  of  $24.9  million.  In 
addition,  in  2022,  we  recorded  an  impairment  loss  of  $41.2  million  at  Solana,  as 
previously described, compared to a $43.1 million impairment in 2021. In 2022 we also 

43 

 
 
 
recorded  an  impairment  of  $20.4  million  at  Chile  PV  1  and  Chile  PV  2.  Depreciation, 
amortisation and impairment charges also increased due to the consolidation of recent 
acquisitions.  On  the  other  hand,  depreciation,  amortisation  and  impairment  charges 
decreased in our solar assets in Spain mainly due to the depreciation of the euro against 
the U.S. dollar. 

Other Operating Expenses 

The following table details our other operating expenses for the years ended December 
31, 2022, and 2021: 

Other operating expenses 
Raw materials 
Leases and fees 
Operation and maintenance 
Independent professional 
Supplies 
services 
Insurance 
Levies and duties 
Other expenses 
Total 

Year ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

$ in millions 
19.7 
11.5 
140.4 
38.9 
59.3 
45.8 
19.8 
16.0 
351.3 

  % of revenue  $ in millions 
70.7 
9.3 
154.0 
39.2 
40.8 
45.4 
29.9 
25.0 
414.3 

1.8% 
1.0% 
12.7% 
3.6% 
5.4% 
4.2% 
1.8% 
1.3% 
31.8% 

  % of revenue 
5.8% 
0.8% 
12.7% 
3.2% 
3.4% 
3.8% 
2.5% 
2.1% 
34.2% 

Other  operating  expenses  decreased  by  15.2%  to  $351.3  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022, compared to $414.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. 
Additionally, on a constant currency basis and excluding the Rioglass non-recurrent solar 
project accounted for in the year ended December 31, 2021, other operating expenses 
in  2022  increased  by  8.4%.  The  increase  was  mainly  due  to  higher  cost  of  supplies 
primarily in Spain, due to the increase of the electricity market prices since mid-2021. 
This  increase  was  partially  offset  by  a  decrease of  levies  and  duties  since  the  Spanish 
government granted an exemption from the 7% electricity sales tax in our Spanish assets. 
On  the  other  hand,  our  operation  and  maintenance  costs  decreased  mainly  due  the 
internalisation of operation and maintenance at Kaxu and at part of our solar assets in 
Spain.  These  services  are  now  provided  by  a  subsidiary  of  Atlantica,  with  the  cost 
classified in “Employee benefit expenses”. 

Operating Profit 

As  a  result  of  the  above-mentioned  factors,  operating  profit  decreased  by  21.5%  to 
$277.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared with $353.9 million for 
the year ended December 31, 2021. 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
Financial Income and Financial Expense 

                                                                                             Year ended December 31, 
2021 

2022 

$ in millions 
Financial income and financial expense 
Financial income 
Financial expense 
Net exchange differences 
Other financial income, net 
Financial expense, net 

5.6 
(333.3) 
10.3 
6.5 
(310.9) 

2.7 
(361.2) 
1.9 
15.7 
(340.9) 

Financial Expense  

The following table details our financial expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 
and 2021: 

 $ in millions 
Financial expense 

Year ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

Interest on loans and notes 
Interest rates losses derivatives: cash flow hedges 
Total 

(292.1) 
(41.2) 
(333.3) 

(302.6) 
(58.7)  
(361.3)  
6) 

Financial expense decreased by 7.7% to $333.3 million for the year ended December 31, 
2022, compared to $361.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

“Interest  on  loans  and  notes”  expense  decreased  primarily  due  to  the  repayment  of 
project and corporate debt in accordance with the financing arrangements and to the 
depreciation of the euro against the U.S. dollar. 

Under  “Interest  rate  losses  on  derivatives  designated  as  cash  flow  hedges”  we  record 
transfers from equity to financial expense when the hedged item impacts profit and loss 
for hedging instruments classified as cash-flow hedges from an accounting perspective. 
The  decrease  was  mainly  due  to  lower  losses  in  swaps  hedging  loans  indexed  to 
EURIBOR, SOFR and LIBOR primarily resulting from the increase in the reference rates in 
2022, compared to 2021, and to lower notional amounts, as we progressively repay our 
project debt. 

Net Exchange Differences 

Net exchange differences increased to $10.3 million in 2022 compared to $1.9 million 
income in 2021. The increase mainly due to the impact of foreign exchange caps hedging 
our net cash flows in Euros, resulting from the appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the 
Euro. 

Other Financial Income/(Expense), Net 

$ in millions 
Other financial income/(expenses)  
Other financial income 
Other financial losses 
Total 

Year ended December 31,  
2022 

2021 

27.9 
(21.4) 
6.5 

32.3 
(16.6) 
15.7 

45 

 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
Other financial income/(expense), net decreased to a net income of $6.5 million for the 
year ended December 31, 2022 compared to a net income of $15.7 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2021. 

Other financial income in 2022 include $6.2 million income corresponding to the change 
in fair value of interest rate derivatives at Kaxu, for which hedge accounting is not applied, 
and $12.0 million income corresponding to the mark-to-market of the derivative liability 
embedded in the Green Exchangeable Notes. Residual items primarily relate to interest 
on deposits and loans, including non-monetary changes to the amortised cost of such 
loans. The decrease of other financial income for the year ended December 31, 2022, was 
mainly  due  to  a  one-time  non-cash  income  of  $10.4  million  recorded  in  2021  and 
corresponding to the reversal of a potential earn-out which was finally not payable.  

Other  financial  expense  includes  expenses  for  guarantees  and  letters  of  credit,  wire 
transfers,  other  bank  fees  and  other  minor  financial  expenses  and  the  non-monetary 
financial  component  of  the  long-term  provision  related  to  electricity  market  prices  in 
Spain and other long-term liabilities. The increase is mainly due to the financial impact 
related to the electricity market prices provision recorded at our solar assets in Spain. 
This is a long-term provision recorded at present value in accordance with the effective 
interest method, which progressively accrues a financial expense. 

Share of Profit of Entities Carried Under the Equity Method 

Share of profit of entities carried under the equity method increased to $21.4 million in 
the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  compared  to  $12.3  million  in  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021 primarily due to the contribution of Vento II. 

Profit/(loss) Before Income Tax 

As a result of the previously mentioned factors, we reported a loss before income tax of 
$11.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to a profit before income 
tax of $25.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Income Tax 

The reconciliation between the theoretical income tax resulting from applying an average 
statutory  tax  rate  to  profit  before  income  tax  and  the  actual  income  tax  expense 
recognised  in  the  consolidated  income  statements  for  the  years  ended  December  31, 
2022 and 2021, is as follows: 

46 

 
 
 
Profit before tax 
Average statutory tax rate1 
Corporate income tax at average statutory tax rate 
Income tax of associates, net 
Differences in statutory tax rates  
Unrecognised NOLS and deferred tax assets 
Other Permanent differences 
Other non-taxable income/(expense) 

Corporate Income Tax 

Year ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

$ in millions 

(11.8) 
25% 
2.9 
5.4 
(4.3) 
(10.9) 
4.0 
12.7 

9.7 

25.3 
25% 
(6.3) 
3.1 
(3.4) 
(11.2) 
(4.1) 
(14.3) 

(36.2) 

Note: 
(1)  The average statutory tax rate was calculated as an average of the statutory tax rates applicable to each of our 

subsidiaries weighted by the Income Before Tax. 

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the overall effective tax rate was different than 
the statutory rate of 25% primarily due to unrecognised tax losses carryforwards, mainly 
in the Chilean entities.  

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the overall effective tax rate was different than 
the statutory rate of 25% primarily due to unrecognised tax losses carryforwards, mainly 
in  UK  entities  and  to  provisions  recorded  for  potential  tax  contingencies  in  some 
jurisdictions. 

Profit Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests 

Profit  attributable  to  non-controlling  interests  was  $3.4  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022 compared to $19.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. 
Profit attributable to non-controlling interests corresponds to the portion attributable to 
our partners in the assets that we consolidate (Kaxu, Skikda, Solaben 2 & 3, Solacor 1 & 
2, Seville PV, Chile PV 1, Chile PV 2, Chile PV 3 and Tenes). The decrease is due to the 
losses in our PV assets in Chile which were primarily caused by the impairment previously 
discussed. 

Profit / (Loss) Attributable to the Parent Company 

As  a  result  of  the  previously  mentioned  factors,  the  loss  attributable  to  the  parent 
company was $5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to a loss of 
$30.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 

The  significant  variances  or  variances  of  the  significant  components  of  the  results  of 
operations between the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, are 
discussed in the 2021 Consolidated Annual Report and Financial Statements. 

Our Segment Reporting 

We  organise  our  business  into  the  following  three  geographies  where  the  contracted 
assets and concessions are located: North America, South America and EMEA. In addition, 
we have identified four business sectors based on the type of activity: Renewable energy, 

47 

 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Efficient  natural  gas  and  heat,  Transmission  lines  and  Water.  We  report  our  results  in 
accordance with both criteria.  

Revenue by geography 
North America 
South America 
EMEA 
Total revenue 

Adjusted EBITDA by 
geography 

North America 

South America 

EMEA 

Adjusted EBITDA(1) 

Year ended December 31, 

2022 
$ in millions  % of revenue 

405.1 
166.4 
530.5 
1,102.0 

36.8% 
15.1% 
48.1% 
100.0% 

2021 
$ in millions  % of revenue 
32.7% 
12.9% 
54.5% 
100.0% 

395.8 
155.0 
660.9 
1,211.7 

Year ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

$ in millions 

% of Adjusted 
EBITDA 

$ in millions 

% of Adjusted 
EBITDA 

310.0 

126.5 

360.6 

797.1 

38.9% 

15.9% 

45.2% 

100% 

311.8 

119.6 

393.0 

824.4 

37.8% 

14.5% 

47.7% 

100% 

Note: We refer to section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, for a definition of our Adjusted EBITDA and to 
section “Other Information” for a detailed reconciliation. 

Volume/ availability by 
geography 
North America (GWh)(1) 
North America availability 
South America (GWh)(2) 
South America availability 
EMEA (GWh) 
EMEA availability 

Volume produced/availability 
Year ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

5,743 
98.9% 
799 
99.9% 
1,278 
102.3% 

4,818 
100.6% 
722 
100.0% 
1,407 
97.9% 

Note: 
(1)  GWh produced includes 30% of the production from Monterrey and our 49% of Vento II wind portfolio 

production since its acquisition  
Includes curtailment production in wind assets for which we receive compensation 

(2) 

North America 

Revenue  increased  by  2.3%  to  $405.1  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022, 
compared  to  $395.8  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  while  Adjusted 
EBITDA remained stable, with a 0.6% decrease for the year ended December 31, 2022, 
compared to 2021. The increase in Revenue was mainly due to the contribution from the 
recently acquired assets, Coso and Calgary. Revenue also increased at our solar assets in 
North  America  due  to  higher  production.  The  increase  was  partially  offset  by  lower 
revenue at ACT where revenue is recorded under IFRIC 12 - financial asset model (see 
“—Revenue  and  Adjusted  EBITDA  by  business  sector—Efficient  natural  gas  &  heat” 
below).  Adjusted  EBITDA  decreased  mainly  due  to  lower  Adjusted  EBITDA  at  ACT, 
resulting mostly from lower Revenue, higher operating and maintenance expenses at our 
solar assets in North America mostly due to higher costs related to the scheduled major 
maintenance at Solana and higher supply costs, mainly driven by higher electricity prices. 
This decrease was partially offset by the contribution from the recently acquired assets 
Coso, Calgary and Vento II. 

48 

 
 
 
 
South America 

Revenue  increased  by  7.4%  to  $166.4  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022, 
compared  to  $155.0  million  for  the  year  ended December  31,  2021.  The  increase was 
mainly due to the contribution from the recently acquired assets, La Sierpe, Chile TL4 and 
Chile PV 3. Revenue at our wind assets in Uruguay also increased slightly in spite of lower 
wind  resource  as  a  result  of  the  inflation  adjustment  to  revenue.  Adjusted  EBITDA 
increased by 5.8% to $126.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 
$119.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, mostly due to the same reasons. 

EMEA 

Revenue  decreased  to  $530.5  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  which 
represents a decrease of 19.7% compared to $660.9 million for the year ended December 
31, 2021. On a constant currency basis, revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022, 
was $587.4 million, which represents a decrease of 11.1% compared to the year ended 
December 31, 2021. Additionally, on a constant currency basis and excluding the non-
recurrent solar project accounted for in the year ended December 31, 2021, revenue in 
2022 increased by 2.0%. 

The  increase  was  mainly  due  to  higher  revenue  at  Kaxu  caused  by  higher  production 
during the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the same period of previous 
year and to the indexation of our PPA to local inflation. The increase was also due to the 
contribution of the recently acquired assets in Italy. Revenue remained stable at our solar 
assets  in  Spain  (0.4%  increase  on  a  constant  currency  basis  and  excluding  the  non-
recurrent  solar  project),  since  the  negative  impact  of  lower  production  was  offset  by 
higher electricity prices net of its corresponding accounting provision.  

Adjusted  EBITDA  decreased  to  $360.6  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022, 
which  represents  a  decrease  of  8.2%  compared  to  $393.0  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021. On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EBITDA in 2022, was $399.1 
million,  which  represents  an  increase  of  1.5%  compared  to  2021.  Additionally,  on  a 
constant currency basis and excluding the non-recurrent solar project accounted for in 
the  year  ended December  31,  2021,  Adjusted  EBITDA  in 2022  increased by 1.8%.  This 
increase was mainly due to higher EBITDA at Kaxu and to the contribution of the recently 
acquired  assets  in  Italy  as  previously  explained.  In  our  solar  assets  in  Spain,  Adjusted 
EBITDA  decreased  mainly  due  to  higher  costs  of  supplies  largely  caused  by  higher 
electricity prices. 

49 

 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

Revenue by business sector 

Renewable 
Efficient natural gas & heat 
Transmission lines 
Water 
Total revenue 

$ in 
millions 

821.4 
113.6 
113.2 
53.8 
1,102.0 

% of revenue 

74.5% 
10.3% 
10.3% 
4.9% 
100.0% 

$ in 
millions 

928.5 
123.7 
105.6 
53.9 
1,211.7 

% of revenue 

76.6% 
10.2% 
8.7% 
4.5% 
100.0% 

Year ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

Adjusted EBITDA by business 
sector 

$ in millions 

% of 
Adjusted 
EBITDA 

$ in 
millions 

% of 
Adjusted 
EBITDA 

Renewable energy 
Efficient natural gas & heat 
Transmission lines 
Water 
Adjusted EBITDA(1) 

588.0 
84.6 
88.0 
36.5 
797.1 

73.8% 
10.6% 
11.0% 
4.6% 
100.0% 

602.6 
100.0 
83.6 
38.2 
824.4 

73.1% 
12.1% 
10.2% 
4.6% 
100.0% 

Note: We refer to the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, for a definition of our Adjusted EBITDA and 
to the section “Other Information” for a detailed reconciliation 

Volume by business sector 
Renewable energy (GWh)(1) 
Efficient natural gas & Heat (GWh) (2) 
Efficient natural gas & Heat availability 
Transmission lines availability 
Water availability 

Volume produced/availability 
Year ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

5,319 
2,501 
98.9% 
100.0% 
102.3% 

4,655 
2,292 
100.6% 
100.0% 
97.9% 

Note: 
(1) 

Includes curtailment production in wind assets for which we receive compensation. Includes our 49% 
of Vento II wind portfolio production since its acquisition. 
(2)  GWh produced includes 30% of the production from Monterrey. 

Renewable Energy 

Revenue  decreased  to  $821.4  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  which 
represents a decrease of 11.5% compared to $928.5 million for the year ended December 
31,  2021.  On  a  constant  currency  basis,  revenue  in  2022  was  $878.5  million,  which 
represents a decrease of 5.4% compared to 2021. Additionally, on a constant currency 
basis and excluding the non-recurrent solar project accounted for in 2021, revenue in 
2022 increased by 4.2%. The increase in revenue was primarily due to the contribution 
from the recently acquired assets Coso, La Sierpe, our PV assets in Italy and Chile PV 3. 
Revenue also increased at Kaxu, as well as at our solar assets in North America. Revenue 
also  increased  at  our  wind  assets  in  Uruguay  in  spite  of  lower  wind  resources  as 
previously described.  

Adjusted  EBITDA  decreased  to  $588.0  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022, 
which  represents  a  decrease  of  2.4%  compared  to  $602.6  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021. On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EBITDA in 2022 was $626.7 
million  which  represents  an  increase  of  4.0%  compared  to  2021.  Additionally,  on  a 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
constant currency basis and excluding the non-recurrent solar project accounted for in 
2021, Adjusted EBITDA increased by 4.2%. Adjusted EBITDA increased mainly due to the 
increase in Revenue and the contribution of Vento II. This increase was partially offset by 
lower  Adjusted  EBITDA  at  our  solar  assets  in  North  America  and  Spain,  as  previously 
discussed. 

Efficient Natural Gas and Heat  

Revenue decreased by 8.2% to $113.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, 
compared  to  $123.7  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  while  Adjusted 
EBITDA  decreased  by  15.4%  to  $84.6  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022, 
compared to $100.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Revenue at ACT is 
recorded under IFRIC 12 - financial asset model. Although billings to clients increased in 
2022 compared to 2021 as a result of inflation indexation, accounting revenue decreases 
progressively  over  time.  Revenue  at  ACT  also  decreased  due  to  lower  operation  and 
maintenance  costs,  since  there  is  a  portion  of  revenue  related  to  operation  and 
maintenance services plus a margin. Operation and maintenance costs were higher in 
2021 as it happens in the quarters preceding any major maintenance works. Adjusted 
EBITDA decreased largely for the same reasons. 

Transmission Lines 

Revenue  increased  by  7.2%  to  $113.2  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022, 
compared  to  $105.6  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  while  Adjusted 
EBITDA  increased  by  5.2%  to  $88.0  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022 
compared  to  $83.6  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021.  The  increase  in 
revenue and Adjusted EBITDA was mainly due to the contribution of the recently acquired 
asset  Chile  TL  4  and  to  lower  operation  and  maintenance  costs  at  some  of  our 
transmission lines in 2022 after a renegotiation with the supplier of these services. 

Water 

Revenue  remained  stable  at  $53.8  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022, 
compared  to  $53.9  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021.  Adjusted  EBITDA 
decreased by 4.5% to $36.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 
$38.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Operating expenses were higher in 
2022 mostly due to higher availability in Tenes, which caused the decrease in Adjusted 
EBITDA. Revenue follows the IFRIC 12- financial model and did not increase accordingly. 

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 

The  significant  variances  in  revenue  and  volume,  by  geographic  region  and  business 
sector,  between  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021  and  December  31,  2020,  are 
discussed in 2021 Consolidated Annual Report and Financial Statements. 

51 

 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources 

Our principal liquidity and capital requirements consist of the following: 

•  debt service requirements on our existing and future debt; 
•  cash dividends to investors; and 
•  investments in new assets and companies and operations. 

As  part  of  our  business,  depending  on  market  conditions,  we  will  from  time  to  time 
consider  opportunities  to  repay,  redeem,  repurchase  or  refinance  our  indebtedness. 
Changes  in  our  operating  plans,  lower  than  anticipated  sales,  increased  expenses, 
acquisitions or other events may cause us to seek additional debt or equity financing in 
future periods. There can be no guarantee that financing will be available on acceptable 
terms  or  at  all.  Debt  financing,  if  available,  could  impose  additional  cash  payment 
obligations and additional covenants and operating restrictions. In addition, any of the 
items discussed in detail under “Principal Risk and Uncertainties” and other factors may 
also significantly impact our liquidity. 

Liquidity Position 

Corporate liquidity 
Cash and cash equivalents at Atlantica 
Sustainable Infrastructure, plc, excluding 
subsidiaries 
Revolving credit facility availability 
Total Corporate liquidity(1) 
Liquidity at project companies 
Restricted cash  
Non-restricted cash 
Total cash at project companies 

Note: 

Year ended December 31, 
2021 

2022 

($ in millions) 

60.8 

385.1 
445.9 

207.6 
332.6 
540.2 

88.3 

440.0 
528.3 

254.3 
280.1 
534.4 

(1)  Corporate liquidity means cash and cash equivalents held at Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc as of December 

31, 2022, and available revolver capacity as of December 31, 2022. 

Cash  at  the  project  level  includes  $207.6  million  and  $254.3  million  restricted  cash 
balances  as  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  respectively.  Restricted  cash  consists 
primarily  of  funds  required  to  meet  the  requirements  of  certain  project  debt 
arrangements.  In  the  case  of  Solana,  part  of  the  restricted  cash  is  being  used  and  is 
expected to be used for equipment replacement. As of December 31, 2021, restricted 
cash also included Kaxu’s cash balance, given that the project financing of this asset was 
under a theoretical event of default which was resolved as of March 31, 2022. 

Non-restricted  cash  at  project  companies  includes  among  others,  the  cash  that  is 
required  for  day-to-day  management  of  the  companies,  as  well  as  amounts  that  are 
earmarked to be used for debt service and distributions in the future. 

As of December 31, 2022, $34.9 million of letters of credit were outstanding under the 
Revolving  Credit  Facility  and  we  had  $30  million  of  borrowings.  As  a  result,  as  of 
December 31, 2022 $385.1 million was available under the Revolving Credit Facility. As 
of December 31, 2021, we had $10.0 million of letters of credits outstanding, and we had 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
no borrowing. As a result, $440.0 million was available under our Revolving Credit Facility 
as of December 31, 2021. 

Management believes that the Company's liquidity position, cash flows from operations 
and  availability  under  its  Revolving  Credit  Facility  will  be  adequate  to  meet  the 
Company's working capital requirements, financial commitments and debt obligations; 
growth, operating and maintenance capital expenditures; and dividend distributions to 
shareholders.  Management  continues  to  regularly  monitor  the  Company's  ability  to 
finance the needs of its operating, financing and investing activities within the guidelines 
of prudent balance sheet management. 

Credit Ratings 

Credit rating agencies rate us and part of our debt securities. These ratings are used by 
the debt markets to evaluate our credit risk. Ratings influence the price paid to issue new 
debt securities as they indicate to the market our ability to pay principal, interest and 
dividends. 

The following table summarises our credit ratings as of December 31, 2022. The ratings 
outlook is stable for S&P and Fitch. 

Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure corporate rating 
Senior secured debt 
Senior unsecured debt 

Sources of Liquidity 

S&P 

BB+ 
BBB- 
BB 

Fitch 

BB+ 
BBB- 
BB+ 

We expect our ongoing sources of liquidity to include cash on hand, cash generated from 
our operations, project debt arrangements, corporate debt and the issuance of additional 
equity securities, as appropriate, and given market conditions. Our financing agreements 
consist mainly of the project-level financing for our various assets and our corporate debt 
financings, including our Green Exchangeable Notes, the Note Issuance Facility 2020, the 
2020 Green Private Placement, the Green Senior Notes, the Revolving Credit Facility, the 
"at-the-market programme”, other credit lines and our commercial paper programme.  

Maturity 

2022 

2021 

Revolving Credit Facility 
Other Facilities(1) 
Green Exchangeable Notes 
2020 Green Private Placement 
Note Issuance Facility 2020 
Green Senior Notes 
Total Corporate Debt 
Total Project Debt 

2024 
2023-2026 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 

$ in millions 
29.4 
30.1 
107.1 
308.4 
147.2 
395.1 
1,017.2 
4,553.1 

- 
41.7 
104.3 
327.1 
155.8 
394.2 
1,023.1 
5,036.2 

Note: 
(1)  Other facilities include the commercial paper programme issued in October 2020, accrued interest payable and other debts. 

A) Corporate Debt Agreements 

▪  Green Senior Notes 

On  May  18,  2021,  we  issued  the  Green  Senior  Notes  with  an  aggregate  principal 
amount of $400 million due in 2028. The Green Senior Notes bear interest at a rate 

53 

 
 
 
  
    
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
of 4.125% per year, payable on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing 
December 15, 2021, and will mature on June 15, 2028. 

The Green Senior Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture, dated May 18, 2021, 
by  and  among  Atlantica  as  issuer,  Atlantica  Peru  S.A.,  ACT  Holding,  S.A.  de  C.V., 
Atlantica Infraestructura Sostenible, S.L.U., Atlantica Investments Limited, Atlantica 
Newco Limited, Atlantica North America LLC, as guarantors, BNY Mellon Corporate 
Trustee Services Limited, as trustee, The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, 
as  paying  agent,  and  The  Bank  of  New  York  Mellon  SA/NV,  Dublin  Branch,  as 
registrar and transfer agent. 

Our obligations under the Green Senior Notes rank equal in right of payment with 
our  outstanding  obligations  under  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility,  the  2020  Green 
Private  Placement,  the  Note  Issuance  Facility  2020  and  the  Green  Exchangeable 
Notes. 

▪  Green Exchangeable Notes 

On  July  17,  2020,  we  issued  4.00%  Green  Exchangeable  Notes  amounting  to  an 
aggregate principal amount of $100 million due in 2025. On July 29, 2020, we issued 
an additional $15 million aggregate principal amount in Green Exchangeable Notes. 
The  Green  Exchangeable  Notes  are  the  senior  unsecured  obligations  of  Atlantica 
Jersey,  a  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  Atlantica,  and  fully  and  unconditionally 
guaranteed  by  Atlantica  on  a  senior,  unsecured  basis.  The  Green  Exchangeable 
Notes mature on July 15, 2025, unless they are repurchased or redeemed earlier by 
Atlantica or exchanged, and bear interest at a rate of 4.00% per annum. 

Noteholders may exchange all or any portion of their notes at their option at any 
time  prior  to  the  close  of  business  on  the  scheduled  trading  day  immediately 
preceding April 15, 2025, only during certain periods and upon satisfaction of certain 
conditions. Noteholders may exchange all or any portion of their notes during any 
calendar quarter if the last reported sale price of Atlantica’s ordinary shares for at 
least 20 trading days during a period of 30 consecutive trading days, ending on the 
last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than 120% 
of the exchange price on each applicable trading day. On or after April 15, 2025, until 
the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding 
the maturity date thereof, noteholders may exchange any of their notes at any time, 
at the option of the noteholder. Upon exchange, the notes may be settled, at our 
election,  into  Atlantica  ordinary  shares, cash or  a  combination of  both.  The  initial 
exchange rate  of  the  notes  is  29.1070  ordinary shares  per $1,000 of  the principal 
amount  of  notes  (which  is  equivalent  to  an  initial  exchange  price  of  $34.36  per 
ordinary share). The exchange rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of 
certain events. 

Our obligations under the Green Exchangeable Notes rank equal in right of payment 
with our outstanding obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility, the 2020 Green 
Private Placement, the Note Issuance Facility 2020 and the Green Senior Notes. 

▪  Note Issuance Facility 2020 

On July 8, 2020, we entered into the Note Issuance Facility 2020, a senior unsecured 
euro-denominated financing with a group of funds managed by Westbourne Capital 

54 

 
 
as purchasers of the notes issued thereunder for a total amount of €140 million ($150 
million). The notes under the Note Issuance Facility 2020 were issued on August 12, 
2020 and are due on August 12, 2027. Interest accrues at a rate per annum equal to 
the sum of the 3-month EURIBOR plus a margin of 5.25% with a floor of 0% for the 
EURIBOR. We have entered into a cap at 0% for the EURIBOR with 3.5 years maturity 
(from now) to hedge the variable interest rate risk. 

Our obligations under the Note Issuance Facility 2020 rank equal in right of payment 
with our outstanding obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility, the 2020 Green 
Private Placement, the Green Exchangeable Notes and the Green Senior Notes. The 
notes  issued  under  the  Note  Issuance  Facility  2020  are  guaranteed  on  a  senior 
unsecured  basis  by  our  subsidiaries  Atlantica  Infraestructura  Sostenible,  S.L.U., 
Atlantica  Peru,  S.A.,  ACT  Holding,  S.A.  de  C.V.,  Atlantica  Investments  Limited, 
Atlantica Newco Limited and Atlantica North America LLC. 

▪  2020 Green Private Placement 

On March 20, 2020, we entered into a senior secured note purchase agreement with 
a group of institutional investors as purchasers providing for the 2020 Green Private 
Placement. The transaction closed on April 1, 2020, and we issued notes for a total 
principal amount of €290 million ($310 million), maturing on June 20, 2026. Interest 
accrues at a rate per annum equal to 1.96%. If at any time the rating of these senior 
secured notes is below investment grade, the interest rate thereon would increase 
by 100 basis points until such notes are again rated investment grade. 

Our  obligations  under  the  2020  Green  Private  Placement  rank  equal  in  right  of 
payment with our outstanding obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility, the 
Note Issuance Facility 2020 and the Green Senior Notes. Our payment obligations 
under the 2020 Green Private Placement are guaranteed on a senior secured basis 
by  our  subsidiaries  Atlantica  Infraestructura  Sostenible,  S.L.U.,  Atlantica  Peru,  S.A., 
ACT Holding, S.A. de C.V., Atlantica Investments Limited, Atlantica Newco Limited 
and Atlantica North America LLC. The 2020 Green Private Placement is also secured 
with a pledge over the shares of the subsidiary guarantors, the collateral of which is 
shared with the lenders under the Revolving Credit Facility. 

▪  Revolving Credit Facility 

On  May  10,  2018,  we  entered  into  a  $215  million  Revolving  Credit  Facility  with  a 
syndicate  of  banks.  The  Revolving  Credit  Facility  was  increased  by  $85  million  to 
$300 million on January 25, 2019, and was further increased by $125 million (to a 
total  limit  of  $425  million)  on  August  2,  2019.  On  March 1,  2021,  this  facility  was 
further increased by $25 million (to a total limit of $450 million). On May 5, 2022, the 
maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility was extended to December 31, 2024. Under 
the Revolving Credit Facility, we are also able to request the issuance of letters of 
credit,  which  are  subject  to  a  sublimit  of  $100  million  that  are  included  in  the 
aggregate commitments available under the Revolving Credit Facility. 

Loans under the Revolving Credit Facility accrue interest at a rate per annum equal 
to: (A) for euro dollar rate loans, Term SOFR, plus a Term SOFR Adjustment equal to 
0.10% per annum, plus a percentage determined by reference to our leverage ratio, 
ranging between 1.60% and 2.25% and (B) for base rate loans, the highest of (i) the 

55 

 
 
rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight U.S. Federal 
funds transactions with members of the U.S. Federal Reserve System arranged by 
U.S. federal funds brokers on such day plus ½ of 1.00%, (ii) the prime rate of the 
administrative  agent  under  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility  and  (iii)  Term  SOFR  plus 
1.00%, in any case, plus a percentage determined by reference to our leverage ratio, 
ranging between 0.60% and 1.00%. 

Our obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility rank equal in right of payment 
with our outstanding obligations under the 2020 Green Private Placement, the Note 
Issuance Facility 2020, the Green Exchangeable Notes and the Green Senior Notes. 
Our  payment  obligations  under  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility  are  guaranteed  on a 
senior  secured  basis  by  Atlantica  Infraestructura  Sostenible,  S.L.U.,  Atlantica  Peru, 
S.A.,  ACT  Holding,  S.A.  de  C.V.,  Atlantica  Investments  Limited,  Atlantica  Newco 
Limited and Atlantica North America LLC. The Revolving Credit Facility is also secured 
with a pledge over the shares of the subsidiary guarantors, the collateral of which is 
shared with the holders of the notes issued under the 2020 Green Private Placement. 

▪  Other Credit Lines  

In July 2017, we signed a line of credit with a bank for up to €10.0 million ($10.7 
million) which was available in euros or U.S. dollars. Amounts drawn accrue interest 
at  a  rate  per  annum  equal  to  the  sum  of  the  3-month  EURIBOR  or  LIBOR,  plus a 
margin  of  2%, with  a floor  of  0%  for  the EURIBOR  or  LIBOR.  On  July 1, 2022,  the 
maturity was extended to July 1, 2024. As of December 31, 2022, we had $6.4 million 
drawn under this line of credit. 

In December 2020 and January 2022, we also entered into two different loans with 
banks for €5 million ($5.4 million) each. The maturity dates are December 4, 2025 
and  January  31,  2026,  respectively,  and  such  loans  accrue  interest  at  a  rate  per 
annum equal to 2.50% and 1.90%, respectively. 

▪  Commercial Paper Programme 

On  October  8,  2019,  we  filed  a  euro  commercial  paper  programme  with  the 
Alternative Fixed Income Market (MARF) in Spain. The programme had an original 
maturity  of  twelve  months  and  has  been  extended  twice,  for  annual  periods.  The 
programme  allows  Atlantica  to  issue  short  term  notes  for  up  to  €50  million,  with 
such notes having a tenor of up to two years. As of December 31, 2022, we had €9.3 
million  ($10.0  million)  issued  and  outstanding  under  the  Commercial  Paper 
Programme at an average cost of 2.21% maturing on or before March 7, 2023. 

▪  Covenants, restrictions, and events of default  

The Note Issuance Facility 2020, the 2020 Green Private Placement, the Green Senior 
Notes and the Revolving Credit Facility contain covenants that limit certain of our 
and  the  guarantors’  activities.  The  Note  Issuance  Facility  2020,  the  2020  Green 
Private Placement and the Green Exchangeable Notes also contain customary events 
of default, including a cross-default with respect to our indebtedness, indebtedness 
of  the  guarantors  thereunder  and  indebtedness  of  our  material  non-recourse 
subsidiaries (project-subsidiaries) representing more than 25% of our cash available 

56 

 
 
for  distribution  distributed  in  the  previous  four  fiscal  quarters, which  in  excess of 
certain thresholds could trigger a default. Additionally, under the 2020 Green Private 
Placement, the Revolving Credit Facility and the Note Issuance Facility 2020 we are 
required to comply with a leverage ratio of our corporate indebtedness excluding 
non-recourse project debt to our cash available for distribution of 5.00:1.00 (which 
may be increased under certain conditions to 5.50:1.00 for a limited period in the 
event we consummate certain acquisitions).  

Furthermore, our corporate debt agreements contain customary change of control 
provisions  (as  such  term  is  defined  in  each  of  those  agreements)  or  similar 
provisions. Under the Revolving Credit Facility, a change of control without required 
lenders’  consent  would  trigger  an  event  of  default.  In  the  other  corporate  debt 
agreements  or  securities,  a  change  of  control  or  similar  provision  without  the 
consent of the relevant required holders would trigger the obligation to make an 
offer to purchase the respective notes at (i) 100% of the principal amount in the case 
of the 2020 Green Private Placement and Green Exchangeable Notes and at (ii) 101% 
of the principal amount in the case of the Note Issuance Facility 2020 and the Green 
Senior Notes. In the case of the Green Senior Notes, such prepayment obligation 
would be triggered only if there is a credit rating downgrade by any of the agencies. 

B) At-The-Market Programme 

On February 28, 2022, we established an “at-the-market programme” and entered into 
the Distribution Agreement with BofA Securities, Inc., MUFG Securities Americas Inc. and 
RBC Capital Markets LLC, as our sales agents, under which we may offer and sell from 
time  to  time  up  to  $150  million  of  our  ordinary  shares,  including  in  “at-the-market” 
offerings under our shelf registration statement on Form F-3 filed with the SEC on August 
3, 2021, and a prospectus supplement that we filed on February 28, 2022. For the year 
ended  December  31,  2022,  we  issued  and  sold  3,423,593  ordinary  shares  under  such 
programme at an average market price of $33.57 per share pursuant to our Distribution 
Agreement, representing gross proceeds of $114.9 million and net proceeds of $113.8 
million. 

C) Project debt refinancing 

Solacor 1 & 2 

In October 2022, we refinanced the project debt of Solacor 1 & 2. The new financing is a 
green euro-denominated loan with a syndicate of banks for a total amount of €205.0 
million. The maturity has been extended until 2037. Interest accrues at a rate per annum 
equal to the sum of 6-month EURIBOR plus a margin of 1.50% between 2022-2027, 1.60% 
between  2027-2032  and  1.70%  between  2032-2037.  We  have  hedged  our  EURIBOR 
exposure: 

-  71% through a swap set at 2.36% for the life of the financing 
-  19% by maintaining the existing 1% strike caps with maturity in 2025. 

This financing arrangement permits cash distribution to shareholders twice per year if 
the debt service coverage ratio is at least 1.15x. 

57 

 
 
Solnova 1, 3 & 4 

In December 2022, we refinanced the project debt of Solnova 1, 3 & 4. The new financing 
agreement  is  a  green  euro-denominated  loan  with  a  syndicate  of  banks  for  a  total 
amount of €338.5 million. The new project debt replaced the previous three project loans 
and maturity was extended from 2029 and 2030 to June 2035. Interest accrues at a rate 
per annum equal to the sum of 6-month EURIBOR plus a margin of 1.50% between 2023-
2027, 1.65% between 2028-2032 and 1.80% between 2033 onwards. The principal is 90% 
hedged for the life of the loan through a combination of the following instruments: 

-  a swap with a 3.23% strike with initial notional of €170.3 million starting in December 

2022 and decreasing over time until maturity. 

-  a cap with a 1.0% strike with initial notional of €134.2 million starting in December 

2022 and decreasing over time until December 2025. 

-  a cap with a 2.0% strike with initial notional of €64.9 million starting June 2026 and 

decreasing over time until December 2030. 

This financing arrangement permits cash distribution to shareholders twice per year if 
the debt service coverage ratio is at least 1.10x from 2023 to 2032 and 1.15x from 2032 
onwards. 

Both  refinancing  agreements  also  include  a  mechanism  under  which,  in  the  case  that 
electricity market prices are above certain levels defined in the contract, a reserve account 
should be established and funded on a six-month rolling basis for the additional revenue 
arising from the difference between actual prices and prices defined in the agreement. 
Under certain conditions, such amounts, if any, should be used for early prepayments 
upon regulatory parameters changes. 

Use of Liquidity and Capital Requirements 

A) Debt service 

Principal payments on debt as of December 31, 2022, are due in the following periods 
according to their contracted maturities: 

$ in millions 

Project Debt 

Corporate Debt  
Total Debt 

2023 

2024 

2025 

2026 

2027 

Subsequent 
Years 

Total 

328.6 

16.7 
345.3 

323.7 

38.9 
362.6 

442.91 

110.2 
553.1 

358.5 

309.1 
667.6 

505.0 

147.3 
652.3 

2,596.4 

395.0 
2,989.4 

4,553.1 

1,017.2 
5,570.3 

Note: 
(1) 

Includes the outstanding amount of the Green Project Finance from the sub-holding company of Solaben 1 & 6 and 
Solaben 2 & 3. This facility is 25% progressively amortised over its 5-year term and the remaining 75% is expected 
to be refinanced before maturity. 

The project debt maturities will be repaid with cash flows generated from the projects 
in respect of which that financing was incurred. 

B)  Contractual obligations 

In addition to the principal repayment debt obligations detailed above, we have other 
contractual  obligations  to  make  future  payments.  The  material  obligations  consist  of 
interest related to our project debt and corporate debt and agreements in which we enter 
in the normal course of business. 

58 

 
 
  
 
 
Total 

  Up to one 
year 

823.9    

96.8    

Between 
one and 
three years 
$ in millions 
154.3    

Between 
three and 
five years 

  Subsequent 
years 

107.9    

464.8   

1,821.9    

264.6    

477.9    

383.3    

696.0 

Purchase commitments 
Accrued interest estimate during 
the useful life of loans 

Purchase obligations include agreements for the purchase of goods or services that are 
enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms. In 2022, we reached 
an agreement to internalise some of our long-term operation and maintenance contracts 
at  Kaxu  and  at  part  of  our  solar  assets  in  Spain  and  to  reduce  the  duration  of  other 
contracts. As a result, Purchase commitments have decreased with respect to December 
31, 2022.  

Accrued interest estimate during the useful life of loans represents the estimation for the 
total amount of interest to be paid or accumulated over the useful life of the loans, notes 
and bonds, taking into consideration the hedging contracts. 

C) Cash dividends to investors  

We  intend  to  distribute  a  significant  portion  of  our  cash  available  for  distribution  to 
shareholders on an annual basis less reserves for the prudent conduct of our business. 
We  intend  to  distribute  a  quarterly  dividend  to  investors.  The  determination  of  the 
amount of the cash dividends to be paid to shareholders will be made by our Board of 
directors and will depend upon our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, 
long-term prospects and any other matters that our Board of Directors deem relevant. 

Our cash available for distribution is likely to fluctuate from quarter to quarter and, in 
some  cases,  significantly  as  a  result  of  the  seasonality  of  our  assets,  the  terms  of  our 
financing  arrangements,  maintenance  and  outage  schedules,  among  other  factors. 
Accordingly, during quarters in which our projects generate cash available for distribution 
in excess of the amount necessary for us to pay our stated quarterly dividend, we may 
reserve  a  portion  of  the  excess  to  fund  cash  distributions  in  future  quarters.  During 
quarters in which we do not generate sufficient cash available for distribution to fund our 
stated  quarterly  cash  dividend,  if  our  Board  of  Directors  so  determines,  we  may  use 
retained  cash  flow  from  other  quarters,  and  other  sources  of  cash  to  pay  to  our 
shareholders. 

The table below included our historical quarterly dividends since the beginning of 2022: 

Declared 
February 25, 2022 
May 5, 2022 
August 2, 2022 
November 8, 2022 
February 28, 2023 

Record 
March 14, 2022 
May 31, 2022 
August 31, 2022 
November 30, 2022 
March 14, 2023 

Paid 

US$ per share 

March 25, 2022 
June 15, 2022 
September 15, 2022 
December 15, 2022 
March 25, 2023 

0.44 
0.44 
0.445 
0.445 
0.445 

59 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
  
 
 
D) Investments and Acquisitions 

The investments detailed in “Significant events in 2022” have been part of the use of our 
liquidity in 2022. We expect to continue making investments in assets in operation, or 
under construction or development to grow our portfolio. 

E)  Capital Expenditures 

In  2022,  we  invested  $39.1  million  in  maintenance  capital  expenditures  in  our  assets. 
From this amount, $20.5 million corresponded to investments in the storage system at 
Solana.  In  2021,  we  invested  $19.2  million  in  maintenance  capital  expenditures  in  our 
assets,  mainly  corresponding  to  capital  expenditures  and  equipment  replacements  at 
Solana. In some cases, maintenance capex is included in the operation and maintenance 
agreement, therefore it is included in operating expenses within our income statement. 

60 

 
 
 
 
Wildlife and Vegetation Protection 

61 

      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal Risks and Uncertainties 

Effective risk management is an essential part of our culture and strategy. Our corporate 
policies are supported by a solid commitment to risk management that guides all our 
decisions. 

Our Approach to Risk 

•  We  recognise  that  risks  are  inherent  to  our  business.  Only  through  adequate  risk 
management we can reduce uncertainty to make the right strategic decisions and to 
implement our growth plan and investment strategy. 

•  Exposure  to  risks  must  be  consistent  with  our  risk  appetite.  The  Board  regularly 

reviews the acceptable level of exposure to principal and emerging risks.  

•  Risks are aligned with our risk appetite, taking into consideration the balance between 

threats and opportunities. 

•  We recognise the importance of a strong culture, which refers to our shared attitudes, 
values and standards that shape behaviours related to risk awareness, risk taking and 
risk management.  

•  All our people are responsible for risk management, with the ultimate accountability 
residing  with  the  Board.  Each  business  geography  carries  out  risk  evaluations  to 
ensure the sound identification, management, monitoring and reporting of risks that 
could impact the achievement of our goals. 

•  Risk is analysed using a consistent framework. Our risk management methodology is 
applied to all our operating companies, projects, development activities and support 
areas so that we have a comprehensive view of the uncertainties that could affect us 
in achieving our strategic goals. 

•  We are committed to continuous improvement. Lessons learned and best  practices 

are incorporated into our procedures to protect and unlock sustainable value. 

Our Risk Appetite 

We define risk appetite as the nature and extent of risk Atlantica is willing to accept in 
relation to the pursuit of its objectives. A scale is used to help determine the risk appetite 
threshold for each risk, keeping in consideration that risk appetite may change over time. 
The risk management approach is based on the assessment of risk appetite performed 
by management and shared with the Board of Directors. 

The  following  principles guide  Atlantica´s  overarching  appetite  for  risk  and  determine 
how our businesses and risks are managed. 

Operating model and business practice 

•  We are committed to prioritising and actively promoting health and safety as a tool 
to  protect  the  integrity  and  health  of  our  employees,  subcontractors  and  partners 
involved in our business activity. 

•  We seek to generate returns in line with a conservative risk appetite and strong risk 

management capability. 

•  We aim to deliver sustainable and consistent returns for shareholders. 

62 

 
 
•  We  are  strongly  committed  to  complying  with  all  rules  and  regulations.  We 
continuously  strive  for  the  highest  standards  of  business  conduct,  safety  and 
professionalism.  

•  We are committed to managing the climate risks that have an impact on our business and 

delivering on our emissions reduction targets. 

Maintain a contracted portfolio with a low risk profile 

•  We intend to maintain a portfolio with a majority of assets contracted or regulated 

with long useful life and a stable and predictable long-term cash flow profile. 

•  We seek to invest generally in assets with proven technologies in which we normally 
have significant experience, located in countries where we believe conditions to be 
stable.  

•  We may complement our portfolio with investments or co-investments in assets with 
shorter contracts or with partially contracted or merchant revenue or in assets with 
revenue in currencies other than U.S. dollar or euro. 

•  In  terms  of  operational  efficiency,  we  focus  on  ensuring  long-term  availability, 

reliability and asset integrity with maintenance and monitoring. 

Maintain a prudent financial policy and financial flexibility 

•  Non-recourse  project  debt  is  an  important  principle  for  us.  We  intend  to  continue 
financing our assets with project debt progressively amortised using the cash flows 
from  each  asset  and  where  lenders  do  not  have  recourse  to  the  holding  company 
assets. 

•  We hedge a significant portion of our interest rate risk exposure for the long-term.  
•  We limit our foreign exchange exposure. We intend to ensure that at least 80% of our 
cash  available  for  distribution  is  always  in  U.S.  dollars  and  euros.  Furthermore,  we 
hedge net distributions in euros for the upcoming 24 months on a rolling basis. 

•  We  intend  to  maintain  a  solid  liquidity  position  through  a  combination  of  cash  on 

hand and undrawn credit facilities.  

•  In order to maintain financial flexibility, we use diversified sources of financing in our 
project  and  corporate  debt  including  banks,  capital  markets  and  private  investor 
financing.  

Additionally, our policies and management systems include thorough risk analysis and 
risk  management  processes  applied  on  an  ongoing  basis  from  the  date  of  asset 
acquisition or the beginning of construction.  

We seek to build our business for the long term by balancing social, environmental and 
economic  considerations  in  the  decisions  we  make.  Our  strategic  priorities  are 
underpinned by our endeavour to operate in a sustainable way. This helps us to manage 
the risk profile of the business.  

63 

 
 
 
 
Our Risk Management Framework 

Risk Governance  

The  Board,  with  the  support  of  management,  has  overall  responsibility  for  risk 
management and determines the nature and extent of the principal and emerging risks 
that  we  will  accept  in  order  to  achieve  our  strategic  objectives.  The  Board  receives 
detailed analysis of key matters in advance of Board meetings. This includes reports on 
our  operating  performance  including  safety and  health,  financial,  environmental,  legal 
and social matters, and key progresses in our business development activities, as well as 
information on talent management and analysis of financial investments. The provision 
of this information allows the early identification of potential issues and the assessment 
of any necessary preventive and mitigating actions.  

The  Audit  Committee  assists  the  Board  by  reviewing  the  effectiveness  of  the  risk 
management  process  and  monitoring  principal  and  emerging  risks,  preventive  and 
mitigation procedures and action plans. The Chair of the Audit Committee reports to the 
Board when required and, if necessary, the Board discusses the matters raised in greater 
detail. 

The Risk Management Department is responsible for risk management systems across 
the Company. It implements the Company’s risk management policy, vision and purpose 
to  ensure  a  strong  risk  management  culture  at  all  levels  of  the  organisation.  The 
Department  supports  business  areas  in  analysing  their  risks,  identifying  existing 
preventive  and  mitigating  controls  and  defining further  action  plans.  It maintains  and 
regularly updates the Company’s risk map matrix. 

The  Business  Committee,  which  is  comprised  of  our  Geographic  VPs  and  top 
management assesses the Company’s principal risks and their potential impact on the 
achievement  of  our  strategic  goals.  The  Committee  promotes  our  risk  management 
culture in each of the business areas. 

Atlantica has developed a risk analysis methodology based on ISO 31000 standard and 
on common market practices. The risk analysis comprises the following steps: 

-  Risk  Identification  (ex-ante):  identify  causes  that  may  turn  into  a  risk  situation, 

classifying  those  potential  causes  as  natural,  human,  intentioned,  accidental,  and 

technological. 

-  Risk Assessment: evaluate the risk considering its likelihood and potential impact. 

-  Risk  Management  Plan:  focused  on  mitigating  risk  effects.  To  prevent  unexpected 

events, Atlantica’s Risk Management corporate team in collaboration with Geographic 

VPs, analyse unexpected risks in each of our geographies and define a Prevention and 

Mitigation Plan for each risk.  

The  Head  of  Risk  Management  coordinates  the  risk  identification,  assessment, 
monitoring and mitigation effort primarily with the Geographic VPs. The resulting Risk 
Heat  Map  is  periodically  reviewed  and  approved  by  the  senior  management  team 

64 

 
 
including Atlantica’s VPs, the Chief Financial Officer, and the Chief Executive Officer and 
reported to the Board quarterly. 

Atlantica’s risk management process follows a multidisciplinary approach to identifying 
risks  in  different  areas,  assigning  probability  distributions,  and  estimating  potential 
economic impacts in order to develop action plans to mitigate the main risks facing the 
Company. The process includes completing a questionnaire regarding risk indicators and 
economic  impact.  An  output  of  the  process  includes  reporting  on  each  major  risk 
including the risk assessment, mitigation strategies, deadlines, and responsible parties. 
Risks are re-assessed on a quarterly basis. 

The Finance Committee monitors market risks such as interest rate risk, foreign exchange 
risk and credit risk and is also responsible for monitoring and managing liquidity risks. 

In addition, the Operations Department and the Operations Committee are responsible 
for monitoring and preventing health and safety, operational and environmental risks. 

65 

 
 
 
 
Risk management Structure 

Board of Directors 

Audit Committee 

Business Committee 

Third Line of Defence 

Second Line of Defence 

First Line of Defence 

Board of Directors 

•  Overall responsibility for risk management and its alignment with the strategy 
•  Defines risk appetite and sets the “tone from the top” 
•  Reviews, challenges and monitors principal risks 

Audit Committee 

•  Makes recommendations to the Board on the risk management system 
•  Reviews the effectiveness and implementation of the risk management system 

Business Committee 

•  Assesses risks and their potential impact on the achievement of our strategic goals 
•  Promotes our risk management culture in each of the business areas 
•  Is the owner of principal risks  
•  Approves the Risk Management Policies 

Third Line of Defence 

•  The Internal Audit Department provides assurance on the risk management process, 
including  the  effectiveness  of  the  performance  of  the  first  and  second  lines  of 
defence. 

Second Line of Defence 

•  The  Risk  Management  Department  is  accountable  for  monitoring  our  overall  risk 
profile and risk management performance, registering risks and issuing alerts if any 
deviation is detected.  

•  Make recommendations on the risk management system. 

First Line of Defence 

•  Each person is responsible for identifying, preventing and mitigating risks in their 

business area and escalating concerns to the appropriate level if required. 

66 

 
 
 
 
Principal risks  

The  Company  and  its  underlying  assets  are  subject  to  a  number  of  risks  including 
operational,  regulatory,  financial,  and  other.  The  processes  and  systems  implemented 
have been designed to mitigate those risks to the extent possible.  

Brexit  and  COVID-19  were  identified  as  principal  risks  in  2021  but  are  no  longer 
considered significant. However, we remain vigilant in our health and safety measures. 
On the other hand, we have included the potential impacts of dependence on certain key 
personnel because employee turnover has increased in 2022. 

We include the following table as a summary of some of those risks and action plans 
carried out to mitigate them: 

Risk / Impact 

Safety and health incidents 
could result in harm to our 
employees, contractors and 
local communities and 
expose us to significant 
financial losses, as well as 
civil and criminal liabilities. 

in 

The  ownership,  construction 
and  operation  of  our  assets 
often  put  our  employees  and 
others,  including  those  of  our 
subcontractors, 
close 
proximity  with  large  pieces  of 
equipment, 
mechanised 
vehicles, 
moving 
industrial 
manufacturing  or 
processes, 
electrical 
equipment,  batteries,  heat  or 
liquids  stored  under  pressure 
or  at  high  temperatures  and 
highly  regulated  materials.  On 
most  projects  and  at  most 
facilities,  we,  in  some  cases 
together  with  the  operation 
and  maintenance  supplier  or 
the EPC contractor supplier, are 
safety. 
responsible 
Accordingly, 
must 
implement  safe  practices  and 
safety  procedures,  which  are 
also  applicable 
to  on-site 
subcontractors. 

for 
we 

If  we  or  the  operation  and 
maintenance  supplier  or  the 
EPC  contractor  fail  to  design 
and  implement  such  practices 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

Low 

construction 
As  our 
activity 
increases,  our 
exposure  to  accidents 
has also increased, since 
accident  performance 
indicators  are  typically 
higher  in  construction 
activities  compared  to 
operation 
and 
maintenance. 

In  2022  all  our  key 
health 
safety 
and 
indicators  met  annual 
targets  and  remained 
below  sector  average. 
2022  GFI  was  5.2  and 
FWLI  was  3,  compared 
to  6.0  and  2.3  in  2021 
(see 
“Occupational 
Health  and  Safety”). 
Although  our 
ratios 
remain  low,  the  FWLI 
increased  with  respect 
to  the  previous  year, 
which  is  mostly  due  to 
the 
in  our 
increase 
construction activity.  

We  continue  to  closely 
monitor  all  accidents 
and  incidents.  As  the 
construction  activity  of 
new  projects  increases 
in  2023  and  2024,  the 
exposure  to  this  risk  is 
expected to increase. 

67 

-  Safety 

is  our 

top 
priority and one of our 
core values. 

-  Atlantica 

has 
implemented a Health 
and 
Safety 
programme,  which  is 
key  to  mitigating  this 
risk  and  has  been  in 
place  since  2017.  We 
regularly  audit  our 
assets and implement 
new  best  practices 
lessons 
based  on 
other 
in 
learned 
assets, as well as from 
peers, contractors and 
suppliers. 

-  We  have  defined  a 
plan  to  reinforce  our 
health 
safety 
and 
procedures during the 
phase 
construction 
and to involve the EPC 
contractors. 

-  To  integrate  recently 
acquired  assets  we 
have 
performed 
specific  external  and 
internal  audits,  issued 
new safety campaigns 
bulletins, 
and 
performed 
safety 
inspections, 
and 
procedures 
training, 
and 
extended  health  and 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Risk / Impact 

if 

and  procedures  or 
the 
practices  and  procedures  are 
ineffective  or  if  our  operation 
and  maintenance 
service 
providers  or  the  contractors  in 
charge  of  the  construction  of 
our assets or other suppliers do 
not follow them, our employees 
and  others  may  become 
injured. This could result in civil 
and  criminal  liabilities  against 
the Company. 

subject 

dealing 

to 
We  are  also 
with 
regulations 
occupational health and safety 
and 
work 
environmental 
procedures 
throughout  our 
organisation.  The  failure  to 
comply  with  such  regulations 
could 
to 
reputational  damage  and/or 
liability. 

subject 

us 

Mediu
m/ 

Low 

Counterparty credit risk  

Not  being  able  to  collect  our 
revenues. 

A  significant  portion  of  the 
electric power we generate, the 
transmission capacity we have, 
and  our  desalination  capacity 
are  sold  under  long-term  off-
take  agreements  with  public 
or 
utilities, 
commercial 
or 
governmental  entities,  with  a 
weighted  average  remaining 
duration  of  approximately  14 
years as of December 31, 2022. 

end-users 

industrial 

The  credit 
rating  of 
Eskom  has  been  stable 
during  2022  and  we 
have never experienced 
delays in collections.  

In  the  case  of  Pemex, 
there  was  a downgrade 
of  its  credit  rating  by 
Moody’s  in  2022.  We 
experienced 
have 
the  past. 
delays 
However, 
of 
December  31,  2022  the 
shorter 
delays  were 
previous 
than 
quarters. 

as 

in 

in 

fulfil 

If any of our clients are unable 
or  unwilling 
their 
to 
contractual  obligations  or  if 
they  delay  payments,  our 
business,  financial  condition, 
results  of  operations  and  cash 
flow  may 
be  materially 
adversely affected. 

Eskom  is  the  off-taker  of  our 
Kaxu  solar  plant,  a  state-
owned, 
liability 
limited 
company, wholly owned by the 

68 

Mitigation of Risk 

safety  bonuses 
to 
certain  employees  to 
improve supervision. 

-  The 

short-term 

variable 
compensation  of  our 
CEO, Geographic  VPs, 
Head  of  Operations 
and other members of 
management 
our 
includes  Health  and 
Safety targets. 

-  See 

section 
“Occupational  Health 
and  Safety” 
for  a 
comprehensive 
description  of  our 
initiatives. 

In  the  case  of  Kaxu, 
payment 
Eskom’s 
guarantees 
to  our 
Kaxu  solar  plant  are 
underwritten  by  the 
African 
South 
of 
Department 
the 
Energy,  under 
terms 
an 
implementation 
The 
agreement. 
credit  ratings  of  the 
Republic  of  South 
Africa  as  of  the  date 
of this report are BB-
/Ba2/BB-  by  S&P, 
Moody’s  and  Fitch, 
respectively.  

of 

In the case of Pemex, 
during 2022 we have 
maintained  a  pro-
approach 
active 
including 
fluid 
dialogue  with  our 
client. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

Risk / Impact 

Republic  of  South  Africa.  The 
credit  rating  of  Eskom  has 
weakened in the last few years 
and  is  currently  CCC+  from 
S&P  Global  Rating  (“S&P”), 
Caa1  from  Moody’s  Investor 
Service  Inc.  (“Moody’s”)  and 
BB-  from  Fitch  Ratings  Inc. 
(“Fitch”).  

In  addition,  Pemex’s  credit 
rating is currently BBB, B1 and 
BB-  from  S&P,  Moody’s  and 
Fitch,  respectively.  We  have 
experienced 
in 
collections  from  Pemex  in  the 
past,  especially 
the 
second  half  of  2019,  which 
have been significant in certain 
quarters. 

delays 

since 

Low 

Poor performance of assets 

If  our  assets  perform  worse 
than 
can 
expected,  we 
experience  loss  of  revenues 
and  cash  flows  at  the  project 
level,  which 
subsequently 
impacts  cash  returns  to  the 
Company.  

The  ability  of  certain  assets  in 
our  portfolio  to  meet  our 
performance  expectations 
is 
subject to the risks inherent to 
the operation of such facilities, 
including,  but  not  limited  to, 
degradation  of  equipment  in 
excess  of  our  expectations, 
system  failures  and  outages 
and more operational costs  or 
capital 
maintenance 
initially 
expenditures 
expected. 

than 

and 

In  addition,  Atlantica  relies  on 
third  parties  for  the  supply  of 
equipment, 
services 
technologically 
including 
complex 
and 
software,  and  operation  and 
maintenance 
to 
operate our assets.  

equipment 

services 

in 

-  During 2022, our assets 
generally 
have 
performed  fairly  in  line 
with 
expectations. 
However,  at  Solana, 
the 
availability 
system  was 
storage 
lower 
than  expected 
due  to  the  repairs  and 
replacements  that  we 
are  carrying  out  after 
leaks  were  identified  in 
the first quarter of 2020. 
have 
These  works 
impacted  production  in 
2021 and 2022 and may 
in 
impact  production 
have 
2023. 
experienced  delays 
in 
2021  and  2022  in  the 
repairs 
and 
replacements  we  are 
These 
carrying  out. 
works  have 
impacted 
production in 2021  and 
2022,  together  with  a 
field 
solar 
lower 
performance,  and  may 
impact  production 
in 
2023. 

We 

-  Dedicated supervisory 
management 
and 
teams  in  place  at  our 
assets.  

-  Reporting 

and 
monitoring systems in 
place.  

-  Asset  managers  are 
for 
responsible 
completing  checklists 
designed  to  identify 
operational, 
and 
maintenance 
risks, 
engineering, 
improve 
efficiency 
and  reduce  costs  at 
asset level. 

-   Our 

corporate 
team 
regular 

operations 
performs 
operational, 
maintenance 
and 
engineering  audits  to 
risks, 
identify 
and 
implement 
follow-up 
on 
mitigation  plans  and 
best  practices  and 
share  insights  gained 
from other assets. 

-   Risk-related  training 
courses  are  regularly 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

Equipment may not last as long 
as expected and we may need 
to 
than 
planned.  

it  earlier 

replace 

in 

respect 

policies 

Damages  to  our  equipment 
may  not  be  covered  by 
insurance 
place.  Our 
property damage and business 
interruption 
have 
significant  deductibles  and 
exclusions  with 
to 
some  key  equipment  which,  if 
in 
could 
damaged, 
financial  losses  and  business 
interruption. In some cases, the 
replacement 
damaged 
equipment  can  take  a  long 
period of time, which can cause 
our  plants  to  curtail  or  cease 
operations during that time. 

result 

of 

on 

key 
Dependence 
personnel  and  risk  of  work 
stoppages 

for 

In  some  of  our  geographies, 
competition 
qualified 
personnel is high. Some of our 
assets  are in remote locations, 
and it may be difficult for us to 
retain  employees  or  to  cover 
certain  positions.  We  may 
experience  difficulty  in  hiring 
and  retaining  employees  with 
appropriate  qualifications.  We 
turnover, 
may 

face  high 

to 

our 
provided 
and 
employees 
subcontractors 
to 
improve  their  skills, 
identify 
risk 
management 
practices  and  report 
them to management. 

new 

-  Operation 

and 
maintenance  can  be 
either  carried  out  in-
house  or  contracted 
with  specialists.  We 
have 
internalised 
and 
operation 
maintenance  services 
in some of our assets. 
We  have  also  tracked 
alternative 
down 
operation 
and 
maintenance 
opportunities  in  the 
market.  

-  On-going  analysis  of 
insurance  alternatives 
in the market and on-
going  dialogue  with 
insurance  companies 
present 
our 
programme as well as 
alternative insurers. 

in 

-  The  local  teams,  the 

Operations 
Department  and  the 
Insurance Department 
take  ownership  of 
managing this risk. 

-  Remuneration 

packages attractive to 
employee, taking into 
account  the  specific 
geography. 
-  Identification 

of 
employees  with  high 
potential and who are 
to 
more 
replace. 

difficult 

Low 

- 

In  2022,  our  turnover 
has 
in 
increased, 
particular  in  the  United 
States.  This  is  a  trend 
that we are observing in 
other  companies  in  the 
sector as well. 

-  The  local  teams  and 
the 
and 
People 
Culture  Department 
take  ownership  of 
managing this risk. 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

Risk / Impact 

requiring  us  to  dedicate  time 
and resources to find and train 
new 
The 
employees. 
challenging  markets  in  which 
we compete for talent may also 
require  us  to  invest  significant 
amounts of cash and equity to 
attract and retain employees. If 
we fail to attract new personnel 
or  fail  to  retain  and  motivate 
this 
our  current  personnel, 
could  adversely 
impact  the 
performance of our assets, our 
business  and  future  growth 
prospects  and  our  ability  to 
compete. 

result 

could 

In  addition,  the  operation  and 
maintenance  of  most  of  our 
assets is labour intensive and in 
many cases our employees and 
our  operators’  employees  are 
by 
covered 
collective 
bargaining 
agreements.  A 
dispute  with  a  union  or 
employees  represented  by  a 
union 
in 
production 
interruptions 
caused  by  work  stoppages.  If 
our 
our 
operators’  employees  were  to 
initiate  a  work  stoppage,  we 
may  not  be  able  to  reach  an 
in  a 
agreement  with  them 
timely  fashion.  If  a  strike  or 
work  stoppage  or  disruption 
were  to  occur,  our  business, 
financial  conditions,  results  of 
operations and cash flows may 
be 
adversely 
affected.  

employees 

materially 

or 

Climate change 

No significant change 

Risks Related to Our Business 
and Our Assets:  

Low 

Climate change 

Climate  change  is  causing  an 
increasing  number  of  severe, 
chronic  and  extreme  weather 
events, which are a risk to our 
facilities and may impact them. 

71 

Acute physical: 
Our  geographic  VPs 
and  our  corporate 
team 
operations 
weather 
monitor 
conditions 
in-real 
time  at  each  of  the 
assets  to  adopt  the 
required  protection 
For 
measures. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

example,  if  winds  are 
forecasted,  our  solar 
fields  are  placed  in  a 
In 
defence  mode. 
addition,  we 
also 
have: 

Risk / Impact 

transition 
existing 

In  addition,  climate  change 
risks, 
may  cause 
related 
and 
to 
emerging regulation related to 
climate  change.  These  risks 
include: 

-  Acute  physical.  Severe  and 
extreme  weather 
events 
include  severe  winds  and 
hurricanes, 
rains, 
cyclones, droughts, as well as 
the  risk  of  fire  and flooding. 
In particular: 

hail, 

•  Severe floods could damage 
our  solar  generation  assets 
or our water facilities. Floods 
landslides 
can  also  cause 
which  may 
our 
transmission lines.  

affect 

•  If  our  transmission  assets 
caused  a  fire,  we  could  be 
found 
fire 
the 
liable 
damaged third parties. 

if 

to  wind 

•  Severe  winter  weather,  like 
the storm in February 2021 in 
Texas,  could  cause  supply 
from  wind  farms  to  decline 
due 
turbine 
freezing.  Also, 
equipment 
natural  gas  assets  could  trip 
offline  due  to  operational 
issues  caused  by  freezing 
conditions. 

•  Rising 

have 

could 

temperatures  and 
droughts 
cause 
wildfires  like  the  ones  that 
have 
affected  California 
starting in 2017. In California 
been 
wildfires 
catastrophic, 
especially 
causing human fatalities and 
losses. 
significant  material 
Although  our  assets 
in 
California are located in areas 
without trees and vegetation, 
wildfires  affected PG&E, one 
of  our  clients  in  the  recent 
“Downstream” 
(see 
past 
described below). 

•  Severe  winds  could  cause 

72 

(ii) 

-  Insurance 

policies 
covering:  (i)  physical 
damage  and 
l 
business interruption. 
-  A  crisis  management 
procedure 
defining 
specific  action  plans 
for all our assets. 

-  An  automatic  alert 
system 
using 
information from U.S. 
Agencies 
National 
local 
and 
weather 
forecast 
agencies. 

from 

-  A  specific  procedure 
for extreme weather. 

-  Furthermore, 

Atlantica  does  not 
have 
hedge 
any 
contract in place with 
an 
to 
obligation 
deliver electricity with 
the  potential  risk  of 
having  to  purchase  it 
at market price. 

Chronic physical: 

-  Our 

corporate 

operations 
closely 
department 
monitors 
the 
performance  of  each 
of  our  assets 
to 
identify measures that 
improve efficiency.  
-  In  addition,  Atlantica 
has  historically  only 
withdrawn 
approximately 50% of 
the  total  regulatory 
limit 
water 
of 
permitted at our solar 
assets.  Even 
if  the 
water  limits  were  to 

 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

damage  the  solar  fields  at 
our solar assets.  

Furthermore,  components  of 
our  equipment  and  systems, 
such  as  structures,  mirrors, 
absorber  tubes,  blades,  PV 
panels  or 
transformers  are 
susceptible  to  being  damaged 
by  severe  weather,  including 
for  example  by  hail  or 
lightning. 

-  Chronic physical. An increase 
in  temperatures  can  reduce 
efficiency 
increase 
and 
operating costs at our plants. 
The  main  impacts  of  rising 
temperatures include: 

-  Lower  turbine  efficiency  in 
our  efficient  natural  gas 
asset.  

-  Reduced  efficiency  at  our 
photovoltaic 

solar 
generation assets.  

-  Lower air density at our wind 

facilities.  

chemicals 

Higher  consumption 
- 
for 
of 
operational  purposes  at  our 
water treatment plants.  

used 

Furthermore,  a  reduction  of 
mean  precipitation  may  result 
in a reduction of availability of 
water  from  aquifers  and could 
also  modify  the  main  water 
properties  at  our  generation 
facilities 

-  Current Regulation. Atlantica 
affected  by 
is  directly 
environmental  regulation  at 
all  our  assets.  This  includes 
climate-related  risks  driven 
by laws, regulation, taxation, 
disclosure  of  emissions  and 
other practices 

-  Emerging 

regulation. 
Changes  in  regulation  could 
have  a  negative  impact  on 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

to 

reduced, 

we 
be 
have 
believe 
margin  to  withdraw 
enough water to keep 
our  plants  working 
local 
properly.  Our 
asset  management 
teams  systematically 
track  and  monitor 
water  availability  as  a 
key asset KPI.  

Regulation: 

-  Current 

regulation: 
Asset  managers  are 
for 
responsible 
monitoring 
asset 
activities  in  line  with 
local  regulation  and 
contractual 
requirements 
(environmental, 
servitudes, 
permits, 
etc.). 
Local 
compliance managers 
are 
for 
responsible 
managing and solving 
compliance  issues  in 
geographies 
their 
under 
their 
responsibility, 
including 
supervision 
compliance 
current regulation. 
-  Emerging  regulation: 
internal 
Various 
working  groups  and 
management 
regularly  review  risks 
new 
arising 
regulatory 
developments 
potential impacts.  

the 
of 
with 

from 

and 

Reputation:  

-  We 

to 

refer 

the 
Environment,  Social 
Governance 
and 
section in this Report. 

-  General:  

73 

 
 
 
 
Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

Risk / Impact 

Atlantica's  growth  or  cause 
an increase in cost. 

to 

-  Reputation. If our reputation 
worsened, our cost of capital 
increase  and  our 
could 
capital  may 
access 
become  more  difficult. 
In 
addition, 
some  potential 
employees,  clients,  and  /or 
could  perceive 
suppliers 
Atlantica as a less appealing 
a 
company 
due 
our 
deterioration 
reputation. 

to 

in 

risks, 
and 

-  Downstream.  Some  of  our 
clients  are  large  utilities  or 
corporations. 
industrial 
These  are  also  exposed  to 
significant  climate  change 
including 
related 
emerging 
current 
regulation, acute and chronic 
physical  risks.  If  our  clients 
are  affected  by  climate 
this  could 
related 
impact  their  credit  quality 
and  affect  their  ability  to 
comply  with 
the  existing 
contract. 

risks, 

Related 

Risks 
to  Our 
Relationship with Algonquin  

Algonquin 
shareholder 
substantial influence over us. 

is  our 
and 

largest 
exercises 

Algonquin 
Currently, 
beneficially owns 42.2% of our 
ordinary shares  and is entitled 
to  vote  on  approximately 
41.5%  of  our  ordinary  shares. 
As  a  result  of  this  ownership, 
Algonquin 
substantial 
has 
influence  over  our  affairs  and 
their  ownership  interest  and 
voting  power  constitute  a 
significant  percentage  of  the 
shares  eligible  to  vote  on  any 
matter  requiring  the  approval 
of our shareholders.  

Not 
Relevan
t 

74 

January 

is  possible 

In 
2023 
Algonquin  announced 
a  number  of  actions, 
including  a  plan  to 
divest 
approximately 
$1  billion  in  assets.  As 
one  of  the  assets  in 
Algonquin’s  portfolio, 
it 
that 
Algonquin  may  have  a 
potential 
in 
selling part or all of its 
equity 
in 
Atlantica.  Uncertainty 
about 
Algonquin’s 
plans  or  strategy  with 
respect  to  the  holding 
or  disposition  of  all  or 
its 
any  portion  of 
in 
interest 
equity 

interest 

interest 

-  Atlantica 

a 

has 
risk 
developed 
analysis methodology 
ISO 
based  on 
on 
31000 
market 
common 
practices.  

and 

the 

-  We 

use 

a 

multidisciplinary 
approach  to  identify 
risks in different areas 
and 
develop 
appropriate 
mitigation plans. 

-  Management, 
and 

local 
teams 
the 
corporate  operations 
take 
department 
ownership 
of 
managing this risk. 

-  Any 

us 
GES 

transaction 
between 
and 
or 
Liberty 
Algonquin  (including 
the acquisition of any 
ROFO  assets  or  any 
co-investment  with 
or 
Liberty 
GES 
any 
Algonquin  or 
an 
investment 
in 
is 
Algonquin  asset) 
subject to our related 
party 
transactions 
policy,  which  requires 
prior approval of such 
the 
transactions  by 
Related 
Party 
Transactions 
Committee,  which  is 
composed 
of 
independent 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

including 

Liberty GES and Algonquin are 
related  parties  and  may  have 
interests  that  differ  from  our 
interests, 
with 
respect to growth appetite, the 
types of investments made, the 
timing  and  amount  of  the 
dividends  paid  by  us,  the 
reinvestment 
returns 
generated  by  our  operations, 
the  use  of 
leverage  when 
making  investments  and  the 
appointment 
outside 
advisors and service providers. 

of 

of 

to 

related 

In  addition,  our  reputation  is 
closely 
that  of 
Algonquin. Any damage to the 
public  image  or  reputation  of 
Algonquin 
a 
material  adverse  effect  on  our 
business,  financial  condition, 
results  of  operations  and  cash 
flows. 

could  have 

Furthermore,  dispositions  of 
substantial  amounts  of  the 
shares,  or  the  anticipation  or 
perception  by  the  market  that 
such  dispositions  could  occur, 
affect 
adversely 
could 
prevailing trading prices of the 
shares  and  could  impair  our 
ability  to  raise  capital  through 
future  offerings  of  equity  or 
equity-related securities 

from 

if  any 

Additionally, 
investor 
acquires  over  50.0%  of  our 
shares or if our ordinary shares 
cease  to  be  listed,  we  may  be 
required to refinance all or part 
of our corporate debt or obtain 
the 
waivers 
related 
noteholders  or 
lenders,  as 
applicable, due to the fact that 
all  of  our  corporate  financing 
agreements contain customary 
change  of  control  provisions 
and delisting restrictions. If we 
fail to obtain such waivers and 
the 
related  noteholders  or 
lenders,  as  applicable,  elect  to 

and 

such 
Atlantica 
may 
uncertainty 
negatively  affect  the 
market  price  for  our 
shares  and  our  ability 
raise  capital  by 
to 
offering 
or 
equity 
equity-related 
securities. 

Mitigation of Risk 

directors. 

to 
our 
Parties 

-  Algonquin  has 
comply  with 
Related 
Transaction 
Committee and Terms 
of Reference 

-  Algonquin  has 

the 
appoint 

to 

right 
directors 
proportionally to their 
ownership  but  in  any 
event no more than (i) 
of 
such 
directors 
as 
corresponds to 41.5% 
of 
voting 
securities; and (ii) 50% 
of our Board less one. 

number 

our 

and 

-  Furthermore, 
Algonquin’s 
voting 
rights  are  limited  to 
41.5% 
the 
additional  shares  (the 
between 
difference 
shares 
the 
beneficially  owned  by 
Algonquin and shares 
representing 41.5% of 
voting  rights)  votes 
replicating 
non-
Algonquin’s 
shareholders vote. 

actual 

-  The Board of Directors 
takes  ownership  of 
managing this risk. 

75 

 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

accelerate 
relevant 
the 
corporate debt, we may not be 
able to repay or refinance such 
debt,  which  may  have  a 
material  adverse  effect  on  our 
financial  condition 
business, 
results  of  operations  and  cash 
flows. Additionally, in the event 
of a change of control we could 
see  an  increase  in  the  yearly 
state  property  tax  payment  in 
Mojave,  which  would  be 
reassessed by the tax authority 
at  the  time  the  change  of 
control  potentially  occurred. 
There  could  also  be  other  tax 
impacts and other impacts that 
we  have  not  yet  identified. 
Furthermore,  a  change  of 
control 
an 
ownership 
under 
Section 382 of the IRC (see risks 
related to Taxation below). 

change 

trigger 

could 

Related 

Risks 
Relationship with Abengoa  

to  Our 

Abengoa  is  the  O&M  supplier 
at  part  of  our  assets  and  was 
our  largest  shareholder  years 
ago. 

Low 

Abengoa’s  financial  condition 
including  the  insolvency  filing 
by  Abengoa  S.A.  (which  is  the 
holding company) could affect 
its 
its 
to 
obligations  with  us  under  the 
operation  and  maintenance 
agreements and may affect our 
reputation. 

satisfy 

ability 

In addition, although Abengoa 
has  not  been  our  shareholder 
since the end of 2018, in some 
geographies  our 
reputation 
continues to be related to that 
of  Abengoa.  Any  damage  to 
the public image or reputation 
of  Abengoa  could  have  a 
negative impact on us. 

Many  of  our  senior  executives 
have  previously  worked  for 

During  the  year  2022, 
has 
exposure 
our 
decreased  substantially 
that  we  have 
given 
O&M 
internalised 
services  at  part  of  our 
2021, 
plants. 
In 
performed 
Abengoa 
and 
operation 
maintenance 
(O&M) 
services  for  assets  that 
represented 
approximately  47%  of 
our 
consolidated 
revenue  for  that  year. 
the 
Following 
the 
internalisation  of 
O&M  services  a  Kaxu 
and at part of our assets 
Abengoa 
in 
Spain, 
for 
provided  services 
assets 
representing 
around 20% of our 2022 
consolidated 
revenue. 
We  are  currently  in  the 
process  of  transitioning 
and 
operation 
the 

have 

We 
replaced 
as  O&M 
Abengoa 
supplier  in  part  of  the 
assets. 

We  have  reached  an 
agreement to introduce 
a  clause  to  be  able  to 
terminate  their  services 
at the rest of our assets 
and  we  are  currently 
considering  options  to 
replace them. 

We have identified third 
party suppliers who can 
perform  the  operation 
maintenance 
and 
services. 

We  are  currently  in  the 
process  of  transitioning 
and 
operation 
the 
maintenance services  in 
Spain from an Abengoa 
subsidiary 
a 
the 
subsidiary 
Company. 

to 
of 

Senior  management 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
Mitigation of Risk 

and  local  teams  take 
ownership  of managing 
this risk. 

to 
of 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 
maintenance services in 
Spain from an Abengoa 
a 
subsidiary 
the 
subsidiary 
Company.  once 
this 
is  completed, 
transfer 
we  expect  Abengoa  to 
provide  O&M  services 
for  assets  representing 
approximately  4%  of 
our 
consolidated 
revenue.  

Risk / Impact 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

of 

prior 

Abengoa.  Abengoa’s  current 
restructuring 
and 
processes,  and  the  events  and 
circumstances that led to them, 
are  currently  the  subject  of 
various  legal  proceedings  and 
may  in  the  future  become  the 
subject 
additional 
proceedings. To the extent that 
allegations  are  made  in  any 
such  proceedings  that  involve 
us,  our  assets,  our  dealings 
with 
our 
employees,  such  proceedings 
may  have  a  material  adverse 
effect on our business, financial 
condition, results of operations 
and  cash  flows,  as  well  as  on 
our reputation and employees. 

Abengoa 

or 

All  these  situations  may  have 
an  adverse  effect  on  our 
business,  financial  condition, 
results  of  operations  and  cash 
flows. 

The financing agreements of 
our project subsidiaries  

interest 

These 
loan 
are  primarily 
agreements which provide that 
the  repayment  of  the  loans 
(and 
is 
secured  solely  by  the  shares, 
physical  assets,  contracts  and 
the  cash  flow  of  that  project 
company. 

thereon) 

project 

finance 
Our 
agreements  include  covenants 
and  restrictions  which  may 
limit  our  ability  to  distribute 
cash from project companies to 
the holding company level. 

In addition, if we fail to satisfy 
any  of  our  debt 
service 
obligations  or  breach  any 
related  financial  or  operating 
covenants, 
applicable 
the 
lender  could  declare  the  full 
amount of the relevant project 
debt  to  be  immediately  due 
could 
and 

payable 

and 

No significant change 

-  Reporting 

monitoring 
covenants 
contract. 

and 
of 
in  each 

Low 

-  Forecasts  by 

local 
teams,  reviewed  by 
corporate 
our 
to 
departments 
the  main 
monitor 
covenants 
and 
identify  any  potential 
future  restriction  to 
take  measures 
in 
advance. 

and 

-  Management 
specialised 
compliance  and  legal 
teams 
constantly 
tracking any change. 

-  The  local  teams  take 
of 

ownership 
managing this risk. 

-  A  quarterly  report  is 
provided to the Audit 
Committee 
from 
Internal  Audit  on 

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

foreclose  on 
any 
pledged as collateral. 

assets 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Low 

Liquidity  Risk  and  Access  to 
capital  

Our  liquidity  at  the  corporate 
level  depends  on  distribution 
from  the  project  level  entities, 
most  of  which  have  project 
debt in place. Distributions are 
generally 
the 
subject 
compliance with covenants and 
other  conditions  under  our 
project finance agreements 

to 

Liquidity risk involves: 

- Not  being  able  to  meet  our 
payment obligations  as they 
fall due. 

- Not  being  able  to  meet  our 
covenants  and  obligations 
under 
corporate 
our 
financing arrangements. 

financing 
for 

-  Failing  to  meet  the  required 
for 
or  desired 
acquisitions  and 
the 
successfully  refinancing  of 
and 
Company’s 
corporate indebtedness. 

project 

The  global  capital  and  credit 
markets  have  experienced  in 
the  past  and  may  continue  to 
experience, periods of extreme 
volatility  and  disruption.  At 
times,  our  access  to  financing 
was 
curtailed  by  market 
conditions  and  other  factors. 
Continued 
disruptions, 
uncertainty  or  volatility  in  the 
global 
credit 
markets may limit our access to 
additional  capital  required  to 
on 
our 
refinance 
satisfactory terms or at all, may 
limit our ability to replace, in a 

capital 

debt 

and 

in 

and 

over 

Capital  markets  have 
been  experiencing  high 
volatility  during  2022 
the  United 
both 
Europe. 
States 
the 
Concerns 
lingering  effect  of  the 
pandemic, 
COVID-19 
high  global 
inflation, 
interest  rate  increases, 
war  in  Ukraine,  energy 
crisis  in  Europe,  volatile 
high 
gas 
prices, 
prices 
electricity 
particularly  in  Europe, 
tensions  between  the 
U.S.,  Russia  and  China, 
the availability and cost 
of  credit,  the  instability 
of  the  euro,  and  the 
economic 
conditions 
and concerns of a global 
have 
recession 
and 
exacerbated 
to 
contributed 
increased  volatility 
in 
capital  markets  and 
worsened  expectations 
In 
for  the  economy. 
addition,  our  high  pay-
out  ratio  may  hamper 
our  ability  to  manage 
in  moments 
liquidity 
when  accessing  capital 
markets  becomes  more 
challenging. 

78 

Mitigation of Risk 

covenant compliance. 

-  Local  teams  and  the 
corporate  controlling 
department 
(under 
the  CFO  supervision) 
take ownership of this 
risk. 

-  The  objective  of  our 
financing and liquidity 
policy is to ensure that 
we maintain sufficient 
funds  to  meet  our 
financial  obligations 
as they fall due. 

-  Project 

finance 
borrowing  permits 
finance 
to 
us 
projects 
through 
project  debt  and 
thereby  insulate  the 
rest  of  our  assets 
credit 
such 
from 
exposure.  We  incur 
project  finance  debt 
on  a  project-by-
project  basis  or  by 
groups  of  projects. 
repayment 
The 
each 
profile 
of 
is 
project 
established 
based 
on 
the  projected 
cash flow generation 
of the business. This 
that 
ensures 
sufficient 
financing 
is  available  to  meet 
and 
deadlines 
which 
maturities, 
the 
mitigates 
In 
liquidity 
we 
addition, 
maintain  a  periodic 
communication with 
our 
and 
lenders 
regular  monitoring 
of  debt  covenants 
and minimum ratios. 
cash 
management 
to 
ensure  appropriate 
levels  of  cash:  as  of 
December  31,  2022, 

risk. 

-  Appropriate 

 
 
 
 
 
Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Risk / Impact 

timely  manner,  maturing 
liabilities,  and  may  limit  our 
access to new debt and equity 
capital 
further 
to  make 
acquisitions.  Volatility  in  debt 
markets  may  also  limit  our 
ability  to  fund  or  refinance 
many  of  our  projects  and 
corporate  level  debt,  even  in 
cases  where  such  capital  has 
already been committed. 

Mitigation of Risk 

had 

$445.9 
we 
liquidity  at 
million 
the  corporate  level, 
comprised  of  $60.8 
million  of  cash  on 
hand 
the 
at 
corporate  level  and 
$385.1 
million 
available  under  our 
Revolving 
Credit 
Facility. 
debt 
-  Managing 
and 
maturities 
our 
refinancing 
debt 
corporate 
when  the  markets 
are favourable. 

-  Management 
to 
continues 
regularly  monitor 
the 
Company’s 
ability to finance the 
its 
needs 
operating,  financing 
and 
investing 
activities  within  the 
of 
guidelines 
prudent 
balance 
sheet management. 

of 

-  A  portion  of  cash 
flows  generated  and 
distributed  by  our 
project  companies  to 
the  holding  company 
are  retained  at  the 
holding 
company 
level. 

-  Regular  discussions 
with rating agencies. 

-  Our 

of 
Board 
Directors may change 
our dividend policy at 
any  point  in  time  if 
required,  or  modify 
for 
the 
dividend 
quarters 
specific 
into 
taking 
consideration 
the 
prevailing conditions. 

-  The 

Finance 
Committee  and  the 
Board  of  Directors 
take  ownership  of 

79 

 
 
Risk / Impact 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Low 

Interest rate risk 

indebtedness 
Some  of  our 
(including 
project-level 
indebtedness) bears interest at 
variable  rates,  generally  linked 
to market benchmarks such as 
EURIBOR, SOFR and U.S. LIBOR. 
rates 
Increases 
would 
finance 
raise  our 
expenses at project companies 
or corporate level. 

interest 

in 

in 

in 

During  2022,  the  U.S. 
Federal 
Reserve 
increased  the  reference 
the 
rates 
interest 
United 
from 
States 
0.125%  to  a  targeted 
range  between  4.25% 
and 
4.50% 
and 
announced  additional 
increases 
2023. 
Similarly,  in  2022  the 
European  Central  Bank 
increased  the  reference 
interest rates in the Euro 
zone 
from  negative 
levels up to 2% and also 
expects 
additional 
increases.  Any  increase 
in  interest  rates  would 
finance 
increase  our 
expenses relating to our 
un-hedged variable rate 
indebtedness 
and 
increase  the  costs  of 
refinancing  our  existing 
indebtedness 
and 
issuing new debt.  

Mitigation of Risk 

managing this risk. 

As  of  December  31, 
2022, 
approximately 
92% of our project debt 
and  approximately  96% 
of  our  corporate  debt 
either  has  fixed  interest 
rates  or  has  been 
hedged  with  swaps  or 
caps. 
To  mitigate 
interest  rate  risk,  we 
primarily  use  long-term 
interest  rate  swaps  and 
interest 
rate  options 
which, in exchange for a 
fee,  offer  protection 
against a rise in interest 
rates.  

The  Finance  Committee 
and  local  management 
teams take ownership of 
managing this risk. 

Low 

During  the  year  2022, 
the euro and the South 
African 
rand 
depreciated  against  the 
U.S. dollar 

Foreign  currency  exchange 
rate 

pesos 

Revenue  and  expenses  of  our 
solar  assets  in  Europe,  South 
Africa,  Colombia  and  Uruguay 
in  euros, 
are  denominated 
Rands, 
African 
South 
and 
Colombian 
Uruguayan  pesos 
(with  a 
maximum  and  minimum  price 
in  U.S.  dollars  in  the  case  of 
pesos), 
Uruguayan 
respectively.  Depreciation 
in 
the  value  of  these  currencies 
against  the  U.S.  dollar  may 
have a negative impact on our 
operating results and our cash 
available for distribution. 

80 

financing 

The  main  cash  flows  in 
our 
subsidiaries  are 
cash  collections  arising 
long-term 
from 
contracts  with  clients 
and  debt  payments 
from  project 
arising 
repayment. 
finance 
Project 
is 
typically  denominated 
in the same currency as 
that  of  the  contracted 
agreement, 
revenue 
our 
which 
foreign 
exposure 
exchange 
In 
addition,  we  maintain 
part  of  our  corporate 
and 
general 
administrative 
expenses  and  part  of 

limits 
to 

risk. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

our  corporate  debt  in 
euros  which  creates  a 
natural  hedge  for  the 
distributions we receive 
from  our  assets 
in 
Europe. 

we 

hedge 

To  further  mitigate  this 
exposure, our strategy is 
cash 
to 
distributions  from  our 
Europe. 
assets 
in 
Through 
currency 
have 
options, 
hedged 100% of our net 
euro-denominated  net 
exposure for the next 12 
months and 75% of our 
euro-denominated  net 
exposure 
the 
following  12  months. 
We  expect  to  continue 
with 
hedging 
strategy  on  a  rolling 
basis.  

this 

for 

Medium 

Risks Related to Our Growth 
Strategy 

We may not be successful in 
finding 
investment 
opportunities  or  we  may 
invest  in  projects  and  assets 
with a higher risk profile. 

Our  growth  strategy  depends 
on  our  ability  to  successfully 
evaluate 
and 
identify 
investment 
opportunities, 
develop  and  build  new  assets 
and  consummate  acquisitions 
terms.  The 
on 
number 
investment 
opportunities  may  be  limited. 
We  are  competing  with  other 
international 
local 
developers 
the 
for 
development and construction 

favourable 
of 

and 

The  Finance  Committee 
and  local  management 
teams take ownership of 
managing this risk. 

We have a proven track 
closing 
record 
of 
and 
acquisitions 
in 
investments 
development 
and 
construction,  and  we 
have diversified sources 
of growth: 

We  believe  we  can 
achieve  organic  growth 
the 
through 
the 
optimisation  of 
portfolio, 
existing 
factors  at 
escalation 
many  of  our  assets,  as 
well  as  the  repowering 
and  hybridisation  with 
other  technologies  at 
some  of  the  renewable 
energy facilities and the 

of 

In  2022,  following  the 
trend  of  recent  years, 
competition  to  develop 
and  acquire  renewable 
increased. 
assets  has 
Some 
our 
for 
competitors 
investments  pay  more 
for 
investments  and 
acquisitions and may be 
identify  and 
to 
able 
purchase 
greater 
a 
number  of  assets  than 
our resources permit. 

In  addition,  in  2022  we 
increased  our 
have 
investments 
in  assets 
under development and 
construction,  in  assets 
revenue 
with 

81 

 
 
 
 
Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

in 

denominated 
local 
currency and assets with 
exposure  to  electricity 
prices. 

Mitigation of Risk 

expansion 
existing 
lines. 

of 

our 
transmission 

We  are  investing  more 
in the development and 
construction  of  new 
assets, which we expect 
will  provide  us  with  a 
more  secure  source  of 
growth.  We 
have 
entered into and intend 
into 
to 
enter 
or 
agreements 
partnerships 
with 
developers. 

Additionally,  we  expect 
to  acquire  assets  from 
third  parties  leveraging 
the  local  presence  and 
in 
network  we  have 
geographies 
and 
sectors 
in  which  we 
operate.  

where 

We intend to maintain a 
portfolio 
a 
majority  of  the  assets 
and 
stable 
have 
predictable  cash  flows. 
Every  time  we  make  an 
investment decision, we 
the 
always 
consider 
impact 
the  potential 
investment will have on 
the  overall  portfolio,  in 
order to preserve its low 
risk profile.  

Investment 
The 
the 
and 
Committee 
Board  of  Directors  take 
ownership  of managing 
this risk. 

Risk / Impact 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

from 

local  and 
for 

of  new  assets,  which  may 
hamper our ability to grow. Our 
ability  to  develop  and  build 
new  assets  depends,  among 
other  things,  on  our  ability  to 
transmission 
secure 
interconnection 
or 
access 
agreements,  to  secure 
land 
rights to secure PPAs or similar 
schemes and to obtain licences 
and  permits  and  we  cannot 
guarantee  that  we  will  be 
successful  obtaining 
them. 
Similarly,  we  are  competing 
international 
with 
acquisition 
companies 
opportunities 
third 
parties, which may increase our 
cost of making investments  or 
cause us to refrain from making 
acquisitions  from third parties. 
Our  ability  to  consummate 
future 
and 
investments 
acquisitions  may  also  depend 
on  our  ability  to  obtain  any 
required 
or 
regulatory approvals. If we are 
unable 
and 
complete  future  investments 
and acquisitions, it will impede 
our  ability  to  execute  our 
growth  strategy  and  limit  our 
ability  to  increase  the  amount 
of  dividends  paid 
to  our 
shareholders. 

government 

identify 

to 

intend  to 

In  addition,  in  order  to  grow 
our  business,  we  may  develop 
and build or acquire assets and 
businesses  which  may  have  a 
higher  risk  profile  than  certain 
of the assets we currently own. 
We 
increase  our 
investments in assets which are 
not currently in operation, and 
which 
to 
development and construction 
In  addition,  we  may 
risk. 
in 
investing  more 
consider 
assets which are not contracted 
or  not  fully  contracted,  for 

subject 

are 

82 

 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

which revenues will depend on 
the  price  of  the  electricity.  We 
may  also  consider  investing  in 
businesses which are regulated 
or  which  are  contracted  with 
“as contracted” agreements  or 
hedge  agreements  where  we 
need to deliver the contracted 
power even if the facility is not 
in  operation  or  which  are 
subject  to  demand  risk.  We 
have recently invested and may 
consider  investing  in  business 
sectors  where  we  do  not  have 
previous  experience  and  may 
not  be  able  to  achieve  the 
expected returns. We may also 
in  new 
investing 
consider 
technologies where we do not 
have  for  the  moment  a  long 
historical 
record  as 
proven  as  our  current  assets, 
such 
storage,  district 
heating,  geothermal,  offshore 
wind, distributed generation or 
hydrogen.  Furthermore,  we 
may  consider 
in 
assets  with 
revenues  not 
denominated in U.S. dollars or 
euros,  which  would  increase 
our exposure to local currency, 
and  which  could  generate 
higher  volatility  in  the  cash 
flows we generate. In all these 
types of assets and businesses, 
the  risk  of  not  meeting  the 
expected cash flow generation 
and expected returns is higher 
than in contracted assets.  

investing 

track 

as 

Low 

investments  may  not 
Our 
perform  as  expected  and 
development 
and 
construction  activities  are 
subject to specific risks 

Our investments are subject to 
including 
risks, 
substantial 
unknown 
contingent 
or 
liabilities, the failure to identify 
material  problems  during  due 
diligence,  the  risk  of  over-

In  2022  we  increased 
in 
our 
investments 
and 
development 
construction 
with 
partners or on our own. 
We  had  three  assets 
construction 
under 
year. 
during 
the 
these 
Although 
still 
investments 
small 
represent 

a 

-  We 

take 

multidisciplinary 
approach 
identifying 
different areas. 

risks 

a 

to 
in 

-  We  have  sufficient 
internal  expertise  in 
development 
and 
construction  activities 
and  we  generally 
invest with partners.  

83 

 
 
 
 
 
Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 
portion of our portfolio, 
we expect this source of 
growth to increase over 
time. 

Mitigation of Risk 

-  Detailed 

due 
for 
diligences  both 
acquisitions 
and 
project  development, 
carried  out  either  in-
house  or  contracted 
with specialists.  

-  Senior  management, 
including  Geographic 
VPs,  and  local  teams 
take  ownership  of 
managing this risk. 

Risk / Impact 

paying for assets and the ability 
to retain customers. 

In addition, we have increased 
our  activities  of  development 
and  construction  and  we  are 
increasing  our  investments  in 
these  projects,  in  some  cases 
with  partners  and 
in  some 
cases on our own.  

secure 

Development and construction 
activities  are  subject  to  failure 
rate and different types of risks. 
Our  ability  to  develop  new 
assets  is  dependent  on  our 
ability  to  secure  or  renew  our 
rights  to  an  attractive  site  on 
reasonable  terms;  accurately 
measuring resource availability; 
the  ability  to  secure  new  or 
renewed  approvals, 
licences 
and permits; the acceptance of 
local  communities;  the  ability 
transmission 
to 
or 
access 
interconnection 
agreements; 
to 
the  ability 
acquire 
labour, 
suitable 
equipment  and  construction 
services  on  acceptable  terms; 
the  ability  to  attract  project 
financing;  and  the  ability  to 
secure  PPAs  or  other  sales 
contracts on reasonable terms. 
Failure  to  achieve  any  one  of 
these  elements  may  prevent 
the 
and 
development 
construction of a project. If any 
of the foregoing were to occur, 
lose  all  of  our 
we  may 
investment 
in  development 
expenditures  and  may  be 
required  to  write-off  project 
development assets.  

is 

subject 

In  addition,  the  construction 
and  development  of  new 
projects 
to 
environmental, 
engineering 
and  construction  risks  that 
could  result  in  cost-overruns, 
reduced 
and 
delays 

84 

 
 
 
 
Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

Risk / Impact 

performance.  A  delay  in  the 
projected  completion  of  a 
project can result in a material 
total  project 
increase 
in 
through 
costs 
construction 
interest 
capitalised 
higher 
charges, additional labour and 
other expenses, and a delay in 
the  commencement  of  cash 
flow.  

International 
including 
markets. 

in 

operations 
emerging 

Medium 

of 

investing 

We  operate  our  activities  in  a 
range 
international 
including  North 
locations, 
America  (Canada,  the  United 
States  and  Mexico),  South 
America  (Peru,  Chile,  Uruguay 
and  Colombia),  and  EMEA 
(Spain, Italy, Algeria and South 
Africa), and we may expand our 
operations 
to  certain  core 
countries within these regions. 
Accordingly,  we  face  several 
risks associated with operating 
and 
in  different 
countries  that  may  have  a 
material  adverse  effect  on  our 
business,  financial  condition, 
results  of  operations  and  cash 
flows.  These  risks  include,  but 
are not limited to, adapting to 
the regulatory requirements of 
such  countries,  compliance 
laws  and 
with  changes 
to 
regulations 
foreign 
the 
uncertainty 
judicial 
processes,  and  the  absence, 
loss 
of 
favourable  treaties,  or  similar 
local 
agreements, 
authorities,  or  political,  social 
and economic instability, all of 
which 
place 
can 
disproportionate  demands  on 
our  management,  as  well  as 
significant  demands  on  our 

applicable 
corporations, 
of 

non-renewal 

with 

or 

in 

No significant change. 

In Peru, after an attempt 
by the former President 
to  dissolve  congress 
and  replace  it  with  an 
“exceptional emergency 
government”, 
the 
President  was  replaced. 
uncertainty 
Political 
the 
may  persist 
upcoming months.  

in 

that 

We  intend  to  grow  our 
portfolio  mainly 
in 
we 
countries 
consider stable in North 
America, South America 
and  Europe.  We  expect 
in 
investments 
that 
countries  with  a  higher 
risk  profile  such  as 
Algeria and South Africa 
always represent a small 
portion of our portfolio.  

South 

We  have  a  political  risk 
insurance  agreement  in 
place 
the 
with 
Multinational 
Investment  Guarantee 
Agency  for  Kaxu.  The 
insurance 
provides 
protection for breach of 
contract  up  to  $58.0 
million in the event that 
the 
African 
Department  of  Energy 
does not comply with its 
as 
obligations 
guarantor. We have also 
a political risk insurance 
for  two  of  our  assets  in 
to  $37.2 
Algeria  up 
2 
million, 
years 
dividend 
coverage. This insurance 
policy  does  not  cover 
credit risk. 

including 

Our  local  presence  in 
each region provides us 
with  good  knowledge 
and expertise to operate 

85 

 
 
 
 
 
Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Risk / Impact 

and 

operational 
financial 
personnel.  As  a  result,  we  can 
provide  no  assurance  that  our 
future international operations 
and  investments  will  remain 
profitable.  

Mitigation of Risk 

in these regions. 

The  geographic  VPs 
together  with  the  local 
teams and support from 
the 
compliance 
take 
department 
ownership  of managing 
this risk. 

Risks  Related  to  Regulation: 
legal,  environmental  and 
general  compliance  of  each 
asset 

Low 

laws 

Such 

require 

We  are  subject  to  extensive 
regulation  of  our  business  in 
in  which  we 
the  countries 
and 
operate. 
regulations 
licences, 
permits and other approvals to 
be obtained in connection with 
the operations of our activities. 
This 
framework 
imposes significant actual, day-
to-day  compliance  burdens, 
In 
costs  and  risks  on  us. 
addition,  we  need  to  adapt  to 
the regulatory requirements of 
the  different  countries  where 
we operate. 

regulatory 

Uncertainty  or  changes  to  any 
such  regulation  in  any  of  the 
countries  where  we  operate 
could  adversely  affect 
the 
return of our current plants and 
our  results  of  operations  and 
cash flows. 

subject 

to 
We  are  also 
significant 
environmental 
regulation, which, among other 
things,  requires  us  to  obtain 
and  maintain 
regulatory 
licences,  permits  and  other 
approvals and comply with the 
requirements  of  such  licences, 
permits  and  other  approvals 
and  perform  environmental 
impact  studies  on  changes  to 
projects. In addition, our assets 
need  to  comply  with  strict 
environmental  regulation  on 

assets 

in 
the 

During  2022,  electricity 
have 
market  prices 
Spain, 
increased 
following 
trend 
initiated  in  the  second 
half  of  2021.  This 
is 
resulting  in  higher  cash 
collections.  Since  our 
renewable 
in 
Spain  have  the  right  to 
receive  a  “reasonable 
rate  of  return”,  higher 
electricity  prices  have 
caused  a  reduction  of 
the 
regulated 
remuneration 
component in 2022 and 
further 
will  cause  a 
the 
reduction 
component 
regulated 
starting  from  2023  (we 
refer  to  “Regulation  in 
Spain”  under  “Events 
period” 
the 
during 
section). 

of 

Volatility 
in  electricity 
market prices can cause 
volatility in our results of 
operations. 

86 

in 

to-day 

individual 
- An 
responsible 
local 
for 
compliance  has  been 
appointed 
each 
geography  where  we 
are  present  to  solve 
issues. 
day 
These 
employees 
report  to  the  General 
Counsel. We have local 
in  each 
legal  teams 
that  are 
geography 
assisted  by 
usually 
local  external  lawyers. 
Our  local  internal  and 
external  lawyers  are  in 
close  contact  with  the 
and 
regulation 
regulation 
potential 
each 
changes 
in 
geography. 
These, 
together with the asset 
managers,  proactively 
track  and  monitor  any 
potential 
regulatory 
change. 

- We  have  a  Quality, 
and 
Environmental, 
Health 
Safety 
and 
Management  System 
in-place certified under 
ISO  9001,  14001  and 
45001 standards, which 
are audited annually by 
an external third party. 

- The 
corporate 
operations department 
annual 
performs 
internal  audits  on  our 
ensure 
assets 
to 
compliance 
with 
regulation and our best 
and 
practices 
to 
continuous 
promote 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Risk / Impact 

air emissions, water usage and 
contaminating  spills,  among 
others.  As  a  company  with  a 
focus  on ESG and most of the 
business  in  renewable  energy, 
incidents  can 
environmental 
also  significantly  harm  our 
reputation. 

In 

In  addition,  in  several  of  the 
in  which  we 
jurisdictions 
operate  including  Spain  and 
Chile,  we  are  exposed 
to 
remuneration  schemes  which 
contain 
regulated 
both 
incentives  and  market  price 
such 
components. 
regulated 
jurisdictions, 
incentive  or  the  contracted 
component 
not 
compensate for fluctuations in 
the  market  price  component, 
and, 
total 
consequently, 
remuneration  may  be  volatile. 
Our  assets  in  Spain  receive  a 
remuneration  based  on  a 
“reasonable rate of return”. 

may 

the 

Low 

Risks Related to Taxation: 
changes to tax regulations 
could adversely affect the 
return of our current assets. 
We are subject to changes in 
tax regulation in all the 
jurisdictions where we have 
assets. Our future tax 
liability may be greater than 
expected if we do not use 
sufficient NOLs to offset our 
taxable income. 

We have NOLs that we can use 
to offset future taxable income. 
Based on our current portfolio 
of  assets,  which 
includes 
renewable  assets  that  benefit 
from 
tax 
depreciation 
schedule,  and 
subject to potential tax audits, 
which  may  result  in  income, 
sales,  use  or  other 
tax 
obligations,  we  do  not  expect 

accelerated 

an 

in 

in 

Changes 
tax 
regulations  have  been 
announced 
some 
countries  where  we 
operate.  We  do  not 
any  material 
expect 
impact 
these 
from 
changes.  

Solution”, 

agreed 
the 

In  November  2021,  137 
to 
countries 
“Two 
implement 
an 
Pillars 
Inclusive 
OECD/  G20 
initiative, 
Framework 
which  aims  to  reform 
the 
international 
taxation  policies  and 
ensure 
that 
multinational 
companies  pay 
taxes 
wherever  they  operate 
and  generate  profits. 
this 
“Pillar  Two”  of 
initiative 
generally 
provides for an effective 

87 

Mitigation of Risk 

improvement.  

Geographic  VPS  and 
local 
take 
teams 
ownership  of managing 
the 
this 
risk,  with 
the 
support 
Compliance 
Management 
Committee. 

of 

-  Management 

and 
specialised teams with 
experience 
broad 
monitor 
these 
developments. 

-  Engagement 

with 
local  authorities  on 
tax matters. 

-  Support  of  reputable 
tax 
with 
in 

external 
consultants 
proven  expertise 
each jurisdiction. 

-  The  Corporate  Tax 
Department 
(under 
the  CFO  supervision) 
and  local  teams  take 
ownership 
of 
managing this risk. 

 
 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

to  pay  significant  taxes  in  the 
upcoming years in most of our 
assets. 

Although  we  expect 
these 
NOLs  will  be  available  as  a 
future benefit, in the event that 
they  are  not  generated  as 
expected,  or  are  successfully 
challenged  by  the  local  tax 
authorities,  or  are  subject  to 
future limitations, our ability to 
realise  these  benefits  may  be 
limited.  

could 
to 

Some  countries  where  we 
implement 
operate 
changes 
regulations 
regarding tax loss, the content 
of  which  are  largely  uncertain 
at this time.  

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 

Mitigation of Risk 

on 

from 
of 

global 
minimum 
corporate  tax  rate  of 
profits 
15% 
on 
generated 
by 
multinational 
companies 
with 
revenues 
consolidated 
of  at  least  €750  million, 
calculated on a country-
by  country  basis.  This 
minimum  tax  would  be 
applied on profits in any 
jurisdiction 
wherever 
the  effective  tax  rate, 
a 
determined 
is 
jurisdictional  basis, 
Any 
below 
15%. 
liability 
additional  tax 
the 
resulting 
application 
this 
minimum  tax  will  be 
payable  by  the  parent 
the 
entity 
multinational  group  to 
the tax authority in such 
parent’s 
of 
residence.  The  OECD 
and its members are still 
working 
the 
coordinated 
implementation  of  the 
is 
minimum 
expected  to  be  in  force 
in the UK and the EU for 
fiscal years commencing 
on January 1, 2024. The 
global  minimum 
tax 
may  have  a  negative 
impact  on  our  financial 
results  of 
condition, 
operations  and  cash 
flows. 

country 

tax, 

on 

of 

it 

In  addition,  our  NOL 
and 
carryforwards 
certain recognised built-
in losses may be limited 
by  Section  382  of  the 
IRC  if  we  experience  an 
“ownership  change.”  In 
general,  an  “ownership 
change”  occurs  if  5% 
shareholders  of  our 
stock 
their 
increase 
collective  ownership  of 

88 

 
 
 
Risk / Impact 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

Mitigation of Risk 

the 

the 

382. 

than 

Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 
the  aggregate  amount 
outstanding 
of 
shares  of  our  company 
50 
by  more 
percentage 
points, 
generally  over  a  three-
year  testing  period.  In 
2019, 
Internal 
Revenue  Service  issued 
proposed 
regulations 
the 
concerning 
calculation  of  built-in 
gains  and  losses  under 
After 
Section 
public 
receiving 
comments,  in  May  of 
2022 the IRS announced 
that  they  will  issue  new 
regulations 
proposed 
on  calculating  built  in 
gains 
losses 
and 
following  an  ownership 
change. If the proposed 
regulations  are  enacted 
and  depending  on  its 
final outcome, they may 
limit  our 
significantly 
annual  use  of  pre-
ownership  change  U.S. 
NOLs in the event a new 
ownership 
change 
occurs after the new rule 
is in place 

The  government  of 
South  Africa  approved 
new  limitations  for  tax 
years ending on or after 
March 31, 2023. The net 
interest 
expense 
deductibility  will  be 
limited  to  30%  of  the 
EBITDA  and  the  NOLs 
carried 
forward  may 
only  be  applied  against 
80%  of  taxable  income 
of the corporate income 
tax. These new limitation 
may  have  a  negative 
impact in our cash flows. 

The  number  of  cyber-
attacks  to  companies 
has  been  increasing  in 
the last few years. Many 

89 

-  We 

have 

implemented 
prevention, 
monitoring 
threat-detection 

and 

Cybersecurity risk 

We  are  dependent  upon 
information 
technology 
systems to run our operations. 

Low 

 
 
 
 
Assessment of Change 
in Risk 
Year-on-Year 
of  these  attacks  have 
critical 
on 
focused 
infrastructure.  

in 

There 
been 
have 
cyberattacks  within  the 
industry  on 
energy 
electricity  infrastructure 
such as substations and 
related  assets 
in  the 
past  and  there  may  be 
such  attacks 
the 
future.  Our  generation 
transmission 
assets, 
storage 
facilities, 
facilities, 
information 
technology systems and 
infrastructure 
other 
facilities  and  systems 
could  be  direct  targets 
of,  or  otherwise  be 
adversely 
materially 
affected 
such 
activities. 

by 

Risk / Impact 

Risk 
Appeti
te 

Risk 
Trend 

are 

subject 

information 

technology 
Our 
to 
systems 
disruption,  damage  or  failure 
from  a  variety  of  sources, 
limitation, 
including,  without 
security 
viruses, 
computer 
breaches, 
cyber-attacks, 
ransomware  attacks,  malicious 
or  destructive  code,  phishing 
disasters, 
natural 
attacks, 
design 
denial-of-
defects, 
service  attacks  or  information 
or 
fraud  or  other  security 
breaches. 

in 

Given  the  unpredictability  of 
the timing, nature and scope of 
technology 
information 
disruptions,  we 
could  be 
subject  to  production  stops, 
unavailability 
our 
transmission  lines,  operational 
delays,  the  compromising  of 
otherwise 
confidential 
or 
protected 
information, 
destruction  or  corruption  of 
data,  security  breaches,  other 
manipulation  or  improper  use 
of our systems and networks or 
financial  losses  from  remedial 
actions,  any  of  which  could 
have  a  material  adverse  effect 
on  our 
financial  condition, 
results  of  operations  or  cash 
flows. 

Mitigation of Risk 

measures 
international 
standards 
ISO 27000. 

following 

including 

-  Internal  and  external 
audits  to  ensure  that 
our 
cybersecurity 
controls  are  effective, 
simulated 
including 
targeted 
and 
cyberattacks  to  our 
servers 
and 
employees accounts.  

-  Employees training to 
detect,  monitor  and 
prevent threats. 

-  Our 

information 
systems  that  support 
business 
processes 
are certified under the 
ISO  27001  standard 
audited 
and 
annually 
an 
external third party. 

are 

by 

-  The Corporate IT team 
(under 
the  CFO’s 
supervision)  and  local 
teams take ownership 
of managing this risk. 

Financial Risk Management 
We refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail on Financial 
Risk Management. 

ESG Materiality Analysis 

Stakeholder Inclusiveness 

Our  stakeholders  have  a  broad  range  of  interests  and  viewpoints.  We  believe  that 
collaboration with them is key to our success. As such, we listen and do our best to gain 
stakeholders’ trust, thus leading to a more stable and long-term relationships. Across the 
Company, we engage with our stakeholders to obtain input that can be helpful as we 
execute on our strategy. 

90 

 
 
 
 
We believe that systematic stakeholder engagement, executed properly, is likely to result 
in ongoing learning within the Company, as well as increased accountability to a wide 
range of stakeholders. 

Atlantica has a Stakeholder Policy in-place to emphasise the importance of collaboration 
with  our  shareholders,  employees,  suppliers,  customers,  business  partners,  local 
communities,  and  debt  investors  to  generate  a  stable  and  predictable  business 
environment.  

We have made a two-way engagement channel available for our stakeholders to build 
trusting long-term relationships: 

Shareholders  Employees  Suppliers  Customers 

Business 
Partners 

Local 
Communities 

Debt 
Investors 

Key Stakeholders 

Face-to-face 
meetings, video, or 
phone calls1 

Annual Reports2 

Social Media1 

Materiality 
Assessment Survey2 

Press Releases1 

Website Content1 

Whistleblower 
Channel3 
Annual General 
Meeting (AGM)2 
Earnings 
Presentations4 

Roadshows4 

Intranet1 

Employee Climate 
Survey5 

Training1 

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(1) Regular or on an as-needed basis; (2) On an annual basis; (3) Always available; (4) On a quarterly basis; (5) At least every three years. 

ESG Materiality Assessment 

We consider a topic to be material from an ESG perspective if it represents one of the 
Company’s  most  significant  impacts  on  (i)  the  economy,  environment,  and  people, 
including impacts on human rights, and (ii) our business. Our materiality assessment is 
based  on  international  sustainability  standards  GRI  and  SASB,  and  ESG  rating  entity 
assessments. 

We  have  performed  a  double  materiality  assessment.  We  have  identified  the  most 
important impacts on society (i.e., impacts on the economy, the environment and people) 
and  the  most  important  impacts  on  the  Company.  This  analysis  is  one  of  the  most 
important tools Atlantica uses to set its priorities. It enables us to identify potential risks 
and  opportunities,  focus  on  key  ESG  priorities  that  may  materially  impact  our 
stakeholders  and  our  businesses,  on  how  we  can  best  mitigate  these  impacts,  and  to 
respond adequately in a dynamic and rapidly changing sustainability landscape. 

In 2021, we gained input from 50 internal and external stakeholders. In 2022, we internally 
updated  our  materiality  analysis  to  better  take  into  account  our  impacts  on  (i)  the 

91 

 
 
 
 
economy, the environment and the people and (ii) our businesses. To do so, we used the 
information received from our stakeholders in 2021 as well as insights obtained during 
2022 through the two-way engagement channel previously mentioned. Considering that 
our strategy and business model have not changed since 2021 and that we engage with 
our stakeholders on a continuous basis, we believe to have an up-to-date understanding 
of themes material to our stakeholders. In addition, to assess impact on our business, we 
have  considered  the  reputational,  operational,  regulatory  and  financial  risks  and 
opportunities that a topic could pose.  

The materiality process was divided into five main steps, as shown in the table below: 

Step 1. 
Map material topics 

Step 2. 
Prioritise topics based on their 
impact on our society  

Step 3. 
Prioritise topics based on their 
impact on our business 

Update the list of material topics 

Identify material impacts on our society (i.e., economic, environment and people)  

Identify material impacts on our business 

Step 4. 
Set a response and an 
implementation plan 

Agree priorities with senior management, anchor the prioritised topics in our 
internal governance structure and implement ESG programmes and initiatives into 
our day-to-day business activities 

Step 5. 
Disclose ESG-related information 

Publish annual ESG key performance indicators. Disclosure should serve towards the 
continued dialogue on ESG material topics 

As part of our 2022 materiality assessment, we have identified four key topics. These are: 

Climate Change 

Occupational 
Health and Safety 

Human Rights, Ethics 
and Integrity 

Environmental 
Impacts 

Impact on 
Society  

Potential negative 
impact: Incidents 
could harm (i) our 
employees, (ii) those 
of our contractors 
working at our 
assets and (iii) 
close-by local 
communities. 

Positive impact: 75% of 
our 2022 revenues are 
from renewable energy 
production. With our 
renewable energy 
production, in 2022 we 
avoided the emission of 
6.9 million tonnes of 
CO2e, helping to 
mitigate climate change. 

Negative impact: 
However, we also 
generate GHG emissions 
in our business, mostly 
at ACT, our efficient 
natural gas plant in 
Mexico. 

Our business impacts 
the lives of people 
across our own 
operations, our supply 
chains, and 
communities. 

Positive impact: We 
foster communities’ 
economic prosperity 
through local 
purchasing, the hiring of 
local employees, etc. 

Potential negative 
impact: However, we 
need to make sure that 
we always respect 
human rights in 
everything we do and 
that no one is adversely 
impacted, specifically in 
regions or industries 
where regulations are 
weaker. 

Impact on 
Business 

-  Positive and negative 

impacts: Our assets and 

Potential negative 
impacts: Health and 

Potential negative 
impact: If we do not 

92 

Our assets occupy 
large areas of land, 
generate hazardous 
and non-hazardous 
waste, and some of 
our power generation 
assets use water in 
power generation 
processes.  

Potential negative 
impact: If we do not 
properly manage our 
waste, it could 
damage the 
environment and 
biodiversity in or 
close to our assets. 
Hazardous waste 
could also harm our 
employees and those 
of our contractors 
working at our assets.  

Positive impact: we 
have reforestation 
programmes and 
targeted biodiversity 
programmes. 

Potential negative 
impacts: Incidents or 

 
 
 
 
 
operations are exposed 
to climate-related risks 
and opportunities, 
including physical and 
transition risks, as well 
as opportunities 
(detailed information 
provided in the TCFD 
section). 

safety incidents at 
our premises could 
generate potential 
financial losses, civil 
and criminal 
liabilities, damaging 
our reputation. 

ensure that human 
rights are respected 
across our operations, 
supply chains, and 
communities, we risk 
severe regulatory and 
reputational damage to 
our business. 

accidents causing 
spills, an 
inappropriate use of 
water or non-
compliance with 
environmental 
regulation, including 
water management, 
could generate 
potential financial 
losses, civil and 
criminal liabilities, 
damaging our 
reputation. 
✓  Environment and 

biodiversity policy, 
processes and 
procedures 
✓  ISO 14001 
compliant 

✓  Regular monitoring 
of environmental 
KPIs 

✓  Human rights policies, 

processes and 
procedures  

✓  Human rights matters 
reviewed as part of 
the internal 
compliance annual 
due diligence 
activities 

✓  Compliance with 

✓  Analysis of 

initiatives to reduce 
leaks and water 
consumption  

✓ Regular internal and 

external audits  

✓  New internal target 
to reduce water 
consumption at our 
power generation 
assets  

FCPA and UK Bribery 
Act 

✓  Internal and external 
verification on our 
policies with local 
rules and regulations 
✓  Internal and external 

due diligence 
processes for new 
suppliers 

✓  Communication 

channels in-place to 
report any 
misconduct or 
instances of non-
compliance 

Strategic Report: 
-  Human Rights 
-  Section 172 
Governance Section: 
-  Business ethics 
-  Sustainability 
Governance 

Strategic Report: 
-  Environmental 
Sustainability 

-  Asset Management 
Governance Section 
-  Sustainability 
Governance  

Our Response 

Reference 

✓  We intend to continue 
investing in renewable 
energy assets 
✓  Approved SBTi 

intensity target to 
reduce Scopes 1 and 
2 per unit of energy 
generated 

✓  New internal targets 

to: 
(i)  reduce Scope 3 
emissions and  
(ii)  achieve Net Zero 
GHG emissions 

✓  Process to offset GHG 

emissions 

✓  Monitor weather 
conditions in-real 
time 

✓  Insurance policy 
✓  Transition and 
physical risks 
evaluated through 
scenario analysis 

Strategic Report: 
-  Our Sustainable 

Business Model and 
Strategy 

-  TCFD (Environmental 

Sustainability) 
Governance Section: 
-  Sustainability 
Governance 

UNGC 

✓  Health and safety 
policy, processes 
and procedures 

✓  ISO 45001 
compliant 

✓  Comprehensive 

safety 
programmes  
✓  Regular internal 
and external 
audits  

✓  Reinforced safety 

procedures 
during the 
construction 
phase 

✓  Provided safety 
training to our 
employees and 
those of our 
contractors  

✓  Short term 
variable 
compensation of 
CEO and 
Geographic VPs 
include safety 
targets 

Strategic Report: 
-  Occupational 

Health and Safety 

-  Asset 

Management 
Governance Section: 
-  Sustainability 
Governance 

93 

 
 
 
 
We  have  identified  10  material  topics  based  on  the  impact  on  our  society  and  our 
business: 

Note: Atlantica’s Management considers all topics disclosed in the Materiality Matrix when planning and executing 
business activities, independently to their impact as shown in the Matrix. 

Material Topics 

Reference 

Occupational Health and 
Safety 

- Occupational Health and Safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
- Key Performance Indicators (Strategic Report) 
- Section 172 Statement (Strategic Report) 
- Our  Sustainable  Business  Model  and  Strategy;  Key  Performance 

Climate Change 

Indicators;  
Environmental Sustainability and TCFD (Strategic Report) 

Human Rights, Ethics and 
Integrity 

Environmental Impact (waste, 
water and biodiversity) 

Asset Management 

Data Security  

Human Capital 

Diversity and Equal 
Opportunities 

Supply Chain Management 

Community Development 

- Human  Rights  and  Anti-Slavery  and  Human  Trafficking  Statement 

(Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

- Business Ethics (Governance Section) 
- Section 172 Statement (Strategic Report) 
- Environmental  Sustainability  (waste,  water  and  biodiversity  sections); 
Key Performance Indicators (Strategic Report); Section 172 Statement 
(Strategic Report) 

- Asset Management (Strategic Report) 
- Cybersecurity  and  Data  Privacy;  Section  172  Statement  (Strategic 

Report) 

- People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
- Section 172 Statement (Strategic Report) 
- People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
- Key Performance Indicators (Strategic Report) 
- Business Ethics (Governance Section) 
- Supply Chain Management (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
- Section 172 Statement (Strategic Report) 
- Local Communities (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
- Key Performance Indicators (Strategic Report) 
- Section 172 Statement (Strategic Report) 

Note 1: Corporate Governance and ESG-related documents and policies are available on our website. 
Note 2: Material topics are addressed in the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Content index and Sustainability 
Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Index (“Other Information” Section). 

Atlantica’s  management  determined  while  reviewing  2022’s  materiality  assessment 
process,  and  after  analysing  international  best  practices,  ESG  rating  assessments,  and 
peer  frameworks,  that  in  addition  to  these  topics,  it  was  important  to  address  the 
Company’s approach to innovation and tax management. 

94 

 
 
 
 
Next  year,  we  will  look  into  how  we  can  further  strengthen  our  double  materiality 
assessment. 

ESG Data Review 

Atlantica’s management is responsible for the completeness, accuracy and validity of the 
information contained in this report. The data presented is based on the input received 
from internal data collection, management systems and external stakeholders. Certain 
parts of this report have been subject to external and/or internal assurance. We conduct 
regular internal audits to review our management system, including the procedures to 
collect information from our assets and the main data reported. 

In 2022, independent third parties have been engaged to verify our reported Scope 1, 2 
and 3 GHG emissions under a reasonable level of assurance; 

-  In Mexico, our Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse emissions were reviewed by ANCE, a leading 
certification association across industries in Mexico and our Scope 3 emissions were 
reviewed by DNV, an independent expert in assurance and risk management.  

-  In Spain, our Scope 1 stationary greenhouse emissions were reviewed by AENOR, a 
not-for-profit entity that fosters standardisation and certification across industrial and 
service sectors. 

-  Our Scope 3 emissions and Scope 1 and 2 emissions for the rest of the assets were 

reviewed by DNV. 

In 2022, DNV has been engaged to verify Atlantica’s air quality (i.e., non-GHG emissions), 
waste, water and health and safety indicators and their compliance with GRI Reporting 
under a limited level of assurance.  

In  addition,  in  2022  Atlantica’s  Internal  Audit  team  reviewed  the  completeness  and 
accuracy  of  certain  environmental,  social  and  governance  performance  indicators, 
including  GHG  emissions,  water  and  waste  management,  health  and  safety,  energy 
consumption, supply chain, people and culture and investment in local communities. 

Furthermore, Atlantica’s Accounting and Disclosure Committee reviewed this Integrated 
Annual Report prior to its publication. 

Atlantica’s Board of Directors approved this report prior to its publication.  

95 

 
 
 
 
 
Environmental Sustainability 

At Atlantica, our strategy focuses on climate change solutions in the power and water 
sectors. We intend to be part of the solution to climate change. Our long-term strategy 
reflects  this.  We  are  committed  to  investing  mostly  in  renewable  energy  assets  as 
enablers of the energy transition.  

We have a greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) reduction objective approved by the Science 
Based Targets initiative (SBTi). Atlantica targets to reduce Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions 
per kWh of energy produced by 70% by 2035 from a 2020 base year30. This objective is 
particularly ambitious for a company like Atlantica, where approximately 75% of our 2022 
revenues consists of renewable energy production, an activity which already has a very 
low rate of emissions per unit of energy produced. 

In addition, we have a goal to maintain over 80% of our adjusted EBITDA generated from 
low  carbon  footprint  assets  including  renewable  energy,  storage,  transmission 
infrastructure and water assets.  

Following our long-term commitment to sustainability, we have set new targets to reduce 
our:  

⚫  GHG emissions. We target to: 

(i)  reduce our Scope 3 GHG emissions per kWh of energy generated by 70% by 2035 

from a 2020 base year, and  

(ii) achieve Net Zero GHG emissions by 2040. 

⚫  Non-GHG  emissions.  We  target  to  reduce  our  non-GHG  emissions31  per  kWh  of 

energy generated by 50% by 2035 from a 2020 base year. 

⚫  Water consumption. We target to reduce our water consumption per kWh of energy 

generated by 50% by 2035 from a 2020 base year. 

Our Environmental Policy was approved by the Board of Directors in May 2020 and was 
last amended in December 2021. The policy is available at www.atlantica.com. 

Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures 
(TCFD) 

We have voluntarily reported climate-related financial disclosures largely consistent with 
the recommendations of TCFD Guidance 2021 on climate-related financial disclosures. 
We will continue working towards improving these disclosures acknowledging this is an 
evolving area. 

This  section  is  structured  using  the  four  TCFD  pillars:  Governance,  Strategy,  Risk 
Management, and Metrics and Targets. 

The analysis has been prepared based on the TCFD guidance, advice of expert third-party 
consultants, and internal expertise. 

30 The target boundary includes steam generation. Targets are considered ‘science-based’ if they are in line with the levels 
recommended by climate science to meet the goals set out in the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to “well-below 
2ºC”. The SBTi target was approved in 2021. We expect to reduce Scopes 1 and 2 per unit of energy generated mainly by 
(i)  investing  in  renewable  energy  assets  and  (ii)  implementing  measures  to  reduce  emissions  over  time.  We  refer  to 
Atlantica’s 2022 CDP’s Climate Change questionnaire (section C3) for additional details on our climate-related strategy. 
31 Non-GHG emissions including nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). 

96 

 
 
 
TCFD 
Elements 

Recommended Disclosure 

Cross Reference 

Current Status 

Future Priorities 

1) Governance  a) Describe the Board’s 

oversight of climate related 
risks and opportunities 

2) Strategy 

3) Risk 
Management 

4) Metrics and 
Targets 

b) Describe management’s role 
in assessing and managing 
climate related risks and 
opportunities 

a) Describe the climate related 
risks and opportunities the 
organisation has identified over 
the short, medium and long 
term 
b) Describe the impact of 
climate related risks and 
opportunities on the 
organisation’s businesses, 
strategy and financial planning 
c) Describe the resilience of the 
organisation’s strategy, taking 
into consideration different 
climate related scenarios, 
including a 2C or lower 
scenario 
a) Describe the organisation’s 
processes for identifying and 
assessing climate related risks 

b) Describe the organisation’s 
processes for managing 
climate related risks 

c) Describe how processes for 
identifying, assessing and 
managing climate related risks 
are integrated into the 
organisation’s overall risk 
management 
a) Disclose the metrics used by 
the organisation to assess 
climate related risks and 
opportunities in line with its 
strategy and risk management 
process 
b) Disclose Scope 1, Scope 2 
and if appropriate Scope 3 
greenhouse gas (GHG) 
emissions, and the related risks 
c) Describe the targets used by 
the organisation to manage 
climate related risks and 
opportunities and performance 
against these targets 

Sustainability 
Governance 
(Business ethics 
section) and 
section 1 below 

Sustainability 
Governance 
(Business ethics 
section) and 
section 1 below 

Section 2 below 

Section 2 below 

Section 2 below 

- Board and Management 

- At Board level: 

Committees review risks and 
opportunities as part of their 
areas of responsibility 
- Climate related risks and 

opportunities are integrated 
into our strategy and 
business model  
- Climate change and 

environmental sustainability is a 
major consideration of our 
business at all levels 

continue supervising 
ESG and climate-
related matters, 
initiatives, risks and 
opportunities 

- At Management level: 

maintain different 
committees to 
efficiently address ESG 
and climate-related 
matters 

- Climate change and ESG-

- Increased linkages 

related training provided to 
employees (including 
management) 

- Screened for potential climate-
related risks and opportunities 
and conducted climate-related 
scenario analysis to determine 
and assess Atlantica’s 2030 and 
2050 key risk and opportunity 
impacts  

- ESG and climate change 
integrated into financial 
planning  

between sustainability 
performance and 
remuneration 

- Continue screening 

and analysing 
potential climate-
related risks and 
opportunities  

- Continue investing in 

assets that are 
environmentally 
sustainable and 
managing them 
sustainably 

- Continue developing 
our risk assessment 
processes to better 
identify emerging 
climate-related risks 
and to manage 
climate-related risks 
effectively 

- Continue analysing 
and implementing 
climate-related 
reporting best 
practices  
- Measure progress to 
reach targets  

Principal Risks and 
Uncertainties 
section and 
section 3 below 
Principal Risks and 
Uncertainties 
section and 
section 3 below 

Principal Risks and 
Uncertainties 
section and 
section 3 below 

-  ISO 31000 aligned risk 

management framework 
incorporating climate-
related risks 

-  Climate change is considered a 

strategic risk, hence is 
continually reviewed across 
at business and corporate level 

-  Transition and physical risks 
evaluated through scenario 
analysis 

-  Climate-related risks included 

in our Risk Map 

Environmental 
Sustainability and 
section 4 below 

Environmental 
Sustainability and 
section 4 below 

Environmental 
Sustainability and 
section 4 below 

-  Scopes 1 and 2 reported since 
2015 and Scope 3 since 2019 
-  Externally reviewed 100% of 
Scopes 1, 2 and 3 since 2020 
-  Approved SBTi intensity target 
to reduce Scopes 1 and 2 per 
unit of energy generated 
-  New internal targets to: (1) 

reduce Scope 3 emissions and 
achieve Net Zero GHG 
emissions, (2) reduce non-GHG 
emissions and (3) reduce water 
consumption at generating 
assets 

-  Internal carbon price of $20-

$35 per ton of CO2 to evaluate 
investment opportunities32 

-  Process to offset GHG 

emissions 

97 

 
 
 
1.  Governance 

We  refer  to  the  subsections  Business  Ethics  and  Sustainability  Governance  within  the 
Governance  section  for  a  description  of  the  role  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and 
Management in terms of climate-change. 

We refer to the Directors’ Report for details on the Board of Directors’ profiles. 

2.  Strategy 

In 2022 we screened for potential climate-related risks and opportunities and conducted 
a  climate-related  scenario  analysis  to  analyse  Atlantica’s  2030  and  2050  key  risk  and 
opportunity impacts. 

The  risks  were  identified  following  a  two-step  process.  In  the  first  place,  an  initial 
screening was carried out to determine which physical and transition risks are most likely 
to affect all our businesses and geographies. Once the initial screening was completed, 
company-specific  data  (e.g.,  historical  records  of  past  events,  input  from  internal 
stakeholders)  was  taken  into  account  to  determine  the  key  risks  most  likely  to  affect 
Atlantica as well as their potential impact on our activities. 

We refer to the ESG Materiality Analysis for details on our materiality assessment. 

Physical Risks: Methodology and Key Findings 

The physical risk analysis covered fourteen regions and eight different climate hazards. 
The selection took into consideration Atlantica’s key technologies, countries and assets, 
past events that affected Atlantica’s or other peers’ operations, and climate scenarios that 
project how the intensity or frequency of certain climate hazards might change as a result 
of global warming. 

Summary of Potential Impacts of Physical Climate Risks33  

Risk 

Technology 

Changing  
wind patterns 

Wind power 

Increase in mean 
temperatures 

Solar, wind 
power 

Droughts/water 
scarcity 

Solar, geothermal 
energy 

Potential Impacts 
The wind power plants  are designed for the prevalent wind 
direction  to  work  as  efficiently  as  possible.  A  change  in  the 
wind  direction  and  /or  wind  speeds  may  impact  the  power 
production efficiency. 
Increasing temperatures reduce the efficiency of solar power 
production. 
Increasing  mean  air  temperature  lowers  air  density  which 
causes less efficient wind power production. 
Solar  PV  panels  exposed  to  high  temperatures  age  more 
quickly. 
Water is needed for steam turbines, cooling condensers etc. 
If there is less water available, water costs may increase. Water 
restrictions  may  occur  affecting  the  cooling  capacity  of  the 
plants. 

32 We apply a carbon price when we evaluate investments in natural gas assets with long-term useful life. The economic 
impact is evaluated as an additional cost. In 2022, we did not evaluate investments in natural gas assets. In 2021, when 
the carbon pricing cost was factored in the investment opportunity model of a gas plant in North America, the Investment 
Committee decided that the potential investment was not reaching the minimum returns required for the specific sector 
and geography and rejected any potential investment.  
33 From a climate-related perspective, potential physical climate risks include short-term (1-2 years), medium-term (3 to 
10 years) and long-term (over 11 years) horizons. We have updated this climate-related classification based on our long-
term decarbonisation strategy and SBTIs updated guidance. 

98 

 
 
 
Increasing mean 
water temperatures 

Water 
desalination 

Landslides caused 
by heavy 
precipitation  

Solar, 
transmission 
infrastructure 

Severe winds/ wind 
gusts 

Solar 

Wildfires 

Transmission 
infrastructure 

Severe winter 
weather and hail 

Wind power, 
natural gas, solar 

Warmer sea water may contribute to the growth of algae that 
negatively  affect  the  membranes  inside  the  desalination 
plant. In addition, higher water temperatures reduce the feed 
pressure and the membranes performance. 
Heavy  rains  can  cause  flooding  close  to  transmission  lines, 
which can result in landslide which can damage towers. This 
can lead to business interruption and require repair work. 
Flooding of solar PV fields may prevent access to the site or 
destroy components. 
Severe  winds  can  damage  solar 
components, requiring repair work. 
If  the  transmission  lines  cause  a  wildfire,  it  could  result  in 
damage,  including  damage  to  third  parties  and  subsequent 
liabilities. 
Severe  winter  weather,  like  the  storm  in  February  2021  in 
Texas, could cause supply from wind farms to decline due to 
wind  turbine  equipment  freezing.  In  addition,  natural  gas 
assets could trip offline due to operational issues caused by 
freezing conditions. Furthermore, hail can damage solar fields 
and destroy components, requiring repair work. 

fields  and  destroy 

Assessment of the current and short-term exposure to potential impacts of physical 
climate risks: 

Risk 

Type of Risk 

Changing wind 
patterns 

Chronic Physical 

Increase in mean 
temperatures 

Droughts/water 
scarcity 

Increasing mean 
water temperatures 

Acute Physical 

Landslides caused by 
heavy precipitation 

Evaluation 
The  design  of  our  plants  is  appropriate  considering  the 
current prevailing wind direction. 

Our  solar  and  wind  plants  have  been  in  operation  for 
approximately  10  years.  Since  our  plants  started 
operations, we have not observed a decrease in efficiency 
that might be attributable to an increase in temperatures, 
even in those years with higher temperatures. 
To avoid health and safety issues, we undertake operation 
and maintenance activities in those timeframes with less 
heat intensity. 
Atlantica  has  historically  only  withdrawn  approximately 
50% of the total regulatory water limits permitted at our 
solar  assets.  Even  if  the  water  limits  were  reduced,  we 
believe  we  have  sufficient  margin  to  withdraw  enough 
water to keep our plants working properly. Our local asset 
management  teams  systematically  track  and  monitor 
water availability as a key KPI of the asset. 
Water temperature in the region where our desalination 
plants are located typically ranges from 15ºC in winter to 
26ºC in summer (monthly averages). For the moment, we 
have not experienced a proliferation of algae which may 
result in a loss of efficiency in the desalination process. 
In  our  transmission  lines,  heavy  precipitation  may  cause 
landslides  which  can  damage  the  towers 
in  our 
transmission lines. In the case that we faced an event such 
as  this,  it  would  typically  affect  one  or  two  towers, 
especially taking into consideration the distance between 
towers.  An  event  like  this  is  covered  by  our  insurance 
policy, thus the remaining risk is currently not considered 
material. 

99 

 
 
Severe winds/wind 
gusts 

Wildfires 

Severe winter weather 
and hail 

Our  geographic  VPs  and  our  operations  team  monitor 
weather  conditions  in  real-time  at  each  of  the  assets  to 
adopt the required protection measures. An event like this 
is covered by our insurance policy, so the remaining risk 
is currently not considered material. 
Our largest transmission lines ATS and ATN are located in 
arid  regions,  with  little  or  no  vegetation.  Most  of  our 
transmission lines  in  Chile are also located in areas with 
low risk of wildfires. 
After  the  acquisition  of  Chile  TL4,  we  have  dedicated 
significant efforts to manage the vegetation in proximity 
to the line. 
In addition, in 2019 one of our off-takers, PG&E, a large 
for  bankruptcy 
utility  company 
protection  under  Chapter  11  due  to  liabilities  related  to 
its potential involvement in wildfires in California in 2017 
and  2018.  PG&E  emerged  from  Chapter  11  in  2020. 
During  this  process,  a  Wildfire  Fund  was  created  to  pay 
eligible claims for liabilities arising from wildfires.  
New regulation further mitigates this risk. 
Hail  impacting  our  solar  panels  is  covered  by  our 
insurance  policy,  so  the  remaining  risk  is  currently  not 
considered  material.  In  addition,  we  do  not  have  hedge 
agreements  where  we  need  to  deliver  the  contracted 
power even if the facility is not in operation. 

in  California, 

filed 

We believe that physical climate risks are adequately managed based on our policies, 
procedures, processes and systems in-place. 

Assessment  of  the  medium  and  long-term  exposure  to  potential  impacts  of 
physical climate risks through scenario analysis 

We  evaluated  the  potential  changes  in  the  selected  risks  as  projected  by  the 
Representative  Concentration  Pathway  (RCP)  8.5,  a  business-as-usual  scenario.  This 
scenario assumes that GHG emissions will continue rising at today’s rate until the end of 
the century, with little mitigation efforts. By the end of the century, the RCP 8.5 scenario 
projects a rise of approximately 4ºC in global mean temperature by 2100, compared to 
pre-industrial levels. 

Under the RCP 8.5 scenario, chronic and acute physical risks become greater and more 
frequent as a result of the increase in the average global temperature.  

The  analysis  carried  out  focused  on  the  Company’s  specific  locations.  Furthermore, 
scientific literature such as the (i) NASA Centre for Climate Simulations (NCCS), and (ii) 
Aqueduct Floods Hazard Maps and Aqueduct Global Maps 3.0 from the World Resources 
Institute (WRI) that included projections from different climate models were consulted to 
further analyse future climate conditions in the medium (2030) and long term (2050).  

A  qualitative  rating  was  assigned,  ranging  from  low  to  high,  which  reflects  the  future 
changes in the frequency and/or severity of the hazard from baseline conditions under a 
RCP 8.5 scenario. 

100 

 
 
Potential Changes in Frequency and Severity of the Hazard from Baseline 
Conditions under RCP 8.5 

We have completed a detailed analysis of four physical risks which have been selected 
based on (i) potential change in 2030 and 2050 with respect to baseline conditions, (ii) 
risk exposure at asset level, and (iii) Atlantica’s management assessment. The identified 
physical climate risks impacts were: 

Risk 

Changing wind 
patterns in wind 
assets 
Increase in mean 
temperatures in solar 
and wind assets 

Droughts/water 
scarcity in solar assets 

Landslides caused by 
heavy precipitation in 
transmission 
infrastructure 

Potential Physical Climate Risks Impacts 

Results 
We  do  not  expect  a  change  in  the  wind  direction  and/or  wind  speeds  may 
significantly impact the power production efficiency in the mid-term. 

We estimate that (i) a reduction of the efficiency of solar power production, and 
(ii) lower air density which causes  less efficient wind power production, could 
have,  if  no  additional  mitigation  measures  were  implemented,  a  maximum 
annual revenue loss of approximately $1 million in 2030. 
If there is less water available, water costs may increase. Water restrictions may 
affect the cooling capacity of the plants. For example, we estimate that droughts 
and water scarcity in Spain could have, if no additional mitigation measures were 
implemented, an annual revenue loss between approximately $75 thousand and 
$1.1 million in 2030. 
Flooding  close  to  transmission  lines  can  damage  towers.  This  can  lead  to 
business interruption and require repair work. We estimate that landslides could 
have,  if  no  additional  mitigation  measures  were  implemented,  an  annual 
damage between approximately $30 thousand and $3.0 million in 2030. 

Note 1: Different hypothesis and approaches have been used to calculate these physical climate risks impacts, 
including the advice of expert third-party consultants and internal expertise (including the Chief Executive 
Officer and other senior managers). Additional disclosure on physical climate risks impacts calculations  is 
provided  in  Atlantica’s  2022  CDP’s  Climate  Change  questionnaire  (section  C2  Risks  and  Opportunities) 
available on our website. 
Note 2: By 2050, some of the physical climate-related risks analysed may not impact us since we could replace 
some of the existing technologies with others with for example, lower water consumption. By 2050, we expect 
physical climate risks impacts to be immaterial. 

Based on the work completed (i.e., including historical records of past events, input from 
different  stakeholders  and  RCP  8.5  scenario  analysis where chronic  and acute  physical 
risks become greater and more frequent as a result of the increase in the average global 
temperature), the potential impact of physical climate-related risks on our short, medium 

101 

 
 
 
and long-term assets’ financial performance (i.e., revenues, costs) and financial position 
(i.e., asset, liabilities) is expected to be immaterial34. From a physical risk perspective, the 
results  of  the  work  completed  indicate  that  Atlantica’s  short,  medium  and  long-term 
strategy and asset portfolio would be resilient to physical climate-related changes. 

Transition Risks and Opportunities: Methodology and Key Findings 

Transition Climate Risks Description and Mitigation  

Risk 
Current 
Regulation 
(policy and 
legal) 

Emerging 
regulation 
(policy and 
legal) 

Reputation 

Risk Description  
Atlantica  is  directly  affected  by  climate-
related  risks  driven  by  laws,  regulations, 
taxation,  disclosure  of  emissions  and  other 
practices. For example, we are subject to the 
requirements of the U.K. Climate Change Act 
2008  on  GHG  emissions 
In 
addition, our U.S. solar plants are for example, 
subject to permits under the Clean Air Act. 

reporting. 

Changes in regulation could have a negative 
impact  on  Atlantica’s  future  growth  or 
profitability.  

If our reputation suffered, our cost of capital 
could increase, and it could be more difficult 
for  us  to  access  capital.  In  addition,  some 
potential  employees, 
/or 
suppliers  could  perceive  Atlantica  as  a  less 
appealing  company  as  a 
result  of  a 
deterioration in our reputation. 

clients,  and 

Downstream  Some  of  our  clients  are  large  utilities  or 
industrial corporations. They are also exposed 
to  significant  climate  change-related  risks, 
including  current  and  emerging  regulation, 
acute  and  chronic  physical  risks.  A  negative 
climate-related  risk  impact  on  our  clients, 
including  their  credit  quality  could  lead  to 
their inability to comply with their obligations 
under our existing contracts.  

Risk Mitigation 
-  Asset  managers  are  responsible  for 
monitoring  asset  activities  in  line  with 
regulations  and  contractual 
local 
requirements  (environmental,  permits, 
etc.).  Local  compliance  managers  are 
and 
responsible 
resolving  compliance 
in  the 
geographies under their responsibility, 
including  ensuring  compliance  with 
current regulations.  

for  managing 

issues 

-  Various  internal  working  groups  and 
management regularly review risks that 
regulatory 
arise 
from 
developments 
potential 
impacts. 

new 

and 

its 

-  GHG  reduction  objective  on  Scope  1 
and  2  emissions  approved  by  the 
Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi). 
-  We target to maintaining over 80% of 
our  adjusted  EBITDA  generated  from 
low carbon footprint assets. 

-  We  have  set  new  internal  targets  to 
reduce:  (1)  Scope  3,  (2)  non-GHG 
emissions and (3) water consumption 
-  We have also set a new internal target 
to achieve Net Zero GHG emissions. 

-  Large 

and 

utilities 

industrial 
corporations strive to comply with the 
highest  ESG  and  climate  change 
standards  and  to  maintain  their  credit 
ratings.  

Note: all these transition-related risks and their mitigation plans apply to the Company in the short, medium 
and long-term. We refer to Atlantica’s 2022 CDP’s Climate Change questionnaire (section C2) for additional 
details on transition-related risks. 

The transition risks prioritised for this analysis relate to policy, technology and market 
developments.  The  analysis  considered  two  of  the  scenarios  provided  in  the  World 
Energy Outlooks (WEO) 2021 report prepared by the International Energy Agency (IEA). 

34 We categorize risks depending on their potential impact on (1) CAFD pre-corporate debt service and asset value (equity 
value) of the company and (2) health and safety and environment. Additional disclosure on risk impacts is provided in 
Atlantica’s 2022 CDP’s Climate Change questionnaire (section C2 Risks and Opportunities) available on our website. 

102 

 
 
 
IEA Sustainable 
Development Scenario 
(SDS) 

-  Assumes strong policy support and international cooperation in meeting the 
United  Nations  Sustainable  Development  Goals  (SDGs)  along  with  a  major 
transformation of the global energy system  

-  Full alignment with the Paris Agreement 
-  Global average temperature increase is limited to below 2°C by the end of the 

century 

IEA Stated Policies 
Scenario (STEPS) 

-  Assumes  current  and  announced  policies,  plans,  and  trajectories  and  their 
implications  for  energy  demand,  emissions,  carbon  markets,  and  energy 
security  

-  Global average temperature increases of approximately 3°C by the end of the 

century. 

As  global  decarbonisation  ambitions  increase,  the  physical  impacts  of  climate  change 
decrease,  but  transition  risk  increases  as  more  aggressive  and  disruptive  policies  are 
required to achieve the necessary global warming temperature goal. 

Based  on  the  work  completed  (i.e.,  including  historical  records,  input  from  different 
stakeholders and existing risk mitigation plans), the potential impact of transition-related 
risks on our short, medium and long-term assets’ financial performance (i.e., revenues, 
costs) and financial position (i.e., asset, liabilities) is expected to be immaterial, hence we 
have not analysed transition-related risks under SDS and STEPS scenarios. 

Opportunities 

We have focused on two opportunities for our medium and long-term scenario analysis: 

Opportunity 

Scenario  Geography 

STEPS 

1.Changes in 
Demand for Low-
Carbon Products 
and Services may 
lead to increased 
demand for products 
and services due to 
rising adoption of 
renewables. 

SDS 

US 

EU 

US 

EU 

Potential Changes in 2030 and 2050 
This scenario assumes an extension of renewable tax 
credits for solar, and onshore and offshore wind, as 
well  as  100%  carbon-free  electricity  by  2050  in  20 
states. In addition, this scenario assumes that a target 
of  30  GW  offshore  wind  capacity  by  2030  will  be 
achieved.  
This scenario projects that there will be an increase in 
demand  for  renewable  energy,  which  will  be  more 
prominent  between  2030-2050  compared  to  2020-
2030. 
This  scenario  assumes  that  the  renewable  energy 
market  in  the  EU  will  continue  to  grow,  as  country 
members move rapidly toward decarbonisation. This 
includes  a  successful  completion  of  the  already 
announced  coal  phase-out  plans  considered  in  16 
including  Spain.  This  scenario 
member  states, 
assumes  a  strengthening  of  national  energy 
transition  plans  with  a  particular  focus  on  offshore 
wind  targets  and  increased  electrification  of  the 
These 
economy, 
developments  could 
renewable 
energy investments which could in turn, facilitate the 
penetration  of  renewables  in  the  power  generation 
mix.  
Demand for renewable energy is projected to grow 
rapidly,  accelerating  during  the  period  2020-2030 
compared to 2030-2050.  
Demand for renewable energy is projected to grow 
rapidly,  accelerating  during  the  period  2020-2030 
compared to 2030-2050.  

further  de-risk 

particularly 

transport. 

in 

103 

 
 
Opportunity 

Scenario  Geography 

2.Changes in 
Government 
Supporting Schemes  
may lead to increased 
competitiveness and to 
a lower risk when 
investing in renewable 
energy. 

STEPS 

US 

UK 

US 

SDS 

EU 

UK 

Potential Changes in 2030 and 2050 
✓ The  US  has  achieved  notable  reductions  in  CO2 
emissions  over  the  past  decade,  led  by  the 
transformation  of 
the  power  sector.  Policy 
dynamics  are  expected  to  be  supportive  for  the 
development of the renewable energy market. The 
opportunity is assessed to be higher in the long run, 
as  more  stringent  policies  are  expected  to  be 
implemented  in  the  US  to  further  reduce  its  GHG 
emissions footprint. 

✓ The UK has set ambitious goals to reach its carbon 
neutrality  goal  by  2050,  with  the  electricity  sector 
shifting  due  to  investment  in  offshore  wind  and 
solar  PV.  The  government’s  support  for  the 
development of renewable energy in order to meet 
its  climate  commitments  is  expected  to  intensify 
during 2030-2050.  

✓ The  ambitious  2021  U.S.  Long-Term  Strategy 
“Pathways to Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions 
by 2050” is consistent with limiting global warming 
to  1.5°C.  The  policies  that  would  need  to  be 
implemented  by  the  U.S.  to  reach  this  goal 
represent  an  opportunity  for  Atlantica,  with  more 
initiatives to be expected during the period 2030-
2050.  

✓ The  EU’s  track  record 

in  decarbonising  the 
electricity  system 
renewable  energy 
through 
technologies, notably offshore wind, but also solar 
photovoltaic,  suggests  that  the  EU  is  on  track  to 
reach  its  climate  targets.  This  opportunity  has  a 
higher  consideration  in  the  long-term  than  in  the 
mid-term,  taking 
into  consideration  that  the 
policies aiming to deliver the EU’s Green Deal will 
intensify during that period. 

✓ This scenario assumes that the U.K. administration 
will  implement  all  policies  required  to  reduce 
emissions down to a level consistent with the Paris 
in  the  government 
Agreement.  The  changes 
supporting schemes in the long-term is expected to 
favour the renewable energy market more than in 
the mid-term.  

Note: We refer to “Our Sustainable Business Model and Strategy” for additional disclosures on our: (i) short-
term opportunities (“growth visibility” section), (ii) growth pipeline of assets under development pipeline and 
(iii) competitive strengths to execute our business strategies. 

A qualitative rating was assigned, ranging from low to high, which reflects the potential 
future changes in (i) demand for low-carbon products, and (ii) government supporting 
schemes under STEPS and SDS scenarios. 

104 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Potential Opportunities by Geography under STEPS and SDS Scenarios in the 
Medium (2030) and Long-Term (2050) 

From a transition perspective, the combination of market trends, including the growing 
demand  for  clean  energy  supported  by  expanding  GHG  reduction  targets,  and  the 
increasingly favourable economics of clean energy, creates many opportunities for our 
business. 

According  to  Bloomberg  New  Energy  Finance  2022,  renewable  energy  is  expected  to 
account  for  the  majority  of  new  investments  in  the  power  sector  in  most  markets.  In 
Bloomberg’s  economic  transition  scenario,  22.9  TW  of  new  capacity  additions  are 
expected by 2050. Solar PV, wind and battery storage see the largest deployment with 
19.5 TW, collectively capturing 85% of this new power capacity. Total required investment 
in energy infrastructure over the next three decades tops $119 trillion. To achieve this, 
annual investment will need to more than double from around $2.0 trillion, to $4.1 trillion 

In  addition,  in  the  U.S.  the  Inflation  Reduction  Act  was  signed  into  law  in  2022  and 
includes a bundle of measures to incentivise clean energy investment and storage. 

Considering  that  we  are  a  sustainable  infrastructure  company  with  a  majority  of  our 
business in renewable energy assets and that we (i) complement our renewable assets 
portfolio  with  storage,  efficient  natural  gas,  and  transmission  infrastructure  assets,  as 
enablers of the transition towards a clean energy mix and (ii) hold water infrastructure 
assets, a sector at the core of sustainable development, we believe that our diversification 
by  business  sector  and  geography  (including  the  U.S.  and  the  European  Union),  our 
know-how and operating expertise in our key markets together with a critical mass of 
assets in several geographic areas, as well as our access to capital provided by being a 
listed company will assist us in benefiting from the expected transition towards a more 
sustainable power generation mix in our markets. 

Based  on  the  work  completed  (i.e.,  including  historical  investments,  our  competitive 
strengths,  identified  growth  opportunities  and  SDS  and  STEPS  scenario  analysis), 
Atlantica’s short, medium and long-term strategy would be resilient and would be well 
positioned to take advantage of transition-related opportunities. 

We refer to “Our Sustainable Business Model and Strategy“ section for further details on 
our growth plans. 

We  refer  to  Atlantica’s  2022  CDP’s  Climate  Change  questionnaire  (section  C2)  for 
additional details on transition climate-related opportunities. 

105 

 
 
 
We  refer  to  the  “Reporting  under  the  European  Union  Taxonomy”  section  for  further 
details  on  clean  revenues,  Adjusted  EBITDA,  and  capital  allocation  and  capital 
expenditures (investments and maintenance capex).  

3.  Risk Management 

Atlantica’s Board of Directors is responsible for supervising climate change risk analysis. 
Day-to-day  risk  management  activities  are  led  by  the  Head  of  Risk  Management35. 
Climate change risks and opportunities are also discussed, whenever considered, in the 
ESG  Committee  and  in  the  Geographic  Committees.  In  addition,  when  we  evaluate 
potential investments, the Investment Committee evaluates all potential risks related to 
the  potential  investment,  including  ESG  and  climate-related  risks.  Atlantica  has 
developed  a  risk  analysis  methodology  based  on  ISO  31000  and  on  standard  market 
practices. 

We refer to the “Principal Risks and Uncertainties” section for a detailed description of 
our  risks,  including  how  our  risks  are  assessed  and  prioritised  (i.e.,  based  on  their 
likelihood and magnitude of the impact). 

We refer to the “Sustainability Governance” section for further details on processes and 
committees for identifying, assessing and managing ESG and climate-related risks. 

4.  Metrics and Targets 

This Integrated Annual Report discloses our annual performance across many climate-
change  related areas.  This  information  is  disclosed  in  the Environmental Sustainability 
section. We refer to sections “Greenhouse Gas Emissions” and “Water Management”. 

We refer to Atlantica’s 2022 CDP’s Climate Change questionnaire, sections C2 and C3, for 
additional  metrics  on  climate-related  risks  and  opportunities,  and  on  our  climate 
strategy, respectively. 

35  The  Head  of  Risk  Management  participated  in  the  screening  for  potential  climate-related  risks  and 
opportunities and in the climate-related scenario analysis to analyse Atlantica’s 2030 and 2050 key risk and 
opportunity impacts. 

106 

 
 
 
Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Key facts: 

✓ GHG emissions reduction objective approved by SBTi: reduce Scope 1 and 2 
GHG emissions per kWh of energy produced by 70% by 2035 from a 2020 
base year 

✓ New  GHG  emissions  reduction  target:  reduce  Scope  3  GHG  emissions  per 

kWh of energy produced by 70% by 2035 from a 2020 year base 

✓ New  GHG  emissions  reduction  target:  achieve  net  zero  GHG  emissions  by 

2040 

✓ Increased CO2e emissions avoided vs. 2021 ▲ 17% 

✓ GHG emission rate per unit of energy generated decreased to 168 gCO2e/kWh 

(vs. 185 gCO2e/KWh in 2021) 

✓ Offset 320 thousand tonnes of Scope 1 GHG emissions (▲ 23% vs. 2021) 

Atlantica  complies  with  the  (i)  2008  U.K.  Climate  Change  Act  on  GHG  reporting,  (ii) 
Commission Regulation (EU) No 601/2012, (iii) ISO 14064-1:2018 Greenhouse gases, Part 
1, on quantification and reporting of GHG emissions and removals, and (iv) GHG Protocol 
on GHG quantification. 

We have followed the operational control approach to calculate our 2022, 2021 and 2020 
GHG emissions data. Under the operational control approach, a company accounts for 
100% of the GHG emissions from operations over which it has control. 

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately 84% of our installed power generation 
capacity relates to renewable energy assets and 16% refers to ACT and Monterrey, two 
efficient natural gas-fired power generation assets in Mexico, and one district heating 
plant in Canada.  

Installed Capacity in Generation Assets, MW 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Efficient Natural 
Gas and Heat
16%

Efficient Natural 
Gas and Heat
16%

Efficient 
Natural Gas
18%

Renewable 
Energy
84%

Renewable 
Energy
84%

Renewable 
Energy
82%

Note: We have revised 2021 figures to account for our 55 MWt district heating installed capacity plant. 

ACT is located in a gas complex belonging to our client. Our plant does not purchase or 
pay for the natural gas, it is just one more step in our client’s production process (i.e., 
ACT receives natural gas and water from its client and in exchange provides electricity 
and  steam).  The  client  bears  the cost  and also all  the  responsibility  for  environmental 
obligations.  Nevertheless,  following  reporting  best  practices  we  are  consolidating  all 

107 

 
 
 
 
 
 
ACT’s environmental indicators, including GHG emissions, water and waste. 

ACT  has  an  “efficient  cogeneration  facility”  status  granted  by  the  Mexican  energy 
regulator  that  is  renewed  each  year.  The  Mexican  regulator  categorises  facilities  that 
deliver energy above a defined efficiency threshold as “efficient plants”. This status allows 
ACT  to  benefit  from  certain  favourable  conditions  regarding  interconnection  and 
transmission. 

In 2022 independent third parties have been engaged to verify our reported Scope 1, 2 
and 3 GHG emissions under a reasonable level of assurance. In Mexico, our Scope 1 and 
2  greenhouse  emissions  were  reviewed  by  ANCE  and  our  Scope  3  emissions  were 
reviewed by DNV. In Spain, our Scope 1 stationary greenhouse emissions were reviewed 
by AENOR. Our Scope 3 emissions and Scope 1 and 2 emissions for the rest of the assets 
were  reviewed  by  DNV.  We  refer  to  the  ESG  Data  Review  section  for  additional 
information on the third-party entities. 

% of Reviewed GHG Emissions in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Scopes 1, 2 and 3 Reviewed Emissions 

2022 
100% 

2021 
100% 

2020 
100% 

In  2022  we  avoided  emissions  of  approximately  6.9  million  tonnes  of  equivalent  CO2, 
compared  with  a  100%  fossil  fuel-based  generation  plant,  versus  approximately  5.9 
million tonnes of equivalent CO2 in 2021. 

 GHG Emissions Avoided by Generating Technologies 

In millions tonnes 
 Scopes 1, 2 and 3 GHG Emissions 
Avoided 

2022 

6.9 

2021 

5.9 

2020 

5.4 

We  base  our  avoided  emissions  calculations  on  the  “Greenhouse  Gas  Equivalencies 
Calculator”  and  the  Avoided  Emissions  and  Generation  Tool  (AVERT)  U.S.  national 
weighted average CO2 marginal emission rate, to convert reductions of kilowatt-hours 
into avoided units of CO2 emissions. We consider electric and steam generation in the 
calculation. 

In  2022,  the  GHG  emissions  avoided  increased  compared  to  2021  largely  due  to  the 
contribution from the recently acquired renewable assets Coso, Vento II, Italy PV 1, Italy 
PV 2, Italy PV 3, Italy PV 4, Chile PV 3 and La Sierpe bringing approximately 812 GWh of 
incremental electricity generation.  

In  2022  and  2021  Atlantica’s  Scopes  1  and  2  GHG  emission  rate  per  unit  of  energy 
generated was well-below those of fossil fuel-based generation. 

108 

 
 
 
 
2022 

2021 

2020 

1,000

h
W
k
e
2
O
C
g

750

500

250

0

709

168

1,000

h
W
k
e
2
O
C
g

750

500

250

0

709

185

1,000

h
W
k
e
2
O
C
g

750

500

250

0

709

188

Atlantica GHG
Emissions Ratio

Electricity-Related
Emissions Factor
(AVERT)

Atlantica GHG
Emissions Ratio

Electricity-Related
Emissions Factor
(AVERT)

Atlantica GHG
Emissions Ratio

Electricity-Related
Emissions Factor
(AVERT)

We quantified and reported on the GHG emissions figures following the GHG Protocol:  

- Scope 1: Direct emissions of GHG from sources that are owned or controlled by the 
Company.  
- Scope 2: Indirect emissions of GHG from consumption of purchased electricity, heat or 
steam.  
- Scope 3: Indirect emissions of GHG not included in Scope 2 that occur in the Company’s 
value chain, including both upstream and downstream emissions, and the investments in 
joint ventures where partners have control.  

Our reported emissions include emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and 
nitrous oxide (N2O) as CO2 equivalents36. 

We calculated Scopes 1 and 2 emissions using the GHG inventories conversion factors 
indicated by the organisations listed below: 

- 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (“IPCC”). 
-  United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”). 
-  2022 GHG National Inventory from the Ministry of Ecological Transition in Spain. 

We  calculated  Scope  3  emissions  using  an  economic  input-output  analysis  and  key 
emission factors from CEDA’s 5.037 database. We also used the fuel consumption activity 
data and emission factors disclosed at WTT DEFRA 202238 to calculate Scope 3 emissions.  

In  2022,  approximately 71%  of  the  Scopes  1 2  and  3  GHG  emissions  generated came 
from our efficient natural gas plants in Mexico.  

36 Some of our transmission lines use sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). We analysed this KPI following our internal process and 
procedures and concluded that the SF6-related GHG emissions are not significant. 
37 CEDA stands for “Comprehensive Environmental Data Archive”, a set of databases designed to assist on environmental 
system analysis throughout the supply chain. 
38 WTT DEFRA 2022 stands for “Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs”, GHG conversion factors from resource 
extraction, production and delivery. 

109 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GHG Emissions by Technology 

2022 

2021 

2020 

29%
Others

71% Efficient 
Natural Gas

25% 
Others 

75% Efficient 
Natural Gas

14% 
Others 

86% Efficient 
Natural Gas

Others: Renewable energy, water 
desalination assets, and transmission 
lines. 

Others: Renewable energy, water 
desalination assets, and transmission 
lines.

Others: Renewable energy, water 
desalination assets, and transmission 
lines.

Note: 2022 was the first full year we consolidated COSO, our geothermal asset in the U.S. 

Following U.K. GHG regulation disclosure, GHG emissions generated in the U.K. were less 
than 0.001% in both 2022 and 2021. 

In 2022, as part of our commitment to sustainability, we offset 320 thousand tonnes of 
Scope 1 CO2 emissions through Certified Emissions Reduction (CERs) credits, compared 
to 260 thousand tonnes of Scope 1 CO2 offset emissions in 2021. 

GHG Emissions Breakdown by Scope Including Offset GHG Emissions  

e
2
O
C
f
o
s
e
n
n
o
t

s
'
0
0
0

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

2,557

2,570

2,587

2020

2021

2022

1,537

1,535

1,524

821

798

814

199

237

249

Scope 1

Scope 2

Scope 3

Total

Note: Scope 2 market-based figure 

The  GHG  emissions  offsetting  mechanism  reduced  our  total  Scopes  1,  2  and  3  GHG 
emissions by 11% and our Scope 1 GHG emissions by 17%, compared to 10% and 17% 
respectively, in 2021. We believe this initiative proves our sustainability focus and further 
demonstrates Atlantica’s commitment to fighting climate change. 

The graph below shows our GHG emissions in 2020, 2021 and 2022 (without offsets): 

110 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GHG Emissions Breakdown by Scope 

2,757

2,830

2,907

2020

2021

2022

1,795

1,844

1,737

821

798

814

199

237

249

e
2
O
C
f
o
s
e
n
n
o
t

s
'
0
0
0

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

Scope 1

Scope 2

Scope 3

Total

Note: Scope 2 market-based figure 

Scope 1 emissions include CO2 emissions from Coso, our geothermal asset in California, 
since we acquired the asset in April 2021. The area where our asset is located releases 
GHG emissions to the atmosphere, mostly in the form of CO2 that already exists and is 
released progressively in a natural process. With our activity, while we produce electricity, 
we are accelerating this process of release of already existing CO2. Following the GHG 
protocol, we record these emissions as part of our Scope 1 emissions even though these 
emissions were not created by Atlantica.  
In  2022,  our  Scope  1  emissions  increased  mainly  due  to Coso,  as  this  asset  was  fully 
consolidated for the entire year 2022 while only for 8 months in 2021 (i.e., we closed the 
acquisition  of  Coso  in  April  2021).  In  2022,  production  increased  at  ACT,  however 
emissions generated by this asset decreased  in accordance with the Scope 1 updated 
conversion factors in Mexico for these type of plants. In 2021, ACT’s offtaker requested 
less electricity and steam, hence decreased natural gas consumption and emissions. A 
tolling agreement exists for this asset, according to which we receive water and natural 
gas from the client and in return we provide electricity and steam. 

In addition, our Scopes 2 and 3 emissions increased slightly due to the increased water 
production  at  our  water  desalination  assets.  In  2022  our  desalination  plants  achieved 
high levels of availability. 

111 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scopes 1 and 2 GHG Emissions Rate per Unit of Energy Generated39 

h
W
k
/
e
2
O
C
g

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

188

185

168

2020

2021

2022

Our Scopes 1 and 2 GHG emissions rate per unit of energy generated decreased from 
185 gCO2e/kWh in 2021 to 168 gCO2e/kWh in 2022. This decrease was largely due to 
additional production from recently acquired renewable energy assets, partially offset by 
higher Scope 1 emissions from Coso, as previously discussed. 

Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Atlantica  generates  (i)  nitrogen  oxide  (NOx),  excluding  nitrous  oxide  (N2O)  which  is 
computed within the GHG emission calculation, (ii) sulphur dioxide (SO2), and (iii) carbon 
monoxide  (CO).  Our  efficient  natural  gas  plants  in  Mexico  generate  most  of  these 
emissions. 

NOx, SO2 and CO Emissions as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

2022 

2021 

2020 

 Tonnes 

NOx 

SO2 

CO 

NOx 

SO2 

CO 

NOx 

SO2 

CO 

Mexico 

546.7 

Spain 

Algeria 

Canada 

15.1 

6.5 

1.6 

- 

0.6 

0.3 

- 

333.2 

493.8 

5.9 

2.5 

9.5 

15.4 

8.4 

1.2 

- 

0.6 

0.4 

- 

328.1 

534.8 

6.0 

3.3 

7.3 

15.2 

- 

- 

- 

0.6 

- 

- 

385.1 

4.6 

- 

- 

Total 

569.9 

0.9 

351.2 

518.9 

1.0 

344.7 

550.0 

0.6 

389.7 

Note: We have revised 2021 figures to account for our controlling water desalination asset investments that produce non-
GHG emissions. 

NOx and CO emissions increased mainly due to higher production at ACT, which resulted 
in higher emissions.  

Our  assets  do  not  generate  any  lead  (Pb)  or  mercury  (Hg),  and  limited  amounts  of 
particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and hazardous air pollutants 
(HAP). 

39 Scopes 1 and 2 GHG emissions rate per unit of energy is an accepted SBTi ratio for the utility sector, hence we believe 
it is a generally accepted industry-specific GHG efficiency ratio. 

112 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Following our long-term commitment to sustainability, we have implemented a new non-
GHG emissions reduction target. We target to reduce our non-GHG emissions40 per kWh 
of energy generated by 50% by 2035 from a 2020-year base. 

Energy Management 

Our  renewable  energy,  efficient  natural  gas  and  water  assets  consume  energy  from 
different sources, including purchased fuel and electricity and, self-generated energy. In 
2022, Atlantica consumed 8,371 GWh of energy compared to 8,376 GWh of energy in 
2021.  

In 2022 and 2021 approximately 99% of fuel consumption came from ACT, our efficient 
natural  gas  asset.  In  2022,  ACT  had  higher  production,  resulting  in  higher  fuel 
consumption. This is the main reason for the increase in Atlantica’s energy consumption 
in 2022 compared to 2021. 

Energy Consumption and Generation in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

In GWh 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Consumption of fuel 
Consumption of Purchased Electricity for own use 
Consumption of Self-Generated Renewable Energy 
Total Energy Consumption 
Electricity generation 
Thermal energy generated 
Total Net Energy Generated1 
Total net energy consumption within the organisation2 
1  Includes 49% of Vento II wind portfolio production since its acquisition. Does not include curtailment in 

8,545 
448 
294 
9,287 
5,815 
4,463 
10,278 
(991) 

7,328 
569 
474 
8,371 
7,818 
4,616 
12,434 
(4,063) 

7,543 
537 
296 
8,376 
6,889 
4,092 
10,981 
(2,605) 

wind assets for which we receive compensation. 

2  If negative, energy generation is higher than energy consumption. 

Following  U.K.  energy  consumption  regulation  disclosure,  energy  consumption  in  the 
U.K. was less than 0.001% in both 2022 and 2021. 

Reporting  our  activities  under  the  European  Union 
Taxonomy 

The European Union (EU) Taxonomy defines economic activities that can be considered 
environmentally  sustainable.  It  is  aimed  at  investors,  companies,  and  financial 
institutions,  covers  a  wide  range  of  industries  and  is  intended  to  protect  against 
greenwashing, help companies plan the transition to a decarbonised economic model, 
and help shift investments where they are most needed. Reporting is not mandatory for 
Atlantica, but we have decided to voluntary provide revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and capex 
information from our business activities. 

The table below summarises the percentage of our activities that are considered Eligible 
and Aligned to the European Union Taxonomy: 

40 Non-GHG emissions including nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). 

113 

 
 
 
Eligible Activities1 

Aligned Activities1 

Revenue 

2022 

Adjusted EBITDA 

Capex 

Revenue 

20213 

Adjusted EBITDA 

Capex 

Revenue 

2020 

Adjusted EBITDA 

Capex 

83% 

85% 

98% 

85% 

85% 

60%4 

89% 

87% 

97%5 

78% 

81% 

97% 

81% 

80% 

60% 

85% 

83% 

97% 

Note: On January 1, 2023, the “Taxonomy Complementary Climate Delegated Act” entered into force to include among 
others, certain gas power  activities as part of the EU’s transition towards climate neutrality. The table above does not 
consider our efficient natural gas assets as taxonomy eligible nor aligned as we are currently analysing their compliance 
with the previously mentioned “Taxonomy Complementary Climate Delegated Act.” 
1  We have determined that (i) our solar and wind renewable energy plants, transmission infrastructure and water assets 
are taxonomy eligible activities, and (ii) wind and solar  renewable energy plants, and transmission infrastructure are 
taxonomy aligned activities. We are currently analysing if our (iii) geothermal asset is a taxonomy eligible and aligned 
activity, and if (iv) water assets are taxonomy aligned. 

2  Includes 2022 third-party investments, as well as other capex investments in the existing portfolio. 
3  We have revised 2021 figures following the updated 2022 classification. 
4  2021  includes  investments  in  Coso,  Vento  II,  Chile  PV2,  La  Sierpe,  Italy  PV  1,  2  and  3,  Rioglass,  and  other  capex 

investments in existing portfolio. 

5  Includes 2020 investments at Solana and Chile PV1, and other capex investments in existing portfolio. 

Water Management 

Key facts: 
✓ 4th  consecutive  year  withdrawing  less  than  60%  of  water  available  under 

existing permits 

✓ New water consumption target: reduce our water consumption per kWh of 

energy generated by 50% by 2035 from a 2020 base year 

Atlantica is committed to using water efficiently in its operations. This covers two main 
types of water use: 

1.  Power  generation  in  the  assets  that  use  cycled  water  in  the  turbine  circuit  and  in 

refrigeration processes. 

2.  Generation  of  drinking  water  for  local  communities  and  industries  through  the 

desalination of sea water. 

We are also committed to: (i) calculating and monitoring our water usage and promoting 
rational and sustainable use of water in compliance with our Environmental Policy, (ii) 
limiting  water  consumption  as  much  as  possible  and  operating  our  assets  using  an 
amount  of  water  well  below  legal  limits,  and  (iii)  continuing  to  improve  our  water 
management beyond compliance. We aim to reduce the water consumption of our plants 
over time. 

114 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We  generally  have  water  permits  at  our  assets  that  limit  total  water  withdrawals.  We 
operate our assets well below these limits.  

Risk Assessment 

Atlantica’s risk assessment includes management of water risks. These water-associated 
risks  could  be  potentially  material  to  many  of  our  generation  and  water  desalination 
assets. We refer to the TCFD section for additional details on water-related risks. 

Our local asset management teams systematically track and monitor water availability as 
a key KPI. Our internal operations team performs annual audits of our assets aimed at 
reviewing  compliance  with  our  best  practices,  identifying  and  mitigating  risks,  and 
promoting constant improvement. These audits cover a broad range of areas, including 
water management. 

Regarding regulatory changes, we have local legal teams in each geography who work 
generally  with  the  support  of  local  external  lawyers.  Our  local  internal  and  external 
lawyers are in close contact with the regulation and potential regulation changes in each 
geography. These, together with the asset managers, monitor any potential regulatory 
change.  

We  participate  in  integrated  watershed  management  initiatives  in  certain  key  asset 
locations. For example, in Spain, we (i) participate in the Drainage Commission meetings 
and in the Watershed Governing Board, (ii) have regular or as-needed meetings with the 
Hydrographic Confederations to address specific water matters. In addition, we test water 
samples at reservoirs to verify the quality of the water discharged and comply with total 
water withdrawal requirements permitted under the existing regulatory limits. 

Water Used for / in Power Generation 

Renewable Energy Assets 

Some of our renewable assets use water in their power generation process. These plants 
use  water  for  cooling  condensers  during  power  generation.  We  withdraw  fresh  water 
primarily from rivers and aquifers. The Company holds permits to withdraw water from 
these sources and adheres to regulations on water quality. The difference between water 
withdrawn  from  and  returned  to  its  source  is  our  water  consumption  which  occurs 
because of evaporation. 

We measure the water we withdraw and return using the installed water metres on the 
plants’  pumping  equipment.  The  reported  volumes  represent  the  total  readings 
measured by the water metres at all our assets without adjusting for our interest in the 
assets.  

The  water  metres  are  sealed  and  are  normally  subject  to  audit  by  the  inspector 
representing  the  local  water  authorities.  We  comply  with  the  requirements  and 
regulations of the applicable local regulatory authorities in the areas in which we operate. 
We regularly report the results of our water statistics to the local water agencies. 

We have implemented initiatives to reduce our water consumption. For example, we have 
installed  an  air-dry  cooling  system,  instead  of  cooling  towers,  to  refrigerate  the 
condensers at one of our plants.  

115 

 
 
 
Efficient Natural Gas Plant 

The  ACT  plant  is  an  efficient  natural  gas cogeneration  facility with a  rated  capacity  of 
approximately 300 MW and between 550 and 800 metric tonnes per hour of steam. ACT 
produces electricity and steam. 

The water necessary to operate the plant is withdrawn and supplied by our client. The 
water  received  is  transformed  to  high  pressure  steam  through  heat  recovery  steam 
generators and delivered back to the client. 

The  following  charts  set  out  water  management  KPIs  for  power  generation  assets  for 
2020, 2021 and 2022:  

Water Withdrawal Breakdown by Sources of 
Water 

Water Discharges 

11.8

11.9

10.5

5.5

5.5

5.8

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

l

a
w
a
r
d
h
t
i

w

r
e
t
a
w
3

m

f
o

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

4

3

2

1

0

s
e
g
r
a
h
c
s
i
d
r
e
t
a
w
3

m

f
o

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

2.3

2.2

2.1

2020

2021

2022

Ground Water

Surface Water

2020

2021

2022

Water Withdrawal and Discharges per MWh 

Water Withdrawal vs. % of Water Available 
Under Water Permits 

1.58

1.56

1.42

h
W
M

r
e
p
3
m

2

2

1

1

0

0.21

0.21

0.17

l

a
w
a
r
d
h
t
i

w

r
e
t
a
w
3
m

f
o

s
n
o

i
l
l
i

m

20

16

12

8

4

0

51%

43%

44%

60%

50%

40%

16.0

17.3

17.7

30%

20%

10%

Withdrawals

Discharges

2020

2021

2022

2020

2021

2022

Percentage of available water not used

Source:  In-house.  We  have  revised  2021  water  withdrawal  breakdown  by  sources  of  water  following  the 

116 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
updated 2022 classification (i.e., we have reclassified 0.1 million of m3 water withdrawal to ground water). 

Water Withdrawal and Discharges in millions of m3 

Withdrawal

2022

2021

2020

Discharges

Renewabl
e Energy 
Assets 

2.1

2.3

2.2

12.1

12.4

10.7

0

2

4

8
6
millions of m3

10

12

14

In 2022, water withdrawal decreased mainly due to the lower production at our solar 
assets in Spain. 

Efficient 
Natural 
Gas Plant 
(ACT) 

Withdrawal

2022

2021

2020

Discharges

0.0

0.0

0.0

0

5.6

4.9

5.3

2

4

millions of m3

6

At ACT, water received is transformed to high pressure steam through heat recovery 
steam generators and delivered back to our client. In 2022, water withdrawn was 0.7 
million cubic metres higher because of higher production per the client request, which 
resulted in higher water withdrawal. 

In 2022 and 2021, we had nine power generation assets located in extremely high or high 
baseline  water  stress  areas  as  classified  by  the  World  Resources  Institute’s  (WRI) 
Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas Tool. 

117 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Extremely High or High Baseline Water Stress Areas of our Generating Assets 

Generating Asset 

Technology 

Geography 

Helioenergy 
Helios 
PS 
Solacor 
Solnova 
Solaben 
Mojave 
Solana 
Coso 

Solar 
Solar 
Solar 
Solar 
Solar 
Solar 
Solar 
Solar 
Geothermal 

EMEA 
EMEA 
EMEA 
EMEA 
EMEA 
EMEA 
North America 
North America 
North America  

Baseline Water Stress 
Areas 
Extremely High 
Extremely High 
Extremely High 
Extremely High 
Extremely High 
High 
High 
High 
High 

Note: we have excluded solar PV assets as these consume minimum amounts of water.  

The following table breaks down total water withdrawal by source and water stress areas 
for our power generation assets. 

Withdrawal by Water Source in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

2022 

2021 

2020 

In millions of m3 

All areas 

Surface water 
Fresh water 
Other water 
Groundwater 

Fresh water 
Other water 

Third-party water2 

Fresh water 
Other water 

Produced Water 

Fresh water 
Other water 
Total power 
generation 

6.3 
5.1 
1.2 
5.8 

0.2 
5.6 

5.6 

5.6 
- 

- 

- 
- 

Water 
stress 
areas1 
6.2 
5.0 
1.2 
5.8 

0.2 
5.6 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

All areas  

6.9 
5.7 
1.2 
5.5 

- 
5.5 

4.9 

4.9 
- 

- 

- 
- 

Water 
stress 
areas 
6.8 
5.6 
1.2 
5.5 

- 
5.5 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

All areas  

5.1 
4.0 
1.1 
5.6 

- 
5.6 

5.3 

5.3 
- 

- 

- 
- 

Water 
stress 
areas  
5.0 
3.9 
1.1 
5.6 

- 
5.6 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

17.7 

12.0 

17.3 

12.3 

16.0 

10.6 

1  Water stress areas classification according to 2022 Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas. 
2  Third-party water corresponds to surface water withdrawn and supplied by our client. 

All  water  withdrawals  intended  for  use  in  power  generation  are  generally  strictly 
regulated  by  government  authorities,  which  issue  the  permits  and  determine  the 
maximum permitted withdrawal volumes, to ensure that no significant negative effects 
occur.  

After  use  in  cooling  and  other  auxiliary  processes,  approximately  19%  of  the  water 
withdrawn at solar facilities is returned to the environment. At ACT, the water we receive 
from our offtaker is transformed into high pressure steam through heat recovery steam 
generators and delivered back to the client.  

The following table breaks down total water discharge by source and water stress areas 
for our power generation assets. 

118 

 
 
 
 
 
Discharge by Water Source in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

2022 

2021 

2020 

In millions of m3 

All areas 

Water 
stress 
areas1 
1.8 
1.4 
0.4 
0.2 

- 
0.2 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

All areas  

2.2 
1.7 
0.5 
0.2 

- 
0.2 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

Water 
stress 
areas 
2.1 
1.6 
0.5 
0.2 

- 
0.2 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

All areas  

2.0 
1.6 
0.4 
0.2 

- 
0.2 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

Water 
stress 
areas 
1.9 
1.5 
0.4 
0.2 

- 
0.2 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

2.1 

2.0 

2.3 

2.3 

2.2 

2.1 

1  Water stress areas classification according to 2022 Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas. 

The  water  discharged  to  the  environment  is  reused,  without  affecting  the  natural 
environment.  

The following table details total water consumption at generating assets, considered as 
the difference between total water withdrawal and water discharged. 

Consumption by Water Source in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

2022 

2021 

2020 

In millions of m3 

All areas 

Surface water 
Fresh water 
Other water 
Groundwater 

Fresh water 
Other water 

Third-party water 

Fresh water 
Other water 

Produced Water 

Fresh water 
Other water 
Total power 
generation 

Surface water 
Fresh water 
Other water 
Groundwater 

Fresh water 
Other water 

Third-party water 

Fresh water 
Other water 

Produced water 

Fresh water 
Other water 
Total power 
generation 

1.9 
1.5 
0.4 
0.2 

- 
0.2 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

4.4 
3.6 
0.8 
5.6 

0.2 
5.4 

5.6 

5.5 
- 

- 

- 
- 

Water 
stress 
areas1 
4.4 
3.6 
0.8 
5.6 

0.2 
5.4 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

All areas  

4.7 
4.1 
0.7 
5.4 

0.1 
5.3 

4.9 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

Water 
stress 
areas 
4.7 
4.0 
0.7 
5.4 

0.1 
5.3 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

All areas  

3.1 
2.4 
0.7 
5.4 

- 
5.4 

5.3 

5.3 
- 

- 

- 
- 

Water 
stress 
areas 
3.1 
2.4 
0.7 
5.4 

- 
5.4 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

15.6 

10.0 

15.0 

10.1 

13.8 

8.5 

1 Water stress areas classification according to 2022 Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas. 

Water used in Water Desalination 

Some parts of the world are suffering from ongoing drought which, combined with a 
water supply that is unfit for human consumption, can foster disease and death. Water 
scarcity also affects food production. The desalination of sea water provides a climate-

119 

 
 
 
 
independent source of drinking water.  

We  withdraw  sea  water  for  desalination  as  specified  in  the  agreements  for  our 
investments in three desalination plants. 

In 2022, we withdrew 280.1 million cubic metres of sea water, from which we removed 
salt  and  minerals  during  the  desalination  process  at  our  water  treatment  facilities  to 
prepare it for human consumption. The difference between water withdrawn from and 
returned  to  the  sea  is  the  desalinated  potable  water  delivered  to  the  water  utility,  as 
specified by our take-or-pay agreements for the consumption needs of approximately 3 
million people. In 2022, we produced 123.3 million cubic metres of desalinated water and 
returned 156.8 million cubic metres (56%) back to the sea.  

We invest in three water assets that are located in extremely high or high baseline water 
stress areas as classified by the WRI Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas Tool. 

Extremely High or High Baseline Water Stress Areas of our Water Desalination 
Assets 

Water Desalination 
Asset 

Honaine 
Tenes 
Skikda 

Technology 

Geography 

Water desalination 
Water desalination 
Water desalination 

EMEA 
EMEA 
EMEA 

Baseline Water Stress 
Areas 
Extremely High 
Extremely high 
Medium-High 

Water Withdrawal, Desalinated Potable Water Production and Discharges in 2022, 
2021 and 2020 

In millions of cubic metres 

Water (seawater) withdrawal 
Desalinated potable water production 
Water discharges (returned to the sea) 

2022 
280.1 
123.3 
156.8 

2021 
284.7 
115.7 
169.0 

2020 
211.0 
92.3 
118.7 

Note:  We  have  revised  2020  and  2021  figures  following  the  updated  2022  classification  (i.e.,  account  for 
water  at  Honaine,  a  non-controlling  investment,  based  on  our  percentage  of  economic  interest  in  the 
project). 

100% of water withdrawn in 2022, 2021 and 2020 is seawater that does not affect water 
stress areas. 

120 

 
 
 
 
Waste Management 

The Company’s assets produce two main types of waste, hazardous and non-hazardous. 
Our processes generate hazardous waste through the use of chemical products. Waste 
that does not contain substances that are potentially harmful to human health or the 
environment is defined as non-hazardous waste.  

Atlantica is committed to reducing waste and has a comprehensive waste management 
system with controls in place. In 2022 we continued to implement new initiatives that 
improved our leak prevention capabilities. We also provided enhanced employee waste-
related training, updated our leaks procedure with best practices and insights gained, 
and identified new recycling and reuse initiatives. 

In the U.S., where some of our largest solar assets are located, we have an environmental 
management  plan  to  minimise  our  waste  impact  based  on  these  four  principles:  (1) 
Reduce, (2) Reuse, (3) Recycle, and (4) Replace. For example, at Mojave, one of our solar 
U.S.  assets,  the  company  provided  re-usable  utensils  to  the  employees  to  encourage 
them  to  use  fewer  plastic  utensils  during  2022.  In  2021,  the  company  had  previously 
improved the water treatment plant process and its recycling programme (sorting metals 
between steel and stainless steel). 

Tonnes of Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Waste in 2020, 2021 and 2022 

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

e
t
s
a
W

f
o
s
e
n
n
o
T

23,142

22,238

20,532

2,679

2,664

1,908

Non-hazardous

Hazardous

2020

2021

2022

121 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Hazardous Waste 

Non-hazardous waste corresponds mainly to the wastewater41 from treatment plants 
and the reuse of wastewater before discharge. The increase in non-hazardous waste in 
2022 is mainly driven by the inclusion of Rioglass in our waste indicators. Rioglass is a 
supplier of spare parts and services to the solar industry that we acquired in 2021. 

Hazardous Waste 

Hazardous waste is reused, recycled or disposed. 

Hazardous Waste Reused, Recycled or Disposed in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

49%

51%

2020

Hazardous Waste

70%

30%

2021

39%

61%

2022

Diverted from Disposal

Directed to Disposal

Note: Diverted from disposal refers to reused or recycled waste, and directed to disposal refers to waste 
disposed. 

Non-Hazardous Waste

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

39%

61%

2020

28%

72%

2021

36%

64%

2022

Diverted from Disposal

Directed to Disposal

Environmental Compliance  

We  promote  the  highest  environmental  standards  and  a  culture  of  continuous 
improvement to minimise our environmental risks. Among others, we: (i) have certified 
our  environmental  management  system  (EMS)  under  ISO  14001,  (ii)  regularly  monitor 
environmental  KPIs,  (iii) perform  annual  environmental  audits  on  our  assets  to  ensure 
compliance with our best practices, identifying and mitigating risks, and sharing lessons 

41 Wastewater treatment is the process of improving the quality of wastewater and converting it into an effluent that can 
be either returned to the nature or incorporated to the water cycle with minimum environmental issues or that can  be 
reused. 

122 

 
 
 
 
 
learnt to promote continuous improvement, (iv) have an ERP-software that enables us to 
have  strict  control  over  our  assets,  (v)  have  in-house  legal  and  compliance  teams 
supervising  compliance  with  contractual  and  existing  and/or  new  regulation 
requirements,  and  (vi)  provide  regular  environmental  training  to  our  employees  and 
contractors working at our plants. 

In 2022, we had one instance of non-compliance that was resolved with an immaterial 
sanction ($0.8 thousand). 

In 2021, we had one instance of non-compliance that was resolved without sanction, two 
that were resolved with an immaterial sanction ($7 thousand). In 2020, we received an 
approximately $64 thousand sanction related to an environmental accident that occurred 
in 2019 at one of our assets in Spain, and an approximately $800 sanction related to a 
missing semi-annual report in North America. We undertook all necessary measures to 
minimise  their  impact,  informed  public  authorities,  performed  a  root-cause  analysis, 
implemented  corrective  actions  to  remediate  contaminated  soils,  thus  reducing  the 
impact and, internally shared the insights gained.  

Number of Accidents by 
Category 

Volume of Spills 

Fines and Penalties 

Severity 

Moderate 

High 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Litres 

2022 

2021 

2020 

USD ‘000s 

2022 

2021 

2020 

8 

0 

9 

11 

7 

2 

Amount 
of spills  

4,146 

2,829 

31,559 

Fines and 
penalties2 

1 

7 

65 

1  In 2021, the high severity accident corresponds to Monterrey, an associate where we do not have control. 
2  The fines and penalties paid vary  from year-to-year depending on  the nature of the violation and the timing of its 

resolution. 

The volume of spills increased in 2022 compared to 2021 mainly due to one heat transfer 
fluid spill and one chemical spill of approximately 1,000 litres each at two solar plants in 
Spain. These spills are included in waste indicators in the year when the fluid is removed. 

We consider all environmental fines and penalties over the period 2020-2022 to be non-
material. 

123 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Biodiversity 

Key facts:  

✓ Proactive approach to protect flora and fauna close to our assets 

The protection of the ecosystem is a critical issue for global sustainability; we intend to 
promote its conservation as an essential means for environmental, economic and social 
progress. 

We are aware that our assets can cause interactions with various ecosystems, landscapes 
and species. The Company therefore commits to promoting biodiversity, allowing balan-
ced co-existence, and conserving, protecting and promoting the natural ecosystem. 

Our commitment includes having “no net loss” or impacts on biodiversity conservation 
in the areas where we operate, minimizing deforestation in all our operational activities 
and selecting suppliers taking into consideration the biodiversity impact of their products 
or services. We seek to avoid operational activities in close proximity to World Heritage 
areas and IUCN Category I-IV protected areas.  

We also have various tools to help manage our biodiversity matters: 

-  Strict  control  of  GHG  and  non-GHG  emissions,  water,  and  hazardous  and  non-
hazardous waste. We expect our measures to reduce emissions, water consumption 
and waste, to minimise biodiversity impacts. 

-  Quality and environmental management systems certified under ISO 9001 and 14001, 

respectively. 

-  Existing consultation guidelines with local communities that enable us to identify and 
manage  local  stakeholders  and  communities  of  interest,  including  potential 
biodiversity matters. 

-  Asset managers and the compliance, internal audit and legal corporate teams who 
regularly supervise asset contractual obligations, including biodiversity covenants. 
-  Geographic Committees are held once a month between Geographic VPs and heads 

of several corporate functions to update and discuss key asset matters. 

Some of our solar plants are close to protected areas, while two of our transmission lines 
cross some areas that are also considered protected. 

124 

 
 
 
Asset 

Location 

Technology 

Size 

Helios 1 & 2 

Solnovas 1 & 
3 & 4 and 
Solaben 2 & 
3, 1 & 6 

ATN 

Palmucho 

Near  a  protected  area: 
“Tablas de Daimiel” 

Solar 
Generation 

Near zones of special 
protection for birds 

Solar 
Generation 

2x50M
W 

3x50M
W 
4x50M
W 

Type of 
Biodiversity 

Listing of 
Protecting status 

Wetland  National Park 

Birds 

Zones of Special 
Protection of birds 
as per Spanish 
Government 

Our transmission lines 
cross three zones:  
(1) National Reserve 
Junin,  
(2) National Park 
Huascaran,  
(3) Hunt reserve 
Sunchubamba 
Our transmission line 
crosses the National 
Reserve Altos de 
Pemehue 

Transmission 
Line 

379 
miles in 
total 

Terrestrial 

(1) National Reserve  
(2) National Park  
(3) Hunt reserve  

Transmission 
Line 

2 miles  Terrestrial  National Reserve 

We apply the mitigation hierarchy42 in our environmental impact assessments to achieve 
biodiversity “no net loss”. In our sector, environmental impact assessments are typically 
prepared  in  the  design  and  construction  stages,  where  opportunities  for  impact 
avoidance are far greater as siting and design may be influenced. During 2022 most of 
our assets were in operation and we had three solar projects under construction. In these 
projects, for example, alternatives were analysed to avoid placing new infrastructure in 
protected areas or areas with a high biodiversity value. During the construction process, 
we  comply  with  permitting,  law  and  regulation  in-place,  and  seek  to  minimise  the 
environmental impacts to be as low as possible, as well as restoring affected areas. 

In  addition,  typical  potential  biodiversity  impacts  caused  by  solar  assets  under 
development or construction include (i) habitat loss through clearance or displacement, 
(ii) barrier effects, (iii) pollution, (iv) habitat degradation, and (v) introduction of invasive 
alien species. 

Typical  potential  biodiversity  impacts  caused  by  operational  renewable  energy  assets 
include:  (1)  solar  assets  (i)  barrier  effects  (assets  occupying  large  landscapes  and/or 
fences  acting  as  a  barrier),  (ii)  pollution  (dust,  light,  noise  and  vibration,  solid/liquid 
waste), (iii) habitat degradation due to changes in hydrology and water availability and 
quality, (iv) wildlife mortality due to attraction to evaporation ponds, (v) bird collisions 
(with solar panels), and bird mortality, (2) wind assets (i) barrier effects (assets occupying 

42 The mitigation hierarchy is comprised of a sequence of four steps: (a) Avoidance, (b) Minimisation, (c) Restoration, and 
(d) Offsets. 

a)  Avoidance:  Measures  taken  to  anticipate  and  prevent  the  creation  of  impacts.  For  avoidance  to  be  effective, 
biodiversity risks need to be identified early in the project planning stages. It is the most important step of the 
mitigation hierarchy. 

b)  Minimisation: Measures taken to reduce the duration, intensity and/or extent of impacts that cannot be completely 

avoided, as far as is practically feasible. Typically undertaken either in the construction or operational stages. 
c)  Restoration: Measures aimed at repairing specific biodiversity features or ecosystem services damaged by project 
impacts  that  could  not  be  completely  avoided  or  minimised.  Typically  undertaken  during  construction  or 
decommissioning. 

d)  Offset: Measures taken to compensate for significant adverse residual impacts.  

125 

 
 
 
large landscapes and/or fences acting as a barrier), (ii) pollution (dust, light, noise and 
vibration,  solid/liquid  waste),  and  (iii)  bird  and  bat  collisions  with  turbine  blades,  (3) 
geothermal assets (i) noise and sight pollution, (ii) gas emissions. 

We  have  implemented  controls  aligned  with  the  mitigation  hierarchy  approach  to 
minimise our potential biodiversity impacts. 

Project  
Phase 

Mitigation 
Hierarchy 

Construction 
and 
operational 
phase 

Minimisation 

Controls 

-  Abatement controls: steps taken to reduce levels of pollutants (e.g. light, 
noise, gases or liquids) that could have negative biodiversity impacts.  
-  Operational controls: measures taken to manage and regulate the actions 

of people, including project employees and contractors.  

-  Physical controls: adapting the physical design of project infrastructure 

to reduce potential impacts. 

Some specific examples during the operational phase include: 

Technology 

Control 

Measure 

Receptor 

Description 

Solar 

Physical 

Modify security 
fencing to 
minimise barrier 
effects 

Small- and 
medium- 
sized 
animals 

Solar 

Abatement 

Reduce water 
use 

General 

Modifications to fencing to facilitate 
animal movement 

Employ dry instead of wet cooling and 
cleaning technologies at some solar 
assets, such as air cooling (dry cooling 
and cleaning) 

Solar 

Physical 

Wind 

Physical 

Prevent 
drowning or 
poisoning of 
wildlife 
Reduce collision 
risk 

All wildlife 

Fencing to keep wildlife away from 
ponds 

Birds 

Shutdown wind turbines on demand 

At Atlantica, we also consider reforestation as a measure to improve flora and fauna in 
those geographies where we operate. 

Our summarised biodiversity strategy by geography is: 

Protection of Fauna 






-

Strategic Areas  
Protection and 
Management of 
Vegetation 


- 




Protection of Impacts 
to Water 


-
- 

-
- 

U.S. 
Colombia 
Uruguay 
Spain 
Italy 
Argelia 

2022 key biodiversity initiatives by technology and geography were: 

126 

 
 
 
 
Solar Assets 

United States  

At  Mojave,  we  continue  to  monitor  and  survey  the  protected  Mojave  desert  tortoise, 
gopherus  agassizii,  golden  eagle,  burrowing  owl,  american  badger,  desert  fox  and 
Mojave  ground  squirrel.  For  example,  the  plant  has  a  desert  tortoise  exclusion  fence 
clearance  survey  and  translocation  plan.  These  conditions  were  established  by  the 
California Energy Commission (CEC) for the approval of the Mojave solar plant. In 2022, 
we invested $34 thousand to repair one of the tortoise guards on Harper Lake Road to 
assure safety of the tortoises.  

We  have  also  set  up  measures  to  protect  birds  and  animals  from  potential  damage 
caused by our evaporation ponds, if they drank evaporated pond water, which is high in 
salt  minerals.  We  hired  third  party  biologists  and  environmental  specialists  to 
continuously  study  the behaviour  of  local  and migrating  birds  and  animals  to  protect 
them  by  actively  deterring  them  from  the  evaporation  ponds.  We  use  various  avian 
deterrents  approved  by the  CEC.  Among  these  deterrents  are  the  emissions  of noises 
resembling their predators, water spraying, and “eagle eyes”. We also installed two nets 
at the cooling tower at our facility in Mojave. These nets follow recommendations of and 
have  been  approved  by  the  California  Energy  Commission  (CEC)  and  are  part  of  our 
commitment to avoid bird fatalities at the plant. Our specialists continue to identify ways 
to protect birds and animals, and always do so in coordination with the CEC. According 
to  our  approved  Bird  Monitoring  Study  that  complies  with  condition  BIO-17,  we 
continuously monitor bird life at and around the Mojave project, survey collected dead 
birds and transfer bird carcasses found to local authorities within the surrounding area 
of  the  plant  for  further  autopsies  to  determine  cause  of  death.  We  have  not  had  any 
violations or non-compliance in this respect in the past three years. 

Currently one evaporation pond is netted and the three remaining ponds are scheduled 
to be completed in 2023. In addition, we continue to support the “Wetland and Wildlife 
Care Centre” programme, a non-profit organisation that takes care of the rehabilitation 
and release of native wildlife. We consider this sponsorship very important as they treat 
any injured wildlife we might bring to them, which in some cases are species considered 
to be endangered. 

At our Solana plant in Arizona, we continue to control the flora and fauna of the natural 
wash  area  located  north  of  our  solar  plant.  We annually  send approximately 477-acre 
feet of water to the Bull Durham Wash as a minimisation action after the nearby farmland 
changed  to  industrial  use.  By  doing  so,  many  birds  are  now  stopping  in  this  wash  as 
opposed to our evaporation ponds while minimizing the impact of industrial farmland 
located close-by. 

Bull Durham Wash 

Evaporation pond net 

Tortoise guard on Harper Lake Road 

127 

 
 
 
 
 
At  our  Coso  geothermal  facility,  we  perform  quadrennial  studies  on  the  endangered 
Mojave  Ground  Squirrel.  This  includes  trapping  and  tagging  the  local  population  for 
monitoring purposes, and production of reports to document findings. Also, although 
the  Coso  area  has  not  been  designated  as  a  desert  tortoise  habitat,  all  personnel  are 
trained  to  address  tortoise  encounters  in  the  unlikely  event  they  occur.  Additionally, 
studies are performed to monitor any potential impact due to the cooling tower drift on 
the vegetation or wildlife near the facility. 

Colombia 

In  2022,  prior  to  the  start  of  the  construction  of  La  Tolua  and  Tierra  Linda  solar  PV 
projects,  a  fauna  and  flora  relocation  programme  was  carried  out  following  all  legal 
requirements. The programme aimed to relocate the animals and plants to areas with 
conditions identical to those found in their natural habitats.  

Spain 

In  2022,  we  continued  to  deliver  on  our  reforestation  programme  in  Spain.  The  main 
initiatives include: 
-  We  planted  460  holm  oaks  close  to  one  of  our  solar  plants  amounting  to  an 

investment of $40 thousand.  

-  Reforestation  of  approximately  45  hectares  with  8,800  holm  oaks,  4,500  quercus 

coccifera and small plants. Total investment amounted to $110 thousand. 

New reforestation area

Planting of holm oaks  

In  addition,  we  continued  to  carry  out  maintenance  actions  on  the  more  than  220 
hectares (540 acres) already planted. 

Furthermore, we continued to collaborate with local administrations in Spain to protect 
species,  including  vultures  (aegypius  monachus),  eagles  (aquila  adalberti)  and  other 
steppe  birds  settled  close  to  our  plants.  We  donated  approximately  $80  thousand  to 
provide  food  and  participated  in  the  census  and  monitoring  of  these  birds  aimed  at 
locating the birds’ nesting areas on private agricultural land.  

128 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Monitoring of bird populations 

Vultures feeding area 

Planting of oleaginous plants  

Eagle’s nest 

Italy 

None of our solar PV assets in Italy are close to protected areas. We have put voluntary 
biodiversity initiatives in-place including: (i) vegetation control activities without using 
pesticides,  and  (ii)  security  fences  that  facilitate  animal  movement,  thus  minimizing 
barrier effects.  

Vegetation close to our assets under control 

Wind Assets 

Uruguay 

We constantly monitor and report on the impact of spinning blades on local species of 
birds at our three wind farms in Uruguay. The scientific monitoring studies are performed 
by  independent  biodiversity  consultants  contracted  by  our  projects.  Studies  cover  a 
census of birds to analyse bird mortality and monitor the protected birds, including the 
black-chested  buzzard-eagle  (Geranoaetus  melanoleucus),  the  loica  pampeana,  the 
black-and-white  monjita  (xolmis  dominicanus),  and  the  straight-billed  reedhaunter 
(limnoctites rectirostris). 

At  Cadonal  and  Palmatir,  we  have  implemented  an  enhanced  monitoring  system  to 
manage and mitigate the mortality of endangered species. In particular, we have an alarm 

129 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
protocol  to  shutdown  selective  turbines  on  demand  to  minimise  the  black-chested 
buzzard-eagle’s risk of collision with spinning blades. 

Summarised Protocol 

Alarm level 

Black-chested buzzard-eagle at risk 

Procedure 

Red 

Orange 

Yellow 

Green 

flying  <300 

Black-chested  buzzard-eagle 
metres away from wind turbines. 
Black-chested  buzzard-eagle  flying  between 
300 and 500 metres away from wind turbines. 
Black-chested  buzzard-eagle 
flying  >500 
metres  away  from  wind  turbines  and  within 
the wind farm perimeter. 
Black-chested  buzzard-eagle  is  no  longer  at 
risk. It is >500 metres away from wind turbines 
and outside the wind farm perimeter. 

Immediate turbine(s) shutdown. 

Prepare turbine(s) shutdown. 

On-hold. 

No further action required.  

Note 1: Different alarm levels can be triggered consecutively.  
Note 2: Employees receive specific training to correctly identify black-chested buzzard-eagle vs. other similar 
birds. 
In 2022, 2021 and 2020, we did not record any black-chested buzzard-eagle mortal event 
caused by collisions with wind turbines. 

On  a  yearly  basis,  Atlantica  develops  its  biodiversity  plan  in  accordance  with  the 
Environmental  Operation  Management  Plan  (PGAO).  The  plan  is  approved  by  the 
National Environmental Governmental Agency (DINAMA). 

Moorish Eagle 

Moorish Eagle and Pampas Loica 

Water Desalination Assets 

In May 2022, along with local associations and authorities, we organised the clean-up of 
two  beaches  close  to  our  desalination  plants.  Many  volunteers  participated  in  the 
initiative, including families with children of different ages, and we took advantage of the 
event to raise awareness about the importance of clean coasts for the conservation of 
marine species. 

Beach clean-up 

130 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Social Sustainability 

Human Rights 

We are committed to conducting our business in a manner that respects the rights and 
dignity of our employees and those linked to our activities, including our supply chain. 
We respect internationally recognised human rights, as set out in the International Bill of 
Human  Rights,  the 
International  Labour  Organisation´s  (ILO)  Declaration  Core 
Conventions and the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Multinational Enterprises.  

Labour practices at Atlantica, including our employees and directors, are governed by 
our Human Rights Policy. This Policy aims to ensure respect for human rights in all our 
day-to-day  activities  –  regardless  of  local  practices  -,  implementing  the  commitments 
defined by our policies and international reference standards, directives and conventions, 
and establishing the procedures to ensure compliance with them. 

We  also  have  a  Code  of  Conduct,  Supplier  Code  of  Conduct,  Corporate  Governance 
Guidelines and an Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Policy to identify and mitigate any 
type of violations of human rights that are linked to our operations, products or services 
and by our business relationships. These documents include specific sections on integrity, 
dignity, health and safety and labour practices (including those of our suppliers), equal 
opportunities,  non-discrimination,  environmental  protection  (including  environmental 
accidents  that  could  affect  our  employees  or  subcontractors’  employees  and/or  local 
communities), cybersecurity and data protection. 

In addition, we have a Diversity and Inclusion Policy to formalise our zero tolerance to 
discrimination  against  anyone  based  on  any  personal  characteristic,  such  as  ethnic 
background, culture, religion, age, disability, gender, marital status, sexual orientation, 
union  membership,  political  affiliation,  health,  disability,  pregnancy,  or  any  other 
characteristic  protected  by  law.  We  provide  equal  opportunities  to  all  employees, 
including supportive and understanding workplace environments where employees feel 
welcomed,  respected  and  listened  to,  and  where  they  can  realise  their  full  potential 
regardless of their race, colour, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, nationality, or disability. We 
seek to provide a climate of confidence where employees can raise issues. Any behaviour 
which is not acceptable must be reported through the Ethical Mailbox that Atlantica has 
established to report any kind of abuse.  

Furthermore, we acknowledge the rights of workers to collectively bargain the terms and 
conditions  of  work  as  defined  by  international  reference  standards,  directives  and 
conventions. Collective bargaining refers to all negotiations which take place between 
the employer on the one hand, and one or more workers’ organisations (trade unions), 
on  the  other,  for  determining  working  conditions  and  terms  of  employment  or  for 
regulating  relations  between  employers  and  workers.  Additional  information  on 
collective bargaining is disclosed in the People and Culture section. 

Atlantica’s  management  has  implemented  different  measures  to  identify,  assess  and 
mitigate potential human rights-related risks. These include: 

131 

 
 
 
-  An  Internal  Compliance  team  that  reviews  human  rights-related  matters  as  part  of 
their  annual  due  diligence  activities.  The  compliance  team  is  responsible  for 
monitoring that human rights are internally respected, providing human rights related 
training to our employees, and assessing the supply chain across the jurisdictions in 
which  we  operate  to  identify  any  potential  breach.  Additional  information  on 
compliance  training  is  disclosed  in  the  Business  Ethics  section.  Information  on  our 
supply chain is disclosed in the Anti Modern Slavery & Human Trafficking Statement 
and in the Supply Chain Management Section, both part of the Strategic Report. 
-  A Code of Conduct that sets forth on working with third parties who operate under 
principles  that  are  similar  to  those  set  out  in  the  Code  of  Conduct.  Additional 
information on our Code of Conduct is disclosed in the Business Ethics section. 

-  A Supplier Code of Conduct to which our suppliers must adhere to and which includes 
human rights and labour standard principles. Additional information on our Supplier 
Code of Conduct is disclosed in the Supply Chain Management section. 
Internal  and  external  due  diligence  processes  for  new  suppliers.  Additional 
information is disclosed in the Supply Chain Management section. 

- 

-  Regular internal and external audits to review compliance with data protection rules 
and  regulations.  Additional  information  is  disclosed  in  the  Cybersecurity  and  Data 
Privacy section. 

-  A Corporate Operations team that audits health and safety procedures at the asset 
level,  as  well as  operational  and  environmental  performance  to  implement  insights 
gained and best practices. Additional information is provided on the Health and Safety 
Asset Management sections.  

-  An Investment Committee that reviews, as part of its due diligence when acquiring 
new assets, that the asset and/or the potential investment partner have not had any 
human rights incidents or sanctions. 

-  A  Head  of  Risk  Management  who  reviews  risk management  processes, procedures 
and  tools  implemented  by  the  Company,  including  human  rights-related  risks 
affecting  our  operating  portfolio  as  well  as  assets  under  development  or  under 
construction. Atlantica’s Risk Map is reviewed  by the Risk Management Committee 
and presented to the Board on a quarterly basis. Additional information on our risk 
management function is disclosed in the Sustainability Governance section. 

-  Rights  of  local  communities.  Our  Geographic  VPs  and  local  asset  managers  lead 
community 
their 
development. Additional information on local communities is disclosed in the Local 
Communities section. 

including  monitoring  community  matters  and 

relations, 

-  Tolerating  no  salary  discrimination  for  any  reason,  including  gender.  Different 
employees, including men and women in a similar position, can have different salaries 
based  on  the  results  of  their  performance  evaluations.  Additional  information  on 
gender equality is disclosed in the People and Culture section. 

-  Reporting our “Communication-On-Progress” on our commitment to the Sustainable 
Development  Goal  (SDG)  Nº8  (Decent  Work  and  Economic  Progress)  through  this 
Integrated  Annual  Report  and  directly  through  the  United  Nations  webpage. 
Additional information on our commitment to SDGs is disclosed in the United Nations 
Global Compact (UNGC) section. 

-  Proposing changes to the Compliance and ESG-related policies to the Board, as well 
as maintaining our internal processes and procedures aligned with best practices. 

132 

 
 
-  Providing  communication  channels  to  report  any  misconduct  or  instances  of  non-
compliance  with  human  rights.  These  include  the  whistleblower  channel  and  the 
compliance channel. We have implemented several initiatives to encourage their use. 
Additional information on our communication channels is disclosed in the Business 
Ethics section. 

In addition, we have partners at some of our assets. In some cases, such as at Solacor 1 
&  2,  Solaben  2 & 3,  Seville  PV,  Kaxu,  Skikda,  Tenes  and  Chile PV 1,  2 and  3, we  have 
control over the asset. In other cases, such as Honaine, Monterrey or Vento II, we do not 
manage the projects’ day-to-day operations. As an example, our partner at Vento II is 
EDP Renewables (EDPR), a company with ethical standards similar to those set out in our 
Code  of  Conduct. In  any  case,  our  Geographic  VPs  maintain  regular  engagement  and 
dialogue  with  our  partners.  To  the  extent  possible,  considering  Atlantica’s  ownership 
interest, we try to introduce our business ethics practices, including our human rights-
related practices, in affiliates where we do not have control.  

We confirm that no human rights incidents were reported or identified during 2022, 2021 
or 2020.  

We plan to continue analysing, implementing and reporting initiatives to improve our 
human rights procedures going forward. 

Anti-Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement 

In  May  2022  our  Board  of  Directors  amended  and  approved  our  “U.K.  Anti-Modern 
Slavery  and  Human  Trafficking  Statement”  under  the  Modern  Slavery  Act,  2015.  The 
statement, available on www.atlantica.com, outlines the steps taken by the Company to 
address  the  risk of slavery and  human  trafficking  occurring  within  our operations and 
supply chains. 

At  Atlantica,  we  respect  internationally  recognised  human  rights,  as  set  out  in  the 
International  Bill  of  Human  Rights,  the  International  Labour  Organisation´s  (ILO) 
Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, and the OECD Due Diligence 
Guidance for Multinational Enterprises. 

We seek to identify or mitigate any type of violations of human rights that are directly or 
indirectly linked to our operations, products or services. We have a Human Rights Policy 
in-place aimed at safeguarding respect for human rights in all our day-to-day activities, 
implementing  the  commitments  defined  by  our  policies  and  international  reference 
standards,  directives  and  conventions,  and  establishing  the  procedures  to  ensure 
compliance with them.  

We  have  analysed our  supply  chains  across  the  jurisdictions  in  which we  operate  and 
most of our suppliers are suppliers of equipment and services for our assets, as well as 
financial  and  professional  services  organisations,  including  banks,  legal  advisors, 
accountants, consultants and insurers. We believe we have a robust due diligence system 
in place for the management of human rights issues. 

Measures to identify, assess and mitigate potential risks relating to respecting human 
rights  include  that  our  new  suppliers  are  subject  to  internal  due  diligence  and,  when 
applicable,  required  to  confirm  that  their  organisation  will  comply  with  our  corporate 
policies  and  our  Supplier  Code  of  Conduct  (available  at  www.atlantica.com),  which 

133 

 
 
integrity  and  ethical  standards,  human  rights  and 

includes expectations with regards to sustainable development in the following areas: 
business 
labour  standards, 
environmental  sustainability,  and  reporting  concerns  and  compliance  monitoring. 
Through  our  Supplier  Code  of  Conduct,  we  encourage  our  suppliers  to  conduct  their 
operations  respectfully  with  fundamental  human  rights,  as  affirmed  by  the  Universal 
Declaration of Human Rights. In this regard, Atlantica joined the United Nations Global 
Compact (the “UNGC”) initiative in January 2018 and formally adopted the UN Global 
Compact  Ten  Principles  in  the  fields  of  human  rights,  labour,  environment  and 
anticorruption. We are determined to make the UNGC and its principles an integral part 
of the strategy, culture and day-to-day operations of Atlantica and its suppliers. 

In  addition,  we  provide  our  employees,  shareholders  and  other  stakeholders  with  the 
whistleblower  channel  (available  at  www.atlantica.com),  a  specific  communication 
channel  with  management  and  the  governing  bodies  that  serves  as  an  instrument  to 
report  any  misconduct,  instances  of  non-compliance  with  our  compliance  policy 
framework, as well as unethical or unlawful behaviour, including any suspected or actual 
form of modern slavery taking place within the business or supply chain. 

Atlantica  has  zero  tolerance  for  modern  slavery,  and  we  confirm  that  no  incidents  of 
modern slavery were reported or identified during 2022, 2021 or 2020. 

Training  was  provided  in  2022,  2021  and  2020  to  our  employees  about  our  Code  of 
Conduct and corporate policies through our online training platform, in-person training, 
and/or  real-time  video  conferencing.  The  training  includes  specific  content  related  to 
human and labour rights, in order to promote the Human Rights Policy throughout our 
organisation. 

All  our  employees  must  annually  read,  understand,  and  commit  to  following  our 
corporate governance policies. 

Supply Chain Management 

Description of the Supply Chain 

In 2022 we engaged with approximately 2,860 suppliers across all the regions we operate 
in,  compared  to  2,57043  in  2021  and  1,200  in  2020.  The  increase  in  the  number  of 
suppliers  in  2022  compared  to  2021  was  mainly  due  to  the:  (i)  internalisation  of  the 
operation and maintenance services at part of our solar assets in Spain and at Kaxu, (ii) 
recently acquired assets in Italy, and (iii) construction activity. 

During  2022  we  had  forty-one  assets  in  operation  and  three  solar  projects  under 
construction. As we continue to increase our development and construction activities, we 
have updated our purchasing policies, processes and procedures, and hired additional 
purchasing personnel to manage a higher number of suppliers in different geographies. 
Our purchasing team is also preparing a pool of prequalified construction subcontractors 
in different geographies based on, among others, their experience, costs and health and 
safety records. 

43 We have revised the total number of suppliers in 2021 to account for those of COSO, our 135 MW installed capacity 
geothermal plant in the U.S., and Chile PV 1 and PV 2, two solar PV assets under our renewable energy platform with 95 
MW aggregated installed capacity, which were acquired in 2021. 

134 

 
 
 
We  expect  our  suppliers  to  adhere  to  our  Supplier  Code  of  Conduct.  We  include  our 
requirements in our contractual arrangements with suppliers. Understanding that some 
suppliers may face challenges in adhering to every aspect of the Code, from the onset of 
our business relationship, we pledge to work with those suppliers to help them comply. 

Our Supply Chain Strategy 

In 2022 and 2021 ~100% of our suppliers adhered to our Supplier Code of Conduct. We 
have a supply chain management strategy comprised of five priorities: 

(1)  Maintaining a resilient and agile supply chain that complies with all rules and regulations, 

including best practices set out in our Supplier Code of Conduct. 

(2)  Ensuring that the purchase of all goods, supplies, external professional services and works 
required  to  perform  our  day-to-day  activities  are  performed  in  a  timely,  efficient  and 
effective  manner.  As  such,  our  internal  general  purchasing  policy  and  standardised 
procedures are maintained and regularly updated in all our geographies. 

(3)  Maintaining a comprehensive risk management approach. We seek to reduce purchasing 
costs over time through new or existing suppliers, while minimizing the potential supply 
chain  risks  on  our  businesses  and  maintaining  ESG  standards.  As  such,  vendors  are 
evaluated  (internally  and/or  externally)  before  being  hired  and  are  regularly  reviewed 
thereafter. 

(4)  Maintaining  a  robust  information  system  that  enables  the  Purchasing  Department  to 
identify  business  needs,  in  advance,  while  being  supported  by  a  comprehensive  vendor 
database that includes a multiple-level approval system. 
Identifying and implementing international purchasing best practices. 

(5) 

Considering that “Integrity, Compliance and Safety” is our first value and prevails over 
the rest, in 2022 we provided compliance-training to all employees who are involved in 
purchasing, including anti-corruption and anti-bribery practices. We refer to the Business 
Ethics sections for further details on compliance-related training. 

Our Suppliers 

Our  Tier  1  suppliers  are those  who  directly  supply  goods,  materials  or  services  to  the 
Company. Within Tier 1 suppliers, we consider critical Tier 1 suppliers those with a total 
annual expense equal to or higher than $250 thousand. 

Our Tier 2 suppliers are those who supply goods, materials or services to our suppliers at 
the next level up in our supply chain.  

In 2022, we had 2,860 suppliers, out of which 120 were considered Critical Tier 1 suppliers. 
These represent approximately 4% of the total number of suppliers and approximately 
70% of our total purchase expense. In 2021, we had 2,570 suppliers, out of which 117 
were considered Critical Tier 1 suppliers. These represented approximately 5% of the total 
number of suppliers and approximately 60% of our total purchase expense in 2021. 

Comprehensive Risk Management Approach 

The Purchase, Compliance and Risk Management teams play a key role in establishing 
mechanisms  to  avoid  negative  impacts  from  our  suppliers:  avoid  conflicts  of  interest, 
bribery and corruption, comply with human rights and labour standards, comply with our 
occupational  health  and  safety  targets  and  work  with  environmentally  sustainable 
suppliers.  

135 

 
 
Atlantica  uses  SAP,  an  ERP  system,  to  track  suppliers  general  information,  purchase 
orders and payments. As of December 31, 2022, SAP is used at all our assets, with the 
exception of our recent investments in Colombia, Chile and Italy, and at our water assets. 
In 2022 and 2021, companies without SAP represented less than 7% and 6%, respectively, 
of our total revenue. We plan to implement SAP at recent investments during 2023. We 
believe  having  one  single  database  of  suppliers  and  one  process  for  the  entire 
organisation helps to prevent supply chain risks. 

We have several lines of defence to mitigate supply chain risks: 

Line of 
Defence 

1st line 

2nd line 

3rd line 

Measure 

Periodicity 

Responsible 

Internal pre-screening evaluation of new 
suppliers 
Manage and supervise suppliers as per 
contracts 
Identify, monitor, mitigate and report 
Company risks, including potential supply 
chain-related risks 

Always 

Always 

Compliance, Quality, Risk 
Management, Purchasing 
Asset Managers, Corporate 
Departments, Legal 

Quarterly 

Risk Management 

4th line 

External supplier evaluation  

Annually 

Third-party vendor 

5th line 

Test that supply chain activities follow our 
internal processes and procedures 

Annually 

Internal Audit 

6th line 

Supplier evaluation every three years 

Every 3 years 

Compliance, Purchasing, 
Risk Management 

1st  line  of  defence:  Atlantica’s  internal  pre-screening  evaluation  of  all  new  suppliers 
follows a 4-step process:  

-  Step  1:  Initial  supplier  evaluation  to  verify  among  others,  the  suppliers’  general 

information, bank account certificates and taxpayer identification number. 

-  Step  2:  Verify  the  suppliers’  technical  qualification  including  their  experience, 
capabilities,  management  systems  in-place  (e.g.,  ISO  9001,  14001),  as  well  as  other 
specific technical requirements.  

-  Step 3: Compliance due diligence assessment based on our internal policies, processes 
and  procedures,  including  among  others,  checking  the  supplier  adherence  to  our 
Supplier Code of Conduct44 and verifying that the supplier has no conflicts of interest 
nor corruption or bribery accusations. 

-  Step  4:  Financial  solvency  check  –  reviewed  for  services  or  products  above  $50 

thousand – undertaken by the Risk Management Department. 

1st Line of Defence in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Internal pre-screening evaluation of new suppliers  

2022 
100% 

2021 
100% 

2020 
100% 

We  identified  seven  potential  new  suppliers  that  were  disqualified  (vs.  two  in  2021) 
during the pre-screening internal approval process.  

2nd  line  of  defence:  asset  managers  at  the  operational  level  and  the  head  of  each 
Corporate Department manage their supplier activities as per the contracts. The Internal 

44 We understand that some our suppliers may face challenges in adhering to every aspect of the Code. Thus, 
we  have  set  up  minimum  Supplier  Code  of  Conduct  requirements  that  are  reviewed  by  the  Compliance 
Department on a case-by-case basis. 

136 

 
 
 
 
Legal Department, as well as external legal counsels when needed, provide support (e.g., 
drafting  and  revising  contracts,  disputes,  etc.)  to  prevent  material  adverse  impacts, 
including environmental and social impacts. In case of failure or violations of Atlantica’s 
commitments  which  have  significant  impact  on,  for  example,  environment,  human  or 
labour rights, Atlantica may terminate, suspend or revoke the contract.  

To  strengthen  our  second  line  of  defence,  align  Atlantica’s  safety  standards  to  those 
activities of our subcontractors working at our premises and prevent material adverse 
social  impacts,  we  also  have:  (1)  local  teams,  including  asset  managers,  ensuring  our 
procedures are being followed by all subcontractors working at our plants, (2) a central 
operations  team  performing  regular  health  and  safety  audits  of  subcontractors 
employees to monitor compliance with legal regulations, safety guidelines included in 
contractual  agreements,  and  our  safety  best  practices,  (3)  health  and  safety  written 
procedures,  including  emergency  response  plans  and  a  safety  app  to  be  followed  by 
subcontractors  employees,  and  (4)  training  safety  awareness  including  subcontractor 
employees. We refer to the Health and Safety section for additional information on health 
and safety. 

3rd line  of  defence:  our  corporate  Risk  Management  Department  carries  out  quarterly 
reviews of all Company risks, including those related to our supply chain. We refer to the 
Risk  and  Uncertainties  and  the  Sustainability  Governance  sections  for  additional 
disclosure on risk management. 

4th  line  of  defence:  following  a  thorough  analysis,  in  2022  we  changed  our  external 
evaluation provider to Achilles, an independent, international well-known company that 
evaluates suppliers based on: 

- 

Environment,  including  GHG  emissions,  water  and  waste  management,  energy 
consumption, biodiversity and environmental management systems. 

-  Social,  including  health  and  safety,  child  labour,  discrimination  and  harassment, 

diversity, training and investments in local communities. 

-  Governance, including corporate social responsibility, human rights, adherence to the 
United  Nations  Sustainable  Development  Goals, and  management  of  the  vendor’s 
supply chain (i.e., sub-supplier environmental and social practices). 

Achilles methodology is built on international standards including ISO 26000, the United 
Nations Global Compact and the Global Reporting Initiative reporting requirements.  

Achilles annual evaluation process includes: 
-  A  scorecard  per  supplier  with  a  zero  to  one  hundred  (0  –  100)  score,  and  medals 
(silver, gold and platinum) when applicable. The scorecards also provide guidance on 
strengths and improvement areas for each supplier. 
Engagement with suppliers to determine appropriate actions on improvement areas 
(if necessary). 

- 

4th Line of Defence in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

External supplier evaluation as a percentage of 
total annual operating expenses 

2022 

~45% 

2021 

>51% 

2020 

>51% 

We  externally  pre-screened  suppliers  representing  ~45%  of  the  Company‘s  annual 
operating expenses.  

137 

 
 
 
5th line of defence: our Internal Audit Department annually tests that our supply chain 
activities follow internal policies, procedures and processes. We refer to the Sustainability 
Governance  section  and  the  Audit  Committee  Report  for  additional  disclosure  on  the 
internal audit activities. 

6th line of defence: in 2022, we implemented a new supplier evaluation process to assess 
all  suppliers  every  three  years.  The  Compliance  team  monitors  suppliers’  activities  to 
verify that they continue to operate under the principles set out in our Supplier Code of 
Conduct. An objective and systematic analysis is performed to analyse the continuation 
of the contractual relationship. Non-compliance may result in terminating, suspending, 
or revoking the contract.  

Supply Chain Targets 

Following our commitment to supply chain management we have updated our targets: 

Target 

Internal pre-screening evaluation of new suppliers (i.e., Tier 1 suppliers)  
External supplier evaluation: review 70% of total annual operating expenses 
(i.e., Tier 1 suppliers) by 2024 year-end1 
Supplier evaluation every three years: internally review 100% of all suppliers 
every three years (first full year applying this process was in 2023) 

(1) Following third party evaluation changes in 2022 we have updated the target.  

Status 
 

On-track 

- 

Spending on Local Suppliers 

We acknowledge that our day-to-day activities have impacts on local communities. We 
foster  communities’  economic  prosperity  through  local  purchasing  and hiring  of  local 
employees. We have stakeholder and community development and involvement policies 
in-place to generate a stable and predictable business environment that enables us to 
promote local communities environmental, economic and social progress, reduce risks 
and identify opportunities. The policies are available on our website. 

We buy local whenever purchases are made to suppliers from the same country where 
the  service  or  the  material  is  used.  In  2022  and  2021,  more  than  90%  of  our  total 
purchases in the geographies where we have assets were made from local suppliers. 

Customer Management 

We  derive  our  revenue  from  selling  electricity,  electric  transmission  capacity,  water 
desalination capacity and heat. Our customers are mainly comprised of electric utilities 
and  corporations,  with  which  we  typically  have  entered  into  PPAs  with.  We  also  have 
electric  systems  and  government  owned  electricity  and  transmission  companies  as 
customers. We do not have individuals or retail clients as customers in any of our assets. 

Our  Geographic  VPs  and  local  managers  are  responsible  for  managing  customers 
relations. Considering that most of our clients are large electric utilities and corporations 
in  different  countries,  each  geography  has  implemented  its  own  procedures  and 
consultation  guidelines  to  communicate  with  customers  to  manage  their  needs 
efficiently and effectively. This usually involves physical meetings or phone calls between 
our  local  employees  and  customers.  We  have  learnt  from  our  "boots-on-the-ground" 
approach that, in addition to complying with contract obligations, we need to adapt to 
the local culture.  

138 

 
 
We have an in-house system that enables us to measure the success of our customer 
relations. We generally have a very fluid and good rapport with all our clients. We do not 
have a direct relationship with state-owned electric systems (for example, solar assets in 
Europe and wind assets in South America). Considering the limited number of offtakers 
within our portfolio, we do not have a formal customer survey in place as some integrated 
electric utilities may have.  

We also perform annual reviews with some of our clients to check that we comply with 
certain  key  areas.  In  addition,  we  have  communication  channels  to  report  any 
misconduct, irregularities or instances of non-compliance, including a whistleblower and 
a  compliance  channel,  as  detailed  in  the  Business  Ethics  section.  Furthermore,  we 
leverage  on  this  Integrated  Annual  Report,  social  media,  press  releases  and  website 
content to provide additional information to our customers. 

Customer-related  topics  are  discussed,  on  an  as-needed  basis,  in  the  Business  and 
Geographic  Committees,  allowing  senior  corporate  management  to  better  assess 
customer-related matters. 

People and Culture 

We believe that by providing a healthy working environment for our employees, and by 
enhancing  social  and  professional  development,  we  will  attract  and  retain  valuable 
employees. Employees are a core component of our present and future success. 

Our values and Code of Conduct set out what we expect of all our people. The honesty, 
integrity and sound judgement of our employees and directors is essential to Atlantica's 
reputation  and  success.  We  seek  employees  who  have  the  right  skills  and  who 
understand and embody the values and expected behaviours that guide our business 
activity. 

We perform an employee climate survey at least every three years to assess employees’ 
satisfaction. The goal is to receive feedback, as well as engage with our employees. The 
survey is confidential, managed by a third party, and results are aggregated, shared and 
discussed with supervisors. In October 2022 we carried out an employee climate survey. 
Approximately  78%  of  employees  took  part  and  the  general  engagement  with  the 
Company was 68%, compared to 77% in October 2020. This decrease was largely driven 
by  the  integration  processes  from  recently  acquired  assets.  In  2022,  Atlantica  scored 
highly  in  several  areas,  including  employees’  satisfaction  with  their  immediate 
manager/supervisor. This survey also helped us to identify certain areas for improvement. 
Management prepared action plans for those areas. The Board receives reports on the 
survey  results  together  with  action  plans  that  management  intends  to  take  moving 
forward. 

We use a platform, called Meta4 as our global system for human resources management. 
Meta4  is  accessible  to  all  Atlantica  employees.  It  is  an  interactive  tool  that  allows 
employees  to  access  and  manage  their  development,  performance  reviews,  benefits, 
compensation, work-time planning, etc.  

To improve communication with our people we have implemented several measures:  

-  Our CEO updates Atlantica’s employees on key priorities in open sessions with Q&A 

at least twice a year. 

139 

 
 
- 

In  2022,  we  held  two  Strategic  Sessions  in  the  U.S.  and  Spain.  Most  of  Atlantica’s 
office  employees  attended.  Our  CEO,  CFO  and  other  key  senior  management 
presented Atlantica’s recent milestones at the corporate and geographic level, key 
priorities going forward, and highlighted the importance of our values, compliance, 
risk and purchasing process and procedures. 

-  Also in 2022, some Country Managers held specific sessions with local employees to 

address key priorities in the geography under their responsibility. 

-  Our senior management takes part in our “Atlantica’s Management Model” training 
to  discuss  with  our  employees,  excluding  those  performing  operation  and 
maintenance  activities,  the  Company’s  long-term  strategy  and  business  model, 
recent  milestones,  growth  strategy,  as well  as  values,  policies  and  procedures.  We 
promote an informal and open environment to foster discussions with employees in 
groups  of  less  than  20  people.  Employees  can  express  their  ideas  and  concerns 
without evaluation or retaliation. The feedback is analysed and shared with Atlantica’s 
management  in  monthly  management  meetings.  Where  appropriate,  we  devise 
action  plans  and  assign  one  or  several  managers  responsibility  for  their 
implementation.  

-  We periodically publish Atlantica-related news via our internal intranet and LinkedIn. 

Atlantica  has  implemented  a  “Work-life  balance  management  policy”  to  achieve  an 
effective balance between work and life outside the workplace. Atlantica’s management 
believes that employees are most productive when they have a certain flexibility to fulfil 
their professional and personal responsibilities. Under this policy Atlantica’s employees 
have  the  opportunity  to  request  remote  work  for  one  business  day  per  week  under 
certain terms and conditions. 

As of December 31, 2022, our workforce increased to 978 from 558 as of December 31, 
2021. The increase was mostly due to: 

•  The  internalisation of  the  operation  and  maintenance  services  at  Kaxu  in  February 
2022, bringing 70 employees, and at part of our solar assets in Spain in June 2022, 
bringing 205 employees; and 

•  The integration of Rioglass, a supplier of spare parts and services in the solar industry. 
Key  performance  indicators  for  Rioglass  have  been  included  from  January  1, 2022 
and Rioglass employees were 130 as of that date. Atlantica has control of Rioglass 
since January 1, 2021; however this subsidiary was in a restructuring process during 
2021 and we did not have reliable and comparable information for the year 2021. 
Our 2021 people and culture key performance indicators did not include data from 
this subsidiary. 

140 

 
 
Number of Employees per Geography as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 

s
e
e
y
o
p
m
E

l

f
o
r
e
b
m
u
N

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

978

558

456

308

312

243

443

51

68

93

55

67

115

130

107

North America

South America

EMEA

Corporate

Total

2020

2021

2022

Our corporate employees support our assets in roles including Operations, Health and 
Safety, Environment and other certain corporate areas including Corporate Development, 
Finance, Consolidation, Administration, Tax, Internal Audit, Human Resources, Insurance 
and Legal. 

Number of Employees by Category as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 

s
e
e
y
o
p
m
E

l

f
o
r
e
b
m
u
N

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

519

245

196

264

178

150

23

34

49

133

73

88

14

13

13

978

558

456

Asset Operation
Employees

Assistants and
Professionals

Engineers and
Graduates
2020

2021

Middle
Management

2022

Management

Total

The  percentage  of  women  at  the  Board  of  Directors,  management  level  (without 
including  middle  management  level  and  without  including  directors)  and  over  total 
number of employees as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was: 

Women on the Board of Directors 
Women at Management Level 
Women at Atlantica 

2022 
22% 
23% 
20% 

2021 
25% 
23% 
25% 

2020 
25% 
21% 
27% 

As of December 31, 2022, 193 out of 978 employees were women, representing 20% of 
the Company’s personnel. In 2021, 141 out of 558 employees were women, or 25% of 
the total headcount. The decrease of women at Atlantica during 2022 as a percentage of 

141 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
total  employees  was  mostly  due  to  the  (i)  internalisation  of  the  operation  and 
maintenance  services  at Kaxu  and  at  part  of our solar  assets  in Spain.  These  activities 
added 275 new employees to our workforce in EMEA, of which approximately 90% were 
men,  and  (ii)  integration  of  Rioglass  employees,  adding  130  new  employees  to  our 
workforce  in  EMEA,  out  of  which  approximately  85%  were  men.  Without  considering 
Asset Operation Employees 160 out of 459 employees were women, representing 35% 
of the Company’s personnel. 

Employees at 2022, 2021 and 2020 year-end by employment type and by contract type 
were: 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Male 

Female 

Total  Male 

Female 

Total  Male 

Female 

Total 

By 
employment 
type 

By type of 
contract 

Full-time1 

785 

193 

978 

417 

141 

558 

333 

123 

456 

Part-time 

Total 

Indefinite 

- 

785 

743 

Temporary 

42 

- 

193 

182 

11 

- 

- 

978 

417 

925 

399 

53 

18 

- 

141 

132 

9 

- 

- 

558 

333 

531 

329 

27 

4 

- 

123 

114 

9 

- 

456 

443 

13 

Total 

785 

193 

978 

417 

141 

558 

333 

123 

456 

1  Voluntary working time reductions have been included under full-time employment contracts. 

Employees at 2022, 2021 and 2020 year-end by contract type and by geography were: 

2022 

2021 

2020 

North 
America 
311 

South 
America 
60 

1 

312 

33 

93 

Indefinite 
Temporar
y 
Total 

EMEA  Corporate Total 

EMEA Corporate Total 

EMEA* Total 

429 

125 

925 

109 

531 

14 

5 

53 

- 

443 

130 

978 

308 

17 

68 

6 

27 

- 

115 

558  243 

10 

51 

159  443 

3 

13 

162  456 

North 
America 
308 

South 
America 
51 

63 

4 

67 

North 
America 
243 

South 
America 
41 

(*) Corporate employees included in EMEA in 2020. 

Employees at 2022, 2021 and 2020 year-end by age group were: 

Age 

< 30 

31-40 

41-50 

>51 

Total Employees 

2022 
Female 

Male 

Total  Male 

117 

321 

217 

130 

785 

35 

82 

60 

16 

193 

152 

403 

277 

146 

978 

64 

158 

111 

84 

417 

2021 

2020 

Female  Total  Male  Female  Total 
74 

50 

26 

24 

90 

59 

43 

13 

141 

217 

154 

97 

558 

126 

90 

67 

48 

41 

10 

174 

131 

77 

333 

123 

456 

The average age of our workforce in 2022, 2021 and 2020 was 40 years old. 

Average Number of Employees 

The table below shows the average number of employees for the years 2022, 2021 and 
2020 on a consolidated basis: 

142 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Average Number of Employees by Geography 
North America 
South America 

EMEA 

Corporate 

Total 

Average Number of Employees by Category 
Management 
Middle Management1 

Engineers and Graduates 

Assistants and Professionals 

Asset Operations Employees 

Total 

Average Number of Employees by Gender 
Male 

Female 

Total 

2022 
306 
87 

360 

121 

874 

2022 
13 

132 

234 

46 

449 

874 

2022 
696 

178 

874 

2021 
296 
61 

61 

109 

527 

2021 
13 

85 

162 

27 

240 

527 

2021 
396 

131 

527 

2020 
237 
46 

54 

104 

441 

2020 
14 

73 

142 

21 

191 

441 

2020 
325 

116 

441 

1  Middle Management mainly consists of employees who: (i) manage a specific area, (ii) supervise a group of employees, 

or (iii) are considered key personnel within the organisation. 

Collective Bargaining Agreements 

The percentage of employees that are covered by company specific collective bargaining 
agreements was 11% in 2022, 8% in 2021 and 14% in 2020. The 2022 increase versus 
2021 was mostly due to the internalisation of the operation and maintenance services at 
Kaxu and at part of our solar assets in Spain. Part of these operation and maintenance 
employees are trade union members. 

If we include sector collective bargaining agreements, the percentage of employees that 
are covered by collective bargaining agreements is 60% in 2022, 40% in 2021, and 50% 
in 2020. 

Diversity and Inclusion Policy and Opportunities 

We believe that the diversity of our workforce is an asset that enriches the Company with 
fresh ideas, perspectives and experiences. We acknowledge the contribution of people 
of  different  genders,  nationalities,  cultures,  races,  professional  backgrounds,  abilities, 
socio-economic backgrounds and age. Our belief is that employees with diverse skills 
represent  an  important  resource  identifying  innovative  solutions  and  improving  our 
business performance, which ultimately benefits all our stakeholders. 

We provide a work environment free of discrimination, intimidation and sexual and non-
sexual harassment, where  everyone can participate in the success of the business and 
where all employees are valued for the distinctive skills and experiences they bring to the 
Company. 

Initiatives and Recognitions 

•  In January 2023, Atlantica was included for the 3rd consecutive year in the Bloomberg 

Gender-Equality Index (GEI).  

•  During  2022,  2021  and  2020  more  than  80%  of  the  employees  hired  by  the  Kaxu 
operation  and  maintenance  supplier  were  black  citizens,  exceeding  the  minimal 

143 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
requirements defined by the project. Furthermore, almost 50% of employees working 
at the plant in 2022, 2021 and 2020, came from local communities, also exceeding the 
minimal requirements defined by the project. Due to its remote location and technical 
skill requirements, the Kaxu plant provides job opportunities to citizens from different 
regions in South Africa. As of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, approximately 95% 
of the employees were South African citizens, while the remaining 5% are support staff 
from different countries. 

•  In 2022, the Company performed a human capital analysis at certain locations aimed 
at guaranteeing equal opportunities to our employees and to promoting a culture of 
diversity and inclusion. The main objectives of this analysis were: 
-  Preventing any kind of gender discrimination, either direct or indirect. 
-  Reinforcing  Atlantica’s  commitment  to 

its  employees  to  ensure  equal 
opportunities and to eradicate any potential conduct that may discriminate any 
employee due to their gender or family situation. 

-  Promoting  effective  equality  measures  among  men  and  women  and 
guaranteeing the same opportunities to hiring candidates, internal professional 
development and working conditions for all employees.  

-  Promoting  work-life  conciliation  and  ensuring  that  such  balanced  work-life 

conciliation does not negatively impact employees. 

•  Atlantica is a signatory to the Women’s Empowerment Principles since 2020, a set of 
good business practices that promote equality between men and women across all 
areas of the organisation. 

In  2022,  2021  and  2020,  we  were  not  notified  of  any  incidents  relating  to  potential 
situations of discrimination. 

Gender-Related Information 

Employees by Gender as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

20%

25%

27%

2022

80%

Men

Women

2021

75%

Men

Women

2020

73%

Men

Women

We operate in a sector that has historically employed a majority of men, especially in 
operation and  maintenance  activities.  We  seek  to  remove any  barriers we  might  have 
including unconscious bias and to empower women and ensure that they progress with 
the same opportunities as men. During 2022, we promoted a total of 34 employees, 27 
men and 7 women, compared to 50 employees in 2021, out of which 44 were men and 
6 were women. 

144 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Promoted Employees by Gender in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Male 

Female 

Total  Male 

Female 

Total  Male 

Female 

Total 

27 

7 

34 

44 

6 

50 

15 

8 

23 

Number of 
promotions 

All  employees  returned  to  work  in  2022,  2021  and  2020  after  parental  leave.  89%  of 
employees  were  still  employed  12  months  after  returning  to  work  in  2022.  The 
outstanding  11%  voluntarily  left  the  Company  due  to  personal  reasons.  In  2021,  all 
employees were still employed 12 months after returning to work. In addition to rules 
and regulations, management encourages employees to take parental leave. 

Parental Leave in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Male 

Female 

Total  Male 

Female 

Total  Male 

Female 

Total 

28 

8 

36 

11 

19 

30 

14 

7 

21 

Parental 
leave 

Women by Geography and by Category as of December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022 

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

42%

40%

44%

42%

41%

33%

31%

26%

16%

14%

13%

17%

91%

76%

71%

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

8%

6%

5%

43%

43%

37%

27%

26%

18%

23%

23%

21%

North America

South America

EMEA

Corporate

Asset
Operation
Employees

Assistants
and
Professionals

Engineers and
Graduates

Middle
Management

Management

2020

2021

2022

2020

2021

2022

The  decrease  of  women  in  the  EMEA  region  during  2022  was  mostly  due  to  the 
internalisation of the operation and maintenance services at Kaxu and at part of our solar 
assets  in  Spain,  as  well  as  the  integration  of  the  Rioglass  employees.  These  activities 
added 405 new employees to our workforce in EMEA, of which approximately 90% were 
men, and most were asset operation employees, but also engineers and graduates and 
middle managers. 

In addition, during 2022 we hired additional personnel in Colombia and Peru, of which 
approximately 65% and 75% respectively, were men. 

145 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Gender Pay Gap Analysis 

Atlantica guarantees respect for salary equality rights. Monitoring pay equality is one of 
the key factors to ensuring the creation of an inclusive and respectful culture without 
differentiation based on gender, age, race or any other personal factor. 

The  Company  is  determined  to  ensure  that  there  is  no  gender-based  inequality  in  its 
activities by offering equal pay for equal work in all the businesses and countries where 
it does business. 

We believe it is important to understand the difference between the concepts of salary 
gap and salary equality: 
-  The pay gap shows the difference between the average salary received by men and 

women. 

-  Pay equality is the right of men and women to receive the same salary for the same 

work. 

At Atlantica, there is no salary discrimination for any reason, including gender. Different 
employees, including men and women in a similar position, can have different salaries 
based on the results of their performance evaluations. 

The Pay Gap is measured subtracting the average female compensation from the average 
male compensation and dividing the result by the average of the higher earning gender 
(male or female) compensation. 

2022, 2021 and 2020 Pay Gap by Category 

Management  
Middle management 
Senior engineers and graduates  
Engineers and graduates 
Assistants and professionals  
Asset operation employees 
Average Salary by Gender 

2022 
18% 
16% 
7% 
10% 
(14%) 
29% 
13% 

2021 
18% 
29% 
15% 
8% 
(8%) 
10% 
26% 

2020 
23% 
29% 
14% 
6% 
(33%) 
6% 
30% 

Note 1: Data includes fixed salary, short-term bonus and long-term incentive plans without adjusting for factors such as 
job function, level, education, performance, location, or exchange rate differences. Overtime has not been included. 
Note 2: The CEO has been excluded from the analysis as we believe that including his compensation would distort the 
results. 
Note 3: Management consists of the members of the Management Committee. 
Note 4: Middle management consists of certain employees who manage a specific area, supervise a group of employees, 
or are considered key personnel within the organisation. 

The  overall  pay  gap  decreased  in  2022  compared  to  2021  mainly  due  to  the 
internalisation of the operation and maintenance services at Kaxu and at part of our solar 
assets in Spain, as well as the integration of Rioglass. Most of these new employees are 
asset operation employees, who are approximately 90% men and, on average, have lower 
remuneration than Atlantica’s average salary.  

The integration of these activities also added middle managers and senior engineers and 
graduates  based  in  Spain  and  South  Africa,  who  have  lower  remuneration  than  the 
average mostly due to the countries where they are based. 

In the category “Asset operation employees”, the pay gap has increased to 29% from 
10% in 2021, but the increase is due to the fact that we are adding information from 
different  countries where  average  salaries  are  very  different.  On  a  country-by-country 

146 

 
 
 
basis, the pay gap difference for this category in the U.S. was 6%, in Spain 11% and 0% 
in South Africa. Approximately 93% of all asset operation employees are based in these 
3 countries.  

In addition, the gender pay gap information is also affected  by the lower presence of 
females  in  management  and  engineering  positions,  which  is  common  in  the  energy 
sector. In addition, female representation is significantly lower in age groups above 40, 
where salaries are usually higher. 

To mitigate this situation and accelerate the progressive reduction of gender pay-gap, 
Atlantica continues to analyse several initiatives: 

-  Ensuring  that  we  progressively  build  a  pool  of  females  to  undertake  management 

positions. 

-  Promoting STEM careers among female students. 
-  Always considering female candidates when hiring new employees. 

Recruitment and Retention 

Our  career  development  programme,  performance  assessment  and  skill  training 
programmes are aimed at talent retention and development. 

In 2022, we hired 204 employees. The “under 30” and “31-40” age categories (37% and 
38%, respectively) led our hiring’s by age, while North America (35%) led by geography. 

Employees Hired in 2022, 2021 and 2020 by Age and Gender 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Male 

Female 

Total  Male 

Female 

Total  Male 

Female 

Total 

< 30 

31-40 

41-50 

>51 

57 

63 

34 

12 

Total Employees 

166 

19 

14 

5 

0 

38 

76 

77 

39 

12 

204 

21 

36 

14 

7 

78 

9 

12 

6 

1 

30 

48 

20 

8 

28 

106 

18 

20 

12 

8 

58 

11 

5 

3 

1 

20 

29 

25 

15 

9 

78 

Employees Hired in 2022, 2021 and 2020 by Geography and Gender 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Male 

Female 

Total  Male 

Female 

Total  Male 

Female 

Total 

North America 

South America 

EMEA 

Corporate 

64 

33 

52 

17 

Total Employees 

166 

8 

11 

11 

8 

38 

72 

44 

63 

25 

204 

44 

15 

10 

9 

78 

9 

4 

4 

11 

28 

53 

19 

14 

20 

37 

3 

9 

9 

8 

5 

- 

7 

106 

58 

20 

45 

8 

9 

16 

78 

147 

 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
Average Employee Turnover Rate in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Employee voluntary turnover rate 

Employee voluntary turnover rate 
without U.S. activities 

Employee involuntary turnover rate 

Employee total turnover rate 

2022 

12.8% 

9.7% 

9.4% 

22.2% 

2021 

11.0% 

5.9% 

5.9% 

16.9% 

2020 

7.5% 

2.7% 

2.9% 

10.1% 

Note 1: Turnover rates calculated based on the average number of employees during the year.  
Note 2: Employee turnover rate includes dismissals, finalisation of temporary contracts, retirement and others. 
Note 3: 2021 data was revised following the updated 2022 classification. 

In 2022, the employee voluntary turnover increased to 12.8%, from 11.0% in 2021. This 
was mainly due to the low unemployment and high rotation in the U.S.. If we exclude our 
employees in the U.S., our employee voluntary turnover would have remained at 9.7% in 
2022 and 5.9% in 2021. 

In  addition,  the  employee  involuntary  turnover  increased  to  9.4%,  from  5.9%  in  2021. 
63% of non-voluntary turnover corresponded to the restructuring process at Rioglass, 
which started in 2021 and was finalised in 2022. 

Employee Turnover in 2022, 2021 and 2020 by Age and Gender 

2022 
Female 

Male 

Total 

Male 

2021 
Female 

Total 

Male 

2020 
Female 

Total 

< 30 

31-40 

41-50 

>51 

38 

58 

44 

25 

Total Employees 

165 

10 

14 

3 

2 

29 

48 

72 

47 

27 

194 

13 

25 

13 

18 

69 

2 

7 

6 

5 

20 

15 

32 

19 

23 

89 

11 

10 

7 

9 

37 

3 

2 

4 

- 

9 

14 

12 

11 

9 

46 

Employee Turnover in 2022, 2021 and 2020 by Geography and Gender 

Male 

2022 
Female 

Total 

Male 

2021 
Female 

Total 

Male 

2020 
Female 

North America 

South America 

EMEA 

Corporate 

62 

11 

86 

6 

8 

8 

7 

6 

70 

19 

93 

12 

54 

13 

6 

2 

7 

2 

- 

5 

Total Employees 

165 

29 

194 

69 

20 

67 

8 

2 

12 

89 

31 

- 

2 

4 

37 

3 

- 

1 

5 

9 

Total 

34 

- 

3 

9 

46 

We perform exit surveys with all our employees who voluntarily decide to resign. Our aim 
is to identify weaknesses and improvement opportunities that can help reduce voluntary 
turnover. 

We  offer  a  remuneration  package  that  includes  monetary  and  non-monetary 
compensation. In 2022, 2021 and 2020 we based our compensation policy on these four 
pillars: 

-  Pre-defined  remuneration  bands  based  on  market  surveys  provided  by  several 

external consultants for certain positions. 

-  Annual performance appraisal for 100% of our employees. 
-  Variable  compensation  based  on  Company  targets,  department  and  individual 

targets. 

148 

 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
- 

Long-term incentive plan for certain employees. 

Our  People  and  Culture  Department  receives  remuneration  data  from  two  separate 
external consultants for certain positions based on position and location. 

In 2022, approximately 59% of our employees with variable remuneration had targets 
linked to ESG performance, compared to 58% in 2021 and 57% in 2020. 

The package offered by Atlantica includes monetary compensation and remuneration in-
kind, depending on the employee’s position, and on local practices in the countries where 
we  operate.  In  addition,  we  offer  flexible  compensation  in  certain  locations,  which 
sometimes presents tax advantages for employees. Under current local regulations, we 
offer  401(k)  retirement  plans  in  the  U.S.  We  also  finance  a  high  percentage  of  our 
employees’ health insurance costs and their immediate family in most of the countries 
where we are based.  

Development and Training 

Part of our supervisor’s mission is to collaborate with each of his or her team members 
to evaluate performance through the Annual Performance Appraisal (APA), a talent and 
development management module of Meta4. As part of the individual appraisal process, 
the supervisor evaluates the performance during the period in nine standardised areas. 
The manager also identifies individual targets for the coming period and sets training 
actions in the Annual Training Plan (ATP). Supervisors set individual meetings with their 
teams  once  the  assessment  is  completed  to  share  results  and  explain  the  action  plan 
defined  in  depth.  Employees  can  provide  feedback  about  their  own  performance, 
improvement opportunities, etc. It is an ongoing process, normally spread over a year to 
ensure its effectiveness. 

Once the APA is completed by supervisors, we conduct a calibration process to ensure 
that evaluations are consistent and as fair as possible across the entire organisation. 

In addition, we plan to perform a 360º feedback process for certain management profiles, 
including senior and middle management, where managers receive feedback from their 
supervisor,  peers  and  direct  reports.  Full  confidentiality  is  guaranteed  as  the  data  is 
processed and summarised by external consultants.  

Considering  that  we  are  a  flat  and  lean  organisation,  it  can  be  challenging  for  us  to 
provide development opportunities to talented employees. We have a programme in-
place to identify key members of our workforce. The goal is to consider employees’ for 
internal transfers to other positions, functions or geographies. In 2022, we continued to 
strengthen our organisational structure. We bolstered our asset management capabilities 
by  designating  new  country  managers  and  other  key  asset  management  positions  in 
some of our geographies. Most of these positions were filled with internal promotions. 

We  also  have  an  internal  job  site  on  our  intranet  where  we  inform  employees  of  job 
vacancies in order to promote internal mobility between different departments. 

Regarding our training programme, we identify training categories to improve distinct 
sets of skills, integrate them into Atlantica’s team and culture, and as a measure to retain 
talented employees: 

149 

 
 
- 

Introduction  to  Atlantica.  All  new  employees  must  attend  our  “Introduction  to 
Atlantica”  course  during  their  induction  period.  In  addition,  all  employees  receive 
training on our compliance and management policies. 

-  Management  skills.  We  offer  soft  management-skills  courses  to 

improve 
leadership  and 

negotiation, 
communication, among other skills. 

team-working, 

team-building,  decision-making, 

-  Technical knowledge courses. Our training plans also include technical knowledge 

courses specific to different technical fields. 

-  Languages. We offer several language courses to our employees to allow them to 

operate effectively in an international setting.  

-  Health and Safety. This is part of our core values. We offer several training courses 
to both our employees and operation and maintenance personnel to reinforce it. We 
refer to the “Occupation Health and Safety” section detailed below.  

As  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  Atlantica  offered  over  150  different  training 
programmes  to  its  employees.  Each  employee  agrees  on  the  definitive  training 
programme with his or her manager and, the People and Culture Department.  

Training Hours in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Total Hours of Training 

2022 

321 

3,724 

2021 

170 

2,689 

2020 

558 

2,636 

10,740 

9,281 

3,740 

1,189 

413 

321 

11,548 

6,846 

7,202 

27,521  

19,399 

14,457 

Management 
Middle Management 
Engineers and 
Graduates 
Assistants and 
Professionals 
Asset Operations 
Employees 
Total Average 

Total Average Hours of 
Training per Employee 

2022 

2021 

2020 

27 

31 

40 

26 

23 

29 

13 

32 

57 

15 

29 

37 

40 

36 

26 

13 

38 

33 

Management 

Middle Management 

Engineers and 
Graduates 
Assistants and 
Professionals 
Asset Operations 
Employees 
Total 

(*) 2021 data was revised following the updated 2022 classification. 

In 2022, the employees completed 29 hours of training on average compared to 37 in 
2021.  The  decrease  is  due  to  the  internalisation  of  the  operation  and  maintenance 
services at part of our solar assets in Spain and at Kaxu. These services brought mostly 
asset operation employees and engineers and graduates who received training during 
part of 2022 (i.e., since their incorporation date). 

Key Management for 2022  

We have a key management team with extensive experience in developing, financing, 
managing  and  operating  contracted  sustainable 
infrastructure  assets.  Our  key 
management in 2022, 2021 and 2020 includes:  

150 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name 

David Esteban 

Emiliano Garcia 

Position 

VP EMEA 

VP North America 

Irene M. Hernandez 

General Counsel and Chief of Compliance 

Francisco Martinez-Davis 

Chief Financial Officer 

Antonio Merino 

VP South America 

Stevens C. Moore 

VP Corporate Development 

Santiago Seage 

Chief Executive Officer and Director 

Year of Birth 

1979 

1968 

1980 

1963 

1967 

1973 

1969 

There are no potential conflicts of interest between the private interests or other duties 
of the key management members listed above and their duties to Atlantica. There are no 
family ties among any of our senior management and Board of Directors. 

As of December 31, 2022, the average age of our key management team was 51 years 
old. 

The biographies of the key management team are: 

David Esteban,  

Vice President EMEA 

Mr. Esteban has served as Vice President of our operations in EMEA since July 2014. He 
had  previously  served  in  Abengoa’s  Corporate  Concession  department  for  two  years. 
Before joining Abengoa, Mr. Esteban worked for the management consulting firm Arthur 
D.  Little  for  seven  years in  the  industries of  Telecoms & Energy and  then  moved  to a 
private equity firm specialised in renewable energy investments in Europe for three years.  

Emiliano Garcia,  
Vice President North America 

Mr.  Garcia  serves  as  Vice  President  of  our  North  American  business.  Mr.  Garcia  was 
previously the General Manager of Abengoa Solar in the United States and of the Solana 
Power Plant. Before that, he held a number of managerial positions in various Abengoa 
companies over two decades. Mr. Garcia holds a Bachelor’s degree in Engineering from 
Madrid Technical University.  

Irene M. Hernandez,  

General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer  

Ms. Hernandez has served as our General Counsel since June 2014 and also serves as 
Chief Compliance Officer and Head of People and Culture. Prior to that, she served as 
head of our legal department since the date of our formation. Before joining Abengoa, 
she worked for several law firms. Ms. Hernandez holds a law degree from Complutense 
Madrid University and a Master’s degree in law from the Madrid Bar Association (Colegio 
de Abogados de Madrid (ICAM)).  

151 

 
 
Francisco Martinez-Davis,  
Chief Financial Officer  

Mr. Martinez-Davis was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer on January 11, 2016. Mr. 
Martinez-Davis has more than 30 years of experience in senior finance positions both in 
the  United  States  and  Spain.  He  has  served  as  Chief  Financial  Officer  of  several  large 
industrial  companies.  Most  recently,  he  was  Chief  Financial  Officer  for  the  company 
responsible for the management and operation of metropolitan rail service of the city of 
Madrid where he was also member of the Executive Committee. He has also worked as 
CFO for a retailer and as Deputy General Manager in Finance and Treasury for Telefonica 
Moviles. Prior to that, he worked for different investment banks in New York City and 
London for more than 10 years, including J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. and BNP Paribas. Mr. 
Martinez-Davis holds a Bachelor of Science, cum laude, in Business Administration from 
Villanova  University  in  Philadelphia  and  an  MBA  from  The  Wharton  School  at  the 
University of Pennsylvania.  

Antonio Merino,  
Vice President South America  

Mr. Merino serves as Vice President of our South American business. Previously, he was 
the  Vice  President  of  Abengoa’s  Brazilian  business,  as  well  as  the  head  of  Abengoa’s 
commercial activities and partnerships in South America. Mr. Merino holds an MBA from 
San Telmo International Institute.  

Stevens C. Moore, 
Vice President Corporate Development  

Mr. Moore has more than 25 years of experience in finance positions in Spain, the United 
Kingdom and the United States. He has worked in various positions in structured and 
leveraged finance at Citibank and Banco Santander, and vice president of M&A at GBS 
Finanzas.  Most  recently,  he  was  Director  of  Corporate  Development  and  Investor 
Relations at Codere, the Madrid stock exchange listed international gaming  company. 
He holds a B.A. degree in history from Tulane University of New Orleans, Louisiana. 

Key management compensation, excluding the Chief Executive Officer, in 2022, 2021 and 
2020: 

152 

 
 
In USD thousands 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Short-Term Employee Benefits 
- 

Fixed and variable remuneration 

LTIP Awards 
-  Options vested under LTIP 

-  Restricted Stock Units vested under the 

LTIP 

One-offs 
-  One-off plans 

Post-employment benefits 
Other long-term benefits 
Termination benefits 
Total 

2,294 
2,294 
2,176 
733 

1,443 

684 
684 
- 
- 
- 
5,154 

2,365 
2,365 
839 
839 

653 
653 
- 
- 
- 
3,857 

2,144 
2,144 
156 
156 

423 
423 
- 
- 
- 
2,723 

Note: The table includes compensation for 6 key executives, excluding the Chief Executive Officer. Detailed 
information on the Board of Directors remuneration, including the Chief Executive Officer’s remuneration, is 
disclosed in the Directors’ Remuneration Report. 

Short-term  employee  benefits  to  management  are  paid  in  Euros  and  have  been 
converted to US$ using the average foreign exchange rate for each period. 

“LTIP Awards” include share options and share units vested in 2022. In addition, “One-off 
Awards” include share units vested in 2022. The vested options and share units have been 
included  in  the  remuneration  table  above  valued  using  the  share  price  at  the  vesting 
date. Under the LTIP and one-off plans, the 6 key executives, excluding the CEO, hold as 
of December 31, 2022 83,855 restricted share units, convertible into shares in the future, 
and 22,061 unexercised vested share options 72,612 unvested share options which were 
underwater  at  2022  year-end.  In  2021,  the  6  key  executives,  excluding  the  CEO,  held 
103,559 share units, convertible into shares in the future and 154,282 share options. 

Risks Linked with Human Capital 

General key risks associated with human capital include attracting and retaining qualified 
personnel as well as maintaining a diversified workforce to enrich the Company with fresh 
ideas, perspectives and experiences. In addition, digital transformation requires cultural 
and organisational changes and continuous training to avoid overall company human 
capital risks. 

As  detailed  in  different  sections  of  this  Integrated  Annual  Report,  Atlantica  has  put 
different measures in place to mitigate human capital risks, including: (i) providing equal 
opportunities  to  all  employees,  (ii)  implementing  an  effective  diversity  and  inclusion 
policy  throughout  the  Company,  (iii)  promoting  in-house  professional  opportunities, 
providing training programmes to improve skills and technical knowledge, establishing 
fixed  and  variable  remuneration  considering  data  from  external  consultants  (for  key 
personnel), financing a high percentage of health insurance costs, and subsidizing fitness 
as  measures  to  attract  and  retain  employees;  and  (iv)  auditing  processes  to  ensure 
compliance with all human capital legal requirements, process and procedures. 

153 

 
 
 
 
Occupational Health and Safety 

Key facts: 

✓ Maintained health and safety KPIs below sector average 

✓ Improved health and safety reporting based on international best practices 

Atlantica,  its  Board  and  its  management  are  committed  to  prioritising  and  actively 
promoting  health  and  safety  as  a  tool  to  protect  the  integrity  and  health  of  our 
employees and those of our subcontractors at our assets or work centres. We promote 
a safe operating culture across Atlantica and encourage our subcontractors to adopt a 
preventive  culture  in  the  operation  and  maintenance  activities  as  reflected  in  our 
corporate health and safety policy available on our website. 

Health and Safety Management System 

Our Health and Safety Management System is ISO 45001 compliant. An external third 
party (DNV) audits our management system annually. Our ISO 45001 certification is valid 
until 2024. 

In  addition,  we  perform  periodic  health  and  safety  audits  of  our  operation  and 
maintenance  suppliers  to  monitor  compliance  with  legal  regulations,  contractual 
requirements, and our safety best practices. 

Health and Safety Best Practices 

Our  health  and  safety  performance  indicators  include  both  our  employees´  and 
subcontractors’ data. 

The Company’s health and safety best practices programme is a key management tool. 
It has been in place since 2017 and we regularly update it to include insights gained from 
our peers, contractors and suppliers. During 2022, we continued implementing new best 
practices as well as incorporating our best practices to newly acquired assets, including: 

-  Safety awards. We provide (i) quarterly awards to our employees and subcontractors 
for  the  best  safety  observation  reported,  and  (ii)  annual  award  to  the  best 
improvement opportunities. 

-  Safety Day. In 2022 we held our Safety Day online and physically at some of our assets 
depending on COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Over 750 Atlantica’s employees and 
subcontractors’ employees took part. We honoured 30 Atlantica and subcontractors’ 
employees with awards for their commitment to safety. 

154 

 
 
 
Behaviour Based Safety Programme 

2022 Safety Day Pictures 

In  2022  we  started  the  implementation  of  the  new  programme  “SafeStart”,  aimed  at 
improving employees and subcontractors’ employees behaviour regarding safety and at 
reducing the number of accidents caused by human errors over time. 

SafeStart is an add-on to our existing health and safety policy, process and procedures. 

We plan to continue its implementation during 2023 and 2024. 

Safety App 

We have a mobile safety app for our employees and those of our subcontractors to raise 
safety awareness at all our assets. The app provides valuable information on safety rules, 
information  on  the  use  of  personal  protective  equipment  (“PPE”)  during  hazardous 
activities, emergency instructions and first aid procedures. It also serves as an important 
communication channel with internal and external employees working at our assets to 
improve safety through lessons learned.  

In 2022, we improved the “Walk and Talk” module to easily and efficiently report unsafe 
acts and conditions and prevent accidents. 

The app also serves as a tool to promote risk awareness and improve safety knowledge. 
On  a  monthly  basis,  we  launch  questions  related  to  “how  much  do  you  know  about 
safety?” through the quiz module. Atlantica provides monthly awards to quiz winners. 

COVID-19 Pandemic 

In  2022,  our  COVID-19  Committee,  which  included  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  the 
Geographic  VPs,  the  Health  and  Safety  Manager  and  other  members  of  Atlantica’s 
management team, continued adapting measures based on new information released 
on COVID-19 in each specific location where our assets and offices are located and took 
all  necessary  actions  to  manage  the  risks  affecting  our  employees,  operations  and 
stakeholders. 

As COVID-19 became endemic and restrictions eased in most of the geographies where 
we operate, we decided to finalise the COVID-19 Committees in July 2022. Since then, 
COVID-19 KPIs continue to be discussed at monthly Health and Safety Committees. From 
January to July 2022, the COVID-19 Committee held 28 meetings. 

155 

 
 
 
In 2022 and 2021 we operated our assets and provided a reliable service to all our clients, 
with no disruptions to availability or production because of COVID-19.  

Health and Safety Performance Indicators 

During  2022  we  had  forty-one  assets  in  operation  and  three  solar  projects  under 
construction.  We  intend to  increase  our construction  activities  in  the  upcoming  years. 
Accordingly, and following international best practices, we have improved our reporting 
and  disclosed  our  Lost  Time  Frequency  Index  (LTFI)  and  Total  Recordable  Frequency 
Index (TRFI) for both assets in operation and assets under-construction. 

LTFI represents the total number of lost-time accidents recorded, including major injuries 
(defined as death or serious accidents45), in the last 12 months per million hours worked. 

Our LTFI ended 2022 at 2.9, compared to 2.3 in 2021. The increase was mainly due to the 
number of accidents with lost-time at our assets under construction, which was partially 
offset by the LTFI improvement at our assets in operation. 

Lost Time Frequency Index (LTFI) in 2020, 2021 and 2022 

Employees 

1.9

1.0

0.0

2020

2021

2022

Employees 

1.9

0.0

0.5

Total 
Subcontractors 

4.2

2.0

2.4

2020

2021

2022

Assets in Operation 

Subcontractors 

2.4

2.1

2.0

5

4

3

2

1

0

3

2

1

Total 

2.9

2.3

1.4

2020

2021

2022

Total 

2.3

1.4

1.4

5

4

3

2

1

0

3

2

1

0

2020

2021

2022

2020

2021

2022

2020

2021

2022

Employees 

Assets under Construction 
Subcontractors 

8.0

0.0

0.0

15

10

5

0

0.0

0.0

14.5

15

10

5

0

Total 

13.1

0.0

0.0

2020

2021

2022

2020

2021

2022

2020

2021

2022

5

4

3

2

1

0

3

2

1

0

15

10

5

0

In 2023, we seek to improve our LTFI performance by implementing new construction 
policies,  processes,  procedures  and  best  practices,  and  performing  internal  audits  to 
ensure compliance with our existing best practices, promote continuous improvement 

45 Serious  accidents  include severe burns, amputation, paraplegia, tetraplegia, major surgery and state of 
coma. 

156 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and  share  lessons  learnt  between  assets.  In  addition,  we  are  preparing  a  pool  of 
prequalified construction subcontractors based on, among others, their health and safety 
performance indicators.  

Atlantica’s LTFI is below the sector average. 

LTFI Below Sector Average in 2020, 2021 and 2022  

5.5

1.4

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

3.3

2.3

4.3

2.9

2020

2021

2022

Atlantica

Sector Average

Note: The Sector Average is calculated based on the Public National Indices weighted by Atlantica’s actual working hours in 
each  geography.  Sources:  U.S.  and  Canada:  Bureau  of  Labour  Statistics  (2021)  and  Canada  Government  (2019);  Mexico: 
Secretaria del Trabajo y Prevision Social (2021); Spain, South Africa and Algeria: Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas (2021); Italy: 
Istituto  Nazionale  per  l'Assicurazione  Contro  gli  Infortuni  sul  Lavoro  (2021);  Peru,  Chile  and  Colombia:  Superintendencia 
Seguridad Social Chile (2021), Oficina General de Estadística y Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (2021) and 
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (2022); Uruguay: Banco del Seguros del Estado (2020). For each year, we are considering 
the most recent available public information. 

In addition, TRFI represents the total number of recordable accidents with and without 
lost-time recorded in the last 12 months per million hours worked.  

Our TRFI ended 2022 at 5.0, compared to 6.0 in 2021. In 2022, at our assets in operation, 
we  decreased  both  the  number  of  accidents  without  lost-time  and  the  number  of 
accidents with lost-time while increasing the number of employees in our workforce. As 
of December 31, 2022, our workforce increased to 978 from 558 as of December 31, 2021. 
This increase was mostly due to: (i) the internalisation of the operation and maintenance 
services  at  Kaxu  and  at  part  of  our  solar  assets  in  Spain,  bringing  approximately  275 
employees and moving safety KPIs from our subcontractors to our employees category, 
(ii) the integration of Rioglass, bringing approximately 130 new employees as of January 
1, 2022 (additional information is disclosed in the People and Culture section), and (iii) 
new asset operations employees in different geographies.  

157 

 
 
 
Total Recordable Frequency Index (TRFI) in 2020, 2021 and 2022 

Employees 

5.6

3.0

0.9

2020

2021

2022

Employees 

5.6

2.7

0.9

Total 
Subcontractors 

6.8

6.2

6.3

2020

2021

2022

Assets in Operation 

Subcontractors 

6.8

6.2

4.7

8

6

4

2

0

8

6

4

2

0

Total 

6.0

5.0

5.0

2020

2021

2022

Total 

6.0

5.0

3.8

8

6

4

2

0

8

6

4

2

0

2020

2021

2022

2020

2021

2022

2020

2021

2022

Employees 

8.0

0.0

0.0

Assets under Construction 

Subcontractors 
14.5

0.0

0.0

15

10

5

0

15

10

5

0

Total 

13.1

0.0

0.0

2020

2021

2022

2020

2021

2022

2020

2021

2022

8

6

4

2

0

8

6

4

2

0

15

10

5

0

Atlantica’s TRFI is below the sector average. 

TRFI Below Sector Average in 2020, 2021 and 2022 

15

10

5

0

13

10.7

5.0

5.0

7.5

6.0

2020

2021

2022

Atlantica

Sector Average

Note: The Sector Average is calculated based on the Public National Indices weighted by Atlantica’s actual working hours 
in each geography. Sources: U.S. and Canada: Bureau of Labour Statistics (2021) and Canada Government (2019); Mexico: 
Secretaria del Trabajo y Prevision Social (2021); Spain, South Africa and Algeria: Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas (2021); 
Italy:  Istituto  Nazionale  per  l'assicurazione  contro  gli  infortuni  sul  lavoro  (2021);  Peru,  Chile  and  Colombia: 
Superintendencia  Seguridad  Social  Chile  (2021),  Oficina  General  de  Estadística  y  Tecnologías  de  la  Información  y 
Comunicaciones (2021) and Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (2022); Uruguay: Banco del Seguros del Estado (2020). 
For each year, we are considering the most recent available public information. 

158 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In 2022 we continued to work on the integration of recently acquired assets in order to 
implement  our  safety  culture  in  all  regions.  We  undertook  all  necessary  measures  to 
minimise potential safety impacts, performed specific external and internal audits, issued 
new  safety  campaigns  and  bulletins,  improved  safety  inspections,  procedures  and 
training,  and  extended  health  and  safety  bonuses  to  certain  employees  to  improve 
supervision. 

The  fatality  performance  indicator  at  our  sites  or  facilities  (including  our  employees, 
subcontractors and other third-party employees at our plants) has been zero, and we 
have recorded no major injuries since our incorporation. 

We  also  monitor  near-misses  and  unsafe  acts  and  conditions  through  our  Total 
Recordable Deviation Index (TRDI). This index represents the number of near-misses and 
unsafe acts and conditions recorded in the last 12 months per million hours worked. The 
goal  of  this  Key  Performance  Indicator  (KPI)  is  to  encourage  the  identification  and 
communication of near misses and unsafe acts and conditions by our employees and our 
contractors’  employees.  Given  the  fact  that  this  helps  identify  risks  and  implement 
adequate preventive measures, the higher the performance indicator is, the better. 

In  2022  our  TRDI  decreased  compared  to  the  previous  year.  Even  though  we  have 
enhanced  risk  identification  processes  and  communication  initiatives  at  our  assets, 
identifying near misses and unsafe acts and conditions becomes more difficult year-over-
year.  Our  preventive  reporting  programme,  mainly  through  Walk  and  Talk,  has 
progressed alongside our measures to managing and mitigating risks. We believe in the 
health and safety processes and procedures we have in place, hence we expect the Total 
Recordable Deviations to remain relatively stable in the future.  

Total Recordable Deviations Index 

1,540

1,200

1,198

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

2020

2021

2022

Note: We have revised 2020 figures to account for the final number of near-misses and unsafe acts and conditions 

We  also  have  a  Health  and  Safety  Committee  with  asset  employee  representatives  at 
those assets where we operate and maintain our assets directly. In the rest of our assets, 
our operation and maintenance subcontractors have a Health and Safety Committee with 
their  employees’  representatives.  As  asset  owners,  we  are  regularly  informed  on  the 
results of these committees. 

Following GRI requirements, the Occupational Disease performance indicator, caused by 
occupational activities which have a high incidence or high risk of specific diseases, is 
zero both for our employees and for our subcontractors’ employees’. We do not consider 
COVID-19 an occupational disease. 

159 

 
 
 
By 2022 year-end, approximately 60% of our assets had achieved more than 1,000 days 
without  lost  time  accidents  and  approximately  70%  over  500  days  without  lost-time 
accidents. 

Local Communities 

Key facts: 

✓ Community  investments  focused  on  improving  infrastructure  and  supporting 

education 

We acknowledge that our day-to-day activities have impacts on nearby communities. We 
recognise that the communities where we operate are where some of our employees and 
other stakeholders live and raise their families, and where part of our future workforce is 
educated  and  trained.  We  foster  communities’  economic  prosperity  through  local 
purchases and by hiring local employees. As such, it is key for us to be both proactive 
and a valued member of our communities. 

We  have  a  Stakeholder  Policy  and  a  Local  Community  Investment  and  Development 
Policy in place that set the basis to support local communities, collaborate with them and 
promote their environmental, economic and social progress. Both policies are available 
on our website. 

Our  Geographic  VPs  and  local  managers  are  responsible  for  community relations  and 
monitoring community development programmes. Monitoring KPIs include quantitative, 
qualitative, remote and physical analysis. 

Each geography has its own procedures and consultation guidelines in place to speak 
with community leaders and identify local needs. This usually involves physical meetings 
or phone calls between our local employees and local communities. We have learnt from 
our "boots-on-the-ground" approach that we need to adapt to local requirements and 
that  communities  located  close-by  may  have  very  different  needs,  which  evolve  over 
time. A proactive approach and scheduled activities undertaken by our local employees 
to efficiently identify and manage local stakeholders and communities of interest is key 
to the success of our relationship with local communities. 

We  engage  and  work  collaboratively  with  local  communities  from  the  development 
phase.  We  also  comply  with  permitting,  local  law  and  regulation  in-place,  and  have 
purchased  locally  where  possible  and  hired  local  employees  during  the  construction 
phase. During 2022 we had forty-one assets in operation and three solar projects under 
construction. We intend to increase our development and construction activities in the 
upcoming years.  

In addition, ex-post controls are usually performed. Once an investment is completed, 
Atlantica’s employees visit the site to review the investment’s outcome and speak with 
local  stakeholders.  The  agreement reached  with  the  community  along  with  the  local 
stakeholders’ feedback, provides sufficient information to conclude on our investment 
positively  or  negatively. Lessons  learnt  are  then  internally  shared  within  Atlantica  if 
deemed appropriate. 

160 

 
 
 
We  have  a  grievance  mechanism  for  local  stakeholders  to  directly  contact  our  local 
managers. We also have corporate communication channels to report any misconduct, 
irregularities or instances of non-compliance, as detailed in the Business Ethics section. 

We  also  take  a  proactive  approach  to  preventing,  detecting  and  acting  on  local 
community  conflict  risks  concerning  water  resources.  Any  potential  risk  or  grievances 
concerning  water  resources  would  be  addressed  and  followed-up  in  our  regular 
communications with  them.  In  2022,  2021,  and  2020 we  did  not  receive  any  negative 
feedback  from  local  communities  regarding  our  management  of  water  resources, 
including at those assets located on water-stressed areas, nor have we been subject to 
water-related incidents with substantial impact on cost or revenues. 

To  emphasise  the  importance  of  local  community  engagement,  some  local  managers 
have to achieve certain social objectives as part of their variable remuneration. 

Considering that Atlantica is present in different geographies, our local communities long 
and short-term strategy varies depending on the communities needs: 

Medium / Long-Term  

Infrastructure1 

- 



-

-

Education / Skill 
Development 

-

-




U.S. 
Peru 
Chile 
Colombia 
Spain 
South Africa 
Algeria 

Short-Term2  

Basic Needs3 

-

-

-



1  Infrastructure usually involves building, maintaining or upgrading roads, cleaning irrigation canals, etc. 
2  One-year period. 
3  Basic needs includes food and clothes donations. 

In 2022, we invested $1.5 million in local communities, compared to $1.3 million and $1.2 
million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. 

In  Peru  and  Chile,  we  have  several  employees  who  visit  the  areas  where  we  own  and 
manage our transmission lines. Among others, they review that: (i) we comply with all 
our obligations including Health and Safety, environmental conditions, permits, etc., (ii) 
we listen to the communities’ needs and, (iii) we jointly agree to develop, execute and 
monitor development programmes with those communities. These employees report to 
the Country Manager. Local needs are discussed in the Geographic Committee if deemed 
necessary. 

Peru 

Local communities near our assets in Peru generally require road maintenance support. 
We have an annual plan in place to execute road maintenance.  

In 2022, we invested approximately $294 thousand in different initiatives that benefited 
local communities located near our transmission lines and our mini-hydroelectric power 
plant. In 2021 and 2020 we invested approximately $289 thousand and $115 thousand, 
respectively. 

2022 investments mainly relate to: 

161 

 
 
 
 
✓  Improving infrastructures (i.e., road construction and maintenance, cleaning irrigation 

canals, providing irrigation maintenance supplies, etc.) 

✓  Supporting  indigenous  people  through  agriculture  and  livestock  development 

projects. 

Construction and maintenance of roads 

Chile 

In  2022,  we  invested  approximately  $85  thousand  in  initiatives  that  benefited  (i)  18 
indigenous  communities  representing  more  than  1,000  people  of  different  ethnicities. 
The funds were invested in house improvements, small businesses, cultural activities and 
sustainable  agriculture  initiatives,  and  (ii)  40  students  who  received  support  to  pay 
education tuition fees and purchase school supplies. 

Colombia 

In  2022,  we  invested  approximately  $74  thousand  in  initiatives  that  benefited  local 
communities, mostly indigenous people, close to our PV plants, including among others, 
Christmas presents to children and the construction of a nursery to preserve local plant 
species. 

Algeria 

During 2022, we donated approximately $30 thousand to the local communities near the 
water  desalination  plants.  We  also  donated  approximately  $30  thousand  in  2021  and 
2020. 

Skikda 

Donations  benefited  needy  families  in  the  Skikda  commune.  These  included  school 
supplies kits and bags for 188 schoolchildren and food baskets.  

162 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Donation of school supplies 

Donation of food 

Honaine 

Donations  benefited  needy  families  in  the  Honaine  commune.  These  included  school 
supplies kits and bags for 200 schoolchildren and food baskets. 

Donation of school supplies 

Donation of food 

In March 2022, the three water desalination assets celebrated the World Water Day. Both 
local and regional authorities attended the events, which included a presentation and a 
tour of the assets.  

South Africa 

World Water Day Event 

We participate in substantial social and economic development activities in South Africa 
as part of a collaborative effort with the Department of Energy of South Africa. Kaxu is 
located in the Khai Ma Local Municipality of Northern Cape Province. Kaxu’s social and 
economic development activities are governed by an Implementation Agreement with 
the  South  African  Department  of  Energy.  This  agreement  sets  out  key  economic 
development obligations to positively benefit local communities. Kaxu contributes 1.1% 

163 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
of  its  yearly  collections  to  be  reinvested  in  the  local  communities  that  lie  within  an 
approximately 50km (31 miles) radius of the site, as well as a very remote community 
beyond this distance. 

In 2022, Kaxu invested approximately $916 thousand in community activities, including: 

•  We continued supporting two of our flagship programmes, Kindergarten and Soup 
Kitchens project, which give meals to children and people in need from communities 
near our facilities. Investment: $96 thousand. 

•  Education and skills development is one of the key elements to promote economic 
community development. Kaxu addresses this need by means of an internship and 
bursary  programme  The  bursary  programme  grants  the  youth  within  nearby  local 
communities the opportunity to study at any tertiary institution of their choice in the 
country.  The  programme  includes  tuition  fees,  accommodation  and  a  monthly 
allowance  to  help  with  the  living  expenses  of  each  student.  Our  Internship 
programme allows young individuals to gain valuable experience to prepare them for 
the South African Labour market. Investment: $149 thousand 

•  We  distributed  school  clothing  at  primary  schools  (Back2School  Programme). 

Investment: $51 thousand. 

•  We  provided  local  schools  with  additional  teachers  to  assist  with  overcrowded 

classrooms. Investment: $66 thousand.  

•  We upgraded basic needs infrastructure comprising of water supply and purification 
plants, as well as equipment upgrades to a local hospital. Investment: $55 thousand. 

•  We  supported  three  regional  community-based  agricultural  programmes  through 
equipment, infrastructure and materials. We plan to continue supporting them until 
they become self-sustainable. Investment: $167 thousand. 

As part of our obligations, we also help create jobs to empower black citizens from local 
communities. During 2022 and 2021, 79% and 81%, respectively, of the employees hired 
by  the  Kaxu  operation  and  maintenance  supplier  were  black  citizens,  exceeding  the 
requirements  defined  by  the  project.  Furthermore,  approximately  30%  of  employees 
working at the plant in 2022 and 2021, came from local communities, also exceeding the 
requirements  defined  by  the  project.  Due  to  its  remote  location  and  technical  skill 
requirements, the Kaxu plant provides job opportunities to citizens from various different 
areas  in  South  Africa.  As  of  December  31,  2022  approximately  95%  of  the  employees 
were  South  African  citizens,  and  the  remaining  5%  are  support  staff  from  different 
countries. 

164 

 
 
Agriculture 

Social Welfare 
Support 

Infrastructure 
and 
Equipment 
Upgrades 

Spain 

Agricultural support in Onseepkans 

Melon harvest delivered to market 

Kindergarten feeding scheme programme 

Back2School Programme – New uniforms 

Hot water and air-conditioning provided to a local hospital 

In 2022, we donated $2.5 thousand to the Congregation of Little Sisters of the Poors, an 
organisation that helps elderly people in need in different countries. 

165 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Donation to the Congregation of Little Sisters of the Poor 

In Spain, we also promoted the benefits of clean energies among local communities. We 
invited university students and organised a birdwatching trip with two ornithologists for 
40 schoolchildren to one of our solar plants. 

United States 

Solana 

In 2022, Solana donated backpacks and supplies to the Gila Bend School valued at $5 
thousand, an automated external defibrillator (AED) to the Gila Bend Fire Department 
valued at $1.6 thousand, and $1 thousand to the Paloma School for a Family Fun Night. 

AED donation to the Gila Bend Fire Department 

Mojave 

In  2022,  Mojave  donated  $5  thousand  to  the  Mojave  Environmental  Education 
Consortium (MEEC) to provide training and resources to local students in projects such 
as energy, air quality, water quality and sustainability, as well as enrolment in a field trip 
programme. In addition, we also donated a business copier machine to a local school to 
support the educators.  

166 

 
 
 
 
 
Coso 

In 2022, we provided cash donations of $108 thousand to support college scholarships, 
local  youth  sports,  schools,  and  various  local  organisations  and  charities.  We  also 
provided support for the building of a new pavilion at one of the local parks. In addition, 
we sponsored fishing derbies, concerts, fairs, parades and other events that generated 
revenues for the local communities. 

Support to the Eastern Sierra Foundation 

Donations to the Bishop Sunrise Rotary 

Asset Management 

Asset  management  refers  to  the  systematic  process  of  developing,  operating, 
maintaining  and  improving  the  assets  in  the  most  cost-effective  manner,  while 
considering costs, risks, opportunities and performance factors. Asset management also 
involves health and safety, environmental matters, compliance, financial, economic and 
other practices applied to the assets. 

Excellence and efficiency are part of our core values. We believe in the outstanding and 
disciplined  operation  of  our  assets,  while  seeking  operational  excellence  in  a  cost-
efficient manner. Atlantica’ asset management policy is publicly available on our website. 

Asset managers supervise day-to-day activities of each of our assets and report to three 
Geographic  VPs,  who  have  full  responsibility  and  accountability  for  the  assets  they 
manage. In addition, the corporate operations team supports asset managers by auditing 
the  assets’  health  and  safety,  operational  and  environmental  performance  by 
implementing best practices and improvements, and by developing asset management 
tools, while the internal audit team audits asset records, processes and procedures. 

167 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summarised Asset Management and Corporate Department Functions 

and 

best 

practices 

Asset Management Functions 
Manage  operation  and  maintenance  activities. 
Implement 
audit 
recommendations, and share lessons learned 
ESG  management2,  including  implementing  a 
zero-accident culture, minimizing environmental 
impacts, and overall asset risk identification and 
mitigation 
Cash  management,  budget-tracking,  preparing 
financials 
Manage relationships with all asset stakeholders 
Measure, monitor and report asset KPIs  

Corporate Department1 Supporting Functions 
  Operations,  health  and  safety,  environment  and 

quality 

  Accounting, 

financing, 

control, 
administration,  tax,  insurance  and  information 
technology3 

budget 

Internal audit and risks management 

Legal, compliance, and people and culture 

  Purchasing 

1  Corporate departments focused on supporting and controlling geographies. 
2  We encourage you to read section Sustainability Governance for further details on ESG-related functions. 
3  We  encourage  you  to  read  section  Innovation  Management  for  further  details  on  enhanced  machine  learning 

capabilities aimed at improving asset performance. 

Asset Management Approach 

Atlantica’s asset management objectives and targets are set on an annual basis. These 
are discussed and agreed at the Health and Safety, ESG and Operations Committee. The 
Board of Directors approves consolidated key performance indicators. 

We believe in a disciplined and efficient asset management approach. To achieve this, 
we monitor the performance of our assets in real time. We identify deviations, analyse 
them, learn from potential errors and apply corrective actions whenever needed. 

We  believe  that  by  investing  in  our  monitoring  and  predictive  capabilities,  we  will 
improve  our  asset  performance  over  time.  We  refer  to  the  Innovation  Management 
section for detailed information on our data analytics and machine learning initiatives. 

We have monthly KPIs on health and safety, operation and maintenance, environmental 
metrics,  equipment  availability  and  overall  plant  performance.  We  also  have  an  ERP-
software  that  enables  us  to  have  strict  control  over  our  inventory,  spare  parts,  work 
orders, work permits, accounting, and maintenance records among other thigs. 

Atlantica’s Health and Safety, Environmental and Quality Management System are ISO 
45001,  14001,  and  9001  compliant,  respectively,  for  the  activities  of  acquisition  and 
management of contracted assets. An external third party (DNV) audits our Health and 
Safety,  Environmental  and  Quality  Management  System  annually.  Our  certifications, 
obtained for the first time in 2015, were renewed in May 2021 and are valid until May 
2024.  In  addition,  our  Information  Security  Management  System  (ISMS)  is  ISO  27001 
compliant. This certification was obtained in September 2022 and is valid until September 
2025. 

The  Company’s  management  system  gives  us  a  high  degree  of  confidence  that  we 
comply with our own policies and with the regulations in force in each of the countries 
we operate in. In particular, we measure and monitor the environmental impact of our 
activities (including among others how these impact our local communities close to our 
assets as well as other stakeholders), and we analyse initiatives to reduce our GHG and 
non-GHG emissions, water consumption, and hazardous and non-hazardous waste. 

168 

 
 
 
 
 
We  perform  annual  internal  audits  on  our  assets  to  ensure  compliance  with  our  best 
practices and to promote continuous improvement. The Operations Department audits 
all our assets at least every two years. The purpose of these audits is to perform an in-
depth  operational,  maintenance,  engineering,  health  and  safety  and  environmental 
indicators assessment, as well as to assess compliance with internal corporate reporting 
requirements.  The  internal  audit  team  reviews  the  internal  controls  and  financial 
information of all our assets on an annual basis. Specific internal audits may be carried 
out on certain assets on an as-needed basis. 

Audit  findings  are  discussed  between  the  Geographic  VPs,  Asset  Managers  and  the 
Operations Director or the Head of Internal Audit. Key audit findings are discussed in the 
Geographic  Committees,  allowing  senior  corporate  management  to  better  assess  our 
business  activities,  identify  improvement  areas  and  implement  corrective  action  plans 
when necessary. In 2022, we had 13 of our assets audited by the Operations team, which 
resulted  in  recommendations  for  273  improvement  actions  (vs.  91  in  2021).  A  high 
percentage of these improvement actions relate to non-material findings corresponding 
to operation and maintenance, health and safety, and environmental internal standards. 
In 2022, we identified 182 additional improvement actions compared to 2021. This was 
mainly due to the increased number of assets audited (including recently acquired assets 
where  we  have  performed  audits  following  Atlantica’s  asset  management  standards, 
process and procedures), and the increased scope of our audits. In 2021, due to COVID-
19 restrictions, some audits were performed remotely and some others were performed 
partially, resulting in a lower number of identified improvement actions.  

Number of Assets Audited and Improvement Actions in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Number of assets audited 
Number of identified 
improvement actions 

2022 
13 

273 

2021 
7 

91 

2020 
12 

173 

Note 1: We have revised 2021 and 2020 figures following the updated 2022 classification (e.g., account for Solacor 1&2 
as one asset (vs. two assets)). 
Note 2: Approximately 20% of the identified improvement actions in 2022 have been implemented. The rest (improvement 
actions mainly identified in Q3 and Q4 2022 audits) are expected to be implemented during 2023.  
Note 3: All improvement actions identified in 2021 were implemented during 2021 and 2022. 

Geographic VPs, Asset Managers and the Corporate Operations team dedicate time and 
effort to implement improvement actions. The progress on implemented improvement 
actions are reviewed at different management committees.  

To  meet  Atlantica’s  asset  management  objectives,  the  Company  provides  specific 
training  to  its  employees.  In  2022,  training  received  by  our  asset  employees  included 
health  and  safety,  enhanced  technical  skills  on  electric  systems,  heat  exchangers,  and 
hydraulic pumps among others, and compliance-related programmes. Atlantica’s senior 
management is convinced that well-trained employees will foster continuous day-to-day 
improvement, hence improving asset performance.  

Our asset management functions include ESG factors. On the environmental side, asset 
managers  are  generally  requested  to  share  lessons  learnt,  implement  best  practices, 
measure, monitor and report KPIs, and implement internal audit recommendations and 
actions  to  reduce  our  environmental  footprint.  Regarding  the  social  dimension,  asset 
managers  are  requested  to  implement  measures  to  promote  and  maintain  a  zero-

169 

 
 
 
accident  culture.  On  the  governance  dimension,  asset  managers  are  requested  to 
proactively manage asset risks and ensure asset compliance with internal and external 
rules and regulations. 

Summarised Key Asset Management ESG-Related Responsibilities 

Environment 
-  Identify environmental risks, 

Social 
-  Implement a zero-accident 

Compliance 
- Compliance with all 

improve efficiency and 
reduce overall costs. 

culture at all assets. 

-  Identify health and safety 

-  Implement environmental 

risks, perform walk & talks. 

audit findings 
recommendations. 

-  Share lessons-learnt and 
implement operational, 
environmental, and quality 
best practices. 

-  Maintain environmental and 
quality management system 
certifications. 

-  Implement health and 
safety audit findings 
recommendations. 

-  Share lessons-learnt and 
implement health and 
safety best practices. 

-  Maintain health and safety 

management system 
certifications. 

-  Measure, monitor, and 

-  Measure, monitor, and 

internal and external rules, 
regulations, processes, and 
procedures. 

- Proactively manage and 

report asset risks. 

- Promote reporting of any 
complaints and concerns, 
as well as any breaches of 
the Code of Conduct or 
any conduct contrary to 
ethics, law, or the 
company’s standards. 

report key GHG and non-
GHG emissions, waste and 
water indicators. Implement 
actions to reduce their 
impact. 

-  Implement biodiversity 

initiatives. 

report key social indicators, 
including health and safety, 
and people and culture key 
metrics. 

-  Propose suppliers 
considering the 
environmental and 
biodiversity impacts of their 
product/service. 
-  Support long-term 

development of local 
communities close to our 
assets. 

Asset Closure 

We are committed to rehabilitating land to its “before-use” state, minimizing negative 
impacts. As of December 31, 2022, our assets had a weighted average remaining contract 
life of approximately 14 years46. Our first Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) or regulated 
contract where we have operational control ends in 2031 and in many cases the useful 
life of the asset goes beyond the duration of the PPA. For example, the PPA of Lone Star 
II, one of the assets in our Vento II portfolio where we own a 49% stake, ended in January 
2023 and the asset continues operating, selling electricity at electricity market prices. No 
asset  has  been  dismantled  since  our  incorporation.  We  believe  that  we  can  continue 
operating  some  of  our  assets  beyond  their  contract  or  regulatory  life.  ATN  and  ATS 
transmission  lines  property  will  be  transferred  to  the  government  at  the  end  of  the 
concession period. For the rest of the assets, if or when we decide to stop operations 
after the contracted period, we are committed to dismantling the asset and returning the 

46 Calculated as weighted average years remaining as of December 31, 2022 based on CAFD estimates for 
the 2023-2027 period, including assets that have reached COD before March 1, 2023. 

170 

 
 
 
 
 
land  to  its  original  state.  In  most  of  the  assets,  the  process  would  consist  of  taking 
equipment  apart.  We  do  not  expect  any  environmental  or  landscape  impact  after 
dismantling. 

On a yearly basis, we update our dismantling provision. The estimated total amount of 
dismantling  costs  include  health  and  safety  and  environmental  measures  to  avoid 
significant environmental or landscape impacts. We plan to involve local communities in 
the  dismantling  activities.  Our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Geographic  VPs  hold 
responsibility  and  accountability  for  future  land  closure  and  rehabilitation.  For  more 
information  on  dismantling  provisions,  please  read  our  2022  financial  statements 
available in this report. 

In USD million 
Dismantling provision 

2022 
141 

2021 
125 

2020 
88 

The dismantling provision increase from $125 million in 2021 to $141 million in 2022 was 
mainly due to dismantling obligations from recently acquired assets. The increase from 
$88 million in 2020 to $125 million in 2021 was mainly due to the reduction of the useful 
life of our solar plants in Spain from 35 years to 25 years after COD following the Energy 
and  Climate  Policy  Framework  adopted  by  Spain  in  2020.  The  useful  life  reduction 
increased the dismantling provision as the dismantling of the plants is expected to occur 
earlier. 

Innovation Management 

Within  the  energy  sector,  innovation  contributes  to  the  fight  against  climate  change 
through  new  or  enhanced  technologies  that  enable  more  sustainable,  reliable  and 
efficient solutions, including storage and green hydrogen solutions. Innovation is also 
key in the development of new tools and systems to more efficiently operate and manage 
sustainable  infrastructure  assets.  Artificial  intelligence  in  general,  and  particularly  data 
analytics  and  machine  learning,  provide  new  solutions  to  predictive  analysis  for  the 
maintenance  and  operation  of  generating  assets  in  a  sustainable  and  cost-effective 
manner. 

We own a total of 31 patents and technology licences, as well as 6 patents currently in 
approval  process,  related  to  key  components  of  our  assets.  We  have  an  Operations 
Department that dedicates time and effort to identifying potential measures to improve 
asset performance, reduce operating costs and develop tools to manage our assets more 
efficiently.  We  also  have  joint-collaboration  agreements  in  place  with  universities  and 
innovation institutions as well as with certain suppliers and service providers across the 
regions where we operate to develop intelligent solutions to improve asset performance. 

In addition, we have an in-house advanced analytics team to improve the performance 
of our existing technologies. The advanced analytics team focuses on data analytics and 
machine learning technologies to provide accurate energy production forecasts, predict 
equipment breakdowns or malfunctions, and reduce the risk of major outages as well as 
health and safety and environmental risks, among others. 

In  2022,  we  continued  (1)  strengthening  our  modelling,  data  analytics  and  artificial 
intelligence capabilities, and (2) moving forward on our digitalisation roadmap to cover 

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a broader scope of key components and the range of failure mechanisms. In particular, 
we  have: (i)  expanded  our  portfolio  of  machine  learning  models,  physical  models  and 
diagnosis capabilities, and (ii) signed new and increased scope of existing collaboration 
agreements with equipment manufacturers. We have also continued to deploy sensors 
and  tools  on  key  equipment  at  our  assets  in  order  to  collect  asset  information  and 
develop data-driven models to: 

-  Detect anomalies and operational deviations of key equipment, 
-  Diagnose faults or failure and assessing their root causes,  
-  Predict expected fault progression, and 
-  Recommend the most suitable maintenance actions, among other actions. 

Furthermore, we have improved our remote monitoring capabilities of our assets from 
our  centralised  monitoring  centre,  including  the  development  and  automatisation  of 
operational reports. We have also hired additional specialised personnel. 

We  have  already  benefited  from  our  innovation  initiatives.  For  example,  thanks  to 
deployed sensors on key equipment and our data analytics capabilities, we have been 
able to prevent failures in: (1) wind turbines, (2) electric transformers in solar and wind 
assets, and (3) water feed pumps in solar assets. We expect that our efforts in operational 
innovation  will  continue,  over  time,  to  reduce  costs,  to  improve  asset  performance, 
maximizing energy production, minimizing risks and to extending the useful life of our 
assets. 

Cybersecurity and Data Privacy 

Our information security policies, procedures and processes apply to all our activities in 
all the geographies where we operate. 

Cybersecurity 

Atlantica  has  a  digitalised,  cloud-based  collaborative  work  environment  in-place  that 
promotes a strong cybersecurity culture.  

Atlantica relies on both a physical and a digital technological infrastructure to support its 
processes  and  operations.  These  systems  are  subject  to  disruption,  damage  or  failure 
from  a  variety  of  sources,  including,  without  limitation,  computer  viruses,  security 
breaches, cyber-attacks, ransomware attacks, malicious or destructive code and phishing 
attacks.  Cybersecurity  incidents,  in  particular,  are  constantly  evolving  and  include 
malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorised access to data and other electronic 
security  breaches  that  could  lead  to  disruptions  in  systems,  unauthorised  release  of 
confidential or otherwise protected information and to the corruption of data. We have 
preventive, detective and reactive controls in-place to avoid and/or mitigate damage or 
failure to our plants that could lead to business disruption (i.e., being unable to operate 
our plants or to access our Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems). These controls 
are based on international standards, frameworks, best practices, internal and external 
audit recommendations, and insights gained from other companies. 

Details on our cybersecurity risks are addressed in the Principal Risks and Uncertainties 
section of the Strategic Report. 

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To prevent cybersecurity risks, we regularly review our capabilities, reassess our IT policy, 
incident  response  procedure  and,  cybersecurity  practices,  as  well  as  review  our 
communication  and  cybersecurity  related  training  across  the  Company  to  support 
resilience  across  our  ecosystems.  In  2022,  we  continued  investing  time  and  effort  in 
strengthening  prevention,  monitoring  and  threat-detection  measures  in  line  with 
international  standards.  For  example,  our  Information  Security  Management  System 
(ISMS) is ISO 27001 compliant. Our certification was obtained in September 2022 and is 
valid until September 2025. We also increased our on-site and cybersecurity measures to 
ensure that our systems remain functional to serve the operational needs of our blended 
on-site  and  remote  workforce,  keeping  them  in  operation  to  ensure  uninterrupted 
service to our customers. These measures ranged from software improvement, tailored 
communications to raising security awareness among our workforce, and implementing 
mandatory IT security training aimed at detecting, monitoring and preventing threats. 
For  example,  our  employees  received  training  on  identifying  phishing  in  its  different 
forms (e.g., email, phone calls, SMS, etc.) its potential consequences (e.g., data breaches, 
plant operation disruption, economic loss, reputational damage, etc.) and implementing 
sophisticated corporate and personal password maintenance.  

We also regularly conduct internal and external audits to ensure that our cybersecurity 
controls are updated and effective, including simulated and targeted cyberattacks to our 
servers  and  employees’  accounts.  The  results  of  this  ethical  hacking  exercise  are 
published quarterly in a “Wall of shame” that is accessible to every employee in the IT 
Security Hub. We regularly update our risk map on identifying, evaluating and mitigating 
information  security  risks.  High-level  areas  of  focus  are  IT  policies,  human  resources 
security,  access  control,  physical  security,  operational  and  communication  security, 
cryptography,  incident  management,  supplier  relationships,  business  continuity  and 
compliance. 

Cybersecurity-Related Incidents in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Number of cybersecurity incidents 

Cybersecurity governance 

2022 
0 

2021 
0 

2020 
0 

The  Board  is  responsible  for  the  effective  oversight  of  the  Company’s  strategy  and 
performance, financial reporting, corporate governance process, and internal control and 
risk  management  framework,  including  cybersecurity  risks.  The  Board  of  Directors  is 
informed at least twice a year on the cybersecurity strategy, measures and systems to 
securely protect and safeguard Atlantica's information.  

At the management level, our Head of IT, with approximately 25 years of experience in 
information security, is responsible for implementing Atlantica's cybersecurity strategy. 
The Head of IT reports to the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and is a member of both the 
Management  Committee  and  the  Compliance  Management  Committee.  The  Chief 
Executive Officer, the CFO and the Head of IT review Atlantica's information security at 
least on a monthly basis. 

173 

 
 
 
Data Privacy 

All  Atlantica’s  activities,  including  those  of  our  directors  and  employees,  as  well  as 
everyone we have a relationship with, are required to comply with our Compliance Policy 
on privacy and personal data protection. This policy is based on the European General 
Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the U.K. Data Protection Act (DPA) and applies to all 
Atlantica companies. In particular, the Policy sets a framework that enables compliance 
with local data protection and privacy laws, and defines a baseline for those countries 
where there are no equivalent legal requirements. 

We have several mechanisms in-place to ensure effective implementation of our Privacy 
Policy: 

•  Our Code of Conduct addresses privacy and personal data protection. All employees 
receive  annual  training  on  our  code.  The  code  is  approved  annually  by  Atlantica 
employees. 

•  Clear and direct data protection and privacy responsibilities. 

-  The  Compliance  Management  Committee  is  responsible  for  coordinating  and 
managing personal data protection activities. It is also responsible for reassessing, 
on  an  annual  or  as-needed  basis,  the  compliance  and  efficacy  of  our  data 
protection and privacy policies. To do so, regular internal and biannual external 
audits are conducted to identify and mitigate potential privacy and personal data 
risks  and  their  compliance  with  rules  and  regulations.  For  example,  as  part  of 
these  audits,  we  review  that  all  our  activities  comply  with  data  protection  and 
privacy  regulations,  including  the  GDPR  requirements.  We  are  committed  to 
protecting  all  stakeholder  information,  including  that  of  employees,  suppliers 
(including subcontractors working at our assets), investors and other stakeholders 
confidential data. In particular: 
-  The Head of IT and Administration leads day-to-day data protection activities 
and is responsible for implementing the control measures and developments 
needed to ensure compliance with rules and regulations on data protection in 
Atlantica’s information security management systems. 

-  The  Head  of  Risk  Management  oversees  risk  management  processes, 
procedures and tools implemented by the Company, including the risk map. 
Data protection and privacy is included in the risk map. The Board of Directors 
monitors risks on a quarterly basis as part of the Company’s risk management 
assessment. 

-  Personal  data  and  privacy  issues  can  be  escalated  to  the  Compliance 
Management Committee through face-to-face meetings, video or phone calls, or 
via email (dataprotection@atlantica.com, or compliance@atlantica.com). 

•  We  provide  data  protection  training  to  acquaint  employees  on  the  rights  of 
individuals  to  control  their  personal  information  and  data  confidentiality,  integrity 
and availability. 

•  Data  protection  documentation  is  available  to  all  Atlantica  employees  on  the 
Company’s intranet. In addition, we publicly inform stakeholders about our privacy 
data  measures  on  our  website 
(https://www.atlantica.com/web/en/privacy-
policy/index.html) providing details on:  

174 

 
 
the nature of the information captured,  

(i) 
(ii)  the use of the collected information,  
(iii)  the  possibility  for  stakeholders  to  decide  how  private  data  is  collected,  used, 

retained and processed, 

(iv)  how long the information is kept on corporate files, and  
(v)  how the information is protected.  

We do not use stakeholder’s data collection outside of the primary purpose for which 
the  data  was  collected,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  selling  targeted  ads  or 
transferring data or information to a third-party through either sale, rental, or sharing. 

We have a zero-tolerance approach to privacy and data breaches. In 2022, 2021 and 2020 
we  did  not  identify  any  substantiated  complaints  regarding  leaks,  thefts,  or  losses  of 
stakeholder data. 

Incidents Relating to Data Protection and Privacy in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Number of substantiated complaints 
-  From regulatory entities 
-  From other sources  
Total substantiated complaints 

Tax Management 

Tax Strategy 

2022 
0 
0 
0 

2021 
0 
0 
0 

2020 
0 
0 
0 

Atlantica has a tax strategy in place that serves as a set of principles and guidelines for 
all  our  geographies.  This  strategy  is  based  on  values  of  integrity,  compliance,  and 
excellence,  complies  with  Schedule  19  of  the  U.K.  Finance  Act  2016,  and  is  publicly 
available on our website.  

Our  tax  policy,  procedures  and  processes  apply  to  our  tax  operations,  reporting  and 
compliance of Atlantica and its subsidiaries.  

The Tax Strategy applies to directors, officers, finance and administration personnel, tax 
professionals employed by Atlantica, as well as other stakeholders, including tax advisors 
and service providers. 

General Principles 

Atlantica is committed to complying with all tax obligations and providing disclosure to 
tax  authorities.  Compliance for  Atlantica  means paying  the  right amount  of  tax  in  the 
right place at the right time. 

We  are  also  committed  to  applying  the  Organisation  for  Economic  Co-operation  and 
Development  (OECD)  tax  guidelines  for  multinational  companies  -  including  the 
adoption of the arm’s length principle in intra-group related party transactions following 
OECD  guidelines  -  and  complying  with  the  tax  legislation  in  force  in  those  countries 
where we operate.  

Atlantica’s Tax Strategy is governed by the following tax practices: 

-  Legality. Attitude towards tax planning 

175 

 
 
Our  business  activities  are  conducted  in  compliance  with  tax  obligations  in  the 
countries where we are present. We do not engage in aggressive tax planning and do 
not participate in artificial tax avoidance schemes to reduce our tax liability. Our tax 
planning is supported by economic arguments. In addition, we engage with external 
tax advisors where there is need for tax guidance and support. 

-  Tax risk management and tax governance 

We have implemented risk management tools to identify, monitor and mitigate any 
potential tax risk. 

The  management  and  control  of  tax  risk  begins  with  the  identification  and 
classification of the risks to which we are subject. We regularly assess our tax risks and 
uncertainties.  The  effectiveness  of  our  tax  procedures  is  ensured  through  different 
workflows of approval, periodic monitoring of tax affairs with corporate departments 
and local employees, external advisory, and periodic internal and external audits. 

Atlantica’s  Corporate  Tax  Department  trains,  educates  and  supports  corporate  and 
local departments that manage or process tax data. 

-  Appropriate relationship with tax authorities 

We seek to have a relationship with tax authorities based on integrity, transparency 
and good faith, aiming to resolve any potential dispute in a timely manner by working 
collaboratively with them. 

We  engage  with  tax  advisors  where  a  particular  tax  law  or  regulation  is  unclear  or 
subject to interpretation to be fully compliant or to help the administration team in 
those geographies where we do not have a local tax team. 

Tax governance bodies and organisation 

Atlantica has integrated the Tax Strategy into its businesses. The tax strategy is applied 
through different governance bodies at Board and management level.  

Board of Directors 

-  Responsible for the effective oversight of among others, Atlantica’s tax affairs. 
- 
The  Board  reviews  potential  tax  risks  when  evaluating  investments  and 
receives tax updates on an as-needed basis. 

Audit Committee 
(at Board level)  

- 

The Audit Committee assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities 
concerning the risks, including the tax function.  

Business 
Committee 

Investment 
Committee 
Accounting and 
Disclosure 
Committee 

The Audit Committee receives tax updates on an as-needed basis. 

- 
-  Analyse short and medium-term key decisions and define appropriate action 

plans to implement these decisions, including tax affairs.  

-  Analyse potential growth opportunities considering tax affairs. 

-  Responsible for analysing and implementing the Company’s most significant 
accounting  policies,  including  those  related  to  tax  accounting  affairs  and 
decide on the appropriate disclosure of tax matters. 

Key tax-related departments and responsibilities include:  

Corporate tax 
Department 

-  Under  the  CFO´s  supervision,  is  responsible  for  the  design,  development, 
implementation  and  coordination  of  the  tax  function  following  our  Tax 
Strategy.  

176 

 
 
Local tax and 
administration 
departments 

Geographic VPs 
and country 
managers 
Consolidation 
Department 

Internal audit 
Department 

-  Meets with Geographic VPs, country managers and tax advisors among others, 

are held to control tax risks. 

-  Responsible for the execution of the tax functions. They are responsible for the 
tax  compliance  functions  in  the  countries  under  their  responsibility  in 
coordination with the Corporate Tax Department. 

-  Overall  responsible  for  the  assets  they  manage,  including  tax  affairs  in  the 

countries under their responsibility. 

-  Responsible for the accounting policies, including the tax accounting matters 

and deferred taxes. 

-  Oversee 

internal  controls,  evaluate  policies,  procedures  and 

tools 

implemented by the Company, including those related to the tax function. 

Tax  stakeholder  engagement,  management  of  stakeholder  concerns,  and 
mechanisms for reporting unethical or unlawful tax behaviour 

We  have  different  communication  channels  in  place  to  report  any  misconduct  or 
instances  of  non-compliance  with  our  compliance  policy  framework,  including  tax 
irregularities, or unethical or unlawful tax behaviour. These are the whistleblower and the 
compliance  channels.  Additional  information  is  provided  in  the  Ethics  section  of  this 
Strategic Report. 

177 

 
 
 
 
Section 172 Statement 

The  Board  is  ultimately  responsible  for  the  long-term  success  of  the  Company.  Our 
Directors  are  aware  of  their  responsibility  to  promote  the  success  of  the  Company  in 
accordance with Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 and have acted in accordance 
with these responsibilities during the year.  

The Board’s Approach to Section 172 and Decision-Making 

The Board acknowledges that Atlantica’s purpose is to support the transition towards a 
more sustainable world by investing in and managing sustainable infrastructure assets, 
while  creating  long-term  value  for  its  shareholders,  employees,  suppliers,  customers, 
business  partners,  local  communities  and  debt  investors.  As  such,  the  Board  has 
considered their interests and the impact of its decisions on these stakeholders as part 
of its decision-making process. When making such decisions, each Director has acted in 
the  way  they  consider,  in  good  faith,  would  most  likely  promote  the  success  of  the 
Company for the benefit of its stakeholders. 

The  Board  believes  governance  of  the  Company  is  best  achieved  by  delegation  of  its 
authority for the executive management to the Chief Executive Officer, subject to a set 
of  defined  limits  and  monitoring  by  the  Board.  The  Board  routinely  monitors  the 
delegation  of  authority,  ensuring  that  it  is  regularly  updated,  while  retaining  ultimate 
responsibility. 

Stakeholder Identification and Engagement 

At Atlantica, we acknowledge that our stakeholders have a broad range of interests and 
viewpoints. We believe that collaboration with them is key to our success. As such, we 
listen and do our best to gain stakeholders’ trust, thus leading to a more stable and long-
term relationship. Across the Company, we engage with our stakeholders to obtain input 
that can be helpful as we execute on our strategy. 

We believe that systematic stakeholder engagement, executed properly, is likely to result 
in ongoing learning within the Company, as well as increased accountability to a range 
of stakeholders. 

We have made a two-way engagement channel available for our stakeholders to build 
trusting  long-term  relationships.  We  refer  to  the  ESG  materiality  analysis  for  further 
information on stakeholder inclusiveness. 

The Board ensures that stakeholder considerations are considered in strategic decision-
making  by  requiring  that  strategic  proposals  include  an  analysis  of  key  stakeholder 
impacts, which form part of the decision-making process. 

Our Employees 

Our  people  are  fundamental  for  the  long-term  success  of  the  Company.  Atlantica,  its 
Board and its management are committed to prioritising and actively promoting health 
and  safety.  In  addition,  we  provide  a  work  environment  free  of  discrimination, 

178 

 
 
intimidation and sexual and non-sexual harassment where everyone can participate in 
the  success  of  the  business.  We  refer  to  sections  Health  and  Safety,  Business  Ethics, 
Human Rights, and People Management.  

We perform an employee climate survey at least every three years to assess employees’ 
satisfaction. The goal is to receive feedback, as well as to engage with our employees. 
The survey is confidential, managed by a third-party, and results are aggregated, shared 
and  discussed  with  supervisors.  In  October  2022  we  carried  out  an  employee  climate 
survey. Approximately 78% of employees took part and the general engagement with 
the  Company  was  68%.  Atlantica  scored  highly  in  several  areas,  including  employees’ 
satisfaction with their immediate manager/supervisor. This survey helped us to identify 
certain areas for improvement. Management prepared action plans for those areas. The 
Board receives reports on the survey results together with action plans that management 
intends to take moving forward. 

We  refer  to  the  Employees,  Diversity  and  Inclusion,  Business  Ethics,  Our  People  and 
Culture, Health and Safety and Data Privacy sections for further employee-related details 
and initiatives. 

Key employee-related metrics followed by the Board include: 

Health and Safety 

Human Rights  

Employee 

Percentage of Women  

Data Protection and 
Privacy 

Total Recordable Frequency Index (TRFI)47 
Lost Time Frequency Index (LTFI)48 
Near  Misses  Unsafe  Acts  and  Unsafe 
Conditions Frequency Performance Indicator 
Number of human rights incidents 
Voluntary Turnover by year-end 
Total turnover by year-end 
Average Annual Training per employee  
(in hours) 
At Management Level 
Over Total Number of Employees 
Number of data protection and privacy 
incidents  

2022 
5.0 
2.9 

1,198 

0 
12.8% 
22.2% 

29 

23% 
20% 

0 

2021 
6.0 
2.3 

1,540 

0 
11.0% 
16.9% 

37 

23% 
25% 

0 

Note 1: Turnover rates calculated based on the average number of employees in each year.  
Note 2: Health and safety industry benchmarks provided in the Health and Safety section. 

Our Shareholders and Debt Investors 

The support and engagement of our shareholders, potential shareholders, debt investors 
and capital markets is key for the future success of our business. Continued access to 
capital  is  of  vital  importance  to  the  long-term  success  of  our  business,  especially 
considering that our strategy includes distributing a high portion of the cash we generate 
as dividend and growing that dividend through acquisitions and investments.  

We strive to effectively communicate our strategic objectives and operating and financial 
performance through our engagement activities, including:  

1  Total Recordable Frequency Index (TRFI) represents the total number of recordable accidents with and without lost-time recorded in the 

last 12 months per million hours worked. 

2  Lost Time Frequency Index (LTFI) represents the total number of lost-time accidents recorded in the last 12 months per million hours 

worked. 

179 

 
 
 
 
 
-  Dialogue with shareholders, prospective shareholders and analysts, led by the Chief 
Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Head of Investor Relations. Our Chair of 
the  Board  and  Independent  Directors  are  also  available  to  meet  institutional 
shareholders. 

-  Quarterly earnings presentations with Q&A. 

Major investor relations engagement activities carried out in 2022 include: 

-  132 meetings with existing and potential investors. 
-  Attendance at 21 investor conferences and roadshows. 

Investors can contact our Head of Investor Relations or access all public information on 
our website (www.atlantica.com). 

The Board periodically receives feedback on the views of our shareholders, including their 
main issues and concerns. The Board also reviews reports from sector analysts on the 
Company.  

The  Annual  General  Meeting  is  also  an  important  part  of  effective  engagement  and 
communication  with  shareholders.  All  shareholders  have  the  opportunity  to  ask 
questions  at  our  AGM  meetings.  The  Chair  of  the  Board  and  the  Chairs  of  all  the 
Committees at Board level are available to answer questions at that meeting. 

We also maintain a dialogue with the two proxy advisory agencies covering Atlantica to 
explain the main resolutions included in the notice to our AGM and answer any questions 
they may have.  

The Environment and Local Communities 

Our  Board  of  Directors  believes  climate  change  can  lead  to  significant  risks  and 
opportunities for the Company and its stakeholders. Our strategy is focused on climate 
change solutions in the power and water sectors and we therefore see sustainability and 
climate change as a growth opportunity for us. 

We  have  a  GHG  reduction  objective  approved  by  the  Science  Based  Targets  initiative 
(SBTi).  Atlantica  targets  to  reduce  Scope  1  and  2  GHG  emissions  per  kWh  of  energy 
generated by 70% by 2035 from a 2020 base year49.  

In addition, we have a goal to maintain over 80% of our adjusted EBITDA generated from 
low  carbon  footprint  assets  including  renewable  energy,  storage,  transmission 
infrastructure and water assets. 

Following our long-term commitment to sustainability, we have set new targets to reduce 
our:  

1.  GHG emissions. We target to:  

(i)  reduce our Scope 3 GHG emissions per kWh of energy generated by 70% by 2035 

from a 2020 base year, and 

(ii)  achieve Net Zero GHG emissions by 2040. 

49 The target boundary includes steam generation. 

180 

 
 
 
2.  Non-GHG  emissions.  We  target  to  reduce  our  non-GHG  emissions50  per  kWh  of 

energy generated by 50% by 2035 from a 2020 base year. 

3.  Water consumption. We target to reduce our water consumption per kWh of energy 

generated by 50% by 2035 from a 2020 base year. 

Our  Board  takes  sustainability  targets  into  consideration  while  making  decisions, 
including capital allocation. Our Board also monitors the main impacts that our assets 
may have on the environment through waste. 

Furthermore,  we  acknowledge  that  our  day-to-day  activities  have  impacts  on  nearby 
communities. 

The key metrics followed by the Board are: 

At least 80% of adjusted EBITDA coming from 
low carbon footprint assets 

Scope 1 

Scope 2 

Scope 3 

Total 

thousand tonnes of 
CO2 
thousand tonnes of 
CO2 
thousand tonnes of 
CO2 
thousand tonnes of 
CO2 

GHG Emissions 

2022 

89% 

2021 

88% 

1,844 

1,795 

249 

814 

237 

798  

2,907 

2,830  

Scopes 1 and 2 GHG 
Emission Rate per Unit of 
Energy Generated 

tonnes of gCO2/kWh 

168 

185  

Water 
Management in 
Power Generation 

Offsets 

thousand tonnes of 
CO2 

Withdrawal 

m3 per MWh 

Discharges 

m3 per MWh 

320 

1.42 

0.17 

260 

1.58  

0.21 

Waste 
Management 

Hazardous waste 
Non-hazardous waste 

tonnes of waste 
tonnes of waste 

1,908 
23,142 

2,664  
22,238  

Community Investment and Development 

Investments focused on 
improving infrastructure and 
supporting education 

We  refer  to  the  Key  Performance  Indicators,  Environmental  Sustainability  and  Local 
Communities sections for further environment and local communities-related details and 
initiatives. 

Our Suppliers and Business Partners 

We have a Supplier Code of Conduct and expect our suppliers to adhere to it. We include 
our requirements in our contractual arrangements with suppliers. The Board reviews our 
Code of Conduct and Supplier Code of Conduct on an ongoing basis, at least once per 
year. In addition, we have a Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement which sets 
out the steps taken to prevent modern slavery in our business and supply chains. 

50 Non-GHG emissions including nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). 

181 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In 2022 we continued the environmental certification of our suppliers described in the 
Supply Chain Management section. 

In addition, we have partners in some of our assets. In some cases, such as at Solacor 1 
&  2,  Solaben  2 & 3,  Seville  PV,  Kaxu,  Skikda,  Tenes  and  Chile PV 1,  2 and  3, we  have 
control over the asset. In other cases, such as Honaine, Monterrey or Vento II, we do not 
manage the projects’ day-to-day operations. As an example, our partner in Vento II is 
EDP Renewables (EDPR), a company with ethical standards similar to those set out in our 
Code. In any case, our Geographic VPs maintain regular engagement and dialogue with 
our partners. To the extent possible, considering Atlantica’s ownership interest, we try to 
apply our Code of Conduct and business ethics practices in affiliates where we do not 
have control. 

Among others, the key metrics followed by the Board are: 

Adherence of new suppliers to Atlantica’s Supplier Code of Conduct  
Internal pre-screen evaluation of new suppliers 
External supplier evaluation1 

1 Percentage of total annual operating expenses  

2022 
~100% 
100% 
~45% 

2021 
~100% 
100% 
>51% 

We  refer  to  the  Supply  Chain  Management  section  for  further  supply  chain-related 
details. 

Our Customers 

Our customers are mainly comprised of electric utilities and corporations. We also have 
electric  systems  and  government  owned  electricity  and  transmission  companies  as 
customers. 

Engagement with clients is achieved through dialogue led by Geographic VPs, country 
managers  and/or  asset  managers.  This  generally  enables  us  to  identify  and  react  in 
advance to our customers’ needs. We listen and do our best to gain our customers’ trust, 
thus leading to a more stable and long-term relationship. 

We refer to the Customer Management section for further customer-related details. 

Strategic Decisions  

In 2022, the main decisions relate to our strategy going forward and the investment in 
new assets. 

Investments 

Our  Board  analyses  and  approves,  if  deemed  appropriate,  investment  and  acquisition 
opportunities  proposed  by  our  Investment  Committee.  We  refer  to  section  “Events 
during the Period” under the “Strategic Report” section for more information. 

When  approving  these  investments,  the  Board  continued  to  promote  the  transition 
towards  a  low-carbon  energy  industry  and  a  business  model  based  on  sustainable 
development.  The  Board  considered  our  long-term  growth  plan,  expected  returns  for 
each investment, impact on GHG emissions and environmental targets, synergies with 

182 

 
 
 
existing assets, risks involved in each asset investment (operational, country and off-taker 
credit risk, etc.), and potential impacts to communities and the environment. The Board 
also  considered  resources  available  to  finance  these  investment  in  the  context  of  our 
broader growth plan. While deciding investments, the Board took into consideration the 
interest of all our stakeholders. 

We refer to the Events During the Period section (Strategic Report) for further details on 
our 2022 investments approved by the Board. 

Corporate Financing  

In February 2022 we established an “at-the-market programme” (ATM) under which we 
may offer and sell from time to time up to $150 million of our ordinary shares. During 
2022 we issued and sold 3.4 million shares, representing gross proceeds of $114.9 million. 

When approving this financing, the Board took into consideration our strategic growth 
plan, the Company’s corporate leverage and how the financing decisions affect all our 
stakeholders. The Board also considered the impact of their decisions on shareholders 
and  debt  investors  and  concluded  that  the  financing  transactions  would  promote  the 
long-term success of the Company. 

We refer to the Events During the Period and Financial Review sections for further details 
on our financing activities during 2022. 

Dividends 

In 2022, the Board decided to pay total dividends of $1.77 per share to our shareholders 
in quarterly dividends, a 3.2% increase with respect to the previous year. Details of the 
dividend  policy  are  included  in  Directors’  Report,  where  we  explain  our  long-term 
approach to dividends. The Board decides the dividend on a quarterly basis. The Directors 
considered the performance of our assets, cash available  for distribution generated in 
the period, available liquidity under our financing arrangements and investment plans of 
the  Company.  The  Directors  also  considered  the  net  corporate  debt  position  of  the 
Company. 

The  Board  deliberated  on  and  concluded  that  the  level  of  dividends  approved  would 
promote the long-term success of the Company.  

We refer to the Events During the Period and Financial Review sections for further details 
on our 2022 dividends. 

183 

 
 
 
 
Going Concern Basis 

The Group has prepared the consolidated financial statements on a going concern basis. 
The Directors have considered a number of factors in concluding in their going concern 
assessment  covering  the  period  to  March  31,  2024.  The  Directors  have  a  reasonable 
expectation that the Group and Company will meet its commitments as they fall due over 
the  going  concern  period.  Accordingly,  the  Directors  continue  to  adopt  the  going 
concern basis in preparing the Group’s consolidated financial statements and Company’s 
standalone financial statements. For further information, please refer to Note 2.1 of the 
consolidated financial statements for the going concern basis. 

Approval 

This Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors on February 28, 2023 and 
signed on its behalf by Santiago Seage, Director and Chief Executive Officer. 

Director and Chief Executive Officer 

Santiago Seage 

February 28, 2023 

184 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance 

185 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Governance 

Business Ethics 

“Integrity, Compliance and Safety” is our first value and prevails over the rest.  We are 
committed to promoting ethical business practices and complying with all relevant laws 
and  regulations.  Atlantica  has  a  Code  of  Conduct  to  ensure  consistent  and  effective 
commitment to Integrity and Compliance.  

The Company also has policies, processes, and procedures in-place to prevent, avoid and 
mitigate actions improper or contrary to law and to ensure ethical principles are applied 
in  all  our  activities.  We  have  measures  in  place  to  prevent  and  combat  corruption 
effectively  and  efficiently.  Our  Anti-Bribery  and  Anti-Corruption  Policy  applies  to  all 
Atlantica businesses.  

Atlantica business activities are governed by laws that prohibit bribery supporting global 
efforts to fight corruption. Specifically, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and 
the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 make it a criminal offense for companies, as well as their officers, 
directors, employees, and agents, (or any other person) to give, request, promise, offer 
or authorise the payment of anything of value (such as money, any advantage, benefits 
in kind, or other benefits) to a foreign official, foreign political party, officials of foreign 
political parties, candidates for foreign political office or officials of public international 
organisations to obtain or retain business. Similar laws have been or are being adopted 
by other countries. Private bribery is also illegal under U.S. laws, the U.K. Bribery Act, and 
the laws of other jurisdictions in which Atlantica operates.  

Atlantica is a member of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) initiative. The UNGC 
and its principles are an integral part of Atlantica’s strategy and our objective is to also 
make it part of our suppliers’ strategy. Please read further details in the UNGC section of 
this Integrated Annual Report. 

We have zero tolerance for modern slavery and we confirm that no incidents of modern 
slavery were reported or identified during 2022, 2021 and 2020. Please see additional 
details on modern slavery in the Anti-Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement of this 
Report and Accounts. 

All  our  employees  must  annually  read,  understand,  and  commit  to  following  our 
corporate governance policies. In addition, all our officers and employees working with 
confidential information sign a formal commitment annually acknowledging our insider 
trading policy.  

We regularly provide training to all our employees on our corporate policies to promote 
our compliance culture and to ensure that all our employees understand and apply all 
our compliance policies. 

We  encourage  our  employees  and  other  stakeholders  to  address  any  questions  or 
comments they may have to our compliance team. We have different communication 
channels  available  to  report  any  misconduct  or instances  of  non-compliance with  our 
compliance policy framework. These are: 

-  Whistleblower  channel:  Either  through  our  website  or  via  email.  Additional 

information is provided in the Whistleblower section. 

186 

 
 
-  Compliance  channel:  Email  to  (i)  communicate  any  potential  irregularities  or  (ii) 
request advice. Additional information is provided in the Compliance Management 
Committee section. 

Code of Conduct 

Atlantica has implemented a Code of Conduct to ensure commitment to Integrity and 
Compliance.  The  Code  applies  to  all  directors,  officers,  and  employees  of  Atlantica 
Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc  and  each  of  its  subsidiaries,  including  controlled  and 
associated  non-controlled  companies.  We  make  every  effort  to  apply  this  Code  at 
associated  non-controlled  companies  given  Atlantica  ´s  level  of  participation.  We  also 
seek to work or partner with third parties that adhere to principles that are similar to 
those set out in this Code. As an example, when we evaluate potential co-investments 
with business partners, the Investment Committee and more specifically, the Head of Risk 
Management, reviews the business partner’s code of conduct as part of the due diligence 
process. 

In 2022, two Code of Conduct incidents were identified and investigated following our 
internal process and procedures. As a result, among other actions, the employment of 
those  employees  involved  was  terminated,  and  comprehensive  anti-bribery  and  anti-
corruption  training  was  provided  to  local  employees.  In  2021  and  2020  we  did  not 
identify, nor did we receive, any notification of non-compliances or breaches in relation 
to the Code of Conduct. 

Atlantica’s Code of Conduct prohibits political involvement of any kind on the Company’s 
behalf.  Neither  the  Company,  nor  its  directors,  employees,  or  representatives  on  its 
behalf,  can  make  political  contributions  (donations  to  politicians,  political  parties,  or 
political  organisations)  or  sponsor  events  whose  exclusive  purpose  is  political 
propaganda. In 2022, 2021 and 2020 neither Atlantica, nor any of its subsidiaries made 
any financial or in-kind political contributions to political campaigns, ballots measures, 
referendums,  political  organisations, 
lobbying  organisations,  trade 
associations  with  political  impact  nor  other  tax-exempt  groups,  whether  directly  or 
indirectly. 

lobbyists  or 

All Atlantica employees must annually read, understand, and commit to following our 
Code of Conduct.  

Compliance Management Committee 

Atlantica’s  Compliance Management  Committee  is  comprised  of  the  General  Counsel, 
the Head of Risk Management, and the Head of IT and Administration. The Committee 
is supervised by the General Counsel - who is also the Compliance Officer, the Secretary 
of the Board of Directors and the Head of People and Culture - and reports its activities 
to  the  Business  Committee  (at  Management  level),  the  Nominating  and  Corporate 
Governance Committee (at Board level) and the Board, as applicable. The Compliance 
Management Committee’s main objective is to support the Compliance Officer and assist 
all our employees and the Board in implementing the compliance programmes, policies 
and procedures required by laws and regulations, as well as by best corporate practices. 
The Compliance Management Committee receives regular reports from local managers 
in each of our geographies where we are present on compliance-related matters. 

187 

 
 
We have a compliance mailbox (compliance@atlantica.com) where our employees and 
other  stakeholders  can  send  any  questions  and/or  comments  they  may  have.  We 
encourage  our  stakeholders  to  report  any  irregular  behaviour  through  any  of  the 
available communication channels in place. We have incorporated the communication 
channels in many public documents as well as in internal training to encourage its use. 

Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Policy 

We  have  an  anti-bribery  and  anti-corruption  safeguard  and  reporting  policy  and 
procedures to forestall and prevent operations related to corruption, bribery, and fraud. 
The Policy establishes that: 

-  Any type of bribery is prohibited. 
-  Political  Contributions  are  forbidden.  Charitable  donations  and  Sponsorships  are 

subject to internal review and approval. 

-  Travel, entertainment, and gifts may never be accepted for the purpose of improperly 
obtaining,  retaining  business,  or  securing  any  improper  advantage  from  public 
officials or private persons.  

-  Using an independent contractor, agent, consultant, intermediary, reseller, distributor 

or any other third party to pay or give a bribe is strictly prohibited. 

Additionally, accounting procedures and internal control over financial reporting prohibit 
cash  payments  other  than  well  documented  petty  cash  disbursements  which  have  to 
follow very strict procedures. 

A summarised version of our Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Policy is available on our 
website. 

Operations Assessed for Risks Related to Corruption 

Atlantica has a Criminal Risk Prevention Programme to mitigate the risk of engaging in 
activities  that  would  violate  laws  in  countries  where  such  violations  could  result  in 
criminal liability. The criminal risk map for each geography describes the types of offences 
that  may  raise  criminal  liability  for  legal  entities.  Offences  vary  across  jurisdiction  and 
includes financial offences, money laundering, corruption, bribery, and illicit trade crimes. 

In 2022, local external lawyers reviewed our criminal risk map contained all key corruption 
crimes in each geography where we are present. 

Whistleblowing Channel 

The Whistleblowing Channel is an essential part of Atlantica’s commitment to preventing 
fraud, irregularities, and corruption. It is available on our website to all employees and 
stakeholders in two languages. It is managed by the Audit Committee and serves as a 
tool to report any complaints and concerns about management, as well as any breaches 
of the Code of Conduct or any conduct contrary to ethics, law, or Company standards. 
Confidentiality and no retaliation are the essential operating principles of the channel. 
We may suspend these principles only where the claimant did not act in good faith. 

In 2022, we received one communication through the Whistleblower Channel. The matter 
was  analysed  following  our  internal  process  and  procedures.  We  concluded  that  the 

188 

 
 
communication  was  unrelated  to  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructures  plc,  its  affiliates 
and  its  businesses.  In  2021  and  2020  no  communications  were  received  through  the 
Whistleblower Channel in relation to any irregularities. We have implemented initiatives 
to encourage its use, including descriptive and user-friendly disclosure on how to use it, 
providing two languages to report misconducts, directly through our internal online and 
in-person  compliance  training,  and  disclosing  our  ethics  mailboxes  in  many  of  our 
publicly available reporting. 

Training and Communication about anti-corruption policies and procedures 

Atlantica has a training programme on the Code of Conduct and related-policies. This 
includes  the  Anti-Corruption  Policy,  FCPA  training  and  the  Criminal  Risk  Prevention 
Programme.  Training  is  provided  to  all  employees  on  an  annual  basis.  In  addition, 
Directors generally receive training addressing topics such as Sarbanes-Oxley regulation, 
directors’  duties  and  governance  requirements  under  the  Nasdaq  rules,  the  U.S. 
Securities and Exchange Commission and the U.K. Companies Act 2006.  

In 2022, 2021 and 2020, we provided training to our employees on our corporate policies 
to promote our compliance culture and to ensure that all our employees understand and 
apply all our compliance policies. We believe the training helps employees to: (i) identify 
“red flags” corruption warning signs, (ii) mitigate corruption risks, (iii) report a breach and 
understand the steps the Company takes to address whistleblower complaints, including 
protection from retaliation, and (iv) understand potential sanctions driven by compliance 
breaches. 

In  2022,  compliance-related  training  was  provided  to  employees  through  our  online 
training platform, in-person training, and real-time video conferencing. 

189 

 
 
Summarised Compliance Training 

Training 

Goals 

Code of Conduct 
awareness  

Anti-Corruption 

Anti-Money 
Laundering 

Data Protection 

Environment, 
Social and 
Governance (ESG), 
Human Rights, 
Unconscious Bias, 
Gender Equality 
and Sexual 
Harassment  
Sexual Harassment 
and Discrimination  

Anti-Bribery & 
Anti-Corruption  

Atlantica 
Management 
Model 

that 

could 

employees  with 

employees  with 

employees  with 

Acquaint 
the 
importance  of  the  Code  of  Conduct 
through real-life cases. 
Acquaint 
the 
importance of identifying and avoiding 
situations 
involve 
corruption  or  conflicts  of 
interest 
through real-life cases. 
the 
Acquaint 
mechanisms  or  procedures  aimed  at 
giving the appearance of legitimacy or 
legality to goods or assets of criminal 
origin.  
Acquaint employees with the rights of 
individuals  to  control  their  personal 
information  and  data  confidentiality, 
integrity and availability.  
Acquaint  employees  with  key  ESG, 
rights  unconscious  bias, 
human 
diversity  and 
inclusion  principles, 
gender equality and sexual harassment 
measures, regulations and policies. 

and 

sexual 
discrimination 

Acquaint  employees  with 
harassment 
prevention. 
Acquaint employees with corruption in 
the  private  and  public 
sectors, 
international 
regulation,  corruption 
risk  mitigation,  sanctions  driven  by 
compliance  breaches  and  Atlantica’s 
anti-corruption policy. 
on 
employees 
Acquaint 
Atlantica’s 
long-term  strategy, 
business  model,  recent  milestones, 
(2) 
and  growth 
Compliance. Average training time: 3.5 
hours (50% on Compliance matters). 

office 
(1) 

strategy, 

and 

Minutes 
per 
Employee 
8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

78 

60 

Participants 

551 

551 

551 

551 

574 

74 

55 

105 

300 

Type 

Online 
platform 

Online 
platform 

Online 
platform 

Online 
platform 

Online 
platform 

Online 
platform 

In-person 
and real-
time video 
conferencing 

In-person 
and real-
time video 
conferencing 

Note: All Atlantica employees receive compliance training. The difference between our total workforce as of 
December 31, 2022, and the Participants to the compliance-related training (except specific local sessions 
such  as  the  sexual  harassment  and  discrimination,  anti-bribery  &  anti-corruption  and  the  Atlantica 
Management Model trainings) is mainly due to: (i) new hirings and (ii) recently closed acquisitions (i.e., we 
are in the process of fully integrating certain subsidiaries  to our policies, processes  and procedures). The 
employees  that  were  not  members  of  our  workforce  at  the  time  of  the  training  will  receive  compliance-
related training in the sessions scheduled for 2023.  

In  2022,  Atlantica  employees  received  a  total  of  ~1,025  hours  of  compliance-related 
training, compared to ~200 hours in 2021. On average, each Atlantica employee received 
~1.15 hours (~70 minutes) compliance training in 2022, compared to 0.38 hours (~23 
minutes) in 2021. 

190 

 
 
Trade Associations 

In 2022, Atlantica contributed $192.5 thousand to associations or organisations related 
to power generation, clean energy, and sustainability. 

Trade Associations Costs in 2022, 2021 and 2020 

In thousands of U.S. dollars 
Trade associations contributions1 

2022 
192.5 

2021 
121.32 

2020 
66.5 

1  None  of  these  contributions  relate  to  trade  associations  with  political  impact  (i.e.,  political  campaigns, 
ballots  measures, referendums, political organisations, lobbyists  or lobbying organisations, nor other tax-
exempt groups). 
2 We have revised 2021 figures to account for the final cost of each trade association. 

Trade Associations 

Geothermal Resource Council 
Bishop Chamber of Commerce 
Lone Pine Chamber of Commerce 
Ridgecrest Chamber of Commerce 
Indian Wells Valley Economic Development Corporation 
American Council on Renewable Energy 
Independent Energy Producers Association 
Mexican Energy Association (AME) 
Association for Cogeneration (COGENERA) 
Spanish Chamber of Commerce 
National Chamber of Electric Manufacturers (CANAME) 
Association for Transmission Lines (ATX) 
Association for Renewable Energy (ACERA) 
Association for Renewable Energy (SPR) 
Energy Association (SNMPE) 
Association for Electric Energy Generation (AUGPEE) 
Spanish Association of Energy Storage (ASEALEN) 
Association for the CSP sector (Protermosolar) 
Spanish Confederation of Business Organisations (CEOE) 

Country 
U.S. 
U.S. 
U.S. 
U.S. 
U.S. 
U.S. 
U.S. 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Mexico 
Chile 
Chile 
Peru 
Peru 
Uruguay 
Spain 
Spain 
Spain 
Total 

Sustainability Governance 

In thousands of USD 
2021 
3.3 
2.5 
2.5 
1.8 
5.0 
12.5 
- 
17.3 
2.0 
1.0 
- 
- 
2.2 
7.7 
17.7 
2.9 
5.3 
25.7 
11.9 
121.3 

2022 
3.3 
2.5 
2.5 
1.8 
5.0 
12.5 
30.0 
17.4 
2.5 
- 
- 
44.5 
1.7 
7.9 
16.3 
3.4 
3.7 
24.9 
12.6 
192.5 

2020 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
8.0 
1.9 
- 
7.6 
- 
1.4 
2.7 
16.6 
2.6 
- 
23.3 
2.4 
66.5 

Given that it is the ultimate decision-making body, the Board of Directors is the highest 
level  of  responsibility  for  ESG  and  climate  change-related  matters.  The  CEO,  in  his 
executive role and as Director of the Board, holds the leading position and responsibility 
in relation to ESG and climate change-related matters. 

ESG  and  climate  change  encompass  many  of  Atlantica’s  key  daily  and  long-term 
activities. It is a cross-functional activity that involves Geographic VPs, country and asset 
managers,  as  well  as  multiple  corporate  departments,  including  among  others,  the 
Operations,  Health  and  Safety,  Environment,  Compliance,  People  and  Culture,  and 
Corporate Development Departments.  

191 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sustainability Governance Structure 

Board of Directors 

Nominating and Corporate Governance 
Committee 

Audit Committee 

Compensation Committee 

Related Party Transactions 

Management 

Business Committee 

Management Committee 

Geographic Committee 

Compliance Management 
Committee 

Risk Management Committee 

Health and Safety, ESG and 
Operations Committee 
Accounting and Disclosure 
Committee 

Internal Audit Committee 

Investment Committee 

Corporate and Business Areas 

Board of Directors: ESG and Climate Change Related Responsibilities and Functions 

✓  The Board is responsible for the effective oversight of the Company’s strategy and 
performance, financial reporting, corporate governance process, and internal control 
and  risk  management  framework,  including  ESG  and  climate-related  risks  and 
opportunities.  It  is  also  ultimately  accountable  to  shareholders  for  the  long-term 
performance  of  the  Company  and  value  creation  for  shareholders  and  other 
stakeholders in a sustainable manner. 

✓  The Board oversees the implementation of ESG and climate change initiatives and 
prioritises internal resources committed to the advancement of objectives. The CEO, 
in  his  executive  role  and  as  Director  of  the  Board,  manages,  supervises  and  has  a 
leading  position  and  responsibility  over  ESG  and  climate  change-related  matters, 
including informing on and/or submitting the following actions for Board approval: 

192 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Topic 

Frequency 

Potential ESG and climate-related risks and 
mitigation plans 

Quarterly or on an as-needed basis.  

For example, in 2022 the Board was informed 
(i) twice on the climate-related scenario 
analysis on Atlantica’s 2030 and 2050 key 
potential risk and opportunity impacts, and 
(ii) quarterly on our risk map (including 
climate-related risks)  

New and/or updated ESG and climate change 
policies and targets 

Annual 

Environment, climate change and social key 
performance indicators and their status against 
established objectives (if applicable) 

Health and safety: always 

Other social KPIs: annual 

Environment and climate change KPIs (GHG 
emissions, water, and waste): semi-annual 

Best practices to improve ESG and climate change 
performance over time 

Annual or an as-needed basis 

Process to offset Atlantica’s GHG emissions 

Integrated Annual Report with comprehensive ESG 
disclosures 

Annual 

Annual 

Results of ESG-related rating evaluation 
assessments 

Annual and on as-needed basis 

Investment proposals in non-renewable generating 
assets consider Atlantica’s long-term ESG and 
climate change targets 

Always 

✓  The  Audit  Committee  assists  the  Board  in  fulfilling  its  oversight  responsibilities 
concerning the management of risks, controls and processes, including potential ESG 
factors that could be risk drivers, as well as compliance with ESG and climate-change 
reporting requirements. 

✓  The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee assists the Board in fulfilling 
its  oversight  responsibilities  concerning  compliance  topics,  including  ESG-related 
policy approvals. 

At Atlantica, we believe that our comprehensive approach to ESG, as well as the level of 
engagement on ESG-related topics at the Board and Management level, enables us to 
deliver on heightened ESG demands from our stakeholders.  

Management: ESG and Climate Change Related Responsibilities and Functions 

Atlantica has integrated ESG and climate change into its businesses via policy making, 
ESG planning, risk management, and KPI setting and tracking. At the management level, 
we  have  assembled  committees  with  different  responsibilities  based  on  Atlantica’s 
priorities.  These  committees  are  led  by  senior  management  members  with  diverse 
perspectives and experiences to efficiently and effectively address ESG related matters, 
risks and opportunities. 

193 

 
 
 
Frequency 

Weekly 

Business Committee  

Key ESG-
related 
functions 

Key 
committee 
member* 
responsibilities 

-  Implement  short  and  medium-term  key  strategic  decisions  (based  on  the  business 
strategy  approved  by  the  Board),  including,  but  not  limited  to,  health  and  safety, 
environment, people and culture, compliance, and risk matters. 

-  Analyse and implement ESG-related best practices. 
-  Approve (at Management level) climate change-related targets. 
CEO 
CFO 
Geographic 
VPs 

Leads Business Committee. 
Responsible for among others, ESG and IT matters across our businesses. 
Responsible  for  the  assets  they  manage,  including  ESG  and  climate 
change-related matters.  
The General Counsel - who is also the Compliance Officer, the Secretary 
of  the  Board  of  Directors  and  the  Head  of  People  and  Culture  -  is 
responsible among others, for Atlantica’s legal, people and culture and 
compliance  activities  and  reports  to  the  Nominating  and  Corporate 
Governance Committee (at Board level) and the Board, as applicable.  
Responsible  for  all  health  and  safety,  operations,  environmental  and 
quality aspects across all assets. 

General 
Counsel  

Head of 
Operations 
(*) Other employees attend meetings by invitation. 

Frequency 

Monthly 

Health and Safety, ESG and Operations Committee 

Key functions 

Key 
committee 
member 
responsibilities 

-  Set health and safety targets. 
-  Set environmental protection measures.  
-  Review key health and safety and environmental KPIs as well as best practices, lessons 

learned and implementation progress in relation to audit recommendations. 

CEO 
Geographic 
VPs* 

Head of 
Operations 

Head of 
ESG 

Leads Health and Safety, ESG and Operations Committees. 
Responsible  for  the  assets  they  manage,  including  ESG  and  climate 
change-related matters.  
Responsible  for  all  health  and  safety,  environmental  and  operations 
aspects  across  all  assets,  including  improving  asset  performance,  KPI 
monitoring,  regular  environmental  and  operational  audits,  analysing 
measures  to  reduce  health  and  safety  and  environmental  impacts,  and 
implementing best practices. 
Identifies sustainability best practices, proposes actions to the CEO and 
Geographic  VPs  and  monitors  the 
implementation  of  approved 
proposals. 

(*) Certain country managers attend by invitation of Geographic VPs. 

Compliance Management Committee 

Frequency 
Key ESG-
related 
functions 

Quarterly, and on an as-needed basis 
-  Support  the  Compliance  Officer  and  assist  all  our  employees  and  the  Board  in 
implementing the compliance programmes, policies and procedures required by laws 
and regulations, as well as by best corporate practices. 

Committee 
member 
responsibilities 

The  General  Counsel  -  who  is  also  the  Compliance  Officer,  the 
Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and  the  Head  of  People  and 
Culture - is responsible among others, for Atlantica’s legal, people and 
culture  and  compliance  activities  and  reports  to  the  Business 
Committee  (at  Management  level),  the  Nominating  and  Corporate 
Governance Committee (at Board level) and the Board, as applicable. 
tools 
Oversees 
implemented by the Company, including the risk map. 
Oversees  IT  (including  cybersecurity  matters),  and  personal  data 
protection processes and procedures. 

risk  management  processes,  procedures  and 

General 
Counsel  

Head of Risk 
Management 
Head of IT and 
Administration 

194 

 
 
 
Investment Committee 

Frequency 
Key ESG-
related 
functions 

Generally once a week and on an as-needed basis 
Analyse potential growth opportunities considering: (1) impacts on Atlantica's climate 
change-related  commitments  and  targets,  (2)  ESG  and  climate  change  risks  in  due 
diligence analysis, and (3) carbon pricing to evaluate investment opportunities. 

Key 
committee 
member* 
responsibilities 

VP Corporate 
Development 

Head of Risk 
Management 

Responsible  for  identifying,  analysing,  and  presenting  potential 
growth opportunities to the Investment Committee. Oversees all due 
diligence processes. 
Responsible  for 
investments, including ESG and climate change risks.  

identifying  and  evaluating  risks  for  potential 

(*) The Head of Operations and the Head of Finance co-lead the Investment Committee. The CEO, the CFO 
and  the  General  Counsel  are  also  permanent  committee  members.  Other  employees  attend  meetings  by 
invitation. 

Other ESG-related committees include: 

-  Risk Management Committee: Held once a month between the CEO, the CFO and 
the  Head  of  Risk  Management.  This  committee  addresses  all  Company  risks, 
including  those  related  to  our  operating  portfolio  as  well  as  assets  under 
development or under construction. Atlantica’s risk map is reviewed and presented 
to the Board on a quarterly basis. ESG and climate change risks are always considered 
in the risk analysis process. 

- 

Internal Audit Committee: Held once a month between the CEO, CFO and Head of 
Internal Audit. This committee addresses corporate and business impacts driven by 
internal  audit  day-to-day  activities,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  effectiveness  of 
internal controls, anti-fraud procedures, policy evaluation, implementation progress 
of audit recommendations, and external auditor reviews on Atlantica and its affiliates. 
The Head of Internal Audit reports to the Audit Committee (at Board level). 

-  Accounting and Disclosure Committee: Reviews the Form 20-F, the Integrated Annual 
Report and quarterly reports including quarterly financial statements prior to their 
publication.  The  Accounting  and  Disclosure  Committee  is  comprised  by  the  Chief 
Financial  Officer,  the  Head  of  Investor  Relations  and  Reporting  and  the  Head  of 
Accounting  and  Consolidation.  The  Head  of  Internal  Audit  attends  meetings  by 
invitation.  The  Accounting  and  Disclosure  Committee  approves  the  accounting 
criteria  to  be  applied  by  the  Company,  discusses  new  reporting  requirements  and 
approves quarterly financial statements and disclosure.  

195 

 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report 

The directors are pleased to present their Integrated Annual Report on the affairs of the 
Company and its subsidiaries, together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and 
Auditor’s Report, for the year ending December 31, 2022. 

Strategic Report 

The Strategic Report was prepared in accordance with the  Companies Act 2006 which 
requires the Company to set out a fair review of our business during the financial year, 
including a financial analysis at year-end and the trends and factors likely to affect the 
future development, performance and position of the business. 

Review of Business and Future Developments 

The Strategic Report includes an indication of likely future developments in our business.  

Dividends 

We  intend  to  distribute  a  significant  portion  of  our  cash  available  for  distribution  as 
dividends, after considering the cash available for distribution that we expect our assets 
will be able to generate, less reserves for the prudent conduct of our business, on an 
annual basis. We intend to distribute a quarterly dividend to shareholders. We intend to 
grow our business via organic growth through the optimisation of the existing portfolio 
and through investments, development and construction of new assets and acquisitions. 
We believe this will facilitate the growth of our cash available for distribution and enable 
us  to  increase  our  dividend  per  share  over  time.  However,  the  determination  of  the 
amount of cash dividends to be paid to holders of our shares will be made by our Board 
of  Directors  and  will  depend  upon  our  financial  condition,  results  of  operations,  cash 
flow,  long-term  prospects  and  any  other  matters  that  our  Board  of  Directors  deem 
relevant. Our Board of Directors may, by resolution, amend the cash dividend policy at 
any time. 

Our cash available for distribution is likely to fluctuate from quarter to quarter, in some 
cases significantly, as a result of the seasonality of our assets, the terms of our financing 
arrangements  and  maintenance  and  outage  schedules,  among  other 
factors. 
Accordingly, during quarters in which our assets generate cash available for distribution 
in excess of the amount necessary for us to pay our stated quarterly dividend, we may 
reserve  a  portion  of  the  excess  to  fund  cash  distributions  in  future  quarters.  During 
quarters in which we do not generate sufficient cash available for distribution to fund our 
stated  quarterly  cash  dividend,  if  our  Board  of  Directors  so  determines,  we  may  use 
retained cash flow from other quarters, and other sources of cash, to pay dividends to 
our shareholders. 

We refer to section “Financial Review - Use of Liquidity and Capital Requirements – C. 
Cash dividends to investors.”  

196 

 
 
Risks Regarding Our Cash Dividend Policy 

There is no guarantee that we will pay quarterly cash dividends to our shareholders. We 
do not have a legal obligation to pay any dividend. While we currently intend to grow 
our business and increase our dividend per share over time, our cash dividend policy is 
subject to all the risks inherent in our business and may be changed at any time as a 
result of certain restrictions and uncertainties, including the following: 

in  our  project-level 

-  The  amount  of  our  quarterly  cash  available  for  distribution  could  be  impacted  by 
restrictions  on  cash  distributions  contained 
financing 
arrangements, which require that our project-level subsidiaries comply with certain 
financial  tests  and  covenants  in  order  to  make  such  cash  distributions.  Generally, 
these restrictions limit the frequency of permitted cash distributions to semi-annual 
or annual payments, and prohibit distributions unless specified debt service coverage 
ratios,  historical  and/or  projected,  are  met.  When  forecasting  cash  available  for 
distribution  and  dividend  payments  we  have  aimed  to  take  these  restrictions  into 
consideration, but we cannot guarantee future dividends. In addition, restrictions or 
delays on cash distributions could also happen if our project finance arrangements 
are under an event of default.  

-  Additionally, indebtedness we have incurred under the Green Senior Notes, the Note 
Issuance Facility 2020, the 2020 Green Private Placement and the Revolving Credit 
Facility  contain,  among  other  covenants,  certain 
incurrence  and 
maintenance covenants, as applicable.  

financial 

-  We and our Board of Directors have the authority to establish cash reserves for the 
prudent conduct of our business and for future cash dividends to our shareholders, 
and the establishment of or increase in those reserves could result in a reduction in 
cash  dividends  from  levels  we  currently  anticipate  pursuant  to  our  stated  cash 
dividend policy. These reserves may account for the fact that our project-level cash 
flows  may  vary  from  year  to  year  based  on,  among  other  things,  changes  in  the 
operating performance of our assets, operational costs, capital expenditures required 
in  the  assets,  collections  from  our  off-takers,  electricity  market  prices,  compliance 
with the terms of project debt including debt repayment schedules and cash reserve 
accounts  requirements,  compliance  with  the  terms  of  corporate  debt,  compliance 
with all the applicable laws and regulations and working capital requirements. Our 
Board of Directors may increase the reserves to account for the seasonality that has 
historically  existed  in  our  assets’  cash  flows  and  the  variances  in  the  pattern  and 
frequency of distributions to us from our assets during the year.  

-  We may lack sufficient cash to pay dividends to our shareholders due to cash flow 
shortfalls  attributable  to  a  number  of  operational,  commercial  or  other  factors, 
including  low  availability,  low  production,  low  electricity  prices  in  our  assets  with 
exposure to merchant revenues, unexpected operating interruptions, legal liabilities, 
costs associated with governmental regulation, changes in governmental subsidies, 
delays in collections from our off-takers, changes in regulation, as well as increases 
in  our  operating  and/or general  and  administrative  expenses,  maintenance  capital 
expenditures,  principal  and  interest  payments  on  our  and  our  subsidiaries’ 
outstanding  debt,  income  tax  expenses,  inability  to  upstream  cash  from  our 

197 

 
 
subsidiaries  or  to  do  it  in  an  efficient  manner,  working  capital  requirements  or 
anticipated cash needs at our project-level subsidiaries. 

-  We  may  pay  cash  to  our  shareholders  via  capital  reduction  in  lieu  of  dividends  in 

some years. 

-  Our project companies’ cash distributions to us (in the form of dividends or other 
forms of cash distributions such as shareholder loan repayments) and, as a result, our 
ability to pay or grow our dividends, are dependent upon the performance of our 
subsidiaries and their ability to distribute cash to us. The ability of our project-level 
subsidiaries  to  make  cash  distributions  to  us  may  be  restricted  by,  among  other 
things,  the  provisions  of  existing  and  future  indebtedness,  applicable  corporation 
laws and other laws and regulations. 

-  Our Board of Directors may, by resolution, amend the cash dividend policy at any 
time. Our Board of Directors may elect to change the amount of dividends, suspend 
any dividend or decide to pay no dividends even if there is ample cash available for 
distribution. 

Our Ability to Grow our Business and Dividend 

We  intend  to  grow  our  business  via  organic  growth  through  the  optimisation  of  the 
existing portfolio, repowering, hybridisation with other technologies, expansion of our 
current assets and through investments in development and construction of new assets, 
as well as acquisitions of new assets. We believe this will facilitate the growth of our cash 
available for distribution and enable us to increase our dividend per share over time. 

Our policy is to distribute a significant portion of our cash available for distribution as a 
dividend.  We  expect  we  will  rely  primarily  upon  external  financing  sources,  including 
commercial  bank  borrowings  and  issuances  of  debt  and  equity  securities  in  capital 
markets, to fund any future growth capital expenditures. To the extent we are unable to 
finance growth externally, our cash dividend policy could significantly impair our ability 
to  grow  because  we  do  not  currently  intend  to  reserve  a  substantial  amount  of  cash 
generated  from  operations  to  fund  growth  opportunities.  If  external  financing  is  not 
available  to  us  on  acceptable  terms,  our  Board  of  Directors  may  decide  to  finance 
investments with cash from operations, which would reduce or impair our ability to pay 
dividends to our shareholders. Our Board of Directors may also decide to finance our 
investments with cash generated from operations to increase the capital dedicated to 
finance development, construction and acquisition of new assets and foster our growth.  

To the extent we issue additional shares to fund our business, our growth or for any other 
reason, the payment of dividends on those additional shares may increase the risk that 
we will be unable to maintain or increase our per share dividend level. Additionally, the 
incurrence  of  additional  commercial  bank  borrowings  or  other  debt  to  finance  our 
growth would result in increased interest expense, which in turn may impact our cash 
available for distribution and, in turn, our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. 

198 

 
 
 
 
Capital Structure 

Details of the share capital, together with details of the movements in the Company's 
issued share capital during the year are shown in note 13 to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements.  The  Company  has  one  class  of  ordinary  shares  which  are  listed  on  the 
NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “AY.” Our shares carry no right to fixed 
income and each share provides the owner the right to one vote at General Meetings of 
the Company. 

When  Algonquin  acquired  a  25%  stake  in  our  equity,  Atlantica  signed  a  Shareholders 
Agreement  with  Algonquin,  which  set  forth  that,  if  and  to  the  extent  provided  in  our 
articles of association, Algonquin had the right to appoint to our Board the maximum 
number  of  directors  that  corresponds  to  Algonquin’s  holding  of  voting  rights  as  per 
articles  of  association  but  in  no  event  more  than  (i)  such  number  of  directors  as 
corresponds to 41.5% of our voting securities; and (ii) 50% of our Board less one, and if 
the resulting number is not a whole number, it shall be rounded up to the next whole 
number. In 2019, Algonquin completed the purchase of 3,384,402 ordinary shares and 
increased its equity interest in Atlantica to 44.2%. 

On  December  11,  2020  Atlantica  closed  an  underwritten  public  offering  of  5,069,200 
ordinary  shares  (including  those  sold  pursuant  to  the  underwriters’  over-allotment 
option) at a price of $33 per new share. Algonquin purchased 4,020,860 ordinary shares 
of  the  Company  in  a  private  placement,  which  closed  on  January  7,  2021,  which 
represents  the  pro  rata  number  of  shares  required  to  maintain  their  previous  equity 
ownership in the Company. As a result, as of January 7, 2021 Algonquin was the beneficial 
owner of 48,962,925 ordinary shares, representing 44.2% of the issued and outstanding 
ordinary shares. 

On August 3, 2021, we established an “at-the-market programme” and entered into the 
Distribution Agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as sales agent, under which we 
may offer and sell from time to time up to $150 million of our ordinary shares, including 
in “at-the-market” offerings under our universal shelf registration statement on Form F-
3 and a prospectus supplement that we filed on August 3, 2021. On the same date we 
entered into the ATM Plan Letter Agreement with Algonquin, pursuant to which we will 
offer  Algonquin  the  right  but  not  the  obligation,  on  a  quarterly  basis,  to  purchase  a 
number of ordinary shares to maintain its percentage interest in Atlantica. For the year 
ended  December  31,  2022,  we  issued  and  sold  3,423,593  ordinary  shares  under  such 
programme at an average market price of $33.57 per share pursuant to our Distribution 
Agreement, representing gross proceeds of $114.9 million and net proceeds of $113.8 
million. Pursuant to the ATM Plan Letter Agreement, we delivered a notice to Algonquin 
quarterly in order for them to exercise their rights thereunder.  

As of December 31, 2022, Algonquin owned 48,962,925 ordinary shares, representing a 
42.2% of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares. 

In addition, as of December 31, 2022, there was no treasury stock and there have been 
no transactions with treasury stock during the period then ended. 

199 

 
 
With regard to the appointment and replacement of directors, the Company is governed 
by  its  Articles  of  Association,  the  SEC  listing  rules,  the  U.K.  Companies  Act  2006  and 
related legislation. The Articles of Association may be amended by special resolution of 
the shareholders.  

Substantial Shareholdings 

Name 

5% Beneficial Owners 
Algonquin (AY Holdco) B.V.” (1) 

Ordinary Shares 
Beneficially Owned 

Percentage 

48,962,925 

42.2% 

Notes:  
(1)  This information is based solely on the Schedule 13D filed on May 10, 2022 by Algonquin Power & Utilities 
Corp.,  a  corporation  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Canada.  The  direct  beneficial  owner  of  the 
shares is Algonquin (AY Holdco) B.V. 

To the best of our knowledge and based on public information, the majority of other 
shareholders are mainly United States-based institutional investors. 

Change of Control 

If any investor acquires over 50.0% of our shares or if our ordinary shares cease to be 
listed on the NASDAQ or a similar stock exchange, we may be required to refinance all 
or part of our corporate debt or obtain waivers from the related noteholders or lenders, 
as  applicable,  due  to  the  fact  that  all  of  our  corporate  financing  agreements  contain 
customary change of control provisions and delisting restrictions. If we fail to obtain such 
waivers  and  the  related  noteholders  or  lenders,  as  applicable,  elect  to  accelerate  the 
relevant  corporate  debt,  we  may  not  be  able  to  repay  or  refinance  such  debt  (on 
favourable terms or at all), which may have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition results of operations and cash flows. Additionally, in the event of a 
change of control we could see an increase in the yearly state property tax payment in 
Mojave, which would be reassessed by the tax authority at the time the change of control 
potentially occurred. Our best estimate with current information available and subject to 
further analysis is that we could have an incremental annual payment of property tax of 
approximately $10 million to $12 million, which could potentially decrease progressively 
over  time  as  the  asset  depreciates.  There  could  also  be  other  tax  impacts  and  other 
impacts that we have not yet identified. Furthermore, a change of control could trigger 
an ownership change under Section 382 of the IRC. 

Furthermore, in order to protect the Company's know-how and to ensure continuity in 
terms of attainment of business objectives, the policy approved by our shareholders at 
the  2017  Annual  General  Meeting,  introduced  certain  termination  payments  to  key 
executives, including the Chief Executive Officer in the case of a change of control. This 
is addressed in the Policy on Payments for Loss of Office section of this report. In addition, 
if there is a change in control, all awards under long-term incentives shall vest in full on 
the date of the change in control. 

A change of control means that a third party or coordinated parties: (i) acquire directly 
or indirectly by any means a number of shares in the Company which (together with the 

200 

 
 
 
 
shares that such party may already hold in the Company) amount to more than 50% of 
the share capital of the Company or, (ii) appoint or have the right to appoint at least half 
of the members of the Board of Directors of the Company. 

Directors 

Our Board is comprised of nine directors.  

All the directors meet the U.S. securities or NASDAQ’s qualifications from independence 
except our CEO. Atlantica's Board has determined that Mr. Banskota and Mr. Trisic are 
not independent based on their relationship with Algonquin, which is currently Atlantica’s 
largest shareholder with a 42.2% ownership. Mr. Banskota is the current Chief Executive 
Officer of Algonquin, while Mr. Trisic held a senior executive role at Algonquin until April 
2022. The Board has also determined that the rest of the non-executive directors, Mr. 
Aziz,  Ms.  Del  Favero,  Ms.  Eprile,  Mr.  Forsayeth,  Mr.  Hall  and  Mr.  Woollcombe  are 
independent.  Mr.  Edward  C.  Hall  has  been  an  independent  director  since  he  was 
appointed on August 2, 2022.  

201 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Committee 
Memberships(*) 

A  N&CG  C  RPT 

✓ 

★  ✓ 

★ 

✓ 

★ 

✓ 

✓ 

✓ 

  ★ 

Name, Primary Occupation 

Independent 

Other Public 
Company 
Boards 

William Aziz 
President and Chief Executive Officer of 
BlueTree Advisors Inc. 
Arun Banskota 
President and Chief Executive Officer of 
Algonquin 
Debora Del Favero 
Co-Founder of CMC Capital Limited 
Brenda Eprile 
Director and Chair of the Audit Committee 
of Westport Fuel Systems Inc. 
Michael Forsayeth  
Former Chief Executive Officer and Director 
of Granite Real Estate Investment Trust 
Edward C. Hall1 
Chairman of Cypress Creek Renewables, 
and Vice Chairman of Japan Wind 
Development  
Santiago Seage 
Chief Executive Officer of the Company 
George Trisic 
Former Chief Governance Officer and 
Corporate Secretary of Algonquin 
Michael Woollcombe 
Partner of Voorheis & Co. LLP and 
Executive Vice-President of VC & Co. Inc. 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

No 

Yes 

1 

1 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(*) A = Audit Committee; N&CG = Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee C = Compensation 
Committee;  

RPT = Related Parties Transactions Committee 

(1) Edward C. Hall was appointed in 2022 

★ Chair ✓ Member 

The  Board  is  committed  to  promoting  the  success  of  the  Company.  The  Board  is 
responsible to shareholders for its performance and for the strategy and management 
of the Company, its values, its governance and its business. 

Directors are obliged, among other duties, to act in the way they consider, in good faith, 
would  be  most  likely  to  promote  the  success  of  the  Company  for  the  benefit  of  its 
members as a whole. All directors are expected to spend the time and effort necessary 
to properly discharge their responsibilities. 

The main objectives of the Board may be summarised as follows: 

-  Providing entrepreneurial leadership; 
-  Setting strategy; 
-  Ensuring the human and financial resources are available to achieve objectives; 

202 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
-  Reviewing management performance; 
-  Setting the Company’s values and standards; and 
-  Ensuring that obligations to shareholders and other stakeholders are understood and 

met. 

Under English law, the Board of Directors is responsible for management, administration 
and  representation  of  all  matters  concerning  the  relevant  business,  subject  to  the 
provisions  of  relevant  constitutional  documents,  applicable  laws  and  regulations,  and 
resolutions duly adopted at annual general meetings.  

In  addition,  the  Board  of  Directors  is  entitled  to  delegate  its  powers  to  an  executive 
committee  or  other  delegated  committee  or  to  one  or  more  persons,  unless  the 
shareholders, through a meeting, have specifically delegated certain powers to the Board 
and have not approved the Board of Director’s delegation to others. 

The  Board  has  established  four  Board  Committees.  Membership,  roles,  duties  and 
authority  of  these  committees  are  described  in  their  Terms  of  Reference,  available  in 
Atlantica’s  website  (www.atlantica.com).  These  Terms  of  Reference  are  reviewed  and 
updated by the Board on a yearly basis. The Board Committees are: 

-  Audit  Committee.  Responsible  for  monitoring  the  effectiveness  of  Atlantica’s 
financial  reporting,  internal  control  and  risk  management  systems,  as  well  as  the 
integrity  of  the  Company’s  external  and  internal  audit  processes.  We  refer  to  the 
Audit  Committee  Report  for  additional  information  on  its  responsibilities  and 
activities, membership, attendance, external audit assessments, internal audit plan, 
and whistleblower management. 

- 

Compensation Committee. Responsible for setting the remuneration for directors 
and recommending and monitoring remuneration for senior management. We refer 
to  the  Directors’  Remuneration  Report  for  additional  information  on  its  role, 
membership, attendance and activities. 

-  Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.  Responsible for reviewing 
the structure, size and composition of the Board as well as updating and/or issuing 
rules, 
following 
governance-related  documents 
developments and best practices. 

corporate  governance 

-  Related  Parties  Transactions  Committee.  Responsible  for  overseeing  the 
implementation of a system for identifying, monitoring and reporting related-parties 
transactions. 

The directors who served throughout 2022 and to the date of this report were as follows: 

203 

 
 
Name 

Role 

Term 

William Aziz 

Director, Independent 

Appointed on May 5, 2020. 

Arun Banskota 

Director 

Appointed on April 28, 2020. 

Debora Del Favero 

Director, Independent 

Appointed on May 5, 2020. 

Brenda Eprile 

Director, Independent 

Appointed on May 5, 2020. 

Michael Forsayeth 

Director, Independent 

Appointed on May 5, 2020. 

Edward C. Hall 

Director, Independent 

Appointed on August 2, 2022. 

Santiago Seage 

Director and Chief 
Executive Officer 

Appointed on December 17, 2013, resigned March 
9, 2018, re-appointed on December 19, 2018 and 
elected on June 20, 2019. 

George Trisic 

Director 

Appointed on October 9, 2020. 

Michael Woollcombe 

Director, Independent 
and Chair of the Board 

Appointed on May 5, 2020. 

There are no family relationships among any of our executive officers or directors. There 
are no potential conflicts of interest between the private interests or other duties of the 
members of the Board of Directors listed above and their duties to Atlantica, except in 
the  case  of  Mr.  Banskota,  who  serves  as  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  at 
Algonquin, and Mr. Trisic, who retired from a senior executive role at Algonquin Power 
Utilities Corp in April 2022. 

Detailed biographical information on Atlantica’s Board of Directors is available on our 
website. The Company’s Board of Directors represents a balanced structure in terms of 
diverse  professional  and  industry  backgrounds  (i.e.,  financial,  legal  and  regulatory, 
governance,  diversity  and  social  responsibility,  energy  sector,  etc.),  gender  and 
geographical  experience  (i.e.,  experience  in  international  business  environments), 
enabling  making  good  use  of  complementary  views,  insights  and  opinions  to  assess 
problems from a broader point of view, and making it more likely that the Board will take 
into account the best interests of all stakeholders. In August 2022, the Nominating and 
Corporate Governance Committee proposed to the Board of Directors, and the Board 
approved, the appointment of Mr. Hall as an independent non-executive director. Mr. 
Hall  brings  a  deep  understanding  of  electricity  markets  worldwide,  power  generation 
technologies and utility operations.  

As of December 31, 2022, the Board of Directors’ average tenure is less than 3 years and 
the Board members average age is 61 years old. 

Board member profiles:

204 

 
 
205 

 
 
 
206 

 
 
 
207 

 
 
 
208 

 
 
 
209 

 
 
 
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✓    ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓      ✓ 

  ✓      ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓   

l
a
t
o
T

6 

5 

8 

✓  ✓    ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓ 

8 

5 

✓  ✓    ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓ 

✓  ✓        ✓  ✓  ✓   

8 

✓  ✓  ✓    ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓ 

9 

✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓ 

9 

9 

9 

9 

5 

7 

✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓ 

✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓ 

✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓ 

✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓ 
  ✓      ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓   
  ✓    ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓  ✓ 

Independent (in accordance 
with the Board of Directors’ 
determination51) 
CEO/Senior Executive: 
CEO or senior executive 
experience with a large publicly 
traded organisation 
Governance/ Other 
Directorships: 
Director of public company 
and/or significant governance 
role 
Stakeholder: 
Experience in managing 
stakeholders or represents 
stakeholder group 
Energy Sector: 
Senior  executive  experience  in 
the energy sector 
Mergers & Acquisitions 
/Growth Strategy:  
Senior executive experience 
with mergers, acquisitions 
and/or business growth 
strategy  
Compensation and Human 
Resources: 
Understanding and experience 
with human resources issues 
and compensation policies 
Financial: 
Senior financial executive 
experience / Corporate or 
project finance/ Capital 
allocation 
Legal and Regulatory: 
Legal and regulatory experience 
International: 
Experience in international 
business environments 
Enterprise Risk Management 

Health and Safety, Climate 
Change, Environment 
Governance, Diversity and 
Social Responsibility 

51 Atlantica's Board has determined that Mr. Banskota and Mr. Trisic are not independent based on their relationship with Algonquin, 
which is currently Atlantica’s largest shareholder  with a 42.2% ownership. The Board has also determined that the rest of the non-
executive directors, Mr. Aziz, Ms. Del Favero, Ms. Eprile, Mr. Forsayeth, Mr. Hall and Mr. Woollcombe are independent. 

210 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Board Diversity Matrix as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 

Total Number of Directors 

2022 
9 

2021 
8 

Female 

Male 

Non-Binary 

Did Not Disclose 
Gender 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

Part I: Gender Identity 
Directors 

Part II: Demographic Background 
African American or Black 
Alaskan Native or Native American 
Asian1 
Hispanic or Latinx2 
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 
White3 
Two or More Races or Ethnicities 
LGBTQ+ 
Did Not Disclose Demographic Background 

2 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2 
- 
- 
- 

2 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2 
- 
- 
- 

7 

- 
- 
1 
1 
- 
5 
- 
- 
- 

6 

- 
- 
1 
1 
- 
4 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

The information provided above is based on the voluntary self-identification of each member of the Company’s Board 
of Directors. 

Note: demographic background definitions include: 

(1)  Asian  –  A  person  having  origins  in  any  of  the  original  peoples  of  the  Far  East,  Southeast  Asia,  or  the  Indian 
subcontinent,  including,  for  example,  Cambodia,  China,  India,  Japan,  Korea,  Malaysia,  Pakistan,  the  Philippine  Islands, 
Thailand, and Vietnam. 

(2) Hispanic or Latinx – A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture 
or origin, regardless of race. The term Latinx applies broadly to all gendered and gender-neutral forms that may be used 
by individuals of Latin American heritage, including individuals who self-identify as Latino/a/e. 

(3) White (not of Hispanic or Latinx origin) – A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle 
East, or North Africa. 

Membership and Attendance 

A total of 10 Board of Directors meetings were convened in 2022 with an attendance of 100%. 

211 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Director 

Membership 

From 

William Aziz 

May 2020 

Arun Banskota 

April 2020 

Debora Del Favero 

May 2020 

Brenda Eprile 

May 2020 

Michael Forsayeth 

May 2020 

Edward C. Hall 

Aug’ 2022 

Santiago Seage 

Dec' 2018 

George Trisic 

Oct’ 2020 

Michael Woollcombe 

May 2020 

To 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

n/a 

Role 

Attendance / 
Eligible to attend  

Director, Independent 

Director 

Director, Independent 

Director, Independent 

Director, Independent 

Director, Independent 

Director and Chief 
Executive Officer 

Director 

Director, Independent 
and Chair of the Board 

10/10 

10/10 

10/10 

10/10 

10/10 

4/4 

10/10 

10/10 

10/10 

Senior management attend meetings by invitation of the Board. 

2022 Key Activities 

Major areas of focus of the Board during 2022 have been as follows: 

-  Review of health and safety issues; 
-  Review environmental, social and governance (ESG) matters; 
-  Review and approval of the strategy of the Company: growth plan, key priorities and risks; 
-  Review of assets’ performance and main technical issues; 
-  Approval and review of the budget of the Company; 
-  Review and approval of quarterly and annual accounts; 
-  Approval of significant transactions (acquisitions, partnerships, etc.); 
-  Review of capital markets updates; and 
-  Approval of dividends. 

Prior  to  the  meetings,  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Directors  sent  the  agenda  and  provided 
sufficient notes and time for review. 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee  

Membership and Attendance 

A total of three Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meetings were convened in 
2022, with an average of 100%.  

212 

 
 
Director 

Membership 

From 

To 

Role 

Attendance / Eligible 
to Attend 

Debora Del Favero 

May 2020 

n/a 

Director, Independent and Chair of 
the Nominating and Corporate 
Governance Committee 

Michael Forsayeth 

May 2020 

n/a 

Director, Independent 

3/3 

3/3 

2022 Key Activities 

Major areas of focus of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee during 2022 have 
been as follows: 

-  The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee proposed to the Board of Directors, and 

the Board approved, the appointment of a new independent non-executive director. 

-  Updated key corporate governance documents including amongst others, the Code of Conduct, 

the Supplier Code of Conduct, and the Insider Trading Policy. 

Related Parties Transactions Committee 

The Related Parties Transaction Committee is responsible for overseeing the implementation of a 
system for identifying, monitoring and reporting related-parties transactions.  

As part of its duties and responsibilities, the Related Parties Transaction Committee evaluates all 
related  parties  transactions  to  ensure  that:  (1)  these  are  not  undertaken  on  more  favourable 
economic terms (e.g., price, commissions, interest rates, fees, tenor, collateral requirement) to such 
related parties than similar transactions with non-related parties under similar circumstances, (2) 
no corporate or business resources of the Company are misappropriated or misapplied, and (3) 
any potential reputational risk issues arises as a result of or in connection with the transactions. 

The Related Parties Transactions Committee shall meet as many times as required. Prior to entering 
into a Related Parties Transaction, the transaction shall be either approved or rejected by the non-
conflicted Directors at a Board of Director’s meeting upon recommendation of the Related Parties 
Transactions Committee. 

Membership and Attendance 

In 2022, the Related Parties Transactions Committee held one meeting with an attendance of 100%. 

Director 

Michael 
Forsayeth 

Membership 

From 

May 2020 

To 

n/a 

Director, Independent and Chair 
of the Related Parties 
Transactions Committee 

Role 

Attendance / Eligible to 
attend 

William Aziz 

May 2020 

n/a 

Director, Independent 

Brenda Eprile 

May 2020 

n/a 

Director, Independent 

1/1 

1/1 

1/1 

Under the principles of good corporate governance, the Code of Conduct and applicable law, any 
director or executive officer of Atlantica has a duty to declare any actual or potential conflict of 

213 

 
 
interest in any proposed or existing transaction or arrangement. In accordance with our Policy, all 
transactions with related parties over US$50,000 are subject to approval or ratification by the Board.  

Directors’ Indemnities 

The Company has made qualifying third-party indemnity provisions for the benefit of its directors 
which were made during the year and are in force at the date of this report. 

Financial Instruments 

Information  about  the  use  of  financial  instruments  by  the  Company  is  given  in  note  8  to  the 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  In  addition,  a  detailed  analysis  of  risk,  including  liquidity, 
interest  rate,  foreign  exchange  and  credit  risks  is  provided  in  sections  “Principal  risks  and 
uncertainties” of our Strategic report. 

Environmental Reporting 

Environmental information such as our  (i) GHG emissions and, (ii) quantity of energy consumed 
from activities for which the Company is responsible for and from the purchase of electricity, heat, 
steam or cooling by the Company for its own use is disclosed in the Strategic Report. 

Employees 

As part of our commitment to diversity and inclusion, we tolerate no discrimination in employment, 
including  discrimination  based  on  nationality,  ethnicity,  religion,  caste,  age,  disability,  gender, 
marital  status,  sexual  orientation,  union  membership,  political  affiliation,  health,  disability, 
pregnancy,  smoking  habits,  or  any  other  characteristic  protected  by  law.  In  particular,  we  are 
committed  to  create  a  supportive  and  understanding  workplace  environment  in  which  all 
employees feel welcome, respected and listened to, and where they can realise their full potential 
regardless of their race, colour, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, nationality, or disability. 

Atlantica’s Diversity and Inclusion Policy was approved by the Board of Directors in May 2020 and 
was last amended in December 2021. 

Additional  information  on  Atlantica’s  employees  and  its  policies  can  be  found  in  the  Strategic 
Report. 

Stakeholders 

Details on the methods the Board has used to engage and build strong business relationships with 
our  suppliers,  customers  and  other  key  stakeholders  are  given  on  the  Strategic  Report  (Supply 
Chain  Management,  Customer  Management  and  Data  Privacy).  Further  information  on  how  the 
Board  considered  stakeholders  in  its  decision  making  can  be  found  in  the  Governance  Section 
(Business  Ethics  and  Sustainability  Governance).  The  section  172  statement  is  available  in  the 
Strategic Report. 

Anti-Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement 

Atlantica has published its anti-slavery and human trafficking statement in accordance with the 
Modern Slavery Act, 2015, which can be found on www.atlantica.com. Additional information is 
provided in the Strategic Report. 

214 

 
 
Political Contributions 

It  is  the Company’s policy  that  neither  the  Company nor  any  of  its subsidiaries  may,  under any 
circumstances,  make  donations  or  contributions  to  political  organisations,  political  campaigns, 
ballots measures, referendums, lobbyists or lobbying organisations nor other tax-exempt groups. 
Thus, no political donations or contributions were made during 2022, 2021 nor 2020. 

Research and Development 

As of December 31, 2022, we own 31 patents and technology licences related to key components 
of  our  assets,  to  processes  and  to  solutions  to  monitor,  operate  and  maintain  our  assets  in  a 
sustainable and cost-effective manner, as well as 6 patents currently in process. We also have an 
Operations Department that dedicates time and effort to identifying potential measures to improve 
asset  performance,  reducing  operating  costs  and  developing  tools  to  manage  our  assets  more 
efficiently. In addition, we have an in-house advanced analytics team to improve the performance 
of  our  existing  technologies.  Additional  information  on  our  patents  and our  operations and  in-
house advanced analytics teams is disclosed in the Strategic Report.  

Corporate Governance Statement 

Atlantica, as a non-premium listed company, is not required to implement the provisions of the UK 
Corporate  Governance  Code  (the  “Code”)  and  has  chosen  to  follow  the  requirements  of  the 
NASDAQ Listing Rules in terms of corporate governance.  

Our Board is responsible collectively for providing leadership within a framework of appropriate 
and effective controls that enable us to assess the risk and then manage it promoting the success 
of the Company. The Board is also responsible for the effective oversight of the Company’s strategy 
and  performance,  financial  reporting,  internal  control  and  risk  management  framework,  and 
corporate governance processes. It is also ultimately accountable to shareholders for the long-term 
performance of the Company and the delivery of sustainable shareholder and stakeholder value. 

The Board has put in place a clear and robust corporate governance framework in order to facilitate 
the oversight role that it provides in these areas. This includes a schedule of matters reserved for 
the approval of the Board, such as the approval of acquisitions, the Company strategy and budgets, 
major capital expenditure, the Company’s financial statements and its dividend policy. With the aim 
of allowing the Board appropriate time to focus on these key matters within the constraints of its 
annual programme, a number of its other responsibilities have been delegated to four principal 
committees. Such responsibilities are set out within the Terms of Reference for each Committee, 
which can be found on our website at www.atlantica.com. 

Auditors 

Each person who is a director at the date of approval of this Consolidated Annual Report confirms 
that: 
-  So far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's 

auditor is unaware; and 

-  The director has taken all the steps that he/she ought to have taken as a director in order to 
make  himself/herself  aware  of  any  relevant  audit  information  and  to  establish  that  the 
Company's auditor is aware of that information. 

215 

 
 
This confirmation is given and should be interpreted in accordance with the provisions of Section 
418 of the U.K. Companies Act 2006.  

Ernst  &  Young  S.L.  and  Ernst  &  Young  LLP  are  our  auditors  providing  the  audit  services  to  the 
Company during 2021. Ernst & Young S.L. and other member firms of EY were appointed as external 
auditor of the Group in February 2019 for the period 2019 – 2022.  

The  Company  requested  at  the  Annual  General  Meeting  held  in  May  2022  to  approve  the  re-
appointment  of  Ernst  &  Young  LLP  and  Ernst  &  Young  S.L.  as  the  Company’s  auditors  until 
December 31, 2023. 

Events After the Balance Sheet Date 

Details  of  significant  events  since  the  balance  sheet  date  are  contained  in  note  25  to  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements. 

On February 21, 2023, Atlantica’s Board of Directors commenced a process to explore and evaluate 
potential strategic alternatives that may be available to Atlantica to maximize shareholder value. 
The  Company  believes  it  has  attractive  growth  and  other  opportunities  in  front  of  it  and  is 
committed to ensuring that its diversified portfolio of assets and growth platform is best positioned 
to take advantage of those opportunities. The decision of Atlantica’s Board of Directors to explore 
strategic alternatives has the support of the Company’s largest shareholder, Algonquin. Atlantica 
expects  to  continue  executing  on  its  existing  plans  while  the  review  of  strategic  alternatives  is 
ongoing, including its current growth plan and its focus on continuing to invest in accretive growth 
opportunities. There is no assurance that any specific transaction will be consummated, or other 
strategic change will be implemented as a result of this strategic review. 

On February 28, 2023, our Board of Directors approved a dividend of $0.445 per share which is 
expected to be paid on March 25, 2023 to shareholders of record on March 14, 2023. 

This report was approved by the Board of Directors on February 28, 2023 and signed on its behalf 
by Santiago Seage, Director and Chief Executive Officer. 

Director and Chief Executive Officer  
Santiago Seage 
February 28, 2023 

216 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Audit Committee Report 

Chair’s Introduction 

I  am  pleased  to  introduce  this  report  on  the  Audit  Committee’s  activities  during  the  year.  The 
committee has continued to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities by monitoring 
the integrity of the company’s financial reporting and risk management systems and challenging 
management and the external auditors on key issues including accounting judgements and control 
issues. 

Brenda Eprile 

Committee Chair 

Committee Overview 

Role of the Committee 

The  committee  monitors  the  effectiveness  of  Atlantica’s  financial  reporting,  systems  of  internal 
control and risk management, as well as the integrity of the Company’s external and internal audit 
processes. 

Key Responsibilities during 2022 

-  Monitoring  and  obtaining  assurance  that  the  processes  to  identify,  manage,  and  mitigate 
significant and emerging financial risks are appropriately addressed by senior management and 
that the system of internal control is designed and implemented effectively in accordance with 
Board authorised limits. 

-  Overseeing  the  appointment,  remuneration,  independence  and  performance  of  the  external 
auditor and the integrity of the audit process overall, including the engagement of the external 
auditor to provide non-audit services to Atlantica. 

-  Reviewing the effectiveness of the internal audit function, Atlantica’s internal financial controls 

and systems of internal control and risk management. 

-  Reviewing  financial  statements  and  other  financial  disclosures  along  with  ESG  indicators  for 
clarity and monitoring compliance with relevant legal and listing requirements, and applicable 
financial reporting standards.  

-  Reviewing the systems in place to enable those who work for Atlantica to raise concerns about 
possible  improprieties  in  financial  reporting  or  other  issues  and  for  those  matters  to  be 
investigated. 

Meetings and attendance 

There were 4 committee meetings in 2022. All members attended each meeting. Regular attendees 
at  the  meetings  from  management  include  the Chief  Financial  Officer,  Head  of  Accounting  and 
Consolidation Department, Head of Investor Relations, Head of Internal Audit, Corporate Secretary, 
and the external auditor. 

217 

 
 
 
 
 
Director 

Brenda Eprile 

William Aziz 
Michael Forsayeth 

Membership 

From 

May 2020 

May 2020 
May 2020 

To 

n/a 

n/a 
n/a 

Role 

Attendance / 
Eligible to 
Attend  

Director, Independent and Chair of the Audit 
Committee. Financial Expert 
Director, Independent. Financial Expert 
Director, Independent. Financial Expert 

4/4 

4/4 
4/4 

The Directors who serve on the committee have the necessary qualifications and bring a wide range 
and  depth  of  financial  experience  across  various  industries.  The  Board  is  satisfied  that  all  three 
members meet the requirements to qualify as “audit committee financial experts” under applicable 
SEC rules. The collective knowledge, skills, experience and objectivity of the committee members 
enables the committee to work effectively and to have robust discussions with management on 
significant issues. 

2022 Key Activities 

Reviewing Financial Disclosure 

During  the  year,  the  committee  reviewed  the  quarterly  and  annual  financial  statements  with 
management, focusing on the: 

•  Integrity of the Company’s financial reporting process. 

•  Clarity of the disclosures.  

•  Compliance  with  relevant  legal  and  listing  requirements,  and  applicable  financial  reporting 

standards. 

•  Application of accounting policies and judgements.  

In its review of financial reporting, the committee received regular updates from management and 
the external auditor in relation to accounting judgements and estimates, including those related to 
asset impairment and recoverability. 

In considering Atlantica’s 2022 Integrated Annual Report and Form 20-F, the committee assessed 
whether  the  reports  were  fair,  balanced  and  understandable  and  whether  they  provided 
shareholders  with  the  information  necessary  to  assess  Atlantica’s  position  and  performance.  In 
making  this  assessment,  the  committee  examined  disclosures  during  the  year,  discussed  the 
requirements with senior management, confirmed that representations to the external auditors had 
been  evidenced  and  reviewed  reports  relating  to  internal  control  over  financial  reporting.  The 
committee made a recommendation to the Board, who in turn reviewed these reports, confirmed 
the assessment and approved the reports’ publication and filing. 

Accounting Judgements and Estimates 

The committee was briefed on a quarterly basis on the company’s key accounting judgements and 
estimates. The primary areas of judgement and estimation considered by the committee are laid 
out below. These areas were discussed with management and the external auditor throughout the 
year and during the review of the financial statements. The committee is satisfied that the financial 
statements appropriately address the key accounting judgements and estimates in the reported 
amounts and related disclosures. 

218 

 
 
 
Particular attention was paid  to  the following  significant  judgements  and  estimates  in  the 2022 
financial reporting. 

1. Recoverability of contracted concessional assets. 

2.  Credit  risk  assessment  of  certain  off  takers  /  customers  and  potential  expected  losses  on 
receivables. 

3.  Significant  one-off  transactions,  including  acquisitions,  partnerships  and  other  significant 
agreements. 

4. Recoverability of tax assets. 

5. Operation and maintenance risk in specific geographies. 

6. Controls for identifying and evaluating potential impairment indicators or triggering events. 

7. Impact of regulatory developments in particular jurisdictions. 

Non-Financial Reporting 

The  principal  risks  allocated  to  the  Audit  Committee  for  monitoring  in  2022  included  those 
associated with:  

•  Counterparty risk. 

•  Compliance with policies and regulation. 

•  Financial liquidity. 

•  Tax risk. 

•  ESG indicators. 

We discussed management’s ongoing approach to these risk areas during our quarterly committee 
meetings. 

In  addition,  during  the  year,  the  committee  reviewed  the  Supplement  on  ESG  to  the  2021  U.K. 
Annual Report, focusing on the clarity and consistency of the disclosure, prior to Board approval. 

219 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Committee's Time and Responsabilities

Internal Audit, 
Internal Control and 
Risk Management 

35%

Financial 
Reporting 

30%

15%

20%

Non-financial 
Reporting 

External Audit 

The committee performed an annual self-assessment in 2022. We discussed the findings and areas 
for improvement. Climate risk was an area identified as increasing in importance. 

External Audit 

➢  Assessing Audit Risk 

The  external  auditor  prepared  an  audit  plan  for  2022  which  identified  key  audit  risks  to  be 
addressed during the audit including:  

Improper revenue recognition. 

-  Management override of controls related to relevant management estimates. 
- 
-  Credit risk of certain significant power off-takers or customers. 
-  Recoverability assessment of contractual concessional assets. 
-  Risks related to material acquisitions or transactions. 
-  Significant unusual transactions. 
-  Financial  covenants  in  relation  to  the  risk  of  incorrect  classification  of  current  assets  and 

liabilities. 

The committee received updates during the year on the audit process, including how the external 
auditor challenged management’s assumptions on key issues. 

➢  Assessing Audit Fees 

The  Audit  Committee  reviews  the  fee  structure,  resourcing  and  terms  of  engagement  for  the 
external auditor annually. In addition, we review the non-audit services that the auditor provides 
on a quarterly basis.  

Fees paid to the auditor for the year were $2.6 million (2021 $2.9 million). Non-audit fees were $0.5 
million  (2021  $0.6  million),  which  was  24%  of  the  audit  and  audit-related  fees  (see  financial 
statements – Note 23). Non-audit or non-audit related services consisted of tax compliance in US 
subsidiaries and transfer pricing services. The Audit Committee is satisfied that this level of fee is 
appropriate in respect of the audit services provided and that an effective audit can be conducted 
for this fee.  

220 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
➢  Assessing Audit Effectiveness 

Management undertook a survey which compromised questions in the following areas: 

-  Communication and availability. 

-  Technical knowledge. 

-  Quality of the service. 

-  Deadline achievements. 

-  Added value. 
-  Objectivity. 

The  results  of  the  survey  indicated  that  most  geographic  regions  were  satisfied  with  the 
performance of the external auditors. There were some areas for improvement, however none of 
them impacted the effectiveness of the audit. The results of the survey were discussed with EY for 
consideration in their 2022 audit approach. EY’s proposed action plan to address these areas for 
improvement  was  reviewed  with  the  committee.  Progress  on  addressing  these  matters  was 
discussed with management at the quarterly audit committee meetings. 

The committee also held in camera meetings with the external auditors during the year and the 
committee  chair  met  separately  with  the  external  auditor  and  Head  of  Internal  Audit  at  least 
quarterly. 

The  effectiveness  of  the  external  auditor  is  evaluated  by  the  committee.  In  this  regard,  the 
committee along with management and the external auditors, responded to a survey in relation to 
the following areas:  

-  Auditor independence, objectivity, and professional scepticism. 

-  Quality of the engagement team. 

-  Communication and interaction. 

-  Quality of service. 

The committee assessed the auditor’s approach to providing audit services and concluded that the 
audit team was providing the appropriate quality in relation to the services provided. The audit 
team has the requisite expertise, depth of knowledge, appreciation of complex issues, dedication, 
as well as the independence and objectivity necessary to fulfil their responsibilities to shareholders. 
They are able and willing to appropriately challenge management. 

➢  Assessing Auditor Reappointment and Independence 

The  committee considers  the  reappointment  of the  external  auditor  each  year  before  making  a 
recommendation to the Board. The committee assesses the independence of the external auditor 
on an ongoing basis. The external auditor is required to rotate the lead audit partner every five 
years and we have discussed and agreed succession plans with EY during the year.  

➢  Oversight of Non-Audit Services 

The Audit Committee is responsible for Atlantica’s policy on non-audit services and the approval 
of non-audit services. Audit objectivity and independence is safeguarded through the prohibition 
of certain non-audit services and audit-related services which fall within certain defined categories. 
Atlantica’s policy on non-audit services states that the auditor may not perform non-audit services 
that are prohibited by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). 

221 

 
 
The Audit Committee approves the terms of all audit services as well as permitted audit-related 
and non-audit related services. 

Approvals for individual engagements of pre-approved permitted services below certain thresholds 
are delegated to the Head of Internal Audit. Any proposed service not included in the permitted 
services categories must be approved in advance either by the Audit Committee Chair or the Audit 
Committee before the engagement commences. The Audit Committee, Chief Financial Officer and 
Head of Internal Audit monitor overall compliance with Atlantica’s policy on audit-related and non-
audit services, including whether the necessary pre-approvals have been obtained. The categories 
of  permitted  and  pre-approved  services  are  outlined  in  Note  23  of  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements included in this Annual Report. The external auditor is considered for permitted non-
audit services only when its expertise and experience with Atlantica is important. 

For non-audit services, the accumulated annual fees threshold is 50% of the annual audit services 
fees as stated in the policy. 

All services performed by EY have been approved by the committee. All fees received by EY in 2022 
have been approved by the committee. 

EY 

Other Auditors 

Total 

 In thousand USD 

Audit Fees 

Audit-Related Fees 

Tax Fees 

Total 

1,643 

422 

502 

2,567 

295 

- 

- 

295 

1,938  
422  
502 

2,862 

“Audit  Fees”  are  the  aggregate  fees  billed  for  professional  services  in  connection  with  the  audit  of  our  Annual 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  quarterly  reviews  of  our  interim  financial  statements  and  statutory  audits  of  our 
subsidiaries’ financial statements under the rules of England and Wales and the countries in which our subsidiaries are 
organised.  The  increase  in  audit  fees  is  mainly  due  to  inflation  increase  partially  counterbalanced  by  exchange  rates 
variations. 

“Audit-Related Fees” include fees charged for services that can only be provided by our auditor, such as consents and 
comfort  letters  of  non-recurring  transactions,  assurance  and  related  services  that  are  reasonably  related  to  the 
performance of the audit or review of our financial statements. Fees paid during 2022 and 2021 related to comfort letters 
and consents required for capital market transactions of our major shareholder are also included in this category ($204 
thousand  and  $272  thousand  in  2022  and  2021  respectively).  These  fees  were  re-invoiced  and  paid  by  our  major 
shareholder. 

“Tax Fees” include mainly fees charged for transfer pricing services and tax compliance services in our US subsidiaries. 

Internal Audit 

The  committee  reviewed  and  approved  the  2022  Internal  Audit  Plan.  Throughout  the  year  the 
committee received quarterly reports on the findings of internal audit and actions taken to address 
those  findings,  as  well  as  their  reviews  of  cash  distributions  from  its  operating  entities  and  the 
Group’s various financial covenants. The committee also received a report from internal audit on 
their annual review of the system of internal control. The committee met privately with the Head 
of Internal Audit each quarter. The committee continued to monitor and review the effectiveness 
of internal audit during the year. 

222 

 
 
 
  
  
  
Whistleblowing 

The  committee  is  responsible  for  monitoring  the  management  of  the  Whistleblower  Channel. 
According to the Code of Conduct, any allegation received through the Whistleblower Channel will 
be sent to the Chair of the Audit Committee, the General Counsel and the Head of Internal Audit. 

All main procedures performed, conclusions and proposed corrective measures are communicated 
to the committee. 

The Company’s whistle-blower policy encourages employees of the Company, its subsidiaries and 
all  external  stakeholders  to  raise  concerns  about  suspected  wrongdoing  within  the  Group  in 
complete confidence.  

Atlantica’s Whistleblower Channel is available at the Company’s website www.atlantica.com. 

223 

 
 
 
 
Directors’ Remuneration Report  

Introduction 

This report (the “Directors' Remuneration Report”) relates to the remuneration of the directors of 
Atlantica  for  the  year  ending  December  31,  2022.  It  sets  out  the  remuneration  policy  and 
remuneration details for the executive and non-executive directors of the Company. It has been 
prepared in accordance with Schedule 8 of The Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups 
(Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008, as amended. 

The report is split into three main areas: 

-  The statement by the Chair of the Compensation Committee; 
-  The annual report on remuneration; and 
-  The remuneration policy. 

The Directors’ Remuneration Report and the Remuneration Policy will be submitted to a vote by 
shareholders  at  the  Annual  General  Meeting  in  April  2023.  The  Remuneration  Policy  was  last 
approved by shareholders at the Annual General Meeting in 2021. Shareholders will be asked to 
approve amendments to the remuneration policy at our 2023 Annual General Meeting to be held 
in April 2023.  

The changes to the policy consist of (1) extending to executive directors the vesting conditions of 
the  LTIP  currently  applicable  to  the  rest  of  executives,  so  that  33%  of  the  award  is  subject  to 
continuing  employment  and  67%  of  the  award  is  subject  to  continuing  employment  and 
achievement  of  a  minimum  5%  average  annual  TSR,  (2)  amending  the  performance  measures 
applicable  to  the  annual  bonus,  (3)  approving  a  strategic  review  bonus  and  (4)  updates  to  the 
change  of  control  and  delisting  events  in  the  LTIP  to  reflect  the  assessment  of  performance 
conditions under such events, and are set out in more detail below. 

The Companies Act 2006 requires the auditors to report to the shareholders on certain parts of the 
Directors’ Remuneration Report and to state whether, in their opinion, those parts of the report 
have been properly prepared in accordance with the Regulations. The statement by the Chair of 
the Compensation Committee and the remuneration policy are not subject to audit. 

Statement by the Chair of the Compensation Committee 

I am pleased to present the Directors’ Remuneration Report for 2022. The regular and transparent 
dialogue  with  shareholders,  investors  and  other  stakeholders  is  a  vital  element  in  our  way  of 
operating  and,  through  this  remuneration  report,  we  aim  to  increase  the  awareness  of  our 
shareholders of the principles of our remuneration policy. 

The  Company´s  remuneration  policy  is  set  in  accordance  with  applicable  law,  with  the  aim  of 
attracting  and  retaining  highly  skilled  professional  and  managerial  resources  and  aligning  the 
interests  of  management  with  the  primary  objective  of  value  creation  for  shareholders,  for  the 
Company, its stakeholders and the members of the Company as a whole, in the medium to long 
term.  

A  total  of  three  Compensation  Committee  meetings  were  convened  in  2022.  All  Committee 
members attended each meeting that they were eligible to attend. On February 3, 2023, the Board 

224 

 
 
of  Directors  elected  Mr.  Hall  independent,  non-executive  director,  as  a  new  member  of  the 
Compensation Committee. 

The Compensation Committee focused its activities on the following objectives: 

✓  Periodically  reviewing  the  Chief  Executive  Officer’s  annual  compensation  package  and 

performance objectives; 

✓  Periodically reviewing the remuneration policy and overall levels of remuneration for the Chief 
Executive  Officer  and  senior  management  team,  including  the  long-term  incentive  plans,  in 
accordance with the following criteria: 
-  Seeking an alignment between incentives, business performance and creation of value for 

shareholders, and 

-  Retention in the medium to long term of high-quality personnel who can achieve ambitious 
targets and face the challenges that the Company will have to face in the current and future 
market context. 

✓  Periodically reviewing the remuneration levels of non-executive directors; and 
✓  Reviewing  the  Company’s  compensation  for  directors,  the  CEO  and  management  in 

comparison with its direct peers and best practices. 

In 2022, most of the objectives defined for the Chief Executive Officer's variable bonus were met 
or  exceeded  and  the  Compensation  Committee  decided  to  approve  a  bonus  corresponding  to 
102.35%% of the target variable compensation, which will be payable in 2023. In 2021, most of the 
objectives  defined for  the  Chief  Executive  Officer's  variable  bonus  were met  or  exceeded and a 
bonus corresponding to 105.0% of the target variable compensation was paid in 2022.  

To finalise, I would like to thank our shareholders for their strong vote in favour of approving the 
directors’ remuneration report last year, demonstrating their support of Atlantica’s remuneration 
arrangements.  

I look forward to welcoming you and receiving your support again at the Annual General Meeting 
this year. 

Annual Report on Remuneration 

1. Single Total Figure of Remuneration for Each Director (Audited) 

Each  independent  non-executive  director  is  entitled  to  receive  annual  compensation  of  $150.0 
thousand. The Chair of the Board and Chairs of the committees of the Board are entitled to receive 
additional compensation as detailed in the table below.  

Non-independent non-executive directors are entitled to be compensated on the same terms as 
independent non-executive directors. In 2021, non-independent non-executive directors declined 
compensation. In 2022, Mr. Banskota also declined compensation. Since April 2022, Mr. Trisic has 
received compensation after retiring from a senior executive role at Algonquin Power Utilities Corp. 

The following table sets out the fee schedule for 2022 and 2021: 

225 

 
 
In thousands of U.S. Dollars 

2022 

2021 

Annual Director Retainer 
Non-Executive Director 
Annual Committee Chair Retainer 
Chair of the Board 
Chair of the Audit Committee 
Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee  
Chair of the Compensation Committee 

150.0 

75.0 
15.0 
10.0 
10.0 

150.0 

75.0 
15.0 
10.0 
10.0 

The table below summarises the total annual compensation of the executive and non-executive 
directors who received remuneration during 2022 and 2021. 

In thousands of U.S. 

Salary and Fees 

Salary and Fees in 

Dollars 

in Cash 

DRSUs2 

Deferred 

Long-Term 

Restricted 

Annual Bonuses 

Incentive 

Share Units 

Awards3 (Vested) 

Dividend 

Equivalents4 

Total Fixed 

Total Variable 

Remuneration 

Remuneration 

Total 

Name1 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

2022  2021 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

William Aziz 

Debora Del Favero 

Brenda Eprile 

Michael Forsayeth 

Edward C Hall5 

160.0 

112.0 

165.0 

75.0 

62.5 

160.0 

128.5 

165.0 

100.8 

- 

Santiago Seage6 

727.2 

816.6 

George Trisic7 

Michael Woollcombe 

- 

- 

- 

77.5 

-  

48.0 

 - 

75.0 

 - 

 - 

110.0 

225.0 

- 

31.5 

- 

49.2 

- 

- 

 - 

147.5 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

931.3  1,056.3 

2,992.4 

1,879.8 

- 

- 

160.0 

160.0 

2.5 

0.3 

162.5 

160.3 

- 

- 

165.0 

165.0 

4.0 

0.5 

154.0 

150.5 

62.5 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1.6 

11.9 

111.6 

- 

1.5 

236.9 

226.5 

- 

- 

- 

- 

111.6 

236.9 

- 

226.5 

727.2 

816.6 

3,923.7 

2,936.1 

4,651.0 

3,752.7 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

160.0 

162.5 

165.0 

154.0 

62.5 

160.0 

160.3 

165.0 

150.5 

- 

Total 

1,301.7  1,448.5 

458.0 

228.1  931.3  1,056.3  2,992.4  1,879.8 

20.0 

2.3  1,779.7  1,679.0  3,923.7  2,936.1  5,703.5  4,615.1 

1  None of the Directors received any pension entitlement and/or taxable benefits in 2022 or 2021. 
2  Non-executive directors receive salary and fees via a mix of cash and Deferred Restricted Share Units (DRSUs). Following the Annual 
General Meeting held in May 2021, the Company determined, and Ms. Del Favero, Mr. Forsayeth, and Mr. Woollcombe agreed that 
30%, 50% and 100% respectively of the annual fee payable to the director by the Company from May 31, 2021 shall be irrevocably 
substituted for the grant of DRSUs.  

3  Long-term Incentive Awards includes awards under both the Long-term Incentive Plan (LTIP) and the One-Off Plan which vested in 
the year, calculating amounts using the share price at vesting date. In 2022, from the $2,992.4 thousand vested, $1,490.1 corresponded 
to share appreciation. In 2021, from the $1,879.8 thousand vested, $1,549.1 corresponded to share appreciation. 

4  Dividend equivalent rights accumulated on the DRSU corresponding to the amount of dividends paid for one share in the period 
between the DRSU effective date and December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, multiplied by the number of DRSUs held on that 
date. Such rights are only payable on vesting of the DRSUs.  

5  Mr. Hall was appointed to the Board on August 2, 2022 as an independent non-executive Director. Mr. Hall’s 2022 fee was prorated 

for the year based on the annual directors’ retainer. 

6  The CEO’s compensation is approved in Euros. It has been converted to U.S. dollars for reporting purposes, at the average exchange 

rate of each year, which is 1.05 $/€ in 2022 and 1.18 $/€ in 2021.  
-  In  2022,  the  CEO’s  total  pay  amounted  to  €4,401.7  thousand  ($4,651.0  thousand).  Fixed  salary  amounted  to  €690.0  thousand 
($727.2  thousand),  annual  bonus to  €870.0 thousand  ($931.3  thousand)  and  long-term  incentive  awards  to  €2,841.7 thousand 
($2,992.4 thousand). 

-  In  2021,  the  CEO’s  total  pay  amounted  to  €3,148.6  thousand  ($3,752.7  thousand).  Fixed  salary  amounted  to  €690.0  thousand 
($816.6 thousand), annual bonus to €892.5 thousand ($1,056.3 thousand) and long-term incentive awards to €1,566.1 thousand 
($1,879.8 thousand). 

7  Mr. Trisic, non-independent non-executive director, has received compensation since April 6, 2022. Mr. Trisic’s 2022 fee was prorated 
for the year based on the annual directors’ retainer. The Company determined and Mr. Trisic agreed that 100% of his fee shall be 
irrevocably substituted for the grant of DRSUs. 

226 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Remuneration Report is presented in U.S. dollars since remuneration of all directors except the 
CEO is defined in U.S. dollars and the functional currency of the Company is also the U.S. dollar. 
None of the directors received any pension entitlement and/or taxable benefits in 2022 or 2021. 
Each member of our Board of Directors will be indemnified for his or her actions associated with 
being a director to the extent permitted by law. 

The increase in the remuneration of the CEO in 2022 corresponds mainly to the vesting of restricted 
share units granted under the LTIP in 2019, as we explain below.  

Chief Executive Officer Long Term Incentives awards vested 

1)  One-off plan 

An award in the form of restricted stock units (RSUs) was granted under a One-off plan to the CEO 
in 2019. In June 2022 and 2021, the second and third tranches vested, and shares were transferred 
to the CEO in accordance with the terms of the plan. The One-off plan RSUs are now fully vested.  

The value of the shares transferred have been included in the Single Total Figure of Remuneration 
table above in their vesting period. 

One-Off Plan1 

One-Off Plan 
Vesting 

Share Price on 
Vesting Date 
(USD) 
31.30 
36.50 
1  Additional information on the One-off plan is disclosed in the Remuneration Policy section. 
2  On each vesting date, one third of the RSUs vest  (14,535 RSUs) plus dividend equivalent rights corresponding to the amount of 
dividends paid on one share in the period between the One-off plan effective date and the date on which the RSU vests ($5.07 per 
RSU for 2022 and $3.32 per RSU for 2021), multiplied by the number of RSUs vesting on that date. 

Number of 
Restricted Stock 
Units (#) 
14,535 
14,535 

RSUs Value at 
Vesting Date 
(000’s USD)2 
528.6 
578.8 

June 20223 
June 2021 

2019 

3  In June 2022, the final tranche of RSUs vested. As a result, there are no other awards outstanding under this plan. 

2)  Options vested under the LTIP 

One-third  of  each  of  the  CEO’s  share  options  awarded  in  2019,  2020  and  2021  under  the  LTIP 
vested during 2022. The 2019 and 2020 share options were exercised, and shares were transferred 
to the CEO in accordance with the terms of the plan. The 2021 share options vested, but they were 
not exercised. The 2021 share options were underwater on the vesting date. 

The share options value have been included in the Single Total Figure of Remuneration table above 
in their vesting period. 

LTIP Share 
Option Grant 
Date1 
2021 

2020 

2019 

 Share  
Option Vesting  
Date 
2022 
2022 
2021 
2022 
2021 

Number of Share 
Options Vesting 
 (#) 

Share Price on 
Vesting Date 
(USD) 

Exercise Price 
per Share 
Option (USD) 

24,948 
34,494 
34,494 
40,693 
40,693 

32.53 
34.48 
44.17  
31.30 
36.50 

37.98 
26.39 
26.39  
19.60 
19.60  

 Share Options 
Value at Vesting 
Date (000’s USD)2 
- 
279.1 
613.3 
476.1 
687.7 

1  Additional information on the LTIP is disclosed in the Remuneration Policy section. 
2  The value of the share options on the vesting date is calculated using the number of share options multiplied by (the share price on 

the vesting date minus the exercise price per share option). 

227 

 
 
3)  Restricted Stock Units vested under the LTIP 

In June 2022 restricted stock units (RSUs) awarded in 2019 under the LTIP vested and shares were 
transferred to the CEO in accordance with the terms of the plan. In 2021 no units vested under the 
LTIP. The value of the vested RSUs have been included in the Single Total Figure of Remuneration 
table above in their vesting period. 

RSU Grant Date 

Number of 
Restricted Stock 
Units Vesting (#) 
46,987 
1  RSU vesting under the LTIP in 2019 includes RSUs (46,987 RSUs) plus dividend equivalent rights  corresponding to the amount of 

Share Price on 
Vesting Date 
(USD) 
31.10 

RSUs Value at 
Vesting Date 
(000’s USD)1 
1,708.7 

RSU  
Vesting Date 

2022 

2019 

dividends paid on one share RSU between the LTIP 2019 effective date and the date on which the RSU vests ($5.07 per RSU). 

In 2022, most of the objectives defined for the Chief Executive Officer's variable bonus were met 
or  exceeded  and  the  Compensation  Committee  decided  to  approve  a  bonus  corresponding  to 
102.35% of the target variable compensation, which will be payable in 2023. 

CAFD1 – Equal or higher than the CAFD budgeted in the 2022 budget 
Adjusted EBITDA – Equal or higher than the Adjusted EBITDA budgeted in the 
2022 budget 
Close sustainable value accretive investments 
Achieve health and safety targets – (Frequency with Leave / Lost Time Index 
below 3.9 and General Frequency Index below 10.1) based on reliable targets 
and consistent measure metrics 
Management of relationships with key shareholders and partners 
Continued executive talent development 
Disclosure best standards 

Percentage 
Weight 
35% 

15% 

15% 

10% 

10% 
10% 
5% 

Achievement 

99% 

98% 

85% 

120% 

120% 
120% 
85% 

1  Cash  Available  for  Distribution  (CAFD)  refers  to  the  cash  distributions  received  by  the  Company  from  its  subsidiaries,  minus  cash 
expenses of the Company, including debt service and general and administrative expenses. 

In 2021, most of the objectives defined for the Chief Executive Officer's variable bonus were met 
or  exceeded  and  the  Compensation  Committee  decided  to  approve  a  bonus  corresponding  to 
105.0% of the target variable compensation, which was paid in 2022. 

The  Chief  Executive  Officer’s  maximum  potential  bonus  is  120%  of  such  bonus,  which  is 
approximately $1,092 thousand (approximately €1,020 thousand). 

No element of the Chief Executive Officer’s annual bonus is deferred. 

Deferred Restricted Shares Units (DRSU) Plan  

The following table sets out the total compensation received by non-executive directors via a mix 
of cash and DRSUs in 2022: 

228 

 
 
 
Name 

Total Remuneration 

Total Remuneration in Cash and/or  

Deferred Restricted Stock Units (DRSU) 

(000’s USD) 

Remuneration in Cash 

Remuneration in DRSUs 

(000’s USD) 

DRSUs (000’s USD) 

Number of DRSUs (#)4 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

William Aziz 

Debora Del Favero1 

Brenda Eprile 

Michael Forsayeth1 

Edward C. Hall2 

George Trisic3 

Michael Woollcombe1 

160.0 

160.0 

165.0 

150.0 

62.5 

110.0 

225.0 

160.0 

160.0 

165.0 

150.0 

- 

- 

225.0 

160.0 

112.0 

165.0 

75.0 

62.5 

- 

- 

160.0 

128.5 

165.0 

100.8 

- 

- 

77.5 

- 

48.0 

- 

75.0 

- 

110.0 

225.0 

- 

31.5 

- 

49.2 

- 

- 

147.5 

- 

1,619 

- 

2,530 

- 

3,901 

7,589 

- 

878 

- 

1,372 

- 

- 

4,117 

Total 
1  Following  the  Annual  General  Meeting  held  in  May  2021, the Company  determined,  and  Ms.  Del  Favero,  Mr. Forsayeth,  and  Mr. 
Woollcombe agreed that 30%, 50% and 100% respectively of the annual fee payable to the director by the Company from May 31, 
2021 shall be irrevocably substituted for the grant of DRSUs.  

1,032.5 

15,638 

631.9 

574.5 

860.0 

228.1 

458.0 

6,367 

2  Mr. Hall was appointed to the Board on August 2, 2022 as an independent non-executive Director. Mr. Hall’s 2022 fee was prorated 

based on the annual director’s retainer. 

3  Mr. Trisic, non-independent non-executive director, has received compensation since April 6, 2022. Mr. Trisic’s 2022 fee was prorated 
based on the annual directors’ retainer. The Company determined and Mr. Trisic agreed that 100% of his fee shall be irrevocably 
substituted for the grant of DRSUs. 

4  The number of DRSUs granted is determined by dividing the amount of the annual compensation to be substituted for DRSUs by the 

market value of an ordinary share at the time of grant. 

2. Remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer 

The information provided in this part of the report is subject to audit. 

Details for Mr. Seage, who serves in the role of the Chief Executive Officer, are set out in the “Single 
Total Figure of Remuneration for Each Director” section above. 

In  2022,  Mr.  Seage  was  awarded  $931.3  thousand  as  a  bonus  payment  in  accordance  with  his 
service  agreement,  payable  in  2023.  In  2021,  Mr.  Seage  was  awarded  $1,056.3  thousand  in 
accordance with his service agreement, which was paid in 2022. The CEO’s bonus is approved in 
Euros and converted to U.S. dollars for reporting purposes at the average exchange rate of each 
year. The decrease in amount is due in part to the fluctuation of the Euro-Dollar exchange rate. 

Scheme Interests Awarded During 2022 

LTIP 

Number of  
Restricted 
Stock Units 

Restricted Stock 
Units Face Value1 
(000’s USD) 

2022 

35,2022 

1,197.2 

Performance Criteria 

RSU: 5% minimum Total Shareholder Return 
performance stock unit over a three-year period 

1  Face Value means the maximum number of shares that would vest if performance measures are met using the share price at the grant 

date. The face value for the restricted stock units (RSUs) is calculated using the share price at the grant date. 
2  RSUs will vest on the third anniversary of the grant date, subject to the satisfaction of the performance criteria. 

If the total shareholder return (“TSR”) performance condition has not been met during the vesting 
period, the participant's Restricted Stock Units will lapse in full on the vesting date.  

The  value  of  the  RSUs  granted  to  the  CEO  is  equal  to  70%  of  the  previous  year  total  annual 
compensation  (fixed  +  target  annual  bonus)  at  the  grant  date.  Further  information  including  a 
description of each type of interest awarded and the basis on which the award is made is provided 
in the Remuneration Policy section below. 

229 

 
 
 
The  following  information  provided  in  this  part  of  the  report  is  not  subject  to  audit  (unless 
otherwise indicated). 

Total Shareholder Return and Chief Executive Officer Pay  

The chart below shows the Company’s total shareholder return since June 2014, the date of our 
Initial Public Offering (“IPO”), until the end of 2022 compared with the TSR of the companies in the 
Russell  2000  Index.  The  chart  represents  the  progression  of  the  return,  including  investment, 
starting from the time of the IPO at a 100%-point. In addition, dividends are assumed to have been 
re-invested at the closing price of each dividend payment date.  

We believe the Russell 2000 Index is an adequate benchmark as it represents  a broad range of 
companies of similar size.  

TSR is calculated in U.S. dollars. 

100%
100%

96%

74%

116%

76%

149%

121%

133%

119%

87%

85%

204%

183%

178%

178%

162%

134%

250%

225%

200%

175%

150%

125%

100%

75%

50%

25%

0%

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Atlantica

Russell

The  table  below  shows  the  total  remuneration  of  the  Chief Executive  Officer,  his  bonus  and  his 
long-term incentive awards expressed as a percentage of the maximum he is likely to be awarded.  

Bonus 

Long-Term Incentive Awards3 

Total Pay1 

(000’s USD) 

Percentage of Target 

4,651.0 

3,752.7 

2,524.1 

1,685.4 

2,511.1 

1,602.0 

1,499.4 

1,597.64 

174.1 

102.4% 

105.0% 

102.7% 

100.7% 

101.8% 

96.3% 

100.0% 

- 

- 

Amount of 
Bonus2 

(000’s USD) 

931.3 

1,056.3 

996.4 

957.7 

992.2 

924.2 

940.5 

- 

- 

Percentage of 

Value 

Maximum 

(000’s USD) 

100.0% 

100.0% 

100.0% 

- 

22.0% 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2,992.4 

1,879.8 

770.9 

- 

751.1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Year 

2022 

2021 

2020 

2019 

2018 

2017 

2016 

2015 

2014 

1  The CEO’s compensation is approved in Euros. It has been converted to U.S. dollars for reporting purposes at the average exchange 
rate each year. The total pay received by the CEO in thousands of Euros was €4,401.7 in 2022, €3,148.6 in 2021, €2,222.2 in 2020, 
€1,505.5 in 2019, €2,170.3 in 2018, €1,418.1 in 2017, €1,329.1 in 2016, €1,440.9 in 2015, and €130.9 in 2014. 

230 

 
 
 
 
2  Amount of bonus earned by the CEO at year-end and paid the next year. For example: In 2021, the CEO earned a bonus of $1,056.3 

thousand, which was paid to the Chief Executive Officer in 2022. 

3  Long-Term Incentive Awards includes awards granted under both the LTIP and One-Off Plan which vested in the year. 
4  Includes a €1,189.5 thousand (approximately $1,319.6 thousand) termination payment received by Mr. Garoz after his leaving the 

Company on November 25, 2015. 

The Chief Executive Officer did not receive any variable remuneration for services provided to the 
Company  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2015  and  2014.  Mr.  Seage  occupied  that  office 
between January and May 2015, and again from late November 2015. Mr. Garoz held that position 
between May and November 2015, when Santiago Seage left the Company. 

Directors’, Chief Executive Officer’s and Employee’s Pay 

The table below sets out the percentage change between 2021 and 2022 in salary and, bonus for 
executive  and  non-executive  directors  who  received  remuneration  and  the  average  per  capita 
change for employees of the Company’s group as a whole, excluding the Chief Executive Officer. 

2022 (% Change from 2021 

2021 (% Change from 2020 

2020 (% Change from 2019 

to 2022) 

to 2021) 

to 2020) 

Name 

Salary and 

Fees (Cash 

Bonus 

and DRSU) 

Salary and 

Fees (Cash 
and DRSU)1 

Bonus 

Salary 

Bonus 

Non-executive directors 

William Aziz2 

Debora Del Favero2 

Brenda Eprile2 

Michael Forsayeth2 

Edward C. Hall3 

George Trisic4 

Michael Woollcombe2 

Andrea Brentan5 

Robert Dove5 

Francisco J. Martinez5 

Jackson Robinson5 

Daniel Villalba5 

Executive director 

Santiago Seage (CEO) 

Employees (excluding CEO)6 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

0%7 

4% 

-3%7 

9% 

4%7 

4% 

2%7 

8% 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3% 

3% 

3% 

3% 

3% 

2% 

5% 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2% 

8% 

Notes: 
None of the non-executive directors received any bonus, and/or taxable benefits in 2022, 2021 or 2020. 

1  Following  the  Annual  General  Meeting  held  in  May  2021, the Company  determined,  and  Ms.  Del  Favero,  Mr. Forsayeth,  and  Mr. 
Woollcombe agreed that 30%, 50% and 100% respectively of the annual fee payable to the director by the Company from May 31, 
2021 shall be irrevocably substituted for the grant of DRSUs.  

2  Mr. Aziz, Mrs. Del Favero, Mrs. Eprile, Mr. Forsayeth and Mr. Woollcombe joined the Board of Directors on May 5, 2020 as independent 

non-executive Directors. 

3  Mr. Hall was appointed to the Board on August 2, 2022 as an independent non-executive Director.  
4  Mr. Trisic, non-independent non-executive director, has received compensation since April 6, 2022. The Company determined and 

Mr. Trisic agreed that 100% of his fee shall be irrevocably substituted for the grant of DRSUs. 

5  Mr. Villalba, Mr. Dove, Mr. Martinez and Mr. Robinson were directors until May 5, 2020, and were Chair of the Board of Directors, 
Chair  of  the  Nominating  and Corporate  Governance Committee, Chair  of  the  Audit  Committee,  and  Chair  of  the Compensation 

231 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Committee, respectively, until such date. Their percentage of salary change was calculated on a full-time equivalent basis for 2020, 
hence based on their total remuneration received in 2019 compared to their 2020 entitled compensation. Mr. Brentan was a director 
until May 5, 2020. 

6  The salary and bonus percentage change for employees (excluding the CEO) has been calculated considering the same average 
number of employees and the same average exchange rate in both 2022 and 2021. This is the most appropriate methodology to 
reflect how much the salary and potential bonus changed on a year-to-year basis as it excludes the effect of employee hires and 
turnover.  

7  The Compensation Committee approved (i) fixed remuneration of €690 thousand ($727 thousand converted to U.S. dollars at the 
December  31,  2022  average  exchange  rate,  which  is  1.05  $/€)  for  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  for  2022  (in  2021,  the  CEO’s  fixed 
remuneration was also €690 thousand), and (ii) variable remuneration of €870.0 thousand ($931.3 thousand) for 2022 compared to 
€893 thousand ($1,056 thousand) for 2021, representing a 3% decrease in Euros on a year-to-year basis.  
The Compensation Committee approved (i) fixed remuneration of €690 thousand ($817 thousand) for the Chief Executive Officer for 
2021 compared to €663 thousand ($757 thousand) for 2020, representing a 4% increase in Euros on a year-to-year basis, and (ii) 
variable  remuneration  of  €893  thousand  ($1,056  thousand)  for  2021  compared  to  €873  thousand  ($996  thousand)  for  2020, 
representing a 2% increase in Euros on a year-to-year basis. 

Pay Ratio Information 

The average number of employees in the U.K. is below 250 employees. Following the U.K. pay ratio 
disclosure requirements, Atlantica is exempt from disclosing U.K. pay ratio-related information.  

Relative Importance of Spend on Pay  

The following table sets out the change in overall employee costs, directors’ compensation and 
dividends. 

$ in Millions 
Spend on Pay for All Employees 
Total Remuneration of Directors 
Total Remuneration of employees and 
directors 
Dividends Paid 

2022 

2021 

Difference  

80.2 
5.6 

85.9 

203.1 

78.8 
4.6 

83.4 

190.4 

1.4 
1.0 

2.5 

12.7 

The Company has not made any share repurchases during 2022 or 2021. 

The  average  number  of  employees  in  2022  in  Atlantica  was  874  employees,  compared  to  655 
employees  in  2021.  The  $1.4  million  increase  in  spend  on  pay  and  the  increase  in  the  average 
number  of  employees  is  mostly  due  to  the  internalisation  of  the  operation  and  maintenance 
activities at Kaxu and at part of our solar assets in Spain. We refer to section “People and Culture” 
under “Social Sustainability.” 

The increase in total remuneration of directors is mainly due to the vesting of the CEO’s stock units 
awarded under the LTIP 2019, the appointment of Mr. Hall to the Board in August 2022 and the 
fee received by Mr. Trisic since April 2022. 

3. Directors’ Shareholdings (Audited) 

The following table includes information with respect to beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares 
as of December 31, 2022 by each of our current directors and executive officers, as well as their 
connected persons, in relation to any compensation paid and/or benefits granted by the Company.  

Directors who do not receive remuneration from the Company are not required to comply with 
minimum share ownership requirements.  

232 

 
 
 
 
Name1 

Number 

of Shares 

Number of 

Deferred 

Number of 
Share Units3 

Restricted 

subject to 

Share 
Units2 

performance 

measures 

Investment 

Value 
($000’s)4 

William Aziz 

2,500 

- 

Debora Del 

Favero 

- 

2,608 

Brenda Eprile 

13,000 

- 

Michael 

Forsayeth 

2,500 

4,075 

Edward Hall 

1,500 

Santiago 

Seage 

77,000 

- 

- 

George Trisic 

1,000 

3,962 

Michael 

Woollcombe 

5,000 

12,225 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

65 

68 

337 

170 

39 

94,559 

4,443 

- 

- 

129 

446 

Minimum 

Share 

Ownership 

Requirement 

3 times annual 

compensation 

3 times annual 

compensation 

3 times annual 

compensation 

3 times annual 

compensation 

3 times annual 

compensation 

6 times fixed 

compensation 

3 times annual 

compensation 

3 times annual 

compensation 

Compliance 
With Policy5 

Number of 

Share Options 

Vested 
Unexercised6 

Number 

of Share 

Options 

Not 
Vested7 

On track

On track

On track

On track

On track 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 



24,948

84,389

On track

On track

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 Mr. Banskota, non-independent, non-executive director, does not receive remuneration from the Company. Thus, he is not required 

to comply with minimum share ownership requirements. 

2 The number of DRSUs includes accumulated cash dividend equivalent rights, corresponding to the amount of dividends paid for one 
share in the period between the DRSU effective date and December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, multiplied by the number of DRSU 
on that date and divided by the share price of $25.90 as of December 31, 2022. The director shall not have any rights of a shareholder 
unless and until the DRSUs vest and are settled by the issuance of shares and dividend equivalent rights will not be payable until the 
DRSUs vest.  

3 Non-vested Share Units as of December 31, 2022. LTIP share units subject to 5% minimum Total Shareholder Return. 
4 Assuming a share price of $25.90 as of December 31, 2022. 
5 Mr. Aziz, Ms. Del Favero, Ms. Eprile, Mr. Forsayeth, Mr. Seage and Mr.  Woollcombe have a 5-year window starting in May 2021 to 

comply with this policy. Mr. Hall and Mr. Trisic have a 5-year window starting in August and April 2022, respectively. 

6 2021 share options (24,948) were underwater as of December 31, 2022. 
7 Share options awarded in 2020 and 2021 under the LTIP (84,389). These share options have not vested as of December 31, 2022. 

Between  the  year  end  and  the  date  of  issuance  of  this  report  there  have  been  no  changes  to 
directors’ share ownership except in the case of the CEO, due to the vesting of the 2020 awards 
and grant of 2023 awards under the LTIP. 

Under the LTIP and one-off plans, the CEO holds as of December 31, 2022, 94,559 restricted share 
units, convertible into shares in the future, and 24,948 unexercised vested share options and 84,389 
unvested share options which were underwater at 2022 year-end. As of December 31, 2021, the 
CEO held 120,880 restricted share units, convertible into shares in the future and 184,524 unvested 
share options.  

Minimum Share Ownership Requirements 

The  Board  of  Directors  has  minimum  share  ownership  guidelines  for  directors  receiving 
remuneration from the Company and for the executives participating in the LTIP to further align 
executive  and  shareholder  interests.  Directors  and  executives  subject  to  these  guidelines  shall 
achieve, within a period of five years, a minimum share ownership in the Company. The value of 
shares  owned  includes  shares  that  are  issuable  pursuant  to  the  LTIP  and  the  DRSU  Plans  (both 
vested and non-vested). Directors receiving remuneration and executives participating in the LTIP 
shall achieve a minimum share ownership in the Company equal in value to: 

233 

 
 
-  Non-executive  directors  receiving  remuneration  from  the  Company:  3  times  their  annual 

compensation, 

-  CEO: 6 times his fixed compensation, 
-  CFO: 3 times his fixed compensation, 
-  Other executives: 2 times their fixed compensation. 

The directors receiving remuneration from the Company and executives have a 2-year window to 
amend non-compliances with minimum share ownership requirements derived from a stock price 
decrease. 

The  directors  not  receiving  remuneration  from  the  Company  are  not  required  to  comply  with 
minimum share ownership requirements. 

Termination Payments (Audited) 

No termination payments were made to the Chief Executive Officer or any other director in 2022 
nor 2021. The policy for termination payments is detailed under the section “Policy on payments 
for loss of office” of this report. 

4. Statement of Implementation of Policy in 2022 

The  targets  for  bonuses  are  detailed  under  the  section  “Remuneration  Policy”  of  this  Directors’ 
Remuneration Report. The current policy was approved at our 2021 Annual General Meeting, held 
in May 2021. 

For 2023, the bonus measures for the remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer, will focus on five 
areas:  financial  targets,  capital  allocation,  ESG  including  health  and  safety,  management  of 
relationships with key shareholders and partners and continued executive talent development. 

This approach is intended to provide a balanced assessment on how the business has performed 
over the course of the year against stated objectives. Targets are aligned with the annual plan and 
strategic and operational priorities for the year.  

For 2023 the bonus objectives are: 

CAFD – Equal or higher than the CAFD budgeted in the 2023 budget 
Adjusted EBITDA – Equal or higher than the Adjusted EBITDA budgeted in the 2023 budget 
Capital allocation management on a value accretive basis 
Achievement of ESG metrics including health and safety targets – (Frequency with Leave / Lost 
Time Index below 3.7 and General Frequency Index below 9.5)  
Management of relationships with key shareholders and partners 
Continued executive talent development 

Percentage 
Weight 
35% 
15% 
20% 

10% 

10% 
10% 

5. Compensation Committee  

The Compensation Committee is responsible for determining the remuneration policies of directors 
and the remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer and other senior members of management.  

In  2022,  the  Compensation  Committee  focused  its  activities  on  the  following  key  remuneration 
topics:  

234 

 
 
 
-  Reviewing  the  Chief  Executive  Officer’s  annual  compensation  package  and  performance 

objectives,  

-  Reviewing Long Term Incentive Plans, 
-  Reviewing non-executive director’s remuneration, and 
-  Analysing peers and comparable remuneration structures. 

Membership and Attendance 

As of December 31, 2022, all members of the Compensation Committee are independent, non-
executive directors. 

A  total  of  three  Compensation  Committee  meetings  were  convened  in  2022,  with  an  average 
attendance of 100%.  

Membership 

Director 

From 

William Aziz 

May 2020 

Debora Del Favero 

May 2020 

To 

n/a 

n/a 

Role 

Attendance / 
Eligible to Attend 

Director, Independent and Chair of 
the Compensation Committee 

Director, Independent 

3/3 

3/3 

No director or senior manager shall be involved in any decision as to their own remuneration. The 
Chief  Executive  Officer  and  members  of  senior  management,  such  as  the  Head  of  People  and 
Culture, may attend the meetings by invitation.  

The Chair of the Compensation Committee provides regular updates to the Board of Directors on 
the key issues discussed at the Compensation Committee’s meetings. 

2022 Key Activities 

In  2022,  the  Compensation  Committee  proposed  to  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  the  Board 
approved,  the  Chief  Executive  Officer’s  2021  bonus  achievement  and  his  2022  target  variable 
compensation.  In  addition,  the  Compensation  Committee  continued  its  work  on  reviewing  our 
remuneration structure to ensure that the Company has in place an effective remuneration policy 
which: 

-  Allows the Company to attract and retain top quality talent; and 
-  Rewards and compensates sustainable performance to the benefit of shareholders and other 

stakeholders. 

Remuneration Analysis  

The  Compensation  Committee  keeps  the  remuneration  policy  implemented  by  the  Board  of 
Directors and approved in the 2021 Annual General Meeting under review. At least once a year, the 
Compensation Committee reviews compensation practices for non-executive directors in similar 
companies. 

The  Compensation  Committee  has  been  particularly  focused  on  reviewing  remuneration  for 
directors  and  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  based  on  the  information  collected  from  external 
consultants that provided independent advice on remuneration best practices and market practice 
on directors´ minimum ownership requirements. 

235 

 
 
The Compensation Committee is responsible for proposing the remuneration of the Chief Executive 
Officer and the overall remuneration of the senior management to the Board of Directors, including 
any kind of compensation. 

The Compensation Committee has the following duties regarding performance-related bonuses or 
variable remuneration: 

-  Definition  of  specific  targets  for  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  overall  structure  for  senior 

management. 

-  Evaluation of the accomplishment of those objectives in the case of the Chief Executive Officer.  

Long-Term Incentive Awards  

In  April  2018,  the  Board  of  Directors  approved  the  implementation  of  a  remuneration  policy 
including LTIP awards. Since May 2021, LTIP awards have been granted as Restricted Stock Units 
only. Approximately 13 executives and the Chief Executive Officer are eligible to participate in the 
LTIP.  

For  awards  granted  until  the  end  of  2021,  100%  of  the  award  was  subject  to  (1)  continuing 
employment (or other service relationship) and to (2) the achievement of a minimum 5% average 
annual TSR over a three-year period. In 2022, for executives who are not directors only, 67% of the 
awards was subject to the satisfaction of these two conditions and 33% of the award was subject 
to  continuing  employment  only.  In  order  to  align  the  2020  and  2021  award  conditions  to  the 
current  policy,  the  Board  of  Directors  decided  to  offer  executives  who  are  not  directors  the 
possibility of amending the 2020 and 2021 plans so that 33% of the award is not subject to the 
minimum 5% average annual TSR condition, and is subject to continuing employment only, and 
delay the vesting period by approximately six months.  

In addition, the Company is changing its remuneration policy to extend to executive directors the 
vesting conditions of the LTIP currently applicable to the rest of executives, so that 33% of future 
awards will be granted subject to continuing employment and 67% of future awards will be granted 
subject  to  continuing  employment  and  achievement  of  a  minimum  5%  average  annual  TSR. 
Shareholders will be asked to approve amendments to the remuneration policy at our 2023 Annual 
General Meeting to be held in April 2023.  

Voting at the 2022 Annual General Meeting 

The Company takes an active interest in voting outcomes. In the event of a substantial vote against 
a  resolution  in  relation  to  director´s  remuneration,  the  Company  would  seek  to  understand  the 
reasons for any such vote and would set out in the following Annual Report any actions in response 
to it.  

At the 2022 Annual General Meeting, the Directors’ Remuneration Report votes were as follows:  

For 

Against 

Withheld* 

Number of votes 

84,496,041 

1,035,384 

106,601 

% 

98.8% 

1.2% 

- 

* A vote “withheld” is not a vote in law and is not counted in the calculation of the proportion of votes for and against the resolution 

236 

 
 
 
Please refer to the Shareholder Engagement section for additional resolutions voted at the Annual 
General Meeting. 

Remuneration Policy 

The current policy was approved at our 2021 Annual General Meeting. Shareholders will be asked 
to approve amendments to the remuneration policy at our 2023 Annual General Meeting to be 
held in April 2023.  

The changes to the policy consist of (1) extending to executive directors the vesting conditions of 
the LTIP currently applicable to the rest of executives, so that 33% of future awards granted under 
the  LTIP  will  be  subject  to  continuing  employment  and  67%  of  the  award  will  be  subject  to 
continuing employment and achievement of a minimum 5% average annual TSR, (2) amending the 
performance measures applicable to the annual bonus, (3) approving a strategic review bonus and 
(4) updates to the change of control and delisting events for future awards granted under the LTIP 
and all past awards granted under the LTIP to executives participating in the strategic review bonus, 
to reflect the assessment of performance conditions under such events. 

Non-Executive Directors: 

The Company’s policy is to compensate non-executive directors via cash or Deferred Restricted 
Share Units (“DRSUs”) for the time dedicated to promoting greater alignment of interests between 
directors  and  shareholders  subject  to  a  maximum  total  annual  compensation  for  non-executive 
directors in aggregate of two million dollars. Once a year, the Compensation Committee reviews 
compensation  practices  for  non-executive  directors  in  similar  companies  and  the  skills  and 
experience required and may propose an adjustment in the current compensation. 

The DRSU plan provides a means for directors to accumulate a financial interest in the Company 
and to enhance Atlantica’s ability to attract and retain qualified individuals with the experience and 
ability  to  serve  as  directors.  Pursuant  to  the  DRSU  Plan,  the  Company  shall  determine,  and  the 
directors shall agree, the percentage of their fees, starting on May 31, 2021, that shall be irrevocably 
substituted for the grant of Deferred Restricted Stock Units. 

The number of DRSUs credited to a participant’s account is determined by dividing the amount of 
the annual compensation to be received in DRSUs by the market value of an ordinary share at the 
time of the grant. Upon a participant ceasing to be a member of the Board, for any reason whether 
voluntary or involuntary, the DRSUs will vest. The Company shall transfer to the director a number 
of  shares  equal  to  the  number  of  vested  DRSUs  and  a  number  of  shares  equal  in  value  to  any 
dividends which would have been paid or payable, on such number of ordinary shares equal to the 
vested  DRSUs,  from  the  grant  date  until  the  vesting  date.  The  director  shall  not  have  any 
shareholders’ rights other than the dividend equivalent rights until the DRSUs vest and are settled 
by the issuance of shares.  

None of the non-executive directors receive bonuses, long-term incentive awards, pension or other 
benefits in respect of their services to the Company. 

237 

 
 
 
 
Executive Directors: 

The  policy  for  executive  directors,  only  applicable  to  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  as  the  only 
executive director, is as follows:  

Name of 
component 

Description of 
component 

How does this 
component support the 
company’s (or Group’s) 
short and long-term 
objectives? 

What is the 
maximum that 
may be paid in 
respect of the 
component? 

Maximum amount 
€800 thousand 
(approximately $850 
thousand), may be 
increased by 5% per 
year. 

Salary levels for peers 
are considered. 

Helps to recruit and retain 
executive directors and forms 
the basis of a competitive 
remuneration package. 

Helps to offer a competitive 
remuneration package and 
align it with the Company’s 
objectives. 

200% of base salary. 

25%-50% of CAFD. 

Framework used to 
assess performance 

Not applicable. 

No retention or clawback. 

10-15% of Adjusted EBITDA. 

40%-50% of other 
operational or qualitative 
objectives. 

No retention. 

Clawback policy. 

Closing of a strategic 
transaction as such term is 
defined by the Board of 
Directors.  

Salary/fees  

Benefits 

Annual Bonus 

Strategic 
Review Bonus 

Fixed remuneration 
payable monthly. 

Opportunity to join 
existing plans for 
employees but 
without any increase 
in remuneration. 

Annual bonus is 
paid following the 
end of the financial 
year for 
performance over 
the year. There are 
no retention or 
forfeiture provisions. 

One-time bonus 
related to the 
strategic review 
process and payable 
upon closing of a 
potential strategic 
transaction. 

Helps retain executive 
directors who are relevant for 
the success of the strategic 
review process. 

110% of 2023 target 
annual remuneration 
(including fixed salary 
+ target annual 
bonus). 

238 

 
 
 
Name of 
component 

Description of 
component 

Long Term 
Incentive 
Awards 

Restricted Stock 
Units subject to 
certain vesting 
periods and in part 
to minimum TSR. 

How does this 
component support the 
company’s (or Group’s) 
short and long-term 
objectives? 

Align executive directors and 
shareholders interests. 

What is the 
maximum that 
may be paid in 
respect of the 
component? 

Framework used to 
assess performance 

70% of target annual 
remuneration 
(including fixed salary 
+ target annual 
bonus. 

Restricted Stock Units 
granted after the approval 
of the proposed 
amendments to the Policy in 
2023 subject to 

-  Continuing  employment  for 

33% of the award and 

-  Continuing 

If 

the 

employment 
and  achievement  of  a 
minimum 
average 
5% 
annual  TSR  for  67%  of  the 
award. 
TSR 
performance  condition  has 
not  been  met  during  the 
vesting 
the 
Restricted 
participant's 
to 
Stock  Units 
minimum 
TSR 
condition  will  lapse  on  the 
vesting date. 

subject 

period, 

annual 

Restricted Stock Units 
granted prior to the 
approval of the proposed 
amendments to the Policy in 
2023 subject to 

-  Continuing 

If 

the 

employment 
and  achievement  of  a 
minimum 
average 
5% 
annual TSR for  100%  of the 
award. 
TSR 
performance  condition  has 
not  been  met  during  the 
vesting 
the 
participant's 
Restricted 
Stock  Units  will  lapse  in  full 
on the vesting date. 

period, 

CAFD, Adjusted EBITDA and TSR have been selected as key parameters to measure the Company’s 
performance  due  to  their  importance  for  our  shareholders.  These  measures  are  considered 
standard indicators of financial performance in our sector. 

Share units. 

Clawback policy. 

239 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Clawback Policy 

The  Company  has  an  incentive  compensation  recoupment,  or  clawback  policy  since  2021.  The 
policy is aimed at allowing the Company to recover performance-based compensation for three 
years after short-term variable compensation and/or long-term compensation awards are granted. 
The  clawback  policy  is  applicable  to  all  executives  who  participate  in  long  term  incentive 
arrangements. 

The clawback policy is applicable in the event of the occurrence of either of the following triggering 
events:  material  financial  restatement,  including  a  restatement  resulting  from  employee 
misconduct, or in the case of fraud, embezzlement or other serious misconduct that is materially 
detrimental  to  the  Company.  The  Compensation  Committee  shall  retain  discretion  regarding 
application  of  the  policy.  The  policy  is  incremental  to  other  remedies  that  are  available  to  the 
Company. 

If a triggering event occurs, unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee and/or 
if the Company is required to prepare a material restatement of its financial statements as a result 
of  misconduct,  and  the  Compensation  Committee  determines  that  the  executive  knowingly 
engaged in the misconduct or acted knowingly or with gross negligence in failing to prevent the 
misconduct,  or  the  Compensation  Committee  concludes  that  the  participant  engaged  in  fraud, 
embezzlement  or  other  similar  activity  (including  acts  of  omission)  that  the  Compensation 
Committee concludes was materially detrimental to the Company, the Company may require the 
participant  (or  the  participant’s  beneficiary)  to  reimburse  the  Company  for,  or  forfeit,  all  or  any 
portion of any short or long term variable compensation awards. 

Compensation Committee Discretions 

The Compensation Committee has discretion, consistent with market practice, in respect of, but 
not limited to, participants, timing of payments, size of the award subject to policy, performance 
measures and when dealing with special situations, such as change of control or restructuring. 

The  annual  bonus  is  a  variable  cash  bonus,  based  on  the  objectives  described  above.  Those 
objectives include Cash Available for Distribution (CAFD) and Adjusted EBITDA, as these are key 
financial metrics for our industry sector. Additionally, the annual bonus includes 3-4 objectives that 
reflect some of the key projects, initiatives or key objectives.  

Annual  bonus  performance  targets  include  annual  CAFD  and  Adjusted  EBITDA  performance 
thresholds for payment and also thresholds for the operational/qualitative targets defined by the 
Compensation  Committee.  These  could  vary  on  a  year-to-year  basis,  hence  assessment 
performance thresholds are analysed and updated by the Compensation Committee on an annual 
basis. 

For  the  management  team  and  key  personnel,  our  policy  is  to  use  two  external  consultants  to 
estimate market conditions for similar positions in terms of fixed and variable remuneration and, 
based on a performance appraisal, set a target remuneration, as a general rule, within that market 
practice. Variable payments are based on a number of specific measurable targets in relation to the 
measures described herein, which are defined by the Compensation Committee at the beginning 
of the year. For the rest of its employees, the Company establishes predefined remuneration ranges 
for  different  positions  and  reviews  each  individual  remuneration  depending  on  performance 
appraisal and within two ranges without employee consultation. 

240 

 
 
In  addition,  the  Compensation  Committee  shall  retain  discretion  regarding  application  of  the 
clawback policy described in the remuneration policy section. 

Long-Term Incentive Awards 

The  purpose  of  the  LTIP  is  to  attract  and  retain  the  best  talent  for  positions  of  substantial 
responsibility  in  the  Company,  to  encourage  ownership  in  the  Company  by  the  executive  team 
whose long-term service the Company considers essential to its continued progress and, thereby, 
encourage  recipients  to  act  in  the  shareholders’  interest  and  to  promote  the  success  of  the 
Company. 

The  long-term  incentive  plan  permits  the  granting  of  Restricted  Stock  Units  (“Awards”)  to  the 
executive team of the Company (the “Executives”). The LTIP applies to approximately 13 Executives 
and the Chief Executive Officer.  

In  addition,  the  management  has  discretion  to  grant  additional  LTIPs  to  a  certain  group  of 
employees and decide the value up to the 50% of the participant´s total annual compensation for 
the year closed before the date upon which an Award is granted. 

The  aggregate  number  of  shares  which  may  be  reserved  for  issuance  under  the  LTIP  must  not 
exceed 2% of the number of the shares outstanding at the time of the Awards are granted but is 
expected to be significantly less. In addition, total equity-based awards will be limited to 10% of 
the Company's issued share capital over a 10-year rolling period, in order to assure shareholders 
that dilution will remain within a reasonable range. In any case, the Compensation Committee may 
decide that, instead of issuing or transferring shares, the Executives may be paid in cash.  

The value of the Awards will be defined as 50% of the Executives’ total annual compensation for 
the  year  closed  before  the  date  upon  which  an  Award  is  granted  and,  in  the  case  of  the  Chief 
Executive Officer, would be 70% of the same previous year total annual compensation at the grant 
date. The award will be granted in Restricted Stock Units.  

Main terms of the LTIP after the approval of the proposed amendments to the Policy in 2023: 

Nature 

Exercisability and Vesting 
Period 

Ownership and Dividends 

Main terms of the LTIP for awards granted to all Executives 
after the approval of the proposed amendments to the Policy in 
2023 – Restricted Stock Units  

Conditions shall be based on: 
-  Continuing employment (or other service relationship) for 33% of 

the award and 

-  Continuing  employment  and  achievement  of  a  minimum  5% 

average annual TSR for 67% of the award. 

33% of the shares will vest on the third anniversary of the grant date 
and 67% of the shares will vest on the third anniversary of the grant 
date but only if the annual TSR has been at least a 5% yearly average 
over such 3-year period. If the TSR has not met such threshold during 
the  period,  the  participant's  relevant  Restricted  Stock  Units  for  the 
67% portion will lapse on the vesting date. 
The  Company  will  decide  at  vesting  if  cash  or  shares  are  given  as 
payment. 
The participant will be entitled to receive, for each Restricted Stock 
Unit  held,  a  payment  equivalent  to  the  amount  of  any  dividend  or 
distribution paid on one share between the grant date and the date 
on which the Restricted Stock Unit vests. 

241 

 
 
 
 
Main Terms of the LTIP before the approval of the proposed amendments to the policy in 2023: 

Nature 

Exercisability 
and Vesting 
Period 

Ownership and 
Dividends 

Main Terms of the LTIP before the approval of the proposed amendments to the policy in 
2023 – Restricted Stock Units 

Executives who are not Directors 

Executives who are Directors 

Conditions shall be based on: 
-  Continuing  employment  (or  other  service 

relationship) for 33% of the award and 

-  Continuing employment and achievement of 
a minimum 5% average annual TSR for 67% 
of the award. 

33%  of  the  shares  will  vest  on  the  third 
anniversary  of  the  grant  date  and  67%  of  the 
shares  will  vest  on  the  third  anniversary  of  the 
grant date but only if the annual TSR has been at 
least  a  5%  yearly  average  over  such  3-year 
period.  If  the  TSR  has  not  met  such  threshold 
during  the  period,  the  participant's  relevant 
Restricted  Stock  Units  for  the  67%  portion  will 
lapse on the vesting date. 
The  Company  will  decide  at  vesting  if  cash  or 
shares are given as payment. 
The  participant  will  be  entitled  to  receive,  for 
each  Restricted  Stock  Unit  held,  a  payment 
equivalent  to  the  amount  of  any  dividend  or 
distribution paid on one share between the grant 
date and the date on which the Restricted Stock 
Unit vests. 

Conditions  shall  be  based  on  continuing 
employment  (or  other  service  relationship) 
and achievement of a minimum 5% average 
annual TSR. 

The shares will vest on the third anniversary 
of the grant date but only if the annual TSR 
has  been  at  least  a  5%  yearly  average  over 
such  3-year  period.  If  the  TSR  has  not  met 
such  threshold  during  the  period,  the 
participant's  relevant  Restricted  Stock  Units 
will lapse on the vesting date. 
The Company will decide at vesting if cash or 
shares are given as payment. 

The participant will be entitled to receive, for 
each  Restricted  Stock  Unit  held,  a  payment 
equivalent to the amount of any dividend or 
distribution  paid  on  one  share  between  the 
grant  date  and  the  date  on  which  the 
Restricted Stock Unit vests. 

Effect on Termination of Employment 

If  a participant’s  employment  terminates  by  reason  of  involuntary  termination  (death,  disability, 
redundancy, constructive dismissal or retirement dismissal rendered unfair), any portion of his/her 
Award shall thereafter continue to vest and become exercisable according to the terms of the LTIP 
but such participant shall no longer be entitled to be granted Awards under the LTIP. 

If  a  participant  incurs  a  termination  of  employment  for  cause  or  voluntary  resignation  or 
withdrawal, share options that have vested at the termination date will be exercisable within the 
period of 30 days from such termination date (after which they will lapse) but any unvested Awards 
(options or Restricted Stock Units) shall lapse. 

Change of Control 

If  there  is  a  change  of  control,  all  Awards  granted  under  the  LTIP  after  the  approval  of  the 
amendments  to  the  Policy  in  2023  and  all  past  awards  granted  under  the  LTIP  to  executives 
participating  in  the  strategic  review  bonus  shall  vest  based  on  the  satisfaction  of  performance 
conditions as at the time of the change in control. All Awards granted to other employees prior to 
this shall vest in full on the date of the change in control. The participants must exercise their share 
options  within  a  period  of  30  days  following  receipt  of  a  change  of  control  notice  from  the 
Company without which, the options will lapse. 

242 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Delisting 

If the Company is delisted, all outstanding Awards granted under the LTIP after the approval of the 
amendments  to  the  Policy  in  2023  and  all  past  awards  granted  under  the  LTIP  to  executives 
participating  in  the  strategic  review  bonus  shall  vest  based  on  the  satisfaction  of  performance 
conditions  as  at  the  time  of  delisting  and  will  be  settled  in  cash.  All  Awards  granted  to  other 
employees prior to this shall vest in full on the date of delisting and will be settled in cash. The cash 
payment for Restricted Stock Units will be the last quoted share price of the Company and the cash 
payment for any outstanding share options will be the difference between the last quoted share 
price  and  the  exercise  price  for  the  applicable  option.  Such  cash  payments  will  be  made  after 
applicable tax deductions within 30 days of the delisting. 

One-Off Plan 

The one-off plan grants Restricted Stock Units to certain members of the management and certain 
members of middle management52, consisting of approximately 25 managers including the Chief 
Executive  Officer.  The  value  of  the  award  was  defined  as  50%  of  2019  target  remuneration 
(including  salary  and  variable  bonus).  The  share  units  vested  over  3  years,  one  third  each  year 
starting in 2020, provided that the manager is still an employee of the Company. This was approved 
by shareholders at the 2019 Annual General Meeting. In 2022, the last third of stock units vested 
and the one-off plan ended. 

Strategic Review Bonus 

On  February  21,  2023,  Atlantica  announced  the  initiation  of  a  process  to  explore  and  evaluate 
potential strategic alternatives that may be available to Atlantica to maximize shareholder value. In 
connection with this process, the purpose of the strategic review bonus is to retain talent for certain 
positions in the organization which are relevant for the success of this process. The strategic review 
bonus applies to ten executives and the CEO. The value of the bonus is defined as 75% of the target 
annual remuneration for 2023 (including fixed salary + target annual bonus for 2023) (110% in the 
case of the CEO) and will become payable upon closing of a potential strategic transaction, as such 
term is  defined  by  the Board  of Directors. In  the  case  of  the CEO,  the  strategic  review bonus  is 
subject to the approval of Shareholders at the Annual General Meeting to be held in April 2023. 

Pension 

The executive director does not receive any pension contributions. 

None of the non-executive directors receive bonuses, long-term incentive awards, pension or other 
benefits in respect of their services to the Company. 

There are no provisions for the recovery of sums paid or the withholding of any sum, except for 
those potentially derived from the application of the clawback provision.  

52 Middle Management consists of employees who: (i) manage a specific area, (ii) supervise a group of employees, or (iii) are considered 
key personnel within the organization. 

243 

 
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer Remuneration Policy 

The Compensation Committee approved a fixed remuneration of €738 thousand ($790 thousand 
converted to U.S. dollars at the December 31, 2022 exchange rate, which is 1.07 $/€) for the Chief 
Executive Officer for 2023, a 7% increase versus 2022. 

Total  remuneration  of  the  only  executive  director  for  a  minimum,  target  and  maximum 
performance in 2023 is presented in the chart below. 

In thousands of USD

$790

$790

$2,337

$1,092

$455

$790

$2,974

$1,092

$1,092

$790

Minimum

Target

Maximum

Salary and Benefits

Annual Bonus

LTIP Awards

Assumptions made for each scenario are as follows: 

Minimum: 

Target: 

Maximum: 

Fixed remuneration only, assuming performance targets are not met for the annual 
bonus nor for the RSU and assuming no value for the options vesting in the year. 
Fixed remuneration, plus half of target annual bonus and the LTIP vesting in 2023 
at face value, using share price at grant date for units and option value at grant 
date for options, not including dividends, and assuming that the minimum annual 
TSR of at least a 5% yearly average over the 3-year period is met for the units. 
Fixed remuneration, plus maximum annual bonus and LTIP vesting in 2023 at face 
value, using share price at grant date for units and option value at grant date for 
options not including dividends, and assuming that the minimum annual TSR of at 
least a 5% yearly average over the 3-year period is met for the units. 

In  addition,  if we  assume  a  50% appreciation  of  the  share  price with  respect  to  the  grant  date, 
maximum  remuneration  for  2023  including  vesting  long-term  awards  would  be  approximately 
$4,138 thousand. If we assume a 50% appreciation of the share price with respect to the December 
31, 2022 share price, maximum remuneration for 2023 including vesting long-term awards would 
be approximately $3,959 thousand. 

For 2023, the bonus measures for the remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer, will focus on five 
areas:  financial  targets,  capital  allocation,  ESG  including  health  and  safety,  management  of 
relationships with key shareholders and partners and continued executive talent development. 

244 

 
 
 
This approach is intended to provide a balanced assessment of how the business has performed 
over the course of the year against stated objectives. Targets are aligned with the annual plan and 
strategic and operational priorities for the year.  

The CEO’s 2023 bonus objectives are disclosed under the section Annual Report on Remuneration. 

Approach to Recruitment 

The  remuneration  policy  reflects  the  composition  of  the  remuneration  package  for  the 
appointment of new executive and non-executive directors. We expect to offer a competitive fixed 
remuneration,  an  annual  bonus  (for  executive  directors)  not  exceeding  200%  of  the  fixed 
remuneration  and  participation  in  the  LTIP.  Whenever  needed,  the  Company  can  contract  an 
external advisor to hire key personnel. 

Policy on Payments for Loss of Office 

The  Company  has  an  agreement  in-place  with  certain  executives  with  strategic  and  key 
responsibilities in the Company (“Key Managers”), including the Chief Executive Officer, to protect 
the Company's know-how and to ensure continuity in terms of attainment of business objectives, 
the policy approved by our shareholders at the 2019 Annual General Meeting, introduced certain 
termination payments to key executives, including the Chief Executive Officer.  

No  payments  would  be  made  to  Key  Managers  for  dismissal  for  breach  of  contract,  breach  of 
fiduciary duties or gross misconduct, determined (in the event of a dispute) by a court of competent 
jurisdiction to reach a final determination. 

The Company agreed with Key Managers, including the CEO, the Company would make payments 
for loss of office or employment in addition to the severance payment under the prevailing labour 
and legal conditions in their contracts or countries where they are employed if they should leave 
(by loss of office or employment) the Company within 2 years of a change in control. The payment 
would  represent  six  months  of remuneration  and  will  be adjusted  to  ensure  that  total  payment 
including  severance  payment  required  under  prevailing  laws  represent  at  least  12  months  of 
remuneration  (including  salary,  benefits,  long  term  incentive  plans  and  variable  pay),  but  never 
more than 24 months of remuneration, unless required by local law.  

A change of control means that a third party or coordinated parties (i) acquire directly or indirectly 
by any means a number of shares in the Company which (together with the shares that such party 
may already hold in the Company) amount to more than 50% of the share capital of the Company; 
or (ii) appoint or have the right to appoint at least half of the members of the Board of Directors 
of the Company. 

Consideration of Employee Conditions Elsewhere 

Our policy is to use external consultants to estimate market conditions for specific roles of a similar 
level in terms of fixed and variable remuneration and, as a general rule, based on a performance 
appraisal, set target remuneration within that market practice. 

The annual variable remuneration payment is calculated with reference to the achievement of a 
number of specific measurable targets defined in the previous year. Each specific target is measured 
on a performance scale of 0%-120%.  

245 

 
 
For  the  rest  of  its  employees,  the  Company  establishes  predefined  remuneration  ranges  for 
different positions and reviews each individual remuneration depending on performance appraisal 
within two ranges without employee consultation.  

The  remuneration  of  all  employees,  including  the  members  of  the  management  team,  may  be 
adjusted periodically in the framework of the annual salary review process which is carried out for 
all employees. 

Overall,  we  expect  that,  following  the  implementation  of  our  policies,  remunerations  of  the 
Company’s employees will increase in line with the market with the exception of individuals that 
have recently been promoted or whose remuneration is above market conditions. 

Statement of Consideration of Shareholder Views 

There  are  no  comments  in  respect  of  directors’  remuneration  expressed  to  the  Company  by 
shareholders. The last Annual General Meeting was held in May 2022. 

246 

 
 
 
 
Summary of Policy for Non-Executive Directors 

Name of 
component 

How does the 
component support the 
company’s objective? 

Operation 

Maximum 

Fees and/or 
Deferred 
Restricted 
Share Units 
(DRSU) 

Attract and retain high-
performing non-executive 
directors. 

Align interests of non-
executive directors with 
interests of shareholders. 

Reviewed annually by the 
Compensation Committee and Board. 

The chair of the Board and the chair 
of each committee (except the 
Related Parties Committee) receive 
additional fees. 

Annual total compensation for 
non-executive directors, in any 
case, the fees or DRSUs will 
not exceed two million dollars. 

DRSUs: the Company and the 
Directors shall agree the percentage 
of their fees that shall be paid in 
DRSUs. The number of DRSUs 
credited is determined using the 
market value of an ordinary share at 
the time of the grant. Upon a 
participant ceasing to be a member of 
the Board the DRSUs will vest. The 
Company shall transfer to the director 
a number of shares equal to the 
number of vested DRSUs and a 
number of shares equal in value to 
any dividends which would have been 
paid or payable, or such number of 
ordinary shares equal to the vested 
DRSUs, from the grant date until the 
vesting date. 

Minimum share ownership: within a 
period of five years, directors 
receiving remuneration from the 
Company should have a minimum 
share ownership in the Company of 3 
times their annual compensation.  

Customary control procedures. 

Real costs of travel with a 
maximum of one million 
dollars for all directors. 

Benefits 

Reasonable travel 
expenses to the 
Company’s registered 
office or venues for 
meetings. 

Non-independent, non-executive directors are entitled to the same compensation as independent 
non-executive directors.  

In  2021,  the  Board  of  Directors  adopted  minimum  share  ownership  guidelines  for  directors 
receiving  remuneration  from  the  Company  (see  the  Directors’  Shareholdings  section).  Within  a 
period  of  five  years,  non-executive  directors  receiving  remuneration  from  the  Company  should 
have a minimum share ownership in the Company of 3 times their annual compensation.  

In  addition,  the  directors  may  elect  to  receive  compensation  via  a  mix  of  cash  and  DRSUs.  The 
DRSUs shall vest upon the date on which the director ceases to be a member of the Board due to 
a  voluntary  or  involuntary  separation  from  service.  The  director  shall  not  have  any  rights  of  a 

247 

 
 
shareholder unless and until the DRSUs vest and are settled by the issuance of shares (see further 
detail in the Current remuneration policy section above). 

Service Contracts 

Mr. Seage has a service contract with Atlantica that includes a 6-month notice period. 

Non-executive  directors  do  not  have  a  service  contract.  All  directors  will  be  submitted  for  re-
election by shareholders annually at the Annual General Meeting. 

Employee Benefit Trusts 

The Company has not established employee trusts for share plans.  

Statement of Voting at General Meetings  

The remuneration report will be submitted to a vote of shareholders at the Annual General Meeting 
in April 2023. 

Approval 

This report was approved by the Board of Directors on February 28, 2023 and signed on its behalf 
by William Aziz, Director and Chair of the Compensation Committee. 

Director and Chair of the Compensation Committee 

William Aziz 

February 28, 2023 

248 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Responsibilities Statement 

The  directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Integrated  Annual  Report  and  the  Consolidated 
Financial Statements in accordance with applicable U.K. law and regulations. 

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under 
that law the directors are required to prepare the group financial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards 
Board  (“IASB”)  and  UK  adopted  International  Accounting  Standards  (collectively  as  “IFRS”).  The 
parent Company financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting 
Standard 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework (FRS 101). Under Company law the directors must 
not approve the accounts unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state 
of affairs of the Company and the Group and of the profit or loss of the Company and the Group 
for that period.  

In preparing these financial statements the directors are required to: 

-  Select  suitable  accounting  policies  in  accordance  with  IAS  8  Accounting  Policies,  Changes  in 

Accounting Estimates and Errors and then apply them consistently; 

-  Make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
-  Present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, 

comparable and understandable information; 

- 

-  Provide additional disclosures when compliance with the specific requirements in IFRSs and in 
respect of the parent Company financial statements, FRS 101 is insufficient to enable users to 
understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the Group and 
Company financial position and financial performance;  
In respect of the Group financial statements, state whether International Accounting Standards 
in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 have been followed, subject to 
any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; 
In respect of the parent company  financial statements, state whether the applicable FRS 101 
have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial 
statements; and 

- 

-  Prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is appropriate to presume 

that the Company and the Group will not continue in business. 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show 
and explain the Company’s and the Group’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at 
any time the financial position of the Company and the Group and enable them to ensure that the 
financial  statements  comply  with  the  Companies  Act  2006.  They  are  also  responsible  for 
safeguarding the assets of the Company and the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for 
the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

249 

 
 
 
 
Responsibility Statement  

Under applicable law and regulations, the directors are also responsible for preparing a strategic 
report, directors’ report and directors’ remuneration report that comply with that law and those 
regulations. The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and 
financial information included on the Company’s website. 

We confirm that to the best of our knowledge: 

The Consolidated Financial Statements, prepared in accordance with the International Accounting 
Standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006, give a true and fair view 
of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the company and the undertakings 
included in the consolidation taken as a whole, 

The Strategic Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business 
and the position of the Company and the undertakings included in the consolidation taken as a 
whole, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that they face, and 

The Integrated Annual Report and Financial Statements, taken as a whole, are fair, balanced and 
understandable and provide the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Company’s 
performance, business model and strategy. 

This responsibility statement was approved by the Board of Directors on February 28, 2023 and is 
signed on its behalf by: 

By order of the Board 

Director and Chief Executive Officer 

Chief Financial Officer 

Santiago Seage 

February 28, 2023 

Francisco Martinez-Davis 

February 28, 2023 

250 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Shareholder Engagement 

Atlantica’s  Board  is  accountable  to  its  shareholders.  Each  year,  at  the  Annual  General  Meeting, 
shareholders have the opportunity to elect each member of our Board of Directors and to vote on 
the Directors’ remuneration report and policy. 

The  proposals  are  published  in  our  Annual  Proxy  Statement  and  voted  on  by  shareholders  in 
conjunction with the Annual General Meeting. 

Proxy Item 
% shares present 

2022 
75.1% 

2021 
74.6% 

2020 
72.7% 

Proxy Item 
- 
Integrated Annual Report 
-  Directors’ remuneration report 
-  Directors’ remuneration policy 
-  Election of non-executive directors (average) 
-  Re-election of Santiago Seage as director 
-  Appointment of independent auditor 
-  Redemption of share premium account 
-  Authorise the Company to purchase its own shares 
-  Audit committee to determine auditors’ remuneration 
-  Change the Company name 
-  Appropriation of Distributable Profits and Deeds of Release 
-  Authorise the Board of Directors to issue shares 
-  Disapplication of pre-emption rights 
-  Disapplication  of  pre-emptive  rights  up  to  an  additional 
amount  of  approximately  a  10%  of  the  aggregate  nominal 
value of the issued share capital of the Company 

-  Authorise  the  Board  of  Directors  to  issue  equity  securities 
without pre-emptive rights up to approximately a 10% of the 
aggregate  nominal  value  of  the  issued  share  capital  of  the 
Company 

Percentage Vote “For”53 
2021 
100.0% 
96.7% 
96.6% 
99.8% 
99.6% 
99.9% 
99.8% 
- 
99.9% 
- 
- 
98.1% 
- 

2022 
100.0% 
98.8% 
- 
99.2% 
99.6% 
99.9% 
- 
- 
99.8% 
- 
- 
98.8% 
- 

2020 
99.9% 
95.6% 
88.3% 
37.0% 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
99.9% 
99.5% 
99.9% 
74.6% 

78.7% 

80.1% 

97.4% 

99.8% 

- 

- 

53 Defined as For/(For+Against), expressed as a percentage. Non-voters are not included in the calculation 

251 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Information 

252 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Information 

Asset Portfolio 

The following table provides an overview of our current assets as of December 31, 2022:  

Assets 

Type 

Ownership 

Location 

Currency 
(9) 

Capacity 
(Gross) 

Counterparty 
Credit Ratings(10) 

COD* 

Contract 
Years 
Remaining(17) 

Solana 

Renewable (Solar) 

100%  Arizona (USA)  USD  280 MW  BBB+/A3/ BBB+  2013 

Mojave 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Coso 

Renewable 
(Geothermal) 

100% 

California 
(USA) 
California 
(USA) 

USD  280 MW 

BB-/--/BB 

2014 

USD  135 MW 

Investment grade 
(11) 

1987/ 
1989 

Elkhorn Valley(16)  Renewable (Wind) 

49%  Oregon (USA)  USD  101 MW 

BBB/Baa1/-- 

2007 

Prairie Star(16) 

Renewable (Wind) 

49% 

Minnesota 
(USA) 

USD  101 MW 

--/A3/A- 

2007 

Twin Groves II(16)  Renewable (Wind) 

49% 

Illinois (USA)  USD  198 MW  BBB-/Baa2/-- 

2008 

21 

17 

16 

5 

5 

3 

Lone Star II(16) 

Renewable (Wind) 

49% 

Texas (USA)  USD  196 MW 

Chile PV 1 

Renewable (Solar) 

35%(1) 

Chile 

USD 

55 MW 

N/A 

N/A 

2008 

N/A 

2016 

N/A 

Chile PV 2 

Renewable (Solar) 

35%(1) 

Chile 

USD 

40 MW 

Not rated 

2017 

8 

Chile PV 3 

Renewable (Solar) 

35%(1) 

Chile 

USD 

73 MW 

N/A 

2014 

N/A 

La Sierpe 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Colombia 

COP 

20 MW 

Not rated 

2021 

Palmatir 

Cadonal 

Renewable (Wind) 

100% 

Uruguay 

USD 

50 MW  BBB/Baa2/BBB-(12)  2014 

Renewable (Wind) 

100% 

Uruguay 

USD 

50 MW  BBB/Baa2/BBB-(12)  2014 

Melowind 

Renewable (Wind) 

100% 

Uruguay 

USD 

50 MW  BBB/Baa2/BBB-  2015 

Mini-Hydro 

Renewable 
(Hydraulic) 

100% 

Peru 

USD 

4 MW 

BBB/ Baa1/BBB  2012 

13 

11 

12 

13 

10 

Solaben 2 & 3 

Renewable (Solar) 

70%(2) 

Spain 

Euro  2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2012 

15/15 

Solacor 1 & 2 

Renewable (Solar) 

87%(3) 

Spain 

Euro  2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2012 

14/14 

PS10/PS20 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Spain 

Euro 

31 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2007& 
2009 

Helioenergy 1 & 2  Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Spain 

Euro  2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2011 

Helios 1 & 2 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Spain 

Euro  2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2012 

9/11 

14/14 

14/15 

Solnova 1, 3 & 4  Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Spain 

Euro  3x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2010 

12/12/13 

Solaben 1 & 6 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Spain 

Euro  2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2013 

16/16 

Seville PV 

Renewable (Solar) 

80%(4) 

Spain 

Euro 

1 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2006 

13 

Italy PV 1 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Italy PV 2 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Italy PV 3 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Italy PV 4 

Renewable (Solar) 

100% 

Italy 

Italy 

Italy 

Italy 

Euro 

1.6 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB  2010 

Euro 

2.1 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB  2011 

Euro 

2.5 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB  2012 

Euro 

3.6 MW 

BBB/Baa3/BBB 

2011 

8 

8 

9 

9 

Kaxu 

Renewable (Solar) 

51%(5) 

South 

Rand  100 MW 

BB-/Ba2/ 

2015 

12 

253 

 
 
10 

23 

18 

21 

10 

49 

11 

15 

17 

Assets 

Type 

Ownership 

Location 

Currency 
(9) 

Capacity 
(Gross) 

Counterparty 
Credit Ratings(10) 

COD* 

Contract 
Years 
Remaining(17) 

Calgary 

ACT 

Monterrey 

ATN (13) 

ATS 

ATN 2 

Efficient natural 
gas 

Efficient natural 
gas 
Efficient natural 
gas 

Africa 

100% 

Canada 

CAD  55 MWt 

100% 

Mexico 

USD  300 MW 

BB-(13) 

~41% A+ or 
higher(14) 

BBB/ B1/ 
BB- 

2010 

18 

2013 

30% 

Mexico 

USD  142 MW 

Not rated 

2018 

Transmission line 

100% 

Transmission line 

100% 

Transmission line 

100% 

Peru 

Peru 

Peru 

USD  379 miles  BBB/ Baa1/BBB  2011 

USD  569 miles  BBB/ Baa1/BBB  2014 

USD  81 miles 

Not rated 

2015 

Quadra 1 & 2 

Transmission line 

100% 

Chile 

USD 

49 miles/ 
32 miles 

100% 

Chile 

USD 

6 miles 

Not rated 

2014 

12/12 

BBB/-/ 
BBB+ 

2007 

15 

100% 

Chile 

USD  50 miles 

A/A2/A- 

1993 

N/A 

100% 

Chile 

USD 

63 miles 

Not rated 

2016 

Palmucho 

Chile TL3 

Chile TL4 

Transmission 
line 
Transmission 
line 
Transmission 
line 

Skikda 

Water 

34.2%(5) 

Algeria 

USD 

Honaine 

Water 

25.5%(6) 

Algeria 

USD 

Tenes 

Water 

51%(8) 

Algeria 

USD 

3.5 M 
ft3/day 
7 M ft3/ 
day 
7 M ft3/ 
day 

Not rated 

2009 

Not rated 

2012 

Not rated 

2015 

254 

 
 
 
 
 
Notes: 
(1)  65% of the shares  in  Chile PV 1, Chile PV 2 and Chile PV 3 are indirectly held by  financial partners through the 
renewable  energy  platform  of  the  Company  in  Chile.  Atlantica  has  control  over  these  entities  under  IFRS  10, 
Consolidated Financial Statements. 
Itochu Corporation holds 30% of the shares in each of Solaben 2 and Solaben 3. 
JGC holds 13% of the shares in each of Solacor 1 and Solacor 2. 
Instituto para la Diversificación y Ahorro de la Energía (“Idae”) holds 20% of the shares in Seville PV. 

(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
(5)  Kaxu is owned by the Company (51%), Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa (“IDC”, 29%) and Kaxu 

Community Trust (20%). 

(6)  Algerian Energy Company, SPA owns 49% of Skikda and Sacyr Agua, S.L. owns the remaining 16.8%. Atlantica has 

control over it under IFRS 10, Consolidated Financial Statements. 

(7)  Algerian Energy Company, SPA owns 49% of Honaine and Sacyr Agua, S.L. owns the remaining 25.5%. 
(8)  Algerian Energy Company, SPA owns 49% of Tenes. The Company has an investment in Tenes through a secured 
loan to Befesa Agua Tenes  (the holding company of Tenes) and the right to appoint a majority at the board of 
directors of the project company. Therefore, the Company controls Tenes since May 31, 2020, and fully consolidates 
the asset from that date. 

(9)  Certain contracts denominated in U.S. dollars are payable in local currency. 
(10)  Reflects the counterparty’s credit ratings issued by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, or S&P, Moody’s Investors 

Service Inc., or Moody’s, and Fitch Ratings Ltd, or Fitch. Not applicable (“N/A”) when the asset has no PPA. 

(11)  Refers to the credit rating of two Community Choice Aggregators: Silicon Valley Clean Energy and Monterrey Bar 
Community Power, both with A Rating from S&P  and Southern California Public  Power Authority. The third off-
taker is not rated. 

(12)  Refers  to  the  credit  rating  of  Uruguay,  as  UTE  (Administración  Nacional  de  Usinas  y  Transmisoras  Eléctricas)  is 

unrated. 

(13)  Refers to the credit rating of the Republic of South Africa. The off-taker is Eskom, which is a state-owned utility 

company in South Africa. 

(14)  Refers to the credit rating of a diversified mix of 22 high credit quality clients (~41% A+ rating or higher, the rest is 

unrated). 

(15)  Including ATN Expansion 1 & 2. 
(16) Part of Vento II Portfolio. 
(17)  As of December 31, 2022. 
(*)  Commercial Operation Date. 

255 

 
 
 
Definitions 

Unless otherwise specified or the context requires otherwise in this annual report: 

-  references  to  “2020  Green  Private  Placement”  refer  to  the  €290  million  (approximately  $310 
million)  senior  secured  notes  maturing  on  June  20,  2026  which  were  issued  under  a  senior 
secured note purchase agreement entered with a group of institutional investors as purchasers 
of the notes issued thereunder; 

-  references to “Abengoa” refer to Abengoa, S.A., together with its subsidiaries, unless the context 

otherwise requires; 

-  references to “ACT” refer to the gas-fired cogeneration facility located inside the Nuevo Pemex 

Gas Processing Facility near the city of Villahermosa in the State of Tabasco, Mexico; 

-  references to “ADEQ” refer to Arizona’s Departments of Environmental Quality; 

-  references to “Adjusted EBITDA” have the meaning set forth in the Section entitled “Non-GAAP 

Financial Measures” in the section “Financial review.” 

-  References to “Albisu” refer to the 10 MW solar PV plant located in Uruguay; 

-  references to “Algonquin” refer to, as the context requires, either Algonquin Power & Utilities 
Corp.,  a  North  American  diversified  generation,  transmission  and  distribution  utility,  or 
Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp. together with its subsidiaries; 

-  references  to  “Algonquin  ROFO  Agreement  and  Liberty  GES  ROFO  Agreement”  refer  to  the 
agreements  we  entered  into  with  Algonquin  and  with  Liberty  GES,  respectively,  on  March  5, 
2018, under which Algonquin and Liberty GES granted us a right of first offer to purchase any 
of the assets offered for sale located outside of the United States or Canada as amended from 
time to time.  

-  references to “Amherst Island Partnership” or “AIP” refer to the holding company of 

Windlectric Inc; 

-  references  to  “Annual  Consolidated  Financial  Statements”  refer  to  the  audited  annual 
consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, including the related notes 
thereto,  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS  as  issued  by  the  IASB  (as  such  terms  are  defined 
herein), included in this annual report; 

-  references to “ASI Operations” refer to ASI Operations LLC; 

-  references to “Atlantica” refer to Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc and, where the context 
requires, Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc together with its consolidated subsidiaries; 

- 

- 

references  to  “Atlantica  Jersey”  refer  to  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  Jersey  Limited,  a 
wholly-owned subsidiary of Atlantica; 

references to “ATM Plan Letter Agreement” refer to the agreement by and among the Company 
and Algonquin dated August 3, 2021, pursuant to which the Company offers Algonquin the right 
but not the obligation, on a quarterly basis, to purchase a number of ordinary shares to maintain 
its percentage interest in Atlantica at the average price of the shares sold under the Distribution 
Agreement in the previous quarter, as adjusted; 

-  references to “ATN” refer to ATN S.A., the operational electric transmission asset in Peru, which 

is part of the Guaranteed Transmission System; 

256 

 
 
-  references to “ATS” refer to Atlantica Transmision Sur S.A.; 

-  references to “AVERT” refer to Avoided Emissions and Generation Tool a U.S. national weighted 
average CO2 marginal emission rate, to convert reductions of kilowatt-hours into avoided units 
of CO2 emissions; 

-  references to “Befesa Agua Tenes” refer to Befesa Agua Tenes, S.L.U; 

-  references to “cash available for distribution” or CAFD refer to the cash distributions received by 
the Company from its subsidiaries minus cash expenses of the Company, including third party 
debt service and general and administrative expenses; 

-  references to “CAISO” refer to the California Independent System Operator; 

-  references to “Calgary District Heating” or “Calgary” refer to the 55 MWt thermal capacity district 

heating asset in the city of Calgary which we acquired in May 2021; 

-  references  to  “CDP”  refer  to  Carbon  Disclosure  Project  a  leading  provider  of  environmental 
management and  transparency and  rates  more  than  9,600  companies with  assets  of  US$106 
trillion and representing over 50% of global market capitalisation; 

-  references to “CEDA” refer to Comprehensive Environmental Data Archive that hosts over 13 

Petabytes of atmospheric and earth observation data; 

-  references to “Chile PV 1” refer to the solar PV plant of 55 MW located in Chile; 

-  references to “Chile PV 2” refer to the solar PV plant of 40 MW located in Chile; 

-  references to “Chile PV 3” refer to the solar PV plant of 73 MW located in Chile; 

- 

- 

- 

references to “Chile TL 3” refer to the 50-mile transmission line located in Chile;  

references to “Chile TL 4” refer to the 63-mile transmission line located in Chile; 

references to “CNMC” refer to Comision Nacional de los Mercados y de la Competencia, the 
Spanish state-owned regulator; 

-  references to “Corruption” consists of the abuse of power with the goal of private gain and can 
be initiated by individuals in the public or private sector. Corrupt practices include, but are not 
limited to, bribes, extortion, collusion, conflicts of interest and money laundering; 

-  references to “COD” refer to the commercial operation date of the applicable facility; 

-  references to “Coso” refer to the 135 MW geothermal plant located in California; 

-  references  to  the  “Distribution  Agreement”  refer  to  the  agreement  entered  into  with  BofA 
Securities,  Inc.,  MUFG  Securities  Americas  Inc.  and  RBC  Capital  Markets  LLC,  as  sales  agents, 
dated February 28, 2022 as amended on May 9, 2022, under which we may offer and sell from 
time to time up to $150 million of our ordinary shares and pursuant to which such sales agents 
may sell our ordinary shares by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market 
offering”  as  defined  by  Rule  415(a)(4)  promulgated  under  the  U.S.  Securities  Act  of  1933,  as 
amended; 

-  references to “DOE” refer to the U.S. Department of Energy; 

-  references to “DOE” refer to the U.S. Department of Energy; 

-  references to “DTC” refer to The Depository Trust Company; 

257 

 
 
-  references to “EMEA” refer to Europe, Middle East and Africa; 

-  references to “EPC” refer to engineering, procurement and construction; 

-  references to “EPA” refer to United States Environmental Protection Agency; 

-  references to “Eskom” refer to Eskom Holdings SOC Limited, together with its subsidiaries, 

unless the context otherwise requires; 

-  references to “ETF” refer to passively managed funds; 

-  references to “EURIBOR” refer to Euro Interbank Offered Rate, a daily reference rate published 
by the European Money Markets Institute, based on the average interest rates at which Eurozone 
banks offer to lend unsecured funds to other banks in the euro wholesale money market; 

-  references to “EU” refer to the European Union; 

-  references to “Federal Financing Bank” refer to a U.S. government corporation by that name; 

-  references to “Fitch” refer to Fitch Ratings Inc.; 

-  references to “FCPA” refer to U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act; 

-  references to “GEI” refer to Gender-Equality Index, an index that includes 380 companies across 
11  sectors  and  44  countries  and  regions.  It  measures  disclosure  and  gender  equality  using 
indicators across five areas: female leadership and talent pipeline, equal pay and gender pay 
parity, inclusive culture, sexual harassment policies, and pro-women brand; 

-  references to “Green Exchangeable Notes” refer to the $115 million green exchangeable senior 
notes  due  in  2025  issued  by  Atlantica  Jersey  on  July  17,  2020,  and  fully  and  unconditionally 
guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis, by Atlantica; 

-  references to “Green Project Finance” refer to the green project financing agreement entered 
into  between  Logrosan,  the  sub-holding  company  of  Solaben  1  &  6  and  Solaben  2  &  3,  as 
borrower, and ING Bank, B.V. and Banco Santander S.A., as lenders; 

-  references to “Green Senior Notes” refer to the $400 million green senior notes due in 2028; 

-  references to “GRI” refers to Global Reporting Initiative standards, an internationally recognised 

standardised framework for disclosing economic, environmental and social performance; 

-  references to “GBP” refers to “Green Bond Principles”, a voluntary process guideline that seek to 
support issuers in financing environmentally sound and sustainable projects that foster a net-
zero  emissions  economy  and  protect  the  environment.  GBP-aligned  issuance  should  provide 
transparent green credentials alongside an investment opportunity; 

-  references to “Gross capacity” refers to the maximum, or rated, power generation capacity, in 
MW,  of  a  facility  or  group  of  facilities,  without  adjusting  for  the  facility’s  power  parasitic 
consumption, or by our percentage of ownership interest in such facility as of the date of this 
annual report; 

-  references to “GWh” refer to gigawatt hour; 

-  references to “IAS” refer to International Accounting Standards issued by the IASB; 
-  references to “IASB” refer to the International Accounting Standards Board; 
-  references to “IFRIC 12” refer to International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee’s 

Interpretation 12—Service Concessions Arrangements;  

258 

 
 
-  references to “IFRS as issued by the IASB” refer to International Financial Reporting Standards 

as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board; 

-  references to “ILO” refer to International Labour Rights; 

-  references to “Independent Director” refers to, following Nasdaq rules, a person other than an 
officer or employee of a company or its subsidiaries or a person who, in the opinion of the board 
of directors, has a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment 
in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Atlantica has chosen to follow the requirements 
of  the  NASDAQ  Listing  Rules  in  terms  of  corporate  governance.  As  of  December  31,  2022, 
Atlantica has determined that the non-executive directors Mr. Aziz, Ms. Del Favero, Ms. Eprile, 
Mr. Hall, Mr. Forsayeth and Mr. Woollcombe are independent directors as they do not have a 
relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the 
responsibilities  of  a  director.  Mr.  Banskota  and  Mr.  Trisic  were  considered  non-independent 
based on their relationship with Algonquin, which is currently Atlantica’s largest shareholder. 
Mr. Banskota is the current Chief Executive Officer of Algonquin, while Mr. Trisic held a senior 
executive role at Algonquin until April 2022. 

-  references to “IPO” refer to our initial public offering of ordinary shares in June 2014; 

-  references to “IRA” refer to the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act; 

-  references to “Italy PV” refer to the six solar PV plants located in Italy with combined capacity of 

9.8 MW; 

-  references to “IPCC” refer to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; 

-  references to “ITC” refer to investment tax credits; 

-  references to “Kaxu” refer to the 100 MW solar plant located in South Africa; 

-  references to “La Sierpe” refer to the 20MW solar asset in Colombia; 

-  references to “La Tolua” refer to the 20 MW solar PV plant located in Colombia; 

-  references to “LDR” refer to Lost Day Rate calculated as “(Lost Days in a Year / Total Worked-

Hours) * 200,000 worked-hours; 

-  references  to  “Liberty  GES”  refer  to  Liberty  Global  Energy  Solutions  B.V.,  a  subsidiary  of 
Algonquin formerly known as Abengoa- Algonquin Global Energy Solutions B.V. (AAGES) which 
invests in the development and construction of contracted clean energy and water infrastructure 
contracted assets; 

-  references to “LIBOR” refer to London Interbank Offered Rate; 

-  references to “Logrosan” refer to Logrosan Solar Inversiones, S.A.; 

-  references to “Lost Time Frequency Index” (LTFI) refer to the total number of recordable 

accidents with leave (lost time injury) recorded in the last 12 months per million of worked 
hours; 

-  references to “LTIP” refer to the long-term incentive plans approved by the Board of Directors; 

-  references to “Mft3M ft3” refer to million standard cubic feet; 

-  references  to  “Monterrey”  refer  to  the  142  MW  gas-fired  engine  facility  including  130  MW 

installed capacity and 12 MW battery capacity, located in, Monterrey, Mexico; 

259 

 
 
-  references to “NMFR” refer to Near Miss Frequency Rate described by Sustainable Accounting 

Standards as near misses, unsafe acts and unsafe conditions frequency rate; 

-  references to “Multinational Investment Guarantee Agency” refer to Multinational Investment 
Guarantee Agency, a financial institution member of the World Bank Group which offers political 
insurance and credit enhancement guarantees; 

-  references to “MW” refer to megawatts;  

-  references to “MWh” refer to megawatt hour; 

-  references to “Moody’s” refer to Moody’s Investor Service Inc.; - references to “NOL” refer to net 

operating loss; 

-  references to “NEPA” refer to the National Environment Policy Act; 

-  references to “NOL” refer to net operating loss; 

-  references to “Note Issuance Facility 2019” refer to the senior unsecured note facility dated April 
30, 2019, as amended on May 14, 2019, October 23, 2020 and March 30, 2021 for a total amount 
of  €268  million,  (approximately  $287  million),  with  Lucid  Agency  Services  Limited,  as  facility 
agent and a group of funds managed by Westbourne Capital as purchasers of the notes issued 
thereunder which was fully repaid on June 4, 2021;  

-  references to “Note Issuance Facility 2020” refer to the senior unsecured note facility dated July 
8, 2020, as amended on March 30, 2021 of €140 million (approximately $150 million), with Lucid 
Agency Services Limited, as facility agent and a group of funds managed by Westbourne Capital 
as purchasers of the notes issued thereunder; 

-  references  to  “O&M”  refer  to  operation  and  maintenance  services  provided  at  our  various 

facilities; 

-  references  to  “operation”  refer  to  the  status  of  projects  that  have  reached  COD  (as  defined 

above); 

-  references to “Pemex” refer to Petroleos Mexicanos; 

-  references to “PG&E” refer to PG&E Corporation and its regulated utility subsidiary, Pacific Gas 

and Electric Company collectively; 

-  references to “PPE” refer to personal protective equipment. 

-  references  to  “PPA”  refer  to  the  power  purchase  agreements  through  which  our  power 

generating assets have contracted to sell energy to various off-takers; 

-  references to “PTS” refer to Pemex Transportation System; 

-  references  to  “Revolving  Credit  Facility”  refers  to  the  credit  and  guaranty  agreement  with  a 
syndicate of banks entered into on May 10, 2018 as amended on January 24, 2019, August 2, 
2019, December 17, 2019 and August 28, 2020, March 1, 2021 and May 5, 2022 providing for a 
senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $450 million;  

-  references to “Rioglass” refer to Rioglass Solar Holding, S.A.; 

-  references to “ROFO” refer to a right of first offer; 

-  references to “ROFO agreements” refer to the AAGES ROFO Agreement and Algonquin ROFO 

Agreement; 

260 

 
 
-  references to “SASB” refer to Sustainability Accounting Standards Board a guidance intended 
for use in communications to investors regarding sustainability issues that are likely to impact 
corporate ability to create value over the long term; 

-  references to the “Shareholders’ Agreement” refer to the agreement by and among Algonquin 
Power & Utilities Corp., Abengoa-Algonquin Global Energy Solutions and Atlantica Sustainable 
Infrastructure plc, dated March 5, 2018, as amended; 

-  references to “Skikda” refer to the seawater desalination plant in Algeria, which is 34% owned 

by Atlantica; 

-  references to “SOFR” refer to Secured Overnight Financing Rate. 

-  references to “Solaben Luxembourg” refer to Solaben Luxembourg S.A; 

-  references to “Solnova 1, 3 & 4” refer to three solar plants with capacity of 50 MW wholly owned 

by Atlantica, located in the municipality of Sanlucar la Mayor, Spain;  

-  references to “S&P” refer to S&P Global Rating; 

-  references to “SDG” refer to Sustainable Development Goals a total of 17 goals defined by the 

UNG; 

-  references to “Tenes” refer to the water desalination plant in Algeria, which is 51% owned by 

Befesa Agua Tenes; 

-  references to “Tierra Linda” refer to the 10 MW solar PV plant located in Colombia; 

-  references to “Total-Record Incident” refer to the total number of recordable accidents with and 
without leave (lost time injury) recorded in the last 12 months per two hundred thousand worked 
hours; 

-  references to “Total Recordable Incident Rate” (TRIR) refer to the total number of recordable 
accidents with leave (lost time injury) recorded in the last twelve months per million of worked 
hours; 

-  references  to  “TFCD”  refer  to  Task  Force  on  Climate  related  Financial  Disclosures,  a  set  of 
recommendations  focused  on  four  thematic  areas  that  represent  core  operational  elements, 
including: Governance, Strategy, Risk Management and Metrics and Targets; 

-  references to “U.K.” refer to the United Kingdom; 

-  references  to  “UNGC”  refer  to  United  Nations  Global  Compact,  world’s  largest  corporate 

sustainability initiative; 

-  reference to “U.S.” or “United States” refer to the United States of America; 

-  references to “WRI” refer to World Resources Institute; 

-  references to “WTT DEFRA” refer to Well to Tank from the Department for Environment, Food 

and Rural Affairs; 

references  to  “we,”  “us,”  “our,”  “Atlantica”  and  the  “Company”  refer  to  Atlantica  Sustainable 
Infrastructure plc and its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. 

261 

 
 
 
 
Reconciliations 

-  Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and Cash Available For Distribution to Profit for the period 

attributable to the Company 

(in thousands of U.S. dollars) 

Profit/(loss) for the period attributable to the Company   

Profit/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest 

Income tax 

Depreciation and amortisation, financial expense and 

income tax expense of unconsolidated affiliates (pro rata of 

our equity ownership) 

Financial expense, net 

Depreciation, amortisation, and impairment charges 

Adjusted EBITDA 

Atlantica’s pro-rata share of EBITDA from unconsolidated 

affiliates 

Non-monetary Items 

      Accounting provision for electricity market prices in 
Spain 
      Difference between billings and revenue in assets 
accounted for as concessional financial assets 

      Income from cash grants in the US 

     Other non-monetary items 

Maintenance Capex 

Dividends from equity method investments 

Net interest and income tax paid 

Changes in other assets and liabilities 

Deposits into/ withdrawals from restricted accounts

54

Change in non-restricted cash at project level

54

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests 

Debt principal repayment 

Cash Available For Distribution 

For the year ended  

December 31, 

2022 

2021 

$    (5,443)   
3,356   
(9,689)   

$     (30,080)                 

19,162 

36,220 

24,304   

18,753 

310,934   
473,638   
$    797,100   

340,892 

439,441 

$     824,388 

(45,769)   

(31,057) 

27,996   

25,253   

61,631   

(58,888)   
-   

(18,588)   
67,695   
(277,284)   

102,896   

33,018   

(61,672)   

(39,209)   
(348,311)   
  $        237,872   

55,809 

77,055 

38,890 

(58,711) 

(1,424) 

(17,722) 

34,883 

(342,263) 

43,696 

2,729 

2,209 

(28,134) 

(318,991) 

$       225,547 

54 “Deposits into/ withdrawals from restricted accounts” and “Change in non-restricted cash at project level” are calculated on a constant currency basis to 
reflect actual cash movements isolated from the impact of variations generated by foreign exchange changes during the period. 

262 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-  Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 

(in thousands of U.S. dollars) 

For the year ended December 31 

Net cash provided by operating activities 

Net interest and income tax paid  

Changes in working capital  

Other non-monetary items and other 

Atlantica’s pro-rata share of EBITDA from 

unconsolidated affiliates 

Adjusted EBITDA 

-  Reconciliation of CAFD to CAFD per share 

CAFD (in thousands of U.S. dollars) 

Weighted Number of Shares (basic) for the period 

(in thousands) 

CAFD per share (in U.S. dollars) 

2022 

2021 

$         586,322   
277,284   
(78,805)   
(33,470)   

45,769   

$        505,623              

342,263 

3,127 

(57,682) 

31,057 

$         797,100   

$         824,388               

For the year ended December 31 

2022 

2021 

$         237,872   

$         225,547              

114,695   

111,008 

$           2.0740   

$           2.0318                   

263 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Content Index 

Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure Plc has reported in accordance with the GRI Standards for the 
period January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022. 

GRI Standard 

Description, section(s) and/or URL(s) 

GRI 1: Foundation 2021 
Reporting principles 

This report adheres to the following principles: 
• Stakeholder inclusiveness 
• Sustainability context 
• Materiality 
• Completeness 
• Accuracy 
• Balance 
• Clarity 
• Comparability 
• Reliability 
• Timeliness 

GRI 2: General Disclosures 2021 

1. The organisation and its reporting practices 
2-1 Organisational details 

2-2 Entities included in the 
organisation’s sustainability 
reporting 

2-3 Reporting period, 
frequency and contact 
point 

2-4 Restatements of 
information 

2-5 External assurance 

Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure Plc 
Great West Road, Brentford TW8 9DF, Greater London (United Kingdom) 
Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc  common  shares  trade  on  the  Nasdaq  Stock 
Exchange under the symbol “AY” 
Our sustainable business model and strategy (Strategic Report) 
Detailed asset portfolio: Asset Portfolio (Other Information) 
Entities included in the consolidated financial statements are entities in which Atlantica 
has control and its associates. 
Report Information (About this report) 
Detailed asset portfolio: Asset Portfolio (Other Information) 
Reporting period: January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. 
Frequency of reporting: Annual 
Contact points: Leire Perez; Gabriel Deniz 
Email addresses: sustainability@atlantica.com, or ir@atlantica.com 
Integrated Annual Report Information (About this report) 
2021 non-material ESG-related disclosure restatements have been performed to ensure 
consistency and enable comparability of information between reporting periods. 
Reasons for restatements of 2021 relate to changes in measurement methodologies. 
Certain KPIs modified in sections: 
-  GHG  emissions,  non-GHG  emissions,  water  management,  reporting  our  activities 
(Strategic  Report;  Environmental 

the  European  Union  Taxonomy 

under 
Sustainability) 

-  Training hours (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability; People and culture) 
-  Supply chain management (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
-  Number  of  assets  internally  audited  and  improvement  actions  (Strategic  Report; 

Asset Management) 

-  Trade associations (Business ethics) 
Effect of the ESG-related data restatement are non-material 
Data Review (About this report) 
-  GHG emissions Scope 1, 2 and 3: 100% externally reviewed 
-  Non-GHG emissions, water and waste KPIs 100% externally reviewed 
Asset management (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability): ISO 9001, 14001 and 
45,001 compliant, environmental and quality management system reviewed by DNV. 
Data security (Strategic Report) ISO 27001 compliant 

264 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Activities and workers 
2-6 Activities, value chain 
and other business 
relationships 

2-7 Employees 

2-8 Workers who are not 
employees 

3. Governance 
2-9 Governance structure 
and composition 
2-10 Nomination and 
selection of the highest 
governance body 

2-11 Chair of the highest 
governance body 
2-12 Role of the highest 
governance body in 
overseeing the 
management of impacts 

2-13 Delegation of 
responsibility for managing 
impacts 
2-14 Role of the highest 
governance body in 
sustainability reporting 

2-15 Conflicts of interest 
2-16 Communication of 
critical concerns 

All reviews were performed by independent third parties. 

Atlantica in Two Minutes  
Our sustainable business model and strategy; Key performance indicators; A fair 
review of the business; and ESG materiality analysis (Strategic Report)  
Supply chain management and customer management (Strategic Report; Social 
Sustainability) 
Detailed asset portfolio (Other information) 
Key Performance Indicators (Strategic Report) 
People and Culture; Section 172 Statement (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Atlantica does not have non-guaranteed hours employees. 
People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Atlantica does not have workers who are not employees. 

Sustainability governance and Directors’ Report (Governance Section) 
Key Management (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability; People and Culture) 
Sustainability Governance (Governance Section) 
Directors’ Report (Governance Section) 
Committee Charters (at Board level) https://www.atlantica.com/web/en/company-
overview/corporate-governance/corporate-governance-documents/  
Corporate Governance Guidelines (https://www.atlantica.com/wp-
content/uploads/documents/Corporate-Governance-Guidelines_2021.pdf) 
Sustainability Governance and Directors’ Report (Governance Section) 

Sustainability governance and directors’ report (Governance Section) 
Stakeholder engagement (About this report; ESG Materiality assessment) 
Stakeholder policy (https://www.atlantica.com/web/en/sustainability/stakeholder-
policy/) 
Environmental compliance, principal risks and uncertainties and section 172 
statement (Strategic Report) 
Human rights (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Sustainability governance and directors’ report (Governance Section) 
Principal risks and uncertainties (Strategic Report) 

Data review (About this report) 
Atlantica’s  Board  of  Directors  approved  this  Integrated  Annual  Report  prior  to  its 
publication 
Directors’ responsibilities statement (Strategic Report) 
Sustainability governance (Governance Section)  
Business ethics and directors’ report (Governance Section) 
Business ethics, sustainability governance, directors’ report and audit committee report 
(Governance Section) 
Human rights (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Cybersecurity and data Privacy (Strategic Report) 
Sustainability governance and directors’ report (Governance Section) 

2-17 Collective knowledge 
of the highest governance 
body 
2-18 Evaluation of the 
performance of the highest 
governance body 
2-19 Remuneration policies  Directors’ remuneration report (Governance Section) 

Sustainability governance and directors’ report (Governance Section) 

2-20 Process to determine 
remuneration 

Key management (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability; People and Culture) 
Directors’ report and directors’ remuneration report (Governance Section) 
People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

265 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
2-21 Annual total 
compensation ratio 

Directors’ remuneration report (Governance Section) 

4. Strategy, policies and practices 
2-22 Statement on 
sustainable development 
strategy 
2-23 Policy commitments 

Our sustainable business model and strategy (Strategic Report) 
Sustainability governance (Governance Section) 

Our Purpose and Values 
Business ethics (Governance Section) 
Our Sustainable Business Model and Strategy (Strategic Report) 
Human rights (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Corporate governance policies and documents available at: 
https://www.atlantica.com/web/en/company-overview/corporate-
governance/corporate-governance-documents/ 
ESG-related policies available at: https://www.atlantica.com/web/en/policies/ 
We apply the Precautionary Principle consistently when we assess risks related to the 
Environment in all our activities. 
Sustainability governance and directors’ report (Governance Section) 
Corporate Governance policies and documents available on our website 
ESG-related policies available on our website 
Business ethics and directors’ report (Governance Section) 
Human rights (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Principal risks and uncertainties and environmental sustainability (Strategic Report) 
Business ethics and directors’ report (Governance Section) 
People and Culture and human rights (Social Sustainability) 

Business ethics and directors’ report (Governance Section) 
Environmental compliance and cybersecurity and Data Privacy (Strategic Report) 
Human rights (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
No significant fines or non-monetary sanctions for non-compliance with laws and/or 
regulations  in  the  environmental,  social  and  economic  areas  were  received  in  2022, 
2021 and 2020. 
Business ethics (Governance Section) 

ESG materiality assessment (Strategic Report) 
Stakeholder  engagement  policy  and  other  Compliance  and  ESG-related  policies 
available on our website  
People  and  Culture,  supply  chain  management,  customer  management  and  local 
communities (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Collective bargaining agreements  (Strategic  Report; Social Sustainability; People and 
Culture) 
Atlantica’s remuneration package includes monetary compensation and remuneration 
in-kind, depending on the employee’s position, and on local practices in the countries 
where we operate. In all cases, Atlantica’s remuneration package complies with all local 
rules and regulations. 

ESG materiality analysis (Strategic Report) 

ESG materiality analysis (Strategic Report) 
In 2022, no significant changes were made to the list of material topics compared to 
the previous reporting period. 

266 

2-24 Embedding policy 
commitments 

2-25 Processes to 
remediate negative impacts 

2-26 Mechanisms for 
seeking advice and raising 
concerns 
2-27 Compliance with laws 
and regulations 

2-28 Membership 
associations 

5. Stakeholder Engagement 
2-29 Approach to 
stakeholder engagement 

2-30 Collective bargaining 
agreements 

Material Topics 
GRI 3: Material Topics 2021 
3-1 Process to determine 
material topics 
3-2 List of material topics 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

ESG materiality analysis (Strategic Report) 

Sustainability governance and directors’ directors (Governance Section) 

Principal risks and uncertainties and section 172 statement (Strategic Report) 

TCFD  reporting,  GHG  emissions,  water  and  waste  management,  and  biodiversity 
(Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 

Human rights, health and safety, People and Culture, supply chain management and 
local communities (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 

Asset management (Strategic Report) 
Independent Auditor’s Report (Other information)  
Atlantica  periodically  performs  internal  analysis  comparing  current  practices  with 
benchmarks  in different areas. In addition, the Compliance Management Committee 
periodically  analyses  best  practices  and  benchmarks  to  improve  our  compliance 
practices over time. The Board of Directors reviews annually Atlantica’s board practices 
and  compares  them  to  best  practices  following  recommendations  from  the  U.K. 
Institute  of  Directors  and  the  main  proxy  advisors  incorporating  recommendations 
whenever possible. 
CDP  (Climate  Change  and  Water  questionnaires),  S&P  CSA  and  Sustainalytics  ESG 
assessments provide valuable information and have been used internally to improve 
certain areas following best practices. Asset management functions are a core part of 
our business and are also periodically evaluated against best practices. 

Economic performance 
GRI 201: Economic Performance 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

Key Performance Indicators, A Fair Review of the Business, and ESG Materiality Analysis 
(Strategic Report) 

201-1 Direct economic 
value generated and 
distributed 

Direct economic value generated, distributed and retained for the year ended 
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019: 

$ in Millions 

2022 

2021 

2020 

Economic Value Generated 
Revenue 
Other Operating Income 
Financial Income 

Economic Value Distributed 
Operating costs, including wages and benefits 
Payments to providers of capital1 
Payments to Government2 
Community Investments3 
Economic Value Retained 

1,188 
1,102 
81 
6 

1,290 
1,212 
75 
3 

(925)  (1,030) 
(493) 
(433) 
(484) 
(475) 
(52) 
(15) 
(1) 
(2) 
260 
264 

1,120 
1,013 
100 
7 

(793) 
(331) 
(445) 
(16) 
(1) 
327 

Note: Figures were determined according to GRI 201 guidelines 
1  Interest paid and Dividends paid to Company’s shareholders 
2  Income tax paid 
3  Community investments in the U.S., Chile, Colombia, Peru, South Africa and Algeria 

Key Performance Indicators and A Fair Review of the Business (Strategic Report) 

Local Communities (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

Detailed  financial  information  provided  in  our  2022  annual  report:  U.S.  Securities 
Exchange Commission Form 20-F available on our website 

201-2 Financial implications 
and other risks and 
opportunities due to 
climate change 

Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (Strategic Report; Environmental 
Sustainability) 
Principal risks and uncertainties (Strategic Report) 
2022 CDP’s Climate Change questionnaire at www.atlantica.com 
Sustainability governance (Governance section) 

267 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
201-3 Defined benefit plan 
obligations and other 
retirement plans 
201-4 Financial assistance 
received from government 

The  Company  does  not  have  any  defined  benefit  compensation  plans.  The  only 
retirement  obligations  are  related  to  401(k)  plans  in  the  U.S.  in  accordance  with  the 
regulation in place and in the U.K. also in accordance with the regulation in place. 
2022 Consolidated Financial Statements (Other Information) 

GRI 204: Procurement Practices 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 
204-1 
of 
spending on local suppliers 

Proportion 

GRI 205: Anti-Corruption 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 
205-1 Operations assessed 
for risks related to 
corruption 
205-2 Communication and 
training about anti-
corruption policies 
and procedures 
205-3 Confirmed incidents 
of corruption and actions 
taken 

ESG materiality analysis (Strategic Report) 

Supply chain management (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Local supplier is an organisation or person that provides  a product or service in the 
country where we perform our business activities. 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Atlantica’s webpage corporate Governance Section 
Business ethics (Governance Section) 
United  Nations  Global  Compact,  Principal  Risks  and  Uncertainties,  Supply  Chain 
Management, Cybersecurity and Data Privacy, (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Business ethics (Governance Section)  
People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

Business ethics (Governance Section) 
In 2022, two Code of Conduct incidents were identified and investigated following our 
internal process and procedures. As a result, among other actions, the employment of 
those employees involved was terminated, and comprehensive anti-bribery and anti-
corruption training was provided to local employees. 

GRI 206: Anti-Competitive Behaviour 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

ESG materiality analysis (Strategic Report) 
Atlantica’s Webpage: Corporate Governance Section 

206-1 Legal actions for 
anti-competitive behaviour, 
anti-trust, 
and monopoly practices 

GRI 207: Tax 2019 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

207-1 Approach to tax 

207-2 Tax governance, 
control, and risk 
management 
207-3 Stakeholder 
engagement and 
management of concerns 
related to tax 
207-4 Country-by-country 
reporting 

Category: Environmental 

No legal actions or anti-competitive behaviour, anti-trust, 
or monopoly practices have been taken in 2022, 2021 and 2020 
Business ethics (Governance Section)  

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Atlantica’s Webpage: Corporate Governance Section 
We have decided to voluntarily apply GRI 207 requirements 
Tax Strategy: Tax Management 
Atlantica’s tax strategy is available on our website (Corporate Governance section) 
Tax Management (Strategic Report) 

Tax Management (Strategic Report) 

Confidentiality constraints 

268 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GRI 302: Energy 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

302-1 Energy consumption 
within the organisation 
302-2 Energy consumption 
outside of the organisation 
302-3 Energy Intensity 

302-4 Reduction of energy 
consumption 
302-5 Reductions in energy 
requirements of products 
and services 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Environmental Sustainability (Strategic Report) 
We have decided to voluntarily apply GRI 302 requirements 
Energy Management (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 
2022 CDP Climate Change questionnaire (available at www.atlantica.com) 
Partially disclosed. Energy consumption outside of the organisation is included in our 
scope 3 GHG emissions. 
Energy Management Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability. 
2022 CDP Climate Change questionnaire (available at www.atlantica.com) 
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability)  

Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability)  
Our Operations Department dedicates time and efforts to identify potential measures 
to  improve  efficiency  at  our  assets.  This  could  result  in  reduction  of  energy 
consumption over time. 
Asset Management (Strategic Report) 

GRI 303: Water and Effluents 2018 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

303 -1 Interactions with 
water as a shared resource 
303-2 Management of 
water discharge-related 
impacts 
303-3 Water withdrawal 

303-4 Water discharge 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Key Performance Indicators (Strategic Report) 
Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (Strategic Report; Environmental 
Sustainability) 
Water Management (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 
Environmental Policy available on our website 
Water Management (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 

Water Management (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability)  
2022 CDP Climate Change questionnaire (available at www.atlantica.com) 

Water Management (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 
We have reported the data in million cubic metres 
Our Municipality Water withdrawals are immaterial 
Water Management (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 
We have reported the data in million cubic metres 
Our Municipality Water discharges are immaterial 

303-5 Water consumption  Water Management (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 

We have reported the data in million cubic metres 
Our Municipality Water consumption is immaterial 

GRI 304: Biodiversity 2016 
103-1 Explanation of the 
material topic and its 
Boundary 
304-1: Operational sites 
owned, leased, managed in, 
or adjacent to, protected 
areas and areas of high 
biodiversity value outside 
protected areas 
304-2 Significant impacts of 
activities, products, and 
services on biodiversity 
304-3 Habitats protected or 
restored  

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Biodiversity (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 
Biodiversity Policy available on our website 
Biodiversity (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 
Partially disclosed: Information unavailable  

Biodiversity (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 

Biodiversity (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability)  

269 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
304-4 IUCN Red List species 
and national conservation 
list 
species with habitats in 
areas affected by 
operations 

GRI 305: Emissions 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

305-1 Direct (Scope 1) GHG 
emissions 
305-2 Energy indirect 
(Scope 2) GHG emissions 
305-3 Other indirect (Scope 
3) GHG emissions 
305-4 GHG emissions 
intensity 

305-5 Reduction of GHG 
emissions 
305-6 Emissions of ozone-
depleting substances (ODS) 
305-7 Nitrogen oxides 
(NOX), sulphur oxides (SOX), 
and other significant air 
emissions 

GRI 306: Waste 2020 
306-1 Waste generation 
and significant waste-
related impacts 
306-2 Management of 
significant waste-related 
impacts 
306-3 Waste generated 

306-4 Waste diverted from 
disposal 

Category: Social 

GRI 401: Employment 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 
401-1 New employee hires 
and employee turnover 
401-2 Benefits provided to 
full-time employees that 
are not provided 
to temporary or part-time 
employees 
401-3 Parental leave 

Omission: Information incomplete 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 
Environmental Policy available on our website 
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 
2022 CDP Climate Change questionnaire (available at www.atlantica.com) 
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 
2022 CDP Climate Change questionnaire (available at www.atlantica.com) 
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 
2022 CDP Climate Change questionnaire (available at www.atlantica.com) 
Greenhouse  Gas  Emissions  (Strategic  Report;  Environmental  Sustainability):  GHG 
Emission Rate per Unit of Energy Generated 
2022 CDP Climate Change questionnaire (available at www.atlantica.com) 
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 
2022 CDP Climate Change questionnaire (available at www.atlantica.com) 
Omission: Information unavailable  

Non-GHG emissions (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability)  

Waste management (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 
Environmental Policy available on our website 

Waste management (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability) 

Waste management (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability)  
All the waste is managed off-site 
Waste management (Strategic Report; Environmental Sustainability)  

ESG materiality analysis (Strategic Report) 
People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

All  benefits  provided  to  full-time  employees  are  the  same  to  those  provided  to 
temporary or part-time employees. 

People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

GRI 402: Labour/Management Relationship 2016 

270 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 
402-1 Minimum notice 
periods regarding 
operational changes 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
At  Atlantica  we  generally  provide  a  minimum  of  a  two  week  notice  prior  to  the 
implementation of significant operational changes that could substantially affect our 
employees.  Where  applicable,  minimum  number  of  weeks’  notice  is  specified  in  the 
collective  bargaining  agreements.  Unexpected  events  may  require  different  notice 
periods. 

Occupational  Health  and  Safety  (Strategic  Report;  Social  Sustainability):  Health  and 
safety  committees  held  with  asset  employee  representatives  cover  all  the  necessary 
topics to promote a positive health and safety culture in our assets. 

GRI 403: Occupational Health and Safety 2018 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Occupational Health and Safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Health and Safety Policy available on our website 
Occupational Health and Safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

Occupational Health and Safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

Occupational Health and Safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

403-1 Occupational health 
and safety management 
system 
403-2 Hazard identification, 
risk assessment, and 
incident 
investigation 
403-3 Occupational health 
services 
403-4 Worker participation, 
consultation, and 
communication on 
occupational health and 
safety 
403-5 Worker training on 
occupational health and 
safety 
403-6 Promotion of worker 
health 
403-7 Prevention and 
mitigation of occupational 
health and safety 
impacts directly linked by 
business relationships 
403-8 Workers covered by 
an occupational health and 
safety management system 
403-9 Work-related injuries  Occupational Health and Safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
403-10 Work-related ill 
health 

Occupational Health and Safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

Occupational Health and Safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

Occupational Health and Safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability)  

Occupational Health and Safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability)  

Atlantica does not have any work-places with high-risk incidence of diseases 

GRI 404: Training and Education 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Occupational Health and Safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

404-1 Average hours of 
training per year per 
employee 
404-2 Programmes for 
upgrading employee skills 
and transition 
assistance programmes 

People  and  Culture  and  Occupational  health  and  safety  (Strategic  Report;  Social 
Sustainability) 
Asset Management (Strategic Report)  
Atlantica has upgrading skills training programmes for its employees. We do not have 
transition  assistance  programmes  resulting  from  retirement  or  termination  of 
employment 

271 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
404-3 Percentage of 
employees receiving 
regular performance 
and career development 
reviews 

People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Annual performance appraisal for 100% of our employees. 

GRI 405: Diversity and Equal Opportunity 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Diversity and Inclusion Policy available on our website 
People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

405-1 Diversity of 
governance bodies and 
employees 
405-2 Ratio of basic salary 
and remuneration of 
women to men  

407-1 Operations and 
suppliers in which the right 
to freedom of association 
and collective bargaining 
may be at risk 

GRI 408: Child Labour 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

408-1 Operations and 
suppliers at significant risk 
for incidents of child labour 

GRI 406: Non-discrimination 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

406-1 Incidents of 
discrimination and 
corrective actions taken 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Business ethics (Governance Section) 
Code of Conduct available on our website  
People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
In  2022  we  did  not  receive  any  communication  with  respect  to  incidents  relating  to 
potential situations of discrimination 

GRI 407: Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Human Rights and People and Culture (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Business ethics (Governance Section) 
Code of conduct and supplier code of conduct available on our website 
Human  Rights  and  Anti-Slavery  and  Human  Trafficking  Statement  (Strategic  Report; 
Social Sustainability) 
Section 172 Statement (Strategic Report) 
Business ethics (Governance Section) 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Business ethics (Governance Section) 
Code of Conduct and Supplier Code of Conduct available on our website 
Human  Rights  and  Anti-Slavery  and  Human  Trafficking  Statement  (Strategic  Report; 
Social Sustainability) 
Section 172 Statement (Strategic Report) 
Business ethics (Governance Section) 

GRI 409: Forced or Compulsory Labour 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 

409-1 Operations and 
suppliers at significant risk 
for incidents of forced 
or compulsory labour 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Business ethics (Governance Section),  
Code of Conduct and Supplier Code of Conduct available on our website. 
Human  Rights  and  Anti-Slavery  and  Human  Trafficking  Statement  (Strategic  Report; 
Social Sustainability) 
Section 172 Statement (Strategic Report) 
Business ethics (Governance Section) 

GRI 411 Rights Of Indigenous People 2016 

272 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 
411- 1 Incidents of 
violations involving rights 
of Indigenous peoples 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Local Communities (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
No substantial incidents of violations involving the rights of Indigenous people have 
been registered in 2022, 2021 and 2020  

GRI 413: Local Communities 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 
413-1 Operations with local 
community engagement, 
impact assessments, 
and development 
programmes 
413-2 Operations with 
significant actual and 
potential negative impacts 
on local communities 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Local Communities (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Local Communities (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Partially disclosed: Information unavailable  

Given  the  nature  of  our  business,  we  do  not  believe  that  our  operations  trigger 
significant damage to local communities. 

GRI 415: Public Policy 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 
415-1 Political 
contributions 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Business ethics (Governance Section) 
In 2022, 2021 and 2020 Atlantica nor any of its subsidiaries made any financial or in-
kind political contributions to political campaigns, political organisations, lobbyists or 
lobbying organisations, trade associations with political impact nor other tax-exempt 
groups, whether directly or indirectly. 

GRI 416: Customer Health and Safety 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 
416-1 Assessment of the 
health and safety impacts 
of product and service 
categories 
416-2 Incidents of non-
compliance concerning the 
health and safety impacts 
of products and services 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Occupational health and safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 
Occupational health and safety (Strategic Report; Social Sustainability) 

We have not identified any non-compliance with regulations and/or voluntary codes 
concerning the health and safety impacts of products and services in 2022, 2021 nor 
2020. 

GRI 418 Customer Privacy 2016 
3-3 Management of 
material topics 
418-1 Substantiated 
complaints concerning 
breaches of customer 
privacy and losses of 
customer data 

ESG Materiality Analysis (Strategic Report) 
Business ethics (Governance Section) 
Cybersecurity and Data Privacy (Strategic Report) 

273 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Index 

We are a sustainable infrastructure company with a majority of our business in renewable energy 
assets. We complement our portfolio of renewable assets with storage, efficient natural gas and 
transmission infrastructure assets, as enablers of the transition towards a clean energy mix. We are 
also present in water infrastructure assets, a sector at the core of sustainable development.  

We  provide  the  Electric  Utilities  and  Power  Generation  SASB.  In  addition,  given  that  Atlantica’s 
activity does not correspond exactly to the activity of an electric utility, we have included certain 
references to the Solar Technology Developers SASB, which are applicable to Atlantica.  

Sustainability Disclosure Topics and Accounting Metrics Electric Utilities and Power 

1) 
Generation (Version 2018 – 10) 

Topic 

SASB code 

Accounting metric 

Section 

Greenhouse 
emissions and 
energy resource 
planning 

IF-EU-110a.1 

IF-EU-110a.2 

IF-EU-110a.3 

IF-EU-110a.4 

Air quality 

IF-EU-120a.1 

IF-EU-140a.1 

Water 
management 

IF-EU-140a.2 

IF-EU-140a.3 

IF-EU-150a.1 

IF-EU-150a.2 

Coal ash 
management 

Energy 
affordability 

IF-EU-240a.1 

(1) Gross global Scope 1 emissions, 
percentage covered under (2) emissions-
limiting regulations, and (3) emissions-
reporting regulations 
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 
associated with power deliveries 
Discussion of long-term and short-term 
strategy or plan to manage Scope 1 
emissions, emissions reduction targets, 
and an analysis of performance against 
those targets 
(1) Number of customers served in 
markets subject to renewable portfolio 
standards (RPS) and (2) percentage 
fulfilment of RPS target by market 
Air emissions of the following pollutants: 
(1) NOx (excluding N2O), (2) SOx, (3) 
particulate matter (PM10), (4) lead (Pb), 
and (5) mercury (Hg); percentage of each 
in or near areas of dense population 
(1) Total water withdrawn, (2) total water 
consumed, percentage of each in regions 
with High or Extremely High Baseline 
Water Stress 
Number of incidents of non-compliance 
associated with water quantity and/or 
quality permits, standards, and 
regulations  
Description of water management risks 
and discussion of strategies and practices 
to mitigate those risks 
Amount of coal combustion residuals 
(CCR) generated, percentage recycled 
Total number of coal combustion residual 
(CCR) impoundments, broken down by 
hazard potential classification and 
structural integrity assessment 
Average retail electric rate for (1) 
residential, (2) commercial, and (3) 
industrial customers 

274 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions 
(Strategic Report; Environmental 
Sustainability) 

Not applicable. Atlantica does not 
deliver power to retail customers 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions 
(Strategic Report; Environmental 
Sustainability) 

Not applicable. Atlantica is not a 
utility company, and our 
customers are not subject to 
renewable portfolio standards. 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions 
(Strategic Report; Environmental 
Sustainability): Non-GHG 
emissions 

Water Management (Strategic 
Report; Environmental 
Sustainability) 

No significant incidents or non-
compliances were registered 
during the reporting period 

Water Management (Strategic 
Report; Environmental 
Sustainability): Risk assessment  
Not applicable. Atlantica does not 
use coal in its operations 

Not applicable. Atlantica does not 
use coal in its operations 

Not applicable. Atlantica does not 
sell energy to retail customers 

 
 
Topic 

SASB code 

IF-EU-240a.2 

IF-EU-240a.3 

IF-EU-240a.4 

Workforce health 
and safety 

IF-EU-320a.1 

Accounting metric 
Typical monthly electric bill for residential 
customers for (1) 500 kWh and (2) 1,000 
kWh of electricity delivered per month 
Number of residential customer electric 
disconnections for non-payment, 
percentage reconnected within 30 days 
Discussion of impact of external factors 
on customer affordability of electricity, 
including the economic conditions of the 
service territory 
(1) Total recordable injury rate (TRIR), (2) 
fatality rate, and (3) Near Misses, Unsafe 
Acts and Unsafe Conditions Frequency 
Rate (NMFR) 

IF-EU-420a.1 

Percentage of electric utility revenue from 
rate structures that (1) are decoupled and 
(2) contain a lost revenue adjustment 
mechanism (LRAM) 

End-use efficiency 
and demand 

IF-EU-420a.2 

Percentage of electric load served by 
smart grid technology 

Nuclear safety 
and emergency 
management 

Grid Resiliency 

IF-EU-420a.3 

Customer electricity savings from 
efficiency measures, by market 

IF-EU-540a.1 

IF-EU-520a.2 

IF-EU-550a.1 

IF-EU-550a.2 

Total number of nuclear power units, 
broken down by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission (NRC) Action Matrix Column 
Description of efforts to manage nuclear 
safety and emergency preparedness 
Number of incidents of non-compliance 
with physical and/or cybersecurity 
standards or regulations 
(1) System Average Interruption Duration 
Index (SAIDI), (2) System Average 
Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), and 
(3) Customer Average Interruption 
Duration Index (CAIDI), inclusive of major 
event days 

Section 

Not applicable. Atlantica does not 
sell energy to retail customers 

Not applicable. Atlantica does not 
sell energy to retail customers 

Not applicable. Atlantica does not 
sell energy to retail customers 

Occupational health and safety 
(Strategic Report; Social 
Sustainability) 

Not Applicable. Atlantica does not 
sell electricity to retail customers. 
Atlantica does not sell electricity 
under rate base note. Atlantica 
does not do distribution, it does 
not use smart grid technology 
Not Applicable. Atlantica does not 
sell electricity to retail customers. 
Atlantica does not sell electricity 
under rate base note. Atlantica 
does not do distribution, it does 
not use smart grid technology 
Not Applicable. Atlantica does not 
sell electricity to retail customers. 
Atlantica does not sell electricity 
under rate base note. Atlantica 
does not do distribution, it does 
not use smart grid technology 

Not applicable. Atlantica does not 
have any nuclear asset 

Not applicable. Atlantica does not 
have any nuclear asset 

Not applicable 

Not applicable 

2) 

Activity Metrics of the Electric Utilities and Power Generation. 

Activity metric 
Number of: (1) residential, (2) 
commercial, and (3) industrial 
customers served 

SASB code 

Section 

IF-EU-000.A 

We have a total of 47 offtakers 

275 

 
 
 
Activity metric 

SASB code 

Section 

Total electricity delivered to: (1) 
residential, (2) commercial, (3) 
industrial, (4) all other retail customers, 
and (5) wholesale customers 

The electricity we produce is not delivered to 
final customers. We deliver electricity to utilities 
(for example APS and PG&E) and to the grid in 
Spain, where payments are regulated. For 
additional information we refer to: 

IF-EU-000.B 

Our Sustainable Business Model and Strategy 
(Strategic Report) 

A Fair Review of the Business (Strategic Report) 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Strategic Report; 
Environmental Sustainability): Energy 
management 

Length of transmission and distribution 
lines 

IF-EU-000.C 

Atlantica in Two Minutes (Strategic Report) 

A Fair Review of the Business (Strategic Report) 

Total electricity generated, percentage 
by major energy source, percentage in 
regulated markets 

IF-EU-000.D 

A Fair Review of the Business (Strategic Report) 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Strategic Report; 
Environmental Sustainability): Energy 
Management 

Form 20-F submitted to the U.S. Securities 
Exchange Commission  

Total wholesale electricity purchased 

IF-EU-000.E 

Not Applicable 

Applicable  Sustainability  Disclosure  Topics  and  Accounting  Metrics  from  Solar 

3) 
Technology Developers (Version 2018-10). 

Topic 

SASB code 

Accounting metric 

Water 
Management in 
Manufacturing 

Hazardous Waste 
Management 

RR-ST-140a.1 

(1) Total water withdrawn, (2) total water 
consumed, percentage of each in regions with 
High or Extremely High Baseline Water Stress 

RR-ST-140a.2 

Description of water management risks and 
discussion of strategies and practices to 
mitigate those risks 

RR-ST-150a.1 

Amount of hazardous waste generated 
percentage recycled 

RR-ST-150a.2 

Number and aggregate quantity of reportable 
spills, quantity recovered 

Section 

Water Management 
(Strategic Report; 
Environmental 
Sustainability) 
Water Management 
(Strategic Report; 
Environmental 
Sustainability) 
Waste Management 
(Strategic Report; 
Environmental 
Sustainability) 
Waste Management 
(Strategic Report; 
Environmental 
Sustainability) 

276 

 
 
 
 
 
Environmental, Social and Other Key Performance Indicators 

Atlantica’s GHG emission rate per 
unit of energy generated vs. Fossil 
Fuel-Based Generation GHG 
emission rate per unit of energy 
generated Ratio 

Scopes 1 and 2 GHG Emissions Rate 
per Unit of Energy Generated 

gCO2/kWh 

168 

185 

188 

Electricity-related emissions factor 
(AVERT) 

gCO2/kWh 

709 

Portfolio 

Targets 

Key Performance Indicators 

Renewable Energy 

Efficient natural gas 

District heating 

Transmission lines 

Water desalination 

Units 
MW 

MW 

MWt 

miles 

M ft3 

Number of assets 
GHG reduction objective approved by the Science 
Based Target (SBTi)(1) 
Maintain over 80% of Adjusted EBITDA generated 
from low-carbon footprint assets 

# 

Revenue 

Adjusted EBITDA 

Cash Available for Distribution 
(CAFD) 

Dividends per share paid 

Environmental Dimension 

Installed Capacity in Generation 
Assets, MW 

Renewable Energy  

Efficient Natural Gas and Heat 

GHG Emissions Avoided 

Total Atlantica 

$ in 
millions 

$ in 
millions 

$ in 
millions 

amount in 
dollars 

MW 

MW 
Million 
Tonnes of 
CO2 

GHG Emissions Generated by Source 

Efficient natural gas 

GHG Emissions by Scope Including 
Offset GHG emissions 

GHG Emissions Breakdown by Scope 

Others 

Scope 1 

Scope 2 

Scope 3 

Total 

Scope 1 

Scope 2 

Scope 3 

Total 

ISO 14064-1 Category 3 
GHG Protocol Category 3, 4, 6 and 7 

ISO 14064-1 Category 4 
GHG Protocol Category 1, 2, 5 and 8 

ISO 14064-1 Category 5 
GHG Protocol Category 15 

GHG Scope 1 Emissions by Gas: 

Indirect GHG Emissions from 
transportation  
Indirect GHG Emissions from 
products used by the organisation 
Indirect GHG Emissions associated 
with the use of products from the 
organisation 

Total 

277 

% 

% 
000´s 
tonnes of 
CO2e 
000´s 
tonnes of 
CO2e 
000´s 
tonnes of 
CO2e 
000´s 
tonnes of 
CO2e 
000´s 
tonnes of 
CO2e 
000´s 
tonnes of 
CO2e 
000´s 
tonnes of 
CO2e 
000´s 
tonnes of 
CO2e 
000´s  
tonnes of 
CO2e 
000´s 
tonnes of 
CO2e 
000´s 
tonnes of 
CO2e 
000´s 
tonnes of 
CO2e 

2022 
2,161 

343 

55 

1,229 

17.5 

41 





2021 
2,044 

343 

55 

1,166 

17.5 

38 

 



2020 
1,551 

343 

- 

1,166 

17.5 

27 

- 



1,102 

1,212 

1,013 

797 

238 

1.77 

84% 

16% 

6.9 

824 

226 

796 

201 

1.72 

1.66 

84% 

16% 

5.9 

82% 

18% 

5.4 

709 

75% 

25% 

709 

86% 

14% 

1,535 

1,537 

237 

798 

199 

821 

71% 

29% 

1,524 

249 

814 

2,587 

2,570 

2,557 

1,844 

1,795 

1,737 

249 

814 

237 

798 

199 

821 

2,907 

2,830 

2,757 

636 

636 

79 

99 

69 

93 

814 

798 

- 

- 

- 

- 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Fuel Consumption (Stationary) 

Fuel Consumption (Mobile) 

Fugitive Emissions 

Geothermal Steam 

GHG Emissions Scope 1 (Tonnes) 
CO2e) 

GHG Scope 2 Emissions by Gas  
Electricity Consumption 

Volatile Organic Compounds (COV), 
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP), 
Particulate Matter (PM) 

NOx, SO2 and CO Emissions  

Energy Consumption and 
Generation 

Units 
Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 
Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

GWh 

GWh 

GWh 

GWh 

GWh 

GWh 

GWh 

GWh 

GJ 

GJ 

GJ 

GJ 

GJ 

GJ 

GJ 

2022 
1,500,873 

2021 
1,532,246 

2020 
1,725,666 

27 
3 

27 

3 

31 

3 

1,502,347 

1,533,739 

1,727,345 

2,351 

0.1 

0.2 

2,407 

- 

308 

- 

8,637 

330,779 

- 

- 

1,692 

0.1 

0.1 

1,725 

- 

312 

- 

8,742 

250,530 

- 

- 

330,779 

250,530 

699 

1 

- 

763 

- 

313 

- 

8,758 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,834,003 

1,784,467 

1,726,365 

335 

3 

9,512 

758 

9,641 

859 

1,844,170 
249,228 

1,794,737 
236,711 

1,736,866 
199,127 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

249,228 

236,711 

199,127 

192.0 

50.3 

4.1 

546.7 

15.1 

6.5 

1.6 

569.9 

- 

0.6 

0.3 

- 

0.9 

192.0 

50.4 

3.4 

493.8 

15.4 

8.4 

1.2 

518.9 

- 

0.6 

0.4 

- 

1.0 

333.2 

328.1 

5.9 

2.5 

9.5 

351.2 

7,328 

569 

474 

8,371 

7,818 

4,616 

6.0 

3.3 

7.3 

344.7 

7,543 

537 

296 

8,376 

6,889 

4,092 

192.0 

56.6 

0.8 

534.8 

15.2 

- 

- 

550.0 

- 

0.6 

- 

- 

0.6 

385.1 

4.6 

- 

- 

389.7 

8,545 

448 

294 

9,287 

5,815 

4,463 

12,434 

10,981 

10,278 

(4,063) 

(2,605) 

(991) 

26,382,560 

27,154,122 

 30,762,477 

2,047,646 

1,934,588 

1,613,834 

1,706,458 

1,065,636 

1,056,989 

30,136,664 

30,154,346 

33,433,299 

28,143,208 

24,802,161 

20,944,589 

16,617,490 

14,732,304 

16,068,100 

44,760,698 

39,534,464 

37,012,689 

CO2 

CH4 

N2O 

CO2e 

CO2 

CH4 

N2O 

CO2e 

CO2 

CH4 

N2O 

CO2e 

CO2 

CH4 

N2O 

CO2e 

CO2 

CH4 

N2O 

CO2e 
CO2 

CH4 

N2O 

CO2e 

COV 

HAP 

PM 

Mexico NOx 

Spain NOx 

Algeria 

Canada NOx 

Total NOx 

Mexico SO2 

Spain SO2 

Algeria 

Canada SO2 

Total SO2 

Mexico CO 

Spain CO 

Algeria 

Canada CO 

Total CO 

Consumption of fuel 

Consumption of purchased 
electricity for own use 

Consumption of self-generated 
renewable energy 

Total Energy Consumption 

Electricity generation 

Thermal energy generated 

Total Energy Generated 

Total energy consumption within 
the organisation 

Consumption of fuel 

Consumption of purchased 
electricity for own use 

Consumption of self-generated 
renewable energy 

Total Energy Consumption 

Electricity generation 

Thermal energy generated 

Total Net Energy Generated 

278 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Energy Intensity Ratio 

Total energy consumption within 
the organisation 

Energy Intensity Ratio from non-
renewable assets 

Water Withdrawal  

m3 water withdrawal  

Available Water Not Used  

Water Withdrawal by Sources of 
Water 

Ground Water m3 water withdrawal  

million m3 

Surface Water m3 water withdrawal  

Million m3 

11.9 

Public Network m3 water withdrawal  Million m3 

Units 

2022 

2021 

2020 

GJ 

(14,624,033) 

(9,380,119) 

(3,579,390) 

m3 

% 

million m3 

m3 / MWh 

m3 / MWh 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

million m3 

0.33 

17.7 

44% 

5.8 

- 

2.2 

1.42 

0.17 

6.3 

5.8 

5.6 

- 

17.7 

1.9 

0.2 

- 

- 

2.1 

4.4 

5.6 

5.6 

- 

15.6 

280.1 

123.3 

0.24 

17.3 

43% 

5.5 

11.8 

- 

2.3 

1.58 

0.21 

6.9 

5.5 

4.9 

- 

17.3 

2.2 

0.2 

- 

- 

2.3 

4.7 

5.4 

4.9 

- 

15.0 

284.7 

115.7 

0.09 

16.0 

51% 

5.6 

10.4 

- 

2.1 

1.56 

0.21 

5.1 

5.6 

5.3 

- 

16.0 

2 

0.2 

- 

- 

2.2 

3.1 

5.4 

5.3 

- 

13.8 

211.0 

92.3 

million m3 

156.8 

169.0 

118.7 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

% 

% 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

% 

% 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

Tonnes 

23,142 

1,908 

61% 

39% 

101 

131 

935 

1,167 

11 

251 

479 

741 

1,647 

261 

1,908 

64% 

36% 

2,678 

1,475 

10,721 

14,874 

- 

7,837 

431 

8,268 

22,306 

836 

23,142 

22,238 

2,664 

30% 

70% 

47 

36 

718 

800 

1 

349 

1,515 

1,864 

2,156 

508 

2,664 

72% 

28% 

2,769 

2,266 

11,005 

16,039 

- 

6,124 

74 

6,198 

20,469 

1,768 

22,237 

20,532 

2,679 

51% 

49% 

69 

2 

1,408 

1,478 

- 

461 

739 

1,201 

- 

- 

- 

61% 

39% 

1,997 

3,886 

6,679 

12,562 

- 

7,971 

- 

7,971 

- 

- 

- 

Water Discharges 

Water discharges 

Water Withdrawal and Discharges 
per MWh 

Withdrawal by Water Source 

Discharge by Water Source 

Consumption by Water Source (All 
Areas) 

Water Withdrawal, Desalinated 
Potable Water  
Production and Discharges  

Tonnes of Hazardous and Non-
Hazardous Waste 

Hazardous Waste 

Hazardous Waste Diverted from 
Disposal  

Hazardous Waste Directed to 
Disposal 

Breakdown of Hazardous Waste by 
Composition 

Non-Hazardous Waste 

Non-hazardous Waste Diverted 
from Disposal 

Non-hazardous Waste Directed to 
Disposal 

Breakdown of Non-hazardous 
Waste by Composition 

Withdrawal 

Discharges 

Surface water 

Groundwater 

Third-party water 

Produced water 

Total power generation 

Surface water 

Groundwater 

Third-party water 

Produced water 

Total power generation 

Surface water 

Groundwater 

Third-party water 

Produced water 

Total power generation 

Water (seawater) withdrawal 

Desalinated potable water 
production  

Water discharges (returned to the 
sea) 

Non-Hazardous Waste 

Hazardous Waste 

Reused or recycled 

Disposed of in Landfills 

Preparation for reuse 

Recycling 

Other Recovery Operations 

Total 

Incineration 

Landfill 

Other Disposal Operations 

Total 

Waste linked to solar assets 

Other waste 

Total 

Reused or recycled 

Disposed of in Landfills 

Preparation for reuse 

Recycling 

Other Recovery Operations 

Total 

Incineration 

Landfill 

Other Disposal Operations 

Total 

Waste linked to solar assets 

Other waste 

Total 

279 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
Number of accidents by category, 
severity 

Moderate 

High 

Number of Spills 

Fines and Penalties 

Units 
# 

# 

Litres 

USD ‘000S 

2022 
8 

0 

4,146 

1 

2021 
9 

1 

2,829 

7 

2020 
7 

2 

31,559 

65 

Supply Chain Management 

Suppliers Assessments 

Internal pre-screening evaluation of 
new suppliers 

External supplier evaluation as a 
percentage of total annual 
operating expenses 

People And Culture 

Number of Employees per 
Geography 

Employees by Employment Type 
and by Contract Type55 

North America 

South America 

EMEA 

Corporate 

Total 

Full-Time 

Part-time 

Indefinite 

Temporary 

Indefinite 

Temporary 

Number of Employees by Level 

Management  

Number of Employees by Age 

Middle Management 

Engineers and Graduates 

Assistants and professionals 

Asset Operations Employees 

Total 

Less than 30  

31-40 

41-50 

Over 51 

55 Corporate employees included in EMEA in 2020. 

280 

% 

% 

# 

# 
# 

# 

# 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Male 

Female 

Total 

North 
America 

South 
America 

EMEA 

Corporate 

Total 

North 
America 

South 
America 

EMEA 

Corporate 

Total 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

100 

100 

100 

~45 

>51 

>51 

312 

93 

443 

130 

978 

785 

193 

978 

- 

- 

- 

743 

182 

925 

42 

11 

53 

311 

60 

429 

125 

925 

1 

33 

14 

5 

53 

13 

133 

264 

49 

519 

978 

117 

35 

321 

82 

217 

60 

130 

16 

308 

68 

67 

115 

558 

417 

141 

558 

- 

- 

- 

399 

132 

531 

18 

9 

27 

308 

51 

63 

109 

531 

- 

17 

4 

6 

27 

13 

88 

178 

34 

245 

558 

64 

26 

158 

59 

111 

43 

84 

13 

243 

51 

55 

107 

456 

333 

123 

456 

- 

- 

- 

329 

114 

443 

4 

9 

13 

243 

41 

159 

- 

443 

- 

10 

3 

- 

13 

14 

73 

150 

23 

196 

456 

50 

24 

126 

48 

90 

41 

67 

10 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
Units 
# 

2022 
978 

2021 
558 

2020 
456 

Average number of employees by 
geography 

Average number of employees by 
category 

Total  

North America 

South America 

EMEA 

Corporate 

Total 

Management  

Middle Management 

Engineers and Graduates 

Assistants and professionals 

Asset Operations Employees 

Total 

Average Number of employees by 
gender 

Average number of employees by 
gender 

Promoted employees by gender 

Parental leave 

Share of women by geography 

Share of women by level 

Share of women in all 
management positions, 
including junior, middle and 
top management 

Total 

Women at Atlantica 

Total 

 Total 

North America 

South America 

EMEA 

Corporate 

Asset operation employees 

Assistants and professionals 

Engineers and graduates 

Middle management 

Management 

As % of total management 
positions 

Share of women in junior 
and middle management positions 

As % of total junior and middle 
management positions 

Share of women in management 
positions in revenue-generating 
functions 

Share of women in STEM-related 
positions 

Share of entry level positions held 
by women 

Share of information technology 
workforce held by women 

Share of engineering workforce 
held by women 
Estimated people with disability 
considering available information 
Employee Turnover Rate 

Employee voluntary turnover rate 

Employee turnover rate without U.S. 

Employee involuntary turnover rate 

Employee total turnover rate 

# 
# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

Male 

Female 

# 

% 

Male 

Female 

# 

Male 

Female 

# 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

Employee Turnover 

<30 

31-40 

41-50 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

281 

306 

87 

360 

121 

874 

13 

132 

234 

46 

449 

874 

696 

178 

874 

20% 

27 

7 

34 

28 

8 

36 

13% 

26% 

17% 

41% 

6% 

71% 

37% 

18% 

23% 

18% 

296 

61 

61 

109 

527 

13 

85 

162 

27 

240 

527 

396 

131 

527 

237 

46 

54 

104 

441 

14 

73 

142 

21 

191 

441 

325 

116 

441 

25% 

27% 

44 

6 

50 

19 

11 

30 

14% 

31% 

40% 

44% 

5% 

76% 

43% 

26% 

23% 

15 

8 

23 

14 

7 

21 

16% 

33% 

42% 

42% 

8% 

91% 

43% 

27% 

21% 

26% 

26% 

18% 

26% 

29% 

17% 

29% 

23% 

8% 

44% 

7% 

8% 

24% 

58% 

8% 

26% 

23% 

58% 

11% 

27% 

0.3% 

0.4% 

0.4% 

12.8% 

11.0% 

7.5% 

9.7% 

5.9% 

2.7% 

9.4% 

22.2% 

38 

10 

58 

14 

44 

5.9% 

2.9% 

16.9% 

10.1% 

13 

2 

25 

7 

13 

11 

3 

10 

2 

7 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
Employees hired 

>51 

 Total 

North America 

South America 

EMEA 

Corporate 

Total 

<30 

31-40 

41-50 

>51 

 Total 

North America 

South America 

EMEA 

Corporate 

Total 

Percentage of open positions filled by internal candidates 

Total Training hours 

Management 

Total Average Hours of Training per 
Employee 

Middle Management 

Engineers and Graduates 

Assistants and Professionals 

Asset Operations Employees 

Total 

Management 

Middle Management 

Engineers and Graduates 

Assistants and Professionals 

Asset Operations Employees 

Total 

Average amount spent per employee on training and development 

Gender Pay Gap 

Management 

Middle Management 

Senior Engineers and Graduates 

Engineers and Graduates 

Assistants and Professionals 

Asset Operation Employees 

282 

Units 
Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

Male 

Female 

% 

Hours 

Hours 

Hours 

Hours 

Hours 

Hours 

Hours 

Hours 

Hours 

Hours 

Hours 

Hours 
In 
thousands 
of USD 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

% 

2022 
3 

25 

2 

165 

29 

62 

8 

11 

8 

86 

7 

6 

6 

165 

29 

57 

19 

63 

14 

34 

5 

12 

- 

166 

38 

64 

8 

33 

11 

52 

11 

17 

8 

166 

38 

28% 

321 

3,724 

10,740 

1,189 

11,548 

27,521 

27 

31 

40 

26 

23 

29 

0.4 

18% 

16% 

7% 

10% 

(14%) 

29% 

2021 
6 

2020 
4 

18 

5 

69 

20 

54 

13 

6 

2 

2 

- 

7 

5 

69 

20 

21 

9 

36 

12 

14 

6 

7 

1 

78 

28 

44 

9 

15 

4 

10 

4 

9 

11 

78 

28 

25% 

170 

2,689 

9,281 

413 

6,846 

9 

- 

37 

9 

31 

3 

- 

- 

2 

1 

4 

5 

37 

9 

18 

11 

20 

5 

12 

3 

8 

1 

58 

20 

37 

8 

3 

5 

9 

- 

9 

7 

58 

20 

24% 

558 

2,636 

3,740 

321 

7,202 

19,399 

14,457 

13 

32 

57 

15 

29 

37 

0.9 

18% 

29% 

15% 

8% 

(8%) 

10% 

40 

36 

26 

13 

38 

33 

0.8 

23% 

29% 

14% 

6% 

(33%) 

6% 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
Type of Philanthropic Activities 

Philanthropic Contributions 

Total 

Charitable donations 

Community Investments 

Commercial Initiatives 

Total 

Cash contributions 

Time: employee volunteering 
during paid working hours 
In-kind giving: product or services 
donations, projects/partnerships or 
similar 

Total 

Health and Safety 

Total Lost Time Frequency Index 
(LTFI) 

Employees 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Lost Time Frequency Index (LTFI) 
from our Assets in Operation 

Employees 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Lost Time Frequency Index (LTFI) 
from our Assets under Construction 

Employees 

Total Lost Time Injury Rate (LTIR) 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Employees 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Lost Time Injury Rate (LTIR) from 
our Assets in Operation 

Employees 

Lost Time Injury Rate (LTIR) from 
our Assets under Construction 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Employees 

283 

Units 

% 

% of total 
cost 
% of total 
cost 
% of total 
cost 
% 
In millions 
of USD 
In millions 
of USD 
In millions 
of USD 

In millions 
of USD 

per million 
of hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per 
million of 
hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per 
million of 
hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per 
million of 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 

2022 

13% 

3% 

97% 

- 

2021 

26% 

2% 

98% 

- 

2020 

30% 

16% 

84% 

- 

100% 

100% 

100% 

1.1 

- 

0.4 

1.5 

1.0 

4.2 

1.0 

- 

0.3 

1.3 

1.9 

2.4 

1.0 

- 

0.2 

1.2 

0.0 

2.0 

2.9 

2.3 

1.4 

0.5 

2.1 

1.9 

2.4 

0.0 

2.0 

1.4 

2.3 

1.4 

8.0 

14.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

13.1 

0.0 

0.0 

0.2 

0.8 

0.6 

0.1 

0.4 

0.3 

1.6 

0.4 

0.5 

0.5 

0.4 

0.5 

0.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.4 

0.3 

0.0 

0.4 

0.3 

0.0 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
Subcontractors 

Total 

Lost Time Frequency Index (LTIR) 
sector average vs. Atlantica 

Sector Average  

Atlantica  

Total Recordable Frequency Index 
(TRFI) 

Employees 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Total Recordable Frequency Index 
(TRFI) from our assets in operation 

Employees 

Total Recordable Frequency Index 
(TRFI) from our assets under 
construction 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Employees 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Total Recordable Incident Rate 
(TRIR) 

Employees 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Total Recordable Incident Rate 
(TRIR) from our assets in operation 

Employees 

Total Recordable Incident Rate 
(TRIR) from our assets under 
construction 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Employees 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Total Recordable Frequency Index 
(TRFI) sector average vs. Atlantica 

Sector Average  

284 

Units 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per 
million of 
hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per 
million of 
hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per 
million of 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 

2022 

2021 

2020 

2.9 

2.6 

4.3 

2.9 

3.0 

6.3 

0.0 

0.0 

3.3 

2.3 

5.6 

6.2 

0.0 

0.0 

5.5 

1.4 

0.9 

6.8 

5.0 

6.0 

5.0 

2.7 

4.7 

5.6 

6.2 

0.9 

6.8 

3.8 

6.0 

5.0 

8.0 

14.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

13.1 

0.0 

0.0 

0.6 

1.3 

1.1 

1.2 

0.2 

1.4 

1.0 

1.2 

1.0 

0.5 

0.9 

1.1 

1.2 

0.2 

1.4 

1.0 

1.2 

1.0 

1.6 

2.9 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

2.6 

0.0 

0.0 

10.7 

7.5 

13 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Units 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per million 
of hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 
per 200k 
hours 
worked 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

# 

% 

% 

% 

% 

2022 

2021 

2020 

5.0 

6 

5.0 

1,198 

1,540 

1,200 

14.1 

4.1 

0 

23.3 

19.2 

34.1 

19.5 

15.2 

23.9 

14.6 

4.1 

0.0 

21.0 

19.2 

34.1 

18.2 

15.2 

23.9 

8.0 

34.3 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

28.9 

0.0 

0.0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

 

66 

 

22 

22 

50 

 

 

 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

 

63 

 

25 

25 

50 

 

 

 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

 

63 

 

25 

25 

50 

 

 

 

Total Recordable Deviations Index 
(TRDI) 

Lost-day rate (LDR) 

Atlantica  

Employees 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Lost-day rate (LDR) 
From our assets in operations 

Employees 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Lost-day rate (LDR) 
From our assets under construction 

Employees 

Fatality Rate 

Serious Accidents 

Governance 

ESG Reporting 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Employees 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Employees 

Subcontractors 

Total 

Only one class of shares. No Special 
rights 

% of independent directors 

Board committees only comprised 
of independent members 

Ethnic minorities at Board level 

Women at Board level 

Board committees chaired by 
women 

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) 

Sustainability Accounting Standards 
Board (SASB) (utilities + solar) 

Task Force on Climate Change 
Financial Disclosure (TCFD) 

285 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forward-Looking Statements 

This annual report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities 
Litigation  Reform  Act  of  1995.  Any  statements  that  express,  or  involve  discussions  as  to, 
expectations,  beliefs,  plans,  objectives,  assumptions,  strategies,  future  events  or  performance 
(often, but not always, through the use of words or phrases such as may result, are expected to, 
will  continue,  is  anticipated,  likely  to,  believe,  will,  could,  should,  would,  estimated,  may,  plan, 
potential,  future,  projection,  goals,  target,  outlook,  predict,  aim  and  intend  or  words  of  similar 
meaning) are not statements of historical facts and may be forward looking. Such statements occur 
throughout  this  annual  report  and  include  statements  with  respect  to  our  expected  trends  and 
outlook, potential market and currency fluctuations, occurrence and effects of certain trigger and 
conversion  events,  our  capital  requirements,  changes  in  market  price  of  our  shares,  future 
regulatory requirements, the ability to identify and/or make future investments and acquisitions on 
favourable terms, ability to capture growth opportunities, reputational risks, divergence of interests 
between  our  company  and  that  of  our  largest  shareholder,  tax  and  insurance  implications,  and 
more. Forward-looking statements involve estimates, assumptions and uncertainties. Accordingly, 
any  such  statements  are  qualified  in  their  entirety  by  reference  to,  and  are  accompanied  by, 
important factors included in Part I, of Item 3.D. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on form 20-F 
filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023 (in addition to any assumptions and other factors referred to 
specifically  in  connection  with  such  forward-looking  statements)  that  could  have  a  significant 
impact on our operations and financial results, and could cause our actual results, performance or 
achievements, to differ materially from the future results, performance or achievements expressed 
or  implied  in  forward-looking  statements  made by  us or  on our  behalf  in  this  annual report,  in 
presentations,  on  our  website,  in  response  to  questions  or  otherwise.  These  forward-looking 
statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to: 

•  The  condition  of,  and  changes  in,  the  debt  and  equity  capital  markets  and  other  traditional 
liquidity sources and our ability to borrow additional funds, refinance existing debt and access 
capital markets, as well as our substantial indebtedness and the possibility that we may incur 
additional indebtedness going forward; 

•  the  ability  of  our  counterparties,  including  Pemex,  to  satisfy  their  financial  commitments  or 

business obligations and our ability to seek new counterparties in a competitive market; 

•  government  regulation,  including  compliance  with  regulatory  and  permit  requirements  and 
changes  in  market  rules,  rates,  tariffs,  environmental  laws  and  policies  affecting  renewable 
energy, including the IRA and recent changes in regulation defining the remuneration of our 
solar assets in Spain; 

•  potential regulatory changes in Spain in relation to the proposed remuneration parameters for 
the year 2023 to be applicable to our solar assets in Spain published on December 28, 2022 in 
draft form and which are subject to final publication; 

•  changes in tax laws and regulations, including new taxes recently announced in Italy, Spain and 

the U.K.; 

•  risks relating to our activities in areas subject to economic, social and political uncertainties; 

286 

 
 
•  global recession risks, volatility in the financial markets, a persistent inflationary environment, 
increases  in  interest  rates  and  supply  chain  issues,  and  the  related  increases  in  prices  of 
materials, labour, services and other costs and expenses required to operate our business; 
•  risks related to our ability to capture growth opportunities, develop, build and complete projects 
in  time  and  within  budget,  including  construction  risks  and  risks  associated  with  the 
arrangements with our joint venture partners; 

•  our  ability  to  grow  organically  and  inorganically,  which  depends  on  our  ability  to  identify 
finance  such 

attractive  development  opportunities,  attractive  potential  acquisitions, 
opportunities and make new investments and acquisitions on favourable terms; 

•  risks relating to new assets and businesses which have a higher risk profile and our ability to 

transition these successfully; 

•  potential  environmental liabilities  and  the cost and  conditions  of  compliance  with applicable 

environmental laws and regulations; 

•  risks related to our reliance on third-party contractors or suppliers, including issues with our 
O&M  suppliers  and  their  employees,  among  others,  resulting  from  disagreements  with 
subcontractors; 

•  risks  related  to  disagreements  and  disputes  with  our  employees,  a  union  and  employees 

represented by a union; 

•  risks related to our ability to maintain appropriate insurance over our assets; 
•  risks  related  to  our  facilities  not  performing  as  expected,  unplanned  outages,  higher  than 
expected operating costs and/ or capital expenditures, including as a result of interruptions or 
disruptions caused by supply chain issues and trade restrictions; 

•  risks related to our exposure in the labour market; 
•  risks related to extreme and chronic weather events related to climate change could damage 
our  assets  or  result  in  significant  liabilities  and  cause  an  increase  in  our  operation  and 
maintenance costs; 

•  the  effects  of  litigation  and  other  legal  proceedings  (including  bankruptcy)  against  us  our 

subsidiaries, our assets and our employees; 

•  price fluctuations, revocation and termination provisions in our off-take agreements and PPAs; 
•  risks related to information technology systems and cyber-attacks could significantly impact our 

operations and business; 

•  our electricity generation, our projections thereof and factors affecting production; 
•  risks  related  to  our  current  or  previous  relationship  with  Abengoa,  our  former  largest 
shareholder and currently one of our O&M suppliers, including bankruptcy and reputational risk 
and particularly the potential impact of Abengoa’s insolvency filing and liquidation process, as 
well as litigation risk; 

•  the termination of certain O&M agreements with Abengoa and performing the O&M services 
directly and the successful integration of the O&M employees where the services thereunder 
have been recently replaced and internalised; 

•  our guidance targets or expectations with respect to Adjusted EBITDA derived from low-carbon 

footprint assets; 

•  risks  related  to  our  relationship  with  our  shareholders,  including  Algonquin,  our  major 

shareholder; 

287 

 
 
•  the process to explore and evaluate potential strategic alternatives, including the risk that this 
process may not lead to the approval or completion of any transaction or other strategic change; 
•  potential impact of the continuance of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and our off-

takers’, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows; 

•  reputational and financial damage caused by our off-takers PG&E, Pemex and Eskom; 
•  our plans relating to our financings, including refinancing plans; 
•  risks related to Russian military actions in Ukraine and across global geopolitical tensions; and 
•  other factors discussed under “Risk Factors”. 
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and 
we  undertake  no  obligation  to  update  any  forward-looking  statement  to  reflect  events  or 
circumstances,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  unanticipated  events,  after  the  date  on  which  such 
statement is made, unless otherwise required by law. New factors emerge from time to time and it 
is not possible for management to predict all of these factors, nor can it assess the impact of each 
of these factors on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may 
cause actual results to differ materially from those contained or implied in any forward-looking 
statement. 

288 

 
 
 
 
Independent Auditor’s Report 

INDEPENDENT  AUDITOR’S  REPORT  TO  THE  MEMBERS  OF  ATLANTICA  SUSTAINABLE 
INFRASTRUCTURE PLC 

Opinion 

In our opinion: 

•  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc’s  Group  financial  statements  and  parent  company 
financial statements (the “financial statements”) give a true and fair view of the state of the 
Group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 2022 and of the Group’s loss 
for the year then ended; 

•  the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK adopted 

International Accounting Standards;   

•  the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with 

United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and 

•  the  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the 

Companies Act 2006. 

We have audited the financial statements of Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc (the ‘parent 
company’)  and  its  subsidiaries  (the  ‘Group’)  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2022  which 
comprise: 

Group 

Parent company 

Consolidated balance sheet as at 31 December 
2022 

Balance sheet as at 31 December 

2022 

Consolidated income statement for the year then 
ended 

Statement of changes in equity for 
the year then ended 

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 
for the year then ended 

Related notes 1 to 10 to the financial 
statements including a summary of 
significant accounting policies 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity for 
the year then ended 

Consolidated statement of cash flows for the year 
then ended 

Related notes 1 to 27 to the financial statements, 
including a summary of significant accounting 
policies 

289 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

Consolidated Income Statement 

      Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars 

Note (1) 

For the year ended December 31, 

Revenue 
Other operating income 
Employee benefit expenses 
Depreciation, amortization, and impairment charges 
Other operating expenses 

Operating profit 

Financial income 
Financial expense 
Net exchange differences 
Other financial income, net 

Financial expense, net 

4 
20 
24 
6 
20 

21 
21 
21 
21 

2022 
1,102,029 
80,782 
(80,232) 
(473,638) 
(351,248) 

2021 

1,211,749 
74,670 
(78,758) 
(439,441) 
(414,330) 

277,693 

353,890 

5,569 
(333,263) 
10,257 
6,503 

2,755 
(361,270) 
1,873 
15,750 

(310,934) 

(340,892) 

Share of profit of entities carried under the equity method 

7 

21,465 

12,304 

Profit/(loss) before income tax 

(11,776) 

25,302 

Income tax (expense)/income 

18 

9,689 

(36,220)  

Profit/(loss) for the year 

(2,087) 

(10,918) 

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests 

(3,356) 

(19,162) 

Profit/(loss) for the year attributable to owners of the 
Company 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding 
(thousands) – basic 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding 
(thousands) – diluted 
Basic earnings per share (U.S. dollar per share) 
Diluted earnings per share (U.S. dollar per share) (*) 

22 

22 

22 
22 

(5,443) 

(30,080) 

114,695 

111,008 

118,501 

114,523 

(0.05) 
(0.05) 

(0.27) 
(0.27) 

(*)  The  potential  ordinary  shares  related  to  the  Green  Exchangeable  Notes  and  the  ATM  program  have  not  been 
considered in the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the years 2022 and 2021 as they have an antidilutive effect 
(Note 22). 
(1) Notes 1 to 27 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements  

303 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income 

Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars 

Note (1) 

Year 
Ended 
December 
31, 2022 

Year 
Ended 
December 
31, 2021 

Loss for the year 

(2,087) 

(10,918) 

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to 
profit or loss: 

Change in fair value of cash flow hedges 
Less: reclassification adjustments for gains transferred 
to profit or loss 

218,737 

9 

38,187 

33,846 

58,292 

Exchange differences on translation of foreign 

operations 

(33,704) 

(41,956) 

Income tax relating to items that may be reclassified 
subsequently to profit or loss 

(63,952) 

(23,712) 

Other comprehensive income for the year net of 
tax 

159,268 

26,470 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

157,181 

15,552 

Total comprehensive income attributable to: 

Owners of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 

142,568 
14,613 

966 
14,586 

(1) 

Notes 1 to 27 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements 

304 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Consolidated Balance Sheet 

Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars 

Assets 

Non-current assets 

Contracted concessional, PP&E and other intangible assets  

Investments carried under the equity method 

    Other accounts receivable 

    Derivative assets 

Other financial assets 
Deferred tax assets 

Total non-current assets 

Current assets 

Inventories 
Trade and other receivables   

Other financial assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

Equity  

Share capital 
Share premium 
Capital reserves 
Other reserves 
Accumulated currency translation reserve 
Accumulated deficit 

       Equity attributable to the Company 

Non-controlling interests 

Total equity 

Non-current liabilities 

Long-term corporate debt 
Long-term project debt 
Grants and other liabilities 
Derivative liabilities 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Total non-current liabilities 

Current liabilities 

Short-term corporate debt 
Short-term project debt 
Trade payables and other current liabilities 
Income and other tax payables 

Total current liabilities 

Total equity and liabilities 

Note 
(1) 

As of 
December 
31, 2022 

As of 
December 
31, 2021 

6 

7 

8 

9 

8 
18 

11 

8 

12 

13 
13 
13 
9 
  13 
13 
13 

13 

14 
15 
16 
9 
18 

14 
15 
17 

7,483,259 

260,031 

86,431 

89,806 

176,237 
149,656 

8,021,568 

294,581 

85,801 

10,807 

96,608 
172,268 

8,069,183 

8,585,025 

34,511 
200,334 

195,893 

600,990 

29,694 
307,143 

207,379 

622,689 

1,031,728 

1,166,905 

9,100,911 

9,751,930 

11,606 
986,594 
814,951 
345,567 
(161,307) 
(397,540) 
1,599,871 

189,176 
1,789,047 

1,000,503 
4,226,518 
1,252,513 
16,847 
296,481 
6,792,862 

16,697 
326,534 
140,230 
35,541 
519,002 

11,240 
872,011 
1,020,027 
171,272 
(133,450) 
(398,701) 
1,542,399 

206,206 
1,748,605 

995,190 
4,387,674 
1,263,744 
223,453 
308,859 
7,178,920 

27,881 
648,519 
113,907 
34,098 
824,405 

9,100,911 

9,751,930 

1) 

Notes 1 to 27 are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 

305 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc,  company 
registration no. 08818211, were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 28 
February 2023. 

They were signed on its behalf by: 

Director and Chief Executive Officer 

Chief Financial Officer 

Santiago Seage 

February 28, 2023 

Francisco Martinez-Davis 

February 28, 2023

306 

 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of 
January 1, 2022 

Profit/(Loss) for 
the year after taxes 

Change in fair 
value of cash flow 
hedges net of 
transfer to income 
statement 

Currency 
translation 
differences 

Tax effect 

Other 
comprehensive 
income 

Total 
comprehensive 
income 

Capital increase 
(Note 13) 

Business 
Combinations 
(Note 5) 

Share-based 
compensation 
(Note 13) 

Distributions (Note 
13) 

Balance as of 
December 31, 
2022 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Amounts in 
thousands of U.S. 
dollars 

Share 
Capital 

Share 
Premium 

Capital 
Reserves 

Other 
reserves 

Accumulate
d deficit 

Accumulated 
currency 
translation 
differences 

Total equity 
attributable 
to the 
Company 

Non-
controlling 
interest 

Total 
equity 

11,240

872,011 

1,020,027 

171,272 

(133,450)

(398,701) 

1,542,399 

206,206  1,748,605 

- 

235,732 

- 

- 

(5,443) 

(5,443) 

3,356 

(2,087) 

1,573 

237,305 

19,619 

256,924 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(27,857) 

- 

(61,437) 

- 

- 

- 

(27,857) 

(5,847) 

(33,704) 

(61,437) 

(2,515) 

(63,952) 

174,295 

(27,857) 

1,573 

148,011 

11,257 

159,268 

- 

174,295 

(27,857) 

(3,870) 

142,568 

14,613 

157,181 

366 

114,583 

(1,970) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

112,979 

112,979 

- 

14,300 

14,300 

5,031 

5,031 

- 

5,031 

(203,106) 

(203,106) 

(45,943) 

(249,049) 

11,606 

986,594 

814,951 

345,567 

(161,307) 

(397,540) 

1,599,871 

189,176  1,789,047 

307 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Amounts in 
thousands of U.S. 
dollars 

Share 
Capital 

Share 
Premium 

Capital 
Reserves 

Other 
reserves 

Accumulate
d deficit 

Accumulated 
currency 
translation 
differences 

Total 
equity 
attributable 
to the 
Company 

Non-
controlling 
interest 

Total 
equity 

Balance as of 
January 1, 2021 

Profit/(Loss) for the 
year after taxes 

Change in fair value 
of cash flow hedges 
net of transfer to 
income statement 

Currency translation 
differences 

Tax effect 

Other 
comprehensive 
income 

Total comprehensive 
income 

Capital increase (Note 
13) 

Reduction of Share 
Premium (Note 13) 

Business 
Combinations (Note 
5) 

Share-based 
compensation (Note 
13) 

Distributions (Note 
13) 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 

10,667

1,011,743 

881,745 

96,641 

(99,925)   

(373,489) 

1,527,382 

213,499  1,740,881 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

97,421 

- 

- 

(30,080) 

(30,080) 

19,162 

(10,918) 

(10,060) 

87,361 

4,777 

92,138 

- 

(33,525) 

(22,790) 

- 

- 

- 

(33,525) 

(8,431) 

(41,956) 

(22,790) 

(922) 

(23,712) 

74,631 

(33,525) 

(10,060) 

31,046 

(4,576) 

26,470 

- 

74,631 

(33,525) 

(40,140) 

966 

14,586 

15,552 

573 

60,268 

128,920 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(200,000) 

200,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(190,638) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

189,761 

- 

- 

- 

- 

189,761 

- 

8,287 

8,287 

14,928 

14,928 

- 

14,928 

- 

(190,638) 

(30,166) 

(220,804) 

11,240

872,011 

1,020,027 

171,272 

(133,450)

(398,701) 

1,542,399 

206,206  1,748,605 

(1)  Notes 1 to 27 are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 

308 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 

For the year ended  

Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars 

Profit/(loss) for the year 

Note (1) 

2022 

2021 

(2,087) 

(10,918) 

Non-monetary adjustments 

Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges 
Financial expense 
Fair value (gains)/losses on derivative financial instruments 
Shares of (profits)/losses from entities carried under the equity 
method 
Income tax 
Other non-monetary items 

6 
   21 
   21 

7 
18 

473,638 
335,546 
(19,138) 

(21,465) 
(9,689) 
27,996 

439,441 
359,550 
(16,785) 

(12,304) 
36,220 
55,809 

Profit/(loss) for the year adjusted by non-monetary items 

784,801 

851,013 

Changes in working capital 

Inventories 

Trade and other receivables 

Trade payables and other current liabilities 
Other current assets/liabilities 

11 

17 

Changes in working capital 

Income tax paid 
Interest received 
Interest paid 

(6,955) 

99,249 
(6,158) 
(7,331) 

5,215 
48,521 
(25,782) 
(31,081) 

78,805 

(3,127) 

(14,730) 
9,178 
(271,732) 

(51,684) 
2,519 
(293,098) 

Net cash provided by operating activities 

586,322 

505,623 

Acquisitions of subsidiaries and entities under the equity method 
Investments in operating concessional assets  
Investments in assets under development or construction 
Distribution from entities under the equity method  
Other non-current assets 

 5&7 
6 
6 

(50,507) 
(39,107) 
(36,784) 
67,695 
1,265 

(362,449) 
(19,216) 
(7,028) 
34,883 
2,655 

Net cash used in investing activities 

(57,438) 

(351,155) 

Proceeds from project debt 
Proceeds from corporate debt 
Repayment of project debt 
Repayment of corporate debt 
Dividends paid to Company´s shareholders 
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest 
Capital increase 

15 
14 
15 
14 
13 
13 
13 

- 
101,140 
(426,396) 
(80,519) 
(203,106) 
(39,209) 
113,072 

14,560 
429,014 
(418,265) 
(376,154) 
(190,638) 
(28,134) 
189,454 

Net cash used in financing activities 

(535,018) 

(380,163) 

Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

(6,134) 

(225,695) 

                Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year 

12 

Translation differences cash and cash equivalents 

622,689 
(15,565) 

868,501 
(20,117) 

309 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

   12 

600,990 

622,689 

Notes 1 to 27 are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. Reference to such notes is indicated 
(1) 
here to provide with additional information on the nature of some of the lines of the Consolidated cash flow statement.

310 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements  

1.  General information 

Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc  (“Atlantica”  or  the  “Company”),  a Company  registered  in 
England and Wales and incorporated in the United Kingdom (Company registration no. 08818211), 
is a sustainable infrastructure company with a majority of its business in renewable energy assets. 
Atlantica currently owns, manages and invests in renewable energy, storage, efficient natural gas 
and heat, electric transmission lines and water assets focused on North America (the United States, 
Canada and Mexico), South America (Peru, Chile, Colombia and Uruguay) and EMEA (Spain, Italy, 
Algeria and South Africa). 

Atlantica’s shares trade on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “AY”. 

On January 17, 2022, the Company closed the acquisition of Chile TL4, a 63-mile transmission line 
and 2 substations in Chile for a total equity investment of $38.4 million (Note 5). The Company 
expects  to  expand  the  transmission  line  in  2023-2024,  which  would  represent  an  additional 
investment of approximately $8 million. The asset has fully contracted revenues in US dollars, with 
annual inflation adjustments and a 50-year remaining contract life. The off-takers are several mini-
hydro plants that receive contracted or regulated payments. 

On April 4, 2022, the Company closed the acquisition of Italy PV 4, a 3.6 MW solar portfolio in Italy 
for a total equity investment of $3.7 million (Note 5). The asset has regulated revenues under a 
feed in tariff until 2031. 

On September 2, 2022, the Company completed its third investment through its Chilean renewable 
energy  platform  in  a  73  MW  solar  PV  plant,  Chile  PV  3,  located  in  Chile,  for  $7.7  million 
corresponding to a 35% of equity interest (Note 5). The Company expects to install batteries with 
a  capacity  of  approximately  100  MWh  in  2023-2024.  Total  investment  including  batteries  is 
expected to be in the range of $15 million to $25 million depending on the capital structure. Part 
of the asset´s revenue is currently based on capacity payments. Adding storage would increase the 
portion of capacity payments. 

On November 16, 2022, the Company closed the acquisition of a 49% interest, with joint control, 
in  an  80  MW  portfolio  of  solar  PV  projects  in  Chile,  Chile  PMGD,  which  is  currently  starting 
construction. Atlantica´s economic rights are expected to be approximately 70%. Total investment 
in  equity  and  preferred  equity  is  expected  to  be  approximately  $30  million  and  Commercial 
Operation Date (“COD”) is expected to be progressive in 2023 and 2024. Revenue for these assets 
is  regulated  under  the  Small  Distributed  Generation  Means  Regulation  Regime  (“PMGD”)  for 
projects  with  a  capacity  equal  or  lower  than  9MW,  which  allows  to  sell  electricity  through  a 
stabilized price. 

During the year 2021, the Company completed the following investments: 

- 

In 2021, the Company closed the acquisition in two stages of the 85% equity interest in Rioglass 
Solar Holding S.A. (“Rioglass”) that it did not previously own for a total investment of $17.1 
million, resulting in a 100% ownership (Note 5). Rioglass is a supplier of spare parts and services 

311 

 
 
in the solar industry and the Company gained control over the asset in January 2021.  

-  On January 6, 2021, the Company closed its second investment through its Chilean renewable 
energy  platform  in  a  40  MW  solar  PV  plant,  Chile  PV  2,  located  in  Chile,  for  $5.0  million 
corresponding to a 35% of equity interest. 

-  On April 7, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of Coso, a 135 MW geothermal plant in 
the United States with 18-year average contract life PPAs in place. The total equity investment 
was $130 million (Note 5). In addition, on July 15, 2021, the Company repaid $40 million to 
reduce project debt. 

-  On  May 14,  2021,  the  Company  closed  the  acquisition  of  Calgary District  Heating,  a  district 
heating asset in Canada for a total equity investment of $22.9 million (Note 5). The asset has 
availability-based revenue with inflation indexation and 20 years of weighted average contract 
life at the time of the acquisition. 

-  On June 16, 2021, the Company acquired a 49% interest in Vento II, a 596 MW wind portfolio 
in the United States, for a total equity investment net of cash consolidated at the transaction 
date of approximately $180.7 million (Note 7). EDP Renewables owns the remaining 51%. The 
assets have PPAs with investment grade off-takers with a five-year average remaining contract 
life at the time of the investment. 

-  On August 6, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of Italy PV 1 and Italy PV 2, two solar 
PV plants in Italy with a combined capacity of 3.7 MW for a total equity investment of $9 million 
(Note 5). On December 14, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of Italy PV 3, a 2.5 MW 
solar PV portfolio in Italy for a total equity investment of $4 million (Note 5). These assets have 
regulated revenues under a feed in tariff until 2030, 2031 and 2032, respectively. 

-  On November 25, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of La Sierpe, a 20 MW solar PV 
plant in Colombia for a total equity investment of $23.5 million (Note 5). The asset was acquired 
under a Right of First Offer (“ROFO”) agreement with Liberty GES. 

In  addition,  the  following  three  assets  that  the  Company  had  under  construction  during  2022, 
finished construction and reached or are about to reach COD: 

-  Albisu, a 10 MW PV asset wholly owned by the Company reached COD in January 2023. Albisu 
is located in the city of Salto (Uruguay). The asset has a 15-year PPA with Montevideo Refrescos, 
S.R.L, a subsidiary of Coca-Cola Femsa., S.A.B. de C.V. The PPA is denominated in local currency 
with a maximum and minimum price in U.S. dollars and is adjusted monthly based on a formula 
referring  to  U.S.  Producer  Price  Index  (PPI),  Uruguay’s  Consumer  Price  Index  (CPI)  and  the 
applicable UYU/U.S. dollar exchange rate. 

- 

La Tolua and Tierra Linda, two solar PV assets in Colombia with a combined capacity of 30 MW. 
Each  plant  has  a 10-year  PPA  in  local currency  indexed  to  local  inflation with  Coenersa,  the 
largest independent electricity wholesaler in Colombia. Additionally, the Company has recently 
started the construction of three additional PV plants with a total capacity of 30 MW. 

312 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  The following table provides an overview of the main operating assets the Company owned or 
had an interest in as of December 31, 2022: 

Assets 

Type 

Ownership  Location  Currency(9) 

Capacity 
(Gross) 

Counterparty 
Credit Ratings(10) 

COD* 

Contract 
Years 
Remaining(17) 

Solana 

Mojave 

Coso 
Elkhorn 
Valley(16) 

Prairie Star(16) 
Twin Groves 
II(16) 

Lone Star II(16) 

Chile PV 1 

Chile PV 2 

Chile PV 3 

La Sierpe 

Palmatir 

Cadonal 

Melowind 

Mini-Hydro 
Solaben 2 & 
3 

Solacor 1 & 2 

PS10 & PS20 
Helioenergy 
1 & 2 

Helios 1 & 2 
Solnova 1, 3 
& 4 
Solaben 1 & 
6 

Seville PV 
Italy PV 1 

  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Geothermal) 
  Renewable 
(Wind) 
  Renewable 
(Wind) 
  Renewable 
(Wind) 
  Renewable 
(Wind) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Wind) 
  Renewable 
(Wind) 
  Renewable 
(Wind) 
  Renewable 
(Hydraulic) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 

100% 

100% 

100% 

49% 

49% 

49% 

Arizona 
(USA) 
California 
(USA) 
California 
(USA) 
Oregon 
(USA) 
Minnesota 
(USA) 
Illinois 
(USA) 

USD 

280 MW  BBB+/A3/BBB+ 

2013 

USD 

280 MW 

USD 

135 MW 

BB-/ -- /BB 
Investment 
Grade(11) 

2014 

1987-1989 

USD 

101 MW 

BBB/Baa1/-- 

2007 

USD 

101 MW 

--/A3/A- 

2007 

USD 

198 MW 

BBB/Baa2/-- 

2008 

49% 

Texas (USA) 

USD 

196 MW 

N/A 

35%(1) 

Chile 

USD 

55 MW 

N/A 

2008 

2016 

21 

17 

16 

5 

5 

3 

N/A 

N/A 

35%(1) 

Chile 

USD 

40 MW 

Not rated 

2017 

8 

35%(1) 

Chile 

USD 

73 MW 

N/A 

2014 

N/A 

100% 

Colombia 

COP 

20 MW 

100% 

Uruguay 

USD 

50 MW 

100% 

Uruguay 

USD 

50 MW 

Not rated 
BBB/Baa2/BBB-
(12) 
BBB/Baa2/BBB-
(12) 

2021 

2014 

2014 

100% 

Uruguay 

USD 

50 MW  BBB/Baa2/BBB- 

2015 

100% 

Peru 

USD 

4 MW 

BBB/Baa1/BBB 

2012 

13 

11 

12 

13 

10 

70%(2) 

Spain 

Euro 

2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2012 

15/15 

87%(3) 

Spain 

Euro 

2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2012 

14/14 

100% 

Spain 

Euro 

31 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2007&2009 

9/11 

100% 

Spain 

Euro 

2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2011 

14/14 

100% 

Spain 

Euro 

2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2012 

14/15 

100% 

Spain 

Euro 

3x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2010 

12/12/13 

100% 

Spain 

Euro 

2x50 MW 

A/Baa1/A- 

2013 

16/16 

80%(4) 
100% 

Spain 
Italy 

Euro 
Euro 

1 MW 
1.6 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB 

A/Baa1/A- 

2006 
2010 

13 
8 

313 

 
 
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
  Renewable 
(Solar) 
Renewable 
(Solar) 
Efficient 
natural gas 
&heat 
Efficient 
natural gas & 
heat 
Efficient 
natural gas 
&heat 
Transmission 
line 
Transmission 
line 
Transmission 
line 

Italy PV 2 

Italy PV 3 

Italy PV 4 

Kaxu 

Calgary 

ACT 

Monterrey 

ATN (15) 

ATS 

ATN 2 

Quadra 1 & 2 

Palmucho 

Chile TL3 

Chile TL4 

Transmission 
line 
Transmission 
line 
Transmission 
line 
Transmission 
line 

100% 

Italy 

Euro 

2.1 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB 

2011 

100% 

Italy 

Euro 

2.5 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB 

2012 

100% 

51%(5) 

Italy 
South 
Africa 

Euro 

3.6 MW  BBB/Baa3/BBB 

2011 

Rand 

100 MW  BB-/Ba2/BB-(13) 

2015 

12 

100% 

Canada 

CAD 

55 MWt 

~41% A+ or 
higher(14) 

2010 

18 

100% 

Mexico 

USD 

300 MW 

BBB/B1/BB- 

2013 

10 

30% 

Mexico 

USD 

142 MW 

Not rated 

2018 

100% 

Peru 

USD 

379 miles  BBB/Baa1/BBB 

2011 

100% 

Peru 

USD 

569 miles  BBB/Baa1/BBB 

2014 

100% 

Peru 

USD 

100% 

Chile 

USD 

81 miles 
49 
miles/32 
miles 

Not rated 

2015 

Not rated 

2014 

12/12 

100% 

Chile 

USD 

6 miles 

BBB/ -- /BBB+ 

2007 

15 

100% 

Chile 

USD 

50 miles 

A/A2/A- 

1993 

N/A 

8 

9 

9 

23 

18 

21 

10 

100% 

Chile 

USD 

Skikda 

Water 

34.20%(6) 

Algeria 

USD 

Honaine 

Water 

25.50%(7) 

Algeria 

USD 

63 miles 
3.5 M 
ft3/day 
7 M 
ft3/day 
7 M 
ft3/day 

Not rated 

2016 

Not rated 

2009 

Not rated 

2012 

Not rated 

2015 

49 

11 

15 

17 

Tenes 
(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

Water 

51%(8) 

Algeria 

USD 

65% of the shares in Chile PV 1, Chile PV 2 and Chile PV 3 are indirectly held by financial partners through the renewable energy 
platform of the Company in Chile. Atlantica has control over these entities under IFRS 10, Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Itochu Corporation holds 30% of the shares in each of Solaben 2 and Solaben 3. 

JGC holds 13% of the shares in each of Solacor 1 and Solacor 2. 

Instituto para la Diversificación y Ahorro de la Energía (“Idae”) holds 20% of the shares in Seville PV. 

Kaxu is owned by the Company (51%), Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa (“IDC”, 29%) and Kaxu Community 
Trust (20%). 

Algerian Energy Company, SPA owns 49% of Skikda and Sacyr Agua, S.L. owns the remaining 16.8%. Atlantica has control over 
over Skikda under IFRS 10, Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Algerian Energy Company, SPA owns 49% of Honaine and Sacyr Agua, S.L. owns the remaining 25.5%. 

Algerian Energy Company, SPA owns 49% of Tenes. The Company has an investment in Tenes through a secured loan to Befesa 
Agua Tenes (the holding company of Tenes) and the right to appoint a majority at the board of directors of the project company. 
Therefore, the Company controls Tenes since May 31, 2020, and fully consolidates the asset from that date. 

314 

 
 
  (9)  Certain contracts denominated in U.S. dollars are payable in local currency. 

(10) 

(11) 

Reflects the counterparty’s credit ratings issued by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, or S&P, Moody’s Investors Service Inc., 
or Moody’s, and Fitch Ratings Ltd, or Fitch. Not applicable (“N/A”) when the asset has no PPA. 

Refers to the credit rating of two Community Choice Aggregators: Silicon Valley Clean Energy and Monterrey Bar Community 
Power, both with A Rating from S&P and Southern California Public Power Authority. The third off-taker is not rated. 

(12) 

Refers to the credit rating of Uruguay, as UTE (Administración Nacional de Usinas y Transmisoras Eléctricas) is unrated. 

(13) 

Refers to the credit rating of the Republic of South Africa. The off-taker is Eskom, which is a state-owned utility company in 
South Africa. 

(14) 

Refers to the credit rating of a diversified mix of 22 high credit quality clients (~41% A+ rating or higher, the rest is unrated). 

(15) 

Including ATN Expansion 1 & 2. 

(16) 

Part of Vento II Portfolio. 

(17) 

As of December 31, 2022. 

(*) 

Commercial Operation Date. 

The project financing arrangement for Kaxu contained a cross-default provision related to Abengoa 
S.A.’s insolvency filing. In September 2021, the Company obtained a waiver for such cross-default 
which became effective on March 31, 2022, following the transfer of the employees performing the 
O&M in Kaxu from an Abengoa subsidiary to an Atlantica subsidiary and other conditions. As a 
result, as of March 31, 2022, the Company had again an unconditional right to defer the settlement 
of the debt for at least twelve months, and therefore the debt previously presented as current (as 
of December 31, 2021) had been reclassified as non-current at that date in accordance with the 
financing agreements in these Consolidated Financial Statements (Note 15). 

As  expected,  in  2022  the  Administration  in  Spain  approved,  measures  to  adjust  the  regulated 
revenue  component  for  renewable  energy  plants,  following  the  increase  since  mid-2021  in  the 
billings of these plants for the sale of electricity in the market. On March 30, 2022, Royal Decree 
Law  6/2022  was  published,  adopting  urgent  measures  in  response  to  the  economic  and  social 
consequences  of  the  war  in  Ukraine.  This  Royal  Decree  Law  contains  a  bundle  of  measures  in 
diverse fields, including those targeted at containing the sharp rise in gas and electricity prices. It 
includes temporary changes to the detailed regulated components of revenue received by the solar 
assets of the Company in Spain, which are applicable from January 1, 2022. Specifically, prior to the 
entry into force of this new regulation, the level of remuneration under that specific remuneration 
system  depended  on  the  market  price  estimates  used  to  calculate  it,  which  are  revised  in  each 
regulatory semi-period. Now, under article 5 of Royal Decree Law 6/2022, an extraordinary measure 
has been taken to subdivide the current regulatory semi-period, so as to create a new semi-period 
between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022 and the remuneration will be reviewed taking 
into account the future prices of OMIP (Regulated market operator in Spain), too. On May 14, 2022, 
the Royal Decree Law 10/2022 was published, including the so-called “Iberian mechanism”, which 
is the temporary production cost adjustment mechanism for reducing the price of electricity in the 
wholesale market. The main changes included by these regulations are: 

-  The statutory half-period of three years from 2020 to 2022 has been split into two statutory 
half-periods (1) from January 1, 2020 until December 31 2021 and (2) calendar year 2022. 
As  a  result,  the  fixed  monthly  payment  based  on  installed  capacity  (Remuneration  on 
Investment  or  Rinv)  for  calendar  year  2022  has  been  revised  in  the  new  Order 

315 

 
 
TED/1232/2022. 

-  The electricity market price assumed by the regulation for calendar year 2022 was changed 
from  €48.82  per  MWh  to  an  expected  price  of  €121.9  per  MWh,  i.e.,  the  remuneration 
parameters of 2022 have been updated with real prices of 2020 (33.94 €/MWh) and 2021 
(111.90 €/MWh) and the future prices of OMIP for 2022 (value of second semester 2021: 
121.9  €/MWh).  As  a  result,  the  variable  payment  based  on  net  electricity  produced 
(Remuneration on Operation or Ro), is also being adjusted. The proposed Ro for the year 
2022 is zero €/MWh reflecting the fact that market prices for the power sold in the market 
are significantly higher. 

Following  the  mandate  contained  in  Royal  Decree  Law  6/2022  and  Royal  Decree  Law  10/2022, 
whose main measures have been exposed above, the remuneration parameters have been updated 
for the year 2022 by the recent Order TED/1232/2022, of December 2, 2022, that was published in 
final form on December 14, 2022.  

For the three-year semi period starting on January 1, 2023, and ending on December 31, 2025, the 
adjustment  for  electricity  price  deviations  in  the  preceding  statutory  half  period  will  be 
progressively modified to take into account a mix of actual market prices and future market prices. 
On December 28, 2022, the proposed parameters for the year 2023 were published. They are still 
subject to review. 

All the adjustments to the regulated revenue of the solar assets of the Company in Spain stated 
above do not affect the reasonable return on investment previously set by the Spanish government, 
and therefore do not impact the value of these assets in the long term. 

2.  Significant Accounting Policies  

2.1. Basis of Preparation  

These  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  are  presented  in  accordance  with  the  International 
Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board 
(“IASB”) and with UK adopted International Accounting Standards, on a basis consistent with the 
prior year. 

The  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  are  presented  in  U.S.  dollars,  which  is  the  Company’s 
functional  and  presentation  currency.  Amounts  included  in  these  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements are all expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated. 

The  Company  presents  assets  and  liabilities  in  the  statement  of  financial  position  based  on 
current/non-current classification. An asset or liability is current when it is expected or due to be 
realized within twelve months after the reporting period. 

The  Company  recognises  that  there  may  be  potential  financial  implications  in  the  future  from 
changes in legislation and regulation implemented to address climate change risk. Over time these 
changes may have an impact across a number of areas of accounting. However, as at the reporting 
sheet date, the Company believes there is no material impact on the balance sheet carrying values 

316 

 
 
 
  of assets or liabilities. 

Application of new accounting standards 

a)  Standards, interpretations and amendments effective from January 1, 2022 under IFRS-IASB, 
applied by the Company in the preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements: 

The applications of these amendments have not had any impact on these financial statements. 

b)  Standards,  interpretations  and  amendments  published  by  the  IASB  that  will  be  effective  for 

periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023: 

The  Company  does  not  anticipate  any  significant  impact  on  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements derived from the application of the new standards and amendments that will be 
effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023, although it is currently still 
in the process of evaluating such application. 

The Company has not early adopted any standard, interpretation or amendment that has been 
issued but is not yet effective. 

Going concern 

In assessing going concern for the Group and Company, the Directors have considered the period 
up to March 31, 2024.  Management’s going concern assessment, including sensitivity analysis and 
key assumptions used, was presented to, and discussed with, the Audit Committee.  

The Group has a formal process of budgeting, reporting, measuring asset performance, identifying 
and  mitigating  risks.  This  information  is  provided  to  the  directors,  which  is  used  to  ensure  the 
adequacy  of  resources  available  for  the  Group  to  meet  its  business  objectives.  The  Company’s 
business activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future development, performance 
and position are set out within this report. 

During the period, the Group generated $586.3 million of cash from operating activities, used $57.4 
million in investing activities and $535.0 million in financing activities. All of these resulted in a $6.1 
million net decrease on its cash position by year-end, with a closing cash position of $601.0 million 
(Note 12). The Group´s cash includes $540.2 million held at the project level, of which $207.6 million 
are  held  to  satisfy  the  customary  requirements  of  certain  non-recourse  debt  agreements  (Note 
15). The remaining $60.8 million is held at the corporate level. 

As at 31 December 2022 total debt was $5,570.3 million, of which $343.3 million was short-term. 
Related facilities are at both the corporate level and project level, with this structure being reflected 
in the assessment of going concern below.  

At  the  corporate  level,  total  debt  was  $1,017.2 million  as  at  31  December  2022,  of  which  $16.7 
million  is  current  (Note  14).  In  addition,  it  had  $385.1  million  undrawn  and  available  under  its 
revolving  credit  facility,  which,  in  aggregate  with  cash  of  $60.8  million,  results  in  total  available 
liquidity at this level of $445.9 million. At the corporate level, the principal source of liquidity are 
dividends from the Group’s projects. The aggregate level of these distributions is also the principal 
metric for the corporate level debt covenants.   

317 

 
 
  Aggregate project level debt was $4,553.1 million as at 31 December 2022, of which $326.6 million 
is current. These facilities are subject to covenants including debt service coverage ratios at the 
respective project level. These facilities are non-recourse to the entities of the Group outside of the 
relevant project (Note 15). 

In assessing going concern, the Directors have considered the forecast cash flows of the Group’s 
projects  and  the  expected  level  of  cash  available  to  distribute  from  these.  Cash  available  for 
distribution is forecast after the servicing of project level debt and the maintenance of restricted 
cash required under the facilities. The repayment profile of each project is established based on the 
projected cash flow generation of the business. This ensures that sufficient financing is available to 
meet deadlines and maturities, which mitigates liquidity risk. Distributions are generally subject to 
the compliance with covenants and other conditions under the project finance agreements of the 
Company which are regularly monitored, including assessing forecast compliance with project level 
debt covenants.  

The Directors believe that the off-take agreements or regulation in place at the Company’s portfolio 
of projects provide a predictable and stable cash flow generation. The exposure to market electricity 
prices represents less than 2% of the Company’s portfolio in terms of Adjusted EBITDA. In addition, 
approximately  51%  of  the  Group’s  revenue  in  2022  is  not  subject  to  the  volatility  that  natural 
resource may have, especially solar and wind resources. This includes transmission lines, efficient 
natural gas plant, water assets and approximately 76% of the revenue received from the solar assets 
of the Company in Spain with most of their revenues based on capacity in accordance with the 
regulation  in  place.  The  diversification  by  geography  and  business  sector  also  strengthens  the 
stability of the cash flow generation of the remaining balance. 

For the purposes of the corporate level element of the assessment, the directors have considered 
sensitivities  on  the  cash  forecast  to  be  received  from  projects  as  distributions  to  enable  the 
Company to meet its payment’s obligation and its covenants and obligations under its corporate 
financing  arrangements.  In  the  downside  scenario,  though  considered  highly  unlikely,  in  which 
management  has  reduced  the  aggregate  receipts  of  dividends  throughout  the  going  concern 
period by 20 percent, the Company would have the level of cash needed to operate the business 
and none of the corporate level debt covenants would be breached. The Directors consider that 
such  a  reduction  is  highly  unlikely  given  the  absolute  number  of  the  Group’s  projects,  their 
geographical diversity and their cashflow stability. 

From a liquidity perspective, the Directors have identified mitigations that are within the Board’s 
control including further use of the undrawn element of the corporate facilities and reductions in 
discretionary investments. 

Following this assessment at both the project and corporate levels the Directors have concluded it 
is appropriate to prepare the consolidated financial statements on a going concern basis and have 
not identified material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt on the Group and Company’s 
ability to continue as a going concern.  

2.2.  Principles to include and record companies in the consolidated financial 

statements 

Companies included in these Consolidated Financial Statements are accounted for as subsidiaries 

318 

 
  as long as Atlantica has control over them and are accounted for as investments under the equity 
method as long as Atlantica has significant influence over them, in the periods presented. 

a)  Controlled entities 

Control is achieved when the Company: 

•  Has power over the investee; 

• 

Is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and 

•  Has the ability to use its power to affect its returns. 

The  Company  reassesses  whether  or  not  it  controls  an  investee  when  facts  and  circumstances 
indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed above. 

The  Company  uses  the acquisition  method  to  account  for  business combinations  of companies 
previously controlled by a third party. According to this method, identifiable assets acquired and 
liabilities  and  contingent  liabilities  assumed  in  a  business  combination  are  measured  initially  at 
their fair values at the acquisition date. Any contingent consideration is recognized at fair value at 
the acquisition date and subsequent changes in its fair value are recognized in accordance with 
IFRS 9 in profit or loss. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred. The Company recognizes 
any non-controlling interest in the acquiree either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s 
proportionate share of the acquirer’s net assets on an acquisition by acquisition basis. 

All assets and liabilities between entities of the Company, equity, income, expenses, and cash flows 
relating to transactions between entities of the Company are eliminated in full. 

b)  Investments accounted for under the equity method 

An associate is an entity over which the Company has significant influence. Significant influence is 
the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is not 
control or joint control over those policies. 

A joint venture is a type of joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the 
arrangement have rights to the net assets of the joint venture. Joint control is the contractually 
agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant 
activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. 

The  results  and  assets  and  liabilities  of  associates  and  joint  ventures  are  incorporated  in  these 
financial  statements  using  the  equity  method  of  accounting.  Under  the  equity  method,  an 
investment  in  an  associate  or  joint  venture  is  initially  recognized  in  the  statement  of  financial 
position at fair value and adjusted thereafter to recognize changes in Atlantica´s share of net assets 
of the associate or joint venture since the acquisition date. Any goodwill relating to the associate 
is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is not tested for impairment separately. 

319 

 
 
 
2.3. Contracted  concessional,  Property,  Plant  and  Equipment  (PP&E)  and  other 

intangible assets 

The assets accounted for by the Company as contracted concessional assets under IFRIC 12 (either 
intangible model or financial model), as PP&E under IAS 16 or as other intangible assets under IAS 
38 or under IFRS 16 (as “Lessee” or “Lessor”), include renewable energy assets, transmission lines, 
efficient natural gas assets and water plants. 

a) 

Contracted concessional assets under IFRIC 12 

The  infrastructure  used  in  a  concession  accounted  for  under  IFRIC  12  can  be  classified  as  an 
intangible  asset  or  a  financial  asset,  depending  on  the  nature  of  the  payment  entitlements 
established in the agreement. The application of IFRIC 12 requires extensive judgement in relation 
to, among other factors, (i) the identification of certain infrastructures and contractual agreements 
in the scope of IFRIC 12, (ii) an understanding of the nature of the payments in order to determine 
the classification of the infrastructure as a financial asset or as an intangible asset and (iii) the timing 
and recognition of revenue from construction and concessionary activity. 

Under the terms of contractual arrangements within the scope of this interpretation, the operator 
shall recognize and measure revenue in accordance with IFRS 15 for the services it performs. 

The  useful  life  of  these  assets  is  approximately  the  same  as  the  length  of  the  concession 
arrangement. 

Intangible assets 

The Company recognizes an intangible asset to the extent that it receives a right to charge final 
customers for the use of the infrastructure. This intangible asset is subject to the provisions of IAS 
38 and is amortized linearly, taking into account the estimated period of commercial operation of 
the infrastructure which coincides with the concession period. 

Once the infrastructure is in operation, the treatment of income and expense is as follows: 

-  Revenues  from  the  updated  annual  revenue  for  the  contracted  concession,  as  well  as 

revenues  from  operations  and  maintenance  services  are  recognized  in  each  period 

according to IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with Customers”. 

-  Operating  and  maintenance  costs  and  general  overheads  and  administrative  costs  are 

recorded in accordance with the nature of the cost incurred (amount due) in each period. 

Financial asset 

The  Company  recognizes  a  financial  asset when demand  risk  is  assumed  by  the  grantor,  to  the 
extent that the concession holder has an unconditional right to receive payments for the asset. This 
asset  is  recognized  at  the  fair  value  of  the  construction  services  provided,  considering  upgrade 
services in accordance with IFRS 15, if any. 

The financial asset is subsequently recorded at amortized cost calculated according to the effective 
interest  method,  using  a  theoretical  internal  return  rate  specific  to  the  asset.  Revenue  from 

320 

 
 
  operations and maintenance services is recognized in each period according to IFRS 15 “Revenue 
from contracts with Customers”. 

Allowance for expected credit losses (financial assets) 

According to IFRS 9, Atlantica recognises an allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs) for all debt 
instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between 
the  contractual  cash  flows  due  in  accordance  with  the  contract  and  all  the  cash  flows  that  the 
Company expects to receive. 

There  are  two  main  approaches  to  applying  the  ECL  model  according  to  IFRS  9:  the  general 
approach which involves a three stage approach, and the simplified approach, which can be applied 
to trade receivables, contract assets and lease receivables. Atlantica applies the simplified approach. 
Under this approach, there is no need to monitor for significant increases in credit risk and entities 
will be required to measure lifetime expected credit losses at the end of each reporting period. 

The  key  elements  of  the  ECL  calculations,  based  on  external  sources  of  information,  are  the 
following: 

- 

- 

- 

the Probability of Default (“PD”) is an estimate of the likelihood of default over a given time 
horizon. Atlantica calculates PD based on Credit Default Swaps spreads (“CDS”); 

the Exposure at Default (“EAD”) is an estimate of the exposure at a future default date; 

the Loss Given Default (“LGD”) is an estimate of the loss arising in the case where a default 
occurs at a given time. It is based on the difference between the contractual cash flows  due 
and those that the Company would expect to receive. It is expressed as a percentage of the 
EAD. 

b) 

Property, plant and equipment under IAS 16 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  is  measured  at  historical  cost,  including  all  expenses  directly 
attributable to the acquisition, less depreciation and impairment losses, with the exception of land, 
which is presented net of any impairment losses. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of 
the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term installation projects if the recognition 
criteria are met. Repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.  

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. 

The  Company  reviews  the  estimated  residual  values  and  expected  useful  lives  of  assets  at  least 
annually.  In  particular,  the  Company  considers  the  impact  of  health,  safety  and  environmental 
legislation in its assessment of expected useful lives and estimated residual values. 

An  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  any  significant  part  initially  recognized  is 
derecognized  upon  disposal  (i.e.,  at  the  date  the  recipient  obtains  control)  or  when  no  future 
economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition 
of  the  asset  (calculated  as  the  difference  between  the  net  disposal  proceeds  and  the  carrying 
amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.  

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c) 

Rights of use under IFRS 16 

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if 
the  contract  conveys  the  right  to  control  the  use  of  an  identified  asset  for  a  period  of  time  in 
exchange for consideration.  

Company as a lessee:  

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for 
short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognizes lease liabilities to make 
lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.  

Main  right  of  use  agreements  correspond  to  land  rights.  The  Company  recognizes  right-of-use 
assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e. the date the underlying asset is available for 
use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment 
losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities (Note 2.11). The cost of right-of-use 
assets  includes  the  amount  of  lease  liabilities  recognised,  initial  direct  costs  incurred,  and  lease 
payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-
use  assets  are  depreciated  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  shorter  of  the  lease  term  and  the 
estimated useful lives of the assets. 

d) 

Other intangible assets 

Other intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of 
intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. 
Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization 
and accumulated impairment losses. Intangible assets are amortized over the useful economic life 
and  assessed  for  impairment  whenever  there  is  an  indication  that  the  intangible  asset  may  be 
impaired. 

An intangible asset is derecognised upon disposal (i.e., at the date the recipient obtains control) or 
when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising 
upon derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds 
and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit or loss. 

Research and development costs: 

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are 
recognised as an intangible asset when the Company can demonstrate:  

- 

the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for 
use or sale 
its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset  

- 
-  how the asset will generate future economic benefits  
the availability of resources to complete the asset  
- 
the ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development. 
- 

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost 
less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Amortization of the asset 

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  begins when development is complete, and the asset is available for use. It is amortized over the 
period  of  expected  future  benefit.  During  the  period  of  development,  the  asset  is  tested  for 
impairment annually. 

e) 

Asset impairment 

Atlantica reviews its contracted concessional assets to identify any indicators of impairment at least 
annually, except for ECL assessment for financial assets which is discussed above. When impairment 
indicators exist, the Company calculates the recoverable amount of the asset. 

The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in 
use, defined as the present value of the estimated future cash flows to be generated by the asset. 
In the event that the asset does not generate cash flows independently of other assets, the Company 
calculates the recoverable amount of the Cash Generating Unit (‘CGU’) to which the asset belongs. 

When the carrying amount of the CGU to which these assets belong is higher than its recoverable 
amount, the assets are impaired. 

Assumptions used to calculate value in use include a discount rate and projections considering real 
data  based  in  the  contracts  terms  and  projected  changes  in  both  selling  prices  and  costs.  The 
discount rate is estimated by Management, to reflect both changes in the value of money over time 
and the risks associated with the specific CGU. 

For contracted concessional assets, with a defined useful life and with a specific financial structure, 
cash flow projections until the end of the project are considered and no relevant terminal value is 
assumed. 

Contracted concessional assets have a contractual structure that permits the Company to estimate 
quite accurately the costs of the project and revenue during the life of the project. 

Projections take into account real data based on the contract terms and fundamental assumptions 
based on specific reports prepared internally and third-party reports, assumptions on demand and 
assumptions  on  production.  Additionally,  assumptions  on  macro-economic  conditions  are  taken 
into account, such as inflation rates, future interest rates, etc. and sensitivity analyses are performed 
over all major assumptions which can have a significant impact in the value of the asset. 

Cash  flow  projections  of  CGUs  are  calculated  in  the  functional  currency  of  those  CGUs  and  are 
discounted using rates that take into consideration the risk corresponding to each specific country 
and currency. 

Taking  into  account  that  in  most  CGUs  the  specific  financial  structure  is  linked  to  the  financial 
structure of the projects that are part of those CGUs, the discount rate used to calculate the present 
value of cash-flow projections is based on the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the type 
of asset, adjusted, if necessary, in accordance with the business of the specific activity and with the 
risk associated with the country where the project is performed. 

In any case, sensitivity analyses are performed, especially in relation to the discount rate used and 
fair value changes in the main business variables, in order to ensure that possible changes in the 

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  estimates of these items do not impact the recovery of recognized assets. 

In  the  event  that  the  recoverable  amount  of  an  asset  is  lower  than  its  carrying  amount,  an 
impairment charge for the difference would be recorded in the income statement under the item 
“Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges”. 

An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that 
previously recognized impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, 
the Company estimates the CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss 
is  reversed  only  if  there  has  been  a  change  in  the  assumptions  used  to  determine  the  asset’s 
recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that 
the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying 
amount  that  would  have  been  determined,  net  of  depreciation,  had  no  impairment  loss  been 
recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the income statement. 

2.4. Revenue recognition 

According to IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the Company assesses the goods 
and  services  promised  in  the  contracts  with  the  customers  and  identifies  as  a  performance 
obligation each promise to transfer to the customer a good or service (or a bundle of goods or 
services). 

In the case of contracts related to intangible or financial assets under IFRIC 12, the performance 
obligation of the Company is the operation of the asset. The contracts between the parties set the 
price  of  the  service  in an  orderly  transaction  and  therefore corresponds  to  the  fair  value of  the 
service provided. The services is satisfied over time. The same conclusion applies to concessional 
assets  that  are  classified  as  tangible  assets  under  IAS  16  or  leases  under  IFRS  16.  All  of  the 
transaction prices of assets under IFRIC 12 are fixed and included as part of the long-term PPAs of 
the Company as disclosed in Note 26. 

In the case of financial asset under IFRIC 12, the financial asset accounts for the payments to be 
received from the client over the residual life of the contract, discounted at a theoretical internal 
rate of return for the project. In each period, the financial asset is reduced by the amounts received 
from the client and increased by any capital expenditure that the project may incur and by the 
effect of unwinding the discount of the financial asset at the theoretical internal rate of return. The 
increase of the financial asset deriving from the unwinding of the discount of the financial asset is 
recorded as revenue in each period. Revenue will therefore differ from the actual billings made to 
the client in each period. 

In the case of Spain, according to Royal Decree 413/2014, solar electricity producers receive: (i) the 
market price for the power they produce, (ii) a payment based on the standard investment cost for 
each type of plant (without any relation whatsoever to the amount of power they generate) and 
(iii) an “operating payment” (in €/MWh produced). The principle driving this economic regime is 
that the payments received by a renewable energy producer should be equivalent to the costs that 
they are unable to recover on the electricity pool market where they compete with non-renewable 
technologies. This economic regime seeks to allow a “well-run and efficient enterprise” to recover 
the  costs  of  building  and  running  a  plant,  plus  a  reasonable  return  on  investment  (project 

324 

 
  investment rate of return). Some of the Company´s assets in Spain are receiving a remuneration 
based on a 7.09% reasonable rate of return until December 31, 2025 while others are receiving a 
remuneration based on a 7.398% reasonable rate of return until December 31, 2031. 

2.5. Loans and Accounts Receivable 

Loans  and  accounts  receivable  are  non-derivative  financial  assets  with  fixed  or  determinable 
payments, not listed on an active market. 

In  accordance  with  IFRIC  12,  certain  assets  under  concessions  qualify  as  financial  assets  and  are 
recorded as is described in Note 2.3. 

Pursuant to IFRS 9, an impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of these assets exceeds 
the present value of future cash flows discounted at the initial effective interest rate. 

Loans and accounts receivable are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs and are 
subsequently  measured at  amortized cost  in  accordance  with  the  effective  interest  rate  method. 
Interest  calculated  using  the  effective  interest  rate  method  is  recognized  under  other  financial 
income within financial income. 

2.6. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities 

Derivatives  are  recognized  at  fair  value  in  the  statement  of  financial  position.  The  Company 
maintains  both  derivatives  designated  as  hedging  instruments  in  hedging  relationships,  and 
derivatives to which hedge accounting is not applied. 

When  hedge  accounting  is  applied,  hedging  strategy  and  risk  management  objectives  are 
documented at inception, as well as the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged 
items.  Effectiveness  of  the  hedging  relationship  needs  to  be  assessed  on  an  ongoing  basis. 
Effectiveness  tests  are  performed  prospectively  at  inception  and  at  each  reporting  date.  The 
Company analyses on each date if all these requirements are met: 

- 
- 

- 

there is an economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument; 

the effect of credit risk does not dominate the value changes that result from that economic 

relationship; and 

the hedge ratio of the hedging relationship is the same as that resulting from the quantity of 

the hedged item that the Company actually hedges and the quantity of the hedging instrument 

that the Company uses to hedge that quantity of hedged item. 

Ineffectiveness is measured following the accumulated dollar offset method. 

In all cases, current Company´s hedging relationships are considered cash flow hedges. Under this 
model, the effective portion of changes in fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges 
are recorded temporarily in equity and are subsequently reclassified from equity to profit or loss in 
the same period or periods during which the hedged item affects profit or loss. Any ineffective 
portion of the hedged transaction is recorded in the consolidated income statement as it occurs. 

When interest rate options are designated as hedging instruments, the time value is excluded from 
the hedging instrument as permitted by IFRS 9. Changes in the effective portion of the intrinsic are 

325 

 
  recorded in equity and subsequently reclassified from equity to profit or loss in the same period 
or periods during which the hedged item affects profit or loss. Any ineffectiveness is recorded as 
financial  income  or  expense  as  it  occurs.  Changes  in  options  time  value  is  recorded  as  cost  of 
hedging. More precisely, considering that the hedged items are, in all cases, time period hedged 
item,  changes  in  time  value  is  recognized  in  other  comprehensive  income  to  the  extent  that  it 
relates to the hedged item. The time value at the date of designation of the option as a hedging 
instrument,  to  the  extent  that  it  relates  to  the  hedged  item,  is  amortized  on  a  systematic  and 
rational basis over the period during which the hedge adjustment for the option’s intrinsic value 
could affect profit or loss. 

When the hedging instrument matures or is sold, or when it no longer meets the requirements to 
apply hedge accounting, accumulated gains and losses recorded in equity remain as such until the 
forecast  transaction  is  ultimately  recognized  in  the  income  statement.  However,  if  it  becomes 
unlikely that the forecast transaction will actually take place, the accumulated gains and losses in 
equity are recognized immediately in the income statement. 

Any change in fair value of derivatives instruments to which hedge accounting is not applied is 
directly recorded in the income statement. 

2.7. Fair Value Estimates 

Financial instruments measured at fair value are presented in accordance with the following level 
classification based on the nature of the inputs used for the calculation of fair value: 

- 

- 

Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 

Level 2: Fair value is measured based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 

1  that  are  observable  for  the  asset  or  liability,  either  directly  (i.e.  as  prices)  or  indirectly  (i.e. 

derived from prices). 

- 

Level 3: Fair value is measured based on unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. 

In the event that prices cannot be observed, management shall make its best estimate of the price 
that  the  market  would  otherwise  establish  based  on  proprietary  internal  models  which,  in  the 
majority of cases, use data based on observable market parameters as significant inputs (Level 2) 
but  occasionally  use  market  data  that  is  not  observed  as  significant  inputs  (Level  3).  Different 
techniques can be used to make this estimate, including extrapolation of observable market data. 
The best indication of the initial fair value of a financial instrument is the price of the transaction, 
except when the value of the instrument can be obtained from other transactions carried out in the 
market with the same or similar instruments, or valued using a valuation technique in which the 
variables used only include observable market data, mainly interest rates. Differences between the 
transaction price and the fair value based on valuation techniques that use data that is not observed 
in the market, are not initially recognized in the income statement. 

Atlantica derivatives correspond primarily to the interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges, 
which are classified as Level 2. 

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  Description of the valuation method 

Interest rate swap valuations consist in valuing separately the swap part of the contract and the 
credit  risk.  The  methodology  used  by  the  market  and  applied  by  Atlantica  to  value  interest  rate 
swaps is to discount the expected future cash flows according to the parameters of the contract. 
Variable  interest  rates,  which  are  needed  to  estimate  future  cash  flows,  are  calculated  using  the 
curve for the corresponding currency and extracting the implicit rates for each of the reference dates 
in the contract. These estimated flows are discounted with the swap zero curve for the reference 
period of the contract. 

The  effect  of  the  credit  risk  on  the  valuation  of  the  interest  rate  swaps  depends  on  the  future 
settlement. If the settlement is favorable for the Company, the counterparty credit spread will be 
incorporated to quantify the probability of default at maturity. If the expected settlement is negative 
for the Company, its own credit risk will be applied to the final settlement. 

Classic models for valuing interest rate swaps use deterministic valuation of the future of variable 
rates, based on future outlooks. When quantifying credit risk, this model is limited by considering 
only the risk for the current paying party, ignoring the fact that the derivative could change sign at 
maturity.  A  payer  and  receiver  swaption  model  is  proposed  for  these  cases.  This  enables  the 
associated risk in each swap position to be reflected. Thus, the model shows each agent’s exposure, 
on each payment date, as the value of entering into the ‘tail’ of the swap, i.e. the live part of the 
swap. 

Variables (Inputs) 

Interest rate derivative valuation models use the corresponding interest rate curves for the relevant 
currency and underlying reference in order to estimate the future cash flows and to discount them. 
Market prices for deposits, futures contracts and interest rate swaps are used to construct these 
curves. Interest rate options (caps and floors) also use the volatility of the reference interest rate 
curve. 

To  estimate  the  credit  risk  of  the  counterparty,  the  credit  default  swap  (CDS)  spreads  curve  is 
obtained in the market for important individual issuers. For less liquid issuers, the spreads curve is 
estimated using comparable CDSs or based on the country curve. To estimate proprietary credit 
risk, prices of debt issues in the market and CDSs for the sector and geographic location are used. 

The fair value of the financial instruments that results from the aforementioned internal models 
takes into account, among other factors, the terms and conditions of the contracts and observable 
market data, such as interest rates, credit risk and volatility. The valuation models do not include 
significant  levels  of  subjectivity,  since  these  methodologies  can  be  adjusted  and  calibrated,  as 
appropriate,  using  the  internal  calculation  of  fair  value  and  subsequently  compared  to  the 
corresponding actively traded price. However, valuation adjustments may be necessary when the 
listed market prices are not available for comparison purposes. 

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  2.8. Trade and Other Receivables 

Trade and other receivables are amounts due from customers for sales in the normal course of 
business. They are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost 
using the effective interest rate method, less allowance for doubtful accounts. Trade receivables 
due in less than one year are carried at their face value at both initial recognition and subsequent 
measurement, provided that the effect of not discounting flows is not significant. 

An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded when there is objective evidence that the Company 
will  not  be  able  to  recover  all  amounts  due  as  per  the  original  terms  of  the  receivables.  The 
Company has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, 
adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment. 

2.9. Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  include  cash  in  hand,  cash  in  bank  and  other  highly-liquid  current 
investments with an original maturity of three months or less which are held for the purpose of 
meeting short-term cash commitments. 

2.10. Grants 

Grants are recognized at fair value when it is considered that there is a reasonable assurance that 
the grant will be received and that the necessary qualifying conditions, as agreed with the entity 
assigning the grant, will be adequately complied with. 

Grants  are  recorded  as  liabilities  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  and  are 
recognized in “Other operating income” in the consolidated income statement based on the period 
necessary to match them with the costs they intend to compensate. 

In addition, as described in Note 2.11 below, grants correspond also to loans with interest rates 
below market rates, for the initial difference between the fair value of the loan and the proceeds 
received. 

2.11. Loans and Borrowings 

Loans  and  borrowings  are  initially  recognized  at  fair  value,  net  of  transaction  costs  incurred. 
Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost and any difference between the proceeds 
initially received (net of transaction costs incurred in obtaining such proceeds) and the repayment 
value is recognized in the consolidated income statement over the duration of the borrowing using 
the effective interest rate method. 

In the case of modification of terms of loans and borrowings, the Company determines whether 
the  modification  constitutes  an  exchange  or  an  extinguishment  of  the  debt  instrument.  In 
determining whether there is an exchange, the Company evaluates whether the redemption of the 
old  debt  and  the  issuance  of  new  debt  were  negotiated  in  contemplation  of  one  another 
(qualitative assessment) and performs the 10 per cent test to determine if the terms of the modified 
debt are substantially different (the net present value of the modified cash flows, including any fees 
paid  net  of  any  fees  received,  is  higher  than  10%  different  from  the  net  present  value  of  the 
remaining  cash  flows  of  the  liability  prior  to  the  modification,  both  discounted  at  the  original 

328 

 
  effective  interest  rate). When  the  terms  of  the  modified  liability  are  substantially  different,  the 
modification is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original liability and recognition of a new 
liability. 

Loans with interest rates below market rates are initially recognized at fair value in liabilities and 
the difference between proceeds received from the loan and its fair value is initially recorded within 
“Grants and Other liabilities” in the consolidated statement of financial position, and subsequently 
recorded  in  “Other  operating  income”  in  the  consolidated  income  statement  when  the  costs 
financed with the loan are expensed. 

Lease  liabilities  are  recognized  by  the  Company  at  the  commencement  date  of  the  lease  at  the 
present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include the 
exercise  price  of  a  purchase  option  reasonably  certain  to  be  exercised  by  the  Company  and 
payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising 
the option to terminate. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its 
incremental  borrowing  rate  at  the  lease  commencement  date  considering  that  the  interest  rate 
implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. 

2.12. Bonds and notes 

The  Company  initially  recognizes  ordinary  notes  at  fair  value,  net  of  issuance  costs  incurred. 
Subsequently,  notes  are  measured  at  amortized  cost  until  settlement  upon  maturity.  Any  other 
difference between the proceeds obtained (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is 
recognized in the consolidated income statement over the term of the debt using the effective 
interest rate method. 

Convertible bonds or notes or debt issued with conversion features must be separated into liability 
and equity components if the feature meets the equity classification conditions in IAS 32. The issuer 
separates  the  instrument  into  its  components  by  determining  the  fair  value  of  the  liability 
component and then deducting that amount from the fair value of the instrument as a whole; the 
residual amount is allocated to the equity component. If the equity conversion feature does not 
satisfy  the  equity  classification  conditions  in  IAS  32,  it  is  bifurcated  as  an  embedded  derivative 
unless  the  issuer  elects  to  apply  the  fair  value  option  to  the  convertible  debt.  The  embedded 
derivative  is  initially  recognized  at  fair  value  and  classified  as  derivatives  in  the  statement  of 
financial  position.  Changes  in  the  fair  value  of  the  embedded  derivatives  are  subsequently 
accounted for directly through the income statement. The debt element of the bond or note (the 
host contract), will be initially valued as the difference between the consideration received from the 
holders for the instrument and the value of the embedded derivative, and thereafter at amortized 
cost using the effective interest method. 

2.13. Income Taxes 

Current income tax expense is calculated on the basis of the tax laws in force as of the date of the 
consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  in  the  countries  in  which  the  subsidiaries  and 
associates operate and generate taxable income. 

Deferred  income  tax  is  calculated  in  accordance  with  the  liability  method,  based  upon  the 

329 

 
  temporary differences arising between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their tax 
base. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in 
the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that 
have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. 

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognized  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  taxable  profit  will  be 
available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax 
credits and unused tax losses can be utilized. 

2.14. Trade Payables and Other Liabilities 

Trade payables are obligations arising from purchases of goods and services in the ordinary course 
of  business  and  are  recognized  initially  at  fair  value  and  are  subsequently  measured  at  their 
amortized cost using the effective interest method. Other liabilities are obligations not arising in 
the  normal  course  of  business  and  which  are  not  treated  as  financing  transactions.  Advances 
received from customers are recognized as “Trade payables and other current liabilities”. 

2.15. Foreign Currency Transactions 

The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is Atlantica’s functional 
and  presentation  currency.  Financial  statements  of  each  subsidiary  within  the  Company  are 
measured in the currency of the principal economic environment in which the subsidiary operates, 
which is the subsidiary’s functional currency. 

Transactions  denominated  in  a  currency  different  from  the  entity’s  functional  currency  are 
translated into the entity’s functional currency applying the exchange rates in force at the time of 
the  transactions.  Foreign  currency  gains  and  losses  that  result  from  the  settlement  of  these 
transactions and the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency 
at  the  year-end  rates  are  recognized  in  the  consolidated  income  statement,  unless  they  are 
deferred  in  equity,  as  occurs  with  cash  flow  hedges  and  net  investment  in  foreign  operations 
hedges. 

Assets  and  liabilities  of  subsidiaries  with  a  functional  currency  different  from  the  Company’s 
reporting currency are translated to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in force at the closing date of 
the financial statements. Income and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using the average 
annual exchange rate, which does not differ significantly from using the exchange rates of the dates 
of each transaction. The difference between equity translated at the historical exchange rate and 
the net financial position that results from translating the assets and liabilities at the closing rate is 
recorded in equity under the heading “Accumulated currency translation differences”. 

Results  of  companies  carried  under  the  equity  method  are  translated  at  the  average  annual 
exchange rate. 

2.16. Equity 

The Company has recyclable balances in its equity, corresponding mainly to hedge reserves and 
translation differences arising from currency conversion in the preparation of these Consolidated 
Financial Statements. These balances have been presented separately in equity. 

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  Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Any excess above the par value of shares received upon 
issuance of those shares is classified as share premium in accordance with the UK Companies Act 
2006. 

Capital  reserves  is  mainly  the  result  of  reductions  of  the  share  premium  account  which  have 
increased distributable reserves upon confirmation from the High Court in the UK, pursuant to the 
Companies Act. 

Non-controlling  interest  represents  interest  of  other  partners  in  subsidiaries  included  in  these 
Consolidated Financial Statements which are not fully owned by Atlantica as of the dates presented. 

The costs of issuing equity instruments are accounted for as a deduction from equity. 

2.17. Provisions and Contingencies 

Provisions are recognized when: 

-  there is a present obligation, either legal or constructive, as a result of past events; 

- 

it is more likely than not that there will be a future outflow of resources to settle the 
obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. 

Provisions  are  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  expected  outflows  required  to  settle  the 
obligation. The discount rate used is a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks 
specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is then recognized 
as a financial expense. The balance of provisions disclosed in the Notes reflects management’s best 
estimate  of  the  potential  exposure  as  of  the  date  of  preparation  of  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements. 

Contingent liabilities are possible obligations, existing obligations with low probability of a future 
outflow of economic resources and existing obligations where the future outflow cannot be reliably 
estimated. Contingences are not recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position 
unless they have been acquired in a business combination. 

Some  companies  of  Atlantica  have  dismantling  provisions,  which  are  intended  to  cover  future 
expenditure related to the dismantlement of the plants in situations where it is likely to be settled 
with an outflow of resources in the long term (over 5 years). 

Such provisions are recognised when the obligation for dismantling, removing and restoring the 
site on which the plant is located, is incurred, which is usually during the construction period. The 
provision is measured in accordance with IAS 37, “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent 
Assets” and is recorded as a liability under the heading “Grants and other liabilities” of the Financial 
Statements,  and  the  corresponding  entry  as  part  of  the  cost  of  the  plant  under  the  heading 
“Contracted concessional assets.” The estimated future costs of dismantling are reviewed annually 
if conditions have changed and adjusted appropriately. The impact of changes in the estimate of 
future costs or in the timing of when such costs will be incurred, on the dismantling provision, is 
recorded against an increase or decrease of the cost of the plant. 

2.18. Earnings per share 

331 

 
  Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit for the period attributable to ordinary 
equity  holders  of  the  parent  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  outstanding 
during the period. 

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit for the period attributable to ordinary 
equity  holders  of  the  parent  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  ordinary  shares  outstanding 
during the period plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on 
conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares. 

2.19. Significant judgements and estimates 

Some  of  the  accounting  policies  applied  require  the  application  of  significant  judgement  by 
management  to  select  the  appropriate  assumptions  to  determine  these  estimates.  These 
assumptions  and  estimates  are  based  on  the  historical  experience,  advice  from  experienced 
consultants,  forecasts  and  other  circumstances and  expectations as  of  the  close  of  the  financial 
period. The assessment is considered in relation to the global economic situation of the industries 
and  regions  where  the  Company  operates,  taking  into  account  future  development  of  the 
businesses of the Company. By their nature, these judgements are subject to an inherent degree 
of uncertainty; therefore, actual results could materially differ from the estimates and assumptions 
used. In such cases, the carrying values of assets and liabilities are adjusted. 

The  most  critical  accounting  policies,  which  reflects  significant  management  estimates  and 
judgement to determine amounts in these Consolidated Financial Statements, are as follows: 

Estimates: 

- 

Impairment of contracted concessional, PP&E and other intangible assets. 

Impairment  exists  when  the  carrying  value  of  an  asset  or  cash  generating  unit  exceeds  its 
recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in 
use. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow model, which is sensitive 
to the discount rate used as well as projected cash-flows (Note 6). 

The  significant  assumptions  which  required  substantial  estimates  used  in  management’s 
impairment  calculation  are  discount  rates  and  projections  considering  real  data  based  on 
contract terms and projected changes in selling prices, energy generation and costs. 

-  Recoverability of deferred tax assets. 

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that 
taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilised. Significant management 
estimates are required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, 
based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax 
planning strategies (Note 18). 

- 

Fair value of derivative financial instruments 

332 

 
 
 
 
 
  When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the statement of 
financial  position  cannot  be  measured  based  on  quoted  prices  in  active  markets,  their  fair 
value is measured using valuation techniques including the discounted cash flow model. The 
inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is 
not  feasible,  a  degree  of  estimate  is  required  in  establishing  fair  values.  Estimates  include 
considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions 
relating to these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. 

- 

Fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities arising from a business combination 

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed on a business combination are recognised at the 
fair  values  of  the  underlying  items.  The  estimates  that  have  a  significant  risk  of  causing  a 
material  adjustment  to  the  carrying  amounts  of  the  assets  and  liabilities  are  the  ones 
considered when performing impairment review of operating assets (see above). 

Judgements: 

-  Assessment of assets agreements. 

By evaluating the terms and conditions of each assets agreement, the Company determines 
the accounting category to which the asset belongs, e.g. IAS 16, IFRIC 12 or IFRS 16 (Note 2.3.). 

-  Assessment of control. 

Judgement is required in determining the nature of Atlantica´s interest in another entity and 
in determining if it has control, joint control or significant influence over it(Note 2.2.). 

As of the date of preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements, no relevant changes in 
the estimates made are anticipated and, therefore, no significant changes in the value of the assets 
and liabilities recognized at December 31, 2022, are expected. 

Although  these  estimates  and  assumptions  are  being  made  using  all  available  facts  and 
circumstances, it is possible that future events may require management to amend such estimates 
and assumptions in future periods. Changes in accounting estimates are recognized prospectively, 
in accordance with IAS 8, in the consolidated income statement of the year in which the change 
occurs. 

3.  Financial Risk Management 

Atlantica’s activities are exposed to various financial risks: market risk (including currency risk and 
interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. Risk is managed by the Company’s Risk Management 
and  Finance  Departments,  which  are  responsible  for  identifying  and  evaluating  financial  risks 
quantifying  them  by  project,  region  and  company,  in  accordance  with  mandatory  internal 
management rules. The internal management rules provide written policies for the management 
of overall risk, as well as for specific areas. The internal management policies of the Company also 
define the use of hedging instruments and derivatives and the investment of excess cash. 

a)  Market risk 

The Company is exposed to market risk, such as movement in foreign exchange rates and interest 

333 

 
 
 
  rates. All of these market risks arise in the normal course of business and the Company does not 
carry out speculative operations. For the purpose of managing these risks, the Company uses a 
series of interest rate swaps and options, and currency options. None of the derivative contracts 
signed has an unlimited loss exposure. 

- 

Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk arises when the Company’s activities are exposed to changes in interest 
rates, which arises from financial liabilities at variable interest rates. The main interest rate 
exposure for the Company relates to the variable interest rate with reference to the Libor, 
Euribor and SOFR. To minimize the interest rate risk, the Company primarily uses interest 
rate swaps and interest rate options (caps), which, in exchange for a fee, offer protection 
against an increase in interest rates. The Company does not use derivatives for speculative 
purposes. 

As  of  December  31,  2022,  approximately  92%  of  the  Project  debt  of  the  Company  and 
approximately 96% of the Corporate debt either has fixed interest rates or has been hedged 
with swaps or caps. The Revolving Credit Facility of the Company has variable interest rates 
and is not hedged (Note 14). 

In  connection  with  the  interest  rate  derivative  positions  of  the  Company,  the  most 
significant  impacts  on  these  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  are  derived  from  the 
changes in EURIBOR, SOFR and LIBOR, which represent the reference interest rate for most 
of the debt of the Company. In the event that EURIBOR, SOFR and LIBOR had risen by 25 
basis points as of December 31, 2022, with the rest of the variables remaining constant, the 
effect in the consolidated income statement would have been a loss of $1.3 million (a loss 
of $2.5 million in 2021) and a gain in hedging reserves of $18.4 million ($22.4 million in 
2021). The gain in hedging reserves would be mainly due to an increase in the fair value of 
interest rate swaps designated as hedges. 

A breakdown of the interest rates derivatives as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, is provided 
in Note 9. 

-  Currency risk 
- 

The main cash flows in the entities included in these Consolidated Financial Statements are 
cash collections arising from long-term contracts with clients and debt payments arising 
from project finance repayment. Given that financing of the projects is typically closed in 
the same currency in which the contract with client is signed, a natural hedge exists for the 
main operations of the Company. 

In addition, to further mitigate this exposure, the Company policy is to contract currency 
options  with  leading  financial  institutions,  which  guarantee  a  minimum  Euro-U.S.  dollar 
exchange rate on the net distributions expected from solar assets in Europe. The net Euro 
exposure is 100% hedged for the coming 12 months and 75% for the following 12 months 
on a rolling basis. 

Although the Company hedges cash-flows in euros, fluctuations in the value of the euro in 

334 

 
 
 
relation to the U.S. dollar may affect its operating results. For example, revenue in euro-
denominated  companies  could  decrease  when  translated  to  U.S.  dollars  at  the  average 
foreign exchange rate solely due to a decrease in the average foreign exchange rate, in spite 
of  revenue  in  the  original  currency  being  stable.  Fluctuations  in  the  value  of  the  South 
African rand, the Colombian peso and the Uruguayan peso with respect to the U.S. dollar 
may  also  affect  the  operating  results  of  the  Company.  Apart  from  the  impact  of  these 
translation  differences,  the  exposure  of  the  income  statement  of  the  Company  to 
fluctuations  of  foreign  currencies  is  limited,  as  the  financing  of  projects  is  typically 
denominated in the same currency as that of the contracted revenue agreement. 

b)  Credit risk 

The Company considers that it has a limited credit risk with clients as revenues primarily derive 
from power purchase agreements with electric utilities and state-owned entities. In addition, the 
diversification by geography and business sector helps to diversify credit risk exposure by diluting 
the exposure of the Company to a single client. 

c)  Liquidity risk 

Atlantica’s  liquidity  and  financing  policy  is  intended  to  ensure  that  the  Company  maintains 
sufficient funds to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. 

Project finance borrowing permits the Company to finance the project through project debt and 
thereby insulate the rest of its assets from such credit exposure. The Company incurs in project-
finance debt on a project-by-project basis. 

The  repayment  profile  of  each  project  is  established  on  the  basis  of  the  projected  cash  flow 
generation of the business. This ensures that sufficient financing is available to meet deadlines and 
maturities,  which  mitigates  the  liquidity  risk  significantly.  In  addition,  the  Company  maintains  a 
periodic communication with its lenders and regular monitoring of debt covenants and minimum 
ratios. 

Corporate and Project debt repayment schedules are disclosed in Note 14 and 15, respectively. 

d)  Capital risk management 

The Company manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Company will be able to continue as 
a going concern while maximising the return to shareholders through the optimisation of the debt 
and equity balance. The capital structure of the Company consists of net debt (borrowings disclosed 
in Notes 14 and 15 after deducting cash and bank balances disclosed in Note 12) and equity of the 
Company  (comprising  issued  capital,  reserves  and  accumulated  deficit).  The  board  of  directors 
review the capital structure on a regular basis. As part of this review, the Company considers the 
cost of capital and the risks associated with each class of capital.  

e)  Gearing ratio 

The gearing ratio at the year-end is as follows: 

335 

 
 
 
Debt 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Net Debt 

Equity 

 Balance as of 
December 31, 2022 
$’000 

 Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

5,570,252 
600,990 

6,059,264 
622,689 

4,969,262 

5,436,575 

1,789,048 

1,748,605 

Net debt to equity ratio 

278% 

311% 

Corporate and Project debt repayment schedules are disclosed in Note 14 and 15, respectively. 

4.  Financial information by segment 

Atlantica’s  segment  structure  reflects  how  management  currently  makes  financial  decisions  and 
allocates resources. Its operating and reportable segments are based on the following geographies 
where the contracted concessional assets are located: North America, South America and EMEA. In 
addition, based on the type of business, as of December 31, 2022, the Company had the following 
business sectors: Renewable energy, Efficient natural gas and Heat, Transmission lines and Water.  

Atlantica’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), which is the CEO, assesses the performance 
and assignment of resources according to the identified operating segments. The CODM considers 
the revenue as a measure of the business activity and the Adjusted EBITDA as a measure of the 
performance  of  each  segment.  Adjusted  EBITDA  is  calculated  as  profit/(loss)  for  the  year 
attributable to the parent company, after adding back loss/(profit) attributable to non-controlling 
interest,  income  tax  expense,  financial  expense  net,  depreciation,  amortization  and  impairment 
charges  of  entities  included  in  these  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and  depreciation  and 
amortization, financial expense and income tax of unconsolidated affiliates (pro rata of Atlantica´s 
equity ownership).  

In  order  to  assess  performance  of  the  business,  the  CODM  receives  reports  of  each  reportable 
segment  using  revenue  and  Adjusted  EBITDA.  Net  interest  expense  evolution  is  assessed  on  a 
consolidated  basis.  Financial  expense  and  amortization  are  not  taken  into  consideration  by  the 
CODM for the allocation of resources. 

In the year ended December 31, 2022, Atlantica had three customers with revenues representing 
more than 10% of total revenue, two in the renewable energy and one in the efficient natural gas 
and heat business sectors. In the year ended December 31, 2021, Atlantica had one customer with 
revenues  representing  more  than  10%  of  the  total  revenue,  in  the  renewable  energy  business 
sector. 

a) 

The following tables show Revenues and Adjusted EBITDA by operating segments and 
business sectors for the years 2022 and 2021: 

336 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue 
$’000 

 Adjusted EBITDA 
$’000 

For the year ended December 31, 

For the year ended December 31, 

Geography 

North America  

South America  

EMEA  

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

405,047 

166,441 

530,541 

395,775 

154,985 

660,989 

309,988 

126,551 

360,561 

311,803 

119,547 

393,038 

Total 

1,102,029 

1,211,749 

797,100 

824,388 

Revenue 
$’000 

For the year ended December 31, 

2022 

2021 

821,377 

113,591 

113,273 

53,788 

928,525 

123,692 

105,680 

53,852 

 Adjusted EBITDA 
$’000 

For the year ended 
December 31, 

2022 

588,016 

84,560 

88,010 

36,514 

2021 

602,583 

99,935 

83,635 

38,235 

1,102,029 

1,211,749 

797,100 

824,388 

Business sector 
Renewable energy  

Efficient  natural  gas  & 
Heat 
Transmission lines 

Water  

Total 

The reconciliation of segment Adjusted EBITDA with the loss attributable to the parent company 
is as follows:  

Profit/(loss) attributable to the Company 
Profit attributable to non-controlling interest 
Income tax expense, (income) 
Financial expense, net 
Depreciation, amortization, and impairment charges 
Depreciation  and  amortization,  financial  expense  and 
income  tax  expense  of  unconsolidated  affiliates  pro 
rata of Atlantica´s equity ownership 

For the year ended December 31, 

2022 
$’000 

2021 
$’000 

(5,443) 
3,356 
(9,689) 
310,934 
473,638 
24,304 

(30,080) 
19,162 
36,220 
340,892 
439,441 
18,753 

Total segment Adjusted EBITDA 

797,100 

824,388 

b) 

The assets and liabilities by geography and business sector at the end of 2022 and 2021 

are as follows: 

Assets and liabilities by geography as of December 31, 2022: 

337 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Assets allocated 

concessional,  PP&E  and  other 

Contracted 
intangible assets 
Investments carried under the equity method 

Other current financial assets 

Cash and cash equivalents (project companies) 

Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated assets 

Other non-current assets 

Other  current  assets  (including  cash  and  cash 
equivalents at holding company level) 

Subtotal unallocated 

Total assets 

Liabilities allocated 

Long-term and short-term project debt 

Grants and other liabilities 

Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated liabilities 

Long-term and short-term corporate debt 

Other non-current liabilities 

Other current liabilities 

Subtotal unallocated 

Total liabilities 

Equity unallocated 

Total liabilities and equity unallocated 

Total liabilities and equity 

North 
America 

$’000 

South 
America 

$’000 

EMEA 

$’000 

  Balance as of 
December 31, 2022 

$’000 

3,167,490 

1,241,879 

3,073,889 

7,483,259 

210,704 

118,385 

187,568 

4,450 

31,136 

85,697 

44,878 

46,373 

266,557 

260,031 

195,893 

539,822 

3,684,147 

1,363,162 

3,431,697 

8,479,005 

325,893 

296,013 

621,906 

9,100,911 

North 
America 
$’000 

South 
America 
$’000 

EMEA 

$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2022 
$’000 

1,713,125 

994,874 

841,906 

25,031 

1,998,021 

232,608 

2,707,999 

866,937 

2,230,629 

4,553,052 

1,252,513 

5,805,565 

1,017,200 

313,328 

175,771 

1,506,299 

7,311,864 

1,789,047 

3,295,346 

9,100,911 

338 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Assets and liabilities by geography as of December 31, 2021: 

Assets allocated 

concessional,  PP&E  and  other 

Contracted 
intangible assets 
Investments carried under the equity method 

Other current financial assets 

Cash and cash equivalents (project companies) 

Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated assets 

Other non-current assets 

Other  current  assets  (including  cash  and  cash 
equivalents at holding company level) 
Subtotal unallocated 

Total assets 

Liabilities allocated 

Long-term and short-term project debt 

Grants and other liabilities 

Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated liabilities 

Long-term and short-term corporate debt 

Other non-current liabilities 

Other current liabilities 

Subtotal unallocated 

Total liabilities 

Equity unallocated 

Total liabilities and equity unallocated 

Total liabilities and equity 

North 
America 
$’000 

South 
America 
$’000 

EMEA 

$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

3,355,669 

1,231,276 

3,434,623 

8,021,568 

253,221 

135,224 

171,744 

- 

28,155 

74,149 

41,360 

44,000 

287,655 

294,581 

207,379 

533,548 

3,915,858 

1,333,580 

  3,807,638 

9,057,076 

268,876 

425,978 

694,854 

                9,751,930 

North 
America 
$’000 

South 
America 
$’000 

EMEA 

$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

1,792,739 

1,051,679 

2,844,418 

887,497 

14,445 

901,942 

2,355,957 

197,620 

2,553,577 

5,036,193 

1,263,744 

6,299,937 

1,023,071 

532,312 

148,005 

1,703,388 

8,003,325 

1,748,605 

3,451,993 

9,751,930 

339 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets and liabilities by business sectors as of December 31, 2022: 

Assets allocated 

Contracted  concessional,  PP&E  and 
other intangible assets 
Investments  carried  under  the  equity 
method 
Other current financial assets 

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  (project 
companies) 
Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated assets 

Other non-current assets 

Other  current  assets  (including  cash 
and  cash  equivalents  at  holding 
company level) 
Subtotal unallocated 

Total assets 

Liabilities allocated 
Long-term  and  short-term  project 
debt 
Grants and other liabilities 

Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated liabilities 

Long-term  and  short-term  corporate 
debt 
Other non-current liabilities 
Other current liabilities 

Subtotal unallocated 

Total liabilities 

Equity unallocated 

liabilities 

Total 
unallocated 

and 

equity 

Total liabilities and equity 

Renewable 
energy 

Efficient 
natural gas 
& Heat 

$’000 

$’000 

  Transmission 

lines 

$’000 

  Water 

Balance as of 
December 31, 
2022 

$’000 

$’000 

6,035,091 

485,431 

800,067 

162,670 

7,483,259 

203,420 

10,034 

4,450 

42,128 

260,031 

6,706 

392,577 

116,366 

73,673 

30,582 

48,073 

42,240 

25,498 

195,893 

539,822 

6,637,794 

685,504 

883,172 

272,536 

8,479,005 

325,893 

296,013 

621,906 

9,100,911 

Renewable 
energy 

$’000 

Efficient 
natural 
gas & 
Heat 
$’000 

Transmission 
lines 

  Water 

  Balance as of 
December 31, 2022 

$’000 

$’000 

$’000 

3,442,625 

440,999 

582,689 

86,739 

4,553,052 

1,211,878 

4,654,503 

32,138 

473,137 

6,040 

588,729 

2,457 

89,196 

1,252,513 

5,805,565 

1,017,200 

313,328 
175,771 

1,506,299 

7,311,864 

1,789,047 

3,295,346 

9,100,911 

340 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Assets and liabilities by business sectors as of December 31, 2021: 

Renewable 
energy 

$’000 

Efficient 
natural gas 
& Heat 
$’000 

Transmission 
lines 

  Water 

$’000 

$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 
2021 
$’000 

6,533,408 

517,247 

805,987 

164,926 

8,021,568 

240,302 

15,358 

- 

38,921 

294,581 

10,761 
442,213 

128,461 
25,392 

27,813 
44,574 

40,344 
21,369 

207,379 
533,548 

7,226,684 

686,458 

878,374 

265,560 

9,057,076 

Assets allocated 
Contracted concessional, PP&E and other 
intangible assets 
Investments  carried  under  the  equity 
method 
Other current financial assets 
Cash  and  cash  equivalents 
companies) 
Subtotal allocated 

(project 

Unallocated assets 

Other non-current assets 
Other current assets (including cash and 
cash  equivalents  at  holding  company 
level) 
Subtotal unallocated 

Total assets 

Renewable 
energy 

$’000 

3,857,313 

1,244,346 

5,101,659 

Efficient 
natural 
gas & 
Heat 
$’000 

478,724 

11,212 

489,936 

Liabilities allocated 
Long-term and short-term project debt 

Grants and other liabilities 

Subtotal allocated 

Unallocated liabilities 

Long-term  and  short-term  corporate 
debt 
Other non-current liabilities 
Other current liabilities 

Subtotal unallocated 

Total liabilities 

Equity unallocated 

liabilities 

Total 
unallocated 

and 

equity 

Total liabilities and equity 

341 

268,876 
425,978 

694,854 

9,751,930 

Transmission 
lines 

  Water 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 

$’000 

$’000 

$’000 

602,278 

5,795 

97,878 

2,391 

608,073 

100,269 

5,036,193 

1,263,744 

6,299,937 

1,023,071 

532,312 
148,005 

1,703,388 

8,003,325 

1,748,605 

3,451,993 

9,751,930 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
c) 

The  amount  of  depreciation,  amortization  and  impairment  charges  recognized  for  the 

years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: 

Depreciation,  amortization  and 
geography 

impairment  by 

North America 

South America 

EMEA 

Total 

Depreciation,  amortization  and 
business sectors 

impairment  by 

Renewable energy 

Efficient natural gas & Heat  

Transmission lines 

Water 

Total 

5.  Business Combinations 

For the year ended December 31, 2022 

For the year ended December 31, 

$’000 

2022 

2021 

(182,159) 

(80,039) 

(211,440) 

(473,638) 

(152,946) 

(57,214) 

(229,281) 

(439,441) 

For the year ended December 31, 

$’000 

2022 

(434,042) 

(5,430) 

(32,466) 

(1,700) 

2021 

(432,138) 

23,910 

(31,286) 

73 

(473,638) 

(439,441) 

On January 17, 2022, the Company closed the acquisition of Chile TL4, a 63-mile transmission line 
and 2 substations in Chile for a total equity investment of $38.4 million. Atlantica has control over 
Chile TL4 under IFRS 10, Consolidated Financial Statements. The acquisition of Chile TL4 has been 
accounted  for  in  these  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS  3,  Business 
Combinations. Chile TL4 is included within the Transmission Lines sector and the South America 
geography. 

On April 4, 2022, the Company closed the acquisition of Italy PV 4, a 3.6 MW solar portfolio in Italy 
for a total equity investment of $3.7 million. Atlantica has control over Italy PV 4 under IFRS 10, 
Consolidated Financial Statements. The acquisition of Italy PV 4 has been accounted for in these 
Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS 3, Business Combinations. Italy PV4 is 
included within the Renewable energy sector and the EMEA geography. 

On September 2, 2022 the Company closed the acquisition of Chile PV 3, a 73 MW solar PV plant 
through  its  renewable  energy  platform  in  Chile  for  a  total  equity  investment  of  $7.7  million. 
Atlantica  has  control  over  Chile  PV  3  under  IFRS  10,  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  The 
acquisition  of  Chile PV  3  has  been accounted  for  in  these  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  in 
accordance with IFRS 3, Business Combinations, showing 65% of non-controlling interests. Chile 
PV 3 is included within the Renewable energy sector and the South America geography. 

The  fair  value  of  assets  and  liabilities  consolidated  at  the  effective  acquisition  date  is  shown  in 

342 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  aggregate on the basis that they are individually not significant in the following table: 

Property, plant and equipment under IAS 16 (Note 6) 

Rights of use under IFRS 16 (Lessee) or intangible assets under IAS 38 (Note 6)   

Cash & cash equivalents 

Other current assets 

Non-current Project debt (Note 15) 

Current Project debt (Note 15) 

Other current and non-current liabilities 

Non-controlling interests 

Total net assets acquired at fair value 

Asset acquisition – purchase price paid 

Net result of business combinations 

Business 
combinations 
for the year ended 
December 31, 2022 
$’000 

58,002 

16,993 

1,057 

8,283 

(1,301) 

(148) 

(18,919) 

(14,300) 

49,667 

(49,667) 

- 

The purchase price equals the fair value of the net assets acquired. 

The allocation of the purchase price is provisional as of December 31, 2022 and amounts indicated 
above may be adjusted during the measurement period to reflect new information obtained about 
facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the 
amounts recognized as of December 31, 2022. The measurement period will not exceed one year 
from the acquisition dates. 

The amount of revenue contributed by the acquisitions performed during 2022 to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements of the Company for the year 2022 is $6.2 million, and the amount of profit 
after  tax  is  $1.7  million.  Had  the  acquisitions  been  consolidated  from  January  1,  2022,  the 
consolidated statement of comprehensive income would have included additional revenue of $4.8 
million and additional profit after tax of $1.7 million. 

For the year ended December 31, 2021 

On January 6, 2021, the Company completed its second investment through its Chilean renewable 
energy platform in a 40 MW solar PV plant, Chile PV 2, located in Chile, for approximately $5 million. 
Atlantica  has  control  over  Chile  PV  2  under  IFRS  10,  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  The 
acquisition of Chile PV 2 had been accounted for in these Consolidated Financial Statements in 
accordance with IFRS 3, Business Combinations, showing 65% of non-controlling interests. Chile 
PV 2 is included within the Renewable energy sector and the South America geography. 

343 

 
  
  
    
  
    
    
    
  
    
    
    
    
    
 
  On  January  8,  2021,  the  Company  completed  the  purchase  of  an  additional  42.5%  stake  in 
Rioglass, a supplier of spare parts and services to the solar industry, increasing its stake from 15% 
to 57.5% and gaining control over the business under IFRS 10, Consolidated Financial Statements. 
The  purchase  price  paid  was  $8.6  million,  and  the  Company  paid  an  additional  $3.7  million 
(deductible from the final payment) for an option to acquire the remaining 42.5% under the same 
conditions until September 2021. On July 22, 2021, the Company exercised the option paying an 
additional $4.8 million, becoming the sole shareholder of the entity. Rioglass is included within the 
Renewable  energy  sector  and  the  EMEA  geography.  The  acquisition  of  Rioglass  had  been 
accounted  for  in  these  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS  3,  Business 
Combinations. 

On  April  7,  2021,  the  Company  closed  the  acquisition  of  Coso,  a  135  MW  renewable  asset  in 
California. The purchase price paid was $130 million. Atlantica has control over Coso under IFRS 
10,  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and  its  acquisition  had  been  accounted  for  in  these 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS  3,  Business  Combinations.  Coso  is 
included within the Renewable energy sector and the North America geography. 

On May 14, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of Calgary District Heating, a district heating 
asset of approximately 55 MWt in Canada. The purchase price paid was approximately $22.9 million. 
The acquisition had been accounted for in these Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance 
with IFRS 3, Business Combinations. Calgary District Heating is included within the Efficient natural 
gas and Heat sector and the North America geography. 

On August 6, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of Italy PV 1 and Italy PV 2, two solar PV 
plants in Italy with a combined capacity of 3.7 MW for a total equity investment of $9 million. The 
acquisition had been accounted for in these Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with 
IFRS 3, Business Combinations. These assets are included within the Renewable energy sector and 
the EMEA geography. 

On November 25, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of La Sierpe, a 20 MW solar PV plant 
in Colombia for a total equity investment of approximately $23.5 million. The acquisition had been 
accounted  for  in  these  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS  3,  Business 
Combinations. La Sierpe is included within the Renewable energy sector and the South America 
geography. 

On December 14, 2021, the Company closed the acquisition of Italy PV 3, a 2.5 MW solar asset in 
Italy  for  a  total  equity  investment  of  approximately  $4.0  million.  The  acquisition  had  been 
accounted  for  in  these  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS  3,  Business 
Combinations. Italy PV 3 is included within the Renewable Energy sector and the EMEA geography. 

The  fair  value  of  assets  and  liabilities  consolidated  at  the  effective  acquisition  date  is  shown  in 
aggregate under Other on the basis that they are individually not significant in the following table: 

344 

 
Business combinations 
for the year ended December 31, 2021 
$’000 

   Coso 

     Other  

Total  

Property, plant and equipment under IAS 16 (Note 6) 

383,153        

137,426        

520,579   

Rights of use under IFRS 16 (Lessee) or intangible 

assets under IAS 38 (Note 6) 

-  

22,149  

22,149  

Deferred tax asset (Note 18) 

-        

 4,410           

4,410     

Other non-current assets 

Cash & cash equivalents 

Other current assets 

11,024        

 1,943           

12,967   

6,363        

 14,649           

21,012   

14,378        

 46,632           

61,010   

Non-current Project debt (Note 15) 

(248,544 )      

(39,808 )      

(288,352)   

Current Project debt (Note 15) 

(13,415 )      

(25,366 )      

(38,781 ) 

Deferred tax liabilities (Note 18) 

- 

(4,910 ) 

(4,910 ) 

Other current and non-current liabilities 

(22,959 )      

(64,922 )      

(87,881 ) 

Non-controlling interests 

-        

(8,287 )      

(8,287 ) 

Total net assets acquired at fair value 

     130,000        

83,916         213,916 

Asset acquisition – purchase price paid 

(130,000 )      

(80,868 )      

(210,868)   

Fair value of previously held 15% stake in Rioglass 

-        

(3,048 )      

(3,048 ) 

Net result of business combinations 

-        

-        

- 

The purchase price equalled the fair value of the net assets acquired. 

The amount of revenue contributed by the acquisitions performed during 2021 to the Consolidated 
Financial  Statements  of  the  Company  for  the  year  2021  was  $163.5  million,  and  the  amount  of 
profit after tax was $0.8 million. Had the acquisitions been consolidated from January 1, 2021, the 
consolidated statement of comprehensive income would have included additional revenue of $17.7 
million and additional profit after tax of $3.3 million. 

The  provisional  period  for  the  purchase  price  allocation  of  all  the  businesses  acquired  in  2021 
closed during the year 2022 and did not result in significant adjustments to the initial amounts 
recognized. 

345 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
 
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
 
  
  
    
    
 
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
  6. Contracted Concessional, PP&E and Other Intangible Assets 

The  Company  has  assets  recorded  as  intangible or  financial  assets  in  accordance with  IFRIC  12, 
property plant and equipment in accordance with IAS 16 and right of use assets under IFRS 16 or 
intangible assets under IAS 38. 

For further details on the application of IFRIC 12 to assets of the Company, see Note 26. 

a) 

The following table shows the movements of assets included in the heading “Contracted 

Concessional, PP&E and other intangible assets” for 2022: 

Cost 

Financial 
assets 
under IFRIC 
12 

Financial 
assets 
under IFRS 
16 
(Lessor) 

Intangible 
assets under 
IFRIC 12 

Right of use 
assets under 
IFRS 16 
(Lessee) and 
intangible 
assets under 
IAS 38 

Property, 
plant and 
equipment 
under IAS 16  

Total assets 

Total as of January 1, 
2022 

Additions 

Subtractions  

Business combinations 
(Note 5) 
Currency translation 
differences 
Reclassification and 
other movements 

Total Cost as of 
December 31, 2022 

874,525 

2,843 

9,202,539 

100,109 

839,119 

11,019,135 

- 
- 

- 

1,760 

(58,115) 

- 
(57) 

32,941 
(499) 

4,155 
(1,350) 

80,196 
(8,655) 

117,292 
(10,561) 

- 

1 

- 

- 

16,993 

58,002 

74,995 

(261,536) 

(4,531) 

(21,006) 

(285,312) 

2,798 

(6,200) 

8,950 

(52,567) 

818,170 

2,787 

8,976,243 

109,176 

956,606 

10,862,982 

Depreciation, 
amortization and 
impairment 

Financial 
assets 
under 
IFRIC 12 

Financial 
assets 
under 
IFRS 16 
(Lessor) 

Intangible 
assets under 
IFRIC 12 

Right of use 
assets 
under IFRS 
16 (Lessee) 
and 
intangible 
assets 
under IAS 
38 
(21,578) 
(6,419) 
859 

Property, 
plant and 
equipment 
under IAS 16  

Total assets 

(143,755) 
(64,306) 
7,643 

(2,997,567) 
(475,924) 
8,502 

79,206 

822 

5,346 

85,266 

(62,889) 
(6,560) 
- 

(108) 

- 
- 
- 

- 

(2,769,345) 
(398,639) 
- 

Total as of January 1, 2022 
Additions 
Subtractions 
Currency translation 
differences 

Total depreciation, 
amortization and 
impairment as of 
December 31, 2022 

Total net book value as of 
December 31, 2022 

(69,557) 

- 

(3,088,778) 

(26,316) 

(195,072) 

(3,379,723) 

748,613 

2,787 

5,887,465 

82,860 

761,534 

7,483,259 

346 

 
 
The decrease in the contracted concessional assets cost is primarily due to the lower value of the 
Euro  denominated  assets  since  the  exchange  rate  of  the  Euro  decreased  against  the  U.S.  dollar 
since December 31, 2021, that more than offsets the increase resulting from business combinations 
and the additions for the year that primarily correspond to investments in operating concessional 
assets and assets under development or construction. The increase in accumulated depreciation, 
amortization  and  impairment  is  primarily  due  to  the  amortization  charge  for  the  year  and  the 
impairment registered in Solana, Chile PV1 and Chile PV2 (see further explanation below).  

The decrease included in “Reclassification and other movement” is mainly due to the reclassification 
from  the  long  to  the  short  term  of  the  current  portion  of  the  contracted  concessional  financial 
assets. 

b) 

The following table shows the movements of assets included in the heading “Contracted 

Concessional, PP&E and other intangible assets” for 2021: 

Cost 

Financial 
assets 
under IFRIC 
12 

Financial 
assets 
under IFRS 
16 
(Lessor) 

Intangible 
assets under 
IFRIC 12 

Right of use 
assets under 
IFRS 16 
(Lessee) and 
intangible 
assets under 
IAS 38 

Property, 
plant and 
equipment 
under IAS 16  

Total assets 

Total as of January 1, 
2021 
Additions 
Subtractions  
Business combinations 
(Note 5) 
Currency translation 
differences 
Reclassification and 
other movements 

Total Cost as of 
December 31, 2021 

936,837 

2,941 

9,467,309 

80,030 

336,920 

10,824,037 

922 
- 

- 

442 
- 

- 

40,383 
(348) 

3,639 
(16) 

13,204 
(21,266) 

58,410 
(21,630) 

- 

22,149 

519,931 

542,080 

(9,519) 

(540) 

(334,497) 

(5,693) 

(20,029) 

(370,278) 

(53,715) 

- 

29,692 

- 

10,539 

(13,484) 

874,525 

2,843 

9,202,539 

100,109 

839,119 

11,019,135 

347 

 
   
 
 
 
Total as of January 1, 2021 
Additions 
Reversal of impairment 
Currency translation 
differences 

Total depreciation, 
amortization and 
impairment as of 
December 31, 2021 

Total net book value as of 
December 31, 2021 

Depreciation, 
amortization and 
impairment 

Financial 
assets 
under 
IFRIC 12 

Financial 
assets 
under 
IFRS 16 
(Lessor) 

Intangible 
assets under 
IFRIC 12 

Right of use 
assets 
under IFRS 
16 (Lessee) 
and 
intangible 
assets 
under IAS 
38 
(16,171) 
(6,370) 
- 

Property, 
plant and 
equipment 
under IAS 16  

Total assets 

(122,239) 
(29,392) 
- 

(2,668,619) 
(460,361) 
24,929 

97,356 

963 

7,876 

106,484 

(87,689) 
(418) 
24,929 

289 

- 
- 
- 

- 

(2,442,520) 
(424,181) 
- 

(62,889) 

- 

(2,769,345) 

(21,578) 

(143,755) 

(2,997,567) 

811,636 

2,843 

6,433,194 

78,531 

695,364 

8,021,568 

The increase in the contracted concessional assets cost was primarily due to business combinations 
for  a  total  amount  of  $542  million  (Note  5),  partially  offset  by  the  lower  value  of  the  Euro 
denominated assets since the exchange rate of the Euro decreased against the U.S. dollar since 
December 31, 2020. 

This increase was mainly offset by the depreciation and amortization charge for the year and the 
impairment registered in Solana (see further explanation below). 

The  decrease  included  in  “Reclassification  and  other  movement”  was  mainly  due  to  the 
reclassification  from  the  long  to  the  short  term  of  the  current  portion  of  the  contracted 
concessional financial assets. 

Solana triggering event of impairment 

Considering the continued delays in the works and replacements that the Company is carrying out 
in the storage system at Solana and their impact on production in 2022, as well as an increase in 
the discount rate, the Company identified an impairment triggering event, in accordance with IAS 
36, Impairment of assets. As a result, an impairment test has been performed using historical level 
of output (generation), which resulted in the recording of an impairment loss of $41 million in 2022 
($43 million in 2021). 

The  impairment  has  been  recorded  within  the  line  “Depreciation,  amortization  and  impairment 
charges” of the consolidated income statement, decreasing the amount of Intangible assets under 
IFRIC  12  pertaining  to  the  Renewable  energy  sector  and  the  North  America  geography.  The 
recoverable amount considered is the value in use and amounts to $881 million for Solana, as of 
December 31, 2022 ($943 million as of December 31, 2021). A specific discount rate has been used 
in  each  year  considering  changes  in  the  debt/equity  leverage  ratio  over  the  useful  life  of  this 
project, resulting in the use of a range of pre-tax discount rates between 5.9% and 6.3% (between 
4.9% and 5.9% in 2021). 

348 

 
 
  An adverse change in the key assumptions which are individually used for the valuation could 
lead  to  future  impairment  recognition;  specifically,  a  5%  decrease  in  generation  over  the  entire 
remaining  useful  life  (PPA)  of  the  project  would  generate  an  additional  impairment  of 
approximately $59 million. An increase of 50 basis points in the discount rate would lead to an 
additional impairment of approximately $33 million. 

Chile PV1 and Chile PV2 triggering event of impairment 

Considering that expected electricity prices in Chile over the remaining useful life of Chile PV1 and 
Chile PV2 have recently decreased and are currently lower than the prices assumed at the time of 
the acquisition, the Company identified an impairment triggering event, in accordance with IAS 36, 
Impairment of assets. As a result, an impairment test has been performed which resulted in the 
recording of an impairment loss of $8 million for Chile PV1 and $12 million for Chile PV2 in 2022. 

The  impairment  has  been  recorded  within  the  line  “Depreciation,  amortization  and  impairment 
charges”  of  the  consolidated  income  statement,  decreasing  the  amount  of  Property,  plant  and 
equipment  under  IAS  16  pertaining  to  the  Renewable  energy  sector  and  the  South  America 
geography. The recoverable amount considered is the value in use and amounts to $58 million for 
Chile PV1 and $22 million for Chile PV2, as of December 31, 2022. A specific discount rate has been 
used in each year considering changes in the debt/equity leverage ratio over the useful life of these 
projects, resulting in the use of a range of pre-tax discount rates between 7.5% and 8.4% for Chile 
PV1 and 7.5% and 8.3% for Chile PV2. 

An adverse change in the key assumptions which are individually used for the valuation could lead 
to future impairment recognition; specifically, a 5% decrease in  electricity prices over the entire 
remaining  useful  life  of  these  projects  would  generate  an  additional  total  impairment  of 
approximately  $5  million.  An  increase  of  50  basis  points  in  the  discount  rate  would  lead  to  an 
additional total impairment of approximately $3 million. 

The  Company  did  not  identify  any  other  triggering  event  of  impairment  of  its  contracted 
concessional assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. 

Expected credit losses 

The impairment provision based on the expected credit losses on contracted concessional financial 
assets, calculated in accordance with IFRS 9, Financial instruments, increased by $7 million in the 
year ended December 31, 2022, (decreased by $25 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, 
primarily in ACT, following an improvement of its client´s credit risk metrics), primarily in ACT. 

7.  Investments Carried Under the Equity Method 

The table below shows the breakdown and the movement of the investments held in associates 
and joint ventures for 2022 and 2021: 

349 

 
 
 
 
 
Investments in associates and joint ventures 

Initial balance 
Share of profit 
Distributions 
Acquisitions  

Others (incl. currency translation differences) 

Final balance 

2022 
$‘000     

294,581       
21,465       
(57,537 )     
4,901       

(3,379)       

260,031       

2021 
$‘000   

116,614   
12,304   
(36,877)  
202,345   
195 

294,581   

In November 2022, Atlantica closed the acquisition of a 49% interest, with joint control, in Chile 
PMGD, an 80MW portfolio of solar PV assets in Chile, which is currently starting construction (Note 
1).  Chile  PMGD  is  accounted  for  in  these  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  using  the  equity 
method as per IAS28 – Investments in Associates.  

The  decrease  in  investments  carried  under  the  equity  method  in  2022,  is  primarily  due  to  the 
distributions  received  by  AYES  Canada from  Amherst  Island  Partnership for $20.9  million  ($17.7 
million  in  2021),  distributions  from  Vento  II  for  $32.6  million  ($14.8  million  in  2021)  and  from 
Honaine for $4.0 million ($4.4 million in 2021), partially offset by the share of profit of associates 
for $21.5 million ($12.3 million in 2021) and the investment made in Chile PMGD in November, 
2022  for  $4.5  million.  A  significant  portion  of  the  distributions  received  from  Amherst  Island 
Partnership are distributed by the Company to Algonquin Power Co. (Note 13).  

The tables below shows a breakdown of stand-alone amounts of assets, revenues and profit and 
loss as well as other information of interest for the years 2022 and 2021 for the  entities carried 
under the equity method: 

350 

 
 
  
    
    
    
    
    
  
    
 
 
% 
Shares 
of the Company     

Non- 
current 
assets 

Company 
2007 Vento II, LLC 

Current 
assets      

Project 
debt 

Other non- 
current 
liabilities 

Other  
current 
liabilities     Revenue     

Operating 
profit/ 
(loss) 

Net 
profit/ 
(loss) 

Investment 
under the 
equity 
method 

(1) 

49.00 

    435,029     14,198   

- 

 57,596 

   11,515 

   103,362      42,662  

   40,992    

181,735  

Windlectric Inc 

(2) 

Myah Bahr 
Honaine, 
S.P.A.(3) 

Pemcorp SAPI de 

30.00 

      278,504     3,338   

- 

 167,519 

   43,227 

    24,996      10,560  

(15)    

18,935   

25.50 

      150,623     66,246    43,579  18,902 

   4,257 

    55,267      33,374  

   26,768    

42,128   

CV (4) 

30.00 

      138,931    112,352   159,382  90,474 

   4,328 

    45,625      1,680  

  (17,747)    

10,034   

Pectonex, R.F. 
Proprietary 
Limited 

Evacuacion 

Valdecaballeros, 
S.L. 

Evacuacion 

Villanueva del 
Rey, S.L 

Liberty 

Infraestructuras 
S.L. 

Akuo Atlantica 

PMGD  Holding 
S.P.A. (5) 

Fontanil Solar, 

S.L.U. 

Murum Solar, 

S.L.U. 

As of December 31, 

2022 

50.00 

2,045    

-   

- 

 - 

   1 

-     

(168 ) 

(168 )   

1,411 

57.16 

       15,551     1,020   

- 

 13,635 

   232 

860     

(60  

(89 )   

858   

40.02 

2,317    

12   

- 

 1,386 

   111 

-     

57  

-    

-   

20.00 

93    

283   

- 

 - 

   37 

-     

-  

(22 )   

29   

49.00 

    14,814     2,828   

- 

 8,755 

   326 

-     

-  

(348)    

4,450  

25.00 

117    

7   

- 

 99 

   24 

-     

(1)  

(2)    

229  

25.00 

228    

8   

- 

 180 

   59 

-     

(1)  

(5)    

222  

260,031   

351 

 
   
 
  
    
    
    
    
  
  
    
  
    
    
    
      
   
  
 
    
   
  
    
      
   
  
    
      
   
  
  
   
  
  
   
   
  
  
   
   
  
 
    
  
 
 
    
 
 
   
     
    
    
  
  
     
 
 
 
% 
Shares of 
the 
Company     

Non- 
current 
assets 

Current 
assets 

Project  
debt  

Company 
2007 Vento II, LLC 

Other  
non- 
current 
liabilities     

Other 
current 
liabilities     Revenue     

Operating 
profit/ 
(loss) 

Net 
profit/ 
(loss) 

Investment 
under the 
equity 
method 

(1) 

49.00       459,037        13,511     

-        62,387        10,259        104,461       

34,216        

32,806         195,952 

Windlectric Inc (2)      

30.00       310,751        11,036       

-        207,404        38,126        24,008       

10,442        

152         41,911 

Myah Bahr 
Honaine, 
S.P.A.(3) 

Pemcorp SAPI de 

25.50       151,830        59,020        51,721        18,142       

3,293        53,450       

33,935        

24,899         38,922 

CV (4) 

30.00       127,892       117,083       146,931        101,439       

2,925        40,166       

6,561        

(6,522 )       15,358 

Pectonex, R.F. 
Proprietary 
Limited 

Evacuación 

Valdecaballeros, 
S.L. 

Evacuación 

Villanueva del 
Rey, S.L 

Liberty 

Infraestructuras 
S.L. 

As of December 
31, 2021 

50.00        2,356       

-       

-       

-       

1       

-       

(186 )      

(186 )      

1,495 

57.16        17,185       

976       

-        15,022       

156       

938       

(63 )      

(93 )      

923 

40.02        2,637       

63       

-       

1,601       

172       

-       

59        

-        

- 

20.00       

238       

46       

-       

-       

5 

-       

(54 )      

(54 )      

21 

          294,581 

The Company has no control over Evacuacion Valdecaballeros, S.L. as all relevant decisions of this 
company require the approval of a minimum of shareholders accounting for more than 75% of the 
shares. 

None of the associated companies referred to above is a listed company. 

(1) 2007 Vento II, LLC, is the holding company of a 596 MW portfolio of wind assets in the U.S., 49% owned by Atlantica since June 16, 
2021, and accounted for under the equity method in these Consolidated Financial Statements (Note 1). Share of profit of 2007 Vento II, 
LLC. included in these Consolidated Financial Statements amounts to $20.1 million in 2022 and $8.4 million in 2021. 

 (2) Windlectric Inc., the project entity, is 100% owned by Amherst Island Partnership which is accounted for under the equity method 
in these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

(3) Myah Bahr Honaine, S.P.A., the project entity, is 51% owned by Geida Tlemcen, S.L. which is accounted for using the equity method 
in these Consolidated Financial Statements. Geida Tlemcen, S.L. is 50% owned by Atlantica. Share of profit of Myah Bahr Honaine S.P.A. 
included in these Consolidated Financial Statements amounts to $6.8 million in 2022 and $6.4 million in 2021.  

(4) Pemcorp SAPI de CV, Monterrey´s project entity, is 100% owned by Arroyo Netherlands II B.V. which is accounted for under the 
equity method in these Consolidated Financial Statements. Arroyo Netherlands II B.V. is 30% owned by Atlantica. Share of profit of 
Pemcorp SAPI de CV included in these Consolidated Financial Statements amounts to a loss of $5.3 million in 2022 and a loss of $2.0 
million in 2021. 

352 

 
 
  
  
    
    
    
     
     
  
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
    
    
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
         
 
  (5) Akuo Atlantica PMGD Holding S.P.A. is the holding company of a 80MW portfolio of solar PV assets in Chile, which is currently 
starting construction, 49% owned by Atlantica, with joint control since November 2022 and accounted for under the equity method 
in these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

8.  Financial instruments by Category 

Financial instruments, in addition to financial assets included within Contracted concessional, PP&E 
and other intangible assets disclosed in Note 6, are primarily deposits, derivatives, trade and other 
receivables and loans. Financial instruments by category (current and non-current), reconciled with 
the statement of financial position as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: 

Category 
Derivative assets 
Investment in Ten West Link 
Financial  assets  under  IFRIC  12 
(short-term portion) (*) 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and other equivalents 
Other financial assets 

Total financial assets 

Corporate debt (**) 

Project debt (**) 
Trade and other current liabilities 
Derivative liabilities 

Total financial liabilities 

Notes 

9 

11 
12 

14 

15 
17 
9 

Amortized Cost 
$’000 

Fair value through 
Other Comprehensive 
Income 
$´000 

Fair value 
through 
profit or loss 
$’000 

Balance as of 
12.31.22 
$’000 

- 
- 

186,841 

200,334 
600,990 
71,949 
1,060,114 

1,017,200 

4,553,052 
140,230 
- 

5,710,482 

- 
15,959 

- 

- 
- 
- 
15,959 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

97,381 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
97,381 

- 

- 
- 
16,847 

16,847 

97,381 
15,959 
186,841 

200,334 
600,990 
71,949 
1,173,454 

1,017,200 

4,553,052 
140,230 
16,847 

5,727,329 

Category 
Derivative assets 
Investment in Ten West Link 
Financial  assets  under  IFRIC  12 
(short-term portion) (*) 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and other equivalents 
Other financial assets 

Total financial assets 

Corporate debt (**) 

Project debt (**) 
Trade and other current liabilities 
Derivative liabilities 

Total financial liabilities 

Notes 

9 

11 
12 

14 

15 
17 
9 

Amortized Cost 
$’000 

Fair value through 
Other Comprehensive 
Income 
$´000 

Fair value 
through 
profit or loss 
$’000 

Balance as of 
12.31.21 
$’000 

- 
14,459 

- 

- 
- 
- 
14,459 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

12,960 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
12,960 

- 

- 
- 
223,453 

12,960 
14,459 
188,912 

307,143 
622,689 
87,657 
1,233,820 

1,023,071 

5,036,193 
113,907 
223,453 

223,453 

6,396,624 

- 
- 

188,912 

307,143 
622,689 
87,657 
1,206,401 

1,023,071 

5,036,193 
113,907 
- 

6,173,171 

353 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  (*)  The  long-term  portion  of  Financial  assets  under  IFRIC  12  is  included  within  the  line  Contracted  concessional,  PP&E  and  other 
intangible assets (Note 6). 

(**) The percentage of Corporate and Project debt at fixed interest or hedged is 96% and 92% respectively as of December 31, 2022 (99% 
and 92% respectively as of December 31, 2021). 

Other financial assets as of December 31, 2022 and as of December 31, 2021 include among others, 
a loan to Monterrey (Note 7) and restricted cash for repairs or scheduled major maintenance work.  

Investment in Ten West Link is a 12.5% interest in a 114-mile transmission line in the U.S., currently 
under construction. 

9.  Derivative Financial Instruments 

The breakdown of the fair value amounts of the derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 
2022 and 2021 are as follows:  

Interest rate cash flow hedge 

Foreign exchange derivatives instruments 

Notes conversion option (Note 14) 

Total 

Balance as of 12.31.22 

Balance as of 12.31.21 

Assets  
$’000 

Liabilities  
$’000 

Assets  
$’000 

Liabilities  
$’000 

94,192 

3,189 

- 

97,381 

12,159 

- 

4,688 

16,847 

9,550 

3,410 

- 

12,960 

206,763 

- 

16,690 

223,453 

The derivatives are primarily interest rate cash-flow hedges. All are classified as non-current assets 
or non-current liabilities, as they hedge long-term financing agreements. 

As  stated  in  Note  3  to  these  consolidated  financial  statements,  the  general  policy  is  to  hedge 
variable interest rates of financing agreements using two types of hedging derivatives: 

- 

Interest rate swaps under which the Company receives the floating leg and pays the 
fixed leg; and 

-  Purchased call options (cap), in exchange of a premium to fix the maximum interest rate 

cost. 

The notional amounts hedged, strikes contracted and maturities, depending on the characteristics 
of the debt on which the interest rate risk is being hedged, can be diverse. As of December 31, 2022, 
approximately 92% of the Project debt and close to 96% of the Corporate debt of the Company 
either has fixed interest rates or has been hedged with swaps or caps (92% and 99%, respectively, 
as of December 31,2021) 

The table below shows a breakdown of the maturities of notional amounts of interest rate cash flow 
hedge derivatives designated as cash flow hedges as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. 

354 

 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
Notionals 

Up to 1 year 
Between 1 and 2 years 
Between 2 and 3 years 
Subsequent years 

Balance as of 12.31.22 
$’000 

Balance as of 12.31.21 
$’000 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

245,147 
310,393 
217,498 
659,186 

47,029 
102,476 
112,855 
280,016 

71,386 
304,930 
262,973 
217,989 

120,874 
249,785 
276,111 
852,696 

Total 

1,432,224 

542,376 

857,278 

1,499,466 

The  table  below  shows  a  breakdown  of  the  maturity  of  the  fair  values  of  interest  rate  cash  flow 
hedge derivative as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.  

Fair value 

Up to 1 year 
Between 1 and 2 years 

Between 2 and 3 years 

Subsequent years 

Total 

Balance as of 12.31.22 
$’000 

Balance as of 12.31.21 
$’000 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

10,868 

17,860 

12,257 
53,208 

(991) 

(2,189) 

(2,851) 
(6,128) 

678 
1,810 

2,268 

4,794 

(15,039) 
(33,670) 

(39,834) 

(118,220) 

94,192 

(12,159) 

9,550 

(206,763) 

The  net  amount  of  the  fair  value  of  interest  rate  derivatives  designated  as  cash  flow  hedges 
transferred to the consolidated income statement in 2022 is a loss of $38,187 thousand (loss of 
$58,292 thousand in 2021).  

The after-tax result accumulated in equity in connection with derivatives designated as cash flow 
hedges at the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, amount to a $345,567 thousand gain and 
a $171,272 thousand gain respectively. 

Additionally,  the  Company  has  currency  options  with  leading  international  financial  institutions, 
which  guarantee  minimum  Euro-U.S.  dollar  exchange  rates.  The  strategy  of  the  Company  is  to 
hedge the exchange rate for the net distributions from its European assets after deducting euro-
denominated  interest  payments  and  euro-denominated  general  and  administrative  expenses. 
Through currency options, the strategy of the Company is to hedge 100% of its euro-denominated 
net  exposure  for  the  next  12  months  and  75%  of  its  euro  denominated  net  exposure  for  the 
following 12 months, on a rolling basis. Change in fair value of these foreign exchange derivatives 
instruments are directly recorded in the consolidated income statement. 

Finally, the conversion option of the Green Exchangeable Notes issued in July 2020 (Note 14) is 
recorded as a derivative with a fair value (liability) of $5 million as of December 31, 2022 ($17 million 
as of December 31, 2021). 

10. Related Party Transactions 

The related parties of the Company are primarily Algonquin and its subsidiaries, non-controlling 
interests (Note 13), entities accounted for under the equity method (Note 7) as well as the Directors 
and the Senior Management of the Company. 

355 

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  Details of balances with related parties as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: 

Investments carried under the 
equity method: 

Arroyo Netherland II B.V 

Amherst Island Partnership 

Other 

Non controlling interest: 

Algonquin 

JGC Corporation 

Industrial Development 
Corporation of South Africa and 
Community Trust  

Other 

Total 

As of 
December 31, 

 Receivables 
(current) 

Receivables  
(non-
current) 

Payables 
(current) 

Payables 
(non-
current) 

$000 

1,097 
10,000 
- 
6,279 
127 
- 

- 
198 
- 
2,910 
- 

- 

- 
- 

$000 

17,006 
15,768 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

1,224 
19,837 

17,006 
15,768 

2022 
2021 
2022 
2021 
2022 
2021 

2022 
2021 
2022 
2021 
2022 

2021 

2022 
2021 

2022 
2021 

$000 

$000 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

4,762 
6,144 
- 
- 
- 

3,309 

21 
41 

4,783 
9,494 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
6,088 
- 
- 

- 

- 
5 

6,088 
5 

Receivables  with  Arroyo  Netherland  II  B.V,  the  holding  company  of  Pemcorp  SAPI  de  CV, 
Monterrey´s project entity (Note 7), correspond to the short and long term portion of the loan that 
was granted at acquisition date of the project and accrues an interest of Libor plus 6.31%. 

As of December 2021, Current receivable included a dividend to be collected from Amherst Island 
Partnership and a credit from Solacor 1 and 2 to JGC Corporation that was cancelled in 2022. 

Current  payables  primarily  include  the  dividend  to  be  paid  by  AYES  Canada  to  Algonquin.  The 
Current payable as of December 2021 with Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa and 
Community Trust corresponded to the residual amount of the loan granted by the non-controlling 
interests to Kaxu during the construction period which has been repaid during 2022. 

Non-current payables with JGC Corporation as of December 2022 include a subordinated debt with 
Solacor 1 and Solacor 2 that accrues an interest of Euribor plus 2.5% and with maturity date in 
2037. 

The transactions carried out by entities included in these Consolidated Financial Statements with 

356 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  related parties for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 have been as follows: 

Investments carried under the equity method: 

Arroyo Netherland II B.V 

Non controlling interests: 

Other 

Total 

Financial 
income 

Financial 
expense 

$000 

$000 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

2022 

2021 

1,275 

2,061 

23 

8 

1,298 

2,069 

- 

- 

(65) 

(97) 

(65) 

(97) 

The total amount of the remuneration received by the Board of Directors of the Company, including 
the CEO, amounts to $5.7 million in 2022 ($4.6 million in 2021), including $0.9 million of annual 
bonus  ($1.0  million  in 2021) and $3.0  million  of  long-term award vested  in  2022 ($1.9  million  in 
2021). The increase of the total remuneration in 2022 is mainly due to the increase of the long-term 
award, as a result of the vesting in 2022 of a portion of the share options awarded from 2019 to 
2022 and the increase of Atlantica’s share price from the date of such awards being granted. None 
of the directors received any pension remuneration in 2022 nor 2021. 

11. Trade and Other Receivables 

Trade and other receivables as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consist of the following: 

Trade receivables 

Tax receivables 

Prepayments 

Other accounts receivable 

Total 

Balance as of December 
31, 2022 
$’000 

Balance as of December 
31, 2021 
$’000 

125,437 

45,680 

11,827 

17,390 

200,334 

227,343 

59,350 

9,342 

11,108 

307,143 

The  decrease  in  trade receivables  is  primarily  due  to  payments  received from  the  Spanish  state-
owned regulator, Comision Nacional de los Mercados y de la Competencia or “CNMC”, in the solar 
assets of the Company in Spain and from Pemex in ACT. In Spain, the assets of the Company have 
collected revenue in 2022 in line with the parameters corresponding to the regulation in place at 
the beginning of the year, as the new parameters became final on December 14, 2022, while revenue 
was recorded in accordance with these new parameters (Note 1). The amounts collected “in excess” 
in 2022 have started to be regularized in 2023. 

357 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the fair value of trade and other accounts receivable does not 
differ significantly from its carrying value.  

Trade receivables in foreign currency as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, are as follows: 

Euro 

South African Rand 

Chilean Peso 

Other 

Total 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2022 
$’000 

  Balance as of December 
31, 2021 
$’000 

4,088 

23,416 

5,037 

3,974 

36,515 

65,854 

24,513 

3,386 

9,944 

103,697 

The  decrease  in  trade  receivables  in  Euro  as  of  December  31,  2022  is  primarily  due  to  the 
improvement in the collection of receivables from the CNMC. 

12. Cash and Cash Equivalents 

The following table shows the detail of Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022 and 
2021: 

Cash at bank and on hand - non-restricted 
Cash at bank and on hand - restricted 

2022 
$’000 

393,430 
207,560 

2021 
$’000 

368,381 
254,308 

Total 

600,990 

622,689 

Cash  includes  funds  held  to  satisfy  the  customary  requirements  of  certain  non-recourse  debt 
agreements within the Company´s projects (Note 15) amounting to $208 million as of December 
31, 2022 ($254 million as of December 31, 2021). 

The following breakdown shows the main currencies in which cash and cash equivalent balances are 
denominated: 

358 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
US Dollar 
Euro  
South African Rand 
Mexican Peso 
Algerian Dinar 
Others 

2022 
$’000 

2021 
$’000 

309,756 
217,675 
36,137 
4,010 
24,727 
8,685 

318,071 
230,136 
38,268 
4,926 
21,156 
10,132 

600,990 

622,689 

13. Equity 

As of December 31, 2022, the share capital of the Company amounts to $11,605,513 ($11,240,297 
as of December 31, 2021) represented by 116,055,126 ordinary shares (112,402,973 shares as of 
December 31, 2021) fully subscribed and disbursed with a nominal value of $0.10 each, all in the 
same class and series. Each share grants one voting right. 

Algonquin owns 42.2% of the shares of the Company and is its largest shareholder as of December 
31, 2022. Algonquin’s voting rights and rights to appoint directors are limited to 41.5% and the 
difference  between  Algonquin´s  ownership  and  41.5%  will  vote  replicating  non-Algonquin’s 
shareholders’ vote. 

On December 11, 2020, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of 5,069,200 ordinary 
shares,  including 661,200  ordinary  shares  sold  pursuant  to  the  full  exercise  of  the  underwriters’ 
over-allotment option, at a price of $33 per new share. Gross proceeds were approximately $167 
million. Given that the offering was issued through a subsidiary in Jersey, which became wholly 
owned  by  the  Company  at  closing,  and  subsequently  liquidated,  the  premium  on  issuance  was 
credited  to  a  merger  reserve  account  (Capital  reserves),  net  of  issuance  costs,  for  $161  million. 
Additionally, Algonquin committed to purchase 4,020,860 ordinary shares in a private placement 
in order to maintain its previous equity ownership of 44.2% in the Company. The private placement 
closed on January 7, 2021. Gross proceeds were approximately $133 million ($131 million net of 
issuance costs). 

During the first quarter of 2021, the Company changed the accounting treatment applied to its 
existing  long-term  incentive  plans  granted  to  employees  from  cash-settled  to  equity-settled  in 
accordance with IFRS 2, Share-based Payment, as a result of incentives being settled in shares. The 
liability  recognized  for  the  rights  vested  by  the employees  under  such  plans  at  the  date  of  this 
change, was reclassified to equity within the line “Accumulated deficit” for approximately $9 million. 
The settlement in shares was approved by the Board of Directors on February 26, 2021, and the 
Company issued 141,482 new shares to its employees up to December 31, 2021, to settle a portion 
of these plans. During the year 2022, the Company issued 228,560 new shares under such incentive 
plans. 

359 

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  On  August  3,  2021,  the  Company  established  an  “at-the-market  program”  and  entered  into  a 
distribution agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as sales agent, under which the Company 
may offer and sell from time to time up to $150 million of its ordinary shares. The Company also 
entered into an agreement with Algonquin pursuant to which the Company has offered Algonquin 
the right but not the obligation, on a quarterly basis, to purchase a number of ordinary shares to 
maintain  its  percentage  interest  in  Atlantica  at  the  average  price  of  the  shares  sold  under  the 
distribution agreement in the previous quarter (the “ATM Plan Letter Agreement”). On February 28, 
2022,  the  Company  established  a  new  “at-the-market  program”  and  entered  into  a  distribution 
agreement with BofA Securities, MUFG and RBC Capital Markets, as its sales agents, under which 
the Company may offer and sell from time to time up to $150 million of its ordinary shares. Upon 
entry into the distribution agreement, the Company terminated its prior “at-the-market program” 
established on August 3, 2021 and the related distribution agreement dated such date, entered 
into  with  J.P.  Morgan  Securities  LLC.  During  the  year  2022,  the  Company  sold  3,423,593  shares 
(1,613,079  shares  during  the  year  2021)  at  an  average  market  price  of  $33.57  ($38.43  in  2021) 
pursuant to its distribution agreement, representing net proceeds of $114 million ($61 million in 
2021). Pursuant to the ATM Plan Letter Agreement, the Company delivers a notice to Algonquin 
quarterly in order for them to exercise their rights thereunder. 

Atlantica´s reserves as of December 31, 2022 are made up of share premium account and capital 
reserves. The share premium account reduction by $200 million during the year 2021, increasing 
capital reserves by the same amount, was made effective upon the confirmation received from the 
High Court in the UK, pursuant to the Companies Act 2006. 

Other reserves primarily include the change in fair value of cash flow hedges and its tax effect. 

Accumulated currency translation differences primarily include the result of translating the financial 
statements  of  subsidiaries  prepared  in  a  foreign  currency  into  the  presentation  currency  of  the 
Company, the U.S. dollar. 

Accumulated deficit primarily includes results attributable to Atlantica. 

Non-controlling interests fully relate to interests held by JGC in Solacor 1 and Solacor 2, by Idae in 
Seville PV, by Itochu Corporation in Solaben 2 and Solaben 3, by Algerian Energy Company, SPA 
and  Sacyr  Agua  S.L.  in  Skikda,  by  Algerian  Energy  Company,  SPA  in  Tenes,  by  Industrial 
Development Corporation of South Africa (IDC) and Kaxu Community Trust in Kaxu, by Algonquin 
Power  Co.  in  AYES  Canada,  and  by  partners  of  the  Company  in  the  Chilean  renewable  energy 
platform in Chile PV 1, Chile PV 2 and Chile PV 3. 

Dividends declared during the year 2022 by the Board of Directors of the Company were as follows: 

Declared 

Payable 

Amount ($) per share 

February 28, 2023 
November 8, 2022 
August 2, 2022 
May 5, 2022 
February 25, 2022 

March 25, 2023 
December 15, 2022 
September 15, 2022 
June 15, 2022 
March 25, 2022 

0.445 
0.445 
0.445 
0.44 
0.44 

360 

 
 
  Dividends  declared  during  the  year  2021  by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Company  were  as 
follows: 

Declared 

Payable 

Amount ($) per share 

November 9, 2021 
July 30, 2021 
May 4, 2021 
February 26, 2021 

December 15, 2021 
September 15, 2021 
June 15, 2021 
March 22, 2021 

0.435 
0.43 
0.43 
0.42 

In  addition,  the  Company  declared  dividends  and  distributions  to  non-controlling  interests, 
primarily to Algonquin (interests in Amherst through AYES Canada, see Note 7) for $20.4 million in 
2022 ($17.3 million in 2021), JGC for $10.4 million in 2022 ($0.5 million in 2021), Algerian Energy 
Company for $5.4 million in 2022 ($6.6 million in 2021), IDC and Kaxu Community Trust for $5.8 
million in 2022 (nill in 2021) and Itochu for $3.5 million in 2022 ($5.7 million in 2021). 

As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there was no treasury stock and there have been 
no transactions with treasury stock during the years then ended. 

14. Corporate Debt 

The breakdown of the corporate debt as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:  

Non-current  

Current 

Total Non-current  

Balance as of 
December 31, 2022 
$’000 

Balance as of 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

1,000,503 

16,697 

1,017,200 

995,190 

27,881 

1,023,071 

On July 20, 2017, the Company signed a credit facility (the “2017 Credit Facility”) for up to €10 million 
($10.7 million), which is available in euros or U.S. dollars. Amounts drawn down accrue interest at a 
rate per year equal to EURIBOR plus 2% or LIBOR plus 2%, depending on the currency, with a floor 
of 0% on the LIBOR and EURIBOR.  As of December 31, 2022, $6.4 million has been drawn down 
($8.2 million as of December 31, 2021). As of December 31, 2021, the credit facility maturity was July 
1, 2023. On July 1, 2022, the maturity has been extended to July 1, 2024. 

On May 10, 2018, the Company entered into the Revolving Credit Facility for $215 million with a 
syndicate  of  banks.  Amounts  drawn  down  accrue  interest  at  a  rate  per  year  equal  to  (A)  for 
Eurodollar rate loans, Term SOFR, plus a Term SOFR Adjustment equal to 0.10% per annum, plus a 
percentage determined by reference to the leverage ratio of the Company, ranging between 1.60% 
and 2.25% and (B) for base rate loans, the highest of (i) the rate per annum equal to the weighted 
average of the rates on overnight U.S. Federal funds transactions with members of the U.S. Federal 
Reserve System arranged by U.S. Federal funds brokers on such day plus ½ of 1.00%, (ii) the U.S. 
prime rate and (iii) Term SOFR plus 1.00%, in any case, plus a percentage determined by reference 
to the leverage ratio of the Company, ranging between 0.60% and 1.00%. Letters of credit may be 
issued using up to $100 million of the Revolving Credit Facility. During 2019, the amount of the 
Revolving Credit Facility increased from $215 million to $425 million. In the first quarter of 2021, the 

361 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Company increased the amount of the Revolving Credit Facility from $425 million to $450 million. 
On May 5, 2022, the maturity was extended to December 31, 2024.  On December 31, 2022, $30 
million  were  drawn  down  (nill  as  of  December  31,  2021).  On  December  31,  2022,  the  Company 
issued letters of credit for $35 million ($10 million as of December 31, 2021). As of December 31, 
2022,  therefore,  $385  million  of  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility  were  available  ($440  million  as  of 
December 31, 2021). 

On April 30, 2019, the Company entered into the Note Issuance Facility 2019, a senior unsecured 
note  facility  with  a  group  of  funds  managed  by  Westbourne  Capital  as  purchasers  of  the  notes 
issued thereunder for a total amount of €268 million ($287 million), with maturity date on April 30, 
2025. Interest accrued at a rate per annum equaled to the sum of 3-month EURIBOR plus 4.50%. 
The  interest  rate  on  the  Note  Issuance  Facility  2019  was  fully  hedged  by  an  interest  rate  swap 
resulting in the Company paying a net fixed interest rate of 4.24%. The Note Issuance Facility 2019 
was fully repaid on June 4, 2021, and subsequently delisted from the Official List of The International 
Stock Exchange. 

On October 8, 2019, the Company filed a euro commercial paper program (the “Commercial Paper”) 
with the Alternative Fixed Income Market (MARF) in Spain. The program had an original maturity of 
twelve months and has been extended for annual periods until October 2023. The program allows 
Atlantica to issue short term notes over the next twelve months for up to €50 million ($54 million), 
with such notes having a tenor of up to two years. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had €9.3 
million ($9.9 million) issued and outstanding under the program at an average cost of 2.21% (€21.5 
million, or $24.4 million, as of December 31, 2021). 

On April 1, 2020, the Company closed the secured 2020 Green Private Placement for €290 million 
($310  million).  The  private  placement  accrues  interest  at  an  annual  1.96%  interest  rate,  payable 
quarterly and has a June 2026 maturity. 

On  July  8,  2020,  the  Company  entered  into  the  Note  Issuance  Facility  2020,  a  senior  unsecured 
financing with a group of funds managed by Westbourne Capital as purchasers of the notes issued 
thereunder for a total amount of $150 million which is denominated in euros (€140 million). The 
Note Issuance Facility 2020 was issued on August 12, 2020,  interest accrues at a rate per annum 
equal  to  the  sum  of  the  3-month  EURIBOR  plus  a  margin  of  5.25%  with  a  floor  of  0%  for  the 
EURIBOR, payable quarterly and has a maturity of seven years from the closing date. The Company 
have entered into a cap at 0% for the EURIBOR with 3.5 years maturity to hedge the variable interest 
rate risk. 

On July 17, 2020, ASI Jersey Ltd, a subsidiary of the Company, issued the Green Exchangeable Notes 
for $100 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.00% convertible bonds due in 2025. On July 29, 
2020,  the  Company  closed  an  additional  $15  million  aggregate  principal  amount  of  the  Green 
Exchangeable Notes. The notes mature on July 15, 2025 and bear interest at a rate of 4.00% per 
annum. The initial exchange rate of the notes is 29.1070 ordinary shares per $1,000 principal amount 
of notes, which is equivalent to an initial exchange price of $34.36 per ordinary share. Noteholders 
may exchange their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled 
trading day immediately preceding April 15, 2025, only during certain periods and upon satisfaction 
of certain conditions. On or after April 15, 2025, noteholders may exchange their notes at any time. 

362 

 
  Upon exchange, the notes may be settled, at the election of the Company, into Atlantica ordinary 
shares,  cash  or  a  combination  thereof.  The  exchange  rate  is  subject  to  adjustment  upon  the 
occurrence of certain events. 

As  per  IAS  32,  “Financial  Instruments:  Presentation”,  the  conversion  option  of  the  Green 
Exchangeable Notes is an embedded derivative classified within the line “Derivative liabilities” of 
these Consolidated Financial Statements (Note 9). It was initially valued at the transaction date for 
$10 million, and prospective changes to its fair value are accounted for directly through the profit 
and loss statement. The principal element of the Green Exchangeable Notes, classified within the 
line “Corporate debt” of these Consolidated Financial Statements, is initially valued as the difference 
between  the  consideration  received  from  the  holders  of  the  instrument  and  the  value  of  the 
embedded derivative, and thereafter, at amortized cost using the effective interest method as per 
IFRS 9, Financial Instruments. 

On December 4, 2020, the Company entered into a loan with a bank for €5 million ($5.4 million). 
This loan accrues interest at a rate per year equal to 2.50%. The maturity date is December 4, 2025. 

On May 18, 2021, the Company issued the Green Senior Notes due in 2028 in an aggregate principal 
amount of $400 million. The notes mature on May 15, 2028 and bear interest at a rate of 4.125% 
per annum payable on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing December 15, 2021. 

On January 31, 2022, the Company entered into a loan with a bank for €5 million ($5.4 million). This 
loan accrues interest at a rate per year equal to 1.90%. The maturity date is January 31, 2026. 

The repayment schedule for the Corporate debt at the end of 2022 is as follows: 

2023 

2024 

2025 

2026 

2027 

2017 Credit Facility 
Revolving Credit Facility 
Commercial paper 
2020 Green Private Placement  
2020 Note Issuance Facility  
Green Exchangeable Notes 
Green Senior Note 
Other bank loans 
Total 

8 
112 
9,937 
423 
- 
2,107 
964 
3,146 
16,697 

6,423 
29,387 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
3,122 
38,932 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
107,055 
- 
3,124 
110,179 

- 
- 
- 
308,389 
- 
- 
- 
686 
309,075 

Subsequent 
years 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

395,060 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
147,257 
- 
- 
- 

147,257 

395,060 

The repayment schedule for the Corporate debt at the end of 2021 was as follows: 

2022 

2023 

2024 

2025 

2026 

Subsequent 
years 

2017 Credit Facility 
Commercial paper 
2020 Green Private Placement  
2020 Note Issuance Facility 
Green Exchangeable Notes 
Green Senior Note 
Other Bank Loans 
Total 

5 
24,422 
359 
- 
2,121 
963 
11 
27,881 

8,199 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,895 
10,094 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,895 
1,895 

- 
- 
- 
- 
104,289 
- 
1,862 
106,151 

- 
- 
327,081 
- 
- 
- 
- 

327,081 

- 
- 
- 
155,814 
- 
394,155 
- 
549,969 

363 

Total 

6,431 
29,499 
9,937 
308,812 
147,257 
109,162 
396,024 
10,078 
1,017,200 

Total 

8,204 
24,422 
327,440 
155,814 
106,410 
395,118 
5,663 
1,023,071 

 
 
 
 
  The  following  table  details  the  movement  in  corporate  debt  for  the  years  2022  and  2021,  split 
between cash and non-cash items: 

Corporate Debt 

Initial balance 
Cash changes 
Non-cash changes 
Final balance 

2022 

    1,023,071 
(17,945) 
12,074 
    1,017,200 

2021 

      993,725 
14,754 
14,592 
      1,023,071 

The non-cash changes primarily relate to interests accrued and to currency translation differences. 

15. Project debt 

This  note  shows  the  project  debt  linked  to  the  assets  included  in  Note  6  of  these  Consolidated 
Financial Statements. 

Project  debt  is  generally  used  to  finance  contracted  assets,  exclusively  using  as  a  guarantee  the 
assets and cash flows of the company or group of companies carrying out the activities financed. In 
most of the cases, the assets and/or contracts are set up as a guarantee to ensure the repayment of 
the related financing. In addition, the cash of the Company´s projects includes funds held to satisfy 
the customary requirements of certain non-recourse debt agreements and other restricted cash for 
an amount of $208 million as of December 31, 2022 ($254 million as of December 31, 2021). 

The variations in 2022 of project debt have been the following: 

Project debt - long term 
$’000 

Project debt - short term 
$’000 

Balance as of December 31, 2021 
Increases 
Payments 
Business Combination (Note 5) 
Currency translation differences 
Reclassifications 
Balance as of December 31, 2022 

4,387,674 
39,161 
(73,478) 
1,301 
(119,068) 
(9,072) 
4,226,518 

648,519 
230,320 
(543,484) 
148 
(18,041) 
9,072 
326,534 

Total 
$’000 
5,036,193 
269,481 
(616,962) 
1,449 
(137,109) 
- 
4,553,052 

The decrease in total project debt as of December 31, 2022 is primarily due to: 

- 

- 

the repayment of project debt for the period in accordance with the financing arrangements; 

and 

the lower value of debt denominated in Euros given the depreciation of the Euro against the 

U.S. dollar since December 31, 2021. 

Interest accrued, which are included in Increases, were offset by a similar amount of interest paid 
during the year, included in Payments in the table above. 

In October 2022, the Company refinanced the project debt of Solacor 1 & 2. The new financing is 
a green euro-denominated loan with a syndicate of banks for a total amount of €205.0 million. The 
maturity has been extended until 2037. 

In December 2022, the Company refinanced the project debt of Solnova 1, 3 & 4. The new financing 
agreement is a green euro-denominated loan with a syndicate of banks for a total amount of €338.5 

364 

 
 
   
  
 
   
     
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  million. The new project debt replaced the previous three project loans and maturity was extended 
from 2029 and 2030 to June 2035. 

As of December 31, 2021, Kaxu total debt was presented as current in the Consolidated Financial 
Statements  of  the  Company,  for  an  amount  of  $314  million,  in  accordance  with  International 
Accounting Standards 1 (“IAS 1”), “Presentation of Financial Statements”, as a result of the existence 
of a theoretical event of default under the Kaxu project finance agreement. Since March 31, 2022, 
the Company has again an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the debt for at least more 
than twelve months, and therefore the debt previously presented as current in these Consolidated 
Financial  Statements  has  been  reclassified  as  non-current  in  accordance  with  the  financing 
agreements (Note 1). 

The variations in 2021 of project debt have been the following: 

Project debt - long term 
$’000 

Project debt - short term 
$’000 

Total 
$’000 

Balance as of December 31, 2020 
Increases 
Payments 
Business Combination (Note 5) 
Currency translation differences 
Reclassifications 
Balance as of December 31, 2021 

4,925,268 
54,908 
(85,259) 
288,352 
(140,502) 
(655,093) 
4,387,674 

312,346 
256,581 
(564,603) 
38,781 
(49,679) 
655,093 
648,519 

5,237,614 
311,489 
(649,862) 
327,133 
(190,181) 
- 
5,036,193 

The decrease in total project debt as of December 31, 2021 were primarily due to: 

- 

- 

the  repayment  of  project  debt  for  the  period  in  accordance  with  the  financing 

arrangements; and 

the lower value of debt denominated in Euros given the depreciation of the Euro against 

the U.S. dollar since December 31, 2020. 

The decrease of project debt during the year 2021 was partially offset by the business combinations, 
being the acquisitions of Rioglass, Coso, Chile PV 2, Italy PV 1 and Italy PV 3 for a total amount of 
$327 million (Note 5).  

Interest accrued, which are included in Increases, were offset by a similar amount of interest paid 
during the year, included in Payments in the table above. 

The Kaxu project financing arrangement contains cross-default provisions related to Abengoa such 
that debt defaults by Abengoa, subject to certain threshold amounts and/or a restructuring process, 
could trigger a default under the Kaxu project financing arrangement. The insolvency filing by the 
individual company Abengoa S.A. in February 2021 represented a theoretical event of default under 
the Kaxu project finance agreement. In September 2021, the Company obtained a waiver for such 
theoretical event of default and it was extended until April 30, 2022 and was subject to the lenders 
receiving  certain  documentation  from  the  Company.  Although  the  Company  did  not  expect  the 
acceleration of debt to be declared by the credit entities, as of December 31, 2021 Kaxu did not 
have  what  International  Accounting  Standards  define  as  an  unconditional  right  to  defer  the 
settlement of the debt for at least twelve months, as the cross-default provisions make that right 
conditional.  Therefore,  Kaxu  total  debt,  previously  presented  as  non-current  as  of  December  31, 

365 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  2020, was presented as current in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company as of 
December 31, 2021 for an amount of $314 million (Note 1). 

The  repayment  schedule  for  project  debt  in  accordance  with  the  financing  arrangements  as  of 
December  31,  2022,  is  as  follows  and  is  consistent  with  the  projected  cash  flows  of  the  related 
projects: 

                2023 
Interest 
Payment 
15,053 

Nominal 
repayment 
311,481 

2024 

2025 

2026 

2027 

Subsequent 
years 

Total 

323,731 

442,920 

358,444 

504,954 

2,596,469 

4,553,052 

The  repayment  schedule  for  project  debt  in  accordance  with  the  financing  arrangements  and 
assuming there would be no acceleration at the Kaxu debt as of December 31, 2021, was as follows 
and was consistent with the projected cash flows of the related projects: 

                2022 
Interest 
Payment 
18,017 

Nominal 
repayment 
317,388 

2023 

2024 

2025 

2026 

Subsequent 
years 

Total 

355,956  

369,528 

498,712 

411,514 

3,065,078 

5,036,193 

The following table details the movement in Project debt for the years 2022 and 2021, split between 
cash and non-cash items: 

Project Debt 

Initial balance 
Cash changes 
Non-cash changes 
Final balance 

2022 
5,036,193     
(636,343)     
153,202     

     4,553,052       

2021 

5,237,614   
(636,831)   
435,410   
5,036,193   

The non-cash changes primarily relate to interest accrued, currency translation differences and the 
business combinations for the year. 

The equivalent in U.S. dollars of the most significant foreign-currency-denominated project debts 
held by the Company is as follows: 

Currency 

Euro 
South African Rand 
Algerian Dinar 

Total 

Balance as of December 31, 2022 
$’000 

Balance as of December 31, 2021 
$’000 

1,633,790 
277,492 
86,739 

1,998,021 

1,942,903 
314,471 
97,877 

2,355,251 

All of the Company’s financing agreements have a carrying amount close to its fair value. 

366 

 
 
  
    
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  16.  Grants and Other Liabilities 

Balances as of 
December 31, 2022 
$’000 

Balances as of 
December 31, 2021 
$’000  

Grants 
Other liabilities and provisions 
Dismantling provision 
Lease liabilities 
Accruals  on  Spanish  market  prices 
differences 
Other 

911,593 
340,920 
140,595 
63,076 

91,884 
45,365 

970,557 
293,187 
124,593 
59,219 

74,795 
34,580 

Grant and other non-current liabilities 

1,252,513 

1,263,744 

As of December 31, 2022, the amount recorded in Grants corresponds primarily to the ITC Grant 
awarded by the U.S. Department of the Treasury to Solana and Mojave for a total amount of $610 
million ($642 million as of December 31, 2021), which was primarily used to fully repay the Solana 
and Mojave short-term tranche of the loan with the Federal Financing Bank. The amount recorded 
in Grants as a liability is progressively recorded as other income over the useful life of the asset. 

The  remaining  balance  of  the  “Grants”  account  corresponds  to  loans  with  interest  rates  below 
market rates for Solana and Mojave for a total amount of $299 million ($326 million as of December 
31, 2021). Loans with the Federal Financing Bank guaranteed by the Department of Energy for these 
projects  bear  interest  at  a  rate  below  market  rates  for  these  types  of  projects  and  terms.  The 
difference between proceeds received from these loans and its fair value, is initially recorded as 
“Grants”  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position,  and  subsequently  recorded 
progressively in “Other operating income” starting at the entry into operation of the plants. 

Total amount of income for these two types of grants for Solana and Mojave is $58.5 million and 
$58.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (Note 20). 

The “Accruals on Spanish market prices differences” corresponds to the payables related to the 

current  high  market  prices  in  Spain  at  which  the  solar  assets  in  Spain  invoiced  electricity  up  to 

December 31, 2022, as a result of a negative adjustment to the regulated revenues for the deviation 

from  the  estimated  market  prices  used  by  the  Administration  in  Spain, which  is  expected  to  be 

compensated over the remaining regulatory life of the solar assets of the Company. 

The maturity of Other liabilities and provisions as of December 31, 2022 is as follows: 

As of December 31, 2022 

Total 

2023 

2024 and 2025  2026 and 2027  Subsequent 

Other liabilities and provisions 
Total 

340,920 
340,920 

- 

- 

46,489 
46,489 

41,428 
41,428 

years 

253,003 
253,003 

As of December 31, 2021 

Total 

2022 

2023 and 
2024 

2025 and 2026  Subsequent 

years 

Other liabilities and provisions 
Total 

293,187 
293,187 

- 
- 

51,490 
51,490 

33,656 
33,656 

208,041 
208,041 

367 

 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
17. Trade Payables and Other Current Liabilities 

Item 

Trade accounts payables 
Down payments from clients 
Other accounts payables 

Total 

Balance as of December 31, 2022 
$’000 

Balance as of December 31, 2021 
$’000 

84,465 
11,169 
44,596 

140,230 

79,052 
542 
34,313 

113,907 

Trade accounts payables mainly relate to the operation and maintenance of the plants. 

Down payments from clients in 2022 primarily include the collections from the CNMC (Spanish solar 
assets), which have been in line with the parameters corresponding to the regulation in place at the 
beginning of the year, as the new parameters became final on December 14, 2022, while revenue 
was recorded in accordance with the new parameters (Note 1). 

Nominal  values  of  Trade  payables  and  other  current  liabilities  are  considered  to  approximately 
equal to fair values and the effect of discounting them is not significant. 

18.  Income Tax 

All the companies of Atlantica file income taxes according to the tax regulations in force in each 
country on an individual basis or under consolidation tax regulations. 

The consolidated income tax has been calculated as an aggregation of income tax expenses/income 
of each individual company. In order to calculate the taxable income of the consolidated entities 
individually, the accounting result is adjusted for temporary and permanent differences, recording 
the corresponding deferred tax assets and liabilities. At each consolidated income statement date, 
a current tax asset or liability is recorded, representing income taxes currently refundable or payable. 
Deferred  income  taxes  reflect  the  net  tax  effects  of  temporary  differences  between  the  carrying 
amount  of  assets  and  liabilities  for  financial  statement  and  income  tax  purposes,  as  determined 
under enacted tax laws and rates. 

Income tax payable is the result of applying the applicable tax rate in force to each tax-paying entity, 
in accordance with the tax laws in force in the country in which the entity is registered. Additionally, 
tax deductions and credits are available to certain entities, primarily relating to inter-company trades 
and tax treaties between various countries to prevent double taxation. 

The Company offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities in each entity where the latter 
has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities, and the 
deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority. 

As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the analysis of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities is 
as follows: 

368 

 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
Deferred tax assets 

From 

Net operating loss carryforwards (“NOL´s”) 
Temporary tax non-deductible expenses 
Derivatives financial instruments 
Other 

Total deferred tax assets 

Deferred tax liabilities 

From 

Accelerated tax amortization 
Other difference between tax and book value of assets 
Derivatives financial instruments 
Other 

Balance as of December 31, 
$’000 

2022 

2021 

442,415      
134,328      
3,461      
5,895      

323,115   
128,186   
55,217  
4,225  

586,099          

510,743   

Balance as of December 31, 
$’000 

2022 

2021 

524,363         
186,536         
19,034      
2,991      

465,219   
180,218   
-  
1,897  

Total deferred tax liabilities 

732,924          

647,334    

After offsetting deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, where applicable, the resulting net 
amounts presented on the consolidated balance sheet are as follows: 

Consolidated balance sheets 
classifications 

Deferred tax assets 

Deferred tax liabilities 

Net deferred tax liabilities 

Balance as of December 31, 
$’000 

2022 

2021 

149,656         
296,481         

146,825          

172,268   
308,859   

136,591   

Most of the NOL´s recognized as deferred tax assets corresponds to the entities in the U.S., South 
Africa, Peru, Chile and Spain as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. 

As of December 31, 2022, deferred tax assets for non-deductible expenses are primarily due to the 
temporary limitation of financial expenses deductibles for tax purposes in the solar plants in Spain 
for $94 million ($97 million as of December 31, 2021). 

As of December 31, 2022, deferred tax liabilities for accelerated tax amortization are primarily in 
the U.S. assets for $274, the solar plants in Spain for $173 million and Kaxu for $63 million ($184 
million, $186 million and $76 million as of December 31, 2021, respectively). 

Deferred  tax  liabilities  for  other  temporary  differences  between  the  tax  and  book  value  of 
contracted  concessional  assets  relate  primarily  to  ACT  for  $56  million,  the  U.S.  entities  for  $51 
million, the Peruvian entities for $37 million and the Chilean entities for $27 million as of December 
31,  2022  ($72  million,  $28  million,  $34  million  and  $27  million  as  of  December  31,  2021, 
respectively). 

In relation to tax losses carryforwards and deductions pending to be used recorded as deferred tax 
assets,  the  entities  evaluate  their  recoverability  projecting  forecasted  taxable  result  for  the 

369 

 
   
  
  
  
     
  
    
    
  
  
    
 
  
  
  
     
  
    
    
  
  
    
  
  
 
  
     
  
    
    
    
 
  upcoming years and taking into account their tax planning strategy. Deferred tax liabilities reversals 
are also considered in these projections, as well as any limitation established by tax regulations in 
force in each tax jurisdiction. Therefore, the carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at 
each annual closing date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient 
taxable  profit  will  be  available  to  allow  all  or  part  of  the  deferred  tax  asset  to  be  utilised. 
Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each annual closing date and are recognised 
to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax 
asset  to  be  recovered.  In  assessing  the  recoverability  of  deferred  tax  assets,  Atlantica  relies  on 
projections of results over the useful life of the contracted concessional assets. 

In addition, the Company has  $361 million unrecognized net operating loss carryforwards as of 
December 31, 2022 ($346 million as of December 31, 2021), as it considers it is not probable that 
future taxable profits will be available against which these unused tax losses can be utilized. 

The movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2022 
and 2021 were as follows: 

Deferred tax assets 

As of December 31, 2020 
Increase/(decrease) through the consolidated income statement 
Increase/(decrease) through other consolidated comprehensive income (equity) 
Business combinations (Note 5) 
Currency translation differences and other 

As of December 31, 2021 

Increase/(decrease) through the consolidated income statement 
Increase/(decrease) through other consolidated comprehensive income (equity) 
Currency translation differences and other 

As of December 31, 2022 

Deferred tax liabilities 

As of December 31, 2020 
Increase/(decrease) through the consolidated income statement 
Business combinations (Note 5) 
Currency translation differences and other 

As of December 31, 2021 

Increase/(decrease) through the consolidated income statement 
Increase/(decrease) through other consolidated comprehensive income (equity) 
Currency translation differences and other 

As of December 31, 2022 

Details of income tax for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: 

Amount 

152,290 
46,855 
(23,712) 
4,410 
(7,575) 

172,268 

29,197 
(46,344) 
(5,465) 

149,656 

Amount    

260,923    
32,059   
4,910   
10,967   

308,859    

(19,864)   
17,608   
(10,122)   

296,481   

370 

 
  
   
    
  
    
  
    
 
   
 
    
  
    
  
  
    
    
    
 
    
 
    
  
    
  
 
  
    
    
  
    
    
  
    
    
    
  
    
    
Current tax 
Deferred tax 

- 

relating to the origination and reversal of temporary 
differences 

Total income tax (expense)/income 

Year ended 2022 
$’000 

Year ended 2021 
$’000 

(39,372) 
49,061 

)     
)     

(51,016) 
14,796 

49,061 
9,689 

14,796 
(36,220) 

The reconciliations between the theoretical income tax resulting from applying an average statutory 
tax  rate  to  profit  before  income  tax  and  the  actual  income  tax  expense  recognized  in  the 
consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, are as follows: 

Consolidated profit/(loss) before taxes 
Average statutory tax rate 
Corporate income tax at average statutory tax rate 
Income tax of associates, net 
Differences in statutory tax rates 
Unrecognized NOLs and deferred tax assets 
Other permanent differences 
Other non-taxable income/(expense) 

Year ended 2022 
$’000 

Year ended 2021 
$’000 

(11,776) 
25% 
2,944 
5,366 
(4,296) 
(10,944) 
3,957 

12,662 

25,302 
25% 
(6,326) 
3,076 
(3,359) 
(11,232) 
(4,052) 
(14,327) 

Corporate income tax 

9,689 

(36,220) 

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the overall effective tax rate was different than the average 
statutory  rate  of  25%  primarily  due  to  unrecognized  tax  losses  carryforwards,  mainly  in  the  UK 
entities and to provisions recorded for potential tax contingencies in some jurisdictions. 

Uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 has been analysed by the Company in 
accordance with IFRIC 23 (uncertainty over income tax treatments). As a result of this analysis, the 
Company concluded that the risk of the uncertainties is remote and accordingly, the expectation is 
that  these  uncertainties  would  have  an  insignificant  effect  on  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements. 

19. Commitments, third-party guarantees, contingent assets and liabilities 

Contractual obligations 

The following table shows the breakdown of the third-party commitments and contractual 
obligations as of December 31, 2022 and 2021: 

371 

 
 
 
  
   
    
    
   
    
   
   
 
     
  
    
 
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  2022 

$’000 

Total 

2023 

2024 and 
2025 

2026 and 
2027 

Subsequent 

Corporate debt (Note 14) 
Loans with credit institutions (project 
debt) (Note 15) 
Notes and bonds (project debt) 
(Note 15) 
Purchase commitments (*) 
Accrued interest estimate during the 
useful life of loans 

     1,017,200   1  

16,697    
3,595,671      273,556    

149,111    
666,875    

456,332    
755,269    

395,060  
1,899,972 

957,381     

52,978    

99,776    

108,129    

696,497 

823,856    

96,847     
1,821,915      264,626    

154,344     
477,936    

107,909     
383,347    

464,755  
696,006 

2021 

$’000 

Total 

2022 

2023 and 
2024 

2025 and 
2026 

Subsequent 

Corporate debt (Note 14) 
Loans with credit institutions (project 
debt) (Note 15) 
Notes and bonds (project debt) 
(Note 15) 
Purchase commitments (*) 
Accrued interest estimate during the 
useful life of loans 

     1,023,071        

27,881       
4,010,825         289,755       

11,989       
624,633       

433,232       
549,969  
801,713        2,294,724 

1,025,368        

45,650       

100,850       

108,512       

770,355 

     1,570,831       

79,261        
2,029,376         267,645       

191,171      
497,587       

159,297         1,141,102  
836,985 
427,159       

*  Purchase  commitments  include  lease  commitments  for  lease  arrangements  accounted  for  under  IFRS  16  for  $112.0 
million as of December 31, 2022 ($107.6 million as of December 31, 2021), of which $7.9 million is due within one year 
and $104.1 million thereafter as of December 31, 2022 ($7.3 million due within one year and $100.3 million thereafter as 
of December 31, 2021). 

Third-party guarantees 

As  of  December  31,  2022,  the  sum  of  bank  guarantees  and  surety  bonds  deposited  by  the 
subsidiaries  of  the  Company  as a  guarantee  to third  parties  (clients, financial  entities and  other 
third  parties)  amounted  to  $88.0  million  ($92.7  million  as  of  December  31,  2021).  In  addition, 
Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc  or  other  holding  entities  on  its  behalf,  had  outstanding 
guarantees amounting to $216.9 million as of December 31, 2022 ($174.2 million as of December 
31, 2021), which correspond mainly to guarantees provided to off-takers in PPAs, guarantees for 
debt service reserve accounts and guarantees for points of access for renewable energy projects. 

Corporate debt guarantees 

The  payment  obligations  under  the  Green  Senior  Notes,  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility,  the  Note 
Issuance Facility 2020 and the 2020 Green Private Placement are guaranteed on a senior unsecured 
basis by following subsidiaries of the Company: Atlantica Infraestructura Sostenible, S.L.U., Atlantica 
Peru, S.A., ACT Holding, S.A. de C.V., Atlantica Investments Limited, Atlantica Newco Limited and 
Atlantica North America LLC. The Revolving Credit Facility and the 2020 Green Private Placement 
are also secured with a pledge over the shares of the subsidiary guarantors. 

372 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
      
      
      
      
  
 
  
 
    
 
    
    
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
      
      
      
      
  
 
  
 
    
 
    
 
 
  Legal Proceedings 

In 2018, an insurance company covering certain Abengoa obligations in Mexico claimed certain 
amounts  related  to  a  potential  loss.  Atlantica  reached  an  agreement  under  which  Atlantica´s 
maximum theoretical exposure would in any case be limited to approximately $35 million, including 
$2.5 million to be held in an escrow account. In January 2019, the insurance company called on this 
$2.5  million  from  the  escrow  account  and  Abengoa  reimbursed  this  amount.  The  insurance 
company could claim additional amounts if they faced new losses after following a process agreed 
between the parties and, in any case, Atlantica would only make payments if and when the actual 
loss has been confirmed and after arbitration if the Company initiates it. The Company used to 
have indemnities from Abengoa for certain potential losses, but such indemnities are no longer 
valid following the insolvency filing by Abengoa S.A. in February 2021. 

In addition, during 2021 and 2022, several lawsuits were filed related to the February 2021 winter 
storm in Texas against among others Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), two utilities in 
Texas and more than 230 individual power generators, including Post Oak Wind, LLC, the project 
company owner of Lone Star I, one of the wind assets in Vento II where the Company currently has 
a 49% equity interest. The basis for the lawsuit is that the defendants failed to properly prepare for 
cold  weather,  including  failure  to  implement  measures  and  equipment  to  protect  against  cold 
weather, and failed to properly conduct their operations before and during the storm. 

Atlantica  is  not  a  party  to  any  other  significant  legal  proceedings  other  than  legal  proceedings 
arising  in  the  ordinary  course  of  its  business.  Atlantica  is  party  to  various  administrative  and 
regulatory proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. 

While Atlantica does not expect these proceedings, either individually or in combination, to have a 
material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations, because of the nature of 
these proceedings Atlantica is not able to predict their ultimate outcomes, some of which may be 
unfavorable to Atlantica. 

20. Other Operating Income and Expenses 

The table below shows the detail of Other operating income and expenses for the years ended 
December 31, 2022, and 2021: 

Other Operating income 

Grants 

Income from various services and insurance proceeds 

Total  

For the year ended 
December 31, 2022 
$’000 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

59,056 

21,726 

80,782 

60,746 

13,925 

74,670 

373 

 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
Other Operating Expenses 
Raw materials and consumables used 
Leases and fees 
Operation and maintenance 
Independent professional services 
Supplies 
Insurance 
Levies and duties 
Other expenses 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2022 
$’000 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

(19,639) 
(11,512) 
(140,382) 
(38,894) 
(59,336) 
(45,756) 
(19,764) 
(15,965) 

(70,690) 
(9,332) 
(154,007) 
(39,177) 
(40,790) 
(45,429) 
(29,949) 
(24,957) 

Total 

(351,248) 

(414,330) 

Grants  income  mainly  relate  to  ITC  cash  grants  and  implicit  grants  recorded  for  accounting 
purposes in relation to the FFB loans with interest rates below market rates in Solana and Mojave 
projects (Note 16). 

The decrease in other operating expenses in 2022, and specifically Raw materials and consumables 
used, is primarily due to a specific non-recurrent solar project of Rioglass which ended in October 
2021. 

21. Financial Expense, net 

The following table sets forth financial income and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 
and 2021: 

Financial income 

Interest income from loans and credits  

Interest rates benefits derivatives: cash flow hedges 

TOTAL 

Financial expenses 

Interest on loans and notes 

Interest rate losses derivatives: cash flow hedges 

TOTAL 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2022 
$’000 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

1,641 

3,928 

5,569 

2,066 

689 

2,755 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2022 
$’000 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

(292,043) 

(41,220) 

(333,263) 

(302,558) 

(58,712) 

(361,270) 

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  Interest  on  loans  and  notes  primarily  include  interest  on  corporate  and  project  debt,  which 
decrease in 2022 and 2021 compared to the previous year, primarily due to the repayment of project 
and corporate debt in accordance with the financing arrangements. 

Losses  from  interest  rate  derivatives  designated  as  cash  flow  hedges  primarily  correspond  to 
transfers from equity to financial expense when the hedged item impacts the consolidated income 
statement. The decrease in 2022 compared to 2021 is due to an increase in the spot interest rates 
in 2022 compared to 2021, which implies lower interest payments on the derivatives instruments 
contracted. 

Net exchange differences 

Net exchange differences primarily correspond to realized and unrealized exchange gains and losses 
on transactions in foreign currencies as part of the normal course of the business of the Company. 
The increase in profit in 2022 is mainly due to the impact of foreign exchange caps instruments 
hedging the net cash flows of the Company in Euros, resulting from the appreciation of the U.S. 
dollar against the Euro. 

Other financial income/(expenses), net 

The following table sets out Other financial income/(expenses), net for the years 2022 and 2021: 

Other financial income / (expenses), net 

Other financial income 

Other financial losses 

TOTAL 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2022 
$’000 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2021 
$’000 

27,938 

(21,435) 

6,503 

32,321 

(16,571) 

15,750 

Other financial income in 2022 include $6.2 million of income for non-monetary change to the fair 
value of derivatives of Kaxu for which hedge accounting is not applied, and $12.0 million income 
further to the change in the fair value of the conversion option of the Green Exchangeable Notes 
since December 2021 (Note 14). Residual items primarily relate to interest on deposits and loans, 
including non-monetary changes to the amortized cost of such loans.  

Other  financial  losses  primarily  include  guarantees  and  letters  of  credit,  other  bank  fees,  non-
monetary changes to the fair value of derivatives which hedge accounting is not applied and of 
financial instruments recorded at fair value through profit and loss, and non-monetary changes to 
the present value of provision and other long-term liabilities. 

22. Earnings Per Share 

Basic earnings per share have been calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) attributable to equity 
holders of the Company by the average number of outstanding shares. 

375 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Average number of outstanding diluted shares for the year 2022 has been calculated considering 
the  potential  issuance  of  3,347,305  shares  (3,347,305  shares  as  of  December  31,  2021)  on  the 
settlement of the Green Exchangeable Notes (Note 14) and the potential issuance of 596,681 shares 
(725,041 shares as of December 31, 2021) to Algonquin under the agreement signed on August 3, 
2021, according to which Algonquin has the option, on a quarterly basis, to subscribe such number 
of shares to maintain its percentage in Atlantica in relation to the use of the ATM program (Note 
13). 

Item 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2022 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2021 

Loss from continuing operations attributable to 
Atlantica  
Average number of ordinary shares outstanding 
(thousands) - basic  
Average number of ordinary shares outstanding 
(thousands) - diluted 
Earnings per share for the year (US dollar per 
share) - basic 
Earnings per share for the year (US dollar per 
share) – diluted (*) 

(5,443)   

114,695   

118,501   

(0.05)   

(0.05)   

(30,080)   

111,008   

114,523   

(0.27)   

(0.27)   

(*)  The  potential  ordinary  shares  related  to  the  Green  Exchangeable  Notes  and  the  ATM  program  have  not  been 
considered in the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the years 2022 and 2021 as they have an antidilutive effect. 

23. Auditor’s Remuneration 

The analysis of the auditor’s remuneration is as follows: 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and their associates for the 
audit of the company’s annual accounts 
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and their associates for other 
services to the Group 

–The audit of the Company’s subsidiaries 

Total audit fees 

-   Audit-related services 

-  Tax services 

Total non-audit fees 

Year ended 
2022 
$000 

Year ended 
2021 
$000 

611 

604 

1,032 

1,643 

422 

502 

924 

2,567 

967 

1,571 

651 

633 

1,284 

2,855 

“Audit Fees” are the aggregate fees billed for professional services in connection with the audit of 
the  Annual  Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  quarterly  reviews  of  the  Company  financial 
statements and statutory audits of the subsidiaries’ financial statements under the rules of England 
and Wales and the countries in which subsidiaries are organized. The increase in audit fees is mainly 
due to inflation increase partially counterbalanced by exchange rates variations. 

376 

 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  “Audit-Related Services” include fees charged for services that can only be provided by the auditor 
of the Company, such as consents and comfort letters of non-recurring transactions, assurance and 
related  services  that  are  reasonably  related  to  the  performance  of  the  audit  or  review  of  the 
Company  financial  statements.   Fees  paid  during  2022  and  2021  related  to  comfort  letters  and 
consents required for capital market transactions of the major shareholder are also included in this 
category ($204 thousand and $272 thousand in 2022 and 2021 respectively). These fees were re-
invoiced and paid by this shareholder.  

“Tax Services” include mainly fees charged for transfer pricing services and tax compliance services 
in the Company US subsidiaries. 

The Audit Committee approved all of the services provided by Ernst & Young S.L and by other 
member firms of EY. 

24. Staff Costs 

The average monthly number of employees (including executive directors) was: 

Executives 

Middle Managers 

Engineers and Graduates 

Assistants and Professionals 

Plant technicians  

2022 

2021 

Number 

Number (*) 

13 

132 

234 

46 

449 

874 

16 

128 

177 

29 

305 

655 

(*)  Average  number  of  employees  excluding  temporary  workers  of  Rioglass  for  a  specific  non-
recurrent solar project, which ended in October 2021. 

Their aggregate remuneration comprised: 

Wages and salaries 

Social security costs 

Other staff costs 

Year ended 2022 
$000 

Year ended 2021 
$000 

(67,453) 

(7,841) 

(4,938) 

(67,713) 

(7,089) 

(3,956) 

(80,232) 

(78,758) 

The  increase  in  employee  benefit  expenses  in  2022  compared  to  2021  is  primarily  due  to  the 
internalization of operation and maintenance services in some of the solar assets of the Company 
in Spain since June 2022 and of Kaxu since February 2022. 

Total compensation received by the key management of the Company, which includes the CEO, 
the CFO and 5 key executives, and by the directors of the board of the Company, amounts to $9.8 
million in 2022 ($8.5 million in 2021), including $5.8 million (2021: $3.4 million) of long-term awards 

377 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  received. Furthermore, information about the remuneration of individual directors’ is provided in 
the audited part of the Directors' Remuneration Report. 

25. Events After the Balance Sheet Date 

On  February  22,  2023,  the  Company  signed  an  agreement  to  terminate  the  operation  and 
maintenance services performed by Abengoa to some of its solar assets in Spain. The transfer of 
employees from an Abengoa subsidiary to a Company’s subsidiary is expected to be effective on 
March 1, 2023. 

On February 28, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a dividend of $0.445 per 
share, which is expected to be paid on March 25, 2023. 

26. Service Concessional Arrangements 

Below is a description of the concessional arrangements of the Company. 

Solana  

Solana is a 250 MW net (280 MW gross) solar electric generation facility located in Maricopa County, 
Arizona,  approximately  70  miles  southwest  of  Phoenix.  Arizona  Solar  One  LLC,  or  Arizona  Solar, 
owns  the  Solana  project.  Solana  includes  a  22-mile  230kV  transmission  line  and  a  molten  salt 
thermal energy storage system. Solana reached COD on October 9, 2013. 

Solana has a 30-year, PPA with Arizona Public Service, or APS, approved by the Arizona Corporation 
Commission (ACC). The PPA provides for the sale of electricity at a fixed price per MWh with annual 
increases of 1.84% per year. The PPA includes limitations on the amount and condition of the energy 
that is received by APS with minimum and maximum thresholds for delivery capacity that must not 
be breached. 

Mojave  

Mojave is a 250 MW net (280 MW gross) solar electric generation facility located in San Bernardino 
County,  California,  approximately  100  miles  northeast  of  Los  Angeles.  Mojave  reached  COD  on 
December 1, 2014. 

Mojave has a 25-year, PPA with Pacific Gas & Electric Company, or PG&E, approved by the California 
Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). The PPA provides for the sale of electricity at a fixed base price 
per MWh without any indexation mechanism, including limitations on the amount and condition of 
the energy that is received by PG&E with minimum and maximum thresholds for delivery capacity 
that must not be breached. 

Palmatir  

Palmatir  is  an  on-shore wind  farm  facility  in  Uruguay  with  nominal  installed  capacity  of  50  MW. 
Palmatir has 25 wind turbines and each turbine has a nominal capacity of 2 MW. UTE, Uruguay’s 
state-owned electricity company, has agreed to purchase all energy produced by Palmatir pursuant 
to a 20-year PPA. UTE will pay a fixed-price tariff per MWh under the PPA, which is denominated in 
U.S. dollars and will be partially adjusted in January of each year according to a formula based on 
inflation. 

378 

 
  Palmatir reached COD in May 2014.  

Cadonal 

Cadonal  is  an  on-shore  wind  farm  facility  in  Uruguay  with  nominal  installed  capacity  of  50  MW. 
Cadonal has 25 wind turbines and each turbine has a nominal capacity of 2 MW. UTE, Uruguay´s 
state-owned electricity company, has agreed to purchase all energy produced by Cadonal pursuant 
to a 20-year PPA. 

Cadonal reached COD in December 2014.  

Melowind 

Melowind is an on-shore wind farm facility wholly owned by the Company, located in Uruguay with 
a capacity of 50 MW. Melowind has 20 wind turbines of 2.5 MW each. The asset reached COD in 
November 2015. 

Melowind signed a 20-year PPA with UTE in 2015, for 100% of the electricity produced. UTE pays a 
fixed tariff under the PPA, which is denominated in U.S. dollars and is partially adjusted every year 
based on a formula referring to U.S. CPI, Uruguay’s CPI and the applicable UYU/U.S. dollar exchange 
rate. 

Solaben 2 & 3  

The Solaben 2 and Solaben 3 are two 50 MW Solar Power facilities. Itochu Corporation holds 30% 
of Solaben 2 & Solaben 3. 

Renewable energy plants in Spain, like Solaben 2 and Solaben 3, are regulated through a series of 
laws and rulings which guarantee the owners of the plants a reasonable return for their investments. 
Solaben 2 and Solaben 3 sell the power they produce into the wholesale electricity market, where 
supply  and  demand  are  matched  and  the  pool  price  is  determined,  and  also  receive  additional 
payments from the CNMC, the Spanish state-owned regulator. 

Solacor 1 & 2 

The Solacor 1 and Solacor 2 are two 50 MW Solar Power facilities. JGC Corporation holds 13% of 
Solacor 1 & Solacor 2. 

Solnova 1, 3&4  

The Solnova 1, 3 and 4 solar plants are located in the municipality of Sanlucar la Mayor, Spain. The 
plants have 50 MW each and reached COD in 2010. 

Helios 1&2  

The Helios 1 and 2 solar plants are located in Ciudad Real, Spain. They reached COD in 2012. The 
plants have 50 MW each. 

Helioenergy 1&2 

The Helioenergy 1 and 2 solar plants are located in Ecija, Spain and reached COD in 2011.  The plants 
have 50 MW each. 

379 

 
  Solaben 1&6 

The Solaben 1&6 are two 50 MW solar plants located in the municipality of Logrosan, Spain. and 
reached COD in 2013. 

Kaxu 

Kaxu  Solar  One,  or  Kaxu,  is  a  100  MW  solar  project  located  in  Pofadder  in  the  Northern  Cape 
Province  of  South  Africa.  Atlantica.,  owns  51%  of  the  Kaxu  Project  while  Industrial  Development 
Corporation of South Africa owns 29% and Kaxu Community Trust 20%. 

The project reached COD in February 2015. 

Kaxu has a 20-year PPA with Eskom SOC Ltd., or Eskom, under a take or pay contract for the purchase 
of electricity up to the contracted capacity from the facility. Eskom purchases all the output of the 
Kaxu plant under a fixed price formula in local currency subject to indexation to local inflation. The 
PPA expires on February 2035. 

ACT  

The ACT plant is a gas-fired cogeneration facility with a rated capacity of approximately 300 MW 
and between 550 and 800 metric tons per hour of steam. The plant includes a substation and a 115-
kilowatt 52 mile transmission line. 

On September 18, 2009, ACT entered into the Pemex Conversion Services Agreement, or the Pemex 
CSA,  with  Pemex.  Pemex  is  a  state-owned  oil  and  gas  company  supervised  by  the  Comision 
Reguladora  de  Energia  (CRE),  the  Mexican  state  agency  that  regulates  the  energy  industry.  The 
Pemex CSA has a term of 20 years from the in-service date and will expire on March 31, 2033. 

According  to  the  Pemex  CSA,  ACT  must  provide,  in  exchange  for  a  fixed  price  with  escalation 
adjustments, services including the supply and transformation of natural gas and water into thermal 
energy and electricity. Part of the electricity is to be supplied directly to a Pemex facility nearby, 
allowing  the  Comision  Federal  de  Electricidad  (CFE)  to  supply  less  electricity  to  that  facility. 
Approximately 90% of the electricity must be injected into the Mexican electricity network to be 
used by retail and industrial end customers of CFE in the region. Pemex is then entitled to receive 
an equivalent amount of energy in more than 1,000 of their facilities in other parts of the country 
from CFE, following an adjustment mechanism under the supervision of CFE. 

The Pemex CSA is denominated in U.S. dollars. The price is a fixed tariff and will be adjusted annually, 
part of it according to inflation and part according to a mechanism agreed in the contract that, on 
average  over  the  life  of  the  contract,  reflects  expected  inflation.  The  components  of  the  price 
structure and yearly adjustment mechanisms were prepared by Pemex and provided to bidders as 
part of the request for proposal documents. 

ATS  

ATS is a 569 miles transmission line located in Peru wholly owned by the Company. ATS is part of 
the  Guaranteed  Transmission  System  and  comprises  several  sections  of  transmission  lines  and 
substations. ATS reached COD in 2014. 

380 

 
  Pursuant to the initial concession agreement, the Ministry of Energy, on behalf of the Peruvian 
Government, granted ATS a concession to construct, develop, own, operate and maintain the ATS 
Project. The initial concession agreement became effective on July 22, 2010 and will expire 30 years 
after COD, which took place in January 2014. ATS is obliged to provide the service of transmission 
of  electric  energy  through  the  operation  and  maintenance  of  the  electric  transmission  line, 
according to the terms of the contract and the applicable law. 

The laws and regulations of Peru establish the key parameters of the concession contract, the price 
indexation mechanism, the rights and obligations of the operator and the procedure that have to 
be followed in order to fix the applicable tariff, which occurs through a regulated bidding process. 
Once the bidding process is complete and the operator is granted the concession, the pricing of the 
power  transmission  service  is  established  in  the  concession  agreement.  ATS  has  a  30-year 
concession  agreement  with  fixed-price  tariff  base  denominated  in  U.S.  dollars  that  is  adjusted 
annually after COD of each line, in accordance with the U.S. Finished Goods Less Food and Energy 
Index published by the U.S. Department of Labor. 

ATN  

ATN is a 365 miles transmission line located in Peru wholly owned by the Company, which is part of 
the  Guaranteed  Transmission  System  and  comprises  several  sections  of  transmission  lines  and 
substations. ATN reached COD in 2011. On December 28, 2018, ATN S.A. completed the acquisition 
of a power substation and two small transmission lines to connect its line to the Shahuindo (ATN 
expansion 1) mine located nearby. In October 2019, the Company also closed the acquisition of ATN 
Expansion 2. 

Pursuant  to  the  initial  concession  agreement,  the  Ministry  of  Energy,  on  behalf  of  the  Peruvian 
Government, granted ATN a concession to construct, develop, own, operate and maintain the ATN 
Project. The initial concession agreement became effective on May 22, 2008 and will expire 30 years 
after COD of the first tranche of the line, which took place in January 2011. ATN is obliged to provide 
the service of transmission of electric energy through the operation and maintenance of the electric 
transmission line, according to the terms of the contract and the applicable law. 

The laws and regulations of Peru establish the key parameters of the concession contract, the price 
indexation mechanism, the rights and obligations of the operator and the procedures that have to 
be followed in order to fix the applicable tariff, which occurs through a regulated bidding process. 
Once the bidding process is complete and the operator is granted the concession, the pricing of the 
power  transmission  service  is  established  in  the  concession  agreement.  ATN  has  a  30-year 
concession  agreement  with  a  fixed-price  tariff  base  denominated  in  U.S.  dollars  that  is  adjusted 
annually after COD of each line, in accordance with the U.S. Finished Goods Less Food and Energy 
Index  published  by  the  U.S.  Department  of  Labor.  In  addition,  both  ATN  Expansion  1  and  ATN 
Expansion 2 have 20-year PPAs denominated in U.S. dollars. 

ATN 2  

ATN2, is an 81 miles transmission line located in Peru wholly owned by the Company, which is part 
of the Complementary Transmission System. ATN2 reached COD in June 2015. 

The Client is Las Bambas Mining Company. 

381 

 
  The ATN2 Project has an 18-year contract period, after that, ATN2 assets will remain as property 
of the SPV allowing ATN2 to potentially sign a new contract. The ATN2 Project has a fixed-price 
tariff  base  denominated  in  U.S.  dollars,  partially  adjusted  annually  in  accordance  with  the  U.S. 
Finished Goods Less Food and Energy Index as published by the U.S. Department of Labor. The base 
tariff is independent from the effective utilization of the transmission lines and substations related 
to the ATN2 Project. The base tariff is intended to provide the ATN2 Project with consistent and 
predictable monthly revenues sufficient to cover the ATN2 Project’s operating costs and debt service 
and  to  earn  an  equity  return.  Peruvian  law  requires  the  existence  of  a  definitive  concession 
agreement to perform electricity transmission activities where the transmission facilities cross public 
land or land owned by third parties. On May 31, 2014, the Ministry of Energy granted the project a 
definitive concession agreement to the transmission lines of the ATN2 Project. 

Quadra 1 & Quadra 2  

Quadra 1 is a 49-miles transmission line project and Quadra 2 is a 32-miles transmission line project, 
each connected to the Sierra Gorda substations. 

Both  projects  have  concession  agreements  with  Sierra  Gorda  SCM.  The  agreements  are 
denominated in U.S. dollars and are indexed mainly to CPI. The concession agreements each have 
a 21-year term that began on COD, which took place in April 2014 and March 2014 for Quadra 1 
and Quadra 2, respectively. 

Quadra  1  and  Quadra  2  belong  to  the  Northern  Interconnected  System  (SING),  one  of  the  two 
interconnected systems into which the Chilean electricity market is divided and structured for both 
technical and regulatory purposes. 

in  particular: 

As part of the SING, Quadra 1 and Quadra 2 and the service they provide are regulated by several 
the  Superintendent’s  office  of  Electricity  and  Fuels 
regulatory  bodies, 
(Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles, SEC), the Economic Local Dispatch Center (Centro 
de Despacho Economico de Cargas, CDEC), the National Board of Energy (Comision Nacional de 
Energia,  CNE)  and  the  National  Environmental  Board  (Comision  Nacional  de  Medio  Ambiente, 
CONAMA) and other environmental regulatory bodies. 

In all these concession arrangements, the operator has all the rights necessary to manage, operate 
and maintain the assets and the obligation to provide the services defined above, which are clearly 
defined in each concession contract and in the applicable regulations in each country. 

Skikda  

The Skikda project is a water desalination plant located in Skikda, Algeria. AEC owns 49% and Sacyr 
Agua S.L. owns indirectly the remaining 16.83% of the Skikda project. 

Skikda has a capacity of 3.5 M ft3 per day of desalinated water and is in operation since February 
2009. The project serves a population of 0.5 million. 

The water purchase agreement is a 25-year take-or-pay contract with Sonatrach / Algerienne des 
Eaux  (“  ADE”).  The  tariff  structure  is  based  upon  plant  capacity  and  water  production,  covering 
variable cost (water cost plus electricity cost). Tariffs are adjusted monthly based on the indexation 

382 

 
  mechanisms that include local inflation, U.S. inflation and the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar 
and local currency. 

Honaine 

The Honaine project is a water desalination plant located in Taffsout, Algeria. Myah Bahr Honaine 
Spa, or MBH, is the vehicle incorporated in Algeria for the purposes of owning the Honaine project. 
Algerian Energy Company, SPA, or AEC, owns 49% and Sacyr Agua S.L., a subsidiary of Sacyr, S.A., 
owns indirectly the remaining 25.5% of the Honaine project. 

Honaine has a capacity of 7 M ft3 per day of desalinated water and it has been in operation since 
July 2012.  

The water purchase agreement is a 25-year take-or-pay contract with Sonatrach / Algerienne des 
Eaux,  or  ADE.  The  tariff  structure  is  based  upon  plant  capacity  and  water  production,  covering 
variable cost (water cost plus electricity cost). Tariffs are adjusted monthly based on the indexation 
mechanisms that include local inflation, U.S. inflation and the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar 
and local currency. 

Tenes 

Tenes is a water desalination plant located in Algeria. Befesa Agua Tenes has a 51.0% stake in Tenes 
Lilmiyah SpA. The remaining 49% is owned by AEC. 

The water purchase agreement is a 25-year take-or-pay contract with Sonatrach/ADE. The tariff 
structure is based upon plant capacity and water production, covering variable cost (water cost 
plus electricity cost). Tariffs are adjusted monthly based on the exchange rate between the U.S. 
dollar and local currency and yearly based on indexation mechanisms that include local inflation 
and U.S. inflation. 

383 

 
 
  Assets subject to the application of IFRIC 12 interpretation based on the concession of services 
as of December 31, 2022: 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status
(1) 

% of 
nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Renewable energy: 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8) 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

Solana 

USA 

(O) 

100.0 

30 Years 

APS 

(I) 

1,887,669 

(664,681) 

(25,082) 

Mojave 

USA 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

PG&E 

(I) 

1,573,621 

(497,072) 

45,193 

Palmatir 

Uruguay 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Cadonal 

Uruguay 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Melowind 

Uruguay 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Solaben 2 

Spain 

(O) 

70.0 

25 Years 

Solaben 3 

Spain 

(O) 

70.0 

25 Years 

Solacor 1 

Spain 

(O) 

87.0 

25 Years 

Solacor 2 

Spain 

(O) 

87.0 

25 Years 

Solnova 1 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solnova 3 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solnova 4 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Helios 1 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Helios 2 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Helioenergy 
1 

Helioenergy 
2 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solaben 1 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solaben 6 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

UTE, 
Uruguay 
Administ
ration 

UTE, 
Uruguay 
Administ
ration 

UTE, 
Uruguay 
Administ
ration 

Kingdom 
of Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

147,937  

(63,692)  

4,021  

122,012  

(49,616)  

3,680  

136,053 

(43,988) 

3,567 

298,791 

(97,618) 

6,163 

297,865 

(98,526) 

6,319 

299,306 

(105,031) 

5,275 

311,671 

(108,306) 

5,698 

301,041 

(123,894) 

7,509 

281,557 

112,213 

7,027 

263,079 

(104,282) 

7,694 

304,015 

101,255) 

5,201 

296,267 

(97,167) 

4,508 

291,454 

(101,428) 

8,032 

292,225 

(99,126) 

8,149 

293,721 

87,873) 

6,453 

290,745 

(86,822) 

7,110 

Fixed price per 
MWh with 
annual 
increases of 
1.84% per year 
Fixed price per 
MWh without 
any indexation 
mechanism 
Fixed price per 
MWh in USD 
with annual 
increases based 
on inflation 
Fixed price per 
MWh in USD 
with annual 
increases based 
on inflation 
Fixed price per 
MWh in USD 
with annual 
increases based 
on inflation 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

30-year PPA with APS 
regulated by ACC 

25-year PPA with 
PG&E regulated by 
CPUC and CAEC 

20-year PPA with UTE, 
Uruguay state-owned 
utility 

20-year PPA with UTE, 
Uruguay state-owned 
utility 

20-year PPA with UTE, 
Uruguay state-owned 
utility 

Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 

384 

 
Kaxu 

South 
Africa 

(O) 

51.0 

20 Years 

Eskom 

(I) 

455,517 

(179,417) 

44,487 

Take or pay 
contract for the 
purchase of 
electricity up to 
the contracted 
capacity from 
the facility. 

20-year PPA with 
Eskom SOC Ltd. With a 
fixed price formula in 
local currency subject 
to indexation to local 
inflation 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status
(1) 

% of 
nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Efficient Natural Gas: 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8) 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

ACT 

Mexico 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Pemex 

(F) 

512,796 

- 

80,731 

Fixed price to 
compensate 
both 
investment and 
O&M costs, 
established in 
USD and 
adjusted 
annually 
partially 
according to 
inflation and 
partially 
according to a 
mechanism 
agreed in 
contract 

20-year Services 
Agreement with 
Pemex, Mexican oil & 
gas state-owned 
company 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status
(1) 

% of 
nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Transmission lines: 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8) 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

ATS 

Peru 

(O) 

100.0 

30 Years 

Republic of 
Peru 

(I) 

532,859 

(157,573) 

31,351 

ATN 

Peru 

(O) 

100.0 

30 Years 

ATN 2 

Peru 

(O) 

100.0 

18 Years 

Quadra I 

Chile 

(O) 

100.0 

21 Years 

Quadra II 

Chile 

(O) 

100.0 

21 Years 

Republic 
of Peru 

Las 
Bambas 
Mining 

Sierra 
Gorda 

Sierra 
Gorda 

(I) 

360,412 

(130,364) 

10,988 

(F) 

71,966 

- 

10,673 

(F) 

37,423 

- 

5,847 

(F) 

51,552 

- 

4,845 

Tariff fixed by 
contract and 
adjusted 
annually in 
accordance with 
the US Finished 
Goods Less 
Food and 
Energy inflation 
index 
Tariff fixed by 
contract and 
adjusted 
annually in 
accordance with 
the US Finished 
Goods Less 
Food and 
Energy inflation 
index 
Fixed-price 
tariff base 
denominated in 
U.S. dollars with 
Las Bambas 

Fixed price in 
USD with 
annual 
adjustments 
indexed mainly 
to US CPI 

Fixed price in 
USD with 
annual 
adjustments 
indexed mainly 
to US CPI 

30-year Concession 
Agreement with the 
Peruvian Government 

30-year Concession 
Agreement with the 
Peruvian Government 

18 years purchase 
agreement 

21-year Concession 
Contract with Sierra 
Gorda regulated by 
CDEC and the 
Superentendencia de 
Electricidad, among 
others 
21-year Concession 
Contract with Sierra 
Gorda regulated by 
CDEC and the 
Superentendencia de 
Electricidad, among 
others 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status
(1) 

% of 
nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8) 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

385 

 
 
 
 
 
 Water: 

Skikda 

Algeria 

(O) 

34.2 

25 Years 

Honaine 

Algeria 

(O) 

25.5 

25 Years 

Tenes 

Algeria 

(O) 

51.0 

25 Years 

Sonatrach 
& ADE 

Sonatrach 
& ADE 

Sonatrach 
& ADE 

(F) 

71,007 

- 

13,121 

(F) 

(F) 

N/A(9) 

N/A(9) 

N/A(9) 

98,962 

- 

14,637 

U.S. dollar 
indexed take-
or-pay contract 
with Sonatrach 
/ ADE 

U.S. dollar 
indexed take- or-
pay contract with 
Sonatrach / ADE 
U.S. dollar 
indexed take- or-
pay contract with 
Sonatrach / ADE 

25 years purchase 
agreement 

25 years purchase 
agreement 

25 years purchase 
agreement 

(1)  In operation (O), Construction (C) as of December 31, 2022. 
(2)  Itochu Corporation holds 30% of the economic rights to each of Solaben 2 and Solaben 3. JGC Corporation holds 13% of the economic 
rights to each Solacor 1 and Solacor 2. Algerian Energy Company, SPA, or AEC, owns 49% and Sacyr Agua, S.L., a subsidiary of Sacyr, 
S.A., owns the remaining 25.5% of the Honaine project. AEC owns 49% and Sacyr Agua S.L. owns the remaining 16.83% of the Skikda 
project. Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa (29%) & Kaxu Community Trust (20%) for the Kaxu Project. AEC owns 49% 
of the Tenes project. 

(3)  Classified as concessional financial asset (F) or as intangible assets (I). 
(4)  The infrastructure is used for its entire useful life. There are no obligations to deliver assets at the end of the concession periods, except 

for ATN and ATS. 

(5)  Generally, there are no termination provisions other than customary clauses for situations such as bankruptcy or fraud from the operator, 

for example. 

(6)  Sales to wholesale markets and additional fixed payments established by the Spanish government. 
(7)  In each case the off-taker is the grantor. 
(8)  Figures reflect the contribution to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc. as of December 31, 

2022. 

(9)  Recorded under the equity method. 

386 

 
  
 
 
 
Assets subject to the application of IFRIC 12 interpretation based on the concession of services as 
of December 31, 2021: 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status
(1) 

% of 
nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Renewable energy: 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8) 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

Solana 

USA 

(O) 

100.0 

30 Years 

APS 

(I) 

1,865,770 

(568,911) 

(26,886) 

Mojave 

USA 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

PG&E 

(I) 

1,578,530 

(435,937) 

38,239 

Palmatir 

Uruguay 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Cadonal 

Uruguay 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Melowind 

Uruguay 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Solaben 2 

Spain 

(O) 

70.0 

25 Years 

Solaben 3 

Spain 

(O) 

70.0 

25 Years 

Solacor 1 

Spain 

(O) 

87.0 

25 Years 

Solacor 2 

Spain 

(O) 

87.0 

25 Years 

Solnova 1 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solnova 3 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solnova 4 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Helios 1 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Helios 2 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Helioenergy 
1 

Helioenergy 
2 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Solaben 1 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

UTE, 
Uruguay 
Administ
ration 

UTE, 
Uruguay 
Administ
ration 

UTE, 
Uruguay 
Administ
ration 

Kingdom 
of Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

(I) 

387 

147,925  

(56,267)  

4,278  

122,002  

(43,465)  

1,220  

135,988 

(36,794) 

3,476 

315,137 

(89,176) 

7,111 

314,084 

(90,477) 

6,704 

318,557 

(96,911) 

5,593 

331,588 

(99,801) 

4,689 

317,624 

(116,464) 

7,112 

297,046 

(105,517) 

8,749 

277,953 

(97,828) 

8,720 

321,479 

(92,943) 

5,917 

313,182 

(89,008) 

5,930 

307,727 

(94,563) 

8,510 

308,472 

(91,879) 

8,472 

310,257 

(79,468) 

7,342 

Fixed price per 
MWh with 
annual 
increases of 
1.84% per year 
Fixed price per 
MWh without 
any indexation 
mechanism 
Fixed price per 
MWh in USD 
with annual 
increases based 
on inflation 
Fixed price per 
MWh in USD 
with annual 
increases based 
on inflation 
Fixed price per 
MWh in USD 
with annual 
increases based 
on inflation 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue 
base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 
Regulated 
revenue base(6) 

30-year PPA with APS 
regulated by ACC 

25-year PPA with 
PG&E regulated by 
CPUC and CAEC 

20-year PPA with UTE, 
Uruguay state-owned 
utility 

20-year PPA with UTE, 
Uruguay state-owned 
utility 

20-year PPA with UTE, 
Uruguay state-owned 
utility 

Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 

 
   
 
Solaben 6 

Spain 

(O) 

100.0 

25 Years 

Kingdom of 
Spain 

(I) 

307,047 

(78,529) 

6,884 

Kaxu 

South 
Africa 

(O) 

51.0 

20 Years 

Eskom 

(I) 

481,776 

(167,171) 

45,779 

different laws and 
rulings in Spain 
Regulated revenue 
established by 
different laws and 
rulings in Spain 

20-year PPA with 
Eskom SOC Ltd. With a 
fixed price formula in 
local currency subject 
to indexation to local 
inflation 

Regulated 
revenue base(6) 
Take or pay 
contract for the 
purchase of 
electricity up to 
the contracted 
capacity from 
the facility. 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status
(1) 

% of 
nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Efficient Natural Gas: 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8) 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

ACT 

Mexico 

(O) 

100.0 

20 Years 

Pemex 

(F) 

537,579 

- 

124,799 

Fixed price to 
compensate 
both 
investment and 
O&M costs, 
established in 
USD and 
adjusted 
annually 
partially 
according to 
inflation and 
partially 
according to a 
mechanism 
agreed in 
contract 

20-year Services 
Agreement with 
Pemex, Mexican oil & 
gas state-owned 
company 

Project 
name 

Country 

Status
(1) 

% of 
nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Transmission lines: 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8) 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

ATS 

Peru 

(O) 

100.0 

30 Years 

Republic of 
Peru 

(I) 

532,675 

(139,789) 

28,451 

ATN 

Peru 

(O) 

100.0 

30 Years 

ATN 2 

Peru 

(O) 

100.0 

18 Years 

Quadra I 

Chile 

(O) 

100.0 

21 Years 

Quadra II 

Chile 

(O) 

100.0 

21 Years 

Republic 
of Peru 

Las 
Bambas 
Mining 

Sierra 
Gorda 

Sierra 
Gorda 

(I) 

360,271 

(118,116) 

7,413 

(F) 

76,210 

- 

11,428 

(F) 

38,993 

- 

5,358 

(F) 

55,561 

- 

4,711 

388 

Tariff fixed by 
contract and 
adjusted 
annually in 
accordance with 
the US Finished 
Goods Less 
Food and 
Energy inflation 
index 
Tariff fixed by 
contract and 
adjusted 
annually in 
accordance with 
the US Finished 
Goods Less 
Food and 
Energy inflation 
index 
Fixed-price 
tariff base 
denominated in 
U.S. dollars with 
Las Bambas 

Fixed price in 
USD with 
annual 
adjustments 
indexed mainly 
to US CPI 

Fixed price in 
USD with 
annual 
adjustments 
indexed mainly 
to US CPI 

30-year Concession 
Agreement with the 
Peruvian Government 

30-year Concession 
Agreement with the 
Peruvian Government 

18 years purchase 
agreement 

21-year Concession 
Contract with Sierra 
Gorda regulated by 
CDEC and the 
Superentendencia de 
Electricidad, among 
others 
21-year Concession 
Contract with Sierra 
Gorda regulated by 
CDEC and the 
Superentendencia de 
Electricidad, among 
others 

 
 
 
 
Project 
name 

Water: 

Country 

Status
(1) 

% of 
nominal 
Share(2) 

Period of 
Concession 
(4)(5) 

Off-
taker(7) 

Financial/ 
Intangible (3) 

Assets/ 
Investment 

Accumulated 
Amortization 

Operating 
Profit/ 
(Loss)(8) 

Arrangement 
Terms (price) 

Description of the 
Arrangement 

Skikda 

Algeria 

(O) 

34.2 

25 Years 

Honaine 

Algeria 

(O) 

25.5 

25 Years 

Tenes 

Algeria 

(O) 

51.0 

25 Years 

Sonatrach 
& ADE 

Sonatrach 
& ADE 

Sonatrach 
& ADE 

(F) 

70,969  

- 

14,654  

(F) 

(F) 

N/A(9) 

N/A(9) 

N/A(9) 

99,438 

- 

16,671 

U.S. dollar 
indexed take-
or-pay contract 
with Sonatrach 
/ ADE 

U.S. dollar 
indexed take- or-
pay contract with 
Sonatrach / ADE 
U.S. dollar 
indexed take- or-
pay contract with 
Sonatrach / ADE 

25 years purchase 
agreement 

25 years purchase 
agreement 

25 years purchase 
agreement 

(1)  In operation (O), Construction (C) as of December 31, 2021. 
(2)  Itochu Corporation holds 30% of the economic rights to each of Solaben 2 and Solaben 3. JGC Corporation holds 13% of the economic 
rights to each Solacor 1 and Solacor 2. Algerian Energy Company, SPA, or AEC, owns 49% and Sacyr Agua, S.L., a subsidiary of Sacyr, 
S.A., owns the remaining 25.5% of the Honaine project. AEC owns 49% and Sacyr Agua S.L. owns the remaining 16.83% of the Skikda 
project. Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa (29%) & Kaxu Community Trust (20%) for the Kaxu Project. AEC owns 49% 
of the Tenes project. 

(3)  Classified as concessional financial asset (F) or as intangible assets (I). 
(4)  The infrastructure is used for its entire useful life. There are no obligations to deliver assets at the end of the concession periods, except 

for ATN and ATS. 

(5)  Generally, there are no termination provisions other than customary clauses for situations such as bankruptcy or fraud from the operator, 

for example. 

(6)  Sales to wholesale markets and additional fixed payments established by the Spanish government. 
(7)  In each case the off-taker is the grantor. 
(8)  Figures reflect the contribution to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc. as of December 31, 

2021. 

(9)  Recorded under the equity method. 

389 

 
   
  
 
 
 
  27.  Additional information of subsidiaries including material non-controlling 

interest  

As of December 31, 2022: 

Profit/(Loss) 
of non- 
controlling 
interest 
in 
Atlantica 
consolidated 
net result 
2022 

Non- 
controlling 
interest 
in 
Atlantica 
consolidated 
equity as 
of 
December 31, 
2022 

% of 
non- 
controlling 
interest 
held 

Distributions 
paid to 
non- 
controlling 
interest 

Non- 
current 
assets* 

Current 
Assets* 

Non- 
current 
liabilities* 

Current 
liabilities* 

Net profit/ 
(loss)* 

Total 
Comprehensive 
income* 

49%** 

2,849 

7,060 

47,509 

68,655 

29,293 

12,470 

6,788 

10,725 

-   

-   

90% 

21,333 

30% 

   1,913 

(5) 

402 

15,996 

18,657 

4,910 

- 

4,904 

(6) 

25,271    201,060     12,730     115,109 

14,857 

1,158   

(1,428) 

30% 

   1,397 

370 

24,522    201,088     13,814     117,948 

15,495 

1,051   

(1,642) 

49% 

   2,260 

5,675 

25,592     94,989     40,884    

72,279 

11,365 

11,581   

- 

Subsidiary 

name 

Aguas de Skikda 

S.P.A. 

Non- 
controlling 
interest 
name 

Algerian 
Energy 
Company 
S.P.A. 

Atlantica Yield 
Energy 
Solutions 
Canada Inc. 

Algonquin 
Power Co. 

Solaben 

Electricidad 
Dos S.A. 

Itochu Europe 
Plc 

Solaben 

Electricidad 
Tres S.A. 

Itochu Europe 
Plc 

Ténès Lilmiyah 

SPA 

Algerian 
Energy 
Company 
S.P.A. 

* Stand-alone figures as of December 31, 2022. 

** Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc. owns 67% of the shares in Geida Skikda, S.L., which in its turn owns 51% of Aguas de Skikda 
S.P.A., so that indirectly Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc. owns 34.17% of Aguas de Skikda S.P.A. The table only shows information 
related to the non-controlling interest of the SPV, Aguas de Skikda S.P.A. 

390 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2021: 

Profit/(Loss) 
of non- 
controlling 
interest 
in 
Atlantica 
consolidated 
net result 
2022 

Non- 
controlling 
interest 
in 
Atlantica 
consolidated 
equity as 
of 
December 31, 
2022 

% of 
non- 
controlling 
interest 
held 

Distributions 
paid to 
non- 
controlling 
interest 

Non- 
current 
assets* 

Current 
Assets* 

Non- 
current 
liabilities* 

Current 
liabilities* 

Net profit/ 
(loss)* 

Total 
Comprehensive 
income* 

49%** 

3,753 

7,166   

43,985  

69,057  

27,863   

17,030 

6,552 

10,886  

90% 

17,282 

(8)   

38,200  

38,507  

6,291   

- 

6,279 

(8)  

-   

-   

30% 

2,375 

406   

25,864  

224,412  

12,798   

138,026 

13,910 

1,354  

(9,726)  

30% 

2,382 

246   

24,605  

223,976  

12,201   

141,077 

13,825 

820  

(9,713)  

49% 

2,813 

6,409   

21,795  

96,444  

36,283   

79,129 

9,120 

12,950  

-  

Subsidiary 

name 

Aguas de 
Skikda 
S.P.A. 

Non- 
controlling 
interest 
name 

Algerian 
Energy 
Company 
S.P.A. 

Atlantica Yield 
Energy 
Solutions 
Canada Inc. 

Algonquin 
Power Co. 

Solaben 

Electricidad 
Dos S.A. 

Itochu 
Europe Plc 

Solaben 

Electricidad 
Tres S.A. 

Itochu 
Europe Plc 

Ténès Lilmiyah 

SPA 

Algerian 
Energy 
Company 
S.P.A. 

* Stand-alone figures as of December 31, 2021. 

** Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc. owns 67% of the shares in Geida Skikda, S.L., which in its turn owns 51% of Aguas de Skikda 
S.P.A., so that indirectly Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure plc. owns 34.17% of Aguas de Skikda S.P.A. The table only shows information 
related to the non-controlling interest of the SPV, Aguas de Skikda S.P.A. 

391 

 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Company Financial Statements 

Company Balance Sheet 

Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars 

Non Current assets 
Intangible and tangible assets 
Investments in subsidiaries 
Amounts owed by group undertakings 
Financial investments 
Derivative assets 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Amounts owed by group undertakings 
Derivative assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year 
Trade and other payables 
Amounts owed to group undertakings 
Borrowings  

Net current assets 

Total assets less current liabilities 

Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year 
Borrowings 
Amounts owed to group undertakings 
Derivative liabilities 
Other liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

 (1)  Notes 1 to 10 are an integral part of the financial statements  

392 

Notes (1) 

As of 
December 31, 
2022 

As of 
December 31, 
2021 

3 
4 

6 

4 
6 
9 

7 
4 
5 

5 
4 
6 

114 
1,661,909 
930,188 
- 
279 

95 
1,779,817 
885,991 
971 
1,607 

2,592,490 

2,668,481 

628 
34,495 
7,558 
60,833 

510 
47,771 
2,153 
88,294 

103,514 

138,728 

2,696,004 

2,807,209 

6,377 
3,792 
11,442 

8,777 
4,266 
25,749 

21,611 

38,792 

81,903 

99,936 

2,674,393 

2,768,417 

886,515 
379,892 
4,688 
16,684 

885,249 
343,498 
16,690 
12,288 

1,287,779 

1,257,725 

1,309,390 

1,296,517 

1,386,614 

1,510,692 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
  Capital and Reserves 

Share capital  
Share premium account  
Capital reserves 
Other reserves 
Accumulated deficit 

Shareholders’ funds 

8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

11,606 
986,594 
814,951 
4,638 
(431,175) 

11,240 
872,011 
1,020,027 
224 
(392,810) 

1,386,614 

1,510,692 

(1)  Notes 1 to 10 are an integral part of the financial statements  

The Company has taken the exemption under Companies Act 2006 section 408 not to publish the 
parent company profit and loss account. The Company recorded a loss after tax of 43.1 million for 
the period ended 31 December 2022 (2021: profit after tax of $54.7 million). 

The  financial  statements  of  Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  plc,  company  registration  no. 
08818211, were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 28 February 2023. 
They were signed on its behalf by: 

Director and Chief Executive Officer 

Chief Financial Officer 

Santiago Seage 

February 28, 2023 

Francisco Martinez-Davis 

February 28, 2023 

393 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Company Statement of Changes in Equity 

Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars 

Share 
capital 

Share 
premium 
account 

Capital 
reserves 

Other 
reserves 

Accumulated 
deficit 

Total 
Shareholder´s 
funds 

10,667 

  1,011,743 

881,745 

(1,481) 

(462,420) 

1,440,254 

573 
- 
- 

60,268 
- 
- 

128,920 
- 
(190,638) 

-   
-   
-   

- 
54,682 
- 

189,761 
54,682 
(190,638) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(200,000) 

200,000 

1,705 

- 

1,705 

- 

- 

14,928 

14,928 

- 

- 

11,240 

872,011 

1,020,027 

224 

(392,810) 

1,510,692 

366 
- 
- 

114,583 
- 
- 

(1,969) 
- 
(203,107) 

-   
-   
-   

- 
(43,092) 
- 

112,980 
(43,092) 
(203,107) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4,414 

- 

4,414 

- 

4,727 

4,727 

11,606 

986,594 

814,951 

4,638 

(431,175) 

1,386,614 

Balance at 1 
January 2021 

Capital increase 
Profit for the year 
Dividends 
Change in fair value 
of cash flow hedges 
(net of deferred 
taxation) 

Share-based 
compensation 

Reduction of Share 
Premium 

Balance at 31 
December 2021 

Capital increase 
Loss for the year 
Dividends 
Change in fair value 
of cash flow hedges 
(net of deferred 
taxation) 

Share-based 
compensation 

Balance at 31 
December 2022  

394 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
  Notes to the Company Financial Statements 

1.  Significant Accounting Policies 

The  separate  financial  statements  of  the  Company  are  presented  as  required  by  the 
Companies Act 2006. The Company meets the definition of a qualifying entity under FRS 
100 (Financial Reporting Standard 100) issued by the Financial Reporting Council. These 
financial statements were prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 101 
“Reduced Disclosure Framework (“FRS 101”)”. 

As permitted by FRS 101, the Company has taken advantage of the disclosure exemptions 
available under that standard in relation to share-based payment, financial instruments, 
capital  management,  presentation  of  comparative  information  in  respect  of  certain 
assets, presentation of a cash-flow statement and certain related party transactions.  

Where  required,  equivalent  disclosures  are  given  in  the  consolidated  financial 
statements.  General  information  about  the  Company  is  disclosed  in  note  1  of  the 
consolidated  financial  statements.  Amounts  included  in  these  separate  financial 
statements are all expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated. The 
financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  the  historical  cost  basis  except  for  the 
remeasurement of certain financial instruments to fair value. 

The  Company  has  prepared  these  financial  statements  on  a  going  concern  basis.  For 
further information, please refer the “going concern basis” in note 2.1 of the consolidated 
financial statements.  

The principal accounting policies adopted are the same as those set out in note 2 to the 
consolidated financial statements except as noted below. 

Investments in subsidiaries and impairment 

Investments  in  subsidiaries  are  stated  at  cost  less,  where  appropriate,  provisions  for 
impairment. 

At each balance sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its investments 
to  determine  whether  there  is  any  indication  that  those  assets  have  suffered  an 
impairment  loss.  If  any  such  indication  exists,  the  recoverable  amount  of  the  asset  is 
estimated to determine the extent of the impairment loss.  

Recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell  and  value  in  use.  In 
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present 
value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time 
value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash 
flows have not been adjusted. 

If the recoverable amount of an asset is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, 
the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment 
loss is recognised immediately in the profit and loss. 

395 

 
Where  an  impairment  loss  subsequently  reverses,  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  is 
increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased 
carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined 
had  no  impairment  loss been  recognised  for  the  asset  in  prior  years.  A  reversal  of  an 
impairment loss is recognised immediately in the profit and loss. 

Receivables  arising  from  interest-free  intercompany  loans  are  recognised  when  the 
Company becomes party to the related contracts and are measured initially at the fair 
value represented by the present value of future cash flows discounted at market interest 
rate. The difference between the fair value and the consideration advanced is recognised 
as an increase in the cost of investment in subsidiary. 

After initial recognition, interest-free intercompany loans are subsequently measured at 
amortised cost using the effective interest method. The finance income is recognised in 
the statement of comprehensive income. 

Significant judgements and estimates 

The  most  critical  accounting  policies,  which  reflect  significant  management  estimates 
and  judgement  to  determine  amounts  in  the  Company’s  financial  statements,  are  as 
follows: 

Estimates: 

o 

Impairment of investments (see Note 3) 

Impairment  exists  when  the  carrying  value  of  an  investment  exceeds  its  recoverable 
amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The 
value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow model, which is sensitive to 
the discount rate used as well as projected cash-flows. 

The significant assumptions which required substantial estimates used in management’s 
impairment calculation are discount rates and projections considering real data based on 
contract terms and projected changes in selling prices, energy generation and costs. 

o  Fair value of derivative financial instruments (see Note 6) 

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the statement 
of financial position cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their 
fair  value  is  measured  using  valuation  techniques  including  the  discounted  cash  flow 
model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, 
but where this is not feasible, a degree of estimate is required in establishing fair values. 
Estimates include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. 
Changes in assumptions relating to these factors could affect the reported fair value of 
financial instruments. 

396 

 
 
 
 
2.  Profit/(loss) for the year 

As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Company has elected not 
to present its own profit and loss account for the year. The Company reported a loss for 
the financial year ended 31 December 2022 of $43.1 million (2021: profit of $54.7 million). 

The employee cost recorded in the profit and loss account of the Company for the year 
2022 amounts to $6.7 million (2021: $7.3 million). The auditor’s remuneration for audit 
and other services is disclosed in note 23 to the consolidated financial statements. 

397 

 
 
3.  Investments in Subsidiaries 

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries at 31 December 2022 are as follows: 

Name 

Place of 
incorporation and 
principal place of 
business 

Proportion 
of 
ownership 
interest 

Proportion 
of voting 
power held 

% 

% 

Registered office 

AC Renovables Sol 1 S.A.S. E.S.P. 

Colombia 

70,00% 

70,00% 

ACT Energy Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. 

Mexico 

99.99% 

99.99% 

ACT Holdings, S.A. de C.V. 

Mexico 

99.99% 

99.99% 

Agrisun, S.R.L. 

Italy 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Aguas de Skikda, S.P.A.  

Algeria 

51.00% 

51.00% 

Alcalá Sviluppo Solare S.r.l. 

Arizona Solar One, LLC (USA) 

ASHUSA Inc 

ASI Operations, LLC 

ASO Holdings Company, LLC  

ASUSHI Inc. 

Italy 

USA 

USA 

USA 

USA 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Chile, S.P.A. 

Chile 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Colombia S.A.S. E.S.P. 

Colombia 

100,00% 

100,00% 

Atlantica Corporate Resources, S.L. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica DCR, LLC. 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Energia Sostenible Italia, S.r.l 

Italy 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Energía Sostenible España S.L.  Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Hidro Colombia SPA 

Colombia 

15.00% 

68.00% 

Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 15, 
Bogota 
Avda.  Jaime  Balmes,  11,  Piso  10, 
Torre  C,  Fraccion  C,  Oficina  1001, 
Col.  Los  Morales  Polanco,  11510, 
Ciudad de Mexico 
Avda.  Jaime  Balmes,  11,  Piso  10, 
Torre  C,  Fraccion  C,  Oficina  1001, 
Col.  Los  Morales  Polanco,  11510, 
Ciudad de Mexico 
Via de la Mercede, 11, 00187, Roma 
(Italy) 
162 Bois des Cars III 
DelyIbrahim — Alger - Algerie 
Vicolo del Messaggero 11 – 38068 
Rovereto (TN) 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Avda.  Apoquindo,  3600,  Piso  5, 
Oficina  517,  Las  Condes,  Santiago 
de Chile 
Carrera  7,  71  –  21  Torre  B,  piso 
15,Bogota 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Via de la Mercede, 11, 00187, Roma 
(Italy) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 15, 
Bogota 

398 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name 

Place of 
incorporation and 
principal place of 
business 

Atlantica Holdings USA, LLC 

Atlantica Infraestructura Sostenible, 
S.L.U. 
Atlantica Investments Ltd 

USA 

Spain 

UK 

Proportion 
of 
ownership 
interest 
% 

Proportion 
of voting 
power held 

% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Newco, Ltd 

UK 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica North America, LLC. 

Atlantica Peru, S.A. 

USA 

Peru 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Renewable Power Mexico de 
R.L. de C.V 

Mexico 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Solutions LLC 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica South Africa (Pty) Ltd 

South Africa 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica South Africa Operations 
Proprietary Limited Ltd 

South Africa 

92.00% 

92.00% 

Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure 
Jersey Ltd. 
Atlantica Transmision Sur, S.A.  

Jersey 

Peru 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Atlantica Yield Energy Solutions Canada 
Inc. 
Atlantica y Quartux Almacenamiento de 
Energía S.A.P.I. de C.V. 

Canada 

10.00% 

66.66% 

Mexico 

60.00% 

60.00% 

ASI Vento LLC 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Registered office 

1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
Great West House, GW1 
Great West Road 
Brentford TW8 9DF 
London, UK 
Great West House, GW1 
Great West Road 
Brentford TW8 9DF 
London, UK 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Av.  El  Derby  55,  Edificio  Cronos, 
Torre 3, Piso 6; oficina 608. 
Santiago de Surco 
Lima (Peru). 
Avda.  Jaime  Balmes,  11,  Piso  10, 
Torre  C,  Fraccion  C,  Oficina  1001, 
Col.  Los  Morales  Polanco,  11510, 
Ciudad de Mexico 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Office 103 Ancorley Building; 
45 Scott Street 
Upington 
8801 (South Africa) 
Office 103 Ancorley Building; 
45 Scott Street 
Upington 
8801 (South Africa) 
47 Esplanade, St Helier, 
Jersey JE1 0BD UK 
Av.  El  Derby  55,  Edificio  Cronos, 
Torre 3, Piso 6; oficina 608. 
Santiago de Surco 
Lima. 
354 Davis Road Suite 100 
Oakville On L5J 2X1 
Avda.  Jaime  Balmes,  11,  Piso  10, 
Torre  C,  Fraccion  C,  Oficina  1001, 
Col.  Los  Morales  Polanco,  11510, 
Ciudad de Mexico 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 

399 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name 

Place of 
incorporation and 
principal place of 
business 

Proportion 
of 
ownership 
interest 
% 

Proportion 
of voting 
power held 

% 

Registered office 

ATN 2, S.A. 

Peru 

100.00% 

100.00% 

ATN 4, S.A. 

Peru 

100.00% 

100.00% 

ATN, S.A.  

Peru 

99.99% 

99.99% 

AY Holding Uruguay S.A. 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

AYES International UK Ltd. 

UK 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Banitod, S.A. 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Befesa Agua Tenes, S.L.U. 

BPC US Wind Corporation 

Spain 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Cadonal, S.A. 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Calgary District Heating Inc. 

Canada 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Carpio Solar Inversiones, S.A. 

Chile PV I 

Spain 

Chile 

100.00% 

100.00% 

35.00% 

66.66% 

Chile PV II 

Chile 

35.00% 

66.66% 

Chile PV III 

Chile 

35.00% 

66.66% 

Av. El Derby 55, Edificio Cronos, 
Torre 3, Piso 6; oficina 608. 
Santiago de Surco 
Lima. 
Av.  El  Derby  55,  Edificio  Cronos, 
Torre 3, Piso 6; oficina 608. 
Santiago de Surco 
Lima. 
Av.  El  Derby  55,  Edificio  Cronos, 
Torre 3, Piso 6; oficina 608. 
Santiago de Surco 
Lima. 
Avda.  Luis  Alberto  de  Herrera, 
1248, World Trade Center, Torre II, 
Piso  1.  Oficina  1505,  Montevideo, 
Uruguay. 
Great West House, GW1 
Great West Road 
Brentford TW8 9DF 
London, UK 
Avda.  Luis  Alberto  de  Herrera, 
1248, World Trade Center, Torre II, 
Piso  1.  Oficina  1505,  Montevideo, 
Uruguay. 
Calle Energia Solar, 1 
41014 Sevilla 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Avda.  Luis  Alberto  de  Herrera, 
1248, World Trade Center, Torre II, 
Piso  1.  Oficina  1505,  Montevideo, 
Uruguay. 
Suite 2500 Park Place 
666 Burrard Street 
Vancouver BC V6C 2X8 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
Avenida Los Militares 5885, piso 7, 
departamento  701,  Las  Condes, 
Santiago de Chile. 
Avenida Los Militares 5885, piso 7, 
departamento  701,  Las  Condes, 
Santiago de Chile. 
Avenida Los Militares 5885, piso 7, 
departamento  701,  Las  Condes, 
Santiago de Chile. 

400 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name 

Place of 
incorporation and 
principal place of 
business 

CGP Holding Finance, LLC 

Ecija Solar Inversiones, S.A.  

Coropuna Transmisión, S.A 

USA 

Spain 

Peru 

Proportion 
of 
ownership 
interest 
% 

Proportion 
of voting 
power held 

% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Day Ahead Solar LLC 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Energía Renovable Dalia 1 SA de CV 

Mexico 

51.00% 

51.00% 

Energía Renovable Dalia 2 SA de CV 

Mexico 

51.00% 

51.00% 

Energía Renovable Dalia 3 SA de CV 

Mexico 

51.00% 

51.00% 

Estrellada S.A. 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Extremadura Equity Investment S.a.r.l. 

Luxembourg 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Fotovoltaica Solar Sevilla, S.A. 

Geida Skikda, S.L. 

Spain 

Spain 

80.00% 

80.00% 

67.00% 

67.00% 

Global Solar Participations Sarl 

Luxembourg 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Helioenergy Electricidad Uno, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Helioenergy Electricidad, Dos, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Helios I Hyperion Energy Investments, 
S.L. 
Helios II Hyperion Energy Investments, 
S.L.  
Helios 2, S.R.L. 

Spain 

Spain 

Italy 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Registered office 

251  Little  Falls  Drive,  Wilmington, 
New Castle, Delaware, 19808 (USA) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
Av.  El  Derby  55,  Edificio  Cronos, 
Torre 3, Piso 6; oficina 608. 
Santiago de Surco 
Lima. 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Avda.  Jaime  Balmes,  11,  Piso  10, 
Torre  C,  Fraccion  C,  Oficina  1001, 
Col.  Los  Morales  Polanco,  11510, 
Ciudad de Mexico 
Avda.  Jaime  Balmes,  11,  Piso  10, 
Torre  C,  Fraccion  C,  Oficina  1001, 
Col.  Los  Morales  Polanco,  11510, 
Ciudad de Mexico 
Avda.  Jaime  Balmes,  11,  Piso  10, 
Torre  C,  Fraccion  C,  Oficina  1001, 
Col.  Los  Morales  Polanco,  11510, 
Ciudad de Mexico 
Avda.  Luis  Alberto  de  Herrera, 
1248, World Trade Center, Torre II, 
Piso  1.  Oficina  1505,  Montevideo, 
Uruguay. 
6, 
Luxembourg 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
Paseo  de 
28046 Madrid (Spain) 
6, 
Luxembourg 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
Melissano (LE) Via Monte Rosa 19 
Roma (Italy) 

rue  Eugène  RuppertL-2453 

rue  Eugène  RuppertL-2453 

la  Castellana  83-85, 

Name 

Place of 
incorporation and 

Proportion 
of 

Proportion 
of voting 
power held 

Registered office 

401 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
principal place of 
business 

ownership 
interest 
% 

% 

Hidrocañete, S.A.  

Peru 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Hypesol Energy Holding, S.L.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Hypesol Solar Inversiones S.A.U 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Hunucma Wind Power S.A. de C.V 

Mexico 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Kaxu Solar One (Pty) Ltd 

South Africa 

51.00% 

51.00% 

Logrosan Equity Investment S.a.r.l. 

Luxembourg 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Logrosan Solar Inversiones Dos, S.L.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Logrosan Solar Inversiones, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Mojave Solar Holdings, Llc  

Mojave Solar, Llc  

Montesejo Piano, S.r.l. 

Mordor ES1 LLC 

Mordor ES2 LLC 

USA 

USA 

Italy 

USA 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100,00% 

100,00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Nesyla, S.A. 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Overnight Solar LLC 

USA 

100.00% 

100.00% 

PA Renovables Sol 1 S.A.S. E.S.P. 

Colombia 

70,00% 

70,00% 

Palmatir, S.A 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Palmucho, S.A.                                           Chile 

100.00% 

100.00% 

rue  Eugène  RuppertL-2453 

Av.  El  Derby  55,  Edificio  Cronos, 
Torre 3, Piso 6; oficina 608. 
Santiago de Surco 
Lima. 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
Avda.  Jaime  Balmes,  11,  Piso  10, 
Torre  C,  Fraccion  C,  Oficina  1001, 
Col.  Los  Morales  Polanco,  11510, 
Ciudad de Mexico 
Office 103 Ancorley Building; 
45 Scott Street 
Upington 
8801 (South Africa) 
6, 
Luxembourg 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Via  XX  Settembre  1  cap  00187, 
Roma. 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Avda.  Luis  Alberto  de  Herrera, 
1248, World Trade Center, Torre II, 
Piso  1.  Oficina  1505,  Montevideo, 
Uruguay. 
1553  West  Todd  Dr.,  Suite  204 
Tempe, AZ 85283 (USA) 
Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 15, 
Bogota 
Avda.  Luis  Alberto  de  Herrera, 
1248, World Trade Center, Torre II, 
Piso  1.  Oficina  1505,  Montevideo, 
Uruguay. 
Avda.  Apoquindo,  3600,  Piso  5, 
Oficina  517,  Las  Condes,  Santiago 
de Chile 

Name 

Place of 
incorporation and 

Proportion 
of 

Proportion 
of voting 
power held 

Registered office 

402 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
principal place of 
business 

ownership 
interest 
% 

% 

Parque Fotovoltaico La Sierpe S.A.S. 

Colombia 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Parque Fotovoltaico La Tolua S.A.S 

Colombia 

100,00% 

100,00% 

Parque Solar Tierra Linda, S.A.S 

Colombia 

100,00% 

100,00% 

Re Sole, S.R.L. 

Italy 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Rilados, S.A. 

Uruguay 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Rioglass Solar Holding, S.A. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

RRHH Servicios Corporativos S. de R.L. 
de C.V. 

Mexico 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Sanlucar Solar, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

SJ Renovables Sun 1 S.A.S. E.S.P. 

Colombia 

70,00% 

70,00% 

SJ Renovables Wind 1 S.A.S. E.S.P. 

Colombia 

70,00% 

70,00% 

Solaben Electricidad Dos, S.A.  

Spain 

70.00% 

70.00% 

Solaben Electricidad Seis, S.A. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solaben Electricidad Tres, S.A.  

Spain 

70.00% 

70.00% 

Solaben Electricidad Uno, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 15, 
Bogota 

MZ  D  CA  23  Urb.  Bosques  de 
Varsovia, 
Tolima, 
Ibague, 
Colombia. 
CC Arkacentro Mod T OF A 07 Sec. 
Tolima, 
Arkacentro, 
Colombia. 

Ibague, 

Via  de  la  Mercede,  11,  00187, 
Roma (Italy) 

Luis Alberto de Herrera 1248, WTC, 
Torre  2,  Piso  15,  Oficina  1505, 
Montevideo, Uruguay 

Poligono 
Industrial  de  Sevilla, 
Santa  Cruz  de  Mieres,  Mieres, 
Asturias (Spain) 

Avda.  Jaime  Balmes,  11,  Piso  10, 
Torre  C,  Fraccion  C,  Oficina  1001, 
Col.  Los  Morales  Polanco,  11510, 
Ciudad de Mexico 

C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 

Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 15, 
Bogota 
Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 15, 
Bogota 
Plataforma  Solar  Extremadura, 
Carretera EX-116 PK 17,560, 10120 
Logrosan (Caceres, Spain) 
Plataforma  Solar  Extremadura, 
Carretera EX-116 PK 17,560, 10120 
Logrosan (Caceres, Spain) 
Plataforma  Solar  Extremadura, 
Carretera EX-116 PK 17,560, 10120 
Logrosan (Caceres, Spain) 
Plataforma  Solar  Extremadura, 
Carretera EX-116 PK 17,560, 10120 
Logrosan (Caceres, Spain) 

Name 

Place of 
incorporation and 
principal place of 
business 

Proportion 
of 
ownership 
interest 
% 

Proportion 
of voting 
power held 

% 

Registered office 

403 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Solaben Luxembourg S.A. 

Luxembourg 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solacor Electricidad Uno, S.A.  

Solacor Electricidad Dos, S.A. 

Solar Processes, S.A. 

Spain 

Spain 

Spain 

87.00% 

87.00% 

87.00% 

87.00% 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solnova Electricidad Cuatro, S.A. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solnova Electricidad Tres, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solnova Electricidad Uno, S.A.  

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Solnova Solar Inversiones, S.A. 

Spain 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Tenes Lilmiyah SPA 

Algeria 

51.00% 

51.00% 

Transmisora Baquedano, S.A. 

Chile 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Transmisora Mejillones, S.A. 

Chile 

100.00% 

100.00% 

Transmisora Melipeuco, S.A. 

Chile 

100.00% 

100.00% 

VO Renovables SOL 1 S.A.S. E.S.P. 

Colombia 

70,00% 

70,00% 

White Rock Insurance (Europe) PPC 
Limited 

Malta 

100.00% 

100.00% 

rue  Eugène  RuppertL-2453 

6, 
Luxembourg 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
C/ Albert Einstein, s/n 
41092, Sevilla (Spain) 
19 Lot Bois des Cars III. 
Dely Ibrahim, Alger. 
Avda.  Apoquindo,  3600,  Piso  5, 
Oficina  517,  Las  Condes,  Santiago 
de Chile 
Avda.  Apoquindo,  3600,  Piso  5, 
Oficina  517,  Las  Condes,  Santiago 
de Chile 
Avda.  Apoquindo,  3600,  Piso  5, 
Oficina  517,  Las  Condes,  Santiago 
de Chile 
Carrera 7, 71 – 21 Torre B, piso 15, 
Bogota  
Central Business District. CBD1070, 
Birkirkara (Malta) 

404 

 
 
 
 
 
  The investments in subsidiaries are all stated at cost. Information on the investments acquired 
in the year is disclosed in Note 5 in the consolidated financial statements. As of 31 December 
2022 and 2021, the carrying amount of the investments held directly by the Company were as 
follows: 

77 

Palmucho, S.A. 
Atlantica Corporate Resources, S.L. 
Transmisora Baquedano, S.A. 
Transmisora Mejillones, S.A. 
ACT Holdings, S.A. de C.V. 
Atlantica Peru, S.A. 
Atlantica Infraestructura Sostenible, S.L.U. 
ATN, S.A. (*) 
Atlantica Transmision Sur, S.A. (*) 
Atlantica Investments Ltd. 
ATN 2, S.A. 
Atlantica North America, LLC. 
CKA1 Holding S. de R.L. de C.V. 
AYES International UK Ltd. 
Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure Jersey Ltd.  
Atlantica Newco, Ltd. 
Transmisora Melipeuco, S.A. 

2022 
$’000 

2021 
$’000 

- 

8,954 
- 
- 
98,543 
261,920 
889,236 
13,988 
11,847 
56,998 
13,720 
301,751 
- 
4,854 
- 
- 
98 

- 

8,954 
- 
- 
98,543 
261,920 
888,823 
13,863 
11,847 
56,998 
13,720 
420,288 
7 
4,854 
- 
- 
- 

Total investments in subsidiaries 

1,661,909  1,779,817 

(*)  Corresponds  to  the  initial  difference  between  the  amortized  cost  and  nominal  amount  of  interest  free  loans 
(classified as amounts owed by group undertakings, see note 4), classified as capital contribution in accordance with 
IFRS 9. 

405 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Movements  in  the  carrying  value  of  investments  during  the  years  2022  and  2021  were  as 
follows: 

As at 1 January 2022 
Increase 
Impairment 

As at 31 December 2022 

As at 1 January 2021 
Increase 
Impairment 

As at 31 December 2021 

$ ´000 

1,779,817 

635 
(118,543) 

1,661,909 

$ ´000 

1,846,157 
4,094 
(70,434) 

1,779,817 

The increase in 2021 mainly related to capital increase in the U.S. entities. 
The impairment for $118.5 million in 2022 and for $70.4 million in 2021 corresponds mainly 
to the investment held in Atlantica North America LLC, which is the holding company of all 
the U.S. entities of Atlantica. The impairment is primarily due to the impairment recorded in 
Solana  in  2022  and  2021  (see  Note  6  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements)  and  to  an 
increase  in  the  discount  rate  used  to  discount  future  cash  flow  projections  to  obtain  the 
recoverable amount of the investment. 

4.  Amounts Owed by/to Group Undertakings 

7 

Non-current receivables from group companies 
Current receivables from group undertakings 

2022 
$’000 

930,188 
34,495 

2021 
$’000 

885,991 
47,771 

Total amounts owed by group undertakings 

964,683 

933,762 

Current amounts owed to group undertakings 
Non-Current amounts owed to group undertakings 
Total amounts owed to group undertakings 

3,792 
379,892 
383,684 

4,266 
343,498 
347,764 

406 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of 31 December 2022 and 2021, the details of the non-current amounts owed by group 
undertakings were as follows: 

7 

ATN, S.A. 
Carpio Solar Inversiones, S.A. 
Atlantica Transmision Sur, S.A. 
Atlantica South Africa (Pty), Ltd. 
ASUSHI, Inc 
Atlantica Investments, Ltd. 
Helios I Hyperion Energy Investments, S.A. 
Helios II Hyperion Energy Investments, S.A. 
Atlantica North America, LLC 
Sanlucar Solar, S.A. 
Atlantica Newco, Ltd. 
ASHUSA, Inc 
Solar Process, S.A. 
Solnova Electricidad, S.A.  
Solnova Electricidad Tres, S.A.  
Solnova Electricidad Cuatro, S.A. 
Other 

2022 
$’000 

10,548 
- 
- 
1,321 
62,847 
142,657 
4,187 
4,443 
438,695 
14,723 
99,248 
70,788 
31,327 
14,714 
14,170 
12,955 
7,565 

2021 
$’000 

22,897 
13,163 
3,421 
7,903 
60,320 
102,795 
6,591 
6,679 
455,368 
17,038 
99,217 
68,762 
- 
4,071 
4,392 
4,321 
9,053 

Amounts owed by group undertakings 

930,188 

885,991 

The principal features of the most significant loans to subsidiary undertakings are as 
follows: 

ATN, S.A. 
Carpio Solar Inversiones, S.A. 
Atlantica Transmision Sur, S.A. 
Atlantica South Africa (Pty) Ltd. 
ASUSHI, Inc 
ASHUSA Inc. 
Atlantica Investments Ltd. 
Atlantica North America LLC 
Atlantica Newco Limited 
Sanlucar Solar, S.A. 
Solar Process, S.A. 
Solnova Electricidad, S.A.  
Solnova Electricidad Tres, S.A.  
Solnova Electricidad Cuatro, S.A. 

Interest Rate 

Maturity 

0% 

Not applicable 

2.5% plus Euribor 12 months 

31 July 2031 

0% 
Not applicable 
5.9% 
4.5% 
4.5% 
4.5% 
4.5% 
4.5% 
4.5% 

2.5% plus Euribor 12 months 
2.5% plus Euribor 12 months 
2.5% plus Euribor 12 months 

Not applicable 
Not applicable 
31 December 2024 
31 December 2030 
31 December 2030 
31 December 2030 
31 December 2030 
31 December 2030 
31 December 2030 
20 July 2035 
20 July 2035 
20 July 2035 

As at 31 December 2022, the amounts owed to group undertakings primarily relate to ACT 
Energy Mexico, S.A. de C.V. for $162.8 million ($172.1 million as of 31 December 2021), to 
Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  Jersey  Ltd  for  $107.9  million  ($105.3  million  as  of  31 
December 2021) and to Atlantica Infraestructura Sostenible, S.L.U. for $98.9 million ($58.2 as 
of 31 December 2021)

407 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.  Borrowings 

As of 31 December 2022 and 2021, the details of borrowings were as follows: 

Secured borrowing at amortised cost 
Bonds 
Borrowings 

Total borrowings 
Amount due for settlement within 12 
months 

Amount due for settlement after 12 
months 

2022  
$’000 

2021  
$’000 

9,937 
888,020 

24,422 
886,576 

897,957 

910,988 

11,442 

25,749 

886,515 

885,249 

The main features of the borrowings and bonds are as follows: 

On July 20, 2017, the Company signed a credit facility (the “2017 Credit Facility”) for 
up to €10 million ($10.7 million), which is available in euros or U.S. dollars. Amounts 
drawn down accrue interest at a rate per year equal to EURIBOR plus 2% or LIBOR 
plus 2%, depending on the currency, with a floor of 0% on the LIBOR and EURIBOR. 
As  of  December  31,  2022,  $6.4  million  has  been  drawn  down  ($8.2  million  as  of 
December 31, 2021). As of December 31, 2021, the credit facility maturity was July 1, 
2023. On July 1, 2022, the maturity has been extended to July 1, 2024. 

On May 10, 2018, the Company entered into the Revolving Credit Facility for $215 
million with a syndicate of banks. Amounts drawn down accrue interest at a rate per 
year equal to (A) for Eurodollar rate loans, Term SOFR, plus a Term SOFR Adjustment 
equal  to  0.10%  per  annum,  plus  a  percentage  determined  by  reference  to  the 
leverage ratio of the Company, ranging between 1.60% and 2.25% and (B) for base 
rate loans, the highest of (i) the rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the 
rates on overnight U.S. Federal funds transactions with members of the U.S. Federal 
Reserve System arranged by U.S. Federal funds brokers on such day plus ½ of 1.00%, 
(ii) the U.S. prime rate and (iii) Term SOFR plus 1.00%, in any case, plus a percentage 
determined  by  reference  to  the  leverage  ratio  of  the  Company,  ranging  between 
0.60% and 1.00%. Letters of credit may be issued using up to $100 million of the 
Revolving Credit Facility. During 2019, the amount of the Revolving Credit Facility 
increased from $215 million to $425 million. In the first quarter of 2021, the Company 
increased  the  amount  of  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility  from  $425  million  to  $450 
million.  On  May  5,  2022,  the  maturity  was  extended  to  December  31,  2024.  On 
December 31, 2022, $30 million were drawn down (nill as of December 31, 2021). On 
December 31, 2022, the Company issued letters of credit for $35 million ($10 million 

408 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
as of December 31, 2021). As of December 31, 2022, therefore, $385 million of the 
Revolving Credit Facility were available ($440 million as of December 31, 2021). 

On April 30, 2019, the Company entered into the Note Issuance Facility 2019, a senior 
unsecured note facility with a group of funds managed by Westbourne Capital as 
purchasers of the notes issued thereunder for a total amount of €268 million ($287 
million), with maturity date on April 30, 2025. Interest accrued at a rate per annum 
equaled to the sum of 3-month EURIBOR plus 4.50%. The interest rate on the Note 
Issuance  Facility  2019  was  fully  hedged  by  an  interest  rate  swap  resulting  in  the 
Company paying a net fixed interest rate of 4.24%. The Note Issuance Facility 2019 
was fully repaid on June 4, 2021, and subsequently delisted from the Official List of 
The International Stock Exchange. 

On  October  8,  2019,  the  Company  filed  a  euro  commercial  paper  program  (the 
“Commercial Paper”) with the Alternative Fixed Income Market (MARF) in Spain. The 
program  had  an  original  maturity  of  twelve  months  and  has  been  extended  for 
annual periods until October 2023. The program allows Atlantica to issue short term 
notes over the next twelve months for up to €50 million ($54 million), with such notes 
having a tenor of up to two years. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had €9.3 
million ($9.9 million) issued and outstanding under the program at an average cost 
of 2.21% (€21.5 million, or $24.4 million, as of December 31, 2021). 

On April 1, 2020, the Company closed the secured 2020 Green Private Placement for 
€290  million  ($310  million).  The  private  placement  accrues  interest  at  an  annual 
1.96% interest rate, payable quarterly and has a June 2026 maturity. 

On July 8, 2020, the Company entered into the Note Issuance Facility 2020, a senior 
unsecured  financing  with  a  group  of  funds  managed  by  Westbourne  Capital  as 
purchasers of the notes issued thereunder for a total amount of $150 million which 
is denominated in euros (€140 million). The Note Issuance Facility 2020 was issued 
on August 12, 2020, interest accrues at a rate per annum equal to the sum of the 3-
month EURIBOR plus a margin of 5.25% with a floor of 0% for the EURIBOR, payable 
quarterly and has a maturity of seven years from the closing date. The Company have 
entered  into  a  cap  at  0%  for  the  EURIBOR  with  3.5  years  maturity  to  hedge  the 
variable interest rate risk. 

On May 18, 2021, the Company issued the Green Senior Notes due in 2028 in an 
aggregate principal amount of $400 million. The notes mature on May 15, 2028 and 
bear interest at a rate of 4.125% per annum payable on June 15 and December 15 of 
each year, commencing December 15, 2021. 

6.  Derivative assets and liabilities  

The breakdowns of the fair value amount of the derivative financial instruments as 
of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: 

409 

 
 
 
   Balance as of December 31, 2022       Balance as of December 31, 2021 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Foreign exchange derivatives 

instruments 

3,189      

-       

3,410      

- 

Notes conversion option 

-      

4,688    

-      

16,690 

Interest rate cash flow hedge 

4,648      

-    

350      

- 

Total 

7,837 

4,688     

3,760 

16,690 

The Company owns the following derivatives instruments: 

- 

Interest rate cash flow hedge classified as current assets relate to an interest rate cap 
hedging the Note Issuance Facility 2020 interest with a strike of 0%.  

-  Currency options with leading international financial institutions, which guarantee 
minimum Euro-U.S. dollar exchange rates. The strategy of the Company is to hedge 
the  exchange  rate  for  the  distributions  from  its  European  assets  after  deducting 
interest  payments  and  euro-denominated  general  and 
euro-denominated 
administrative expenses. Through currency options, the Company hedges 100% of 
its  euro-denominated  net  exposure  for  the  next  12  months  and  75%  of  its  euro 
denominated net exposure for the following 12 months, on a rolling basis. Hedge 
accounting is not applied to these options. 

On July 17, 2020, Atlantica Sustainable Infrastructure Jersey Limited, a subsidiary of the 
Company issued $100 million aggregate principal amount of 4.00% convertible bonds 
(the  “Green  Exchangeable  Notes”)  due  2025.  On  July  29,  2020,  Atlantica  Sustainable 
Infrastructure Jersey Limited closed an additional $15 million aggregate principal amount 
of the Green Exchangeable Notes. The notes mature on July 15, 2025 and bear interest 
at a rate of 4.00% per annum. The initial exchange rate of the notes is 29.1070 ordinary 
shares of the Company per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which is equivalent to an 
initial  exchange  price  of  $34.36  per  ordinary  share.  Noteholders  may  exchange  their 
notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading 
day  immediately  preceding  April  15,  2025,  only  during  certain  periods  and  upon 
satisfaction of certain conditions. On or after April 15, 2025, noteholders may exchange 
their notes at any time. Upon exchange, the notes may be settled, at the election of the 
Company, into its ordinary shares, cash or a combination thereof. The exchange rate is 
subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events. 

The  conversion  option  of  the  Green  Exchangeable  Notes  is  an  embedded  derivative 
associated to the option to convert into the Company´s shares, with no obligation for 
Atlantica  Sustainable  Infrastructure  Jersey  Limited  to  deliver  itself  these  shares  to  the 
Noteholders.  It  is  therefore  classified  within  the  line  “Derivative  liabilities”  of  these 
financial statements. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value is a liability of $4.7 million 
(a liability of $16.7 million as of December 31, 2021). The prospective changes to its fair 

410 

 
 
 
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
  
  
    
   
 
   
 
 
value are accounted for directly through the income statement. 

7.  Trade and Other Payables  

As  of  31  December  2022,  and  2021,  Trade  and  other  payables  primarily  relate  to 
independent professional services. 

8.  Equity 

As  of  December  31,  2022,  the  share  capital  of  the  Company  amounts  to  $11,605,513 
($11,240,297  as  of  December  31,  2021)  represented  by  116,055,126  ordinary  shares 
(112,402,973  shares  as  of  December  31,  2021)  fully  subscribed  and  disbursed  with  a 
nominal value of $0.10 each, all in the same class and series. Each share grants one voting 
right. 

Algonquin owns 42.2% of the shares of the Company and is its largest shareholder as of 
December 31, 2022. Algonquin’s voting rights and rights to appoint directors are limited 
to  41.5%  and  the  difference  between  Algonquin´s  ownership  and  41.5%  will  vote 
replicating non-Algonquin’s shareholders’ vote. 

On December 11, 2020, the Company closed an underwritten public offering of 5,069,200 
ordinary shares, including 661,200 ordinary shares sold pursuant to the full exercise of 
the underwriters’ over-allotment option, at a price of $33 per new share. Gross proceeds 
were approximately $167 million. Given that the offering was issued through a subsidiary 
in  Jersey,  which  became  wholly  owned  by  the  Company  at  closing,  and  subsequently 
liquidated, the premium on issuance was credited to a merger reserve account (Capital 
reserves), net of issuance costs, for $161 million. Additionally, Algonquin committed to 
purchase  4,020,860  ordinary  shares  in  a  private  placement  in  order  to  maintain  its 
previous equity ownership of 44.2% in the Company. The private placement closed on 
January 7, 2021. Gross proceeds were approximately $133 million ($131 million net of 
issuance costs). 

During the first quarter of 2021, the Company changed the accounting treatment applied 
to  its  existing  long-term  incentive  plans  granted  to  employees  from  cash-settled  to 
equity-settled in accordance with IFRS 2, Share-based Payment, as a result of incentives 
being settled in shares. The liability recognized for the rights vested by the employees 
under  such  plans  at  the date  of  this  change, was  reclassified  to  equity  within  the  line 
“Accumulated  deficit”  for  approximately  $9  million.  The  settlement  in  shares  was 
approved  by  the  Board  of  Directors  on  February  26,  2021,  and  the  Company  issued 
141,482 new shares to its employees up to December 31, 2021, to settle a portion of 
these plans. During the year 2022, the Company issued 228,560 new shares under such 
incentive plans. 

On August 3, 2021, the Company established an “at-the-market program” and entered 
into a distribution agreement with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, as sales agent, under which 
the  Company  may  offer  and  sell  from  time  to  time  up  to  $150  million  of  its  ordinary 

411 

 
 
shares. The Company also entered into an agreement with Algonquin pursuant to which 
the Company has offered Algonquin the right but not the obligation, on a quarterly basis, 
to purchase a number of ordinary shares to maintain its percentage interest in Atlantica 
at the average price of the shares sold under the distribution agreement in the previous 
quarter  (the  “ATM  Plan  Letter  Agreement”).  On  February  28,  2022,  the  Company 
established a new “at-the-market program” and entered into a distribution agreement 
with BofA Securities, MUFG and RBC Capital Markets, as its sales agents, under which the 
Company may offer and sell from time to time up to $150 million of its ordinary shares. 
Upon entry into the distribution agreement, the Company terminated its prior “at-the-
market program” established on August 3, 2021 and the related distribution agreement 
dated such date, entered into with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC. During the year 2022, the 
Company sold 3,423,593 shares (1,613,079 shares during the year 2021) at an average 
market  price  of  $33.57  ($38.43  in  2021)  pursuant  to  its  distribution  agreement, 
representing net proceeds of $114 million ($61 million in 2021). Pursuant to the ATM 
Plan Letter Agreement, the Company delivers a notice to Algonquin quarterly in order 
for them to exercise their rights thereunder. 

Atlantica´s reserves as of December 31, 2022 are made up of share premium account and 
capital reserves. The share premium account reduction by $200 million during the year 
2021,  increasing  capital  reserves  by  the  same  amount,  was  made  effective  upon  the 
confirmation received from the High Court  in the UK, pursuant to the  Companies Act 
2006. 

Other reserves primarily include the change in fair value of interest rate cashflow hedges 
instruments, net of tax. 

Accumulated  deficit  primary  includes  the  results  of  the  Company  and  the  impact  of 
equity-settled incentive plans. 

9.  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022, include $60.8 million of cash at bank 
and on hand ($88.3 million as of December 31, 2021). 

10. Third-party guarantees 

The Company, or other holding entities on its behalf, issued guarantees on behalf of 
subsidiaries amounting to $216.9 million as of December 31, 2022 ($174.2 million as of 
December 31, 2021), which correspond mainly to guarantees provided to off-takers in 
PPAs, guarantees for debt service reserve accounts and guarantees for points of access 
for renewable energy projects. 

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