UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT
Commission file number: 001-38728
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
4400 Route 9 South, Suite 3100
Freehold, New Jersey
(Address of principal executive offices)
47-1685128
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
07728
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number: (732) 780-4400
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each Class:
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share
Trading Symbol
ALBT
Name of Each Exchange
The NASDAQ Capital Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12
months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth
company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
☐
☒
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
☐
☒
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial
accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☐ No ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the
correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the
registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates was
approximately $7,398,000.
The number of shares of our common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding as of March 29, 2024, was 11,104,534.
Documents incorporated by reference: NONE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Item 1.
Business
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
Item 1C.
Cybersecurity
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
[Reserved]
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 8.
Item 9.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Item 9B.
Other Information
Item 9C.
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
PART III
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
PART IV
Item 15.
Exhibits
Item 16.
Form 10-K Summary
Signatures
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Forward-Looking Statements
CERTAIN STATEMENTS IN THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K MAY CONSTITUTE “FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS”. WHEN THE WORDS
“BELIEVES,” “EXPECTS,” “PLANS,” “PROJECTS,” “ESTIMATES,” “OBJECTIVES,” “MAY,” “MIGHT,” “PREDICT,” “TARGET,” “POTENTIAL,” “WILL,”
“WOULD,” “COULD,” “SHOULD,” “CONTINUE,” AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS ARE USED, THEY IDENTIFY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. THESE
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON MANAGEMENT’S CURRENT BELIEFS AND ASSUMPTIONS AND INFORMATION CURRENTLY
AVAILABLE TO MANAGEMENT AND INVOLVE KNOWN AND UNKNOWN RISKS, UNCERTAINTIES AND OTHER FACTORS WHICH MAY CAUSE THE
ACTUAL RESULTS, PERFORMANCE OR ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE COMPANY TO BE MATERIALLY DIFFERENT FROM ANY FUTURE RESULTS,
PERFORMANCE OR ACHIEVEMENTS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED BY THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. INFORMATION CONCERNING FACTORS
THAT COULD CAUSE OUR ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS CAN BE FOUND IN OUR
PERIODIC REPORTS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. YOU SHOULD READ THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K AND
THE DOCUMENTS THAT WE HAVE FILED AS EXHIBITS TO THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K COMPLETELY. WE UNDERTAKE NO OBLIGATION TO
PUBLICLY RELEASE REVISIONS TO THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS TO REFLECT FUTURE EVENTS OR CIRCUMSTANCES OR REFLECT
THE OCCURRENCE OF UNANTICIPATED EVENTS, EXCEPT AS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
Unless otherwise indicated, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company,” or “Avalon” mean Avalon GloboCare Corp. and its subsidiaries, and references to “fiscal” mean
the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31. References to the “parent company” mean Avalon GloboCare Corp.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
PART I
We are dedicated to developing and delivering innovative, transformative, precision diagnostics and clinical laboratory services. Our main strategy is to acquire ownership or
license rights in precision diagnostic assets, genetic testing and clinical laboratory companies through joint ventures, share ownership structures or distribution rights. We plan
to play a leading role in the innovation of diagnostic testing, utilizing proprietary technology to deliver precise, genetics-driven results.
We have the following areas of focus:
Laboratory Acquisitions
We have embarked on a laboratory rollup strategy focused on forming joint ventures and acquiring laboratories that are accretive to our commercial strategy. On February 9,
2023, we entered into and closed an Amended and Restated Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Amended MIPA”), by and among Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc.,
our wholly owned subsidiary (“Avalon Laboratory Services”), SCBC Holdings LLC, Laboratory Services MSO, LLC (“Lab Services MSO”), the Zoe Family Trust, Bryan Cox
and Sarah Cox. The Amended MIPA amended and restated, in its entirety, that certain Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated November 7, 2022 (the “Original
MIPA”).
Under the Amended MIPA, we acquired from SCBC Holdings LLC through our subsidiary Avalon Laboratory Services, forty percent (40%) of all the issued and outstanding
equity interests of Lab Services MSO, free and clear of all liens (the “Laboratory Services MSO Acquisition”). As part of the consideration for the Laboratory Services MSO
Acquisition, we issued shares of our newly designated Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, stated value $1,000 per share (“the Series B Preferred Stock”). Further, Avalon
Laboratory Services paid SCBC Holdings LLC $20,666,667 for 40% of all the issued and outstanding equity interests of Lab Services MSO, which comprised of (i) $9,000,000
in cash, (ii) $11,000,000 pursuant to the issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock, and (iii) a $666,667 cash payment on February 29, 2024.
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● Lab Services MSO is focused on delivering high quality services related to toxicology and wellness testing and provides a broad portfolio of diagnostic tests, including
drug testing, toxicology, and a broad array of test services, from general bloodwork to anatomic pathology, and urine toxicology. Specific capabilities include STAT
blood testing, qualitative drug screening, genetic testing, urinary testing, and sexually transmitted disease testing. Lab Services MSO tests for the thyroid panel,
comprehensive metabolic panel, kidney profile, liver function tests, and other individual tests. Through Lab Services MSO, we use fast, accurate, and efficient
equipment to provide practitioners with the tools to quickly determine if a patient is following their designated treatment plan. In most instances, we are able to
provide a practitioner with qualitative drug class results the same day a sample is received. Lab Services MSO provides a menu of extensive chemistry tests that
physicians can use to obtain information to better treat their patients and maintain their overall wellness. Lab Services MSO has developed a premier reputation for
customer service and fast turnaround times.
● Lab Services MSO is also focused on commercialization of genetic-based proprietary testing. The first area of focus in this area is confirmatory genetic testing during
toxicology screening and genetic testing to screen for addictive propensity. Lab Services MSO plans to focus on diagnostic testing utilizing proprietary technology to
deliver precise genetic driven results.
● In the third quarter of 2023, Lab Services MSO acquired Merlin Technologies, Inc., a retail medical equipment company.
Research and Development
We are focused on bringing forward intellectual property through joint patent filings with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). We completed a sponsored research
and co-development project with MIT, led by Professor Shuguang Zhang as Principal Investigator. Using the unique QTY code protein design platform, six water-soluble
variant cytokine receptors have been successfully designed and tested to show binding affinity to the respective cytokines. We currently are focused on bringing forward the
intellectual property associated with this program through joint patent submissions.
Product Commercialization
We have begun work on the commercialization and development of a versatile breathalyzer system.
We were granted exclusive distributorship rights for the KetoAir from Qi Diagnostics in Hong Kong for the following territories: North America, South America, the EU and
the UK. We had a pilot launch and exhibition of the KetoAir in this year’s KetoCon conference in Austin, Texas (April 21-23, 2023). For our commercialization strategy, we
intend to target the diabetes and obesity markets. We are evaluating options for commercialization, including identifying distribution partners or distributing the KetoAir
ourselves.
The KetoAir breathalyzer system (the “KetoAir”) is a handheld device that allows the user to detect acetone levels in exhaled breath. The acetone level is in concentration units
(ppm, part-per-million) such that the user will know his/her real-time ketosis status: inadequate ketosis (0-3.99 ppm), mild ketosis (4-9.99 ppm), optimal ketosis (10-40 ppm),
or alarming level (> 40 ppm). The breathalyzer is registered with the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) as a Class I medical device. The device is also
paired with an “AI Nutritionist” software program (via Bluetooth connection) which is downloadable from Google Play (for Android mobile phones, approved) and iPhone (the
app is currently being reviewed by Apple iOS AppStore). It helps users monitor and manage their ketogenic diet and related programs. We believe the KetoAir can be an
essential tool to help diabetic patients adhere to their therapeutic programs and optimize their ketogenic dietary management.
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Other Areas
In order to preserve cash and focus on our core laboratory rollup strategy and product commercialization, we have currently suspended all research and development efforts
related to cellular therapy (except for our joint patent filing with MIT as noted above) in order to redirect our funding efforts to our core business strategies outlined above.
Corporate and Available Information
We are incorporated in Delaware. Our website is located at http://www.avalon-globocare.com. On our website, investors can obtain, free of charge, a copy of our Annual Report
on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, our Code of Conduct and Business Ethics, including disclosure related to any amendments or
waivers thereto, other reports and any amendments thereto filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
“Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such material electronically with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). None
of the information posted on our website is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports,
proxy and information statements and other information regarding us and other companies that file materials with the SEC electronically.
China Operations
Due to the winding down of the medical related consulting services segment, in November 2022, we decided to cease all operations in the People’s Republic of China (the
“PRC”) with the exception of a small administrative office, in Beijing. We, through our Nevada Subsidiary Avactis Biosciences Inc., will continue to own Avactis Nanjing
Biosciences Ltd., which only owns a patent and is not considered an operating entity. In addition, we reconstituted our Board of Directors (the “Board”) in December 2022 at
our annual meeting of stockholders and our directors who were citizens of China did not stand for re-election at our annual meeting. We do not expect nor do we plan that we
will further operate in the PRC or generate revenue from PRC operations for the foreseeable future.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the activities of the Company and each of the following entities:
Place and Date of
Percentage of
Name of Subsidiary
Avalon Healthcare System, Inc. (“AHS”)
Incorporation
Delaware May 18, 2015
Ownership
100% held by Company
Principal Activities
Holding company for payroll and other expenses
Avalon RT 9 Properties, LLC (“Avalon RT
9”)
New Jersey February 7,
2017
100% held by Company
Owns and operates an income-producing real property and holds and
manages the corporate headquarters
Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology
Co., Ltd. (“Avalon Shanghai”)
Genexosome Technologies Inc.
(“Genexosome”)
PRC April 29, 2016
100% held by AHS
Ceased operations and is not considered an operating entity
Nevada July 31, 2017
60% held by Company
No current activities to report, dormant
Avactis Biosciences Inc. (“Avactis”)
Nevada July 18, 2018
60% held by Company
Patent holding company
Avactis Nanjing Biosciences Ltd. (“Avactis
Nanjing”)
Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc. (“Avalon
Lab”)
PRC May 8, 2020
100% held by Avactis
Owns a patent and is not considered an operating entity
Delaware October 14, 2022 100% held by Company
Laboratory holding company with a 40% membership interest in Lab
Services MSO
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Sales and Marketing
Laboratory Services
We seek to develop new business through relationships driven by our senior management, which have extensive contacts throughout the healthcare system. Our senior
management will be seeking opportunities for joint ventures, strategic relationships and acquisitions in consulting, biomedical innovations, laboratory, and medical device
companies. In addition, through our membership interest in Lab Services MSO, we plan to generate revenue from toxicology and wellness laboratory testing. We also intend to
seek opportunities to expand the operations of Lab Services MSO and our wholly owned subsidiary, Avalon Laboratory Services, through the acquisition of additional lab
companies and through the opening of new lab locations.
Breathalyzer System (KetoAir)
We are in the process of launching sales of the KetoAir in the US. We have retained a marketing expert to assist us to bring this product to market through social media,
influencer promotion and our website. We will also be launching this product at the 2024 “KetoCon” convention taking place May 31, 2024 in Austin Texas, where we plan to
begin taking orders for this product.
Markets
Laboratory Services
Through our membership interest in Lab Services MSO, we are focused on delivering high quality services related to toxicology and wellness testing. We use fast, accurate, and
efficient equipment to provide practitioners with the tools to quickly determine if a patient is following their designated treatment plan. In most instances, we are able to provide
a practitioner with qualitative drug class results the same day the sample is received. We provide an extensive chemistry test menu that gives physicians the information to
better treat their patients and maintain their overall wellness. The panels that we test for are thyroid panel, comprehensive metabolic panel, kidney profile, liver function tests,
and other individual tests.
We are currently offering our laboratory services in California, Texas and Arizona.
Breathalyzer System (KetoAir)
Our current area of focus for the launch of the KetoAir is within the United States (“US”). We are focused on the population within the US that is using the Keto Diet approach
to weight loss and diabetic management.
Avalon RT 9 Properties, LLC
In May 2017, we acquired commercial property located in Freehold, New Jersey. This property serves as our corporate headquarters and contains several commercial tenants
that generate revenue through rental income.
Strategic Development
Through our wholly owned subsidiary Avalon Laboratory Services and through our membership interest in Lab Services MSO, we plan to execute on a rollup acquisition
strategy of small to medium size laboratories accretive to our strategy and complimentary to our membership interest in Lab Services MSO. We also intend to pursue the
acquisition and development of healthcare related technologies for cell related diagnostics and therapeutics through acquisition, licensing or joint ventures with major
universities and biotech companies seeking laboratory or medical device acquisitions.
4
Intellectual Property
Our goal is to obtain, maintain and enforce patent rights for our products, formulations, processes, methods of use and other proprietary technologies, preserve our trade secrets,
and operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of other parties, both in the United States and abroad. Our policy is to actively seek to obtain, where appropriate, the
broadest intellectual property protection possible for our current product candidates and any future product candidates, proprietary information and proprietary technology
through a combination of contractual arrangements and patents, both in the United States and abroad. Even patent protection, however, may not always afford us with complete
protection against competitors who seek to circumvent our patents. If we fail to adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property rights or secure rights to patents of
others, the value of our intellectual property rights would diminish. To this end, we require all of our employees, consultants, advisors and other contractors to enter into
confidentiality agreements that prohibit the disclosure and use of confidential information and, where applicable, require disclosure and assignment to us of the ideas,
developments, discoveries and inventions relevant to our technologies and important to our business.
Competition
Laboratory Services
While there has been consolidation in the diagnostic information services industry in recent years, the laboratory testing industry is fragmented and highly competitive. We
primarily compete with three types of clinical testing providers: commercial clinical laboratories IDN-affiliated laboratories and physician-office laboratories. Our largest
commercial clinical laboratory competitors are Quest Diagnostic Laboratories and Laboratory Corporation of America. In addition, we compete with many smaller regional and
local commercial clinical laboratories, specialized advanced laboratories and providers of consumer-initiated testing. There also has been a trend among physician practices to
establish their own histology laboratory capabilities and/or bring pathologists into their practices, thereby reducing referrals from these practices and increasing the competitive
position of these practices.
In addition, we believe that consolidation in the diagnostic information services industry will continue. A significant portion of clinical testing is likely to continue to be
performed by independent delivery networks (including hospitals and hospital health systems) (“IDNs”), which generally have affiliations with community clinicians and may
have more, or more convenient, locations in a particular market. As a result, we compete against these affiliated laboratories primarily on the basis of service capability, quality
and pricing. In addition, market activity may increase the competitive environment. For example, IDN ownership of physician practices may enhance the ties of the clinicians
to IDN-affiliated laboratories, enhancing the competitive position of IDN-affiliated laboratories.
The diagnostic information services industry is faced with changing technology, new product introductions and new service offerings. Competitors may compete using
advanced technology, including technology that enables more convenient or cost-effective testing. Digital pathology, still in an emerging state, is an example of this.
Competitors also may compete on the basis of new service offerings. Competitors also may offer testing to be performed outside of a commercial clinical laboratory, such as (1)
point-of-care testing that can be performed by physicians in their offices; (2) testing that can be performed by IDNs in their own laboratories; and (3) home testing that can be
carried out without requiring the services of outside providers.
Clinical
The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will continue to face significant competition from major
pharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to our product candidates that we may seek to develop or
commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relatively attractive reimbursement dynamics, the markets in which we
are seeking to develop products are fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that currently market and sell products or
are pursuing the development of product candidates similar to ours. Our competitors may succeed in developing, acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are
more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any product candidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could
render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.
5
Our commercial opportunity could be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop and commercialize products that are safer, more effective, have fewer or less severe side
effects, are more convenient or are less expensive than any products that we may develop. Our competitors also may obtain FDA or other marketing approval for their products
before we are able to obtain approval for ours, which could result in our competitors establishing a strong market position before we are able to enter the market.
General
Many of our existing and potential future competitors have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in lab services and operations, research and development,
manufacturing, preclinical testing, conducting clinical studies, obtaining marketing approvals and marketing approved products than we do. Mergers and acquisitions in the
pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries may result in even more resources being concentrated among a smaller number of our competitors. Smaller, or early stage,
companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies. These competitors also compete
with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel and establishing clinical study sites and patient registration for clinical studies, as well as in
acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, our programs.
We expect that our ability to compete effectively will depend upon our ability to:
● successfully operate and expand our lab services and locations;
● successfully and rapidly complete adequate and well-controlled clinical studies that demonstrate statistically significant safety and efficacy and to obtain all requisite
regulatory approvals in a cost-effective manner;
● maintain a proprietary position for our manufacturing processes and other technology;
● produce our products in accordance with FDA and international regulatory guidelines;
● attract and retain key personnel; and
● build or access an adequate sales and marketing infrastructure for any approved products.
Failure to do one or more of these activities could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Avalon RT 9 Properties, LLC
Our executive commercial building in Freehold, New Jersey is located on a major highway and is one of the largest buildings in the surrounding areas. It is centrally located
and maintains high occupancy. There are other commercial properties in the vicinity that offer similar amenities. However, premier executive offices are limited and as such we
expect to continue to maintain high occupancy in the near term.
Employees
As of March 29, 2024, we employed five employees, four of which are full time employees. None of our employees are represented by a collective bargaining arrangement.
6
Government Regulation
Overview
The healthcare industry in the U.S. is highly regulated and subject to changing political, legislative, regulatory, and other influences. Further, the healthcare industry is currently
undergoing rapid change. We are uncertain how, when or in what context these new changes will be adopted or implemented. These new regulations could create unexpected
liabilities for us, could cause us or our members to incur additional costs and could restrict our or our clients’ operations. Many of the laws are complex and their application to
us, our clients, or the specific services and relationships we have with our members are not always clear. Our failure to anticipate accurately the application of these laws and
regulations, or our other failure to comply, could create liability for us, result in adverse publicity, and otherwise negatively affect our business.
Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act Compliance
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCA Act, was enacted on December 18, 2020. According to the HFCA Act, if the SEC determines that Avalon has
filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC
will prohibit Avalon’s securities from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States.
On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report which reported that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting
firms headquartered in: (1) mainland China of the People’s Republic of China, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in mainland China; and (2) Hong Kong, a
Special Administrative Region of the PRC, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in Hong Kong.
Avalon’s auditor is Marcum LLP (“Marcum”), based in New York, New York. Marcum is registered with the PCAOB and is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to
which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess their compliance with the applicable professional standards. Since Marcum is located in the United States, the
PCAOB has been able to conduct inspections of Marcum. In addition, Marcum is not among the PCAOB registered public accounting firms registered in mainland China or
Hong Kong that are subject to PCAOB’s determination on December 16, 2021.
Drug Approval Process
The research, development, testing, manufacture, labeling, promotion, advertising, distribution and marketing, among other things, of our product candidates are extensively
regulated by governmental authorities in the United States and other countries. In the United States, the FDA regulates drugs under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act,
or the FDCA, and its implementing regulations. Failure to comply with the applicable U.S. requirements may subject us to administrative or judicial sanctions, such as the
FDA’s refusal to approve a pending new drug application, or NDA, or a pending biologics license application, or BLA, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total
or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions and/or criminal prosecution.
Pharmaceutical products such as ours may not be commercially marketed without prior approval from the FDA and comparable regulatory agencies in other countries. In the
United States, the process to receiving such approval is long, expensive and risky, and includes the following steps:
● pre-clinical laboratory tests, animal studies, and formulation studies;
● submission to the FDA of an IND for human clinical testing, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;
● adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the drug for each indication;
● submission to the FDA of an NDA or BLA;
● satisfactory completion of an FDA inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities at which the drug is produced to assess compliance with current good
manufacturing practices, or cGMPs;
7
● a potential FDA audit of the preclinical and clinical trial sites that generated the data in support of the NDA or BLA;
● the ability to obtain clearance or approval of companion diagnostic tests, if required, on a timely basis, or at all; and
● FDA review and approval of the NDA or BLA.
Regulation by U.S. and foreign governmental authorities is a significant factor affecting our ability to commercialize any of our products, as well as the timing of such
commercialization and our ongoing research and development activities. The commercialization of drug products requires regulatory approval by governmental agencies prior
to commercialization. Various laws and regulations govern or influence the research and development, non-clinical and clinical testing, manufacturing, processing, packing,
validation, safety, labeling, storage, record keeping, registration, listing, distribution, advertising, sale, marketing and post-marketing commitments of our products. The lengthy
process of seeking these approvals, and the subsequent compliance with applicable laws and regulations, require expending substantial resources.
The results of pre-clinical testing, which include laboratory evaluation of product chemistry and formulation, animal studies to assess the potential safety and efficacy of the
product and its formulations, details concerning the drug manufacturing process and its controls, and a proposed clinical trial protocol and other information must be submitted
to the FDA as part of an IND that must be reviewed and become effective before clinical testing can begin. The study protocol and informed consent information for patients in
clinical trials must also be submitted to an independent Institutional Review Board, or IRB, for approval covering each institution at which the clinical trial will be conducted.
Once a sponsor submits an IND, the sponsor must wait 30 calendar days before initiating any clinical trials. If the FDA has comments or questions within this 30-day period,
the issue(s) must be resolved to the satisfaction of the FDA before clinical trials can begin. In addition, the FDA, an IRB or the Company may impose a clinical hold on
ongoing clinical trials due to safety concerns. If the FDA imposes a clinical hold, clinical trials can only proceed under terms authorized by the FDA. Our pre-clinical and
clinical studies must conform to the FDA’s Good Laboratory Practice, or GLP, and Good Clinical Practice, or GCP, requirements, respectively, which are designed to ensure the
quality and integrity of submitted data and protect the rights and well-being of study patients. Information for certain clinical trials also must be publicly disclosed within
certain time limits on the clinical trial registry and results databank maintained by the NIH.
Typically, clinical testing involves a three-phase process; however, the phases may overlap or be combined:
● Phase I clinical trials typically are conducted in a small number of volunteers or patients to assess the early tolerability and safety profile, and the pattern of drug
absorption, distribution and metabolism;
● Phase II clinical trials typically are conducted in a limited patient population with a specific disease in order to assess appropriate dosages and dose regimens, expand
evidence of the safety profile and evaluate preliminary efficacy; and
● Phase III clinical trials typically are larger scale, multicenter, well-controlled trials conducted on patients with a specific disease to generate enough data to statistically
evaluate the efficacy and safety of the product, to establish the overall benefit-risk relationship of the drug and to provide adequate information for the registration of
the drug.
A therapeutic product candidate being studied in clinical trials may be made available for treatment of individual patients, in certain circumstances. Pursuant to the 21st Century
Cures Act (Cures Act), which was signed into law in December 2016. The manufacturer of an investigational product for a serious disease or condition is required to make
available, such as by posting on its website, its policy on evaluating and responding to requests for individual patient access to such investigational product.
The results of the pre-clinical and clinical testing, chemistry, manufacturing and control information, proposed labeling and other information are then submitted to the FDA in
the form of either an NDA or BLA for review and potential approval to begin commercial sales. In responding to an NDA or BLA, the FDA may grant marketing approval,
request additional information in a Complete Response Letter, or CRL, or deny the approval if it determines that the NDA or BLA does not provide an adequate basis for
approval. A CRL generally contains a statement of specific conditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of an NDA or BLA and may require additional testing.
If and when those conditions have been met to the FDA’s satisfaction, the FDA will typically issue an approval letter, which authorizes commercial marketing of the product
with specific prescribing information for specific indications, and sometimes with specified post-marketing commitments and/or distribution and use restrictions imposed under
a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program. Any approval required from the FDA might not be obtained on a timely basis, if at all.
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Among the conditions for an NDA or BLA approval is the requirement that the manufacturing operations conform on an ongoing basis with cGMPs. In complying with cGMPs,
we must expend time, money and effort in the areas of training, production and quality control within our own organization and at our contract manufacturing facilities. A
successful inspection of the manufacturing facility by the FDA is usually a prerequisite for final approval of a pharmaceutical product. Following approval of the NDA or BLA,
we and our manufacturers will remain subject to periodic inspections by the FDA to assess compliance with cGMPs requirements and the conditions of approval. We will also
face similar inspections coordinated by foreign regulatory authorities.
Disclosure of Clinical Trial Information
Sponsors of certain clinical trials of FDA-regulated products are required to register and disclose certain clinical trial information. Information related to the product, patient
population, phase of investigation, trial sites and investigators, and other aspects of the clinical trial are then made public as part of the registration. Sponsors are also obligated
to disclose the results of their clinical trials after completion. Disclosure of the results of these trials can be delayed in certain circumstances for up to two years after the date of
completion of the trial. Competitors may use this publicly available information to gain knowledge regarding the progress of development programs.
Expedited Development and Review Programs
The FDA has a Fast Track program that is intended to expedite or facilitate the process for reviewing new drugs and biological products that meet certain criteria. Specifically,
new drugs and biological products are eligible for Fast Track designation if they are intended to treat a serious or life-threatening condition and demonstrate the potential to
address unmet medical needs for the condition. Fast Track designation applies to the combination of the product and the specific indication for which it is being studied. The
sponsor of a new drug or biologic may request the FDA to designate the drug or biologic as a Fast Track product at any time during the clinical development of the product.
Unique to a Fast Track product, the FDA may consider for review sections of the marketing application on a rolling basis before the complete application is submitted, if the
sponsor provides a schedule for the submission of the sections of the application, the FDA agrees to accept sections of the application and determines that the schedule is
acceptable, and the sponsor pays any required user fees upon submission of the first section of the application.
Any product submitted to the FDA for marketing, including under a Fast Track program, may be eligible for other types of FDA programs intended to expedite development
and review, such as priority review and accelerated approval. Under the Breakthrough Therapy program, products intended to treat a serious or life-threatening disease or
condition may be eligible for the benefits of the Fast Track program when preliminary clinical evidence demonstrates that such product may have substantial improvement on
one or more clinically significant endpoints over existing therapies. Additionally, FDA will seek to ensure the sponsor of a breakthrough therapy product receives timely advice
and interactive communications to help the sponsor design and conduct a development program as efficiently as possible. Any product is eligible for priority review if it has the
potential to provide safe and effective therapy where no satisfactory alternative therapy exists or a significant improvement in the treatment, diagnosis or prevention of a disease
compared to marketed products. The FDA will attempt to direct additional resources to the evaluation of an application for a new drug or biological product designated for
priority review in an effort to facilitate the review. Additionally, a product may be eligible for accelerated approval. Drug or biological products studied for their safety and
effectiveness in treating serious or life-threatening illnesses and that provide meaningful therapeutic benefit over existing treatments may receive accelerated approval, which
means that they may be approved on the basis of adequate and well-controlled clinical studies establishing that the product has an effect on a surrogate endpoint that is
reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit, or on the basis of an effect on a clinical endpoint other than survival or irreversible morbidity. As a condition of approval, the
FDA may require that a sponsor of a drug or biological product receiving accelerated approval perform adequate and well-controlled post-marketing clinical studies. In
addition, the FDA currently requires as a condition for accelerated approval the pre-approval of promotional materials, which could adversely impact the timing of the
commercial launch of the product. Fast Track designation, Breakthrough Therapy designation, priority review and accelerated approval do not change the standards for
approval but may expedite the development or approval process.
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Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapies (RMAT) Designation
The FDA has established a Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy, or RMAT, designation as part of its implementation of the 21st Century Cures Act, or Cures Act. The
RMAT designation program is intended to fulfill the Cures Act requirement that the FDA facilitate an efficient development program for, and expedite review of, any drug that
meets the following criteria: (1) it qualifies as a RMAT, which is defined as a cell therapy, therapeutic tissue engineering product, human cell and tissue product, or any
combination product using such therapies or products, with limited exceptions; (2) it is intended to treat, modify, reverse, or cure a serious or life-threatening disease or
condition; and (3) preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the drug has the potential to address unmet medical needs for such a disease or condition. Like breakthrough
therapy designation, RMAT designation provides potential benefits that include more frequent meetings with FDA to discuss the development plan for the product candidate,
and eligibility for rolling review and priority review. Products granted RMAT designation may also be eligible for accelerated approval on the basis of a surrogate or
intermediate endpoint reasonably likely to predict long-term clinical benefit, or reliance upon data obtained from a meaningful number of sites, including through expansion to
additional sites. RMAT-designated products that receive accelerated approval may, as appropriate, fulfill their post-approval requirements through the submission of clinical
evidence, clinical studies, patient registries, or other sources of real world evidence (such as electronic health records); through the collection of larger confirmatory data sets;
or via post-approval monitoring of all patients treated with such therapy prior to approval of the therapy.
Post-Approval Requirements
Oftentimes, even after a drug has been approved by the FDA for sale, the FDA may require that certain post-approval requirements be satisfied, including the conduct of
additional clinical studies. If such post-approval requirements are not satisfied, the FDA may withdraw its approval of the drug. In addition, holders of an approved NDA or
BLA are required to report certain adverse reactions to the FDA, comply with certain requirements concerning advertising and promotional labeling for their products, and
continue to have quality control and manufacturing procedures conform to cGMPs after approval. The FDA periodically inspects the sponsor’s records related to safety
reporting and/or manufacturing facilities; this latter effort includes assessment of compliance with cGMPs. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money,
and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain cGMPs compliance.
Other Healthcare Fraud and Abuse Laws
In the U.S., our activities are potentially subject to regulation by various federal, state and local authorities in addition to the FDA, including but not limited to, the Centers for
Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (such as the Office of Inspector General and the Health
Resources and Service Administration), the U.S. Department of Justice, or the DOJ, and individual U.S. Attorney offices within the DOJ, and state and local governments. For
example, sales, marketing and scientific/educational grant programs may have to comply with the anti-fraud and abuse provisions of the Social Security Act, the false claims
laws, the privacy and security provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA, and similar state laws, each as amended, as applicable.
The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits, among other things, any person or entity from knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving any remuneration,
directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to induce or in return for purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for the purchase, lease or order of any item or
service reimbursable, in whole or in part, under Medicare, Medicaid or other federal healthcare programs. The term remuneration has been interpreted broadly to include
anything of value. The Anti-Kickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements between therapeutic product manufacturers on one hand and prescribers,
purchasers, and formulary managers on the other. There are a number of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution.
The exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly and practices that involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchasing or
recommending may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualify for an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory
exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make the conduct per se illegal under the Anti-Kickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a
case-by-case basis based on a cumulative review of all of its facts and circumstances. Additionally, the intent standard under the Anti-Kickback Statute was amended by the
ACA to a stricter standard such that a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a
violation. In addition, the ACA codified case law that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or
fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal False Claims Act, or FCA.
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The federal false claims and civil monetary penalty laws, including the FCA, which imposes significant penalties and can be enforced by private citizens through civil qui tam
actions, prohibit any person or entity from, among other things, knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment to, or approval by, the
federal healthcare programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, or knowingly making, using, or causing to be made or used a false record or statement material to a false or
fraudulent claim to the federal government. A claim includes “any request or demand” for money or property presented to the U.S. government. For instance, historically,
pharmaceutical and other healthcare companies have been prosecuted under these laws for allegedly providing free product to customers with the expectation that the customers
would bill federal programs for the product. Other companies have been prosecuted for causing false claims to be submitted because of the companies’ marketing of the product
for unapproved, off-label, and thus generally non-reimbursable, uses.
HIPAA created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among other things, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud or to
obtain, by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations or promises, any money or property owned by, or under the control or custody of, any healthcare benefit
program, including private third-party payors, willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense, and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or
covering up by trick, scheme or device, a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for
healthcare benefits, items or services. Like the Anti-Kickback Statute, the ACA amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a
person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.
Many states have similar, and typically more prohibitive, fraud and abuse statutes or regulations that apply to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state
programs, or, in several states, apply regardless of the payor. Additionally, to the extent that our product candidates may in the future be sold in a foreign country, we may be
subject to similar foreign laws.
We may be subject to data privacy and security regulations by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA, as amended by the Health
Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and its implementing regulations, imposes requirements relating to the privacy, security and
transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s privacy and security standards directly applicable to business
associates, independent contractors, or agents of covered entities that receive or obtain protected health information in connection with providing a service on behalf of a
covered entity. HITECH also created four new tiers of civil monetary penalties, amended HIPAA to make civil and criminal penalties directly applicable to business associates,
and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federal courts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorneys’ fees and costs associated
with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, many state laws govern the privacy and security of health information in specified circumstances, many of which differ from
each other in significant ways, are often not pre-empted by HIPAA, and may have a more prohibitive effect than HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts.
We expect our product, after approval, may be eligible for coverage under Medicare, the federal health care program that provides health care benefits to the aged and disabled,
and covers outpatient services and supplies, including certain pharmaceutical products, that are medically necessary to treat a beneficiary’s health condition. In addition, the
product may be covered and reimbursed under other government programs, such as Medicaid and the 340B Drug Pricing Program. The Medicaid Drug Rebate Program
requires pharmaceutical manufacturers to enter into and have in effect a national rebate agreement with the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services as a
condition for states to receive federal matching funds for the manufacturer’s outpatient drugs furnished to Medicaid patients. Under the 340B Drug Pricing Program, the
manufacturer must extend discounts to entities that participate in the program. As part of the requirements to participate in certain government programs, many pharmaceutical
manufacturers must calculate and report certain price reporting metrics to the government, such as average manufacturer price, or AMP, and best price. Penalties may apply in
some cases when such metrics are not submitted accurately and timely.
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Additionally, the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, or the Sunshine Act, within the ACA, and its implementing regulations, require that certain manufacturers of drugs,
devices, biological and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program (with certain exceptions) report
annually to CMS information related to certain payments or other transfers of value made or distributed to physicians and teaching hospitals, or to entities or individuals at the
request of, or designated on behalf of, the physicians and teaching hospitals and to report annually certain ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their
immediate family members. Failure to report accurately could result in penalties. In addition, many states also govern the reporting of payments or other transfers of value,
many of which differ from each other in significant ways, are often not pre-empted, and may have a more prohibitive effect than the Sunshine Act, thus further complicating
compliance efforts.
New Legislation and Regulations
From time to time, legislation is drafted, introduced and passed in Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the testing, approval,
manufacturing and marketing of products regulated by the FDA. In addition to new legislation, FDA regulations and policies are often revised or interpreted by the agency in
ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. It is impossible to predict whether further legislative changes will be enacted or whether FDA regulations,
guidance, policies or interpretations will be changed or what the effect of such changes, if any, may be.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following material risk factors as well as all other information set forth or referred to in this report before purchasing shares of our common
stock. Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. We may not be successful in preventing the material adverse effects that any of the following risks and
uncertainties may cause. These potential risks and uncertainties may not be a complete list of the risks and uncertainties facing us. There may be additional risks and
uncertainties that we are presently unaware of, or presently consider immaterial, that may become material in the future and have a material adverse effect on us. You could
lose all or a significant portion of your investment due to any of these risks and uncertainties.
Summary of Risk Factors
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that you should consider before investing in our company, as fully described below. The principal factors and
uncertainties that make investing in our company risky include, among others:
General Operating and Business Risks
● Our limited operating history makes it difficult for us to evaluate our future business prospects and make decisions based on those estimates of our future performance.
● Our results of operations have not resulted in profitability and we may not be able to achieve profitability going forward.
● There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, which will affect our ability to obtain future financing and may require us to curtail our
operations.
● Our cash will only fund our operations for a limited time and we will need to raise additional capital in order to support our development.
● Joint ventures, joint ownership arrangements and other projects pose unique challenges and we may not be able to fully implement or realize synergies, expected
returns or other anticipated benefits associated with such projects.
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● We must effectively manage the growth of our operations, or our company will suffer.
● Our prospects will suffer if we are not able to hire, train, motivate, manage, and retain a significant number of highly skilled employees.
● Potential liability claims may adversely affect our business.
● In accordance with our strategic development policy, we may invest in companies for strategic reasons and may not realize a return on our investments.
● Obtaining and maintaining patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by
governmental patent agencies, and any patent protection we may obtain in the future could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.
● It is difficult and costly to protect our proprietary rights, and we may not be able to ensure their protection. If we fail to protect or enforce our intellectual property
rights adequately or secure rights to patents of others, the value of our intellectual property rights would diminish.
● If any of our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information is disclosed, the value of our trade secrets, know-how and other proprietary rights would be
significantly impaired and our business and competitive position would suffer.
Risk Factors Related to our Laboratory Services Business
● Continued changes in healthcare reimbursement models and products, changes in government payment and reimbursement systems, or changes in payer mix could
have a material adverse effect on our revenues, profitability and cash flow.
● The Laboratory Services MSO Acquisition will result in organizational changes that could create significant growth for our business. If we fail to effectively manage
this growth and adapt our business structure in a manner that preserves our reputation, then our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
● The clinical testing business is highly competitive, and if we fail to provide an appropriately priced level of service or otherwise fail to compete effectively it could
have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability.
● Failure to obtain and retain new customers, the loss of existing customers or material contracts, or a reduction in services or tests ordered or specimens submitted by
existing customers, or the inability to retain existing and/or create new relationships with health systems could impact our ability to successfully grow our business.
● Discontinuation or recalls of existing testing products; failure to develop or acquire licenses for new or improved testing technologies; or our customers using new
technologies to perform their own tests could adversely affect our business.
● Continued and increased consolidation of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies, health systems, physicians and other customers could
adversely affect our business.
Risk Factors Related to Clinical and Commercialization Activity
● We may not be able to file investigational new drug applications (INDs) to commence additional clinical trials on the timelines we expect, and even if we are able to
do so, the FDA may not permit us to proceed.
● We have limited experience in conducting clinical trials.
● Delays in the commencement, enrollment, and completion of clinical testing could result in increased costs to us and delay or limit our ability to obtain regulatory
approval for our product candidates.
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● As the results of earlier pre-clinical studies or clinical trials are not necessarily predictive of future results, any product candidate we advance into clinical trials may
not have favorable results in later clinical trials or receive regulatory approval.
● Even if our product candidates receive regulatory approval, we may still face future development and regulatory difficulties.
● Any cell based therapies we develop may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, third party coverage and reimbursement practices or healthcare reform
initiatives, thereby harming our business.
Risks Related to Our Securities
● Our officers, directors and principal stockholders own a significant percentage of our capital stock and will be able to exert significant control over matters that are
subject to stockholder approval.
● If we are unable to maintain listing of our securities on The Nasdaq Capital Market or another reputable stock exchange, it may be more difficult for our stockholders
to sell their securities.
● The price of our common stock may be volatile and fluctuate substantially, which could result in substantial losses for our stockholders.
● You may experience dilution of your ownership interests because of the future issuance of additional shares of our common or preferred stock or other securities that
are convertible into or exercisable for our common or preferred stock.
General Operating and Business Risks
Our limited operating history makes it difficult for us to evaluate our future business prospects and make decisions based on those estimates of our future
performance.
We did not begin operations of our business through AHS until May 2015. We have a limited operating history and limited revenue. As a consequence, it is difficult, if not
impossible, to forecast our future results based upon our historical data. Reliance on the historical results may not be representative of the results we will achieve, particularly in
our combined form. Because of the uncertainties related to our lack of historical operations, we may be hindered in our ability to anticipate and timely adapt to increases or
decreases in revenues or expenses. If we make poor budgetary decisions as a result of unreliable historical data, we could be less profitable or incur losses, which may result in
a decline in our stock price.
Our results of operations have not resulted in profitability and we may not be able to achieve profitability going forward.
We incurred net losses amounting to approximately $16.7 million and $11.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023,
we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $79.8 million. If we incur additional significant losses, our stock price may decline, perhaps significantly. Our management is
developing plans to achieve profitability. Our business plan is speculative and unproven. There is no assurance that we will be successful in executing our business plan or that
even if we successfully implement our business plan, that we will be able to curtail our losses now or in the future. Further, as we are a new enterprise, we expect that net losses
will continue.
There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, which will affect our ability to obtain future financing and may require us to curtail our
operations.
Our financial statements as of December 31, 2023 were prepared under the assumption that we will continue as a going concern. The independent registered public accounting
firm that audited our 2023 financial statements, in their report, included an explanatory paragraph referring to our recurring losses since inception and expressing management’s
assessment and conclusion that there is substantial doubt in our ability to continue as a going concern. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result
from the outcome of this uncertainty. Our ability to continue as a going concern depends on our ability to obtain additional equity or debt financing, attain further operating
efficiencies, reduce expenditures, and, ultimately, to generate revenue. We cannot assure you, however, that we will be able to achieve any of the foregoing. See Note 2 to our
Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
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Our cash will only fund our operations for a limited time and we will need to raise additional capital in order to support our development.
We are currently operating at a loss and expect our operating costs will increase significantly as we continue to grow our operations. The independent registered public
accounting firm that audited our 2023 financial statements, in their report, included an explanatory paragraph referring to our recurring losses since inception and expressing
management’s assessment and conclusion that there is substantial doubt in our ability to continue as a going concern. At December 31, 2023, we had cash of approximately
$285,000. We will need to raise additional capital or generate substantial revenue in order to support our development and commercialization efforts.
If our available cash balances are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, including due to risks described herein, we may seek to raise additional capital through
equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations or licensing arrangements. We will need to raise additional capital, and we may also consider raising additional capital in the
future to expand our business, to pursue strategic investments, to take advantage of financing opportunities, or for other reasons, including to:
● fund development and expansion of our operations;
● acquire, license or invest in technologies and additional laboratories;
● acquire or invest in complementary businesses or assets; and
● finance capital expenditures and general and administrative expenses.
Our present and future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:
● our revenue growth rate and ability to generate cash flows from operating activities;
● our sales and marketing and research and development activities; and
● changes in regulatory oversight applicable to our products and services.
Other than our debt facility with our chairman, we have no arrangements or credit facilities in place as a source of funds, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to
raise sufficient additional capital on acceptable terms, or at all, and if we are not successful in raising additional capital, we may not be able to continue as a going concern. We
may seek additional capital through a combination of private and public equity offerings, debt financings and strategic collaborations. Debt financing, if obtained, may involve
agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, that could increase our expenses and require that
our assets secure such debt. Equity financing, if obtained, could result in dilution to our then existing stockholders and/or require such stockholders to waive certain rights and
preferences. If such financing is not available on satisfactory terms, or is not available at all, we may be required to delay, scale back or eliminate the development of business
opportunities and our operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. We can provide no assurances that any additional sources of financing will be
available to us on favorable terms, if at all. Future capital raises may dilute our existing stockholders’ ownership and/or have other adverse effects on our operations.
If we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our existing stockholders’ percentage ownership will be reduced and these stockholders may experience
substantial dilution.
If we raise additional funds by issuing debt securities, these debt securities would have rights senior to those of our common stock and the terms of the debt securities issued
could impose significant restrictions on our operations, including liens on our assets. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we may be
required to relinquish some rights to our technologies or products, or to grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.
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We have significant outstanding debt obligations and servicing these debt obligations will require a significant amount of capital, and our business may not be able to pay our
substantial debt.
As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $9.1 million of outstanding indebtedness. In order to service this indebtedness and any additional indebtedness we may incur
in the future, we will need to generate cash from our operating activities. Our ability to generate cash is subject, in part, to our ability to successfully execute our business
strategy, as well as general economic, financial, competitive, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash to repay our debt
obligations when they become due and payable, either when they mature, or in the event of a default, we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on
favorable terms, if at all, which may negatively impact our business operations and financial condition.
If we breach any of the undertakings or default on any of our obligations under our agreements with our lenders, our outstanding indebtedness could become immediately due
and payable, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations and could require us to reduce or cease operations. If our indebtedness were to be
accelerated, there can be no assurance that our assets would be sufficient to repay in full that indebtedness.
Our business and operations may be further impacted by epidemics, outbreaks and other public health events.
Epidemics, outbreaks or other public health events that are outside of our control could significantly disrupt our operations and adversely affect our financial condition. The
global or national outbreak of an illness or other communicable disease, or any other public health crisis, such as COVID-19, may cause disruptions to our business and
operations, which may include (i) shortages of employees, (ii) unavailability of contractors or subcontractors, (iii) interruption of supplies from third parties upon which we
rely, (iv) recommendations of, or restrictions imposed by government and health authorities, including quarantines, to address an outbreak and (v) restrictions that we and our
contractors, subcontractors and our customers impose, including facility shutdowns, to ensure the safety of employees.
We depend upon key personnel and need additional personnel.
Our success depends on the continuing services of Wenzhao Lu, our Chairman of the Board, and David Jin, Meng Li and Luisa Ingargiola, our executive officers. The loss of
Mr. Lu, Dr. Jin, Ms. Li or Ms. Ingargiola could have a material and adverse effect on our business operations. Additionally, the success of our operations will largely depend
upon our ability to successfully attract and maintain competent and qualified key management personnel. As with any company with limited resources, there can be no guaranty
that we will be able to attract such individuals or that the presence of such individuals will necessarily translate into profitability for us. Our inability to attract and retain key
personnel may materially and adversely affect our business operations. The supply of qualified technical, professional, managerial and other personnel, including lab medical
directors and lab operations managers, is currently constrained; competition for qualified employees, even across different industries, is intense, including as individuals leave
the job market. We may lose, or fail to attract and retain, key management personnel, or qualified skilled technical, professional or other employees. The same is true for
patient-facing staff with specialized training required to perform activities related to specimen collection. In the future, if competition for the services of these professionals
increases, we may not be able to continue to attract and retain individuals in its markets. Changes in key management, or the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, as a
result of increased competition for talent, wage growth, or other market factors, could lead to strategic and operational challenges and uncertainties, distractions of management
from other key initiatives, and inefficiencies and increased costs, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
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Joint ventures, joint ownership arrangements and other projects pose unique challenges and we may not be able to fully implement or realize synergies, expected
returns or other anticipated benefits associated with such projects.
We are, and may be in the future, involved in strategic joint ventures and other joint ownership arrangements. We may not always be in complete alignment with
our joint venture or joint owner counterparties; we may have differing strategic or commercial objectives and may be outvoted by our joint venture partners or we may disagree
on governance matters with respect to the joint venture entity or the jointly owned assets. As a result, when we enter into joint ventures or joint ownership arrangements, we
may be subject to a number of risks. In some joint ventures and joint ownership arrangements we may not be responsible for the operation of projects and will rely on
our joint venture or joint owner counterparties for such services. Joint ventures and joint ownership arrangements may also require us to expend additional internal resources
that could otherwise be directed to other projects. If we are unable to successfully execute and manage our existing and any proposed joint venture and joint owner
arrangements, it could adversely impact our financial and operating results.
We may be undertaking, or participating with various counterparties in, a number of projects that involve forming joint ventures and acquiring laboratories that are accretive to
our commercial strategy. Many of these projects could involve numerous regulatory, environmental, commercial, economic, political and legal uncertainties that are beyond our
control, including the following:
● We may be unable to realize our forecasted commercial, operational or administrative synergies in connection with our joint venture and joint ownership arrangements,
including the Laboratory Services MSO Acquisition; and
● Joint ventures and other joint ownership arrangements may demand substantial internal resources and may divert resources and attention from other areas of our
business.
As a result of these uncertainties, the anticipated benefits associated with our joint ventures and joint ownership arrangements may not be achieved or could be delayed. In turn,
this could negatively impact our cash flow and our ability to make or increase cash distributions to our partners.
We must effectively manage the growth of our operations, or our company will suffer.
To manage our growth, we believe we must continue to implement and improve our services and products. We may not have adequately evaluated the costs and risks associated
with our planned expansion, and our systems, procedures, and controls may not be adequate to support our operations. In addition, our management may not be able to achieve
the rapid execution necessary to successfully offer our products and services and implement our business plan on a profitable basis. The success of our future operating
activities will also depend upon our ability to expand our support system to meet the demands of our growing business. Any failure by our management to effectively
anticipate, implement, and manage changes required to sustain our growth would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
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Our revenue and results of operations may suffer if we are unable to attract new tenants.
We presently derive our revenue from rental revenue from our income-producing real estate property in New Jersey. Our growth therefore depends on our ability to attract new
tenants. This depends on our ability to understand and anticipate market and pricing trends and our tenants’ needs. Our failure to attract new tenants could materially and
adversely affect our operating results.
Our prospects will suffer if we are not able to hire, train, motivate, manage, and retain a significant number of highly skilled employees.
We only recently commenced business and we presently generate medical related consulting services from related parties and generate rental revenue from our income-
producing real estate property in New Jersey. On the consulting side, Wenzhao Lu, our Chairman and significant shareholder, is the Chairman of each of the clients in which we
have provided consulting services. Our future success depends upon our ability to hire, train, motivate, manage, and retain a significant number of highly skilled employees,
particularly research analysts, technical experts, and sales and marketing staff. We will experience competition for professional personnel in each of our business lines. Hiring,
training, motivating, managing, and retaining employees with the skills we need is time consuming and expensive. Any failure by us to address our staffing needs in an
effective manner could hinder our ability to continue to provide high-quality products and services and to grow our business.
Potential liability claims may adversely affect our business.
Our services, which may include recommendations and advice to organizations regarding complex business and operational processes and regulatory and compliance issues
may give rise to liability claims by our clients or by third parties who bring claims against our clients. Healthcare organizations often are the subject of regulatory scrutiny and
litigation, and we also may become the subject of such litigation based on our advice and services. Any such litigation, whether or not resulting in a judgment against us, may
adversely affect our reputation and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We may not have adequate insurance coverage for
claims against us.
In accordance with our strategic development policy, we may invest in companies for strategic reasons and may not realize a return on our investments.
From time to time, we may make investments in companies. These investments may be for strategic objectives to support our key business initiatives but may also be
standalone investments or acquisitions. Such investments or acquisitions could include equity or debt instruments in private companies, many of which may not be marketable
at the time of our initial investment. These companies may range from early-stage companies that are often still defining their strategic direction to more mature companies with
established revenue streams and business models. The success of these companies may depend on product development, market acceptance, operational efficiency, and other
key business factors. The companies in which we invest may fail because they may not be able to secure additional funding, obtain favorable investment terms for future
financings, or take advantage of liquidity events such as public offerings, mergers, and private sales. If any of these private companies fails, we could lose all or part of our
investment in that company. If we determine that impairment indicators exist and that there are other-than-temporary declines in the fair value of the investments, we may be
required to write down the investments to their fair value and recognize the related write-down as an investment loss. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had an
impairment of goodwill acquired from Lab Services MSO acquisition of approximately $9.2 million. In the future, we could have additional impairment charges related to
investments that we may make.
We face intense competition which could cause us to lose market share.
In the healthcare markets in which we operate, we will compete with large healthcare providers who have more significant financial resources, established market positions,
long-standing relationships, and who have more significant name recognition, technical, marketing, sales, distribution, financial and other resources than we do. The resources
available to our competitors to develop new services and products and introduce them into the marketplace exceed the resources currently available to us. This intense
competitive environment may require us to make changes in our services, products, pricing, licensing, distribution, or marketing to develop a market position.
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If we fail to comply with our obligations in the agreements under which we license intellectual property rights from third parties or otherwise experience disruptions
to our business relationships with our licensors, we could lose intellectual property rights that are important to our business.
We are party to a research agreement with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (“MIT”) for development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology. MIT has
granted us options to non-exclusively or exclusively license MIT inventions arising under this research agreement. We may need to negotiate commercially reasonable terms
and conditions with MIT to advance our research and development activities or allow the commercialization of CAR technology or any other product candidates we may
identify and pursue.
Moreover, disputes may arise regarding intellectual property subject to a licensing agreement, including:
● the scope of rights granted under the license agreement and other interpretation-related issues;
● the extent to which our product candidates, technology and processes infringe on intellectual property of the licensor that is not subject to the licensing agreement;
● the sublicensing of patent and other rights under our collaborative development relationships;
● our diligence obligations under the license agreement and what activities satisfy those diligence obligations;
● the inventorship and ownership of inventions and know-how resulting from the joint creation or use of intellectual property by our licensors and us and our partners;
and
● the priority of invention of patented technology.
In addition, the agreements under which we currently license intellectual property or technology from third parties are complex, and certain provisions in such agreements may
be susceptible to multiple interpretations. The resolution of any contract interpretation disagreement that may arise could narrow what we believe to be the scope of our rights
to the relevant intellectual property or technology, or increase what we believe to be our financial or other obligations under the relevant agreement, either of which could have
a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Moreover, if disputes over intellectual property that we have licensed prevent
or impair our ability to maintain our current licensing arrangements on commercially acceptable terms, we may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize the
affected product candidates, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations, and prospects.
We may face uncertainty and difficulty in obtaining and enforcing our patents and other proprietary rights.
There can be no assurance that any patent applications we file or license will be approved, or that challenges will not be instituted against the validity or enforceability of any
patent licensed-in or owned by us. Our pending and future patent applications may not result in patents being issued that protect our product candidates, in whole or in part, or
which effectively prevent others from commercializing competitive product candidates. Even if our patent applications issue as patents, they may not issue in a form that will
provide us with any meaningful protection, prevent competitors from competing with us or otherwise provide us with any competitive advantage. Our competitors may be able
to circumvent our patents by developing similar or alternative product candidates in a non-infringing manner. The cost of litigation to uphold the validity and prevent
infringement of a patent is substantial. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent technologies not covered by
patents to which we have rights or obtain access to our know-how. In addition, the laws of certain countries may not adequately protect our intellectual property. Our
competitors may possess or obtain patents on products or processes that are necessary or useful to the development, use, or manufacture of our product candidates. There can
also be no assurance that our proposed technology will not infringe upon patents or proprietary rights owned by others, with the result that others may bring infringement
claims against us and require us to license such proprietary rights, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Any such litigation, if instituted,
could have a material adverse effect, potentially including monetary penalties, diversion of management resources, and injunction against continued manufacture, use, or sale of
certain products or processes.
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We rely upon non-patented proprietary know-how. There can be no assurance that we can adequately protect our rights in such non-patented proprietary know-how, or that
others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information or techniques or gain access to our proprietary know-how. Any of the foregoing events
could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, if any of our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information were to be disclosed, or misappropriated, the
value of our trade secrets, know-how and other proprietary rights would be significantly impaired and our business and competitive position would suffer.
In September 2011, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the Leahy-Smith Act, was signed into law. The Leahy-Smith Act includes a number of significant changes to U.S.
patent law. These include provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. In particular, under the Leahy-Smith Act, the
United States transitioned in March 2013 to a “first to file” system in which the first inventor to file a patent application will be entitled to the patent. Third parties are allowed
to submit prior art before the issuance of a patent by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, and may become involved in opposition, derivation, post-grant and inter
partes review, or interference proceedings challenging our patent rights. An adverse determination in any such submission, proceeding or litigation could reduce the scope of, or
invalidate, our patent rights, which could adversely affect our competitive position.
The USPTO has developed new and untested regulations and procedures to govern the full implementation of the Leahy-Smith Act, and many of the substantive changes to
patent law associated with the Leahy-Smith Act, and in particular, the “first-to-file” provisions, only became effective in March 2013. The Leahy-Smith Act has also introduced
procedures that may make it easier for third parties to challenge issued patents, as well as to intervene in the prosecution of patent applications. Finally, the Leahy-Smith Act
contains new statutory provisions that still require the USPTO to issue new regulations for their implementation, and it may take the courts years to interpret the provisions of
the new statute. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any, impact the Leahy-Smith Act will have on the operation of our business. The Leahy-Smith Act and its implementation
could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents.
We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.
Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on our product candidates in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and our intellectual property rights
in some countries outside the United States may be less extensive than those in the United States. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual
property rights to the same extent as federal and state laws in the United States. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions in all
countries outside the United States, or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in and into the United States or other jurisdictions. Competitors may use
our technologies in jurisdictions where we do not obtain patent protection to develop their own products and may also export infringing products to territories where we have
patent protection, but enforcement is not as strong as that in the United States. These products may compete with our products and our patents or other intellectual property
rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing.
Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries,
particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents, trade secrets, and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to
biotechnology products, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights
generally. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions, whether or not successful, could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from
other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third
parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful.
Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual
property that we develop or license.
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Patent terms may be inadequate to protect our competitive position on our product candidates for an adequate amount of time.
Patents have a limited lifespan. In the United States, if all maintenance fees are timely paid, the natural expiration of a patent is generally 20 years from its earliest U.S. non-
provisional filing date. Various extensions may be available, but the life of a patent, and the protection it affords, is limited. Even if patents covering our product candidates are
obtained, once the patent life has expired, we may be open to competition from competitive products, including generics or biosimilars. Given the amount of time required for
the development, testing and regulatory review of new product candidates, patents protecting such candidates might expire before or shortly after such candidates are
commercialized. As a result, any patents we may obtain may not provide us with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing products similar or identical to ours.
Obtaining and maintaining patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed
by governmental patent agencies, and any patent protection we may obtain in the future could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.
Periodic maintenance fees, renewal fees, annuity fees and various other governmental fees on patents and/or applications will be due to be paid to the USPTO and various
governmental patent agencies outside of the United States in several stages over the lifetime of the patents and/or applications. The USPTO and various non-U.S. governmental
patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. There are
situations in which non-compliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant
jurisdiction. In such an event, our competitors might be able to enter the market and this circumstance would have a material adverse effect on our business.
It is difficult and costly to protect our proprietary rights, and we may not be able to ensure their protection. If we fail to protect or enforce our intellectual property
rights adequately or secure rights to patents of others, the value of our intellectual property rights would diminish.
Our commercial viability will depend in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our product candidates, and the methods used to
manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against third-party challenges. Our ability to stop third parties from making, using, selling, offering to sell, or
importing our products is dependent upon the extent to which we obtain rights under valid and enforceable patents or trade secrets that cover these activities.
The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal
principles remain unresolved. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in biopharmaceutical patents has emerged to date in the United States. The
biopharmaceutical patent situation outside the United States is even more uncertain. Changes in either the patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States
and other countries may diminish the value of our intellectual property. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced in the patents we
own. Further, if any of our patents are deemed invalid and unenforceable, it could impact our ability to commercialize or license our technology.
The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain because legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us
to gain or keep our competitive advantage. For example:
● others may be able to make products that are similar to our product candidates but that are not covered by the claims of any patents;
● we might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by any issued patents or patent applications;
● we might not have been the first to file patent applications for these inventions;
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● it is possible that any patent applications we own or license will not result in issued patents;
● any issued patents may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be held invalid or unenforceable as a result of legal challenges by third parties;
● we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable or protectable under trade secrets law; or
● the patents of others may have an adverse effect on our business.
We also may rely on trade secrets to protect our technology, especially where we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are
difficult to protect. Although we use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, our employees, consultants, contractors, outside scientific collaborators, and other advisors
may unintentionally or willfully disclose our information to competitors. In addition, courts outside the United States are sometimes less willing to protect trade secrets.
Moreover, our competitors may independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods, and know-how.
We may be subject to claims challenging the inventorship of patents and other intellectual property.
We or our licensors may be subject to claims that former employees, collaborators or other third parties have an interest as an inventor or co-inventor in intellectual property we
own or license. For example, we or our licensors may have inventorship disputes arise from conflicting obligations of employees, consultants or others who are involved in
developing our product candidates. We may be subject to claims by third parties asserting that our licensors, employees or we have misappropriated their intellectual property,
or claiming ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual property. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims challenging inventorship or our
or our licensors’ ownership of our owned or in-licensed patents, trade secrets or other intellectual property. If we or our licensors fail in defending any such claims, in addition
to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or right to use, intellectual property that is important to our
product candidates. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other
employees. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
If any of our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information is disclosed, the value of our trade secrets, know-how and other proprietary rights would be
significantly impaired and our business and competitive position would suffer.
Our viability also depends upon the skills, knowledge and experience of our scientific and technical personnel, and our consultants and advisors. To help protect our proprietary
know-how and our inventions for which patents may be unobtainable or difficult to obtain, we rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements. To this end, we
require all of our employees, consultants, advisors and contractors to enter into agreements which prohibit unauthorized disclosure and use of confidential information and,
where applicable, require disclosure and assignment to us of the ideas, developments, discoveries and inventions important to our business. These agreements are often limited
in duration and may not provide adequate protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure or the
lawful development by others of such information. There is no assurance that such agreements will be honored by such parties or enforced in whole or part by the courts. We
cannot be certain that others will not gain access to these trade secrets or that our patents will provide adequate protection. Others may independently develop substantially
equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets. In addition, enforcing a claim that a third party illegally obtained and is using
any of our trade secrets is expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. If any of our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information is
improperly disclosed, the value of our trade secrets, know-how and other proprietary rights would be significantly impaired and our business and competitive position would
suffer.
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We may incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property rights and we may be unable to protect
our rights to, or use of, our technology.
If we choose to go to court to stop a third party from using the inventions claimed in our patents, that individual or company has the right to ask the court to rule that such
patents are invalid and/or should not be enforced against that third party. These lawsuits are expensive and would consume time and other resources, even if we were successful
in discontinuing the infringement of our patents. In addition, there is a risk that the court will decide that these patents are not valid and that we do not have the right to stop the
other party from using the inventions. There is also the risk that, even if the validity of these patents is upheld, the court will refuse to stop the other party on the ground that
such other party’s activities do not infringe our rights to these patents. In addition, the U.S. Supreme Court has in the past invalidated tests used by the USPTO in granting
patents over the past 20 years. As a consequence, issued patents may be found to contain invalid claims according to the newly revised standards. Some of our own patents may
be subject to challenge and subsequent invalidation in a variety of post-grant proceedings, particularly inter partes review, before the USPTO or during litigation under the
revised criteria, which make it more difficult to defend the validity of claims in already issued patents.
Furthermore, a third party may claim that we or our manufacturing or commercialization partners are using inventions covered by the third party’s patent rights and may go to
court to stop us from engaging in our normal operations and activities, including making or selling our product candidates. These lawsuits are costly and could affect our results
of operations and divert the attention of managerial and technical personnel. There is a risk that a court could decide that we or our commercialization partners are infringing
the third party’s patents and order us or our partners to stop the activities covered by the patents. In addition, there is a risk that a court could order us or our partners to pay the
other party damages for having violated the other party’s patents. The biotechnology industry has produced a proliferation of patents, and it is not always clear to industry
participants, including us, which patents cover various types of products, manufacturing processes or methods of use. The coverage of patents is subject to interpretation by the
courts, and the interpretation is not always uniform. If we are sued for patent infringement, we would need to demonstrate that our products, manufacturing processes or
methods of use either do not infringe the patent claims of the relevant patent and/or that the patent claims are invalid, and we may not be able to do this. Proving invalidity, in
particular, is difficult since it requires a showing of clear and convincing evidence to overcome the presumption of validity enjoyed by issued patents.
As some patent applications in the United States may be maintained in secrecy until the patents are issued, because patent applications in the United States and many foreign
jurisdictions are typically not published until eighteen months after filing, and because publications in the scientific literature often lag behind actual discoveries, we cannot be
certain that others have not filed patent applications for technology covered by our issued patents or our pending applications, or that we were the first to invent the technology.
Our competitors may have filed, and may in the future file, patent applications covering technology similar to ours. Any such patent applications may have priority over our
patent applications or patents, which could further require us to obtain rights to issued patents covering such technologies. If another party has filed a United States patent
application on inventions similar to ours, we may have to participate in an interference proceeding declared by the USPTO to determine priority of invention in the United
States. The costs of these proceedings could be substantial, and it is possible that such efforts would be unsuccessful if, unbeknownst to us, the other party had independently
arrived at the same or similar invention prior to our own invention, resulting in a loss of our U.S. patent position with respect to such inventions.
Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. In
addition, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation or inter partes review proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability
to raise the funds necessary to continue our operations.
Some jurisdictions in which we operate have enacted legislation which allows members of the public to access information under statutes similar to the U.S. Freedom of
Information Act. Even though we believe our information would be excluded from the scope of such statutes, there are no assurances that we can protect our confidential
information from being disclosed under the provisions of such laws. If any confidential or proprietary information is released to the public, such disclosures may negatively
impact our ability to protect our intellectual property rights.
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Breaches or compromises of our information security systems or our information technology systems or infrastructure could result in exposure of private
information, disruption of our business and damage to our reputation, which could harm our business, results of operation and financial condition.
We utilize information security and information technology systems and websites that allow for the secure storage and transmission of proprietary or private information
regarding our clients, patients, employees, vendors and others, including individually identifiable health information. A security breach of our network, hosted service
providers, or vendor systems, may expose us to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, litigation and potential liability. Hackers and data thieves are increasingly
sophisticated and operate large-scale and complex automated attacks, including on companies within the healthcare industry. Although we believe that we take appropriate
measures to safeguard sensitive information within our possession, we may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent rapidly-evolving types of
cyber-attacks targeted at us, our clients, our patients, or others who have entrusted us with information. Actual or anticipated attacks may cause us to incur costs, including costs
to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees, and engage third-party experts and consultants. We invest in industry standard security technology
to protect personal information. Advances in computer capabilities, new technological discoveries, or other developments may result in the technology used by us to protect
personal information or other data being breached or compromised. To our knowledge, we have not experienced any material breach of our cybersecurity systems. If our or our
third-party service provider systems fail to operate effectively or are damaged, destroyed, or shut down, or there are problems with transitioning to upgraded or replacement
systems, or there are security breaches in these systems, any of the aforementioned could occur as a result of natural disasters, software or equipment failures,
telecommunications failures, loss or theft of equipment, acts of terrorism, circumvention of security systems, or other cyber-attacks, we could experience delays or decreases in
revenue, and reduced efficiency of our operations. Additionally, any of these events could lead to violations of privacy laws, loss of customers, or loss, misappropriation or
corruption of confidential information, trade secrets or data, which could expose us to potential litigation, regulatory actions, sanctions or other statutory penalties, any or all of
which could adversely affect our business, and cause us to incur significant losses and remediation costs.
We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and any determination that we violated the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or Chinese anti-
corruption law could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials
and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We have operations and agreements with third
parties where corruption may occur. It is our policy to implement safeguards to prevent these practices by our employees. However, our existing safeguards and any future
improvements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants, sales agents or distributors of our company may engage in conduct for which we might be
held responsible.
Violations of the FCPA or other anti-corruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could negatively affect
our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the United States government may seek to hold our company liable for successor liability FCPA violations
committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire.
Risk Factors Related to our Lab Services MSO Business
Continued changes in healthcare reimbursement models and products (e.g., health insurance exchanges), changes in government payment and reimbursement
systems, or changes in payer mix, including an increase in third-party benefits management and value-based payment models, could have a material adverse effect on
our revenues, profitability and cash flow.
Diagnostic testing services are billed to managed care organizations (MCOs), Medicare, Medicaid, physicians and physician groups, hospitals, patients and employer groups.
Most testing services are billed to a party other than the physician or other authorized person who ordered the test. Increases in the percentage of services billed to government
and MCOs could have an adverse effect on our revenues. Although we currently do not provide any “in network” laboratory services, our plan is to begin providing such
services in the near future.
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These organizations have different contracting philosophies, which are influenced by the design of their products. Some MCOs contract with a limited number of clinical
laboratories and engage in direct negotiation of rates. Other MCOs adopt broader networks with generally uniform fee structures for participating clinical laboratories. In some
cases, those fee structures are specific to independent clinical laboratories, while the fees paid to hospital-based and physician-office laboratories may be different, and are
typically higher. MCOs may also offer Managed Medicare or Managed Medicaid plans. In addition, an increasing number of MCOs are implementing, directly or through third
parties, various types of laboratory benefit management programs that may include laboratory networks, utilization management tools (such as prior authorization and/or prior
notification), and claims edits, which may impact coverage or reimbursement for commercial laboratory tests. Some of these programs address commercial laboratory testing
broadly, while others are focused on certain types of testing such as molecular, genetic and toxicology testing. An increase in the use of such programs could lead to increased
denial of claims, extended appeals, and reduced revenue.
Our ability to attract and retain MCOs is critical given the impact of healthcare reform, related products and expanded coverage (e.g. health insurance exchanges and Medicaid
expansion) and evolving value-based care and risk-based reimbursement delivery models (e.g., accountable care organizations (ACOs) and Independent Physician Associations
(IPAs)).
A portion of the managed care fee-for-service revenues is collectible from patients in the form of deductibles, coinsurance and copayments. As patient cost-sharing has been
increasing, our collections may be adversely impacted.
In addition, Medicare and Medicaid and private insurers have increased their efforts to control the cost, utilization and delivery of healthcare services, including commercial
laboratory services. Measures to regulate healthcare delivery in general, and clinical laboratories in particular, have resulted in reduced prices, added costs and decreased test
utilization for the commercial laboratory industry by increasing complexity and adding new regulatory and administrative requirements. Pursuant to legislation passed in late
2003, the percentage of Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in Managed Medicare plans has increased. The percentage of Medicaid beneficiaries enrolled in Managed Medicaid
plans has also increased; however, changes to, or repeal of, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) may continue to affect coverage, reimbursement, and
utilization of laboratory services, as well as administrative requirements, in ways that are currently unpredictable. Further healthcare reform could adversely affect laboratory
reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid or commercial carriers.
We expect the efforts to impose reduced reimbursement, more stringent payment policies, and utilization and cost controls by government and other payers to continue. If our
laboratory services business cannot offset additional reductions in the payments it receives for its services by reducing costs, increasing test volume, and/or introducing new
services and procedures, it could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, profitability and cash flows. In 2014, Congress passed the Protecting Access to Medicare Act
(PAMA), requiring Medicare to change the way payment rates are calculated for tests paid under the Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule (CLFS), and to base the payment on the
weighted median of rates paid by private payers. On June 23, 2016, CMS issued a final rule to implement PAMA that required applicable laboratories, including our laboratory
services business, to begin reporting their test-specific private payer payment amounts to CMS during the first quarter of 2017. CMS exercised enforcement discretion to permit
reporting for an additional 60 days, through May 30, 2017. CMS used that private market data to calculate weighted median prices for each test (based on applicable current
procedural technology (CPT) codes) to represent the new CLFS rates beginning in 2018, subject to certain phase-in limits. For 2018-2020, a test price could not be reduced by
more than 10% per year. As a result of provisions included within the CARES Act, PAMA rate reductions for 2021 were suspended. As a result of the Protecting Medicare and
American Farmers from Sequester Cuts Act that became law in December 2021, the data reporting requirements and Medicare reimbursement cuts that would have occurred
under PAMA in 2022 were delayed by one additional year. As a result of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, which became law in December 2022, the data reporting
requirements and Medicare reimbursement cuts that would have occurred under PAMA in 2023 were delayed by one additional year.
For 2024-2026, a test price cannot be reduced by more than 15.0% per year. The process of data reporting and repricing will be repeated every three years for Clinical
Diagnostic Laboratory Tests (CDLTs) beginning in 2024. CFLS rates for 2027 and subsequent periods will not be subject to phase-in limits. The phase-in of rates for CDLTs
established in 2018 will resume in 2024. New CLFS rates will be established in 2025 based on data from 2019 to be reported in 2024. New CLFS rates will be established in
2028 based on data from 2026 to be reported in 2027 CLFS rates for Advanced Diagnostic Laboratory Tests (ADLTs) will be updated annually.
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CMS published its initial proposed CLFS rates under PAMA for 2018-2020 on September 22, 2017. Following a public comment period, CMS made adjustments and published
final CLFS rates for 2018-2020 on November 17, 2017, with additional adjustments published on December 1, 2017. 2021, 2022 and 2023 PAMA rates were frozen as
described above.
Healthcare reform legislation also contains numerous regulations that will require us, as an employer, to implement significant process and record-keeping changes to be in
compliance. These changes increase the cost of providing healthcare coverage to employees and their families. Given the limited release of regulations to guide compliance, as
well as potential changes to the ACA, the exact impact to employers, including us, is uncertain.
Government payers, such as Medicare and Medicaid, have taken steps to reduce the utilization and reimbursement of healthcare services, including clinical testing
services.
Although we currently do not provide any laboratory services that are billed through Medicare or Medicaid, we plan to do so in the near future. At that time, we will face efforts
by government payers to reduce utilization of and reimbursement for diagnostic information services. One example of this is increased use of prior authorization requirements.
We expect efforts to reduce reimbursements, to impose more stringent cost controls and to reduce utilization of clinical test services will continue.
Pursuant to PAMA, reimbursement rates for many clinical laboratory tests provided under Medicare were reduced from 2018 - 2020. PAMA calls for further revision of the
Medicare CLFS for years after 2020, based on future surveys of market rates; reimbursement rate reduction from 2024-26 is capped by PAMA at 15% annually. PAMA’s next
data collection and reporting period have been delayed, most recently by federal legislation adopted in December 2022, which further delayed the reimbursement rate
reductions and reporting requirements until January 1, 2024.
In addition, CMS has adopted policies limiting or excluding coverage for clinical tests that we perform. We also expect in the future to provide physician services that are
reimbursed by Medicare under a physician fee schedule, which is subject to adjustment on an annual basis. Medicaid reimbursement varies by state and is subject to
administrative and billing requirements and budget pressures.
In addition, over the last several years, the federal government has expanded its contracts with private health insurance plans for Medicare beneficiaries, called “Medicare
Advantage” programs, and has encouraged such beneficiaries to switch from the traditional programs to the private programs. There has been growth of health insurance plans
offering Medicare Advantage programs, and of beneficiary enrollment in these programs. States have mandated that Medicaid beneficiaries enroll in private managed care
arrangements. In addition, state budget pressures have encouraged states to consider several courses of action that may impact our business, such as delaying payments,
reducing reimbursement, restricting coverage eligibility, denying claims and service coverage restrictions. Further, CMS has set goals for value-based reimbursement to be
achieved by 2030.
Reimbursement for Medicare services also is subject to annual reduction under the Budget Control Act of 2011, and the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010.
From time to time, the federal government has considered whether competitive bidding could be used to provide clinical testing services for Medicare beneficiaries while
maintaining quality and access to care. Congress periodically considers cost-saving initiatives. These initiatives have included coinsurance for clinical testing services, co-
payments for clinical testing and further laboratory physician fee schedule reductions.
Other steps taken to reduce utilization and reimbursement include requirements to obtain diagnosis codes to obtain payment, increased documentation requirements, limiting
the allowable number of tests or ordering frequency, expanded prior authorization programs and otherwise increasing payment denials.
Steps to reduce utilization and reimbursement also discourage innovation and access to innovative solutions that we may offer.
Health plans and other third parties have taken steps to reduce the utilization and reimbursement of health services, including clinical testing services.
We face efforts by non-governmental third-party payers, including health plans, to reduce utilization of and reimbursement for clinical testing services. Examples include
increased use of prior authorization requirements and increased denial of coverage for services. There is increased market activity regarding alternative payment models,
including bundled payment models. We expect continuing efforts by third-party payers, including in their rules, practices and policies, to reduce reimbursements, to impose
more stringent cost controls and to reduce utilization of clinical testing services. ACOs and Independent Delivery Networks (IDNs), including hospitals and hospital health
systems, also may undertake efforts to reduce utilization of, or reimbursement for, diagnostic information services.
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The healthcare industry has experienced a trend of consolidation among health insurance plans, resulting in fewer but larger insurance plans with significant bargaining power
to negotiate fee arrangements with clinical testing providers. The increased consolidation among health plans also has increased pricing transparency, insurer bargaining power
and the potential adverse impact of ceasing to be a contracted provider with an insurer. Health plans, and independent physician associations, may demand that clinical testing
providers accept discounted fee structures or assume all or a portion of the financial risk associated with providing testing services to their members through capitated payment
arrangements. Some health plans also are reviewing test coding, evaluating coverage decisions and requiring preauthorization of certain testing. There are also an increasing
number of patients enrolling in consumer driven products and high deductible plans that involve greater patient cost-sharing.
Other steps taken to reduce utilization and reimbursement include requirements to obtain diagnosis codes to obtain payment, increased documentation requirements, limiting
the allowable number of tests or ordering frequency, expanded prior authorization programs and otherwise increasing payment denials.
Steps to reduce utilization and reimbursement also discourage innovation and access to innovative solutions that we may offer.
The Laboratory Services MSO Acquisition will result in organizational changes that could create significant growth for our business. If we fail to effectively manage
this growth and adapt our business structure in a manner that preserves our reputation, then our business, financial condition and results of operations could be
harmed.
On February 9, 2023, we acquired 40% of all the issued and outstanding equity interests of Lab Services MSO. The Laboratory Services MSO Acquisition has resulted in
significant growth in our operations. We have incurred and will continue to incur significant expenditures and the allocation of management time to assimilate Lab Services
MSO in a manner that preserves the key aspects of our business, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful in our efforts. If we do not effectively integrate Lab
Services MSO, the effectiveness of our business growth could suffer, and our reputation could be harmed, each of which could adversely impact our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
The success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to realize our anticipated benefits and opportunities from the acquisition. We can provide no assurance that the
anticipated benefits of the Laboratory Services MSO Acquisition will be fully realized in the time frame anticipated or at all. The failure to meet the challenges involved in
integrating the two businesses could cause an interruption of business activities, an increase in operating costs or lower anticipated financial performance. Our failure to achieve
the anticipated and the potential benefits underlying our reasons for the Laboratory Services MSO Acquisition could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
The clinical testing business is highly competitive, and if we fail to provide an appropriately priced level of service or otherwise fail to compete effectively it could
have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability.
The laboratory testing industry is fragmented and highly competitive. We primarily compete with three types of clinical testing providers: commercial clinical laboratories IDN-
affiliated laboratories and physician-office laboratories. Our largest commercial clinical laboratory competitors are Quest Diagnostic Laboratories and Laboratory Corporation
of America. In addition, we compete with many smaller regional and local commercial clinical laboratories, specialized advanced laboratories and providers of consumer-
initiated testing. There also has been a trend among physician practices to establish their own histology laboratory capabilities and/or bring pathologists into their practices,
thereby reducing referrals from these practices and increasing the competitive position of these practices.
The commercial laboratory business is intensely competitive both in terms of price and service. Pricing of laboratory testing services is often one of the most significant factors
used by physicians, third-party payers and consumers in selecting a laboratory. As a result of significant consolidation in the commercial laboratory industry, larger commercial
laboratory providers are able to increase cost efficiencies afforded by large-scale automated testing. This consolidation results in greater price competition. Our laboratory
services business may be unable to increase cost efficiencies sufficiently, if at all, and as a result, its net earnings and cash flows could be negatively impacted by such price
competition. We may face increased competition from health system laboratories, due to physicians within those systems directing their testing to the health system laboratory
and away from us, and as those laboratories seek to expand their testing volume from unaffiliated physicians in their service areas. We may also face competition from
companies that do not comply with existing laws or regulations or otherwise disregard compliance standards in the industry. Additionally, we may also face changes in fee
schedules, competitive bidding for laboratory services, or other actions or pressures reducing payment schedules as a result of increased or additional competition. These
competitive pressures may affect the attractiveness or profitability of our laboratory services business, and could adversely affect our financial results.
The diagnostic information services industry also is faced with changing technology and new product introductions. Competitors may compete using advanced technology,
including technology that enables more convenient or cost-effective testing. Digital pathology, still in an emerging state, is an example of this. Competitors also may compete
on the basis of new service offerings. Competitors also may offer testing to be performed outside of a commercial clinical laboratory, such as (1) point-of-care testing that can
be performed by physicians in their offices; (2) advanced testing that can be performed by IDNs in their own laboratories; and (3) home testing that can be carried out without
requiring the services of outside providers.
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Failure to obtain and retain new customers, the loss of existing customers or material contracts, or a reduction in services or tests ordered or specimens submitted by
existing customers, or the inability to retain existing and/or create new relationships with health systems could impact our ability to successfully grow our business.
To maintain and grow its business, we need to obtain and retain new customers and business partners. In addition, a reduction in tests ordered or specimens submitted by
existing customers, a decrease in demand for our services from existing customers, or the loss of existing contracts, without offsetting growth in its customer base, could impact
our ability to successfully grow its business and could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability. We compete primarily on the basis of the quality of
services, reporting and information systems, reputation in the medical community, the pricing of services and ability to employ qualified personnel. Our failure to successfully
compete on any of these factors could result in the loss of existing customers, an inability to gain new customers and a reduction in our business.
Discontinuation or recalls of existing testing products; failure to develop or acquire licenses for new or improved testing technologies; or our customers using new
technologies to perform their own tests could adversely affect our business.
From time to time, manufacturers discontinue or recall reagents, test kits or instruments used by us to perform laboratory testing. Such discontinuations or recalls could
adversely affect our costs, testing volume and revenue.
The commercial laboratory industry is subject to changing technology and new product introductions. If we are unable to license new or improved technologies to expand its
esoteric testing operations, its testing methods may become outdated when compared with our competition, and testing volume and revenue may be materially and adversely
affected.
In addition, advances in technology may lead to the development of more cost-effective technologies such as point-of-care testing equipment that can be operated by physicians
or other healthcare providers (including physician assistants, nurse practitioners and certified nurse midwives, generally referred to herein as physicians) in their offices or by
patients themselves without requiring the services of freestanding clinical laboratories. Development of such technology and its use by our customers could reduce the demand
for its laboratory testing services and the utilization of certain tests offered by us and negatively impact its revenues.
Currently, most commercial laboratory testing is categorized as high or moderate complexity, and thereby is subject to extensive and costly regulation under the Clinical
Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA). The cost of compliance with CLIA makes it impractical for most physicians to operate clinical laboratories in their offices, and other laws
limit the ability of physicians to have ownership in a laboratory and to refer tests to such a laboratory. Manufacturers of laboratory equipment and test kits could seek to
increase their sales by marketing point-of-care laboratory equipment to physicians and by selling test kits approved for home or physician office use to both physicians and
patients. Diagnostic tests approved for home use are automatically deemed to be “waived” tests under CLIA and may be performed in physician office laboratories as well as by
patients in their homes with minimal regulatory oversight. Other tests meeting certain FDA criteria also may be classified as “waived” for CLIA purposes. The FDA has
regulatory responsibility over instruments, test kits, reagents and other devices used by clinical laboratories, and it has taken responsibility from the U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention for classifying the complexity of tests for CLIA purposes. Increased approval of “waived” test kits could lead to increased testing by physicians in their
offices or by patients at home, which could affect our market for laboratory testing services and negatively impact its revenues.
Changes or disruption in services supplies, or transportation provided by third parties have impacted and could continue to impact or adversely affect our business.
We depend on third parties to provide supplies and services critical to our laboratory services business. We are heavily reliant on third-party ground and air travel for transport
of clinical trial and diagnostic testing supplies and specimens, research products, and people. A significant disruption to these travel systems, or our access to them, could have a
material adverse effect on our business. We are also reliant on an extensive network of third-party suppliers and vendors of certain services and products, including for certain
animal populations. Disruptions to the continued supply, or increases in costs, of these services, products, or animal populations may arise from export/import restrictions or
embargoes, political or economic instability, pressure from animal rights activists, adverse weather, natural disasters, public health crises, transportation disruptions, cyber-
attacks, or other causes, as well as from termination of relationships with suppliers or vendors for their failure to follow our performance standards and requirements.
Disruption of supply and services has impacted and could continue to impact or have a material adverse effect on our business.
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Continued and increased consolidation of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies, health systems, physicians and other customers could
adversely affect our business.
Many healthcare companies and providers, including pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device companies, health systems and physician practices are consolidating
through mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures and other types of transactions and collaborations. In addition to these more traditional horizontal mergers that involve entities that
previously competed against each other, the healthcare industry is experiencing an increase in vertical mergers, which involve entities that previously did not offer competing
goods or services. As the healthcare industry consolidates, competition to provide goods and services may become more intense, and vertical mergers may give those combined
companies greater control over more aspects of healthcare, including increased bargaining power. This competition and increased customer bargaining power may adversely
affect the price and volume of our services.
In addition, as the broader healthcare industry trend of consolidation continues, including the acquisition of physician practices by health systems, relationships with hospital-
based health systems and integrated delivery networks are becoming more important. Our laboratory services business’ inability to retain its existing relationships with
physicians if they become part of healthcare systems and networks and/or to create new relationships could impact its ability to successfully grow.
Changes, including changes in interpretation, in payer regulations, policies or approvals, or changes in laws, regulations or policies in the U.S. or globally, may
adversely affect us.
U.S. and state government payers, such as Medicare and Medicaid, as well as insurers, including MCOs, have increased their efforts to control the cost, utilization and delivery
of healthcare services. From time to time, Congress has considered and implemented changes in Medicare fee schedules in conjunction with budgetary legislation. The first
phase of reductions pursuant to PAMA came into effect on January 1, 2018, and will continue annually subject to certain delays in implementation and phase-in limits through
2026, and without limitations for subsequent periods. Further reductions due to changes in policy regarding coverage of tests or other requirements for payment, such as prior
authorization, diagnosis code and other claims edits, may be implemented from time to time. Reimbursement for pathology services performed by us is also subject to statutory
and regulatory reduction. Reductions in the reimbursement rates and changes in payment policies of other third-party payers may occur as well. Such changes in the past have
resulted in reduced payments as well as added costs and have decreased test utilization for the commercial laboratory industry by adding more complex new regulatory and
administrative requirements. Further changes in third-party payer regulations, policies, or laboratory benefit or utilization management programs may have a material adverse
effect on our business. Actions by federal and state agencies regulating insurance, including healthcare exchanges, or changes in other laws, regulations, or policies may also
have a material adverse effect upon our business.
Our business could be harmed from the loss or suspension of a license or imposition of a fine or penalties under, or future changes in, or interpretations of, the law or
regulations of CLIA, Medicare, Medicaid or other national, state or local agencies in the U.S. and other countries where we operate laboratories currently and in the
future.
The commercial laboratory testing industry is subject to extensive U.S. regulation, and many of these statutes and regulations have not been interpreted by the courts. CLIA
extends federal oversight to virtually all clinical laboratories operating in the U.S. by requiring that they be certified by the federal government or by a federally approved
accreditation agency. The sanction for failure to comply with CLIA requirements may be suspension, revocation or limitation of a laboratory’s CLIA certificate, which is
necessary to conduct business, as well as significant fines and/or criminal penalties. In addition, we are subject to regulation under state law. State laws may require that
laboratories and/or laboratory personnel meet certain qualifications, specify certain quality controls or require maintenance of certain records. In the future, we may also operate
laboratories outside of the U.S. and become subject to laws governing its laboratory operations in the other countries where it operates.
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Applicable statutes and regulations could be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory or judicial authority in a manner that would adversely affect our business.
Potential sanctions for violation of these statutes and regulations include significant fines and the suspension or loss of various licenses, certificates and authorizations, which
could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, compliance with future legislation could impose additional requirements on us, which may be costly.
Failure of us or our third-party service providers to comply with privacy and security laws and regulations could result in fines, penalties and damage to our
reputation with customers and have a material adverse effect upon our business.
If we and our third-party service providers do not comply with existing or new laws and regulations related to protecting the privacy and security of personal or health
information, we could be subject to monetary fines, civil penalties or criminal sanctions.
In the U.S., HIPAA privacy and security regulations, including the expanded requirements under HITECH, establish comprehensive standards with respect to the use and
disclosure of protected health information (PHI), by covered entities, in addition to setting standards to protect the confidentiality, integrity and security of PHI.
HIPAA restricts our ability to use or disclose PHI, without patient authorization, for purposes other than payment, treatment or healthcare operations (as defined by HIPAA),
except for disclosures for various public policy purposes and other permitted purposes outlined in the privacy regulations. HIPAA and HITECH provide for significant fines and
other penalties for wrongful use or disclosure of PHI in violation of the privacy and security regulations, including potential civil and criminal fines and penalties. The
regulations establish a complex regulatory framework on a variety of subjects, including:
● the circumstances under which the use and disclosure of PHI are permitted or required without a specific authorization by the patient, including, but not limited to,
treatment purposes, activities to obtain payments for our services, and its healthcare operations activities;
● a patient’s rights to access, amend and receive an accounting of certain disclosures of PHI;
● the content of notices of privacy practices for PHI;
● administrative, technical and physical safeguards required of entities that use or receive PHI; and
● the protection of computing systems maintaining electronic PHI.
We have implemented policies and procedures designed to comply with the HIPAA privacy and security requirements as applicable. The privacy and security regulations
establish a “floor” and do not supersede state laws that are more stringent. Therefore, we are required to comply with both additional federal privacy and security regulations
and varying state privacy and security laws. In addition, federal and state laws that protect the privacy and security of patient information may be subject to enforcement and
interpretations by various governmental authorities and courts, resulting in complex compliance issues. For example, we could incur damages under state laws, including
pursuant to an action brought by a private party for the wrongful use or disclosure of health information or other personal information.
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Failure to comply with U.S., state or local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations could result in fines, penalties and loss of licensure, and have a
material adverse effect upon us.
We are subject to licensing and regulation under laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment and human health and safety, including laws and regulations
relating to the handling, transportation and disposal of medical specimens, infectious and hazardous waste and radioactive materials, as well as regulations relating to the safety
and health of laboratory employees. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could subject us to denial of the right to conduct business, fines, criminal penalties and/or
other enforcement actions that would have a material adverse effect on its business. In addition, compliance with future legislation could impose additional requirements on us
that may be costly.
The U.S. healthcare system is evolving and medical laboratory testing market fundamentals are changing, and our business could be adversely impacted if we fail to
adapt.
The U.S. healthcare system continues to evolve. Significant change is taking place in the healthcare system. For example, value-based reimbursement is increasing; CMS has
set goals for value-based reimbursement to be achieved by 2030. Patients are encouraged to take increased interest in and responsibility for, and often are bearing increased
responsibility for payment for, their healthcare. Healthcare industry participants are evolving and consolidating. Healthcare services increasingly are being provided by non-
traditional providers (e.g., physician assistants), in non-traditional venues (e.g., retail medical clinics, urgent care centers) and using new technologies (e.g., telemedicine, digital
pathology). Utilization of the healthcare system is being influenced by several factors and may result in a decline in the demand for diagnostic information services.
In addition, we believe that clinical testing market fundamentals are changing. We believe that PAMA-driven reimbursement pressure remains a catalyst for structural change in
the market. We also believe that health plans and consumers increasingly are focusing on driving better value in laboratory testing services. We expect that the evolution of the
healthcare industry will continue, and that industry change is likely to be extensive.
Failure to establish and perform to appropriate quality standards, or to assure that the appropriate standard of quality is observed in the performance of our
diagnostic information services, could adversely affect the results of our operations and adversely impact our reputation.
The provision of diagnostic information services involves certain inherent risks. The services that we provide are intended to provide information in providing patient care.
Therefore, users of our services may have a greater sensitivity to errors than the users of services or products that are intended for other purposes.
Negligence in performing our services can lead to injury or other adverse events. We may be sued under physician liability or other liability law for acts or omissions by our
pathologists, laboratory personnel and IDN employees who are under our supervision. We are subject to the attendant risk of substantial damages awards in excess of our
insurance coverage and risk to our reputation.
We are subject to numerous legal and regulatory requirements governing our activities, and we may face substantial fines and penalties, and our business activities
may be impacted, if we fail to comply.
Our business is subject to or impacted by extensive and frequently changing laws and regulations in the United States (including at both the federal and state levels) and the
other jurisdictions in which we engage in business. While we seek to conduct our business in compliance with all applicable laws, many of the laws and regulations applicable
to us are vague or indefinite and have not been extensively interpreted by the courts, including many of those relating to:
● billing and reimbursement of clinical testing;
● certification or licensure of clinical laboratories;
● the anti-self-referral and anti-kickback laws and regulations;
● the laws and regulations administered by the FDA;
● the corporate practice of medicine;
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● operational, personnel and quality requirements intended to ensure that clinical testing services are accurate, reliable and timely;
● physician fee splitting;
● relationships with physicians and IDNs;
● marketing to consumers;
● privacy of patient data and other personal information;
● safety and health of laboratory employees; and
● handling, transportation and disposal of medical specimens, infectious and hazardous waste and radioactive materials.
These laws and regulations may be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory or judicial authority in a manner that could require us to make changes in our
operations, including our pricing and/or billing practices. We may not be able to maintain, renew or secure required permits, licenses or any other regulatory approvals needed
to operate our business or commercialize our services. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or if we fail to maintain, renew or obtain necessary permits,
licenses and approvals, we could suffer civil and criminal penalties, fines, exclusion from participation in governmental healthcare programs and the loss of various licenses,
certificates and authorizations necessary to operate our business, as well as incur additional liabilities from third-party claims. If any of the foregoing were to occur, our
reputation could be damaged and important business relationships with third parties could be adversely affected.
We also are subject from time to time to qui tam claims brought by former employees or other “whistleblowers.” The federal and state governments continue aggressive
enforcement efforts against perceived healthcare fraud. Legislative provisions relating to healthcare fraud and abuse provide government enforcement personnel substantial
funding, powers, penalties and remedies to pursue suspected cases of fraud and abuse. In addition, the government has substantial leverage in negotiating settlements since the
amount of potential damages far exceeds the rates at which we are reimbursed for our services, and the government has the remedy of excluding a non-compliant provider from
participation in the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, these types of investigations and related litigation can result in:
● diversion of management time and attention;
● expenditure of large amounts of cash on legal fees, costs and payment of damages;
● increases to our administrative, billing or other operating costs;
● limitations on our ability to continue some of our operations;
● enforcement actions, fines and penalties or the assertion of private litigation claims and damages;
● decreases to the amount of reimbursement related to diagnostic information services performed;
● adverse affects to important business relationships with third parties;
● decreased demand for our services; and/or
● injury to our reputation.
Changes in applicable laws and regulations may result in existing practices becoming more restricted, or subject our existing or proposed services to additional costs, delay,
modification or withdrawal. Such changes also could require us to modify our business objectives.
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Failure to accurately bill for our services, or to comply with applicable laws relating to government healthcare programs, could have a material adverse effect on our
business.
Billing for diagnostic information services is complex and subject to extensive and non-uniform rules and administrative requirements. Depending on the billing arrangement
and applicable law, we bill various payers, such as patients, insurance companies, Medicare, Medicaid, clinicians, IDNs and employer groups. The majority of billing and
related operations for our Company are being provided by a third party under our oversight. Failure to accurately bill for our services could have a material adverse effect on
our business. In addition, failure to comply with applicable laws relating to billing government healthcare programs may result in various consequences, including: civil and
criminal fines and penalties, exclusion from participation in governmental healthcare programs and the loss of various licenses, certificates and authorizations necessary to
operate our business, as well as incur additional liabilities from third-party claims. Certain violations of these laws may also provide the basis for a civil remedy under the
federal False Claims Act, including fines and damages of up to three times the amount claimed. The qui tam provisions of the federal False Claims Act and similar provisions in
certain state false claims acts allow private individuals to bring lawsuits against healthcare companies on behalf of government payers, private payers and/or patients alleging
inappropriate billing practices.
Although we believe that we are in compliance, in all material respects, with applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that a regulatory agency or tribunal
would not reach a different conclusion. The federal or state government may bring claims based on our current practices, which we believe are lawful. The federal and state
governments have substantial leverage in negotiating settlements since the amount of potential damages and fines far exceeds the rates at which we are reimbursed, and the
government has the remedy of excluding a non-compliant provider from participation in the Medicare and Medicaid programs. We believe that federal and state governments
continue aggressive enforcement efforts against perceived healthcare fraud. Legislative provisions relating to healthcare fraud and abuse provide government enforcement
personnel with substantial funding, powers, penalties and remedies to pursue suspected cases of fraud and abuse.
Inflationary pressures could adversely impact us because of increases in the costs of materials, supplies and services, and increased labor and people-related expenses.
Inflationary pressures have resulted in increases in the costs of the testing equipment, supplies and other goods and services that we purchase from manufacturers, suppliers and
others. Inflationary pressures, along with the competition for labor, have also resulted in a rise of our labor costs, which include the costs of compensation, benefits, and
recruiting and training new hires. Our ability to raise the prices and fees we charge for the services we provide is limited. Continuation of the current inflationary environment
may adversely impact us.
Risk Factors Related to Clinical and Commercialization Activity
Our business faces significant government regulation, and there is no guarantee that our product candidates will receive regulatory approval.
Our research and development activities, pre-clinical studies, anticipated human clinical trials, and anticipated manufacturing and marketing of our potential products are
subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the United States, as well as by regulatory authorities in other countries. In the United States, our
product candidates are subject to regulation as biological products or as combination biological products/medical devices under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the
Public Health Service Act and other statutes, as outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations. Different regulatory requirements may apply to our products depending on how
they are categorized by the FDA under these laws. These regulations can be subject to substantial and significant interpretation, addition, amendment or revision by the FDA
and by the legislative process. The FDA may determine that we will need to undertake clinical trials beyond those currently planned. Furthermore, the FDA may determine that
results of clinical trials do not support approval for the product. Similar determinations may be encountered in foreign countries. The FDA will continue to monitor products in
the market after approval, if any, and may determine to withdraw its approval or otherwise seriously affect the marketing efforts for any such product. The same possibilities
exist for trials to be conducted outside of the United States that are subject to regulations established by local authorities and local law. Any such determinations would delay or
deny the introduction of our product candidates to the market and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
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Cell based therapeutics are subject to ongoing periodic unannounced inspection by the FDA, the Drug Enforcement Agency, other federal agencies and corresponding state
agencies to ensure strict compliance with good manufacturing practices, and other government regulations and corresponding foreign standards. We do not have control over
third-party manufacturers’ compliance with these regulations and standards, nor can we guarantee that we will maintain compliance with such regulations in regards to our own
manufacturing processes. Other risks include:
● regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, specific warnings, a contraindication, or field alerts to physicians and pharmacies;
● regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the IND or the product or require us to take our approved products off the market;
● we may be required to change the way the product is manufactured or administered and we may be required to conduct additional clinical trials or change the labeling
of our products;
● we may have limitations on how we promote our products; and
● we may be subject to litigation or product liability claims.
Even if our product candidates receive regulatory approval in the United States, we may never receive approval or commercialize our product candidates outside of the United
States. In order to market and commercialize any product candidate outside of the United States, we must establish and comply with numerous and varying regulatory
requirements of other countries regarding manufacturing, safety and efficacy. Approval procedures vary among countries and can involve additional product testing and
additional administrative review periods. The time required to obtain approval in other countries might differ from that required to obtain FDA approval. The regulatory
approval process in other countries may include all of the risks detailed above regarding FDA approval in the United States as well as other risks. Regulatory approval in one
country does not ensure regulatory approval in another, but a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory
approval process in others. Failure to obtain regulatory approval in other countries, or any delay or setback in obtaining such approval, could have the same adverse effects
detailed above regarding FDA approval in the United States. Such effects include the risks that our product candidates may not be approved for all indications requested, which
could limit the uses of our product candidates and have an adverse effect on product sales and potential royalties, and that such approval may be subject to limitations on the
indicated uses for which the product may be marketed or require costly, post-marketing follow-up studies.
Even if our product candidates receive regulatory approval, we may still face future development and regulatory difficulties.
Even if U.S. regulatory approval is obtained, the FDA may still impose significant restrictions on a product’s indicated uses or marketing, or impose ongoing requirements for
potentially costly post-approval studies. If any of our products were granted accelerated approval, FDA could require post-marketing confirmatory trials to verify and describe
the anticipated effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. FDA may withdraw approval of a drug or indication approved under the accelerated
approval pathway if a trial required to verify the predicted clinical benefit of the product fails to verify such benefit; other evidence demonstrates that the product is not shown
to be safe or effective under the conditions of use; the applicant fails to conduct any required post-approval trial of the drug with due diligence; or the applicant disseminates
false or misleading promotional materials relating to the product. In addition, the FDA currently requires as a condition for accelerated approval the pre-approval of
promotional materials, which could adversely impact the timing of the commercial launch of the product.
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Given the number of recent high-profile adverse safety events with certain drug and cell related products, the FDA may require, as a condition of approval, costly risk
management programs, which may include safety surveillance, restricted distribution and use, patient education, enhanced labeling, special packaging or labeling, expedited
reporting of certain adverse events, pre-approval of promotional materials, and restrictions on direct-to-consumer advertising. Furthermore, heightened Congressional scrutiny
on the adequacy of the FDA’s drug approval process and the FDA’s efforts to assure the safety of marketed cell based therapy has resulted in the proposal of new legislation
addressing drug safety issues. If enacted, any new legislation could result in delays or increased costs during the period of product development, clinical trials, and regulatory
review and approval, as well as increased costs to assure compliance with any new post-approval regulatory requirements. Any of these restrictions or requirements could force
us to conduct costly studies or increase the time for us to become profitable. For example, any labeling approved for any of our product candidates may include a restriction on
the term of its use, or it may not include one or more of our intended indications.
Our product candidates will also be subject to ongoing FDA requirements for the labeling, packaging, storage, advertising, promotion, record-keeping, and submission of safety
and other post-market information on the cell based therapy. New issues may arise during a product lifecycle that did not exist, or were unknown, at the time of product
approval, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or problems with the facility where the product is manufactured. Since approved products,
manufacturers, and manufacturers’ facilities are subject to continuous review and periodic inspections, these new issues post-approval may result in voluntary actions by us or
may result in a regulatory agency imposing restrictions on that product or us, including requiring withdrawal of the product from the market or for use in a clinical study. If our
product candidates fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, such as good manufacturing practices, a regulatory agency may:
● issue warning letters;
● require us to enter into a consent decree, which can include imposition of various fines, reimbursements for inspection costs, required due dates for specific actions,
and penalties for noncompliance;
● impose other civil or criminal penalties;
● suspend regulatory approval;
● suspend any ongoing clinical trials;
● refuse to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications filed by us;
● impose restrictions on operations, including costly new manufacturing requirements; or
● seize or detain products or require a product recall.
If we or current or future collaborators, manufacturers, or service providers fail to comply with healthcare laws and regulations, we or they could be subject to
enforcement actions and substantial penalties, which could affect our ability to develop, market and sell our products and may harm our reputation.
Although we do not currently have any products on the market, once our therapeutic candidates or clinical trials are covered by federal health care programs, we will be subject
to additional healthcare statutory and regulatory requirements and enforcement by the federal, state and foreign governments of the jurisdictions in which we conduct our
business. Healthcare providers, physicians and third party payors play a primary role in the recommendation and prescription of any therapeutic candidates for which we obtain
marketing approval. Our future arrangements with third party payors and customers may expose us to broadly applicable fraud and abuse, transparency, and other healthcare
laws and regulations that may constrain the business or financial arrangements and relationships through which we market, sell and distribute our therapeutic candidates for
which we obtain marketing approval. Restrictions under applicable federal and state healthcare laws and regulations include, but are not limited to, the following:
● the U.S. federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, persons from soliciting, receiving, offering or providing remuneration, directly or
indirectly, to induce either the referral of an individual for a healthcare item or service, or the purchasing or ordering of an item or service, for which payment may be
made, in whole or in part, under a federal healthcare program such as Medicare or Medicaid;
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● federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalty laws, such as the U.S. federal FCA, which imposes criminal and civil penalties, including
through civil whistleblower or qui tam actions, against, individuals or entities for knowingly presenting or causing to be presented, to the federal government, claims
for payment that are false or fraudulent or making a false statement to avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government. In addition,
the government may assert that a claim including items and services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent
claim for purposes of the FCA;
● HIPAA includes a fraud and abuse provision referred to as the HIPAA All-Payor Fraud Law, which imposes criminal and civil liability for executing a scheme to
defraud any healthcare benefit program, or knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false statement in
connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. Similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to
have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation;
● HIPAA, as amended by HITECH, and its implementing regulations, which impose obligations on certain covered entity healthcare providers, health plans, and
healthcare clearinghouses as well as their business associates that perform certain services involving the use or disclosure of individually identifiable health
information, including mandatory contractual terms, with respect to safeguarding, the privacy, security, and transmission of individually identifiable health
information, and require notification to affected individuals and regulatory authorities of certain breaches of security of individually identifiable health information;
● federal and state consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm consumers;
● the federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act and the implementing regulations, also referred to as “Open Payments,” issued under the ACA, which require that
manufacturers of pharmaceutical and biological drugs reimbursable under Medicare, Medicaid, and Children’s Health Insurance Programs report to the Department of
Health and Human Services all consulting fees, travel reimbursements, research grants, and other payments, transfers of value or gifts made to physicians and teaching
hospitals with limited exceptions; and
● analogous state laws and regulations, such as, state anti-kickback and false claims laws potentially applicable to sales or marketing arrangements and claims involving
healthcare items or services reimbursed by nongovernmental third party payors, including private insurers; and some state laws require pharmaceutical companies to
comply with the pharmaceutical industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government in addition
to requiring drug and cell based therapy manufacturers to report information related to payments to physicians and other healthcare providers or marketing
expenditures, and state laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant
ways and often are not preempted by HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts.
The scope and enforcement of each of these laws is uncertain and subject to rapid change in the current environment of healthcare reform, especially in light of the lack of
applicable precedent and regulations. Federal and state enforcement bodies have recently increased their scrutiny of interactions between healthcare companies and healthcare
providers, which has led to a number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions and settlements in the healthcare industry. Responding to investigations can be time-and
resource-consuming and can divert management’s attention from the business. Any such investigation or settlement could increase our costs or otherwise have an adverse effect
on our business.
Ensuring that our business arrangements with third-parties comply with applicable healthcare laws and regulations could involve substantial costs. If our operations are found to
be in violation of any such requirements, we may be subject to penalties, including civil or criminal penalties, monetary damages, the curtailment or restructuring of our
operations, or exclusion from participation in government contracting, healthcare reimbursement or other government programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, any of
which could adversely affect our financial results. Although effective compliance programs can mitigate the risk of investigation and prosecution for violations of these laws,
these risks cannot be entirely eliminated. Any action against us for an alleged or suspected violation could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and could divert our
management’s attention from the operation of our business, even if our defense is successful. In addition, achieving and sustaining compliance with applicable laws and
regulations may be costly to us in terms of money, time and resources.
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Any cell based therapies we develop may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, third party coverage and reimbursement practices or healthcare reform
initiatives, thereby harming our business.
The regulations that govern marketing approvals, pricing, coverage and reimbursement for new drugs and cell based therapies vary widely from country to country. Some
countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. In many countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing
approval is granted. In some foreign markets, prescription pharmaceutical pricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted.
Although we intend to monitor these regulations, our programs are currently in earlier stages of development and we will not be able to assess the impact of price regulations
for a number of years. As a result, we might obtain regulatory approval for a product in a particular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay our commercial
launch of the product and negatively impact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country.
Our ability to commercialize any products successfully also will depend in part on the extent to which coverage and reimbursement for these products and related treatments
will be available from government health administration authorities, private health insurers and other organizations. However, there may be significant delays in obtaining
coverage for newly-approved cell based therapies. Moreover, eligibility for coverage does not necessarily signify that a cell based therapy will be reimbursed in all cases or at a
rate that covers our costs, including research, development, manufacture, sale and distribution costs. Also, interim payments for new cell based therapy if applicable, may be
insufficient to cover our costs and may not be made permanent. Thus, even if we succeed in bringing one or more products to the market, these products may not be considered
medically necessary or cost-effective, and the amount reimbursed for any products may be insufficient to allow us to sell our products on a competitive basis. Because our
programs are in earlier stages of development, we are unable at this time to determine their cost effectiveness, or the likely level or method of reimbursement. In addition,
obtaining coverage and reimbursement approval of a product from a government or other third-party payor is a time-consuming and costly process that could require us to
provide to each payor supporting scientific, clinical and cost-effectiveness data for the use of our product on a payor-by-payor basis, with no assurance that coverage and
adequate reimbursement will be obtained. A payor’s decision to provide coverage for a product does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Further,
one payor’s determination to provide coverage for a product does not assure that other payors will also provide coverage for the product. Adequate third-party reimbursement
may not be available to enable us to maintain price levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on our investment in product development. If reimbursement is not available
or is available only at limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize any product candidate that we successfully develop.
Increasingly, the third party payors who reimburse patients or healthcare providers, such as government and private insurance plans, are seeking greater upfront discounts,
additional rebates and other concessions to reduce the prices for pharmaceutical products. If the price we are able to charge for any products we develop, or the reimbursement
provided for such products, is inadequate in light of our development and other costs, our return on investment could be adversely affected.
We currently expect that certain drugs we develop may need to be administered under the supervision of a physician on an outpatient basis. Under currently applicable U.S. law,
certain drugs that are not usually self-administered (including injectable cell based therapies) may be eligible for coverage under Medicare through Medicare Part B.
Specifically, Medicare Part B coverage may be available for eligible beneficiaries when the following, among other requirements have been satisfied:
● the product is reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of the illness or injury for which the product is administered according to accepted standards of
medical practice;
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● the product is typically furnished incident to a physician’s services;
● the indication for which the product will be used is included or approved for inclusion in certain Medicare-designated pharmaceutical compendia (when used for an
off-label use); and
● the product has been approved by the FDA.
Average prices for cell therapies may be reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required by government healthcare programs or private payors and by any future relaxation
of laws that presently restrict imports of drugs and cell based therapy from countries where they may be sold at lower prices than in the U.S. Reimbursement rates under
Medicare Part B would depend in part on whether the newly approved product would be eligible for a unique billing code. Self-administered, outpatient drugs and cell based
therapies are typically reimbursed under Medicare Part D, and cell based therapies that are administered in an inpatient hospital setting are typically reimbursed under Medicare
Part A under a bundled payment. It is difficult for us to predict how Medicare coverage and reimbursement policies will be applied to our products in the future and coverage
and reimbursement under different federal healthcare programs are not always consistent. Medicare reimbursement rates may also reflect budgetary constraints placed on the
Medicare program.
Third party payors often rely upon Medicare coverage policies and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement rates. These coverage policies and limitations may
rely, in part, on compendia listings for approved therapeutics. Our inability to promptly obtain relevant compendia listings, coverage, and adequate reimbursement from both
government-funded and private payors for new cell based therapies that we develop and for which we obtain regulatory approval could have a material adverse effect on our
operating results, our ability to raise capital needed to commercialize products and our financial condition.
We expect that these and other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorous coverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in
additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government-funded programs
may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being
able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our cell based therapies, once marketing approval is obtained.
We believe that the efforts of governments and third party payors to contain or reduce the cost of healthcare and legislative and regulatory proposals to broaden the availability
of healthcare will continue to affect the business and financial condition of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies. A number of legislative and regulatory changes in
the healthcare system in the U.S. and other major healthcare markets have been proposed, and such efforts have expanded substantially in recent years. These developments
could, directly or indirectly, affect our ability to sell our products, if approved, at a favorable price. For example, in the United States, in 2010, the U.S. Congress passed the
ACA, a sweeping law intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain the growth of health spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new
transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional policy reforms. Among
the provisions of the ACA addressing coverage and reimbursement of pharmaceutical products, of importance to our potential therapeutic candidates are the following:
● increases to pharmaceutical manufacturer rebate liability under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program due to an increase in the minimum basic Medicaid rebate on most
branded prescription drugs and the application of Medicaid rebate liability to drugs used in risk-based Medicaid managed care plans;
● the expansion of the 340B Drug Pricing Program to require discounts for “covered outpatient drugs” sold to certain children’s hospitals, critical access hospitals,
freestanding cancer hospitals, rural referral centers, and sole community hospitals;
● requirements imposed on pharmaceutical companies are required to offer discounts on brand-name cell based therapy to patients who fall within the Medicare Part D
coverage gap, commonly referred to as the “Donut Hole”;
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● requirements imposed on pharmaceutical companies to pay an annual non-tax-deductible fee to the federal government based on each company’s market share of prior
year total sales of branded drugs to certain federal healthcare programs, such as Medicare, Medicaid, Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense; and
● for products classified as biologics, marketing approval for a follow-on biologic product may not become effective until 12 years after the date on which the reference
innovator biologic product was first licensed by the FDA, with a possible six-month extension for pediatric products. After this exclusivity ends, it may be possible for
biosimilar manufacturers to enter the market, which is likely to reduce the pricing for the innovator product and could affect our profitability if our products are
classified as biologics.
Separately, pursuant to the health reform legislation and related initiatives, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, is working with various healthcare
providers to develop, refine, and implement Accountable Care Organizations, or ACOs, and other innovative models of care for Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries, including
the Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative, the Comprehensive Primary Care Initiative, the Duals Demonstration, and other models. The continued development
and expansion of ACOs and other innovative models of care will have an uncertain impact on any future reimbursement we may receive for approved therapeutics administered
by these organizations.
The healthcare industry is heavily regulated in the U.S. at the federal, state, and local levels, and our failure to comply with applicable requirements may subject us to
penalties and negatively affect our financial condition.
As a healthcare company, our operations, clinical trial activities and interactions with healthcare providers may be subject to extensive regulation in the U.S., particularly if we
receive FDA approval for any of its products in the future. For example, if we receive FDA approval for a product for which reimbursement is available under a federal
healthcare program (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid), it would be subject to a variety of federal laws and regulations, including those that prohibit the filing of false or improper
claims for payment by federal healthcare programs (e.g. the federal False Claims Act), prohibit unlawful inducements for the referral of business reimbursable by federal
healthcare programs (e.g. the federal Anti-Kickback Statute), and require disclosure of certain payments or other transfers of value made to U.S.-licensed physicians and
teaching hospitals or Open Payments. We are not able to predict how third parties will interpret these laws and apply applicable governmental guidance and may challenge our
practices and activities under one or more of these laws. If our past or present operations are found to be in violation of any of these laws, we could be subject to civil and
criminal penalties, which could hurt our business, our operations and financial condition.
The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits, among other things, any person or entity, from knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving any remuneration,
directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to induce or in return for purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for the purchase, lease or order of any item or
service reimbursable under Medicare, Medicaid or other federal healthcare programs. The term remuneration has been interpreted broadly to include anything of value. The
Anti-Kickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements between pharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, and formulary managers
on the other. There are a number of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution. The exceptions and safe harbors are
drawn narrowly and practices that involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchasing or recommending may be subject to scrutiny if
they do not qualify for an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make
the conduct per se illegal under the Anti-Kickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis based on a cumulative review of all
of its facts and circumstances. Our practices may not in all cases meet all of the criteria for protection under a statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor.
Additionally, the intent standard under the Anti-Kickback Statute was amended by the ACA, to a stricter standard such that a person or entity no longer needs to have actual
knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation. In addition, the ACA codified case law that a claim including items or services
resulting from a violation of the federal Anti- Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal FCA.
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The civil monetary penalties statute imposes penalties against any person or entity that, among other things, is determined to have presented or caused to be presented a claim to
a federal healthcare program that the person knows or should know is for an item or service that was not provided as claimed or is false or fraudulent.
Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal FCA, prohibit, among other things, any person or entity from knowingly presenting, or causing to be
presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment to, or approval by, the federal healthcare programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, or knowingly making, using, or
causing to be made or used a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim to the federal government. A claim includes “any request or demand” for money or
property presented to the U.S. government. For instance, historically, pharmaceutical and other healthcare companies have been prosecuted under these laws for allegedly
providing free product to customers with the expectation that the customers would bill federal programs for the product. Other companies have been prosecuted for causing
false claims to be submitted because of the companies’ marketing of the product for unapproved, off-label, and thus generally non-reimbursable, uses.
HIPAA prohibits, among other offenses, knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any health care benefit program, including private payors, or falsifying,
concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for items or services
under a health care benefit program. To the extent that we act as a business associate to a healthcare provider engaging in electronic transactions, we may also be subject to the
privacy and security provisions of HIPAA, as amended by HITECH, which restricts the use and disclosure of patient-identifiable health information, mandates the adoption of
standards relating to the privacy and security of patient-identifiable health information, and requires the reporting of certain security breaches to healthcare provider customers
with respect to such information. Additionally, many states have enacted similar laws that may impose more stringent requirements on entities like ours. Failure to comply with
applicable laws and regulations could result in substantial penalties and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Many states also have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulations that apply to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs, or, in several states,
apply regardless of the payor. Additionally, to the extent that our product is sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.
Our products, once approved, may be eligible for coverage under Medicare and Medicaid, among other government healthcare programs. Accordingly, we may be subject to a
number of obligations based on their participation in these programs, such as a requirement to calculate and report certain price reporting metrics to the government, such as
average sales price (ASP) and best price. Penalties may apply in some cases when such metrics are not submitted accurately and timely. Further, these prices for drugs may be
reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required by government healthcare programs or private payors and by any future relaxation of laws that presently restrict imports of
drugs and biological products from countries where they may be sold at lower prices than in the United States. It is difficult to predict how Medicare coverage and
reimbursement policies will be applied to our products in the future and coverage and reimbursement under different federal healthcare programs are not always consistent.
Medicare reimbursement rates may also reflect budgetary constraints placed on the Medicare program.
In order to distribute products commercially, we must comply with state laws that require the registration of manufacturers and wholesale distributors of drug and biological
products in a state, including, in certain states, manufacturers and distributors who ship products into the state even if such manufacturers or distributors have no place of
business within the state. Some states also impose requirements on manufacturers and distributors to establish the pedigree of product in the chain of distribution, including
some states that require manufacturers and others to adopt new technology capable of tracking and tracing product as it moves through the distribution chain. Several states
have enacted legislation requiring pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to establish marketing compliance programs, file periodic reports with the state, make periodic
public disclosures on sales, marketing, pricing, clinical trials and other activities, and/or register their sales representatives, as well as to prohibit pharmacies and other
healthcare entities from providing certain physician prescribing data to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for use in sales and marketing, and to prohibit certain
other sales and marketing practices. All of our activities are potentially subject to federal and state consumer protection and unfair competition laws.
If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the federal and state healthcare laws described above or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be
subject to penalties, including without limitation, civil, criminal and/or administrative penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, exclusion from participation in government
programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, injunctions, private “qui tam” actions brought by individual whistleblowers in the name of the government, or refusal to allow us to
enter into government contracts, contractual damages, reputational harm, administrative burdens, diminished profits and future earnings, and the curtailment or restructuring of
our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations.
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Our ability to obtain reimbursement or funding from the federal government may be impacted by possible reductions in federal spending.
U.S. federal government agencies currently face potentially significant spending reductions. The Budget Control Act of 2011, or the BCA, established a Joint Select Committee
on Deficit Reduction, which was tasked with achieving a reduction in the federal debt level of at least $1.2 trillion. That committee did not draft a proposal by the BCA’s
deadline. As a result, automatic cuts, referred to as sequestration, in various federal programs were scheduled to take place, beginning in January 2013, although the American
Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 delayed the BCA’s automatic cuts until March 1, 2013. While the Medicare program’s eligibility and scope of benefits are generally exempt from
these cuts, Medicare payments to providers and Part D health plans are not exempt. The BCA did, however, provide that the Medicare cuts to providers and Part D health plans
would not exceed two percent. President Obama issued the sequestration order on March 1, 2013, and cuts went into effect on April 1, 2013. Additionally, the Bipartisan Budget
Act of 2015 extended sequestration for Medicare through fiscal year 2027.
The U.S. federal budget remains in flux, which could, among other things, cut Medicare payments to providers. The Medicare program is frequently mentioned as a target for
spending cuts. The full impact on our business of any future cuts in Medicare or other programs is uncertain. In addition, we cannot predict any impact President Trump’s
administration and the U.S. Congress may have on the federal budget. If federal spending is reduced, anticipated budgetary shortfalls may also impact the ability of relevant
agencies, such as the FDA or the National Institutes of Health, to continue to function at current levels. Amounts allocated to federal grants and contracts may be reduced or
eliminated. These reductions may also impact the ability of relevant agencies to timely review and approve drug research and development, manufacturing, and marketing
activities, which may delay our ability to develop, market and sell any products we may develop.
Risks Related to Our Securities
Our officers, directors and principal stockholders own a significant percentage of our stock and will be able to exert significant control over matters subject to
stockholder approval.
Our officers, directors and 5% stockholders and their affiliates beneficially own a significant percentage of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders have
significant influence and may be able to determine all matters requiring stockholder approval. For example, these stockholders may be able to control elections of directors,
amendments of our organizational documents, or approval of any merger, sale of assets, or other major corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership could delay or
prevent any acquisition of our company on terms that other stockholders may desire, and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
If we are unable to maintain listing of our securities on The Nasdaq Capital Market or another reputable stock exchange, it may be more difficult for our
stockholders to sell their securities.
Nasdaq requires listing issuers to comply with certain standards in order to remain listed on its exchange. If, for any reason, Nasdaq should delist our securities from trading on
its exchange and we are unable to obtain listing on another reputable national securities exchange, a reduction in some or all of the following may occur, each of which could
materially adversely affect our stockholders. A delisting of our common stock is likely to reduce the liquidity of our common stock and may inhibit or preclude our ability to
raise additional financing.
On November 3, 2023, we received notice from Nasdaq that the closing bid price for our common stock had been below $1.00 per share for the previous 30 consecutive
business days, and that we were therefore not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq
Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Rule”). Nasdaq’s notice had no immediate effect on the listing or trading of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market. The notice
indicated that we will have 180 calendar days, until May 1, 2024, to regain compliance with the Rule. We could regain compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid listing
requirement if the closing bid price of our common stock is at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten (10) consecutive business days during the 180-day compliance period.
If we do not regain compliance during the initial compliance period, we may be eligible for additional time to regain compliance with the Rule. To qualify, we will be required
to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of our publicly held shares and all other Nasdaq initial listing standards, except the bid price requirement, and
provide written notice to Nasdaq of our intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. If we are not
eligible or it appeared to Nasdaq that we will not be able to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, Nasdaq then provides written notice to us that our
common stock will be subject to delisting. In the event of such notification, we may appeal Nasdaq’s determination to delist our securities, but there can be no assurance that
Nasdaq will grant our request for continued listing.
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The price of our common stock may be volatile and fluctuate substantially, which could result in substantial losses for our stockholders.
Our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ALBT” since November 10, 2022. Our common stock was listed on the Nasdaq Capital
Market under the symbol “AVCO” since November 5, 2018 through the close of business on November 9, 2022. Our common shares were traded previously on the OTC
Market Group Inc.’s Venture Market (the “OTCQB”) since February 22, 2016, under the symbol “AVCO” since October 18, 2016 and “GTHC” prior to October 18, 2016.
The price of our common stock has been, and we expect it to continue to be, volatile. The stock market in general and the market for smaller healthcare companies in particular
have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result of this volatility, you may not be able to sell
your shares of common stock at or above the price you paid for your shares of common stock. The market price for our common stock may be influenced by many factors,
including:
● the success of competitive products or technologies;
● developments related to our existing or any future collaborations;
● regulatory or legal developments in the United States and other countries;
● developments or disputes concerning patent applications, issued patents or other proprietary rights;
● the recruitment or departure of key personnel;
● actual or anticipated changes in estimates as to financial results or recommendations by securities analysts;
● variations in our financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to us;
● changes in the structure of healthcare payment systems;
● market conditions in the healthcare, pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors;
● general economic, industry and market conditions; and
● the other factors described in this “Risk Factors” section.
Future sales of our common stock or securities convertible or exchangeable for our common stock may cause our stock price to decline.
If our existing stockholders sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the price of our common stock could decline.
The perception in the market that these sales may occur could also cause the price of our common stock to decline.
In addition, as of December 31, 2023,
● 853,303 shares of our common stock were issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options;
● 645,527 shares of our common stock were issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock warrants;
● 900,000 shares of our common stock were issuable upon the conversion of our outstanding Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”),
which will become eligible for sale in the public market to the extent permitted by the provisions of various vesting schedules, lock-up agreements and Rule 144 under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”);
● 2,910,053 shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of our outstanding Series B Preferred Stock;
● 911,111 shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of our outstanding convertible notes.
If the shares we may issue from time to time upon the exercise of outstanding options and warrants and the conversion of our outstanding Series A Preferred Stock and Series B
Preferred Stock are sold and outstanding convertible notes are issues, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, by the award recipients in the public market, the price of our
common stock could decline.
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You may experience dilution of your ownership interests because of the future issuance of additional shares of our common or preferred stock or other securities that
are convertible into or exercisable for our common or preferred stock.
As of the date of this filing, we have issued an aggregate of (i) 9,000 shares of our newly designated Series A Preferred Stock and (ii) 11,000 shares of our newly designated
Series B Preferred Stock. In the future, we may issue our authorized but previously unissued equity securities, resulting in the dilution of the ownership interests of our
stockholders. We are authorized to issue an aggregate of 490,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock. We may issue additional
shares of our common stock or other securities that are convertible into or exercisable for our common stock in connection with hiring or retaining employees, future
acquisitions, future sales of our securities for capital raising purposes, or for other business purposes. The future issuance of any such additional shares of our common stock
may create downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock. We expect we will need to raise additional capital in the near future to meet our working capital
needs, and there can be no assurance that we will not be required to issue additional shares, warrants or other convertible securities in the future in conjunction with these
capital raising efforts, including at a price (or exercise prices) below the price you paid for your stock.
The ability of our Board to issue additional stock may prevent or make more difficult certain transactions, including a sale or merger.
Our Board is authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with powers, rights and preferences designated by it. Shares of voting or convertible preferred stock
could be issued, or rights to purchase such shares could be issued, to create voting impediments or to frustrate persons seeking to effect a takeover or otherwise gain control of
us. The rights of holders of our common stock are subject to the rights of the holders of our preferred stock, including our newly designated Series A Preferred Stock, Series B
Preferred Stock, Series C Convertible Preferred Stock and any preferred stock that may be issued. The ability of the Board to issue such additional shares of preferred stock,
with rights and preferences it deems advisable, could discourage an attempt by a party to acquire control of us by tender offer or other means. Such issuances could therefore
deprive stockholders of benefits that could result from such an attempt, such as the realization of a premium over the market price for their shares in a tender offer or the
temporary increase in market price that such an attempt could cause. Moreover, the issuance of such additional shares of preferred stock to persons friendly to the Board could
make it more difficult to remove incumbent managers and directors from office even if such change were to be favorable to stockholders generally.
We are incorporated in Delaware. Certain anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law and our charter documents as currently in effect may make a change in control of us more
difficult, even if a change in control would be beneficial to the stockholders. Delaware law also prohibits corporations from engaging in a business combination with any
holders of 15% or more of their capital stock until the holder has held the stock for three years unless, among other possibilities, our Board approves the transaction. Our Board
may use these provisions to prevent changes in the management and control of us. Also, under applicable Delaware law, our Board may adopt additional anti-takeover measures
in the future.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding our stock, our
stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. We do not
currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities and industry analysts. If no or few securities or industry analysts commence coverage of us, the trading
price for our stock would be negatively impacted. In the event we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage, if any of the analysts who cover us issue an adverse or
misleading opinion regarding us, our business model, our intellectual property or our stock performance, or if our operating results fail to meet the expectations of analysts, our
stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets,
which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
We do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock, and investors may lose the entire amount of their investment.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate such a declaration or payment for the foreseeable future.
We expect to use future earnings, if any, to fund business growth. Therefore, stockholders will not receive any funds absent a sale of their shares of our common stock. We
cannot assure stockholders of a positive return on their investment when they sell their shares, nor can we assure that stockholders will not lose the entire amount of their
investment.
43
Applicable regulatory requirements, including those contained in and issued under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, may make it difficult for us to retain or attract
qualified officers and directors, which could adversely affect the management of our business and our ability to obtain or retain listing of our common stock on a
national securities exchange.
We may be unable to attract and retain those qualified officers, directors and members of board committees required to provide for effective management because of the rules
and regulations that govern publicly held companies, including, but not limited to, certifications by principal executive officers. The enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has
resulted in the issuance of a series of related rules and regulations and the strengthening of existing rules and regulations by the SEC, as well as the adoption of new and more
stringent rules by national securities exchanges. The perceived increased personal risk associated with these changes may deter qualified individuals from accepting roles as
directors and executive officers.
Further, some of these changes heighten the requirements for board or committee membership, particularly with respect to an individual’s independence from the corporation
and level of experience in finance and accounting matters. We may have difficulty attracting and retaining directors with the requisite qualifications. If we are unable to attract
and retain qualified officers and directors, the management of our business and our ability to obtain or retain listing of our shares of common stock on any national securities
exchange could be adversely affected.
If we cannot satisfy, or continue to satisfy, the initial listing requirements and other rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market, our securities may be delisted, which could
negatively impact the price of our securities and your ability to sell them.
Our common stock has been listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ALBT” since November 10, 2022 and under the symbol “AVCO” since November 5, 2018
through the close of business on November 9, 2022. In order to maintain our listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market, we are required to comply with certain rules of the
applicable trading market, including those regarding minimum stockholders’ equity, minimum share price and certain corporate governance requirements. We may not be able
to continue to satisfy the listing requirements and other applicable rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market. If we are unable to satisfy the criteria for maintaining our listing, our
securities could be subject to delisting.
If our common stock is delisted from trading by the applicable trading market we could face significant consequences, including.
● a limited availability for market quotations for our securities;
● reduced liquidity with respect to our securities;
● a determination that our common stock is a “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly
result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our common stock;
● limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and
● a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
We could be subject to securities class action litigation.
In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following a decline in the market price of its securities. This risk is especially relevant for
us because companies in our industry have experienced significant stock price volatility in recent years. If we face such litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a
diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could harm our business.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Cybersecurity Risk Management
We, like other companies in our industry, face several cybersecurity risks in connection with our business. Our business strategy, results of operations, and financial condition
have not, to date, been affected by risks from cybersecurity threats. During the reporting period, we have not experienced any material cyber incidents, nor have we experienced
a series of immaterial incidents, which would require disclosure.
44
In the ordinary course of our business, we use, store and process a bare minimum of data. To effectively prevent, detect, and respond to cybersecurity threats, we maintain a
cyber risk management program, which is comprised of data segregation, penetration testing, and training. The cyber risk management program falls under the responsibility of
a third party IT consultant, who has cross-functional expertise in IT management, cybersecurity, and engineering with more than 30 years of experience (the “IT Consultant”),
who reports directly to our Chief Financial Officer. Under the guidance of the IT Consultant, we have minimized our data footprint to keep our cyber risk low.
We have implemented a cybersecurity risk management program that is designed to limit and mitigate risks from cybersecurity threats. Our cybersecurity risk management
program incorporates several components, including employee training, periodic penetration tests, and multifactor authentications.
Governance
Under the ultimate direction of our CFO, with oversight from the Board, we maintain a security governance structure to evaluate and address cyber risk.
Our Board is responsible for the oversight of cybersecurity risk management. The Board delegates oversight of the cybersecurity risk management program to the Audit
Committee. On a quarterly and as-needed basis, the CFO reports to the Audit Committee on our cybersecurity risk management program, including any critical cybersecurity
risks, ongoing cybersecurity initiatives and strategies, and applicable regulatory requirements and industry standards. The CFO also provides updates to the Audit Committee of
any cybersecurity incidents (suspected or actual) and provides updates on the incidents as well as cybersecurity risk mitigation activities as appropriate.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our principal offices are located at 4400 Route 9 South, Freehold, NJ 07728. The office building is owned by our subsidiary, Avalon RT 9 Properties, LLC, which is in business
of owning and operating an income-producing real property. Our property is well maintained, adequately meets our needs, and is being utilized for its intended purpose.
We lease additional office space for operations. Office location is not crucial to our operations, and we anticipate no difficulty in extending these leases or obtaining comparable
office space.
We are obligated under various lease agreements providing for office space that expire at various dates through the year 2025. Total rent expense under these lease agreements
was approximately $129,000 and $141,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
We believe that our current office space is adequate for our current and immediately foreseeable operating needs.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are subject to ordinary routine litigation incidental to our normal business operations. We are not currently a party to, and our property is not subject to,
any material legal proceedings, except as set forth below.
On October 25, 2017, our subsidiary, Genexosome, entered into and closed a Stock Purchase Agreement with Beijing Jieteng (Genexosome) Biotech Co., Ltd., a corporation
incorporated in the People’s Republic of China on August 7, 2015 (“Beijing Genexosome”) which was dissolved in June 2022, and Yu Zhou, MD, PhD, the sole shareholder of
Beijing Genexosome, pursuant to which Genexosome acquired all of the issued and outstanding securities of Beijing Genexosome in consideration of a cash payment in the
amount of $450,000, of which $100,000 is still owed. Further, on October 25, 2017, Genexosome entered into and closed an Asset Purchase Agreement with Dr. Zhou, pursuant
to which the Company acquired all assets, including all intellectual property and exosome separation systems, held by Dr. Zhou pertaining to the business of researching,
developing and commercializing exosome technologies. In consideration of the assets, Genexosome paid Dr. Zhou $876,087 in cash, transferred 500,000 shares of our common
stock to Dr. Zhou and issued Dr. Zhou 400 shares of common stock of Genexosome. Further, the Company had not been able to realize the financial projections provided by Dr.
Zhou at the time of the acquisition and has decided to impair the intangible asset associated with this acquisition to zero. Dr. Zhou was terminated as Co-CEO of Genexosome
on August 14, 2019. Further, on October 28, 2019, Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital (“Research Institute”) filed a Complaint in the United States District
Court for the Southern District of Ohio Eastern Division against Dr. Zhou, Li Chen, the Company and Genexosome with various claims against the Company and Genexosome
including misappropriation of trade secrets in violation of the Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016 and violation of Ohio Uniform Trade Secrets Act. Research Institute is seeking
monetary damages, injunctive relief, exemplary damages, injunctive relief and other equitable relief. The Company intends to vigorously defend against this action and pursue
all available legal remedies. The criminal proceedings against Dr. Zhou and Li Chen have been concluded. The Company, Genexosome and the Research Institute entered into a
settlement agreement dated June 7, 2022 (the “Settlement Agreement”), whereby the Company agreed to pay the Research Institute $450,000 on each of the sixty-day, one year
and two-year anniversaries of the Settlement Date. In addition, the Company agreed to pay the Research Institute 30% of the Company’s initial pre-tax profit of $3,333,333,
20% of the Company’s second pre-tax profit of $3,333,333 and 10% of the Company’s third pre-tax profit of $3,333,333. The parties provided a mutual release as well.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
45
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY
SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock has been listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ALBT” since November 10, 2022. Our common stock was listed on The Nasdaq Capital
Market under the symbol “AVCO” from November 5, 2018 through the close of business on November 9, 2022.
Holders of Record
As of March 29, 2024, there were approximately 223 registered holders of record of our shares of common stock, based upon information received from our stock transfer
agent. However, this number does not include beneficial owners whose shares were held of record by nominees or broker dealers.
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 should be read in conjunction with
our consolidated financial statements and related notes to those consolidated financial statements that are included elsewhere in this report. Certain information contained in the
discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.
Special Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements
All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Annual Report Form 10-K including, without limitation, statements under “Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding our financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future
operations, are forward-looking statements. When used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” and similar
expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of management, as well as
assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking
statements as a result of a number of factors, including those set forth under the risk factors and business sections in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are a commercial stage company dedicated to developing and delivering innovative, transformative, precision diagnostics and clinical laboratory services. We are focused
on establishing a leading role in the innovation of diagnostic testing, utilizing proprietary technology to deliver precise, genetics-driven results. As a first step into the laboratory
market, we completed an acquisition of a 40% membership interest in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC (“Lab Services MSO”), which closed in February 2023.
46
We have the following areas of focus:
Laboratory Acquisitions
We have embarked on a laboratory rollup strategy focused on forming joint ventures and acquiring laboratories that are accretive to our commercial strategy. As a first step, in
February of 2023, we acquired a 40% membership interest in Lab Services MSO.
● Lab Services MSO is focused on delivering high quality services related to toxicology and wellness testing and provides a broad portfolio of diagnostic tests, including
drug testing, toxicology, and a broad array of test services, from general bloodwork to anatomic pathology, and urine toxicology. Specific capabilities include STAT
blood testing, qualitative drug screening, genetic testing, urinary testing, and sexually transmitted disease testing. The panels that Lab Services MSO tests for are
thyroid panel, comprehensive metabolic panel, kidney profile, liver function tests, and other individual tests. Through Lab Services MSO, we use fast, accurate, and
efficient equipment to provide practitioners with the tools to quickly determine if a patient is following their designated treatment plan. In most instances, we are able
to provide a practitioner with qualitative drug class results the same day the sample is received. Lab Services MSO provides a menu of extensive chemistry tests that
physicians can use to obtain information to better treat their patients and maintain their overall wellness. Lab Services MSO has developed a premier reputation for
customer service and fast turnaround times.
● Lab Services MSO is also focused on commercialization of genetic-based proprietary testing. The first area of focus in this area is confirmatory genetic testing during
toxicology screening and genetic testing to screen for addictive propensity. Lab Services MSO laboratory plans to focus on diagnostic testing utilizing proprietary
technology to deliver precise genetic driven results.
● In the third quarter of 2023, Lab Services MSO acquired Merlin Technologies, Inc. which is a medical equipment retail company.
Research and Development
We are focused on bringing forward intellectual property through joint patent filings with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). We completed a sponsored research
and co-development project with MIT led by Professor Shuguang Zhang as Principal Investigator. Using the unique QTY code protein design platform, six water-soluble
variant cytokine receptors have been successfully designed and tested to show binding affinity to the respective cytokines. We currently are focused on bringing forward the
intellectual property associated with this program through joint patent submissions.
Product Commercialization
We have begun the commercialization and development of a versatile breathalyzer system.
We were granted exclusive distributorship rights for the KetoAir from Qi Diagnostics for the following territories: North America, South America, the EU and the UK. We had
a pilot launch and exhibition of the KetoAir in this year’s KetoCon conference in Austin, Texas (April 21-23, 2023). For our commercialization strategy, we intend to target the
diabetes and obesity markets. We are evaluating options for commercialization, including identifying distribution partners or distributing the KetoAir ourselves.
The KetoAir is a handheld device that allows the user to detect acetone levels in exhaled breath. The acetone level is in concentration units (ppm, part-per-million) such that the
user will know his/her real-time ketosis status: inadequate ketosis (0-3.99 ppm), mild ketosis (4-9.99 ppm), optimal ketosis (10-40 ppm), or alarming level (> 40 ppm). The
KetoAir is registered with the United States FDA as a Class I medical device. The device is also paired with an “AI Nutritionist” software program (via Bluetooth connection)
which is downloadable from Google Play (for Android mobile phones, approved) and iPhone (the app is currently being reviewed by Apple iOS AppStore). It helps users
monitor and manage their ketogenic diet and related programs. We believe the KetoAir can be an essential tool to help diabetic patients adhere to their therapeutic programs and
optimize their ketogenic dietary management.
47
Other Areas
In order to preserve cash and focus on our core laboratory rollup strategy and product commercialization, we have currently suspended all research and development efforts
related to cellular therapy in order to redirect our funding efforts to our core business strategies outlined above.
Going Concern
We are a commercial stage company dedicated to developing and delivering innovative, transformative, precision diagnostics and clinical laboratory services. We are focused
on establishing a leading role in the innovation of diagnostic testing, utilizing proprietary technology to deliver precise, genetics-driven results. We also provide laboratory
services, offering a broad portfolio of diagnostic tests, including drug testing, toxicology, and a broad array of test services, from general bloodwork to anatomic pathology, and
urine toxicology.
In addition, we own commercial real estate that houses our headquarters in Freehold, New Jersey. We also have income from equity method investment through our forty
percent (40%) interest in Lab Services MSO. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern, which
contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we had working capital deficit of approximately $5,912,000 at December 31, 2023 and had incurred
recurring net losses and generated negative cash flow from operating activities of approximately $16,707,000 and $6,505,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023,
respectively.
We have a limited operating history and our continued growth is dependent upon the continuation of generating rental revenue from its income-producing real estate property in
New Jersey and income from equity method investment through its forty percent (40%) interest in Lab Services MSO and obtaining additional financing to fund future
obligations and pay liabilities arising from ordinary course business operations. In addition, the current cash balance cannot be projected to cover the operating expenses for the
next twelve months from the release date of this report. These matters raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The ability of us to continue as a
going concern is dependent on our ability to raise additional capital, implement our business plan, and generate sufficient revenues. There are no assurances that we will be
successful in its efforts to generate sufficient revenues, maintain sufficient cash balance or report profitable operations or to continue as a going concern. We plan on raising
capital through the sale of equity to implement its business plan. However, there is no assurance these plans will be realized and that any additional financings will be available
to us on satisfactory terms and conditions, if any.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability or classification of asset-carrying amounts or the amounts and
classification of liabilities that may result should we be unable to continue as a going concern.
Critical Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Changes in these estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on
the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that
the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its
estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Significant estimates during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 include the useful life of property and equipment, investment in real estate, and intangible assets, the
assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-term assets, the valuation of deferred tax assets and the associated valuation allowances, the valuation of stock-based
compensation, the assumptions used to determine fair value of warrants and embedded conversion features of convertible note payable, and the fair value of the consideration
given and assets acquired in the purchase of our equity interest in Lab Services MSO.
48
Investment in Unconsolidated Companies
We use the equity method of accounting for its investments in, and earning or loss of, companies that it does not control but over which it does exert significant influence. We
consider whether the fair values of our equity method investments have declined below their carrying values whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that
recorded values may not be recoverable. If we consider any decline to be other than temporary (based on various factors, including historical financial results and the overall
health of the investee), then a write-down would be recorded to estimated fair value. Impairment of equity method investment amounted to $9,651,361 for the year ended
December 31, 2023. See Note 7 for discussion of equity method investments.
Real Property Rental
We have determined that ASC 606 does not apply to rental contracts, which are within the scope of other revenue recognition accounting standards.
Rental income from operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis under the guidance of ASC 842. Lease payments under tenant leases are recognized on a straight-line
basis over the term of the related leases. The cumulative difference between lease revenue recognized under the straight-line method and contractual lease payments are
included in rent receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.
We do not offer promotional payments, customer coupons, rebates or other cash redemption offers to its customers.
Income Taxes
We are governed by the income tax laws of China and the United States. Income taxes are accounted for pursuant to ASC 740 “Accounting for Income Taxes,” which is an asset
and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our
financial statements or tax returns. The charge for taxes is based on the results for the period as adjusted for items, which are non-assessable or disallowed. It is calculated using
tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and
liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of assessable tax profit. In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all
taxable temporary differences, and deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary
differences can be utilized.
Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the
income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is changed to equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities
are offset when they related to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and we intend to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.
49
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Comparison of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Real Property Rental Revenue
For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had real property rental revenue of $1,255,681, as compared to $1,202,169 for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of
$53,512, or 4.5%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in the number of tenants occupying the building in the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to
the year ended December 31, 2022. We expect that our revenue from real property rent will remain at its current level with minimal increase in the near future.
Real Property Operating Expenses
Real property operating expenses consist of property management fees, property insurance, real estate taxes, depreciation, repairs and maintenance fees, utilities and other
expenses related to our rental properties.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, our real property operating expenses amounted to $1,017,493, as compared to $929,441 for the year ended December 31, 2022, an
increase of $88,052 or 9.5%. The increase was primarily due to an increase in property management fees of approximately $15,000, an increase in repairs and maintenance fee
of approximately $64,000, and an increase in other miscellaneous items of approximately $9,000.
Real Property Operating Income
Our real property operating income for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $238,188, representing a decrease of $34,540 or 12.7%, as compared to $272,728 for the year
ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the increase in real property operating expenses as described above. We expect our real property operating
income will remain at its current level with minimal increase in the near future.
Loss from Equity Method Investment — Lab Services MSO
For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had loss from our investment in Lab Services MSO of $8,571,647, which consists of our share of Lab Services MSO’s net income
of $1,236,391 and amortization of identifiable intangible assets acquired from Lab Services MSO acquisition of $611,356 and impairment of goodwill acquired from Lab
Services MSO acquisition of $9,196,682, which was primarily attributable to Lab Services MSO’s lower revenues and net incomes than anticipated and the decline in our stock
price and market capitalization. We purchased 40% of Lab Services MSO on February 9, 2023. In the third quarter of 2023, Lab Services MSO acquired Merlin Technologies,
Inc. which is a medical equipment retail company. Lab Services MSO has also opened a new laboratory, Veritas Laboratories LLC (“Veritas”). Veritas is a CLIA-certified and
COLA-accredited laboratory located in Scottsdale, Arizona that offers a wide range of high-quality testing, including drug testing, genetic testing, urinary testing and COVID-
19 PCR testing. We expect to receive income from our investment in Lab Services MSO in the near future.
Other Operating Expenses
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, other operating expenses consisted of the following:
Advertising and marketing expenses
Professional fees
Compensation and related benefits
Research and development
Litigation settlement
Directors and officers’ liability insurance premium
Travel and entertainment
Rent and related utilities
Other general and administrative
Years Ended December 31,
2022
2023
$
$
1,666,721 $
3,076,477
1,768,449
109,618
-
349,745
166,921
64,149
218,144
7,420,224 $
1,325,313
2,909,652
1,863,188
731,328
1,350,000
414,757
163,213
77,352
230,820
9,065,623
● For the year ended December 31, 2023, advertising and marketing expenses increased by $341,408 or 25.8% as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The
increase was primarily due to increased advertising activities to enhance our visibility and marketability and to improve brand recognition and awareness. We expect
that our advertising and marketing expenses will decrease in the near future as we conserve cash.
50
● Professional fees primarily consisted of accounting fees, audit fees, legal service fees, consulting fees, investor relations service charges and other fees. For the year
ended December 31, 2023, professional fees increased by $166,825, or 5.7%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, which was primarily attributable to
an increase in consulting fees of approximately $331,000, mainly due to the increase in use of consulting service providers related to our acquisition of Lab Services
MSO, an increase in audit fees of approximately $242,000, due to the increased audit services related to our acquisition of Lab Services MSO, and an increase in
accounting fees of approximately $425,000 mainly due to the increased accounting services related to our acquisition of Lab Services MSO, offset by a decrease in
investor relations service charges of approximately $242,000, resulting from the decrease in investor relations service providers, a decrease in legal service fees of
approximately $568,000, mainly due to the decreased legal services related to our acquisition of Lab Services MSO, and a decrease in other miscellaneous items of
approximately $21,000. We expect that our professional fees are likely to decrease in the near future.
● For the year ended December 31, 2023, compensation and related benefits decreased by $94,739, or 5.1%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The
decrease was primarily attributable to the decreased compensation for our two officers as further described in Item 11 of this report. We expect that our compensation
and related benefits will continue to decrease in the near future.
● For the year ended December 31, 2023, research and development expenses decreased by $621,710, or 85.0%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The
decrease was mainly attributable to our decreased activity with respect to research and development projects in the year ended December 31, 2023. We expect that our
research and development expenses will continue to decrease in the near future as we redirect our funding efforts to our core business strategies discussed above.
● For the year ended December 31, 2023, litigation settlement decreased by $1,350,000, or 100.0%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease
was due to a settlement signed in June 2022.
● For the year ended December 31, 2023, Directors and Officers Liability Insurance premium decreased by $65,012, or 15.7%, as compared to the year ended December
31, 2022. The decrease was mainly due to us switching to a different insurance provider, resulting in a lower premium.
● For the year ended December 31, 2023, travel and entertainment expense increased by $3,708, or 2.3%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.
● For the year ended December 31, 2023, rent and related utilities expenses decreased by $13,203, or 17.1%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The
decrease was attributable to decreased rental rate in the year ended December 31, 2023.
● Other general and administrative expenses mainly consisted of NASDAQ listing fee, office supplies, miscellaneous taxes, and other miscellaneous items. For the year
ended December 31, 2023, other general and administrative expenses decreased by $12,676, or 5.5%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, reflecting
our efforts at stricter controls on corporate expenditures.
Loss from Operations
As a result of the foregoing, for the year ended December 31, 2023, loss from operations amounted to $15,753,683, as compared to $8,792,895 for the year ended December
31, 2022, an increase of $6,960,788 or 79.2%.
Other (Expense) Income
Other (expense) income mainly includes third party and related party interest expense, conversion inducement expense, loss from equity method investment - Epicon, change in
fair value of derivative liability, impairment of equity method investment - Epicon, gain on debts extinguishment, and other miscellaneous (expense) income.
51
Other expense, net, totaled $953,327 for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $3,137,952 for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease of $2,184,625, or
69.6%, which was primarily attributable to a decrease in third party interest expense of approximately $2,179,000, mainly driven by the decrease in amortization of debt
discount and debt issuance cost of approximately $2,767,000 which was offset by the increased interest expense of approximately $588,000 from third party debts in the year
ended December 31, 2023, a decrease in conversion inducement expense of approximately $344,000 resulted from the reduction in the conversion price which was incurred in
the year ended December 31, 2022, and an increase in gain on debts extinguishment of approximately $683,000, offset by a decrease in gain from change in fair value of
derivative liability of approximately $412,000, and an increase in impairment of equity method investment - Epicon of approximately $455,000 due to Epicon’s series of
operating losses and the joint venture partner unable to obtain funds to commence operations, and a decrease in other miscellaneous income of approximately $224,000.
Income Taxes
We did not have any income taxes expense for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 since we incurred losses in these periods.
Net Loss
As a result of the factors described above, our net loss was $16,707,010 for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $11,930,847 for the year ended December 31,
2022, an increase of $4,776,163 or 40.0%.
Net Loss Attributable to Avalon GloboCare Corp. Common Shareholders
The net loss attributable to our common shareholders was $16,707,010 or $1.59 per share (basic and diluted) for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to
$11,930,847 or $1.28 per share (basic and diluted) for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $4,776,163 or 40.0%.
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our parent company, AHS, Avalon RT 9, and Avalon Lab is the U.S. dollar and the functional currency of
Avalon Shanghai is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The financial statement of our subsidiary whose functional currency is the RMB are translated to U.S. dollars using period
end rate of exchange for assets and liabilities, average rate of exchange for revenues, costs, and expenses and cash flows, and at historical exchange rate for equity. Net gains
and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are included in the results of operations. As a result of foreign currency translations, which are a non-cash adjustment,
we reported a foreign currency translation loss of $18,590 and $47,871 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This non-cash loss had the effect of
increasing our reported comprehensive loss.
Comprehensive Loss
As a result of our foreign currency translation adjustment, we had comprehensive loss of $16,725,600 and $11,978,718 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022,
respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have a limited operating history and our continued growth is dependent upon the continuation of generating rental revenue from our income-producing real estate property
in New Jersey and income from equity method investment through our equity interest in Lab Services MSO, as well as obtaining additional financing to fund future obligations
and pay liabilities arising from ordinary course business operations. In addition, the current cash balance cannot be projected to cover the operating expenses for the next twelve
months from the release date of this report. These matters raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The ability of us to continue as a going
concern is dependent on our ability to raise additional capital, implement its business plan, and generate sufficient revenues. There are no assurances that we will be successful
in its efforts to generate sufficient revenues, maintain sufficient cash balance or report profitable operations or to continue as a going concern. As described below, we have
raised additional capital through the sale of equity and debt and our plans on raising additional capital in the future through the sale of equity or debt to implement its business
plan. However, there is no assurance these plans will be realized and that any additional financings will be available to us on satisfactory terms and conditions, if at all.
52
Liquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on an ongoing basis. At
December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had cash balance of approximately $285,000 and $1,991,000, respectively. These funds are kept in financial institutions located as follows:
Country:
United States
China
Total cash
$
$
December 31, 2023
280,197
5,203
285,400
December 31, 2022
98.2% $
1.8%
100.0% $
1,806,083
184,827
1,990,910
90.7%
9.3%
100.0%
The following table sets forth a summary of changes in our working capital deficit from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023:
Working capital deficit:
Total current assets
Total current liabilities
Working capital deficit
December 31,
Changes in
2023
2022
Amount
Percentage
$
$
850,867 $
6,762,686
(5,911,819) $
2,373,526 $
3,579,805
(1,206,279) $
(1,522,659)
3,182,881
(4,705,540)
(64.2)%
88.9%
390.1%
Our working capital deficit increased by $4,705,540 to $5,911,819 at December 31, 2023 from $1,206,279 at December 31, 2022. The increase in working capital deficit was
primarily attributable to a decrease in cash of approximately $1,706,000, an increase in accrued professional fees of approximately $131,000, an increase in accrued payroll
liability and compensation of approximately $365,000, an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables – related parties of approximately $106,000, an increase in operating
lease obligation of approximately $118,000, an increase in advance from sale of noncontrolling interest – related party of approximately $486,000 driven by advance received
in connection with the membership interest purchase agreement signed in November 2023, an increase in equity method investment payable of $667,000 resulting from the
purchase of 40% of Lab Services MSO incurred in February 2023, an increase in convertible note payable, net, of approximately $1,925,000 resulting from the issuance of May
2023 Convertible Note, July 2023 Convertible Note, and October 2023 Convertible Note, offset by an increase in prepaid expense and other current assets of approximately
$120,000, and a decrease in accrued research and development fees of approximately $629,000 mainly due to the extinguishment of accrued liability.
Because the exchange rate conversion is different for the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of cash flows, the changes in assets and liabilities
reflected on the consolidated statements of cash flows are not necessarily identical with the comparable changes reflected on the consolidated balance sheets.
Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022
The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Net cash used in operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities
Effect of exchange rate on cash
Net (decrease) increase in cash
53
Years Ended December 31,
2022
2023
(7,037,224)
(6,504,718) $
(9,053,470)
(22,159)
17,263,989
4,825,337
10,077
(3,970)
1,183,372
(1,705,510) $
$
$
Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $6,504,718, which primarily reflected our consolidated net loss of approximately
$16,707,000, and the changes in operating assets and liabilities, primarily consisting of a decrease in operating lease obligation of approximately $113,000, and the non-cash
items adjustment, consisting of change in fair market value of derivative liability of approximately $188,000, and gain on debts extinguishment of approximately $683,000,
offset by depreciation of approximately $212,000, amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset of approximately $118,000, stock-based compensation and service expense
of approximately $1,180,000, loss from equity method investments of approximately $8,590,000 mainly due to the impairment of goodwill acquired from Lab Services MSO
acquisition resulting from Lab Services MSO’s lower revenues and net incomes than anticipated and the decline in our stock price and market capitalization, impairment of
equity method investment - Epicon of approximately $455,000 due to Epicon’s series of operating losses and the joint venture partner unable to obtain funds to commence
operations, and amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount of approximately $544,000 resulting from our outstanding convertible note payable and note payable, and
the changes in operating assets and liabilities, primarily consisting of an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables – related parties of approximately $106,000 driven by
the increased accrued interest for related party.
Net cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $7,037,224, which primarily reflected our consolidated net loss of approximately
$11,931,000, and the non-cash item adjustment consisting of change in fair market value of derivative liability of approximately $601,000, and the changes in operating assets
and liabilities, primarily consisting of a decrease in operating lease obligation of approximately $142,000, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables of
approximately $331,000, an increase in accrued liabilities and other payables – related parties of approximately $80,000, and the non-cash items adjustment primarily
consisting of depreciation of approximately $331,000, amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset of approximately $136,000, stock-based compensation and service
expense of approximately $1,107,000, amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount of approximately $3,311,000 mainly resulting from the conversion of convertible
debt in July 2022, and conversion inducement expense of approximately $344,000 resulted from the reduction in the conversion price.
We expect our cash used in operating activities to increase due to the following:
● the development and commercialization of new products;
● an increase in professional staff and services; and
● an increase in public relations and/or sales promotions for existing and/or new brands as we expand within existing markets or enter new markets.
Net cash flow used in investing activities was $22,159 for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $9,053,470 for the year ended December 31, 2022. During the
year ended December 31, 2023, we made payment for purchase of property and equipment of approximately $22,000. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we made
payments for purchase of property and equipment of approximately $2,000 and made additional investment in Epicon equity method investment of approximately $52,000 and
made payments for acquisition of 40% interest in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC of approximately $9,000,000.
Net cash flow provided by financing activities was $4,825,337 for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $17,263,989 for the year ended December 31, 2022.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we received proceeds from related party borrowings of $850,000, and net proceeds from issuance of convertible debt and warrants
of approximately $2,238,000 (net of original issue discount of $135,000 and cash paid for convertible note issuance costs of approximately $327,000), and net proceeds from
issuance of balloon promissory note of approximately $936,000 (net of cash paid for promissory note issuance costs of approximately $64,000), and net proceeds from equity
offering of approximately $616,000 (net of cash paid for commission and other offering costs of approximately $19,000), and advance from sale of noncontrolling interest in
subsidiary of approximately $486,000, offset by repayments made for convertible debt of $300,000. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we received proceeds from
related party borrowings of $100,000, and proceeds from issuance of convertible debt and warrants of approximately $3,719,000, and net proceeds from issuance of balloon
promissory note of approximately $4,534,000 (net of cash paid for debt issuance costs of approximately $266,000), and net proceeds from equity offering of approximately
$712,000 (net of cash paid for commission and other offering costs of approximately $24,000), and proceeds from issuance of Series A Preferred Stock of $9,000,000 to fund
our working capital needs and equity interest purchase, offset by repayments made for note payable – related party of $390,000 and repayments made for loan payable – related
party of $410,000.
54
The following trends are reasonably likely to result in a material decrease in our liquidity over the near to long term:
● an increase in working capital requirements to finance our current business;
● the use of capital for acquisitions and the development of business opportunities; and
● the cost of being a public company.
August 2019 Credit Facility
In the third quarter of 2019, we had secured a $20 million credit facility (Line of Credit) provided by our Chairman, Wenzhao Lu. The unsecured credit facility bears interest at
a rate of 5% and provides for maturity on drawn loans 36 months after funding. As of December 31, 2023, we used approximately $6.8 million of the credit facility and have
approximately $13.2 million remaining available under the Line Credit.
ATM
In June 2023, we entered into a sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Roth”) under which we may offer and sell from time to time shares
of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $3.5 million. From July 1, 2023 to March 29, 2024, Roth has sold an aggregate of 456,627 shares of our
common stock at an average price of $1.39 per share to investors. We received net cash proceeds of $616,259, net of cash paid for sales agent’s commission and other fees of
$19,132.
Balloon Mortgage Note
In May 2023, we, through Avalon RT 9, executed a balloon mortgage note in favor of a lender (the “Lender”) in the original principal amount of $1,000,000 (the “Balloon
Mortgage Note”). The Balloon Mortgage Note accrues interest at the annual rate of 13.0% and is paid in monthly installments of interest-only in the amount of $10,833
commencing in June 2023 and continuing through October 2025 (at which point any unpaid balance of principal, interest and other charges become due and payable). The
Balloon Mortgage Note is secured by a second-lien mortgage on our real property in Monmouth County, New Jersey, In addition, we and Avalon RT 9 executed a guaranty
related to the Balloon Mortgage Note.
May 2023 Convertible Note Financing
In May 2023, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain lenders (the “May 2023 Lenders”) and closed on the issuance of a 13.0% senior secured convertible
promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $1,500,000 (the “May 2023 Note”), as well as the issuance of 75,000 shares of our common stock as a commitment fee
and warrants for the purchase of up to 230,000 shares of our common stock. We and our subsidiaries also entered into a security agreement in connection with the May 2023
Note, creating a security interest in certain property of the Company and its subsidiaries to secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of our
obligations under the May 2023 Note. The May 2023 Lenders acquired the May 2023 Note for $1,425,000 after an original issue discount of $75,000. The May 2023 Note
matures on May 23, 2024 and accrues interest at a rate of 13.0% per annum. The May 2023 Note contains certain negative covenants. If the May 2023 Note is accelerated
following the occurrence of an event of default as described in such note, we are required to pay 120% of the principal and interest outstanding under the May 2023 Note. The
principal amount and interest under the May 2023 Note is convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $4.50 per share, unless we fail to make an
amortization payment when due in accordance with the terms of the May 2023 Note, in which case the conversion price shall be the lower of (i) $4.50 or (ii) 85% of the lowest
VWAP of our common stock on any trading day during the five (5) trading days prior to the respective conversion date, subject to a floor of $1.50 per share. The warrants are
comprised of (i) a warrant to purchase 125,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $4.50 and exercisable until May 23, 2028 and (ii) a warrant to purchase
105,500 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $3.20 and exercisable until May 23, 2028 (which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished upon the payment of
the May 2023 Note). The conversion price of the May 2023 Note and the exercise price of the warrants issued thereunder contain certain price protection anti-dilution
adjustments if an event of default occurs under the May 2023 Note.
55
July 2023 Convertible Note Financing
In July 2023, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain lenders (the “July 2023 Lenders”) and closed on the issuance of a 13.0% senior secured convertible
promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $500,000 (the “July 2023 Note”), as well as the issuance of 25,000 shares of our common stock as a commitment fee and
warrants for the purchase of up to 76,830 shares of our common stock. We and our subsidiaries also entered into a security agreement in connection with the July 2023 Note,
creating a security interest in certain property of the Company and its subsidiaries to secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of our obligations
under the July 2023 Note. The July 2023 Lenders acquired the July 2023 Note for $475,000 after an original issue discount of $25,000. The July 2023 Note matures on July 6,
2024 and accrues interest at a rate of 13.0% per annum. The July 2023 Note contains certain negative covenants. If the July 2023 Note is accelerated following the occurrence
of an event of default as described in such note, we are required to pay 120% of the principal and interest outstanding under the July 2023 Note. The principal amount and
interest under the July 2023 Note is convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $4.50 per share, unless we fail to make an amortization payment when
due which commences in January 2024 in accordance with the terms of the July 2023 Note, in which case the conversion price shall be the lower of (i) $4.50 or (ii) 85% of the
lowest VWAP of our common stock on any trading day during the five (5) trading days prior to the respective conversion date, subject to a floor of $1.50 per share. The
warrants are comprised of (i) a warrant to purchase 41,665 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $4.50 and exercisable until July 6, 2028 and (ii) a warrant to
purchase 35,165 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $3.20 and exercisable until July 6, 2028 (which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished upon the
payment of the July 2023 Notes). The conversion price of the July 2023 Note and the exercise price of the warrants issued thereunder contain certain price protection anti-
dilution adjustments if an event of default occurs under the July 2023 Notes.
October 2023 Convertible Note Financing
In October 2023, we entered into securities purchase agreements with certain lenders (the “October 2023 Lenders”) and closed on the issuance of 13.0% senior secured
convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $700,000 (the “October 2023 Note”), as well as the issuance of 70,000 shares of our common stock as a
commitment fee and warrants for the purchase of up to 105,000 shares of our common stock. We and our subsidiaries also entered into security agreements in connection with
the October 2023 Note, creating a security interest in certain property of the Company and its subsidiaries to secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of
all of our obligations under the October 2023 Note. The October 2023 Lenders acquired the October 2023 Note for $665,000 after an original issue discount of $35,000. The
October 2023 Note matures on October 9, 2024 and accrues interest at a rate of 13.0% per annum. The October 2023 Note contains certain negative covenants. If the October
2023 Note is accelerated following the occurrence of an event of default as described in such note, we are required to pay 120% of the principal and interest outstanding under
the October 2023 Note. The principal amount and interest under the October 2023 Note is convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $1.50 per share,
unless we fail to make an amortization payment when due which commences in April 2024 in accordance with the terms of the October 2023 Note, in which case the
conversion price shall be the lower of (i) $1.50 or (ii) 85% of the lowest VWAP of our common stock on any trading day during the five (5) trading days prior to the respective
conversion date. The warrants are comprised of (i) a warrant to purchase 105,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.50 and exercisable until October 9,
2028 and (ii) a warrant to purchase 87,500 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.80 and exercisable until October 9, 2028 and which warrant shall be cancelled
and extinguished upon the payment of the October 2023 Note. The conversion price of the October 2023 Note and the exercise price of the warrants issued thereunder contain
certain price protection anti-dilution adjustments if an event of default occurs under the October 2023 Note.
March 2024 Convertible Note Financing
In March 2024, we entered into security purchase agreement with a lender (the “March 2024 Lender”) and closed on the issuance of 13.0% senior secured convertible
promissory note in the principal amount of $700,000 (the “March 2024 Note”), as well as the issuance of 105,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee and warrants
for the purchase of up to 252,404 shares of our common stock. We and our subsidiaries also entered into security agreements in connection with the March 2024 Note, creating
a security interest in certain property of the Company and its subsidiaries to secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of our obligations under the
March 2024 Note.
56
We estimate that based on current plans and assumptions, that our available cash will be insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements under our present operating expectations
through cash flow provided by operations, and cash available under our ATM and lending facilities and sales of equity. Other than funds received as described above and cash
resource generating from our operations, we presently have no other significant alternative source of working capital. We have used these funds to fund our operating expenses,
pay our obligations and grow our company. We will need to raise significant additional capital to fund our operations and to provide working capital for our ongoing operations
and obligations. Therefore, our future operation is dependent on our ability to secure additional financing. Financing transactions may include the issuance of equity or debt
securities, obtaining credit facilities, or other financing mechanisms. However, the trading price of our common stock and a downturn in the U.S. equity and debt markets could
make it more difficult to obtain financing through the issuance of equity or debt securities. Even if we are able to raise the funds required, it is possible that we could incur
unexpected costs and expenses or experience unexpected cash requirements that would force us to seek alternative financing. Furthermore, if we issue additional equity or debt
securities, stockholders may experience additional dilution or the new equity securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing holders of our
common stock. The inability to obtain additional capital may restrict our ability to grow and may reduce our ability to continue to conduct business operations. If we are unable
to obtain additional financing, we will be required to cease our operations. To date, we have not considered this alternative, nor do we view it as a likely occurrence.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
We presently do not have off-balance sheet arrangements.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
In November of 2022, we decided to cease all operations in China with the exception of a small administrative office, Avalon Shanghai. We do not expect nor do we plan that
there will be further revenue generated from PRC operations in the foreseeable future. Thus, exchange rate fluctuations between the RMB and the US dollar do not have a
material effect on us. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had an unrealized foreign currency translation loss of approximately $19,000 and $48,000,
respectively, because of changes in the exchange rate.
Inflation
The effect of inflation on our revenue and operating results was not significant.
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements begin on page F-1.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that material information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports filed under the Exchange
Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and to ensure that such information is accumulated and
communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding
required disclosure. We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the principal executive officer and the
principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13(a)-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as
of the end of the period covered by this report. Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only
reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and
procedures. During evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2023, conducted as part of our annual audit and preparation of our annual financial
statements, our management, including our CEO and CFO, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operations of our disclosure controls and procedures
and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the reasons set forth below.
57
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements included in this report. The financial statements have been prepared in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and reflect management’s judgment and estimates concerning effects of events and
transactions that are accounted for or disclosed.
Management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those
policies and procedures that pertain to our ability to record, process, summarize and report reliable data. Management recognizes that there are inherent limitations in the
effectiveness of any internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of internal control. Accordingly, even
effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement presentation. Further, because of changes in
conditions, the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting may vary over time.
Management regularly assesses our internal control over financial reporting and did so most recently for our financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. This assessment was
based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in the Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective
as of December 31, 2023, due to the lack of segregation of duties resulting from our small size and inability to perform an effective test of the operating effectiveness of the
controls, including the oversight of our financial statement close process. As a result of our Lab Services MSO transaction in February 2023, we retained additional accounting
staff and hired a Controller that works part-time for Lab Services MSO and part-time for the Company. We hope to be able to utilize the Controller going forward to enhance
the segregation of duties. In addition, the Company has transitioned all email servers to the United States to enhance this aspect of internal controls.
In light of the material weaknesses described above, we performed additional analyses and procedures in order to conclude that our consolidated financial statements for the
year ended December 31, 2023 included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K were fairly stated in accordance with US GAAP. Accordingly, management believes that despite
the material weakness identified in our internal control over financial reporting, our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 are fairly stated, in
all material respects, in accordance with US GAAP.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Other than those described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act,
during the quarter ended December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report by our independent registered public accounting firm, regarding internal control over financial
reporting. As a smaller reporting company, our internal control over financial reporting was not subject to audit by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant
to rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
(a) We issued 105,000 shares of our common stock as a commitment fee and warrants for the purchase of up to 252,404 shares of our common stock in connection with the
issuance of the March 2024 Note to the March 2024 Lender.
(b) During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, none of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading
arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.
Not applicable.
58
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Directors and Executive Officers
PART III
Below are the names of and certain information regarding our executive officers and directors as of the date hereof:
Name
Wenzhao Lu
David Jin, MD, PhD
Meng Li
Luisa Ingargiola
Steven A. Sanders
Lourdes Felix
Wilbert J. Tauzin II
William B. Stilley, III
Tevi Troy
Age
66
56
46
56
78
56
80
56
56
Position
Chairman of the Board of Directors
Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
Chief Operating Officer and Secretary
Chief Financial Officer
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Officers are elected annually by the Board (subject to the terms of any employment agreement), at our annual meeting, to hold such office until an officer’s successor has been
duly appointed and qualified, unless an officer sooner dies, resigns or is removed by the Board.
The principal occupation and business experience during at least the past five years for our executive officers and directors is as follows:
Wenzhao Lu, Chairman of the Board of Directors
Mr. Wenzhao Lu has served as our Chairman of the Board since October 10, 2016. He is a seasoned healthcare entrepreneur with extensive operational knowledge and
experience in the US & Asia. He has served as Chairman of the board of directors of the Daopei Medical Group, or DPMG, since 2010 to December, 2021. Under his
leadership, DPMG operates three top-ranked private hospitals (located in Beijing and Hebei), specialty hematology laboratories, and a hematology research institute, with more
than 100 partnering and collaborating hospitals in China. DPMG was founded by Professor Daopei Lu, a renowned hematologist pioneering in hematopoietic stem cell
transplant and a member of the Academy of Engineering in China. Mr. Lu received a Bachelor of Arts from Temple University Tyler School of Arts in 1988 and subsequently
worked as senior Art Director at Ogilvy & Mather Advertising Company. Prior to joining DPMG, in 2009, Mr. Lu served as Chief Operating Officer of BioTime Asia Limited,
a subsidiary of BioTime, Inc. (NYSE American: BTX). Mr. Lu is qualified to serve as a director because of his extensive operational knowledge of, and executive level
management experience in, the healthcare industry.
David Jin, Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
Dr. David Jin, MD, PhD, has served as our Chief Executive Officer, President and as a member of our Board since September 14, 2016. From 2009 to 2017, Dr. Jin served as
the Chief Medical Officer of BioTime, Inc. (NYSE American: BTX), a clinical stage regenerative medicine company with a focus on pluripotent stem cell technology. Dr. Jin
also acts as a senior translational clinician-scientist at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Ansary Stem Cell Center at Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell
University. Prior to his current endeavors, Dr. Jin was Chief Consultant/Advisor for various biotech/pharmaceutical companies regarding hematology, oncology,
immunotherapy and stem cell-based technology development. Dr. Jin has been Principle Investigator in more than 15 pre-clinical and clinical trials, as well as an author/co-
author of over 80 peer-reviewed scientific abstracts, articles, reviews, and book chapters. Dr. Jin studied medicine at SUNY Downstate College of Medicine in Brooklyn, New
York. He received his clinical training and subsequent faculty tenure at the New York-Presbyterian Hospital (the teaching hospital for both Cornell and Columbia Universities)
in the areas of internal medicine, hematology, and clinical oncology. Dr. Jin was honored as Top Chief Medical Officer by ExecRank in 2012, as well as recognized by Leading
Physicians of the World in 2015. Dr. Jin is qualified to serve as a director because of his role with us, and his extensive operational knowledge of, and executive level
management experience in, the healthcare industry.
59
Meng Li, Chief Operating Officer and Secretary
Ms. Meng Li has served as our Chief Operating Officer, Secretary since October 10, 2016 and served as a member of the Board from October 10, 2016 to July 9, 2018 and from
April 5, 2019 through December 30, 2022. Ms. Li has over 15 years of executive experience in international marketing, branding, communications, and media investment
consultancy. Ms. Li served as Managing Director at Maxus/GroupM (a WPP Group company) where she was responsible for business P&L and corporate management from
2006 to 2015. Prior to joining Maxus/Group M, Ms. Li worked for Zenith Media (a Publicis Group company) from 2000 to 2006 as Senior Manager. Ms. Li received a
Bachelor of Arts in International Economic Law from Dalian Maritime University in China.
Luisa Ingargiola, Chief Financial Officer
Luisa Ingargiola has served as our Chief Financial Officer since February 21, 2017. Ms. Ingargiola has significant experience serving as Chief Financial Officer or Audit Chair
for multiple Nasdaq and New York Stock Exchange companies. She currently serves as Director and Audit Chair for several public companies including ElectraMeccanica
(NASDAQ:SOLO), Dragonfly Energy (DFLI) and Vision Marine (VMAR). From 2007 through 2016, Ms. Ingargiola served as the Chief Financial Officer and then a member
of the board of directors at MagneGas Corporation (Nasdaq: MNGA). Prior to 2007, Ms. Ingargiola held various roles as Budget Director and Investment Analyst in several
private companies. Ms. Ingargiola graduated in 1989 from Boston University with a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and a concentration in Finance. In 1996, she
received her MBA in Health Administration from the University of South Florida. Ms. Ingargiola is qualified to serve as a Chief Financial Officer because of her extensive
knowledge corporate governance, regulatory requirements, executive leadership and knowledge of, and experience in, financing and M&A transactions.
Steven A. Sanders, Director
Steven A. Sanders has served as a member of the Board since July 30, 2018. Since January 2017, Mr. Sanders has been Of Counsel to the law firm of Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP.
From July 2007 until January 2017, Mr. Sanders was a Senior Partner at Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP. From January 1, 2004 until June 30, 2007, he was Of Counsel to the law firm of
Rubin, Bailin, Ortoli, LLP. From January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2003, he was Counsel at the law firm of Spitzer & Feldman PC. Mr. Sanders also serves as a member of the
boards of directors of Helijet International, Inc. and Electrameccanica Vehicles Corp. (NASDAQ:SOLO). Additionally, since October 2013, he has been a member of the board
of directors at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, and, since February 2015, has been a member of the board of directors of the Bay Street Theater. Mr. Sanders received
his JD from Cornell University and his BBA from The City College of New York. Mr. Sanders is qualified to serve as a director because of his corporate, securities and
international law experience, including working with companies in the life sciences industry.
Lourdes Felix, Director
Lourdes Felix has served as a member of the Board since January 9, 2023. Ms. Felix is an entrepreneur and corporate finance executive with 30 years of combined experience
in capital markets, public accounting and in the private sector. She presently serves as Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and a member of the board of directors
of BioCorRx Inc, a company focused on addiction treatment solutions and related disorders. She has been with BioCorRx since October 2012. Ms. Felix is one of the founders
and President of BioCorRx Pharmaceuticals Inc., a majority owned subsidiary of BioCorRx Inc. Prior to joining BioCorRx, her experience was in the private sector and public
accounting. Ms. Felix has expertise in finance, accounting, company-wide operations, budgeting, and internal control principles including GAAP, SEC, and SOX Compliance.
She has thorough knowledge of federal and state regulations and has successfully managed and produced SEC regulatory filings. She also has extensive experience in
developing and managing financial operations. Ms. Felix holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from the University of Phoenix. She continued her education and is
an MBA candidate at D’Amore-McKim School of Business, Northeastern University. Ms. Felix is qualified to serve as a director because of her extensive investment and
executive level management experience.
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Wilbert J. Tauzin II, Director
Wilbert J. Tauzin II has served as a member of the Board since November 1, 2017. From December 2010 until March 1, 2014, Congressman Tauzin served as a Special
Legislative Counsel at Alston & Bird LLP. From December 2004 to June 2010, Congressman Tauzin was President and Chief Executive Officer of Pharmaceutical Research
and Manufacturers of America, a trade group that serves as one of the pharmaceutical industry’s top lobbying groups. He served 12.5 terms in the U.S. House of
Representatives, representing Louisiana’s 3rd Congressional District. From January 2001 through February 2004, Congressman Tauzin served as Chairman of the House
Committee on Energy and Commerce. He also served as a senior member of the House Resources Committee and Deputy Majority Whip. Prior to serving as a member of
Congress, Congressman Tauzin was a member of the Louisiana State Legislature, where he served as Chairman of the House Natural Resources Committee and Chief
Administration Floor Leader. He served as Lead Independent Director of LHC Group, a publicly traded provider of quality home health care, from 2005 to 2021 and retains the
role of Lead Independent Emeritus today. The Congressman also served on the board of directors of Entergy, a Fortune 500 company. In addition, the Congressman chartered a
Louisiana State Savings and Loan Association and Chaired its first board of directors. He received a Bachelor of Arts Degree from Nicholls State University and a Juris Doctor
degree from Louisiana State University. Congressman Tauzin is qualified to serve as a director because of his extensive knowledge of the pharmaceutical industry and his
experience as a director of several publicly traded and privately held companies.
William B. Stilley, III, Director
William B. Stilley has served as a member of the Board since July 5, 2018. Mr. Stilley has been the Chief Executive Officer of Adovate, LLC since January 2023. Previously,
he was Chief Executive Officer of Purnovate, Inc., a subsidiary of Adial Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Adial) from January 2021 until May 2023, and was Chief Executive Officer of
Adial from December 2010 until August 2022, and was a member of Adial’s board of directors from December 2010 until September 2023. From August 2008 until December
2010, he was the Vice President, Business Development and Strategic Projects at Clinical Data, Inc. Mr. Stilley was the COO and CFO of Adenosine Therapeutics, LLC until
the assets of Adenosine Therapeutics were acquired by Clinical Data, Inc. in August 2008. Mr. Stilley has advised both public and private companies on financing and M&A
transactions, has been the interim CFO of a public company, the interim Chief Business Officer and then Advisor for Diffusion Pharmaceuticals from September 2015 through
March 2018, the audit chair for public companies, and the COO and CFO of a number of private companies. Before entering the business community, Mr. Stilley served as
Captain in the U.S. Marine Corps. Mr. Stilley has an MBA with honors from the Darden School of Business and a B.S. in Commerce/Marketing from the McIntire School of
Commerce at the University of Virginia. He currently serves on the Advisory Board of Virginia BIO, the statewide biotechnology organization and has guest lectures as the
University School of Engineering. Mr. Stilley is qualified to serve as a director because of his extensive knowledge of the biotechnology industry, significant executive
leadership and operational experience, and knowledge of, and experience in, financing and M&A transactions.
Tevi Troy, Director
Tevi Troy has served as a member of the Board since June 4, 2018. Mr. Troy is a former Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dr. Troy is a
Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington. He was the founder and CEO of the American Health Policy Institute and a Senior Fellow at Hudson Institute. On
August 3, 2007, Dr. Troy was unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate as the Deputy Secretary of HHS. As Deputy Secretary, Dr. Troy was the chief operating officer of the
largest civilian department in the federal government, with a budget of $716 billion and over 67,000 employees. Dr. Troy has extensive White House experience, having served
in several high-level positions over a five-year period, culminating in his service as Deputy Assistant and then Acting Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy. Dr. Troy
has held high-level positions on Capitol Hill as well. From 1998 to 2000, Dr. Troy served as the Policy Director for Senator John Ashcroft. From 1996 to 1998, Dr. Troy was
Senior Domestic Policy Adviser and later Domestic Policy Director for the House Policy Committee, chaired by Christopher Cox. In addition to his senior level government
work and health care expertise, Dr. Troy is also a best-selling presidential historian and the author of five books, including, most recently, “Fight House: Rivalries in the White
House from Truman to Trump,” which the Wall Street Journal listed as one of the top political books of 2020. Dr. Troy’s many other affiliations include: contributing editor for
Washingtonian magazine; member of the publication committee of National Affairs; member of the Board of Fellows of the Jewish Policy Center; a Senior Fellow at the
Potomac Institute; and a member of the Bipartisan Commission on Biodefense. Dr. Troy has a B.S. in Industrial and Labor Relations from Cornell University and an M.A and
Ph.D. in American Civilization from the University of Texas at Austin. Dr. Troy is qualified to serve as a director because of his extensive knowledge of the healthcare industry
and his significant leadership experience.
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Board Composition
Our Board is currently composed of seven directors. Our directors hold office until their successors have been elected and qualified or until the earlier of their resignation or
removal.
We are subject to Nasdaq Board diversity rules and ensure our compliance with such rules. In addition, our priority in selection of board members is identification of members
who will further the interests of our stockholders through his or her established record of professional accomplishment, the ability to contribute positively to the collaborative
culture among board members, knowledge of our business and understanding of the competitive landscape.
A majority of the authorized number of directors constitutes a quorum of the Board for the transaction of business. However, any action required or permitted to be taken by the
Board may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board individually or collectively consent in writing to the action.
Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight
The positions of our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer are separated. Separating these positions allows our Chief Executive Officer to focus on our day-to-
day business, while allowing the Chairman of the Board to lead our Board in its fundamental role of providing advice to and independent oversight of management. Our Board
recognizes the time, effort and energy that the Chief Executive Officer must devote to his position in the current business environment, as well as the commitment required to
serve as our Chairman, particularly as our Board’s oversight responsibilities continue to grow. Our Board also believes that this structure ensures a greater role for the
independent directors in the oversight of our Company and active participation of the independent directors in setting agendas and establishing priorities and procedures for the
work of our Board. Our Board believes its administration of its risk oversight function has not affected its leadership structure.
Although our bylaws do not require our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions to be separate, our Board believes that having separate positions is the appropriate
leadership structure for us at this time and demonstrates our commitment to good corporate governance.
Risk is inherent with every business, and how well a business manages risk can ultimately determine its success. We face a number of risks, including those described under the
section entitled “Risk Factors” of this report. Our Board is actively involved in oversight of risks that could affect us. This oversight is conducted primarily by our full Board,
which has responsibility for general oversight of risks.
Our Board satisfies this responsibility through full reports by each committee chair regarding the committee’s considerations and actions, as well as through regular reports
directly from officers responsible for oversight of particular risks within our Company. Our Board believes that full and open communication between management and the
Board is essential for effective risk management and oversight.
Board of Director Meetings
The primary responsibility of the Board is to provide oversight, strategic guidance, counseling, and direction to our management team. Our Board meets on a regular basis and
additionally as required. Our Board met three times in 2023. Each of the directors attended at least 75% of the aggregate of (i) the total number of meetings of our Board (held
during the period for which such directors served on the Board) and (ii) the total number of meetings of all committees of our Board on which the director served (during the
periods for which the director served on such committee or committees). We do not have a formal policy requiring members of the Board to attend our annual meetings. Our
last annual meeting of stockholders was held on October 12, 2023. One of our directors serving at the time attended last year’s annual meeting.
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Director Independence
Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Under the rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market, independent directors must comprise a majority of our Board. In
addition, the rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market require that all the members of such committees be independent. Members of our Audit Committee, as defined below, must
also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. Compensation committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria
established by The Nasdaq Capital Market in accordance with Rule 10C-1 under the Exchange Act. Under the rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market, a director will only qualify
as an “independent director” if, among other qualifications, in the opinion of that company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere
with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.
The Board has reviewed its composition, the composition of its committees and the independence of each director. Based upon information requested from and provided by
each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, the Board has determined that Steven A. Sanders, Lourdes Felix,
William B. Stilley, III and Tevi Troy do not, respectively, have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities
of a director and that each of these directors is “independent” as that term is defined under the Rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market and the SEC.
In making this determination, our Board considered the relationships that each non-employee director has with our Company and all other facts and circumstances our Board
deemed relevant in determining their independence. We intend to comply with the other independence requirements for committees within the time periods specified above.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships among our directors or executive officers.
Board Committees
The Board has established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. Our Board may establish other committees to
facilitate the management of our business. The composition and functions of each committee named above are defined and described below. Members serve on these
committees until their resignation or until otherwise determined by our Board.
Audit Committee. We have a separately designated standing audit committee of the Board (the “Audit Committee”), established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the
Exchange Act. The Audit Committee consists of William Stilley, Steven Sanders and Tevi Troy, with Mr. Stilley serving as the Chair of the Audit Committee. The Board has
determined that each director currently serving on our Audit Committee is an “independent director” as defined by Nasdaq applicable to members of an audit committee and
Rule 10A-3(b)(i) under the Exchange Act. In addition, Mr. Stilley is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K and demonstrates
“financial sophistication” as defined by Nasdaq Rules. The Audit Committee is appointed by the Board to assist with monitoring (i) the integrity of our financial statements, (ii)
our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, and (iii) the independence and performance of our internal and external auditors.
The principal functions and responsibilities of the Audit Committee include:
● reviewing our annual audited financial statements with management and our independent auditors, including major issues regarding accounting and auditing principles
and practices and financial reporting that could significantly affect our financial statements;
● reviewing our quarterly financial statements with management and our independent auditor prior to the filing of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, including the
results of the independent auditors’ reviews of the quarterly financial statements;
● recommending to the Board the appointment of, and continued evaluation of the performance of, our independent auditor;
● approving and conducting a review of all related party transactions for potential conflict of interest situations on an ongoing basis;
● approving the fees to be paid to our independent auditor for audit services and approving the retention of our independent auditor for non-audit services and all fees for
such services;
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● reviewing periodic reports from our independent auditor regarding our auditor’s independence, including discussion of such reports with the auditor;
● reviewing the adequacy of our overall control environment, including internal financial controls and disclosure controls and procedures; and
● reviewing with our management and legal counsel legal matters that may have a material impact on our financial statements or our compliance policies and any
material reports or inquiries received from regulators or governmental agencies.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Audit Committee met four times. The Audit Committee is governed by a written charter, as adopted by the Board. A copy
of the Audit Committee Charter is posted under the “Investors” tab under “Corporate Governance” on our website, which is located at www.avalon-globocare.com.
Compensation Committee. The compensation committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”) consists of Lourdes Felix, Steven Sanders and Tevi Troy, with Ms.
Felix serving as the Chair of the Compensation Committee. The Board has determined that each member of the Compensation Committee is considered (i) an “independent
director” as defined by Nasdaq Rules applicable to members of a compensation committee; (ii) a “non-employee director” as defined in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the
Exchange Act; and (iii) an “outside director” as that term is defined in Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Compensation
Committee is responsible for establishing the compensation of our senior management, including salaries, bonuses, termination arrangements, and other executive officer
benefits as well as director compensation. The Compensation Committee also administers our equity incentive plans. The Compensation Committee works with the Chairman
of the Board and our Chief Executive Officer and reviews and approves compensation decisions regarding senior management, including compensation levels and equity
incentive awards. The Compensation Committee also approves employment and compensation agreements with our key personnel and directors. The Compensation Committee
has the power and authority to conduct or authorize studies, retain independent consultants, accountants or others, and obtain unrestricted access to management, our internal
auditors, human resources and accounting employees and all information relevant to its responsibilities.
The principal functions and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee include:
● reviewing and approving the Company’s compensation guidelines and structure;
● reviewing and approving, on an annual basis, the corporate goals and objectives with respect to compensation for the Chief Executive Officer;
● reviewing and approving, on an annual basis, the evaluation process and compensation structure for the Company’s other officers, including salary, bonus, incentive
and equity compensation;
● periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board regarding the compensation of non-management directors; and
● developing the executive compensation philosophy and reviewing and recommending to the Board for approval all compensation policies and compensation programs
for the executive team.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Compensation Committee did not meet. The Compensation Committee is governed by a written charter, as adopted by our
Board. A copy of the Compensation Committee Charter is posted under the “Investors” tab under “Corporate Governance” on our website, which is located at www.avalon-
globocare.com.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Steven Sanders, William Stilley and Tevi Troy, with
Mr. Sanders serving as the Chair of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our Board has determined that each member of the Nominating and Governance
Committee is an “independent director” as defined by Nasdaq Rules. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is generally responsible for recommending to our
full Board certain policies, procedures, and practices designed to ensure that our corporate governance policies, procedures, and practices continue to assist the Board and our
management in effectively and efficiently promoting the best interests of our stockholders. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is also responsible for
selecting and recommending for approval by our Board and our stockholders a slate of director nominees for election at each of our annual meetings of stockholders, and
otherwise for determining the board committee members and chairpersons, subject to ratification by our Board, as well as recommending to the Board director nominees to fill
vacancies or new positions on the Board or its committees that may occur or be created from time to time, all in accordance with our bylaws and applicable law.
64
In identifying independent candidates, with significant senior-level professional experience, to be nominated as potential members of our Board, the Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee solicits candidates from the Board, senior management and others, and may engage a search firm in the process. The Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee reviews and narrows the list of candidates and interviews potential nominees. The final candidate is also introduced and interviewed by the Board and
the lead director if one has been appointed. In general, in considering whether to recommend any particular candidate for inclusion in our Board’s slate of recommended
director nominees, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will apply the criteria set forth in our corporate governance guidelines. These criteria include the
candidate’s integrity, business acumen, commitment to understanding our business and industry, experience, conflicts of interest and the ability to act in the interests of our
stockholders. Further, specific consideration is given to, among other things, diversity of background and experience that a candidate would bring to our Board. The
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee does not assign specific weights to particular criteria and no particular criterion is a prerequisite for each prospective
nominee. We believe that the backgrounds and qualifications of our directors, considered as a group, should provide a composite mix of experience, knowledge and abilities
that will allow our Board to fulfill its responsibilities. Stockholders may recommend individuals to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee for consideration as
potential director candidates by submitting the names, together with appropriate biographical information and background materials to our Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considers recommendations from stockholders if submitted in a timely manner in accordance
with the procedures set forth in our bylaws and will apply the same criteria to all persons being considered.
The principal functions and responsibilities of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee include:
● developing and maintaining our corporate governance policy guidelines;
● developing and maintaining our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics;
● overseeing the interpretation and enforcement of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial and Accounting
Officers;
● evaluating the performance of our Board, its committees, and committee chairpersons and our directors; and
● selecting and recommending a slate of director nominees for election at each of our annual meetings of the stockholders and recommending to the Board director
nominees to fill vacancies or new positions on the Board or its committees that may occur from time to time.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met one time. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
is governed by a written charter approved by our Board. A copy of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter is posted under the “Investors” tab under
“Corporate Governance” on our website, which is located at www.avalon-globocare.com.
Stockholder nominations for directorships
Stockholders may recommend individuals to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee for consideration as potential director candidates by submitting their names
and background to the Secretary of the Company at the address set forth below under “Stockholder Communications” in accordance with the provisions set forth in our bylaws.
All such recommendations will be forwarded to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, which will review and only consider such recommendations if
appropriate biographical and other information is provided, including, but not limited to, the items listed below, on a timely basis. All security holder recommendations for
director candidates must be received by the Company in the timeframe(s) set forth under the heading “Stockholder Proposals” below.
● the name and address of record of the security holder;
● a representation that the security holder is a record holder of the Company’s securities, or if the security holder is not a record holder, evidence of ownership in
accordance with Rule 14a-8(b)(2) of the Exchange Act;
65
● the name, age, business and residential address, educational background, current principal occupation or employment, and principal occupation or employment for the
preceding five (5) full fiscal years of the proposed director candidate;
● a description of the qualifications and background of the proposed director candidate and a representation that the proposed director candidate meets applicable
independence requirements;
● a description of any arrangements or understandings between the security holder and the proposed director candidate; and
● the consent of the proposed director candidate to be named in the proxy statement relating to the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders and to serve as a director
if elected at such annual meeting.
Assuming that appropriate information is provided for candidates recommended by stockholders, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will evaluate those
candidates by following substantially the same process, and applying substantially the same criteria, as for candidates submitted by members of the Board or other persons, as
described above and as set forth in its written charter.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or
more executive officers on our board of directors or compensation committee.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a written Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our employees, officers and directors. A copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is
posted under the “Investors” tab under “Corporate Governance” in our website, which is located at www.avalon-globocare.com. We intend to disclose future amendments to
certain provisions of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, or waivers of such provisions applicable to any principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal
accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, and our directors, on our website identified above or in filings with the SEC.
Anti-Hedging Policy
Under the terms of our insider trading policy, we prohibit each officer, director and employee, and each of their family members and controlled entities, from engaging in
certain forms of hedging or monetization transactions. Such transactions include those, such as zero-cost collars and forward sale contracts, that would allow them to lock in
much of the value of their stock holdings, often in exchange for all or part of the potential for upside appreciation in the stock, and to continue to own the covered securities but
without the full risks and rewards of ownership.
Limitation of Directors Liability and Indemnification
The Delaware General Corporation Law authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate, subject to certain conditions, the personal liability of directors to corporations and their
stockholders for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties. Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) limits the
liability of our directors to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and officers
whereby we have agreed to indemnify those directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, including indemnification against expenses and liabilities incurred in
legal proceedings to which the director or officer was, or is threatened to be made, a party by reason of the fact that such director or officer is or was a director, officer,
employee or agent of the Company, provided that such director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner that the director or officer reasonably believed to be in, or not
opposed to, the best interests of the Company.
We have director and officer liability insurance to cover liabilities our directors and officers may incur in connection with their services to us, including matters arising under
the Securities Act. Our Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws also provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers who, by reason of the fact that he or she is one of
our officers or directors, is involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative related to their board role with us.
There is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers, employees or agents in which indemnification will be required or permitted. We are not
aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding that may result in a claim for such indemnification.
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Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors and executive, officers, and persons who are beneficial owners of more than 10% of a registered class of our equity
securities, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. These persons are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a)
forms they file.
Based solely upon our review of copies of Forms 3, 4 and 5 furnished to us, we believe that all of our directors, executive officers and any other applicable stockholders timely
filed all reports required by Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, except for the following: (i) we filed a Form 3 for Lourdes
Felix on March 7, 2023, covering a transaction that required a Form 4 filing due on January 11, 2023; (ii) we filed a Form 4 for Tevi Troy on March 8, 2023, covering a
transaction that required a Form 4 filing due on January 5, 2021; (iii) we filed a Form 4 for William Stilley on March 8, 2023, covering a transaction that required a Form 4
filing due on January 5, 2021; (iv) we filed a Form 4 for William B. Stilley, III on March 8, 2023, covering a transaction that required a Form 4 filing due on January 5, 2021;
(v) we filed a Form 4 for Steven A. Sanders on March 9, 2023, covering a transaction that required a Form 4 filing due on January 5, 2021; and (vi) we filed a Form 4 for
Wilbert J. Tauzin II on March 9, 2023, covering a transaction that required a Form 4 filing due on January 5, 2021.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Executive Officers’ Compensation
We are currently a “smaller reporting company” and as such, we have opted to comply with the scaled down disclosure rules applicable to a “smaller reporting company,” as
such term is defined in the rules promulgated under the Securities Act, which require compensation disclosure for (i) our principal executive officer, (ii) our two most highly
compensated executive officers, other than the principal executive officer, whose total compensation for 2023 exceeded $100,000 and who were serving as executive officers as
of December 31, 2023, and (iii) up to two additional individuals for whom disclosure would have been provided pursuant to the foregoing clause (ii) but for the fact that the
individual was not serving as an executive officer as of December 31, 2023. We refer to these individuals as “named executive officers.” Our named executive officers for the
year ended December 31, 2023 were:
Summary Compensation Table
Nonqualified
Nonequity
deferred
Stock
Option
incentive plan
compensation
All other
Name and principal position
Dr. David Jin
CEO
Luisa Ingargiola
CFO
Meng Li
COO
Employment Agreements
David Jin
Year
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
Salary
($)
330,000
360,000
350,000
350,000
280,244
340,000
awards
($)
-
Awards
($)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
compensation
($)
earnings
($)
compensation
($)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total
($)
330,000
360,000
350,000
350,000
280,244
340,000
On December 1, 2016, the Company entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with David Jin, the Company’s CEO and President. Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Jin
was employed as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, which agreement had a term initially through November 30, 2017 unless earlier terminated pursuant to
the terms of the agreement. On February 20, 2020, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement with Dr. Jin pursuant to which the term of Dr. Jin’s Executive Employment
Agreement was extended an additional three years. During the term of the agreement, Dr. Jin is entitled to a base salary and will be eligible for a discretionary performance
bonus, equity awards and to participate in employee benefits plans as the Company may institute from time to time at the discretion of the Board.
On January 3, 2019, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement with Dr. Jin, pursuant to which his annual base salary set forth in his employment agreement was increased
to $360,000, effective January 1, 2019. Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Jin may be terminated for “cause” as defined and Mr. Jin may resign for “good reason” as defined. In the
event Mr. Jin is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason, the Company will be required to pay Mr. Jin all accrued salary and bonuses, reimbursement for all
business expenses and Mr. Jin’s salary for one year. In the event Mr. Jin is terminated with cause, resigns without good reason, dies or is disabled, the Company will be required
to pay Mr. Jin all accrued salary and bonuses and reimbursement for all business expenses. Under the agreement Mr. Jin is subject to confidentiality, non-compete and non-
solicitation restrictions. This agreement has not been extended, however Dr. Jin is continuing his employment with the Company at will and otherwise under the same terms
and conditions, except that Dr. Jin agreed to a salary reduction as set forth in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2023 as part of the Company’s cost reduction
measures.
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Luisa Ingargiola
On February 21, 2017, Ms. Ingargiola and the Company entered into an Executive Retention Agreement effective February 9, 2017, pursuant to which Ms. Ingargiola agreed to
serve as Chief Financial Officer in consideration of an annual salary. On January 3, 2019, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement with Ms. Ingargiola, pursuant to which
her annual base salary set forth in her employment agreement was increased to $350,000 effective January 1, 2019.
The employment of Ms. Ingargiola is at will and may be terminated at any time, with or without formal cause. Pursuant to the terms of Executive Retention Agreement with
Ms. Ingargiola, the Company has agreed to provide specified severance and bonus amounts and to accelerate the vesting on her equity awards upon termination upon a change
of control or an involuntary termination, as each term is defined in the agreements.
In the event of a termination upon a change of control, Ms. Ingargiola is entitled to receive an amount equal to 12 months of her base salary and the target bonus then in effect
for the executive officer for the year in which such termination occurs, such bonus payment to be pro-rated to reflect the full number of months the executive remained in the
Company’s employ. In addition, the vesting on any stock option held by the executive officer will be accelerated in full. At the election of the executive officer, the Company
will also continue to provide health related employee insurance coverage for twelve months, at the Company’s expense.
In the event of an involuntary termination, Ms. Ingargiola is entitled to receive an amount equal to six months of her base salary and the target bonus then in effect for the
executive officer for the six months in which such termination occurs, such bonus payment to be pro-rated to reflect the full number of months the executive remained in the
Company’s employ. Such payment will be increased to 12 months upon the one-year anniversary of the retention agreement. In addition, the vesting on any stock option held
by the executive officer will be accelerated in full. At the election of the executive officer, the Company will also continue to provide health related employee insurance
coverage for twelve months, at the Company’s expense.
Meng Li
On January 11, 2017, Avalon Shanghai entered into an Executive Employment Agreement with Meng Li, the Company’s COO and Secretary. Pursuant to the agreement, Ms. Li
was employed as Chief Operating Officer and President of Avalon Shanghai initially through November 30, 2019, unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms of the
agreement. On February 20, 2020, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement with Meng Li pursuant to which the term of Ms. Li’s Executive Employment Agreement
entered between the Company’s subsidiary and Ms. Li dated January 11, 2017 was extended an additional three years.
During the term of the agreement, Ms. Li is entitled to a base salary and will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus, equity awards and to participate in employee
benefits plans as the Avalon Shanghai may institute from time to time at the discretion of its Board of Directors. On January 3, 2019, the Company entered into a Letter
Agreement with Ms. Li, pursuant to which her annual base salary set forth in her employment agreement was increased to $340,000 effective January 1, 2019, except that Ms.
Li agreed to a salary reduction as set forth in the table above for the year ended December 31, 2023 as part of the Company’s cost reduction measures. Pursuant to the
agreement, Ms. Li may be terminated for “cause” as defined and Ms. Li may resign for “good reason” as defined. In the event Ms. Li is terminated without cause or resigns for
good reason, Avalon Shanghai will be required to pay Ms. Li all accrued salary and bonuses, reimbursement for all business expenses and Ms. Li’s salary for one year. In the
event Ms. Li is terminated with cause, resigns without good reason, dies or is disabled, Avalon Shanghai will be required to pay Ms. Li all accrued salary and bonuses and
reimbursement for all business expenses. Under the agreement Ms. Li is subject to confidentiality, non-compete and non-solicitation restrictions.
Option Exercises and Stock Vested
There were no options exercised by our executive officers or stock vested to our executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2023.
68
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End
The following table sets forth information with respect to the outstanding equity awards of our principal executive officers and principal financial officer during 2023, and each
person who served as an executive officer of the Company as of December 31, 2023:
Option Awards
Stock Awards
Outstanding Equity Awards
Equity
incentive
Equity
plan
incentive
awards:
plan
Market or
Equity
incentive
plan
Market
awards:
payout
value of
Number of
value of
Number of
shares or
unearned
unearned
Number of
Number of
awards:
shares
units of
shares,
shares,
securities
securities
Number of
underlying
underlying
securities
unexercised
unexercised
underlying
Options
or units
of stock
that
options
options
unexercised
exercise
Option
have not
stock
that
have
not
units or
units or
other
rights
other
rights
that have
that have
Exercisable
Unexercisable
options
price
expiration
vested
vested
not vested
not vested
(#)
200,000
40,000
15,000
40,000
15,000
30,000
(#)
-
-
-
-
-
-
(#)
200,000
40,000
15,000
40,000
15,000
30,000
($)
Date
(#)
($)
(#)
($)
5.0
2/8/2027
15.2 2/18/2030
20.0
1/2/2024
15.2 2/18/2030
1/2/2024
20.0
15.2 2/18/2030
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Name and principal
position
Luisa Ingargiola,
CFO
David Jin,
CEO
Meng Li,
COO
No Pension Benefits
The Company does not maintain any plan that provides for payments or other benefits to its executive officers at, following or in connection with retirement and including,
without limitation, any tax-qualified defined benefit plans or supplemental executive retirement plans.
No Nonqualified Deferred Compensation
The Company does not maintain any defined contribution or other plan that provides for the deferral of compensation on a basis that is not tax-qualified.
Director Compensation
The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation earned or paid to certain of our non-employee directors during the fiscal year ended December 31,
2023:
Change in
Pension Value
and Non-
Qualified
Deferred
Non-equity
Stock
Option
Incentive Plan
All Other
Compensation
Awards
Awards
Compensation
Compensation
Fees
Earned or Paid
in
Cash
$
Name
Wilbert Tauzin (1)
Wenzhao Lu
David Jin
Lourdes Felix (2)
Steven Sanders (3)
Tevi Troy (4)
$
$
$
-
100,000
-
68,488
70,000
60,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
38,052
-
-
23,268
33,665
33,665
Earnings
$
$
Total
$
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
38,052
100,000
-
91,756
103,665
93,665
William Stilley (5)
70,000
-
33,665
-
-
-
103,665
(1) Mr. Tauzin’s 2023 compensation consisted of 20,000 options vested and valued at $38,052.
(2) Ms. Felix’s 2023 compensation consisted of cash of $68,488 and 7,803 stock options vested and valued at $23,268.
(3) Mr. Sanders’s 2023 compensation consisted of cash of $70,000 and 8,000 options vested and valued at $33,665.
(4) Mr. Troy’s 2023 compensation consisted of cash of $60,000 and 8,000 options vested and valued at $33,665.
(5) Mr. Stilley’s 2023 compensation consisted of cash of $70,000 and 8,000 options vested and valued at $33,665.
69
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Amended and Restated 2020 Stock Incentive Plan
On August 29, 2023, the Board adopted the Avalon GloboCare Corp. Amended and Restated 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2020 Plan”), subject to
stockholder approval, which was received on December 19, 2023. The Amended and Restated 2020 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options that are intended to
qualify under Section 422 of the Code (“ISOs”), nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance-based
stock awards and performance-based cash awards. ISOs may be granted only to employees. All other awards may be granted to employees, including officers, and to the
Company’s non-employee directors, consultants and other advisors.
A total of 2,000,000 shares of our common stock were initially available under the Amended and Restated 2020 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of our common stock
reserved for issuance under the Amended and Restated 2020 Plan automatically increases on January 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2024, by 1% of the total number
of shares of our common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, or a lesser number of shares determined by our Board. On January 1, 2024, the
number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the Amended and Restated 2020 Plan was increased by an aggregate of 109,995 shares. As of March 29,
2024, a total of 2,109,995 shares of our common stock are available for issuance under the Amended and Restated 2020 Plan, including shares that are the subject of
outstanding awards as of such date.
Clawback/Recoupment. Awards granted under the Amended and Restated 2020 Plan will be subject to the requirement that the awards be forfeited or amounts repaid to the
Company after they have been distributed to the participant (i) to the extent set forth in an award agreement or (ii) to the extent covered by any clawback or recapture policy
adopted by the Company from time to time (including the Clawback Policy adopted by the Board on November 16, 2023), or any applicable laws that impose mandatory
forfeiture or recoupment, under circumstances set forth in such applicable laws.
Amendment, Termination. Our Board may at any time amend, suspend or terminate the Amended and Restated 2020 Plan for the purpose of satisfying the requirements of the
Code, or other applicable law or regulation or for any other legal purpose, provided that, without the consent of our stockholders, the Board may not (i) increase the number of
shares of our common stock available under the Amended and Restated 2020 Plan, (ii) change the group of individuals eligible to receive awards, or (iii) extend the term of the
Amended and Restated 2020 Plan.
2020 Incentive Stock Plan
On June 12, 2020, the Board adopted the Avalon GloboCare Corp. 2020 Incentive Stock Plan (the “2020 Plan”), subject to stockholder approval, which was received on August
4, 2020.
The general purpose of the 2020 Plan is to provide a means whereby eligible directors, officers, employees or consultants to the Company develop a sense of proprietorship and
personal involvement in our development and financial success, and to encourage them to devote their best efforts to our business, thereby advancing our interests and the
interests of our stockholders. We believe that the 2020 Plan advances the Company’s interests by enhancing our ability to (i) attract, retain and reward employees, officers,
directors and consultants who are in a position to make significant contributions to our success; (ii) encourage our employees, officers, directors and consultants to take into
account our long-term interests through ownership of our shares of our common stock; and (iii) to provide incentives for such persons to exert maximum efforts for our success.
The Board has reserved 500,000 shares of our common stock for issuance under the 2020 Plan, subject to customary adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends or similar
transactions. Under the 2020 Plan, awards may be made in the form of options to purchase shares of our common stock, as well as restricted shares of our common stock and
restricted stock units payable in shares of our common stock. Options may be granted which are intended to qualify as ISOs under Section 422 of the Code or which are not
intended to qualify as ISOs thereunder. However, ISOs may only be granted to employees. If any option granted under the 2020 Plan terminates without having been exercised
in full or if any award is forfeited, or if shares otherwise issuable are withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations, the number of shares of our common stock as to which
such option or award was forfeited or withheld will be available for future grants under the 2020 Plan.
The 2020 Plan is not a qualified deferred compensation plan under Section 401(a) of the Code and is not subject to the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security
Act of 1974.
70
2019 Incentive Stock Plan
On June 7, 2019, the Board adopted the Avalon GloboCare Corp. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan (the “2019 Plan”), subject to stockholder approval, which was received on August
6, 2019. There are 500,000 shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan, subject to customary adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends or similar
transactions. As of March 29, 2024, 93,200 shares remained available for issuance under the 2019 Plan.
The following table provides information with respect to our 2019 Plan, 2020 Plan, and Amended and Restated 2020 Plan under which equity compensation was authorized as
of December 31, 2023:
Number of
securities
remaining
available for
future
issuance
under
the 2019
Number of
securities
Weighted
Plan
to be
issued upon
exercise of
average
exercise
price of
and 2020
Plan
(excluding
outstanding
outstanding
securities
options,
warrants
options,
warrants
and rights
and rights
(a)
(b)
reflected
in column
(a))
(c)
—
372,403(1) $
406,800(3) $
—
779,203
$
—
4.94(2)
18.36(2)
—
12.36
127,597
93,200
—
220,797
Plan category
Equity compensation plan approved by security holders
Amended and Restated 2020 Plan (4)
2020 Plan
2019 Plan
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
Total
(1) Includes 324,803 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and 47,600 shares of our common stock issuable pursuant to outstanding
restricted stock units.
(2) The weighted average exercise price does not take into account the shares issuable pursuant to outstanding restricted stock units, which have no exercise price.
(3) Includes 402,000 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and 4,800 shares of our common stock issuable pursuant to outstanding
restricted stock units.
(4) No issuances have been made as of December 31, 2023 under the Amended and Restated 2020 Plan.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. In accordance with
SEC rules, shares of our common stock which may be acquired upon exercise of stock options or warrants which are currently exercisable or which become exercisable within
60 days of the date of the applicable table below are deemed beneficially owned by the holders of such options and warrants and are deemed outstanding for the purpose of
computing the percentage of ownership of such person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of ownership of any other person.
Subject to community property laws, where applicable, the persons or entities named in the tables below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our
common stock indicated as beneficially owned by them.
71
The following table sets forth certain information, as of March 29, 2024 with respect to the beneficial ownership of the outstanding common stock by (i) any holder of more
than five (5%) percent; (ii) each of our executive officers and directors; and (iii) our directors and executive officers as a group. The numbers below reflect a 1:10 reverse stock
split implemented on January 5, 2023. Except as otherwise indicated, each of the stockholders listed below has sole voting and investment power over the shares beneficially
owned.
Name of Beneficial Owner (1)
Wenzhao Lu* (3)
David Jin, MD, PhD* (4)
Meng Li* (5)
Luisa Ingargiola* (6)
Steven A. Sanders* (7)
Wilbert J. Tauzin II* (8)
William B. Stilley III* (9)
Tevi Troy* (10)
Lourdes Felix* (11)
All officers and directors as a group (9 persons)
Shareholder owning 5% or more:
FSUNSHINE TRADING PTE LTD (12)
* Officer and/or director of our Company.
** Less than 1.0%.
Common
Stock
Percentage
Beneficially
of Common
Owned
Stock (2)
3,583,788
1,585,000
545,000
240,000
34,000
65,000
34,000
34,000
9,803
6,130,591
697,610
32.3%
14.2%
4.9%
2.1%
**
**
**
**
**
55.1%
6.2%
(1) Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner is c/o Avalon GloboCare Corp., 4400 Route 9 South, Suite 3100, Freehold, New Jersey 07728.
(2) Applicable percentage ownership is based on 11,104,534 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 29, 2024, together with securities exercisable or convertible
into shares of our common stock within 60 days of March 29, 2024 for each stockholder. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and
generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of common stock that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of March 29,
2024 are deemed to be beneficially owned by the person holding such securities for the purpose of computing the percentage of ownership of such person, but are not
treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
(3) Wenzhao Lu holds 3,583,788 shares of our common stock.
(4) David Jin holds (i) 1,545,000 shares of our common stock and (ii) 40,000 vested options to acquire 40,000 shares of our common stock.
(5) Meng Li holds (i) 515,000 shares of our common stock and (ii) 30,000 vested options to acquire 30,000 shares of our common stock.
72
(6) Represents 240,000 vested options to acquire 240,000 shares of our common stock.
(7) Represents stock option to acquire 34,000 shares of our common stock, 32,000 of which have been vested and 2,000 of which will be vested within 60 days.
(8) Represents stock option to acquire 65,000 shares of our common stock, 64,000 of which have been vested and 1,000 of which will be vested within 60 days.
(9) Represents stock option to acquire 34,000 shares of our common stock, 32,000 of which have been vested and 2,000 of which will be vested within 60 days.
(10) Represents stock option to acquire 34,000 shares of our common stock, 32,000 of which have been vested and 2,000 of which will be vested within 60 days.
(11) Represents stock option to acquire 9,803 shares of our common stock, 7,803 of which have been vested and 2,000 of which will be vested within 60 days.
(12) FSUNSHINE TRADING PTE LTD holds (i) 573,646 shares of our common stock and (ii) 123,964 vested options to acquire 123,964 shares of our common stock.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Other than compensation arrangements for our named executive officers and directors, we describe below each transaction or series of similar transactions, since January 1,
2022 to which we were a party or will be a party, in which:
● the amounts involved exceeded or will exceed the lesser of (i) $120,000 or (ii) 1% of the average total assets of the Company at year end for the last two completed
fiscal years; and
● any of our directors, executive officers, promoters or holders of more than 5% of our capital stock, or any member of the immediate family of the foregoing persons,
had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.
Compensation arrangements for our named executive officers and directors are described in the section entitled “Executive Compensation.”
Rental Revenue from Related Party and Rent Receivable – Related Party
The Company leases part of its commercial real property located in New Jersey to D.P. Capital Investments LLC, a company controlled by Wenzhao Lu, the Company’s largest
shareholder and chairman of the Board. The term of the related party lease agreement is five years commencing on May 1, 2021 and will expire on April 30, 2026.
For both the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related party rental revenue amounted to $50,400 and has been included in rental revenue on the accompanying
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related party rent receivable totaled $124,500 and $74,100, respectively, which has been included in rent receivable on the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets, and no allowance for doubtful accounts was deemed to be required on the receivable.
Services Provided by Related Party
From time to time, Wilbert Tauzin, a director of the Company, and his son provide consulting services to the Company. As compensation for professional services provided, the
Company recognized consulting expenses of $86,528 and $144,064 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which have been included in professional
fees on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
73
Accrued Liabilities and Other Payables – Related Parties
In 2017, the Company acquired Beijing Genexosome for a cash payment of $450,000. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the unpaid acquisition consideration of $100,000,
was payable to Dr. Yu Zhou, a former director and former co-chief executive officer and 40% owner of Genexosome, and has been included in accrued liabilities and other
payables — related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
During the period from June 2023 through December 2023, Lab Services MSO paid shared expense on behalf of the Company. As of December 31, 2023, the balance due to
Lab Services MSO amounted to $72,746, which has been included in accrued liabilities and other payables — related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $33,712 and $0 of accrued and unpaid interest related to borrowings from Wenzhao Lu, the Company’s largest shareholder and Chairman
of the Board, respectively, have been included in accrued liabilities and other payables — related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Borrowings from Related Party
Line of Credit
On August 29, 2019, the Company entered into a Line of Credit Agreement (the “Line of Credit Agreement”) providing the Company with a $20 million line of credit (the
“Line of Credit”) from Wenzhao Lu (the “Lender”), the largest shareholder and Chairman of the Board. The Line of Credit allows the Company to request loans thereunder and
to use the proceeds of such loans for working capital and operating expense purposes until the facility matures on December 31, 2024. The loans are unsecured and are not
convertible into equity of the Company. Loans drawn under the Line of Credit bear interest at an annual rate of 5% and each individual loan is payable three years from the date
of issuance. The Company has a right to draw down on the Line of Credit and such right is not at the discretion of the related party Lender. The Company may, at its option,
prepay any borrowings under the Line of Credit, in whole or in part at any time prior to maturity, without premium or penalty. The Line of Credit Agreement includes
customary events of default. If any such event of default occurs, the Lender may declare all outstanding loans under the Line of Credit to be due and payable immediately.
In the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, activity recorded for the Line of Credit is summarized in the following table:
Outstanding principal under the Line of Credit at January 1, 2022
Draw down from Line of Credit
Repayment of Line of Credit
Settlement of Line of Credit in shares
Outstanding principal under the Line of Credit at December 31, 2022
Draw down from Line of Credit
Outstanding principal under the Line of Credit at December 31, 2023
$
$
2,750,262
100,000
(410,000)
(2,440,262)
-
850,000
850,000
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the interest expense related to related party borrowings amounted to $33,712 and $79,898, respectively, and has been
reflected as interest expense — related party on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related accrued and unpaid interest for the Line of Credit was $33,712 and $0, respectively, and has been included in accrued liabilities
and other payables — related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company used approximately $6.8 million of the credit facility and has approximately $13.2 million remaining available under the Line of
Credit.
74
Common Stock Sold to Related Party for Cash
On August 5, 2022, the Company sold 44,872 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $7.8 per share, the fair market value on the transaction date, to Wenzhao Lu, the
Chairman of the Board, pursuant to a subscription agreement. The Company received proceeds of $350,000 (See Note 14 – Common Shares Sold for Cash).
Series A Preferred Stock Sold to Related Party for Cash
On December 14, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Wenzhao Lu, the Company’s Chairman of the Board, pursuant to which the Company
sold to Mr. Lu 4,000 shares of its Series A Preferred Stock, stated value $1,000, for gross proceeds of $4,000,000 (See Note 14 – Series A Preferred Stock Sold for Cash).
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement
On November 17, 2023, the Company entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Wenzhao Lu (the “Purchaser”), the largest
shareholder and Chairman of the Board, pursuant to which (i) the Purchaser will acquire from the Company 30% of the total outstanding membership interests of Avalon RT 9,
a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company for a cash purchase price of $3,000,000 (the “Acquisition”), and (ii) for a period of twelve months following the closing of the
Acquisition, the Purchaser shall have the option to purchase from the Company up to an additional 70% of the outstanding membership interests of Avalon RT 9 for a purchase
price of up to $7,000,000 (the “Option”), subject to the terms and conditions of a membership interest purchase agreement to be negotiated and entered into between the
Purchaser and the Company at such time that the Purchaser desires to exercise the Option. The Acquisition was not closed as of December 31, 2023. The Company received
$485,714 from Wenzhao Lu as of December 31, 2023, which was recorded as advance from sale of noncontrolling interest – related party on the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets.
Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions
Our Board has adopted a policy that our executive officers, directors, nominees for election as a director, beneficial owners of more than 5% of any class of our common stock,
any members of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons and any firms, corporations or other entities in which any of the foregoing persons is employed or is a
partner or principal or in a similar position or in which such person has a 5% or greater beneficial ownership interest, are not permitted to enter into a transaction with us
without the prior consent of our Board acting through the Audit Committee or, in certain circumstances, the Chairman of the Audit Committee. Any request for us to enter into a
transaction with a related party, in which the amount involved exceeds $100,000 and such related party would have a direct or indirect interest must first be presented to our
Audit Committee, or in certain circumstances the Chairman of our Audit Committee, for review, consideration and approval. In approving or rejecting any such proposal, our
Audit Committee, or the Chairman of our Audit Committee, is to consider the material facts of the transaction, including, but not limited to, whether the transaction is on terms
no less favorable than terms generally available to an unaffiliated third party under the same or similar circumstances, the extent of the benefits to us, the availability of other
sources of comparable products or services and the extent of the related party’s interest in the transaction.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Marcum LLP served as our independent auditors for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Aggregate fees billed to the Company for professional services rendered by Marcum LLP during the last two years were as follows:
Fee Category
Audit Fees
Audit-Related Fees
Tax Fees
All Other Fees
Total Fees
2023
2022
$
$
$
$
$
292,005 $
198,158 $
- $
- $
490,163 $
196,473
-
-
-
196,473
75
Audit Fees
Consists of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements, review of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and review
of the interim consolidated financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and services that are normally provided by our independent auditors in
connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements, including registration statements.
Audit-Related Fees
Consists of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit and or review of our consolidated financial statements and
are not reported under “Audit Fees”, such as audits and reviews in connection with the acquisition of Lab Services MSO.
Tax Fees
Consists of fees billed for professional services for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.
All Other Fees
Consists of fees for products and services other than the services reported above. There were no management consulting services provided in 2023 or 2022.
Pre-Approval Policy and Procedures
The current policy of the directors, acting as the Audit Committee, is to approve the appointment of the principal auditing firm and any permissible audit-related services. The
audit and audit related fees include fees for the annual audit of the financial statements and review of financial statements included in Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Fees
charged by the auditor were approved by the Board with engagement letters signed by the Audit Committee Chairman.
The Audit Committee is responsible for the pre-approval of audit and permitted non-audit services to be performed by the Company’s independent auditor. The Audit
Committee will, on an annual basis, consider and, if appropriate, approve the provision of audit and non-audit services by the auditor. Thereafter, the Audit Committee will, as
necessary, consider and, if appropriate, approve the provision of additional audit and non-audit services by the auditor which are not encompassed by the Audit Committee’s
annual pre-approval and are not prohibited by law. The Audit Committee has delegated to the Chair of the Audit Committee the authority to pre-approve, on a case-by-case
basis, non-audit services to be performed by the auditor. The Audit Committee has approved all audit and permitted non-audit services performed by the auditor for the year
ended December 31, 2023.
76
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
PART IV
Description
1.1
2.1
2.2
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4.1
Open Market Sale AgreementSM, dated as of December 13, 2019, by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Jefferies LLC. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 1.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 13, 2019)
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated November 7, 2022, by and among the Registrant, Laboratory Services MSO, LLC, SCBC Holdings LLC,
Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc., The Zoe Family Trust, Bryan Cox and Sarah Cox (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Registrant’s Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on November 8, 2022).
Amended and Restated Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated February 9, 2023 by and among the Registrant, Laboratory Services MSO, LLC,
SCBC Holdings LLC, Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc., the Zoe Family Trust, Bryan Cox and Sarah Cox (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the
Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 13, 2023).
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 26, 2018)
Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of Avalon GloboCare Corp. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2023).
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on April 26, 2018)
Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the
Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 8, 2022)
Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the
Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 13, 2023)
Form of Subscription Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and the December 2016 Accredited Investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 21, 2016)
4.2 †
Stock Option issued to Luisa Ingargiola dated February 21, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2017)
4.3
4.4
Form of Subscription Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and the March 2017 Accredited Investor (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1
of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 7, 2017)
Share Subscription Agreement between Avalon GloboCare Corp., Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing DOING Biomedical
Technology Co., Ltd. and Daron Liang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on March 7, 2017)
77
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9*
4.10
4.11
10.1
Warranty Agreement by and between Lu Wenzhao and Beijing DOING Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., dated February 27, 2017 (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.3 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 7, 2017)
Form of Subscription Agreement between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and the October 2017 Accredited Investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 26, 2017)
Form of Warrant to Boustead Securities, LLC in connection with the private placements (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 of the Registration
Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 27, 2018)
Form of Warrant (April 2019) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on April 26, 2019)
Description of Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Form of Subscription Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Wenzhao “Daniel” Lu dated August 5, 2022 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 8, 2022).
Form of Subscription Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Emma Li Xu Qingbo dated August 5, 2022 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 8, 2022).
Share Exchange Agreement dated as of October 19, 2016 by and among Avalon Healthcare System, Inc., the shareholders of Avalon Healthcare System, Inc.
and Avalon GloboCare Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on October 19, 2016)
10.2 †
Executive Employment Agreement, effective December 1, 2016, by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and David Jin (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 2, 2016)
10.3
Agreement of Sale by and between Freehold Craig Road Partnership and Avalon GloboCare Corp., dated December 22, 2016 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 23, 2016)
10.4 †
Executive Employment Agreement by and between Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology Ltd. and Meng Li, dated January 11, 2017 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 11, 2017)
10.5 †
Executive Retention Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Luisa Ingargiola, dated February 21, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2017)
10.6 †
Indemnification Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Luisa Ingargiola, dated February 21, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2017)
78
10.7 †
Director Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Steven P. Sukel dated April 28, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2017)
10.8 †
Director Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Yancen Lu dated April 28, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2017)
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
Consultation Service Contract between Daopei Investment Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Avalon HealthCare System Inc. dated April 1, 2016 (English
translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on July 7, 2017)
Consultation Service Contract between Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital Co., Ltd and Avalon HealthCare System Inc. dated April 1, 2016 (English translation)
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on July 7, 2017)
Consultation Service Contract between Nanshan Memorial Stem Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and Avalon HealthCare System Inc. dated April 1, 2016
(English translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on July 7, 2017)
Loan Agreement between Lotus Capital Overseas Limited and Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd. dated April 19, 2017 (English translation)
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 14, 2017)
10.13
Securities Purchase Agreement between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Genexosome Technologies Inc. dated October 25, 2017 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 26, 2017)
10.14
Asset Purchase Agreement between Genexosome Technologies Inc. and Yu Zhou dated October 25, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 26, 2017)
10.15
Stock Purchase Agreement between Genexosome Technologies Inc., Beijing Jieteng (Genexosome) Biotech Co. Ltd. and Yu Zhou dated October 25, 2017
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 26, 2017)
10.16 †
Executive Retention Agreement between Genexosome Technologies Inc. and Yu Zhou dated October 25, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of
the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 26, 2017)
10.17
Invention Assignment, Confidentiality, Non-Compete and Non-Solicit Agreement between Genexosome Technologies Inc. and Yu Zhou dated October 25,
2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 26, 2017)
10.18 †
Director Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Wilbert J. Tauzin II dated November 1, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of
the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 7, 2017)
10.19
Agreement between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Tauzin Consultants, LLC dated November 1, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 7, 2017)
79
10.20 †
Letter Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and David Jin dated April 3, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 4, 2018)
10.21 †
Letter Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Meng Li dated April 3, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Current Report
on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 4, 2018)
10.22
Advisory Service Contract between Ludaopei Hematology Research Institute Co., Ltd. and Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd. dated April 1,
2018 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to that Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 19,
2018)
10.23
Form of Subscription Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and the April 2018 Accredited Investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1
of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2018)
10.24
10.25
Supplementary Agreement Related to Share Subscription by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp., Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd.,
Beijing DOING Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd. and Daron Liang dated April 23, 2018 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the
Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 26, 2018)
Loan Extension Agreement between Lotus Capital Overseas Limited and Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd. dated May 3, 2018 (English
translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 11,
2018)
10.26 †
Director Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Tevi Troy dated June 4, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 6, 2018)
10.27
Joint Venture Agreement by and between Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd. and Jiangsu Unicorn Biological Technology Co., Ltd. dated
May 29, 2018 (English translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on June 6, 2018)
10.28 †
Director Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and William Stilley, III dated July 5, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 10, 2018)
10.29 †
Director Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Steven A. Sanders dated July 30, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 31, 2018)
10.30
10.31
Loan Extension Agreement between Lotus Capital Overseas Limited and Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd. dated August 3, 2018 (English
translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
August 7, 2018)
Strategic Partnership Agreement between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University dated August 6, 2018
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 7,
2018)
80
10.32
Equity Joint Venture Agreement by and between Avactis Biosciences, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Avalon GloboCare Corp., and Arbele Limited for the
establishment of AVAR (China) BioTherapeutics Ltd. dated October 23, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 29, 2018)
10.33
Letter Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and David Jin dated January 3, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 4, 2019)
10.34
Letter Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Luisa Ingargiola dated January 3, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 4, 2019)
10.35
Letter Agreement by and between Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology Co. Ltd. and Meng Li dated January 3, 2019 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 4, 2019)
10.36
Promissory Note issued to Daniel Lu dated Mach 18, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on March 22, 2019)
10.37†
Director Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Meng Li dated April 5, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 8, 2019)
10.38†
Director Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Yue “Charles” Li dated April 5, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 8, 2019)
10.39
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated April 25, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on April 26, 2019)
10.40
Revolving Line of Credit Agreement dated as of August 29, 2019 between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Wenzhao “Daniel” Lu dated August 29, 2019
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 3, 2019)
10.41
Form of Warrant Redemption and Cancellation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on October 21, 2019)
10.42
Letter Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and David Jin dated February 20, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 24, 2020)
10.43
Letter Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Meng Li dated February 20, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 24, 2020)
10.44
Letter Agreement by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Luisa Ingargiola dated February 20, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 24, 2020)
10.45
Debt Settlement Agreement and Release between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Wenzhao “Daniel” Lu (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 22, 2021)
81
10.46
Corporate Research Agreement between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and the University of Pittsburgh of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education dated
July 8, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 14,
2021)
10.47
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated March 28, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 2022)
10.48
Form of Convertible Note - March 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.48 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on March 30, 2022)
10.49
Loan Extension and Modification Agreement between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Wenzhao Lu dated March 28, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.49 of the Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 2022)
10.50*
Consulting Agreement, dated February 9, 2023, by and between Laboratory Services MSO, LLC and Sarah Cox
10.51
Form of Warrant - March 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29,
2022)
10.52
Amendment No. 1 to the Equity Joint Venture Agreement entered between Avalon GloboCare Corp., Avactis Biosciences Inc., Arbele Limited and Arbele
Biotherapeutics Limited dated April 6, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.53 of the Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on May 11, 2022)
10.53
Letter Agreement between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Fsunshine Trading PTE. Ltd. dated June 8, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the
Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 8, 2022)
10.54
Debt Settlement Agreement and Release between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Wenzhao “Daniel” Lu dated July 25, 2022 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 of the Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 27, 2022)
10.55
Conversion Agreement between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Fsunshine Trading PTE. Ltd. Dated July 25, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of
the Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 27, 2022)
10.56
Form of Balloon Promissory Note issued to S&P Principal LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Form 8-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on September 8, 2022)
10.57
Form of Mortgage and Security Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
September 8, 2022)
10.58
10.59
Form of Guaranty (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 8, 2022)
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement for the purchase of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Form 8-K
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 8, 2022)
10.60
Director Agreement by and Between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Lourdes Felix dated January 9, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the
Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 11, 2023)
82
10.61
Second Amended and Restated Limited Company Agreement, dated February 9, 2023, by and among Laboratory Services MSO, LLC, SCBC Holdings LLC,
the Zoe Family Trust, Bryan Cox, Sarah Cox and the members named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on February 13, 2023)
10.62
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated May 23, 2023, between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Mast Hill Fund, L.P (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of
the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 26, 2023)
10.63
Security Agreement, dated May 23, 2023, by and among Avalon GloboCare Corp., Avalon Healthcare System Inc., Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc., Avalon
RT 9 Properties, LLC, Avactis Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Services MSO, LLC, Genexosome Technologies Inc., International Exosome Association LLC
and Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 26, 2023)
10.64
Senior Secured Promissory Note, dated May 23, 2023, between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3
of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 26, 2023)
10.65
First Warrant, dated May 23, 2023, by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the
Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 26, 2023)
10.66
Second Warrant, dated May 23, 2023, by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the
Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 26, 2023)
10.67
Form of Balloon Mortgage Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 26,
2023)
10.68
Form of Second Mortgage and Security Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the
SEC on May 26, 2023)
10.69
10.70
Form of Guaranty (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 26, 2023)
Form of Hazardous Material Guaranty and Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form
8-K filed with the SEC on May 26, 2023)
10.71
Sales Agreement, dated June 16, 2023, by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 of
the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 16, 2023)
10.72
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated July 6, 2023, by and between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Firstfire Global Opportunities, LLC. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 10, 2023)
10.73
Security Agreement, dated July 6, 2023, by and among Avalon GloboCare Corp., Avalon Healthcare System Inc., Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc., Avalon RT
9 Properties, LLC, Avactis Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Services MSO, LLC, Genexosome Technologies Inc., International Exosome Association LLC and
Firstfire Global Opportunities, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 10,
2023)
83
10.74
Senior Secured Promissory Note, dated July 6, 2023, by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Firstfire Global Opportunities, LLC. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 10, 2023)
10.75
First Warrant dated July 6, 2023, by and between Avalon GloboCare Corp. and Firstfire Global Opportunities, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4
of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 10, 2023)
10.76
Second Warrant, dated July 6, 2023, by and between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Firstfire Global Opportunities, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.5 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 10, 2023)
10.77
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated October 9, 2023, between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1
of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 13, 2023)
10.78
Security Agreement, dated October 9, 2023, among Avalon Globocare Corp., Avalon Healthcare System Inc., Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc., Avalon RT 9
Properties, LLC, Avactis Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Services MSO, LLC, Genexosome Technologies Inc., International Exosome Association LLC and
Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 13, 2023)
10.79
Senior Secured Promissory Note, dated October 9, 2023, between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3
of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 13, 2023)
10.80
First Warrant, dated October 9, 2023, between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 13, 2023)
10.81
Second Warrant, dated October 9, 2023, between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the
Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 13, 2023)
10.82
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated October 9, 2023, between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Firstfire Global Opportunities Fund, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 13, 2023)
10.83
Security Agreement, dated October 9, 2023, among Avalon Globocare Corp., Avalon Healthcare System Inc., Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc., Avalon RT 9
Properties, LLC, Avactis Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Services MSO, LLC, Genexosome Technologies Inc., International Exosome Association LLC and
Firstfire Global Opportunities Fund, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on
October 13, 2023)
10.84
Senior Secured Promissory Note, dated October 9, 2023, between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Firstfire Global Opportunities Fund, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 13, 2023)
10.85
First Warrant, dated October 9, 2023, between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Firstfire Global Opportunities Fund, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.9 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 13, 2023)
10.86
Second Warrant, dated October 9, 2023, between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Firstfire Global Opportunities Fund, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.10 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 13, 2023)
84
10.87
Mortgage and Security Agreement, dated October 9, 2023, between Avalon Globocare Corp., Mast Hill Fund, L.P and Firstfire Global Opportunities Fund,
LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 13, 2023)
10.88
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated November 17, 2023, between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Wenzhao Lu (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 22, 2023)
10.89
Mortgage and Security Agreement, dated March 27, 2024, between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 27, 2024)
10.90
Mortgage and Security Agreement, dated March 27, 2024, between Avalon Globocare Corp. and Firstfire Global Opportunities Fund, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 27, 2024)
21.1
List of Subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the Securities and Exchange
23.1*
31.1*
Commission on July 20, 2018)
Consent of Independent Registered Accounting Firm
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**
Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
97.1*
Avalon GloboCare Corp. Compensation Recovery Policy.
101.INS*
Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
*
Filed herewith
** This certification will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to
the liability of that section. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the
Exchange Act, except to the extent specifically incorporated by reference into such filing.
† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY.
None.
85
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP.
SIGNATURES
Dated: April 15, 2024
Dated: April 15, 2024
/s/ David K. Jin
By:
Name: David K. Jin
Title:
Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Luisa Ingargiola
By:
Name: Luisa Ingargiola
Title:
Chief Financial Officer
In accordance with the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on April 15, 2024, on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.
Signature
Title
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ David K. Jin
David K. Jin
/s/ Luisa Ingargiola
Luisa Ingargiola
/s/ Wenzhao Lu
Wenzhao Lu
/s/ Meng Li
Meng Li
/s/ Steven A. Sanders
Steven A. Sanders
/s/ Lourdes Felix
Lourdes Felix
/s/ Wilbert J. Tauzin II
Wilbert J. Tauzin II
/s/ William B. Stilley III
William B. Stilley III
/s/ Tevi Troy
Tevi Troy
Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Chairman of the Board of Directors
Chief Operating Officer and Secretary
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
86
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023 and 2022
CONTENTS
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB No. 688)
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets - As of December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-1
F-2
F-6
F-7
F-8
F-9
F-10
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
Avalon GloboCare Corp.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Avalon GloboCare Corp. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes
(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of
December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 2, the Company has
a significant working capital deficiency, has incurred significant losses and needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions
raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial
statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our
audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with
respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the
PCAOB.
F-2
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an
audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the
purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures
that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also
included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be
communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging,
subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are
not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Critical Audit Matter Description
On February 9, 2023 (the “Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired 40% of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Laboratory Services MSO, LLC (the “Labs”) for a
total consideration of approximately $21 million. The investment was recorded on the Acquisition Date at cost with the investment being accounted for under the equity method
as the Company has significant influence over the Labs. As disclosed in Note 7 of the accompanying financial statements, the Company identified equity method goodwill and
intangible assets, which included tradename and customer relationships, of approximately $9.5 million and $10 million, respectively, on the Acquisition Date.
As of December 31, 2023 (the “Reporting Date”), the Company concluded that approximately $9.2 million of the equity method goodwill was impaired.
F-3
We identified the initial allocation of purchase consideration and the subsequent impairment assessment on such goodwill as a critical audit matter because of the significant
estimates and assumptions made by management, required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value
specialists, when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions related to the selection of the valuation techniques
and assumptions utilized, growth rates, and the future operating margins.
Under the income approach, the Company utilizes the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of the Labs. Some of the significant assumptions inherent in
estimating the fair values include the estimated future annual net cash flows for the Labs (including net sales, operating income margin, and working capital) and a discount rate
that appropriately reflects the risks inherent in each future cash flow stream. The Company selects assumptions used in the financial forecasts using historical data,
supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions, estimated growth rates, management’s plans, and guideline companies.
Under the market approach, fair value is derived from metrics of publicly traded companies or historically completed transactions of comparable businesses. The selection of
comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the reporting units operate giving consideration to risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services.
The estimates of fair value of the reporting units as of the Acquisition Date and Reporting Date are computed using a combination of both the income approach and market
approach noted above.
How the Critical Audit Matter was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures included the following: (1) We assessed the reasonableness of the forecasted revenue growth rates and operating margins over the cash flow forecast
period by comparing them to the Labs’ actual revenues and operating margins during the recent historical periods; (2) We evaluated the reasonableness of the (a) valuation
methodologies; (b) revenue growth rate by comparing it to industry rates; (c) customer attrition rates by testing the mathematical accuracy of the rates used and comparing them
to industry rates; and (d) discount rates, which included testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rates, testing the mathematical accuracy of
the calculations, and developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rates selected by management; (3) We evaluated the guideline companies
used and operated in a similar industry as the subject reporting unit; (4) We sensitized the projections and compared them to the valuation reports for reasonableness; (5) We
evaluated the disclosures in the Company's financial statements for proper reporting.
F-4
For the Company’s impairment assessment as of the Reporting Date, in additions to the aforementioned audit procedures, we assessed the reasonableness of the Company’s use
of the appropriate modified capital asset pricing model and a weighted average cost of capital.
/s/ Marcum LLP
Marcum LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
New York, NY
April 15, 2024
F-5
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash
Rent receivable
Prepaid expense and other current assets
Total Current Assets
NON-CURRENT ASSETS:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net
Property and equipment, net
Investment in real estate, net
Equity method investments, net
Advances for equity interest purchase
Other non-current assets
Total Non-current Assets
Total Assets
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accrued professional fees
Accrued research and development fees
Accrued payroll liability and compensation
Accrued litigation settlement
Accrued liabilities and other payables
Accrued liabilities and other payables - related parties
Operating lease obligation
Advance from sale of noncontrolling interest - related party
Equity method investment payable
Derivative liability
Convertible note payable, net
Total Current Liabilities
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Operating lease obligation - noncurrent portion
Accrued litigation settlement - noncurrent portion
Note payable, net
Loan payable - related party
Total Non-current Liabilities
Total Liabilities
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 20)
EQUITY:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized;
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, 9,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022 Liquidation
preference $9 million at December 31, 2023
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, 11,000 and 0 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Liquidation preference $11 million at December 31, 2023
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 490,000,000 shares authorized; 11,051,534 shares issued and 10,999,534 shares outstanding
at December 31, 2023; 10,013,576 shares issued and 9,961,576 shares outstanding at December 31, 2022
Additional paid-in capital
Less: common stock held in treasury, at cost; 52,000 shares at December 31, 2023 and 2022
Accumulated deficit
Statutory reserve
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Total Avalon GloboCare Corp. stockholders’ equity
Noncontrolling interest
Total Equity
December 31,
2023
2022
$
285,400 $
197,473
367,994
1,990,910
134,626
247,990
850,867
2,373,526
128,250
38,083
7,191,404
12,095,020
-
278,912
10,885
138,294
7,360,087
485,008
8,999,722
384,383
19,731,669
17,378,379
$
20,582,536 $
19,751,905
$
1,804,100 $
208,772
588,722
450,000
272,915
206,458
129,396
485,714
666,667
24,796
1,925,146
1,673,411
838,001
223,722
450,000
283,234
100,000
11,437
-
-
-
-
6,762,686
3,579,805
4,855
-
5,596,219
850,000
-
450,000
4,563,152
-
6,451,074
5,013,152
13,213,760
8,592,957
9,000,000
9,000,000
11,000,000
-
1,105
67,885,051
(522,500)
(79,769,731)
6,578
(231,727)
7,368,776
-
1,005
65,949,723
(522,500)
(63,062,721)
6,578
(213,137)
11,158,948
-
7,368,776
11,158,948
Total Liabilities and Equity
$
20,582,536 $
19,751,905
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
F-6
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
RENTAL REVENUE
OPERATING EXPENSES
OPERATING INCOME
LOSS FROM EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT - LAB SERVICES MSO
OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES:
Advertising and marketing expenses
Professional fees
Compensation and related benefits
Research and development expenses
Litigation settlement
Other general and administrative expenses
Total Other Operating Expenses
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS
OTHER (EXPENSE) INCOME
Interest expense - amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost
Interest expense - other
Interest expense - related party
Conversion inducement expense
Loss from equity method investment - Epicon
Change in fair value of derivative liability
Impairment of equity method investment - Epicon
Gain on debts extinguishment
Other (expense) income
Total Other Expense, net
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAXES
NET LOSS
LESS: NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. COMMON SHAREHOLDERS
NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. COMMON SHAREHOLDERS:
Basic and diluted
WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING:
Basic and diluted
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS:
NET LOSS
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Unrealized foreign currency translation loss
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
LESS: COMPREHENSIVE LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. COMMON SHAREHOLDERS
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
F-7
For the Years Ended
December 31,
2023
2022
$
1,255,681 $
1,202,169
1,017,493
929,441
238,188
272,728
(8,571,647)
-
1,666,721
3,076,477
1,768,449
109,618
-
798,959
1,325,313
2,909,652
1,863,188
731,328
1,350,000
886,142
7,420,224
9,065,623
(15,753,683)
(8,792,895)
(544,010)
(773,780)
(33,712)
-
(18,175)
188,374
(454,679)
682,979
(324)
(3,310,684)
(185,751)
(79,898)
(344,264)
(41,863)
600,749
-
-
223,759
(953,327)
(3,137,952)
(16,707,010)
(11,930,847)
-
-
$
(16,707,010) $
(11,930,847)
-
-
$
(16,707,010) $
(11,930,847)
$
(1.59) $
(1.28)
10,528,975
9,328,609
$
(16,707,010) $
(11,930,847)
(18,590)
(16,725,600)
-
(16,725,600) $
(47,871)
(11,978,718)
-
(11,978,718)
$
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Avalon GloboCare Corp. Stockholders’ Equity
Series A
Series B
Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock
Number of
Shares
Amount
Number of
Shares
Amount
Common Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Amount Capital
Number of
Shares
Treasury Stock
Accumulated
Other
Number of
Shares
Amount
Accumulated Statutory Comprehensive Noncontrolling
Deficit
Reserve
Interest
Loss
Total
Equity
Balance, January 1, 2022
Sale of common stock, net
Warrants issued with convertible debt offering
Conversion of convertible note payable and accrued interest
into common stock
Reclassification of derivative liability to equity
Issuance of common stock for settlement of loan payable and
accrued interest - related party
Sale of common stock - related party
- $
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sale of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
9,000 9,000,000
Issuance of common stock for services
Stock-based compensation
Shares issued for adjustments for 1:10 reverse split
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Net loss for the year
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Balance, December 31, 2022
9,000 9,000,000
- $
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- 8,897,518 $
890 $54,896,567
(52,000) $ (522,500) $ (51,131,874) $
6,578 $
(165,266) $
- $ 3,084,395
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
49,115
5
362,323
-
-
498,509
573,645
57 4,072,901
-
- 2,181,820
444,399
44 2,888,549
44,872
5
349,995
-
-
-
40,896
4
340,946
-
(36,869)
-
-
-
-
-
-
358,113
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- (11,930,847)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(47,871)
-
-
362,328
498,509
-
4,072,958
-
2,181,820
-
2,888,593
-
350,000
-
9,000,000
-
-
-
-
340,950
358,113
-
(47,871)
-
- (11,930,847)
- 10,013,576
1,005 65,949,723
(52,000) (522,500) (63,062,721)
6,578
(213,137)
- 11,158,948
To correct shares issued for adjustments for 1:10 reverse split
Issuance of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock for equity
method investment
Issuance of common stock as convertible note payable
commitment fee
Sale of common stock, net
Issuance of common stock for services
Stock-based compensation
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Net loss for the year
Balance, December 31, 2023
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50,000
-
11,000 11,000,000
-
1
-
(1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
170,000
17
236,383
456,627
46
414,350
361,331
36
999,619
-
-
-
-
-
-
284,977
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- (16,707,010)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(18,590)
-
-
- 11,000,000
-
-
-
-
-
236,400
414,396
999,655
284,977
(18,590)
-
- (16,707,010)
9,000 $9,000,000
11,000 $11,000,000 11,051,534 $
1,105 $67,885,051
(52,000) $ (522,500) $ (79,769,731) $
6,578 $
(231,727) $ - $ 7,368,776
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
F-8
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Credit loss provision
Depreciation
Change in straight-line rent receivable
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset
Stock-based compensation and service expense
Loss from equity method investments
Impairment of equipment held for sale
Impairment of equity method investment - Epicon
Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount
Conversion inducement expense
Change in fair market value of derivative liability
Gain on debts extinguishment
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Rent receivable
Security deposit
Deferred leasing costs
Prepaid expense and other assets
Accrued liabilities and other payables
Accrued liabilities and other payables - related parties
Operating lease obligation
NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of property and equipment
Additional investment in equity method investment
Payments for equity interest purchase
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Repayments of note payable - related party
Proceeds from loan payable - related party
Repayments of loan payable - related party
Proceeds from issuance of convertible debt and warrants
Payments of convertible debt issuance costs
Repayments of convertible debt
Proceeds from issuance of balloon promissory note
Payments of balloon promissory note issuance costs
Proceeds from equity offering
Disbursements for equity offering costs
Advance from sale of noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE ON CASH
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH
CASH - beginning of year
CASH - end of year
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for:
Interest
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Common stock issued for accrued liabilities
Reclassification of advances for equity interest purchase to equity method investment
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock issued related to equity method investment
For the Years Ended
December 31,
2023
2022
$
(16,707,010) $
(11,930,847)
-
211,720
10,496
118,226
1,179,761
8,589,822
-
454,679
544,010
-
(188,374)
(682,979)
(46,220)
396
33,402
411
(16,601)
106,458
(112,915)
2,295
330,723
(6,821)
135,557
1,106,634
41,863
22,285
-
3,310,684
344,264
(600,749)
-
(43,765)
(416)
27,298
(45,996)
331,425
79,898
(141,556)
(6,504,718)
(7,037,224)
(22,159)
-
-
(1,749)
(51,999)
(8,999,722)
(22,159)
(9,053,470)
-
850,000
-
2,565,000
(327,200)
(300,000)
1,000,000
(64,436)
635,391
(19,132)
485,714
-
(390,000)
100,000
(410,000)
3,718,943
-
-
4,800,000
(266,454)
735,567
(24,067)
-
9,000,000
4,825,337
17,263,989
(3,970)
10,077
(1,705,510)
1,183,372
1,990,910
807,538
$
285,400 $
1,990,910
$
$
$
$
718,753 $
176,000
164,871 $
9,000,000 $
11,000,000 $
30,000
-
-
Accrued purchase price related to equity method investment
Warrants issued as convertible note payable finder’s fee
Warrants issued with convertible note payable recorded as debt discount
Bifurcated embedded conversion feature recorded as derivative liability and debt discount
Common stock issued as convertible note payable commitment fee
Deferred financing costs in accrued liabilities
Conversion of convertible note payable and accrued interest into common stock
Reclassification of derivative liability to equity
Related party loan and accrued interest settled in shares
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
666,667 $
16,977 $
196,193 $
- $
236,400 $
202,892 $
- $
- $
- $
-
-
498,509
2,782,569
-
-
4,072,958
2,181,820
2,888,593
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
F-9
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Avalon GloboCare Corp. (the “Company” or “ALBT”) is a Delaware corporation. The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on July 28, 2014. On
October 19, 2016, the Company entered into and closed a Share Exchange Agreement with the shareholders of Avalon Healthcare System, Inc., a Delaware corporation
(“AHS”), each of which were accredited investors (“AHS Shareholders”), pursuant to which the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding securities of AHS in exchange for
5,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “AHS Acquisition”). AHS was incorporated on May 18, 2015 under the laws of the State of Delaware.
For accounting purposes, AHS was the surviving entity. The transaction was accounted for as a recapitalization of AHS, pursuant to which AHS was treated as the accounting
acquirer, surviving and continuing entity although the Company was the legal acquirer. The Company did not recognize goodwill or any intangible assets in connection with
this transaction. Accordingly, the Company’s historical financial statements are those of AHS and its wholly owned subsidiary, Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology Co.,
Ltd. (“Avalon Shanghai”) immediately following the consummation of this reverse merger transaction. AHS owns 100% of the capital stock of Avalon Shanghai, which is a
wholly foreign-owned enterprise organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). Avalon Shanghai was incorporated on April 29, 2016 and was engaged
in medical related consulting services for customers. Due to the winding down of the medical related consulting services in 2022, the Company decided to cease all operations
of Avalon Shanghai and no longer has any material revenues or expenses in Avalon Shanghai. As a result, Avalon Shanghai is no longer an operating entity.
The Company is a commercial stage company dedicated to developing and delivering innovative, transformative, precision diagnostics and clinical laboratory services. The
Company is establishing a leading role in the innovation of diagnostic testing, utilizing proprietary technology to deliver precise, genetics-driven results. The Company also
provides laboratory services, offering a broad portfolio of diagnostic tests, including drug testing, toxicology, and a broad array of test services, from general bloodwork to
anatomic pathology, and urine toxicology.
On February 7, 2017, the Company formed Avalon RT 9 Properties, LLC (“Avalon RT 9”), a New Jersey limited liability company. On May 5, 2017, Avalon RT 9 purchased a
real property located in Township of Freehold, County of Monmouth, State of New Jersey, having a street address of 4400 Route 9 South, Freehold, NJ 07728. This property
was purchased to serve as the Company’s world-wide headquarters for all corporate administration and operations. In addition, the property generates rental income. Avalon RT
9 owns this office building. Avalon RT 9’s business consists of the ownership and operation of the income-producing real estate property in New Jersey. As of December 31,
2023, the occupancy rate of the building is 89.4%.
On July 18, 2018, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Avactis Biosciences Inc. (“Avactis”), a Nevada corporation, which is a patent holding company.
Commencing on April 6, 2022, the Company owns 60% of Avactis and Arbele Biotherapeutics Limited (“Arbele Biotherapeutics”) owns 40% of Avactis. Avactis owns 100% of
the capital stock of Avactis Nanjing Biosciences Ltd., a company incorporated in the PRC on May 8, 2020 (“Avactis Nanjing”), which only owns a patent and is not considered
an operating entity.
On October 14, 2022, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc. (“Avalon Lab”), a Delaware company. On February 9, 2023, Avalon
Lab purchased forty percent (40%) of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Laboratory Services MSO, LLC, a private limited company formed under the laws of the
State of Delaware on September 6, 2019 (“Lab Services MSO”), and its subsidiaries. Lab Services MSO, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in providing laboratory testing
services.
F-10
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Details of the Company’s subsidiaries which are included in these consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:
Name of Subsidiary
Avalon Healthcare System, Inc.
Place and date of
Incorporation
Delaware
Percentage of
Ownership
Principal Activities
Holding company for payroll and other expenses
(“AHS”)
May 18, 2015
100% held by ALBT
Avalon RT 9 Properties LLC
New Jersey
(“Avalon RT 9”)
February 7, 2017
100% held by ALBT
Owns and operates an income-producing real property and holds and
manages the corporate headquarters
Avalon (Shanghai) Healthcare Technology
Co., Ltd.
(“Avalon Shanghai”)
Genexosome Technologies Inc.
PRC
April 29, 2016
Nevada
100% held by AHS
Is not considered an operating entity
(“Genexosome”)
July 31, 2017
60% held by ALBT
No current activities to report, dormant
Avactis Biosciences Inc.
Nevada
(“Avactis”)
Avactis Nanjing Biosciences Ltd.
(“Avactis Nanjing”)
Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc.
July 18, 2018
PRC
May 8, 2020
Delaware
60% held by ALBT
Patent holding company
100% held by Avactis
Owns a patent and is not considered an operating entity
(“Avalon Lab”)
October 14, 2022
100% held by ALBT
Laboratory holding company with a 40% membership interest in Lab
Services MSO
NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND GOING CONCERN CONDITION
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (“U.S. GAAP”) and with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for financial information.
The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been
eliminated in consolidation.
F-11
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND GOING CONCERN CONDITION (continued)
Going Concern
The Company is a commercial stage company dedicated to developing and delivering innovative, transformative, precision diagnostics and clinical laboratory services. The
Company is establishing a leading role in the innovation of diagnostic testing, utilizing proprietary technology to deliver precise, genetics-driven results. The Company also
provides laboratory services through its 40% equity investment in Lab Services MSO, offering a broad portfolio of diagnostic tests, including drug testing, toxicology, and a
broad array of test services, from general bloodwork to anatomic pathology, and urine toxicology. In addition, the Company owns commercial real estate that houses its
headquarters in Freehold, New Jersey. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which
contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company had a working capital deficit of approximately $5,912,000 at December 31, 2023 and had
incurred recurring net losses and generated negative cash flow from operating activities of approximately $16,707,000 and $6,505,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023,
respectively.
The Company has a limited operating history and its continued growth is dependent upon the continuation of generating rental revenue from its income-producing real estate
property in New Jersey and income from equity method investment through its forty percent (40%) interest in Lab Services MSO and obtaining additional financing to fund
future obligations and pay liabilities arising from normal business operations. In addition, the current cash balance cannot be projected to cover the operating expenses for the
next twelve months from the release date of this report. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The ability of the
Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company’s ability to raise additional capital, implement its business plan, and generate significant revenues. There
are no assurances that the Company will be successful in its efforts to generate significant revenues, maintain sufficient cash balance or report profitable operations or to
continue as a going concern. The Company plans on raising capital through the sale of equity to implement its business plan. However, there is no assurance these plans will be
realized and that any additional financings will be available to the Company on satisfactory terms and conditions, if any.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability or classification of asset-carrying amounts or the amounts and
classification of liabilities that may result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts
of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Changes in these estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Making estimates
requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that
existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming
events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Significant estimates during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 include the useful life of property and equipment, investment in real estate, and intangible assets, the
assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-term assets, the valuation of deferred tax assets and the associated valuation allowances, the valuation of stock-based
compensation, the assumptions used to determine fair value of warrants and embedded conversion features of convertible note payable, and the fair value of the consideration
given and assets acquired in the purchase of 40% of Lab Services MSO.
F-12
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
The Company adopted the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 for fair value measurements which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes
methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
● Level 1-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.
● Level 2-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that
are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
● Level 3-Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the
asset or liability based on the best available information.
The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” approximates the carrying
amounts represented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, primarily due to their short-term nature.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These assets and liabilities are
measured at fair value on an ongoing basis. These assets and liabilities include derivative liability.
Derivative liability. Derivative liability is carried at fair value and measured on an ongoing basis. The table below reflects the activity of derivative liability measured at fair
value for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Balance of derivative liability as of January 1, 2022
Initial fair value of derivative liability attributable to embedded conversion feature of convertible note payable
Gain from change in the fair value of derivative liability
Reclassification of derivative liability to equity
Balance of derivative liability as of December 31, 2022
Initial fair value of derivative liability attributable to warrants issuance with fund raise
Gain from change in the fair value of derivative liability
Balance of derivative liability as of December 31, 2023
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
$
$
-
2,782,569
(600,749)
(2,181,820)
-
213,170
(188,374)
24,796
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets and
liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. These assets and liabilities can include
equipment held for sale and equity method investment that are written down to fair value when they are impaired.
Equipment held for sale. The Company conducted an impairment assessment on the equipment held for sale based on the guidelines established in Financial Accounting
Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 360 to determine the estimated fair market value of the equipment as of December 31, 2022. Upon completion of its 2022 impairment
analysis, the Company determined that the carrying value exceeded the fair market value on equipment which was held for sale. The fair market value of equipment held for
sale is a level 3 valuation. The Company recorded an impairment charge of $22,285 for the years ended December 31, 2022.
Equity method investment in Epicon Biotech Co., Ltd. The factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise and include, but are not
limited to, the investee’s series of operating losses and the joint venture partner unable to obtain funds to commence operations. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.
Impairment of equity method investment in Epicon Biotech Co., Ltd. for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $454,679.
F-13
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements (continued)
Equity method investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC The factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise. These assumptions
represent Level 3 inputs. Impairment of equity method investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $9,196,682.
ASC 825-10 “Financial Instruments”, allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value
option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable, unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized
gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any
outstanding instruments.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s cash balances by geographic area were as follows:
Country:
United States
China
Total cash
$
$
December 31, 2023
280,197
5,203
285,400
December 31, 2022
98.2% $
1.8%
100.0% $
1,806,083
184,827
1,990,910
90.7%
9.3%
100.0%
For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid instruments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased and
money market accounts to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Credit Risk and Uncertainties
A portion of the Company’s cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC. Balances at state-owned banks within the PRC are covered by insurance up to
RMB 500,000 (approximately $71,000) per bank. Any balance over RMB 500,000 per bank in PRC will not be covered. At December 31, 2023, cash balances held in the PRC
are RMB 36,827 (approximately $5,000), which was covered by such insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to
any risks on its cash in bank accounts.
The Company maintains a portion of its cash on deposits with bank and financial institution within the U.S. that at times may exceed federally-insured limits of $250,000. The
Company manages this credit risk by concentrating its cash balances in high quality financial institutions and by periodically evaluating the credit quality of the primary
financial institutions holding such deposits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such bank accounts and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank
accounts. At December 31, 2023, there were no balances in excess of the federally-insured limits.
The Company’s concentrations of credit risk with respect to its rent receivable is limited due to short-term payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit
evaluations of its tenants to help further reduce credit risk.
Rent Receivable and Reserve for Credit Losses
Rent receivable is presented net of reserve for credit losses. Rent receivable balance consists of base rents, tenant reimbursements and receivables arising from straight-lining of
rents represent amounts accrued and unpaid from tenants in accordance with the terms of the respective leases, subject to the Company’s revenue recognition policy. A reverse
for the uncollectible portion of rent receivable is determined based upon an analysis of the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in
the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in Freehold, New Jersey in which the property is located.
Management believes that the rent receivable is fully collectable. Therefore, no material reverse for credit losses is deemed to be required on its rent receivable at December 31,
2023 and 2022.
F-14
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Deferred Offering Costs
Deferred offering costs consist of legal, accounting and other costs that are directly related to the Company’s open market sale equity financing and will be charged to
stockholders’ equity upon the completion of the equity offering. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, deferred offering costs amounted to $175,136 and $174,107, of which
$175,136 and $34,821 were included in prepaid expense and other current assets and $0 and $139,286 were included in other non-current assets, respectively.
Deferred Leasing Costs
Costs incurred to obtain tenant leases are amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the related lease agreement. Such costs include lease incentives and leasing
commissions. If the lease is terminated early, the remaining unamortized deferred leasing cost is written off.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation, and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost of
repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated
depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income in the period of disposition. The Company examines the possibility of
decreases in the value of fixed assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable.
Investment In Real Estate and Depreciation
Investment in real estate is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation, and consists of building and improvement. The Company depreciates real estate building and
improvement on a straight-line basis over estimated useful life. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditure for
improvements, renovations, and replacements of real estate asset is capitalized and depreciated over its estimated useful life if the expenditure qualifies as betterment.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
In accordance with ASC Topic 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of
the assets may not be fully recoverable, or at least annually. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than
the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred impairment charges in operations of $22,285 on the laboratory equipment. The valuations of the laboratory
equipment, and the amounts of the impairment charge, were based on impairment assessments conducted on the equipment held for sale at December 31, 2022.
Investment in Unconsolidated Companies
The Company uses the equity method of accounting for its investments in, and earning or loss of, companies that it does not control but over which it does exert significant
influence. The Company considers whether the fair values of its equity method investments have declined below their carrying values whenever adverse events or changes in
circumstances indicate that recorded values may not be recoverable. If the Company considers any decline to be other than temporary (based on various factors, including
historical financial results and the overall health of the investee), then a write-down would be recorded to estimated fair value. Impairment of equity method investment
amounted to $9,651,361 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 7 for discussion of equity method investments.
F-15
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Deferred Rental Income
Deferred rental income represents rental income collected but not earned as of the reporting date. The Company defers the revenue related to lease payments received from
tenants in advance of their due dates. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, deferred rental income totaled $11,429 and $27,685, respectively, which were included in accrued
liabilities and other payables on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Real Property Rental Revenue
The Company has determined that ASC 606 does not apply to rental contracts, which are within the scope of other revenue recognition accounting standards.
Rental income from operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis under the guidance of ASC 842. Lease payments under tenant leases are recognized on a straight-line
basis over the term of the related leases. The cumulative difference between lease revenue recognized under the straight-line method and contractual lease payments are
included in account receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company does not offer promotional payments, customer coupons, rebates or other cash redemption offers to its customers.
Office Lease
When a lease contains “rent holidays”, the Company records rental expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The Company begins recording rent expense on
the lease possession date.
Real Property Operating Expenses
Real property operating expenses consist of property management fees, property insurance, real estate taxes, depreciation, repairs and maintenance fees, utilities and other
expenses related to the Company’s rental properties.
Research and Development
Expenditures for research and product development costs are expensed as incurred. The Company incurred research and development expense of $109,618 and $731,328 in the
years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Advertising and Marketing Costs
All costs related to advertising and marketing are expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, advertising and marketing costs amounted to
$1,666,721 and $1,325,313, respectively.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation awards in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718, Compensation—Stock
Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all stock-based payments to employees and non-employees including grants of stock options, to be recognized as expense in the
statements of operations based on their grant date fair values. The Company estimates the grant date fair value of each option award using the Black-Scholes option-pricing
model.
The Company periodically issues common stock and common stock options to consultants for various services. Costs of these transactions are measured at the fair value of the
service received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The value of the common stock is measured at the earlier of (i) the
date at which a firm commitment for performance by the counterparty to earn the equity instruments is reached or (ii) the date at which the counterparty’s performance is
complete.
F-16
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Income Taxes
The Company is governed by the income tax laws of China and the United States. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset/liability method prescribed by ASC
740, “Income Taxes.” Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and
liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to offset
deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on
deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or loss in the period that includes the enactment date.
The Company follows the accounting guidance for uncertainty in income taxes using the provisions of ASC 740 “Income Taxes”. Using that guidance, the benefit for tax
positions taken can only be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. As of
December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no significant uncertain tax positions which would require either recognition of a liability or disclosure in the financial
statements. For United States entities, tax year that remains subject to examination is the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020. For China entities, income tax
returns for the tax years ended December 31, 2019 through December 31, 2023 remain open for statutory examination by PRC tax authorities. The Company recognizes interest
and penalties related to significant uncertain income tax positions in income tax expense. However, no such interest and penalties were recorded as of December 31, 2023 and
2022.
Foreign Currency Translation
The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the parent company, AHS, Avalon RT 9, and Avalon Lab is the U.S. dollar and the
functional currency of Avalon Shanghai is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). For Avalon Shanghai whose functional currency is the RMB, result of operations and cash flows are
translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period, and equity is translated at
historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts relating to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the
corresponding balances on the balance sheets. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are
included in determining comprehensive income/loss. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing
on the transaction dates. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet
date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included
in the results of operations as incurred. All of the Company’s revenue transactions are transacted in the functional currency of the operating subsidiaries. The Company does not
enter into any material transaction in foreign currencies. Transaction gains or losses have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on the results of operations of
the Company.
Asset and liability accounts at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were translated at 7.0786 RMB and 6.8979 RMB to $1.00, respectively, which were the exchange rates on the
balance sheet dates. Equity accounts were stated at their historical rates. The average translation rates applied to the statements of operations for the years ended December 31,
2023 and 2022 were 7.0752 RMB and 6.7309 RMB to $1.00, respectively. Cash flows from the Company’s operations are calculated based upon the local currencies using the
average translation rate.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss and all changes to the statements of equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and
distributions to stockholders. For the Company, comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of net loss and unrealized loss from foreign
currency translation adjustment.
Commitments and Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters.
Liabilities for such contingencies are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.
F-17
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Per Share Data
ASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the
basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could
occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the
earnings of the entity.
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the
period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, common stock equivalents and potentially
dilutive securities outstanding during each period. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuable
upon the conversion of convertible preferred stock and convertible note (using the if-converted method) and exercise of common stock options and warrants (using the treasury
stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive. In a period in which the
Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding as they would have had an anti-dilutive impact.
The following table summarizes the securities that were excluded from the diluted per share calculation because the effect of including these potential shares was antidilutive:
Options to purchase common stock
Warrants to purchase common stock
Series A convertible preferred stock (*)
Series B convertible preferred stock (**)
Convertible notes (***)
Potentially dilutive securities
Years Ended December 31,
2022
2023
853,303
645,527
900,000
2,910,053
911,111
6,219,994
858,500
123,964
900,000
-
572,145
2,454,609
(*) Assumed the Series A convertible preferred stock was converted into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $10.00 per share.
(**) Assumed the Series B convertible preferred stock was converted into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $3.78 per share.
(***) Assumed the convertible notes were converted into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $4.50 and $1.50 per share for the year ended
December 31, 2023. Assumed the convertible note was converted into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $6.50 per share for the year
ended December 31, 2022.
Noncontrolling Interest
As of December 31, 2023, Dr. Yu Zhou, former director and former Co-Chief Executive Officer of Genexosome, who owns 40% of the equity interests of Genexosome, which
is not under the Company’s control. Since the fourth quarter of 2019, the non-controlling interest has remained inactive.
F-18
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Segment Reporting
The Company uses “the management approach” in determining reportable operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting
used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source for determining the Company’s reportable
segments. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and president of the Company, who reviews operating results to make
decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company operated in two reportable business segments - (1) the real property operating segment, and (2) the medical related
consulting services segment. These reportable segments offer different services and products, have different types of revenue, and are managed separately as each requires
different operating strategies and management expertise. Due to the winding down of the medical related consulting services segment in 2022, the Company decided to cease
all operations of this segment and no longer has any material revenues or expenses in this segment. As a result, commencing from the first quarter of 2023, the Company’s chief
operating decision maker no longer reviews medical related consulting services operating results.
On February 9, 2023, the Company purchased 40% of Lab Services MSO. Commencing from the purchase date, February 9, 2023, the Company is active in the management of
Lab Services MSO. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company operated in two reportable business segments: (1) the real property operating segment, and (2)
laboratory testing services segment (which commenced with the purchase date, February 9, 2023) since Lab Services MSO’s operating results are regularly reviewed by the
Company’s chief operating decision maker to determine the resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance. The Company regularly reviews the operating
results and performance of Lab Services MSO, for which the Company accounts for under the equity method.
Reclassification
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the previously reported financial
position, results of operations and cash flows.
Fiscal Year End
The Company has adopted a fiscal year end of December 31st.
Reverse Stock Split
The Company effected a one-for-ten reverse stock split of its outstanding shares of common stock on January 5, 2023. The reverse split did not change the number of
authorized shares of common stock or par value. All references in these consolidated financial statements to shares, share prices, exercise prices, and other per share
information in all periods have been adjusted, on a retroactive basis, to reflect the reverse stock split.
F-19
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Recent Accounting Standards
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“Topic
326”). The ASU introduces a new accounting model, the Current Expected Credit Losses model (“CECL”), which requires earlier recognition of credit losses and additional
disclosures related to credit risk. The CECL model utilizes a lifetime expected credit loss measurement objective for the recognition of credit losses at the time the financial
asset is originated or acquired. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual period beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim reporting periods within those annual
reporting periods. The adoption of this new guidance did not have any material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers,
which amends the accounting related to contract assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations. ASU 2021-08 requires that entities recognize and measure contract
assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2021-08 is effective for
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on
or after the effective date of the amendment. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The adoption of this new guidance did not have any material
impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This guidance is intended to enhance the
transparency and decision-usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily
through changes to disclosure regarding rate reconciliation and income taxes paid both in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis, with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The company is currently
evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements disclosures.
Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by FASB that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the
consolidated financial statements upon adoption. The Company does not discuss recent pronouncements that are not anticipated to have an impact on or are unrelated to its
consolidated financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.
NOTE 4 – PREPAID EXPENSE AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, prepaid expense and other current assets consisted of the following:
Prepaid professional fees
Prepaid directors and officers liability insurance premium
Deferred offering costs
Deferred leasing costs
Security deposit
Due from broker
Others
Total
NOTE 5 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, property and equipment consisted of the following:
Laboratory equipment
Office equipment and furniture
Less: accumulated depreciation
December 31,
December 31,
2023
2022
33,062 $
27,192
175,136
33,402
-
37,187
62,015
367,994 $
93,817
29,301
34,821
33,402
19,084
-
37,565
247,990
December 31,
December 31,
2023
2022
100,548 $
54,797
155,345
(117,262)
38,083 $
374,183
35,145
409,328
(271,034)
138,294
$
$
$
$
Useful life
5 Years
3 – 10 Years
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, depreciation expense of property and equipment amounted to $43,037 and $162,040, respectively, of which, $7,221 and
$2,987 was included in real property operating expenses, $417 and $825 was included in other operating expenses, and $35,399 and $158,228 was included in research and
development expense, respectively.
F-20
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 6 – INVESTMENT IN REAL ESTATE
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, investment in real estate consisted of the following:
Commercial real property building
Improvement
Less: accumulated depreciation
Useful life
39 Years
12 Years
December 31,
December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
7,708,571 $
529,372
8,237,943
(1,046,539)
7,191,404 $
7,708,571
529,372
8,237,943
(877,856)
7,360,087
For both the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, depreciation expense of this commercial real property amounted to $168,683, which was included in real property
operating expenses.
NOTE 7 – EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS
Investment in Epicon Biotech Co., Ltd.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the equity method investment in Epicon Biotech Co., Ltd. (“Epicon”) amounted to $0 and $485,008, respectively. The investment
represents the Company’s subsidiary, Avalon Shanghai’s interest in Epicon. Epicon was incorporated on August 14, 2018 in PRC. Avalon Shanghai and an unrelated company,
Jiangsu Unicorn Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (“Unicorn”), have an ownership interest in Epicon of 40% and 60%, respectively. Epicon is focused on cell preparation, third
party testing, biological sample repository for commercial and scientific research purposes and clinical transformation of scientific achievements. The Company is not involved
in the management of Epicon. Therefore, it is a passive investment.
In June 2023, the Company assessed its equity method investment in Epicon for any impairment and concluded that there were indicators of impairment as of June 30, 2023.
The impairment is due to the Company’s conclusion that it will be unable to recover the carrying amount of the investment due to the investee’s series of operating losses and
the inability of Avalon Shanghai’s joint venture partner (Unicorn) to obtain adequate funding to commence operations. The Company calculated that the estimated undiscounted
cash flows were less than the carrying amount related to the equity method investment. The Company has recognized an impairment loss of $454,679 related to the equity
method investment for the year ended December 31, 2023, which reduced the investment value to zero.
Under the equity method, if there is a commitment for the Company to fund the losses of its equity method investees, the Company would continue to record its share of losses
resulting in a negative equity method investment, which would be presented as a liability on the consolidated balance sheets. Commitments may be explicit and may include
formal guarantees, legal obligations, or arrangements by contract. Implicit commitments may arise from reputational expectations, intercompany relationships, statements by
the Company of its intention to provide support, a history of providing financial support or other facts and circumstances. When the Company has no commitment to fund the
losses of its equity method investees, the carrying value of its equity method investments will not be reduced below zero. The Company has no commitment to fund additional
losses of its equity method investments.
Investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC
On February 9, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into and closed an Amended and Restated Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Amended MIPA”),
by and among Avalon Laboratory Services, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Buyer”), SCBC Holdings LLC (the “Seller”), the Zoe Family Trust, Bryan
Cox and Sarah Cox as individuals (each an “Owner” and collectively, the “Owners”), and Laboratory Services MSO, LLC.
Pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in the Amended MIPA, the Buyer acquired from the Seller, forty percent (40%) of the issued and outstanding equity interests of
Lab Services MSO (the “Purchased Interests”). The consideration paid by Buyer to Seller for the Purchased Interests consisted of $20,666,667, which was comprised of (i)
$9,000,000 in cash, (ii) $11,000,000 pursuant to the issuance of 11,000 shares of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), stated
value $1,000 (the “Series B Stated Value”), which approximated the fair value, and (iii) a $666,667 cash payment on February 9, 2024. The Series B Preferred Stock is
convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price per share equal to $3.78, which approximated the market price at the date of closing, or an
aggregate of 2,910,053 shares of the Company’s common stock, which are subject to a lock-up period and restrictions on sale (See Note 14 — Series B Convertible Preferred
Stock Issued for Equity Method Investment).
F-21
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 7 – EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS (continued)
Investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC (continued)
Lab Services MSO, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in providing laboratory testing services. Avalon Lab and an unrelated company, have an ownership interest in Lab
Services MSO of 40% and 60%, respectively.
In accordance with ASC 810, the Company determined that Lab Services MSO does not qualify as a Variable Interest Entity, nor does it have a controlling financial interest
over the legal entity. However, the Company determined that it does have significant influence as a result of its board representation. Therefore, the Company treats the equity
investment in the consolidated financial statements under the equity method. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recorded at cost, adjusted for any excess of the
Company’s share of the purchased-date fair values of the investee’s identifiable net assets over the cost of the investment (if any). At February 9, 2023 (date of investment), the
excess of the Company’s share of the fair values of the investee’s identifiable net assets over the cost of the investment was approximately $19,460,000 which was attributable
to intangible assets and goodwill. Thereafter, the investment is adjusted for the post purchase change in the Company’s share of the investee’s net assets and any impairment
loss relating to the investment.
Intangible assets consist of the valuation of identifiable intangible assets acquired, representing trade names and customers relationships, which are being amortized on a
straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 15 years. The straight-line method of amortization represents the Company’s best estimate of the distribution of the
economic value of the identifiable intangible assets.
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of net assets acquired in the business acquisition of Lab Services MSO incurred on February 9,
2023. Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at December 31, 2023.
In December 2023, the Company assessed its equity method investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC for any impairment and concluded that there were indicators of
impairment as of December 31, 2023. The Company calculated that the estimated undiscounted cash flows of goodwill were less than the carrying amount of goodwill related
to the equity method investment. The Company has recognized an impairment loss of $9,196,682 related to the equity method investment for the year ended December 31,
2023.
For the period from February 9, 2023 (date of investment) through December 31, 2023, the Company’s share of Lab Services MSO’s net income was $625,035, which was
included in income from equity method investment — Lab Services MSO in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
In the year ended December 31, 2023, activity recorded for the Company’s equity method investment in Lab Services MSO is summarized in the following table:
Equity investment carrying amount at January 1, 2023
Payment for equity method investment:
The Company’s interest in the fair value of Lab Services MSO’s net assets at February 9, 2023
The Company’s interest in the net excess of Lab Services MSO’s fair value over net assets which was attributable to identifiable intangible assets at
February 9, 2023
The Company’s interest in the net excess of Lab Services MSO’s fair value over net assets which was attributable to goodwill at February 9, 2023
Loss from equity method investment – Lab Services MSO:
Lab Services MSO’s net income attributable to the Company
Intangible assets amortization amount
Impairment of goodwill
Equity investment carrying amount at December 31, 2023
$
-
1,206,406
10,004,000
9,456,261
20,666,667
1,236,391
(611,356)
(9,196,682)
(8,571,647)
12,095,020
$
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s carrying value of the identified intangible assets and goodwill which are included in the equity investment carrying amount was
$9,392,644 and $259,579, respectively.
The tables below present the summarized financial information, as provided to the Company by the investee, for the unconsolidated company:
Current assets
Noncurrent assets
Current liabilities
Noncurrent liabilities
Equity
F-22
December 31,
$
2023
4,930,254
5,228,044
828,713
4,104,183
5,225,402
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 7 – EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS (continued)
Investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC (continued)
Net revenue
Gross profit
Income from operation
Net income
NOTE 8 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLES
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following:
Accrued tenants’ improvement reimbursement
Tenants’ security deposit
Accrued business expense reimbursement
Accrued utilities
Deferred rental income
Accrued real property cleaning service fee
Interest payable
Taxes payable
Others
Total
NOTE 9 – CONVERTIBLE NOTE PAYABLE
2022 Convertible Note
For the Period
from
February 9,
2023
(Date of
Investment)
through
$
December 31,
2023
12,699,683
4,744,277
2,393,830
3,090,977
December 31,
December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
43,500 $
81,233
25,061
15,166
11,429
7,570
55,027
11,794
22,135
272,915 $
43,500
73,733
52,437
15,631
27,685
23,564
-
7,337
39,347
283,234
On March 28, 2022, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreement with an accredited investor, which was amended on June 8, 2022, providing for the sale by the
Company to the investor of a Convertible Note in the amount of $3,718,943 (“2022 Convertible Note”). In addition to the 2022 Convertible Note, the investor also received a
Stock Purchase Warrant (“2022 Warrant”) to acquire an aggregate of 123,964 shares of common stock. The 2022 Warrant is exercisable for five years at an exercise price of
$12.5. The financing closed with respect to:
● $2,669,522 of the financing on April 15, 2022,
● $659,581 of the financing on April 29, 2022,
● $199,840 of the financing on May 18, 2022, and
● $190,000 of the financing on May 25, 2022.
As a result of each of the closings, the Company issued the investor a 2022 Convertible Note in the principal amount of $2,669,522 and a 2022 Warrant to
acquire 88,984 shares of common stock dated April 15, 2022, a 2022 Convertible Note in the principal amount of $659,581 and a 2022 Warrant to acquire 21,986 shares of
common stock dated April 29, 2022, a 2022 Convertible Note in the principal amount of $199,840 and a 2022 Warrant to acquire 6,661 shares of common stock dated May 18,
2022, and a 2022 Convertible Note in the principal amount of $190,000 and a 2022 Warrant to acquire 6,333 shares of common stock dated May 25, 2022.
Interest accrued on the principal amount at 1.0% per annum. The investor may elect to convert all or part of the 2022 Convertible Note, plus accrued interest, at any time into
shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price equal to 95% of the average of the highest three trading prices for the common stock during the 20-trading day
period ending one trading day prior to the conversion date but in no event will the conversion price be lower than $0.75 per share.
F-23
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 9 – CONVERTIBLE NOTE PAYABLE (continued)
2022 Convertible Note (continued)
The investor agreed to restrict its ability to convert the 2022 Convertible Note and exercise the 2022 Warrant and receive shares of common stock such that the number of
shares of common stock held by the investor after such conversion or exercise does not exceed 4.99% of the then issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Further, the
investor agreed to not sell or transfer any or all of the shares of common stock underlying the 2022 Convertible Note or the 2022 Warrant for a period of 90 days beginning on
the closing date (the “Lock-Up Period”). Following the expiration of the Lock-Up Period, the investor has agreed to limit its sale or transfer of such shares of common stock to
a maximum monthly amount equal to 20% of the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the 2022 Convertible Note. The Company agreed to use its reasonable
best efforts to file a registration statement on Form S-3 (or other appropriate form) providing for the resale by the investor of the shares of common stock underlying the 2022
Convertible Note and the 2022 Warrant.
Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC Topic 815-40, “Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”, the Company determined
that all the warrants issued to the investor with this private placement were classified as equity in additional paid in-capital.
In accordance with ASC 470-20-25-2, proceeds from the sale of a debt instrument with stock purchase warrants are allocated to the two elements based on the relative fair
values of the debt instrument without the warrants and of the warrants themselves at time of issuance. The portion of the proceeds so allocated to the warrants are accounted for
as additional paid-in capital. The remainder of the proceeds are allocated to the debt instrument portion of the transaction.
The fair values of the warrants issued to the investor with this private placement were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
volatility of 111.94%, risk-free rate of 2.71% - 2.92%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.
In accordance with ASC 480-10-25-14, the Company determined that the conversion provisions contain an embedded derivative feature and the Company valued the derivative
feature separately, and recorded debt discount and derivative liabilities in accordance with the provisions of the convertible debt (see Note 10). The Company calculated the fair
value of conversion option at the commitment dates using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following assumptions: volatility of 95.97%, risk-free rate of 2.75%
- 2.89%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 10 years.
The warrants issued to the investor to purchase 123,964 shares of the Company’s common stock were treated as a discount on the convertible note payable and were valued at
$498,509 and had been amortized over the term of the 2022 Convertible Note. Additionally, the fair value of embedded conversion option at commitment dates, which was
valued at $2,782,569, was recorded as a discount on the convertible note payable and had been amortized over the term of the 2022 Convertible Note. Hence, in connection
with the issuance of the 2022 Convertible Note and 2022 Warrant, the Company recorded a total debt discount of $3,281,078, which had been amortized over the term of the
convertible note payable.
On July 25, 2022, the Company and the investor entered into a Conversion Agreement (“Conversion Agreement”) pursuant to which the investor converted all of its
Convertible Notes in the principal amount of $3,718,943 and unpaid interest of $9,751 into 573,645 shares of common stock of the Company at a per share price of $6.5 (see
Note 14 - Common Shares Issued for Debt Conversion). The Company recorded a conversion inducement charge of $344,264 as a result of the Conversion Agreement,
representing the value of common stock issued upon conversion in excess of the common stock issuable under the original terms of the 2022 Convertible Note.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, amortization of debt discount and interest expense related to the 2022 Convertible Note amounted to $3,281,078 and $9,751, which
have been included in interest expense – amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost and interest expense – other, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
F-24
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 9 – CONVERTIBLE NOTE PAYABLE (continued)
May 2023 Convertible Note
On May 23, 2023, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with Mast Hill Fund, L.P. (“Mast Hill”) for the issuance of 13.0% senior secured promissory notes
in the aggregate principal amount of $1,500,000 (collectively, the “May 2023 Convertible Note”) convertible into shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the
Company, as well as the issuance of 75,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee and warrants for the purchase of 230,500 shares of common stock of the Company.
The Company and its subsidiaries have also entered into a security agreement, creating a security interest in certain property of the Company and its subsidiaries to secure the
prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of the Company’s obligations under the May 2023 Convertible Note. Principal amount and interest under the May
2023 Convertible Note are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $4.50 per share unless the Company fails to make an amortization
payment when due, in which case the conversion price shall be the lower of $4.50 or the trading price of the shares, subject to a floor of $1.50.
Mast Hill acquired the May 2023 Convertible Note with principal amount of $1,500,000 and paid the purchase price of $1,425,000 after an original issue discount of $75,000.
On May 23, 2023, the Company issued (i) a warrant to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of
May 23, 2023, (ii) a warrant to purchase 105,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023, which
warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the May 2023 Convertible Note, and (iii) 75,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee for the purchase
of the May 2023 Convertible Note, which were earned in full as of May 23, 2023. On May 23, 2023, the Company delivered such duly executed May 2023 Convertible Note,
warrants and common stock to Mast Hill against delivery of such purchase price.
The Company is obligated to make amortization payments in cash to Mast Hill towards the repayment of the May 2023 Convertible Note, as provided in the following table:
Payment Date:
November 23, 2023
December 23, 2023
January 23, 2024
February 23, 2024
March 23, 2024
April 23, 2024
May 23, 2024
Payment Amount:
$150,000 plus accrued interest through November 23, 2023
$150,000 plus accrued interest through December 23, 2023
$200,000 plus accrued interest through January 23, 2024
$250,000 plus accrued interest through February 23, 2024
$250,000 plus accrued interest through March 23, 2024
$300,000 plus accrued interest through April 23, 2024
The entire remaining outstanding balance of the May 2023 Convertible Note
In connection with the issuance of the May 2023 Convertible Note, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $175,162 (including the issuance of 10,000 warrants as a
finder’s fee) which is capitalized and will be amortized into interest expense over the term of the May 2023 Convertible Note.
Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Mast Hill and a third party as a finder’s fee
met the definition of a derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to
make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 105,500 warrants with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year
anniversary of May 23, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the May 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero.
Accordingly, the fair value of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 was classified as derivative
liability on May 23, 2023. The fair values of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 issued on May 23,
2023 were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $1.96, volatility of 88.80%, risk-free rate of 3.76%, annual
dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.
In accordance with ASC 470-20-25-2, proceeds from the sale of a debt instrument with stock purchase warrants are allocated to the two elements based on the relative fair
values of the debt instrument without the warrants and of the warrants themselves at time of issuance. The portion of the proceeds allocated to the warrants are accounted for as
derivative liability. The remainder of the proceeds are allocated to the debt instrument portion of the transaction.
F-25
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 9 – CONVERTIBLE NOTE PAYABLE (continued)
May 2023 Convertible Note (continued)
In accordance with ASC 480-10-25-14, the Company determined that the conversion provisions contain an embedded derivative feature and the Company valued the derivative
feature separately, recording debt discount and derivative liability in accordance with the provisions of the convertible debt (see Note 10). However, management determined
the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the embedded conversion feature has been estimated to be zero.
The Company recorded a total debt discount of $349,654 related to the original issue discount, common shares issued and warrants issued to Mast Hill, which will be amortized
over the term of the May 2023 Convertible Note.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs and interest expense related to the May 2023 Convertible Note amounted to
$307,123 and $115,450, respectively, which have been included in interest expense — amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost and interest expense — other on the
accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
July 2023 Convertible Note
On July 6, 2023, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with Firstfire Global Opportunities Fund, LLC (“Firstfire”) for the issuance of 13.0% senior secured
promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $500,000 (collectively, the “July 2023 Convertible Note”) convertible into shares of common stock, par value
$0.0001 per share, of the Company, as well as the issuance of 25,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee and warrants for the purchase of 76,830 shares of common
stock of the Company. The Company and its subsidiaries have also entered into a security agreement, creating a security interest in certain property of the Company and its
subsidiaries to secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of the Company’s obligations under the July 2023 Convertible Note. Principal amount and
interest under the July 2023 Convertible Note are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $4.50 per share unless the Company fails to
make an amortization payment when due, in which case the conversion price shall be the lower of $4.50 or the trading price of the shares, subject to a floor of $1.50.
Firstfire acquired the July 2023 Convertible Note with principal amount of $500,000 and paid the purchase price of $475,000 after an original issue discount of $25,000. On
July 6, 2023, the Company issued (i) a warrant to purchase 41,665 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6,
2023, (ii) a warrant to purchase 35,165 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023, which warrant shall
be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the July 2023 Convertible Note, and (iii) 25,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee for the purchase of the July
2023 Convertible Note, which were earned in full as of July 6, 2023. On July 6, 2023, the Company delivered such duly executed July 2023 Convertible Note, warrants and
common stock to Firstfire against delivery of such purchase price.
The Company is obligated to make amortization payments in cash to Firstfire towards the repayment of the July 2023 Convertible Note, as provided in the following table:
Payment Date:
January 6, 2024
February 6, 2024
March 6, 2024
April 6, 2024
May 6, 2024
June 6, 2024
July 6, 2024
Payment Amount:
$50,000 plus accrued interest through January 6, 2024
$50,000 plus accrued interest through February 6, 2024
$66,000 plus accrued interest through March 6, 2024
$83,000 plus accrued interest through April 6, 2024
$83,000 plus accrued interest through May 6, 2024
$100,000 plus accrued interest through June 6, 2024
The entire remaining outstanding balance of the July 2023 Convertible Note
In connection with the issuance of the July 2023 Convertible Note, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $74,204 (including the issuance of 3,333 warrants as a finder’s
fee), which is capitalized and will be amortized into interest expense over the term of the July 2023 Convertible Note.
F-26
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 9 – CONVERTIBLE NOTE PAYABLE (continued)
July 2023 Convertible Note (continued)
Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Firstfire and a third party as a finder’s fee
meet the definition of a derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing
to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 35,165 warrants with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year
anniversary of July 6, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the July 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero. Accordingly,
the fair value of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 was classified as a derivative liability on July 6,
2023. The fair values of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 issued on July 6, 2023 were computed
using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $1.42, volatility of 88.52%, risk-free rate of 4.37%, annual dividend yield of 0%
and expected life of 5 years.
In accordance with ASC 470-20-25-2, proceeds from the sale of a debt instrument with stock purchase warrants are allocated to the two elements based on the relative fair
values of the debt instrument without the warrants and of the warrants themselves at time of issuance. The portion of the proceeds allocated to the warrants are accounted for as
derivative liability. The remainder of the proceeds are allocated to the debt instrument portion of the transaction.
In accordance with ASC 480-10-25-14, the Company determined that the conversion provisions contain an embedded derivative feature and the Company valued the derivative
feature separately, recording debt discount and derivative liability in accordance with the provisions of the convertible debt (see Note 10). However, management determined
the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the embedded conversion feature has been estimated to be zero.
The Company recorded a total debt discount of $89,191 related to the original issue discount, common shares issued and warrants issued to Firstfire, which will be amortized
over the term of the July 2023 Convertible Note.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs and interest expense related to the July 2023 Convertible Note amounted to
$78,974 and $31,164, respectively, which have been included in interest expense — amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost and interest expense — other on the
accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
October 2023 Convertible Note
On October 9, 2023, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with Mast Hill and Firstfire for the issuance of 13.0% senior secured promissory notes in the
aggregate principal amount of $700,000 (collectively, the “October 2023 Convertible Note”) convertible into shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the
Company, as well as the issuance of 70,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee and warrants for the purchase of 192,500 shares of common stock of the Company.
The Company and its subsidiaries have entered into that certain security agreements, creating a security interest in certain property of the Company and its subsidiaries to
secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of the Company’s obligations under the October 2023 Convertible Note. Principal amount and interest
under the October 2023 Convertible Note are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $1.50 per share unless the Company fails to
make an amortization payment when due, in which case the conversion price shall be the lower of $1.50 or the market price (as defined in the October 2023 Convertible Note)
of the shares.
Mast Hill acquired the October 2023 Convertible Note with principal amount of $350,000 and paid the purchase price of $332,500 after an original issue discount of $17,500.
On October 9, 2023, the Company issued (i) a warrant to purchase 52,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of
October 9, 2023, (ii) a warrant to purchase 43,750 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.80 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, which
warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, and (iii) 35,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee for the
purchase of the October 2023 Convertible Note, which were earned in full as of October 9, 2023. On October 9, 2023, the Company delivered such duly executed October 2023
Convertible Note, warrants and common stock to Mast Hill against delivery of such purchase price.
F-27
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 9 – CONVERTIBLE NOTE PAYABLE (continued)
October 2023 Convertible Note (continued)
The Company is obligated to make amortization payments in cash to Mast Hill towards the repayment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, as provided in the following table:
Payment Date:
April 9, 2024
May 9, 2024
June 9, 2024
July 9, 2024
August 9, 2024
September 9, 2024
October 9, 2024
Payment Amount:
$35,000 plus accrued interest through April 9, 2024
$35,000 plus accrued interest through May 9, 2024
$46,667 plus accrued interest through June 9, 2024
$58,333 plus accrued interest through July 9, 2024
$58,333 plus accrued interest through August 9, 2024
$70,000 plus accrued interest through September 9, 2024
The entire remaining outstanding balance of the October 2023 Convertible Note
Firstfire acquired the October 2023 Convertible Note with principal amount of $350,000 and paid the purchase price of $332,500 after an original issue discount of $17,500. On
October 9, 2023, the Company issued (i) a warrant to purchase 52,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of
October 9, 2023, (ii) a warrant to purchase 43,750 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.80 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, which
warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, and (iii) 35,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee for the
purchase of the October 2023 Convertible Note, which were earned in full as of October 9, 2023. On October 9, 2023, the Company delivered such duly executed October 2023
Convertible Note, warrants and common stock to Firstfire against delivery of such purchase price.
The Company is obligated to make amortization payments in cash to Firstfire towards the repayment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, as provided in the following table:
Payment Date:
April 9, 2024
May 9, 2024
June 9, 2024
July 9, 2024
August 9, 2024
September 9, 2024
October 9, 2024
Payment Amount:
$35,000 plus accrued interest through April 9, 2024
$35,000 plus accrued interest through May 9, 2024
$46,667 plus accrued interest through June 9, 2024
$58,333 plus accrued interest through July 9, 2024
$58,333 plus accrued interest through August 9, 2024
$70,000 plus accrued interest through September 9, 2024
The entire remaining outstanding balance of the October 2023 Convertible Note
In connection with the issuance of the October 2023 Convertible Note, the Company incurred debt issuance costs of $95,349 (including the issuance of 8,400 warrants as a
finder’s fee), which is capitalized and will be amortized into interest expense over the term of the October 2023 Convertible Note.
Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Mast Hill and Firstfire and a third party as a
finder’s fee meet the definition of a derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability
of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 87,500 warrants with an exercise price of $1.80 exercisable until the five-
year anniversary of October 9, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero.
Accordingly, the fair value of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 was classified as a derivative
liability on October 9, 2023. The fair values of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 issued on
October 9, 2023 were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $0.77, volatility of 89.70%, risk-free rate
of 4.75%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.
F-28
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 9 – CONVERTIBLE NOTE PAYABLE (continued)
October 2023 Convertible Note (continued)
In accordance with ASC 470-20-25-2, proceeds from the sale of a debt instrument with stock purchase warrants are allocated to the two elements based on the relative fair
values of the debt instrument without the warrants and of the warrants themselves at time of issuance. The portion of the proceeds allocated to the warrants are accounted for as
derivative liability. The remainder of the proceeds are allocated to the debt instrument portion of the transaction.
In accordance with ASC 480-10-25-14, the Company determined that the conversion provisions contain an embedded derivative feature and the Company valued the derivative
feature separately, recording debt discount and derivative liability in accordance with the provisions of the convertible debt (see Note 10). However, management determined
the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the embedded conversion feature has been estimated to be zero.
The Company recorded a total debt discount of $128,748 related to the original issue discount, common shares issued and warrants issued to Mast Hill and Firstfire, which will
be amortized over the term of the October 2023 Convertible Note.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs and interest expense related to the October 2023 Convertible Note amounted to
$51,356 and $20,444, respectively, which have been included in interest expense — amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost and interest expense — other on the
accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
NOTE 10 – DERIVATIVE LIABILITY
As stated in Note 9, 2022 Convertible Note, the Company determined that the convertible note payable contained an embedded derivative feature in the form of a conversion
provision which was adjustable based on future prices of the Company’s common stock. In accordance with ASC 815-10-25, each derivative feature was initially recorded at its
fair value using the Black-Scholes option valuation method and then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations.
The estimated fair value of the derivative feature of convertible debt was $2,782,569 at commitment dates, which was calculated using the following assumptions: volatility
of 95.97%, risk-free rate of 2.75% - 2.89%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 10 years. On July 25, 2022, the Company and the 2022 Convertible Note holder
entered into a Conversion Agreement pursuant to which the investor converted all of its Convertible Notes into shares of common stock of the Company. The estimated fair
value of the derivative feature of convertible debt was $2,181,820 on July 25, 2022, which was computed using the following assumptions: volatility of 95.53%, risk-free rate
of 2.81%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 9.7 – 9.8 years.
Increases or decreases in fair value of the derivative liability is included as a component of total other (expenses) income in the accompanying consolidated statements of
operations and comprehensive loss. The change to the derivative liability for the embedded conversion option resulted in a decrease of $600,749 in the derivative liability and
the corresponding increase in other income as a gain for the year ended December 31, 2022.
As stated in Note 9, May 2023 Convertible Note, July 2023 Convertible Note, and October 2023 Convertible Note, the Company determined that the convertible note payable
contains an embedded derivative feature in the form of a conversion provision which is adjustable based on future prices of the Company’s common stock. In accordance with
ASC 815-10-25, each derivative feature is initially recorded at its fair value using the Black-Scholes option valuation method and then re-value at each reporting date, with
changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. However, on May 23, 2023, July 6, 2023, October 9, 2023, and December 31, 2023, management determined
the probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the embedded conversion feature has been estimated to be zero.
On May 23, 2023, the Company issued 240,500 warrants to Mast Hill and a third party as a finder’s fee (see Note 9). Upon evaluation, the warrants meet the definition of a
derivative liability under FASB ASC 815, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to
make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 105,500 warrants with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year
anniversary of May 23, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the May 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero.
Accordingly, the fair value of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 was classified as a derivative
liability on May 23, 2023.
F-29
NOTE 10 – DERIVATIVE LIABILITY (continued)
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
On May 23, 2023, the estimated fair value of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 issued were
computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $1.96, volatility of 88.80%, risk-free rate of 3.76%, annual dividend
yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.
On December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 as
derivative liability was $14,805. The estimated fair value of the warrants was computed as of December 31, 2023 using Black-Scholes option-pricing model, with the following
assumptions: stock price of $0.48, volatility of 83.96%, risk-free rate of 3.84%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 4.4 years.
On July 6, 2023, the Company issued 80,163 warrants to Firstfire and a third party as a finder’s fee (see Note 9). Upon evaluation, the warrants meet the definition of a
derivative liability under FASB ASC 815, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to
make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 35,165 warrants with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year
anniversary of July 6, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the July 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero. Accordingly,
the fair value of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 was classified as a derivative liability on July 6,
2023.
On July 6, 2023, the estimated fair values of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 issued were
computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $1.42, volatility of 88.52%, risk-free rate of 4.37%, annual dividend
yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.
On December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 as derivative
liability was $5,098. The estimated fair value of the warrants was computed as of December 31, 2023 using Black-Scholes option-pricing model, with the following
assumptions: stock price of $0.48, volatility of 83.66%, risk-free rate of 3.84%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 4.5 years.
On October 9, 2023, the Company issued 200,900 warrants to Mast Hill and Firstfire and a third party as a finder’s fee (see Note 9). Upon evaluation, the warrants meet the
definition of a derivative liability under FASB ASC 815, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the
probability of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 87,500 warrants with an exercise price of $1.80 exercisable until
the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to
be zero. Accordingly, the fair value of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 was classified as a
derivative liability on October 9, 2023.
On October 9, 2023, the estimated fair values of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 issued were
computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $0.77, volatility of 89.70%, risk-free rate of 4.75%, annual dividend
yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.
On December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 as
derivative liability was $20,920. The estimated fair value of the warrants was computed as of December 31, 2023 using Black-Scholes option-pricing model, with the following
assumptions: stock price of $0.48, volatility of 86.33%, risk-free rate of 3.84%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 4.8 years.
Increases or decreases in fair value of the derivative liability is included as a component of total other (expenses) income in the accompanying consolidated statements of
operations and comprehensive loss. The changes to the derivative liability resulted in a decrease of $188,374 in the derivative liability and the corresponding increase in other
income as a gain for the year ended December 31, 2023.
NOTE 11 – NOTE PAYABLE, NET
On September 1, 2022, the Company issued a balloon promissory note in the form of a mortgage on its headquarters to a third party company in the principal amount of
$4,800,000, which carries interest of 11.0% per annum. Interest is due in monthly payments of $44,000 beginning November 1, 2022 and payable monthly thereafter until
September 1, 2025 when the principal outstanding and all remaining interest is due. The principal of $4,800,000 can be extended for an additional 36 months, provided that the
Company has not defaulted. The Company may not prepay the principal of $4,800,00 for a period of 12 months. The principal of $4,800,000 is secured by a first mortgage on
the Company’s real property located in Township of Freehold, County of Monmouth, State of New Jersey, having a street address of 4400 Route 9 South, Freehold, NJ 07728.
F-30
NOTE 11 – NOTE PAYABLE, NET (continued)
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In May 2023, the Company borrowed $1,000,000 from the same lender. The principal of $1,000,000 accrues interest at an annual rate of 13.0% and is payable in monthly
installments of interest-only in the amount of $10,833, commencing in June 2023 and continuing through October 2025 (at which point any unpaid balance of principal, interest
and other charges are due and payable). The loan is secured by a second-lien mortgage on certain real property and improvements located at 4400 Route 9, Freehold,
Monmouth County, New Jersey.
The note payable as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
Principal amount
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs
Note payable, net
December 31,
December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
5,800,000 $
(203,781)
5,596,219 $
4,800,000
(236,848)
4,563,152
For the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, amortization of debt issuance costs related to note payable amounted to $106,557 and $29,606, respectively, which have been
included in interest expense — amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For
the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, interest expense related to note payable amounted to $606,722 and $176,000, respectively, which have been included in interest
expense - other on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
NOTE 12 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Rental Revenue from Related Party and Rent Receivable – Related Party
The Company leases space of its commercial real property located in New Jersey to a company, D.P. Capital Investments LLC, which is controlled by Wenzhao Lu, the
Company’s largest shareholder and chairman of the Board of Directors. The term of the related party lease agreement is five years commencing on May 1, 2021 and will expire
on April 30, 2026.
For both the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related party rental revenue amounted to $50,400 and has been included in rental revenue on the accompanying
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related party rent receivable totaled $124,500 and $74,100, respectively, which has been included in rent receivable on the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets, and no allowance for doubtful accounts was deemed to be required on the receivable.
Services Provided by Related Party
From time to time, Wilbert Tauzin, a director of the Company, and his son provide consulting services to the Company. As compensation for professional services provided, the
Company recognized consulting expenses of $86,528 and $144,064 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which have been included in professional
fees on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Accrued Liabilities and Other Payables – Related Parties
In 2017, the Company acquired Beijing Genexosome for a cash payment of $450,000. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the unpaid acquisition consideration of $100,000,
was payable to Dr. Yu Zhou, former director and former co-chief executive officer and 40% owner of Genexosome, and has been included in accrued liabilities and other
payables — related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
During the period from June 2023 through December 2023, Lab Services MSO paid shared expense on behalf of the Company. As of December 31, 2023, the balance due to
Lab Services MSO amounted to $72,746, which has been included in accrued liabilities and other payables — related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $33,712 and $0 of accrued and unpaid interest related to borrowings from Wenzhao Lu, the Company’s largest shareholder and chairman
of the Board of Directors, respectively, have been included in accrued liabilities and other payables — related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
F-31
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 12 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)
Borrowings from Related Party
Line of Credit
On August 29, 2019, the Company entered into a Line of Credit Agreement (the “Line of Credit Agreement”) providing the Company with a $20 million line of credit (the
“Line of Credit”) from Wenzhao Lu (the “Lender”), the largest shareholder and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company. The Line of Credit allows the Company to
request loans thereunder and to use the proceeds of such loans for working capital and operating expense purposes until the facility matures on December 31, 2024. The loans
are unsecured and are not convertible into equity of the Company. Loans drawn under the Line of Credit bear interest at an annual rate of 5% and each individual loan is
payable three years from the date of issuance. The Company has a right to draw down on the line of credit and not at the discretion of the related party Lender. The Company
may, at its option, prepay any borrowings under the Line of Credit, in whole or in part at any time prior to maturity, without premium or penalty. The Line of Credit Agreement
includes customary events of default. If any such event of default occurs, the Lender may declare all outstanding loans under the Line of Credit to be due and payable
immediately.
In the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, activity recorded for the Line of Credit is summarized in the following table:
Outstanding principal under the Line of Credit at January 1, 2022
Draw down from Line of Credit
Repayment of Line of Credit
Settlement of Line of Credit in shares
Outstanding principal under the Line of Credit at December 31, 2022
Draw down from Line of Credit
Outstanding principal under the Line of Credit at December 31, 2023
$
$
2,750,262
100,000
(410,000)
(2,440,262)
-
850,000
850,000
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the interest expense related to related party borrowings amounted to $33,712 and $79,898, respectively, and has been
reflected as interest expense — related party on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related accrued and unpaid interest for Line of Credit was $33,712 and $0, respectively, and has been included in accrued liabilities and
other payables — related parties on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company used approximately $6.8 million of the credit facility and has approximately $13.2 million remaining available under the Line of
Credit.
Common Shares Sold to Related Party for Cash
On August 5, 2022, the Company sold 44,872 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $7.8 per share, the fair market value on transaction date, to Wenzhao Lu
pursuant to a subscription agreement. The Company received proceeds of $350,000 (See Note 14 – Common Shares Sold for Cash).
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Sold to Related Party for Cash
On December 14, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Wenzhao Lu, the Company’s Chairman of the Board, pursuant to which the Company
sold to Mr. Lu 4,000 shares of its Series A Preferred Stock, stated value $1,000, for the gross proceeds of $4,000,000 (See Note 14 – Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Sold
for Cash).
F-32
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 12 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement
On November 17, 2023, the Company entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Wenzhao Lu (the “Purchaser”), the largest
shareholder and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, pursuant to which (i) the Purchaser will acquire from the Company 30% of the total outstanding
membership interests of Avalon RT 9, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company for a cash purchase price of $3,000,000 (the “Acquisition”), and (ii) for a period of twelve
months following the closing of the Acquisition, the Purchaser shall have the option to purchase from the Company up to an additional 70% of the outstanding membership
interests of Avalon RT 9 for a purchase price of up to $7,000,000 (the “Option”), subject to the terms and conditions of a membership interest purchase agreement to be
negotiated and entered into between the Purchaser and the Company at such time that the Purchaser desires to exercise the Option The Acquisition was not closed as of
December 31, 2023. The Company received $485,714 from Wenzhao Lu as of December 31, 2023 which was recorded as advance from sale of noncontrolling interest – related
party on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES
The Company is governed by the Income Tax Law of the PRC and the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Under the Income Tax Laws of PRC, Chinese
companies are generally subject to an income tax at an effective rate of 25% on income reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriate tax adjustments. The
Company has a cumulative deficit from its foreign subsidiary of $3,135,027 as of December 31, 2023, which is included in the consolidated accumulated deficit.
The Company’s loss before income taxes includes the following components:
United States loss before income taxes
China loss before income taxes
Total loss before income taxes
Components of income taxes expense (benefit) consisted of the following:
Current:
U.S. federal
U.S. state and local
China
Total current income taxes expense
Deferred:
U.S. federal
U.S. state and local
China
Total deferred income taxes (benefit)
Change in valuation allowance
Total income taxes expense
F-33
Years Ended December 31,
2022
2023
(11,567,154)
(15,928,780) $
(778,230)
(363,693)
(16,707,010) $
(11,930,847)
Years Ended December 31,
2022
2023
- $
-
-
- $
-
-
-
-
(3,256,007) $
(1,102,392)
(183,443)
(4,541,842) $
4,541,842
- $
(1,729,700)
(585,627)
209,806
(2,105,521)
2,105,521
-
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES (continued)
The table below summarizes the differences between the U.S. statutory rate and the Company’s effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
U.S. federal rate
U.S. state rate
Permanent difference
Non-US rate differential
True ups
U.S. valuation allowance
Total provision for income taxes
Years Ended December 31,
2022
2023
21.0%
6.7%
(0.1)%
0.2%
(0.6)%
(27.2)%
0.0%
21.0%
5.6%
(3.8)%
0.1%
(5.3)%
(17.6)%
0.0%
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not incur any income taxes expense since it did not generate any taxable income in those periods. The
Company’s foreign entity did not pay any income taxes during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company’s components of deferred taxes as of December 31,
2023 and 2022 were as follows:
Deferred tax assets
Stock-based compensation
Disallowed business interest deduction
Research and development expense
Accrued directors’ compensation
Accrued settlement
Partnership Investment
Lease liability
Capital Loss Limitation
Net operating loss carryforward
Total deferred tax assets, gross
Valuation allowance
Total deferred tax assets, net
Deferred tax liabilities
Fixed assets and intangible assets book/tax basis difference
Right-of-use assets
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax assets
December 31,
December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
$
$
3,501,507 $
9,476
130,823
165,490
126,945
2,422,744
20,935
149,394
15,493,570
22,020,434
(21,871,551)
148,884 $
(129,636)
(19,248)
(148,884) $
- $
3,499,969
-
137,864
47,787
126,495
-
1,687
-
13,634,920
17,448,722
(17,329,708)
119,014
(119,014)
-
(119,014)
-
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s both federal and state net operating loss carryforwards amounted to $52,929,248 and $46,969,776, respectively. As of
December 31, 2023, the Company has $48,003,744 of U.S. federal net operating loss carryovers that have no expiration date, and $2,487,555 of the federal net operating loss
and state net operating loss carry-forwards begin to expire in 2034.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards in China of $2,460,636 that begin to expire in 2024.
Additionally, as of December 31, 2023, $61,847 of the future utilization of the net operating loss carryforward to offset future taxable income is subject to special tax rules
which may limit their usage under IRS Section 382 (Change of Ownership) and possibly the Separate Return Limitation Year (“SRLY”) rules.
A full valuation allowance has been provided against the Company’s deferred tax assets at December 31, 2023 as the Company believes it is more likely than not that sufficient
taxable income will not be generated to realize these temporary differences.
F-34
NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES (continued)
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company has been notified and assessed an IRS Section 6038 penalty of $10,000 for failure to file a foreign entity tax disclosure. The Company has appealed the penalty
and awaits the Internal Revenue Service’s review of the appeal. There is no assurance such appeal will be successful.
The Company has not been audited by any jurisdiction since its inception. The Company is open for audit by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and U.S. state tax jurisdictions
from 2020 to 2023, and open for audit by the Chinese Ministry of Finance from 2019 to 2023.
There were no material uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as
income tax expense, if any. The Company does not have any significant uncertain tax positions or events leading to uncertainty in a tax position.
NOTE 14 – EQUITY
The Company is authorized to issue an aggregate of 490,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock.
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
The Company designated up to 15,000 shares of its previously undesignated preferred stock as Series A Preferred Stock. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock has a par value
of $0.0001 per share and a stated value equal to $1,000.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold an aggregate of 9,000 shares of Series A Preferred stock and received proceeds of $9,000,000. Each share of
Series A Preferred Stock shall be convertible, at any time and from time to time from and after the later of (i) the date of the stockholder approval, in accordance with the
Nasdaq Stock Market Listing Rules, and (ii) the nine (9) month anniversary of the Closing (the “Initial Conversion Date”), at the option of the Series A Holder, into that number
of shares of common stock (subject to the limitations set forth in Series A Certificate of Designations, determined by dividing the Stated Value of such share of Series A
Preferred Stock by the Conversion Price). The Series A Holders may convert such shares into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price per share equal to
the greater of (i) ten dollars ($10.0) and (ii) ninety percent (90%) of the closing price of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq on the day prior to receipt of a conversion
notice (collectively, the “Conversion Price”), subject to adjustment for stock splits and similar matters.
The Company evaluated the features of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock under ASC 480, and classified them as permanent equity because the Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock is not mandatorily or contingently redeemable at the stockholder’s option and the liquidation preference that exists does not fall within the guidance of SEC
Accounting Series Release No. 268 – Presentation in Financial Statements of “Redeemable Preferred Stocks” (“ASR 268”).
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, 9,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding.
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
The Company designated up to 15,000 shares of its previously undesignated preferred stock as Series B Preferred Stock. Each share of Series B Preferred Stock has a par value
of $0.0001 per share and a stated value equal to $1,000.
On February 9, 2023, the Company issued 11,000 shares of its Series B Convertible Preferred Stock as a part of consideration for the purchase of 40% of equity interest of Lab
Services MSO. The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price per share equal to $3.78 or an aggregate of
2,910,053 shares of the Company’s common stock and are subject to a lock-up period and restrictions on sale (See Note — 7 - Investment in Laboratory Services MSO, LLC).
As of December 31, 2023, 11,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding.
F-35
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14 – EQUITY (continued)
Common Shares Sold for Cash
On December 13, 2019, the Company entered into an Open Market Sale AgreementSM (the “Sales Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC, as sales agent (“Jefferies”), pursuant to
which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Jefferies, shares of its common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Jefferies sold an aggregate
of 17,064 shares of common stock at an average price of $7.9 per share to investors and the Company recorded net proceeds of $112,328, net of commission and other offering
costs of $23,239. The Open Market Sale AgreementSM was terminated in 2023.
On August 5, 2022, the Company sold 32,051 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $7.8 per share to an investor pursuant to a subscription agreement. The
Company received proceeds of $250,000.
On August 5, 2022, the Company sold 44,872 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $7.8 per share, the fair market value on transaction date, to Wenzhao Lu
pursuant to a subscription agreement. The Company received proceeds of $350,000 (see Note 12 - Common Shares Sold to Related Party for Cash).
In June 2023, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Roth”) under which the Company may offer and sell
from time to time shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $3.5 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, Roth sold an aggregate
of 456,627 shares of common stock at an average price of $1.39 per share to investors and the Company recorded net proceeds of $414,396, net of commission and other
offering costs of $220,995.
Common Shares Issued for Services
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued a total of 40,896 shares of its common stock for services rendered. These shares were valued at $340,950, the
fair market values on the grant dates using the reported closing share prices on the dates of grant, and the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of
$310,950 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and reduced accrued liabilities of $30,000.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued a total of 361,331 shares of its common stock for services rendered. These shares were valued at $999,655, the
fair market values on the grant dates using the reported closing share prices on the dates of grant, and the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of
$834,784 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and reduced accrued liabilities of $164,871.
Common Shares Issued as Convertible Note Payable Commitment Fee
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued a total of 170,000 shares of its common stock as commitment fee for the purchases of convertible note. These
shares were valued at $236,400, the fair market values on the grant dates using the reported closing share prices on the dates of grant, and the Company recorded it as debt
discount.
Common Shares Issued for Debt Conversion
On July 25, 2022, the Company and 2022 Convertible Note holder entered into a Conversion Agreement pursuant to which the investor converted its Convertible Notes in the
principal amount of $3,718,943 and unpaid interest of $9,751 into 573,645 shares of common stock of the Company at a per share price of $6.5 (see Note 9). The Company
recorded a conversion inducement charge of $344,264 as a result of the Conversion Agreement, representing the value of common stock issued upon conversion in excess of
the common stock issuable under the original terms of the 2022 Convertible Note.
Common Shares Issued Pursuant to Related Party Debt Settlement Agreement and Release
On July 25, 2022, the Company and Mr. Lu entered into and closed a Debt Settlement Agreement and Release pursuant to which the Company settled $2,440,262 debt owed
under the Line of Credit and unpaid interest of $448,331 by issuance of 444,399 shares of common stock of the Company (see Note 12 - Borrowings from Related Party – Line
of Credit). The total amount of the debt settled of $2,888,593 exceeded the fair market value of the shares issued by $888,353 which was treated as a capital transaction due to
Mr. Lu’s relationship with the Company.
F-36
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14 – EQUITY (continued)
Options
The following table summarizes the shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon exercise of options outstanding at December 31, 2023:
Range of
Exercise
Price
$
$
0.59 – 2.08
3.25 – 8.20
10.20 – 20.00
0.59 – 20.00
Options Outstanding
Options Exercisable
Number
Outstanding at
December 31,
2023
Weighted Average
Remaining
Number
Exercisable at
December 31,
Weighted Average
Exercise
Contractual Life
(Years)
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
2023
Price
149,000
307,803
396,500
853,303
4.01 $
3.04
2.04
2.75 $
1.72
5.26
16.65
9.94
69,333 $
307,803
396,500
773,636 $
1.88
5.26
16.65
10.80
Stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
Outstanding at January 1, 2022
Granted
Expired
Outstanding at December 31, 2022
Granted
Expired
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
Options exercisable at December 31, 2023
Options expected to vest
Number of
Options
Weighted
Average Exercise
Price
772,500 $
86,000
(58,000)
800,500
186,803
(134,000)
853,303 $
773,636 $
79,667 $
14.48
6.59
(22.79)
13.03
2.35
(17.86)
9.94
10.80
1.57
The aggregate intrinsic value of both stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable at December 31, 2023 was $0.
The fair values of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2023 were estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the
following assumptions: volatility of 79.76% - 96.37%, risk-free rate of 3.58% - 4.76%, annual dividend yield of 0%, and expected life of 3.00 - 5.00 years. The aggregate fair
value of the options granted during the year ended December 31, 2023 was $319,380.
The fair values of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022 were estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the
following assumptions: volatility of 74.8% - 117.46%, risk-free rate of 1.37% - 4.48%, annual dividend yield of 0%, and expected life of 3.00 - 5.00 years. The aggregate fair
value of the options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $421,428.
For the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options granted amounted to $284,977 and $358,113, of which,
$172,943 and $234,856 was recorded as compensation and related benefits, $106,565 and $84,064 was recorded as professional fees, and $5,469 and $39,193 was recorded as
research and development expenses, respectively.
F-37
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14 – EQUITY (continued)
Options (continued)
A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested stock options granted as of December 31, 2023 and changes during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is
presented below:
Nonvested at January 1, 2022
Granted
Vested
Nonvested at December 31, 2022
Granted
Vested
Nonvested at December 31, 2023
Warrants
Number of
Options
Weighted
Average Exercise
Price
20,583 $
86,000
(86,583)
20,000
186,803
(127,136)
79,667 $
10.39
6.59
(8.03)
4.29
2.35
(3.14)
1.57
The following table summarizes the shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at December 31, 2023:
Warrants Outstanding
Warrants Exercisable
Number
Weighted Average
Weighted
Number
Weighted
Exercise
Price
$
$
1.80 – 2.50
3.20 – 4.50
12.50
1.80 – 12.50
Outstanding at
Remaining
December 31,
Contractual Life
2023
(Years)
Average
Exercise
Price
Exercisable at
December 31,
2023
Average
Exercise
Price
200,900
320,663
123,964
645,527
4.78 $
4.43
3.31
4.32 $
2.20
3.93
12.50
5.04
113,400 $
179,998
123,964
417,362 $
2.50
4.50
12.50
6.33
Stock warrant activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
Outstanding at January 1, 2022
Issued
Outstanding at December 31, 2022
Issued
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
Warrants exercisable at December 31, 2023
Warrants expected to vest
The aggregate intrinsic value of both stock warrants outstanding and stock warrants exercisable at December 31, 2023 was $0.
F-38
Number of
Warrants
Weighted
Average Exercise
Price
- $
123,964
123,964
521,563
645,527 $
417,362 $
228,165 $
-
12.50
12.50
3.26
5.04
6.33
2.66
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14 – EQUITY (continued)
Warrants (continued)
Warrants Issued in 2022
On March 28, 2022, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreement with an accredited investor, which was amended on June 8, 2022, providing for the sale by the
Company to the investor of a Convertible Note in the amount of $3,718,943 (“2022 Convertible Note”). In addition to the 2022 Convertible Note, the investor also received a
Stock Purchase Warrant (“2022 Warrant”) to acquire an aggregate of 123,964 shares of common stock. The 2022 Warrant is exercisable for five years at an exercise price of
$12.5. The fair values of the warrants issued to the investor with this private placement were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following
assumptions: volatility of 111.94%, risk-free rate of 2.71% - 2.92%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years. The warrants issued to the investor to
purchase 123,964 shares of the Company’s common stock were treated as a discount on the convertible note payable and were valued at $498,509 and had been amortized over
the term of the 2022 Convertible Note.
Warrants Issued in May 2023
In connection with the issuance of May 2023 Convertible Note (See Note 9), the Company issued (i) a warrant to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock with an exercise
price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023, and (ii) a warrant to purchase 105,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $3.20
exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the May 2023 Convertible Note, to Mast
Hill; and issued a warrant to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 to a third
party as a finder’s fee.
Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Mast Hill and a third party as a finder’s fee
meet the definition of derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to
make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 105,500 warrants with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year
anniversary of May 23, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the May 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero.
Accordingly, the fair value of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 was classified as derivative
liability on May 23, 2023. The fair values of the 135,000 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 issued on May 23,
2023 were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $1.96, volatility of 88.80%, risk-free rate of 3.76%, annual
dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.
The warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 issued to Mast Hill to purchase 125,000 shares of the Company’s
common stock were treated as a discount on the convertible note payable and were valued at $127,654 and will be amortized over the term of the May 2023 Convertible Note.
The warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of May 23, 2023 issued to a third party as a finder’s fee to purchase 10,000 shares of the
Company’s common stock were treated as convertible debt issuance costs and were valued at $11,162 and will be amortized over the term of the May 2023 Convertible Note.
Warrants Issued in July 2023
In connection with the issuance of July 2023 Convertible Note (See Note 9), the Company issued (i) a warrant to purchase 41,665 shares of common stock with an exercise
price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023, and (ii) a warrant to purchase 35,165 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $3.20
exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the July 2023 Convertible Note, to Firstfire;
and issued a warrant to purchase 3,333 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 to a third party as a
finder’s fee.
F-39
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14 – EQUITY (continued)
Warrants (continued)
Warrants Issued in July 2023 (continued)
Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Firstfire and a third party as a finder’s fee
meet the definition of derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability of failing to
make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 35,165 warrants with an exercise price of $3.20 exercisable until the five-year
anniversary of July 6, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the July 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero. Accordingly,
the fair value of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 was classified as derivative liability on July 6,
2023. The fair values of the 44,998 warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 issued on July 6, 2023 were computed
using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $1.42, volatility of 88.52%, risk-free rate of 4.37%, annual dividend yield of 0%
and expected life of 5 years.
The warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 issued to Firstfire to purchase 41,665 shares of the Company’s common
stock were treated as a discount on the convertible note payable and were valued at $28,691 and will be amortized over the term of the July 2023 Convertible Note.
The warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of July 6, 2023 issued to a third party as a finder’s fee to purchase 3,333 shares of the
Company’s common stock were treated as convertible debt issuance costs and were valued at $2,435 and will be amortized over the term of the July 2023 Convertible Note.
Warrants Issued in October 2023
In connection with the issuance of October 2023 Convertible Note (See Note 9), the Company issued (i) a warrant to purchase 105,000 shares of common stock with an
exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, (ii) a warrant to purchase 87,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.80
exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, to
Mast Hill and Firstfire; and issued a warrant to purchase 8,400 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9,
2023 to a third party as a finder’s fee.
Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC 815, the Company determined that all the warrants issued to Mast Hill and Firstfire and a third party as a
finder’s fee meet the definition of a derivative liability, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Management determined the probability
of failing to make an amortization payment when due to be remote and as such the fair value of the 87,500 warrants with an exercise price of $1.80 exercisable until the five-
year anniversary of October 9, 2023, which warrant shall be cancelled and extinguished against payment of the October 2023 Convertible Note, has been estimated to be zero.
Accordingly, the fair value of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 was classified as a derivative
liability on October 9, 2023. The fair values of the 113,400 warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 issued on
October 9, 2023 were computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $0.77, volatility of 89.70%, risk-free rate
of 4.75%, annual dividend yield of 0% and expected life of 5 years.
The warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 issued to Mast Hill and Firstfire to purchase 105,000 shares of the
Company’s common stock were treated as a discount on the convertible note payable and were valued at $39,848 and will be amortized over the term of the October 2023
Convertible Note.
The warrants with an exercise price of $2.50 exercisable until the five-year anniversary of October 9, 2023 issued to a third party as a finder’s fee to purchase 8,400 shares of
the Company’s common stock were treated as convertible debt issuance costs and were valued at $3,380 and will be amortized over the term of the October 2023 Convertible
Note.
F-40
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14 – EQUITY (continued)
Warrants (continued)
Warrants Issued in October 2023 (continued)
A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested stock warrants issued as of December 31, 2023 and changes during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is
presented below:
Nonvested at January 1, 2022
Issued
Vested
Nonvested at December 31, 2022
Issued
Vested
Nonvested at December 31, 2023
Weighted
Average
Number of
Exercise
Warrants
Price
-
123,964
(123,964)
- $
521,563
(293,398)
228,165 $
-
12.50
(12.50)
-
3.26
(3.73)
2.66
NOTE 15 – STATUTORY RESERVE AND RESTRICTED NET ASSETS
The Company’s PRC subsidiary, Avalon Shanghai, is restricted in its ability to transfer a portion of its net asset to the Company. The payment of dividends by entities organized
in China is subject to limitations, procedures and formalities. Regulations in the PRC currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in
accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China.
The Company is required to make appropriations to certain reserve funds, comprising the statutory surplus reserve and the discretionary surplus reserve, based on after-tax net
income determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be
at least 10% of the after-tax net income determined in accordance with PRC GAAP until the reserve is equal to 50% of the entity’s registered capital. Appropriations to the
discretionary surplus reserve are made at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The statutory reserve may be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for
general business expansion and production or increase in registered capital, but are not distributable as cash dividends. The Company did not make any appropriation to
statutory reserve for Avalon Shanghai during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 as it incurred net loss in the periods. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the
restricted amount as determined pursuant to PRC statutory laws totaled $6,578.
Relevant PRC laws and regulations restrict the Company’s PRC subsidiary, Avalon Shanghai, from transferring a portion of its net assets, equivalent to its statutory reserve and
its share capital, to the Company’s shareholders in the form of loans, advances or cash dividends. Only PRC entity’s accumulated profit may be distributed as dividend to the
Company’s shareholders without the consent of a third party. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, total restricted net assets amounted to $1,106,578 and $1,006,578,
respectively.
NOTE 16 – NONCONTROLLING INTEREST
As of December 31, 2023, Dr. Yu Zhou, former director and former co-chief executive officer of Genexosome, who owns 40% of the equity interests of Genexosome, which is
not under the Company’s control. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not allocate any net loss and foreign currency translation adjustment
to the noncontrolling interest holder due to its inability to satisfy these deficits.
NOTE 17 – CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE PARENT COMPANY
Pursuant to the requirements of Rule 12-04(a), 5-04(c) and 4-08(e)(3) of Regulation S-X, the condensed financial information of the parent company shall be filed when the
restricted net assets of consolidated subsidiary exceed 25 percent of consolidated net assets as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year. For purposes of this test,
restricted net assets of consolidated subsidiary shall mean that amount of the Company’s proportionate share of net assets of consolidated subsidiary (after intercompany
eliminations) which as of the end of the most recent fiscal year may not be transferred to the parent company by subsidiary in the form of loans, advances or cash dividends
without the consent of a third party.
The Company performed a test on the restricted net assets of consolidated subsidiary in accordance with such requirement and concluded that it was not applicable to the
Company as the restricted net assets of the Company’s PRC subsidiary did not exceed 25% of the consolidated net assets of the Company, therefore, the condensed financial
statements for the parent company have not been required.
F-41
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 18 – CONCENTRATIONS
Customers
The following table sets forth information as to each customer that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Customer
A
B
C
Years Ended December 31,
2022
2023
30%
18%
12%
31%
19%
13%
Two customers, of which, one is a related party and the other is a third party, whose outstanding receivable accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total outstanding rent
receivable at December 31, 2023, accounted for 80.6% of the Company’s total outstanding rent receivable at December 31, 2023.
Two customers, of which, one is a related party and the other is a third party, whose outstanding receivable accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total outstanding rent
receivable at December 31, 2022, accounted for 81.4% of the Company’s total outstanding rent receivable at December 31, 2022.
Suppliers
No supplier accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s purchase during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
NOTE 19 – SEGMENT INFORMATION
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company operated in two reportable business segments - (1) the real property operating segment, and (2) the medical related
consulting services segment. The Company’s reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different services and products. They are managed separately based on
the fundamental differences in their operations.
Due to the winding down of the medical related consulting services segment in 2022, the Company decided to cease all operations of this segment and no longer has any
material revenues or expenses in this segment. As a result, commencing from the first quarter of 2023, the Company’s chief operating decision maker no longer reviews
medical related consulting services operating results.
On February 9, 2023, the Company purchased 40% of Lab Services MSO. Commencing from the purchase date, February 9, 2023, the Company is active in the management of
Lab Services MSO. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company operated in two reportable business segments: (1) the real property operating segment, and (2)
laboratory testing services segment (which commenced with the purchase date, February 9, 2023) since Lab Services MSO’s operating results are regularly reviewed by the
Company’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance. The Company regularly reviews the
operating results and performance of Lab Services MSO, which is the Company’s an equity method investee.
F-42
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 19 – SEGMENT INFORMATION (continued)
Information with respect to these reportable business segments for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:
Real property rental revenue
Real property operating expenses
Real property operating income
Loss from equity method investment - Lab Services MSO
Other operating expenses
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense
Other income
Net loss
Real property rental revenue
Real property operating expenses
Real property operating income
Other operating expenses
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense
Other income
Net loss
Identifiable long-lived tangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022
Real property operations
Medical related consulting services
Corporate/Other
Total
Identifiable long-lived tangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022
United States
China
Total
$
$
$
$
F-43
Real Property
Operations
1,255,681 $
(1,017,493)
238,188
-
(347,356)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Lab Services
MSO
Corporate / Other
- $
-
-
(8,571,647)
-
- $
-
-
-
(7,072,868)
Total
1,255,681
(1,017,493)
238,188
(8,571,647)
(7,420,224)
(918,885)
15
(1,028,038) $
-
-
(8,571,647) $
(432,617)
398,160
(7,107,325) $
(1,351,502)
398,175
(16,707,010)
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Real Property
Operations
Medical Related
Consulting
Services
1,202,169 $
(929,441)
272,728
(352,032)
Corporate / Other
- $
-
-
(404,121)
- $
-
-
(8,309,470)
Total
1,202,169
(929,441)
272,728
(9,065,623)
-
15
(79,289) $
-
178,546
(225,575) $
(3,576,333)
259,820
(11,625,983) $
(3,576,333)
438,381
(11,930,847)
December 31,
December 31,
2023
2022
7,211,641 $
-
17,846
7,229,487 $
7,367,360
408
130,613
7,498,381
December 31,
December 31,
2023
7,227,533 $
1,954
7,229,487 $
2022
7,393,307
105,074
7,498,381
$
$
$
$
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 20 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINCENGIES
Operating Leases Commitment
The Company is a party to leases for office space. These lease agreements will expire through February 2025. Rent expense under all operating leases amounted to
approximately $129,000 and $141,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows paid for operating lease
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligation:
Operating lease
The following table summarizes the lease term and discount rate for the Company’s operating lease as of December 31, 2023:
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)
Weighted average discount rate
The following table summarizes the maturity of lease liabilities under operating lease as of December 31, 2023:
For the Year Ending December 31:
2024
2025
Total lease payments
Amount of lease payments representing interest
Total present value of operating lease liabilities
Current portion
Long-term portion
Total
Joint Venture – Avactis Biosciences Inc.
Years Ended December 31,
2022
2023
$
$
125,929 $
150,577
235,893 $
-
Operating Lease
1.08
11.0%
Operating Lease
136,803
$
4,900
141,703
(7,452)
134,251
$
$
$
129,396
4,855
134,251
On July 18, 2018, the Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Avactis Biosciences Inc. (“Avactis”), a Nevada corporation, which focuses on accelerating commercial
activities related to cellular therapies as well as cellular immunotherapy including CAR-T, CAR-NK, TCR-T and others. When formed, Avactis was designed to integrate and
optimize the Company’s global scientific and clinical resources to further advance the use of cellular therapies to treat certain cancers, however the Company is no longer
pursuing any commercial activities with respect to cellular immunotherapy and CAR-T, in particular. As of April 6, 2022, the Company owns 60% of Avactis and Arbele
Biotherapeutics Limited (“Arbele Biotherapeutics”) owns 40% of Avactis. Avactis owns 100% of the capital stock of Avactis Nanjing Biosciences Ltd., a company incorporated
in the PRC on May 8, 2020 (“Avactis Nanjing”), which only owns a patent and is not considered an operating entity.
F-44
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 20 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINCENGIES (continued)
Joint Venture – Avactis Biosciences Inc. (continued)
The Company is required to contribute $10 million (or equivalent in RMB) in cash and/or services, which shall be contributed in tranches based on milestones to be determined
jointly by Avactis and the Company in writing subject to the Company’s cash reserves. Within 30 days, Arbele Biotherapeutics shall make contribution of $6.66 million in the
form of entering into a License Agreement with Avactis granting Avactis an exclusive right and license in China to its technology and intellectual property pertaining to CAR-
T/CAR-NK/TCR-T/universal cellular immunotherapy technology and any additional technology developed in the future with terms and conditions to be mutually agreed upon
the Company and Avactis and services. As of the date hereof, the License Agreement has not been finalized by the parties.
In addition, the Company is responsible for contributing registered capital of RMB 5,000,000 (approximately $0.7 million) for working capital purposes as required by local
regulation, which is not required to be contributed immediately and will be contributed subject to the Company’s discretion. As of the date hereof, Avactis’ activities have been
limited to that of a patent holding company and there is no other activity or planned contributions in 2024.
NOTE 21 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the financial statements were issued. Based upon this
review, other than as described below, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.
March 2024 Convertible Note Financing
In March 2024, the Company entered into security purchase agreement with a lender (the “March 2024 Lender”) and closed on the issuance of 13.0% senior secured
convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $700,000 (the “March 2024 Note”), as well as the issuance of 105,000 shares of common stock as a commitment fee and
warrants for the purchase of up to 252,404 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company and its subsidiaries have also entered into security agreements, creating a
security interest in certain property of the Company and its subsidiaries to secure the prompt payment, performance and discharge in full of all of the Company’s obligations
under the March 2024 Note.
F-45
DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Exhibit 4.9
The following summary, which includes applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), describes material provisions of the capital stock
of Avalon GloboCare Corp (“we”, “us” or the “Company”) and is intended as a summary only and therefore is not a complete description of our capital stock. The description
of our capital stock and provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and our amended and restated
bylaws, (the “Bylaws”), are summaries and are qualified entirely by reference to the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, which are included as exhibits to our Annual
Report on Form 10-K, of which this Exhibit 4.9 is a part. You should review these documents for a description of the rights, restrictions and obligations relating to our capital
stock.
General
We have one class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which is our common stock, par
value $0.0001 per share.
Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes us to issue up to five hundred million (500,000,000) shares of capital stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which (i) four
hundred ninety million (490,000,000) shares are designated as common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and (ii) five million (5,000,000) shares are designated as preferred
stock, which includes (x) 15,000 shares that have been designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, at a stated value equal to $1,000 per share, and (y) 15,000 shares that
have been designated as Series B Convertible Preferred stock, at a stated value equal to $1,000 per share, the terms of which are to be determined, from time to time, by our
board of directors.
Common Stock
Dividends.
The holders of our common stock are entitled to receive, ratably, out of the funds legally available, any dividends only if, and as declared by our board of directors, or a
duly authorized committee of our board of directors, subject to any preferential dividend or other rights of the then outstanding preferred stock.
Voting Rights.
Each share of common stock entitles the holders of our common stock to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote by our stockholders, including the election of
directors; provided, that, unless otherwise required by law, holders of our common stock are not entitled to vote on any amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation (or on
any amendment to a certificate of designations of any series of undesignated preferred stock) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of our preferred
stock, if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together as a class with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to our
Certificate of Incorporation. Holders of our common stock do not have cumulative voting rights.
Rights Upon Liquidation and Dissolution.
In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive, ratably, the net assets of the Company
available for distribution to our stockholders after the payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to any preferential or other rights of any then outstanding preferred
stock.
Other Rights.
Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are
subject to and may be adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.
Preferred Stock
In accordance with our Certificate of Incorporation, our board of directors is authorized to direct us to issue shares of undesignated preferred stock in one or more series
without stockholder approval. Our board of directors has the discretion to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights,
conversion rights, repurchase rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock.
The purpose of authorizing our board of directors to issue preferred stock and determine its rights and preferences is to eliminate delays associated with a stockholder vote
on specific issuances. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions, future financings and other corporate purposes, could
have the effect of making it more difficult for a third-party to acquire, or could discourage a third-party from seeking to acquire, a majority of our outstanding voting stock.
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.
Dividends.
The holders of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, and the Company shall pay, dividends on shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
equal (on an as-if-converted-to-common-stock basis, disregarding for such purpose any conversion limitations set forth in the Certificate of Designation of our Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Certificate of Designation”) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of the Company’s common stock when, as
and if such dividends are paid on shares of the common stock. No other dividends shall be paid on shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. The Company will not pay
any dividends on its common stock unless the Company simultaneously complies with the terms set forth in the Series A Certificate of Designation.
Voting Rights.
The holders of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will have no voting rights, except as otherwise required by the DGCL. Notwithstanding the foregoing, as long as
any shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding
shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class, (a) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock in the Series A Certificate of Designation, (b) increase the number of authorized shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, (c) authorize or issue an
additional class or series of capital stock that ranks senior to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with respect to the distribution of assets on liquidation or (d) enter into
any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing.
Rights Upon Liquidation and Dissolution.
In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive out of the assets
available for distribution to the stockholders, (i) after and subject to the payment in full of all amounts required to be distributed to the holders of another class or series of stock
of the Company ranking on liquidation prior and in preference to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, (ii) ratably with any class or series of stock ranking on liquidation on
parity with the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and (iii) in preference and priority to the holders of the shares of the Company’s common stock, an amount equal to one
hundred percent (100%) of the stated value of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, and no more, in proportion to the full and preferential amount that all shares of the
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive. The Company shall mail written notice of any liquidation not less than twenty (20) days prior to the payment date
stated therein, to each holder of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.
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Conversion.
Each share of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock shall be convertible in accordance with the Series A Certificate of Designation and the Nasdaq Stock Market Listing
Rules, at the option of the holder, into that number of shares of common stock (subject to the limitations set forth in Series A Certificate of Designations, determined by
dividing the stated value of such share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock by the conversion price set forth in the Series A Certificate of Designation. The holders of our
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock may effect conversions by providing us with the form of conversion notice attached as Annex A to the Series A Certificate of Designation.
The holders may convert such shares into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price per share equal to the greater of (i) one dollar ($10.00) and (ii) ninety
percent (90%) of the closing price of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq on the day prior to receipt of a conversion notice, subject to adjustment for stock splits and
similar matters. In addition, following the initial conversion date, the holder agrees that it will not be entitled to in any calendar month, sell a number of conversion shares into
the open market in an amount exceeding more than ten percent (10%) of the number of conversion share issuable upon conversion of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
then held by such holder.
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.
Dividends.
The holders of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, and the Company must pay, dividends on the shares of our Series B Convertible Preferred
Stock equal (on an as-if-converted-to-common-stock basis, disregarding for such purpose any conversion limitations set forth in the Series B Certificate of Designation, as
defined below) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of the Company’s common stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of the common
stock. No other dividends will be paid on shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock. We will not pay any dividends on our common stock unless the Company
simultaneously complies with the terms set forth in the Certificate of Designation of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Certificate of Designation”).
Voting Rights.
The holders of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock will have no voting rights, except as otherwise required by the DGCL. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in addition,
as long as any shares of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the then
outstanding shares of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class, (a) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock in the Series B Certificate of Designation, (b) increase the number of authorized shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, (c) except with
respect to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, authorize or issue an additional class or series of capital stock that ranks senior to the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
with respect to the distribution of assets on liquidation or (d) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing.
Rights Upon Liquidation and Dissolution.
In the event of a liquidation, the holders of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive out of the assets available for distribution to stockholders, (i)
after and subject to the payment in full of all amounts required to be distributed to the holders of another class or series of stock of the Company ranking on liquidation prior
and in preference to the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, including the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, (ii) ratably with any class or series of stock ranking on
liquidation on parity with the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and (iii) in preference and priority to the holders of the shares of common stock, an amount equal to one
hundred percent (100%) of the stated value and no more, in proportion to the full and preferential amount that all shares of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled
to receive. The Company shall mail written notice of any such liquidation not less than twenty (20) days prior to the payment date stated therein, to each holder of our Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock.
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Conversion.
Each share of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock shall be convertible in accordance with the Series B Certificate of Designation and the Nasdaq Stock Market
Listing Rules, at the option of the holder, into that number of shares of common stock (subject to the limitations set forth in Series B Certificate of Designation determined by
dividing the stated value of such share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock by the conversion price of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock). Holders of our Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock may effect conversions by providing the Company with the form of conversion notice attached as Annex A to the Series B Certificate of
Designation. The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock will be convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price per share equal to $3.78, subject to
the adjustments set forth in the Series B Certificate of Designation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the holders of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock shall not, directly or
indirectly, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any Series B Convertible Preferred Stock issued upon conversion of the conversion shares or pursuant to the Equity Earnout
Payment (the “Restricted Securities”) without Company’s prior written consent; provided, however, that, the holders of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock may sell,
transfer or otherwise dispose of Restricted Securities to an Affiliate, as defined in the Amended MIPA, of a holder of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock without Company’s
prior written consent; provided, further, that such holder provide us with prompt written notice of such transfer, including the name and contact information of the Affiliate
transferee, and such Affiliate transferee agrees in writing to be bound by the terms of the transaction documents contemplated by the Amended MIPA to which the holder of the
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is a party (which agreement shall also be provided to Company with such notice). After the expiration of that certain Lock-Up period, the
holder of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock agrees that it and any of its Affiliate transferees shall not be entitled to in any calendar month, sell a number of shares of
Company common stock into the open market in an amount exceeding more than ten percent (10%) of the total number of shares of our common stock issuable upon
conversion of the Company common stock then held by SCBC Holdings LLC and its affiliates.
Effects of Authorized but Unissued Stock
Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for future issuance without stockholder approval, subject to any limitations imposed
by the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market. These additional shares may be used for a variety of corporate finance transactions, acquisitions and employee benefit
plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved common stock and preferred stock could make it more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of us
by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise. In addition, if we issue preferred stock in the future, the issuance could adversely affect the voting power of
holders of our common stock and the likelihood that such holders will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
The DGCL, our Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws contain provisions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another party from
acquiring control of us. The purpose of these provisions, which are summarized below, is to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These
provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of the Company to first negotiate with our board of directors.
Special Meetings. Except as otherwise required by statute and subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any series of our undesignated preferred stock, special meetings
of our stockholders may be called only by the board of directors acting pursuant to a resolution approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors then in office.
The order of business and all other matters of procedure at any meeting of the stockholders will be determined by a presiding officer designated by our board of directors.
Removal of Directors. Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our directors may be removed only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the
outstanding shares of capital stock then entitled to vote at an election of directors. In addition, at least forty-five (45) days prior to any annual or special meeting of stockholders
at which it is proposed that a director be removed from office, written notice of such proposed removal and the alleged grounds thereof must be sent to the director whose
removal will be considered at the meeting.
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Stockholder Action by Written Consent. Any action that is permitted to be taken by our stockholders by written consent without a meeting must first satisfy the
requirements and procedures set forth in our Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws.
Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals. Our Bylaws establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual
meeting of stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors. Stockholders at an annual meeting are only able to consider
proposals or nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of our board of directors or by a stockholder of record on the
record date for the meeting who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has delivered timely written notice in proper form to our secretary of the stockholder’s intention to
bring such business before the meeting. These provisions could have the effect of delaying until the next stockholder meeting stockholder actions that are favored by the holders
of a majority of our outstanding shares entitled to vote.
Delaware Business Combination Statute. We are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL. Subject to certain exceptions, Section 203 of the DGCL prevents a publicly held
Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with any “interested stockholder” for three (3) years following the date that the person became an interested
stockholder, unless the interested stockholder attained such status with the approval of our board of directors or unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed
manner. A “business combination” includes, among other things, a merger or consolidation involving us and the “interested stockholder” and the sale of more than ten percent
(10%) of our assets. In general, an “interested stockholder” is any entity or person beneficially owning fifteen percent (15%) or more of our outstanding voting stock and any
entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by such entity or person.
Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws. The DGCL provides generally that the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote on any matter is
required to amend a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or by-laws, unless a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or by-laws, as the case may be, requires a greater
percentage. Our Bylaws may be amended or repealed by the affirmative vote of a majority vote of our board of directors then in office or the affirmative vote of the holders of
at least seventy five percent (75%) of the voting power of the outstanding shares entitled to vote on such amendment or repeal, voting as a single class; provided, however, that
if our board of directors recommends that stockholders approve such amendment or repeal at such meeting of stockholders, such amendment or repeal will only require the
affirmative vote of the majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares entitled to vote on such amendment or repeal, voting together as a single class. In addition, the
Company reserves the right to amend or repeal the Certificate of Incorporation in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute and by the Certificate of Incorporation, and
any rights conferred upon the stockholders in the Certificate of Incorporation are granted subject to this reservation. Whenever any vote of the holders of our capital stock is
required to amend or repeal any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, and in addition to any other vote of holders of capital stock that is required by the Certificate of
Incorporation or by law, such amendment or repeal will require the affirmative vote of the majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote
on such amendment or repeal, and the affirmative vote of the majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of each class entitled to vote thereon as a class, at a duly
constituted meeting of stockholders called expressly for such purpose.
Exclusive Forum Selection. Our Bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware
shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty
owed by any director, officer, stockholder or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant
to any provision of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company governed by the internal affairs
doctrine. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Company shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the
provisions of our exclusive forum selection as set forth in our Bylaws under “Exclusive Jurisdiction of Delaware Courts.” Although our Bylaws contain the choice of forum
provision described above, it is possible that a court could rule that such a provision is inapplicable for a particular claim or action or that such provision is unenforceable.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Vstock Transfer LLC is presently the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.
Listing
Our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ALBT” since November 10, 2022. Our common stock was listed on the Nasdaq
Capital Market under the symbol “AVCO” from November 5, 2018 through the close of business on November 9, 2022.
5
CONSULTING AGREEMENT
Exhibit 10.50
This Consulting Agreement (the “Agreement”) dated February 9, 2023 (the “Effective Date”), is made by and between Laboratory Services MSO, LLC (the
“Company”) with an address at 4400 Route 9 South, Suite 3100, Freehold, New Jersey 07728 and Sarah Cox, with an address at 2549 Eastbluff Drive, #750, Newport Beach,
California 92660 (“Consultant”).
1. Services. The Company hereby engages Consultant and Consultant hereby agrees to render certain services set forth on Schedule A (the “Services”) during the Term upon
the terms and conditions hereinafter. The Company and Consultant understand and agree that this Agreement is not assignable without the other party’s prior written consent.
Consultant shall not engage in any specific Services on Company’s behalf without prior written direction and approval.
2. Term of Agreement. The term of this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date, and shall continue unless either party terminates this Agreement upon thirty (30)
days prior written notice to the other party (the “Term”). If Consultant’s service is terminated for any reason, the Company shall have no further obligation to make any
payments to Consultant hereunder except for payments that had accrued and earned under the terms of Section 3(a) but had not been paid prior to the date of termination;
provided that no amounts shall be payable under Section 3(b).
3. Consulting Fees. During the Term, Consultant:
a. Shall be paid a consulting fee at the rate of $30,000 per month, payable by the Company on a bi-weekly basis;
b. Shall receive reimbursement for reasonable out-of-pocket business expenses incurred in connection with the Services, provided that Consultant provides
reasonable documentation therefor to Company. Consultant must obtain written pre-approval from Luisa Ingargiola or her successor/designee for any out-of-
pocket expenses in excess of $5,000 per month.
4. Duties. Consultant shall render the Services conscientiously and devote her best efforts and abilities thereto, and shall perform the Services at such times and locations as are
reasonably convenient to Consultant and the Company. Consultant shall observe all applicable policies and directives promulgated from time to time by the Company for
independent contractors.
5. Independent Contractor. It is expressly agreed that Consultant is acting solely as an independent contractor in providing the Services hereunder. Neither party to this
Agreement has any authority to bind or commit the other without that party’s prior written consent nor will either party’s acts or omissions be deemed the acts of the other. The
Company shall carry no workers’ compensation insurance or any health or accident insurance to cover Consultant. The Company shall not pay any contributions to Social
Security, unemployment insurance, international, federal, state, or local withholding taxes, or provide any other contributions or benefits that might be expected in an employer-
employee relationship and Consultant expressly waives any right to such participation or coverage. The Company will prepare and file IRS Form 1099 with regard to payments
made to Consultant under this Agreement. Consultant will be solely responsible for any federal, state and local income taxes.
6. Company Property. It is expressly understood that all files, customer data, lists of names, contracts, digital assets, samples, price books, supplies, undelivered merchandise,
all invoices (whether or not due and payable), and all other information and items which have come into Consultant’s possession (including those provided to Consultant by the
Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective customers, prospective customers, suppliers and vendors) or been created by Consultant in connection with the
performance of the Services (“Company Property”), shall be immediately delivered to the Company by Consultant upon expiration of the Term or earlier termination of this
Agreement, regardless of the reason, and the Consultant also agrees not to retain any memoranda or copy of Company Property. All Company Property, including items
developed or generated by Consultant, belongs exclusively to the Company. All Company Property that is developed or generated by Consultant in connection with the
performance of the Services will be deemed “work for hire” and belong solely to the Company from conception. To the extent such Company Property is found not to be a
work for hire, Consultant irrevocably assigns to the Company all of her right, title and interest to that Company Property.
7. Representations and Warranties of Consultant. Consultant hereby represents and warrants that: (a) Consultant has the requisite power and authority to execute and
perform this Agreement; (b) this Agreement constitutes the valid and binding obligation of Consultant enforceable against Consultant according to its terms, except as limited
by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights, and as limited by general
principles of equity that restrict the availability of equitable remedies; (c) Consultant’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement do not and will not violate the
terms of any existing agreement or understanding to which Consultant is or becomes a party or by which Consultant is or becomes bound or any judgment, order or decree to
which Consultant is subject; (d) Consultant is not, and will not become, subject to any restrictions that would otherwise prohibit Consultant from performing the Services or
which would enable another person or entity to claim any rights in or to data or information developed by Consultant, if any, (whether developed alone or with others) pursuant
to this Agreement; and (e) Consultant will comply with all applicable laws in performing Consultant’s obligations hereunder.
8. Confidentiality. While performing the Services, Consultant may develop or acquire knowledge of confidential information relating to the Company, its business, potential
business or that of its clients (hereafter “Confidential Company Information”). “Confidential Company Information” includes all trade secrets, technical, operating, financial,
and other business information, whether or not reduced to writing or other medium and whether or not marked or labeled confidential, proprietary or the like, specifically
including, but not limited to, information regarding actual or prospective client and investor lists, costs, plans, materials, enhancements, research, specifications, works of
authorship, techniques, documentation, models and systems, sales and pricing techniques, designs, inventions, discoveries, products, improvements, modifications,
methodology, processes, concepts, records, files, memoranda, reports, plans, proposals, price lists, customer, client, and supplier lists and information, product development and
project procedures. Confidential Company Information does not include (a) general skills, experience, or information that is generally available to the public, other than
information that has become generally available as a result of Consultant’s direct or indirect act or omission, or (b) information that is required to be disclosed pursuant to any
applicable law, regulation, judicial or administrative order or decree, or request by any other regulatory organization having authority pursuant to law; provided, however, that
Consultant shall have first given prompt written notice to the Company to afford it a reasonable opportunity to obtain a protective order requiring that the Confidential
Company Information not be disclosed and, in the event such protective order is not obtained, Consultant shall disclose only that portion of the Confidential Company
Information that Consultant is legally obligated to disclose. With respect to Confidential Company Information:
a.
Consultant will use Confidential Company Information only in the performance of the Services for the Company. Consultant will not use Confidential
Company Information at any time for its own personal benefit, for the benefit of any other individual or entity, or in any manner adverse to the interests of the
Company or its clients;
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b.
c.
d.
e.
Consultant will not disclose Confidential Company Information at any time (during or after Consultant’s engagement by the Company) except to authorized
Company personnel, unless the Company consents in advance in writing or unless the Confidential Company Information indisputably becomes of public
knowledge or enters the public domain (other than through Consultant’s direct or indirect act or omission);
Consultant will safeguard the Confidential Company Information by all reasonable steps and abide by all policies and procedures of the Company in effect
from time to time regarding storage, copying, destruction, and handling of documents;
Consultant acknowledges that the Company may be required to sign non-disclosure or confidentiality agreements with clients, prospective clients, and other
third parties in which the Company agrees that its employees and agents will not disclose Confidential Company Information of such clients, prospective
clients, or other third parties. By executing this Agreement, Consultant acknowledges and agrees that the Company may rely, and will rely, on this Agreement
for purposes of entering into such other agreements. Further, Consultant will execute and abide by all confidentiality agreements reasonably requested by the
Company’s clients, prospective clients, and other third parties;
Consultant will return all materials containing and/or relating to Confidential Company Information, together with all other property of the Company and its
clients to the Company when Consultant’s consulting relationship with the Company terminates or otherwise on demand and, at that time Consultant will
certify to the Company, in writing, that Consultant has complied with this Agreement. Consultant will not retain any copies or reproductions of
correspondence, memoranda, reports, notebooks, drawings, photographs, databases, diskettes, or other documents or electronically stored information of any
kind relating in any way to the business, potential business or affairs of the Company and its clients; and
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f.
Consultant acknowledges that it will not be held criminally or civilly liable under any federal or state trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret if it
(a) makes such disclosure in confidence to a federal, state or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney and such disclosure is
made solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or (b) such disclosure was made in a complaint or other document filed
in a lawsuit or other proceeding if such filing is made under seal. Further, an individual who files a lawsuit for retaliation by an employer for reporting a
suspected violation of law may disclose the employer’s trade secrets to the attorney and use the trade secret information in the court proceeding if the
individual: (i) files any document containing the trade secret under seal; and (ii) does not disclose the trade secret, except pursuant to court order.
9. Intellectual Property Rights. To the fullest extent permissible under applicable law, all material, documentation, deliverables, and other tangible expressions of information
including but not limited to, software programs and software documentation, designs, technical data, formulae, and processes, whether in final production or draft, which result
from any work performed by Consultant, providing the Services under this Agreement, or any extension or renewal thereof, shall be deemed to belong to the Company, and all
rights, title, and interest, including any copyright, patent rights, and all other intellectual property rights, shall belong exclusively to the Company (the “Work Product”).
Without limiting the foregoing, the Company shall have all right, title, and interest in the Work Product, including the exclusive right to obtain and hold in its own name
copyrights, registrations, and other appropriate statutory protections and Consultant shall not have or receive any rights of any kind therein. Consultant agrees to cooperate with
the Company (at the Company’s expense) to obtain any further assignments, copyrights, patents, and such other statutory protections as may be available under law.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, Consultant shall not be deemed to have assigned her rights in an invention to the Company if the invention was developed by
Consultant entirely on her own time without using any equipment, supplies, facilities, or trade secret information of the Company or any of its Affiliates except for those
inventions that either (a) relate at the time of conception or reduction to practice of the invention to the Company’s business, or actual or demonstrably anticipated research or
development of the Company; or (b) result from any work performed by Consultant for the Company.
10. Obligations to Others. Consultant represents and warrants that Consultant does not have any agreement with, or duty to, any previous employer or other person or entity
that would prevent, limit, or inhibit Consultant from performing the Services under this Agreement. Consultant agrees not to use any proprietary or confidential information
belonging to any other person or entity in performing the Services or disclose any proprietary or confidential information belonging to any other person or entity to the
Company or its clients.
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11. Time Commitment; Service to Other Clients. Nothing herein shall restrict Consultant from performing services to other clients and it is acknowledged and agreed that in
Consultant’s capacity as an independent contractor, Consultant has other clients for whom Consultant will work.
12. Non-Disparagement. Consultant agrees that during the Term and all times thereafter, Consultant shall not disparage the reputation of the Company, its products or services,
or any of its officers, directors, employees, or representatives.
13. Waiver. The failure of either of the parties to at any time enforce any of the provisions of this Agreement shall not be deemed or construed to be a waiver of any such
provision, nor to in any way affect the validity of this Agreement or any provision hereof or the right of either of the parties to thereafter enforce each and every provision of
this Agreement. No waiver of any breach of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be effective unless set forth in a written instrument executed by the party against
whom or which enforcement of such waiver is sought; and no waiver of any such breach shall be construed or deemed to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach.
14. Capacity of Parties. Each party hereby represents and warrants to the other party that: (a) it has full power, authority and capacity to execute and deliver this Agreement,
and to perform its obligations hereunder, (b) such execution, delivery and performance will not (and with the giving of notice or lapse of time or both would not) result in the
breach of any agreements or other obligations to which it is a party or otherwise bound and (c) this Agreement is valid and binding obligation, enforceable against it in
accordance with its terms.
15. Indemnification. Each party (“Indemnifying Party”) shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the other party against any and all losses, damages, liabilities, deficiencies,
claims, actions, judgments, settlements, interest, awards, penalties, fines, costs, or expenses of whatever kind, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs, relating to any
claim of a third party arising out of or occurring in connection with: (a) bodily injury, death of any person or damage to real or tangible, personal property resulting from
Indemnifying Party’s willful, fraudulent or negligent acts or omissions; or (b) Indemnifying Party’s negligence, willful misconduct, or material breach of this Agreement.
16. Assignment. Consultant shall not voluntarily or by operation of law assign her obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Company. Any
attempted assignment or transfer by Consultant of his/her/its obligations without such consent shall be wholly void.
17. Notice. Any notice required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be sufficient only if in writing sent to the address for such party as is set forth in the caption of this
Agreement.
18. Governing Law; Jurisdiction. The Parties acknowledge and agree that this Agreement has been expressly negotiated and that the Consultant has received the advice of
counsel as required under California Labor Code Section 925 in agreeing to the forum and choice of law of a state other than California. Any and all actions or controversies
arising out of this Agreement, including, without limitation, tort and contract claims, shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of
Delaware, without regard to the choice of law principles thereof. The parties agree to the exclusive forum of the state and federal courts located in Delaware with regard to any
dispute regarding this Agreement, Consultant’s performance or failure to perform the Services hereunder, or any other matter. The parties hereby knowingly, voluntarily and
irrevocably waive any right to trial by jury of any issue, claim or dispute arising from or in any way relating to this Agreement and the relationship and dealings of the parties
with respect to this Agreement.
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19. Survivorship. The respective rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement shall survive any termination of this Agreement to the extent necessary to the
intended preservation of such rights and obligations.
20. Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all agreements and understandings
(whether oral or written) between the parties concerning the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may be modified by the parties hereto only by a written supplemental
agreement executed by both parties.
21. Binding Agreement. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of the Company and its successors and assigns (including, without limitation, the purchaser of all or
substantially all of its assets) and shall be binding upon the Company and its successors and assigns.
22. Severability. If any term or provision of this Agreement shall be found to be illegal or otherwise unenforceable, the same shall not invalidate the whole of this Agreement,
but such term or provision shall be deemed modified to the extent necessary by the adjudication to render such term or provision enforceable, and the rights and obligations of
the parties shall be construed and enforced accordingly, preserving to the fullest extent permissible the intent and agreements of the parties set forth in this Agreement.
23. Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in counterparts, by facsimile and electronic signatures, and by signatures delivered electronically, each of which will be
deemed an original and all of which together will constitute one instrument.
(Signature page follows)
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.
LABORATORY SERVICES MSO, LLC
By:
/s/ Luisa Ingargiola
Name: Luisa Ingargiola
Title: Manager
[Signature Page to Consulting Agreement]
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CONSULTANT:
By:
/s/ Sarah Cox
Sarah Cox
[Signature Page to Consulting Agreement]
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Services:
Schedule A
1. General overview, supervision and advice regarding the business, sales, compliance and operations of the MSO and/or its affiliates and/or subsidiaries.
2. Research, analysis, advice and recommendations regarding the strategic direction, business development and growth of the MSO and/or its affiliates and/or
subsidiaries;
3. Other projects and topics as may be mutually agreed upon with senior management from time to time.
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INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM’S CONSENT
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement of Avalon GloboCare Corp. on Form S-8 (File No. 333-272736) of our report dated April 15, 2024,
which included an explanatory paragraph as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, with respect to our audits of the consolidated financial statements of
Avalon GloboCare Corp. as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023 appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of
Avalon GloboCare Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Exhibit 23.1
/s/ Marcum LLP
Marcum LLP
New York, NY
April 15, 2024
CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13A-14(A) AND 15D-14(A),
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 31.1
I, David K. Jin, hereby certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Avalon GloboCare Corp.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in
light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition,
results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules
13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material
information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in
which this report is being prepared;
b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles;
c)
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the
disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the
registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal
control over financial reporting;
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors
and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
b)
all significant deficiencies and material weakness in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely
affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial
reporting.
Dated: April 15, 2024
/s/ David K. Jin
David K. Jin
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13A-14(A) AND 15D-14(A),
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 31.2
I, Luisa Ingargiola, hereby certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Avalon GloboCare Corp.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in
light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition,
results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules
13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material
information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in
which this report is being prepared;
b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles;
c)
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the
disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the
registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal
control over financial reporting;
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors
and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
b)
all significant deficiencies and material weakness in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely
affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial
reporting.
Dated: April 15, 2024
/s/ Luisa Ingargiola
Luisa Ingargiola
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
CERTIFICATIONS OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 32.1
In connection with the Annual Report of Avalon GloboCare Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), David K. Jin, as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Luisa Ingargiola, Chief Financial Officer of the Company,
each hereby certifies, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350), to his knowledge:
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have set their hands hereto as of the 15th day of April, 2024.
/s/ David K. Jin
David K. Jin
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Luisa Ingargiola
Luisa Ingargiola
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
This certification accompanies the Form 10-K to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference
into any filing of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the
Form 10-K), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP.
COMPENSATION RECOVERY POLICY
(Adopted and approved on November 16, 2023)
Exhibit 97.1
1. Purpose
Avalon GloboCare Corp. (collectively with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is committed to promoting high standards of honest and ethical business conduct and compliance
with applicable laws, rules and regulations. As part of this commitment, the Company has adopted this Compensation Recovery Policy (this “Policy”). This Policy is designed
to comply with the requirements of Section 10D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), Rule 10D-1 promulgated thereunder and the rules
of the national securities exchange on which the Company’s securities are traded and explains when the Company will pursue recovery of Incentive Compensation awarded or
paid to a Covered Person. Please refer to Exhibit A attached hereto (the “Definitions Exhibit”) for the definitions of capitalized terms used throughout this Policy.
2. Recovery of Recoverable Incentive Compensation
In the event of a Restatement, the Company will pursue, reasonably promptly, recovery of all Recoverable Incentive Compensation from a Covered Person without regard to
such Covered Person’s individual knowledge or responsibility related to the Restatement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company is otherwise required by this Policy to
undertake a Restatement, the Company will not be required to recover the Recoverable Incentive Compensation if the Compensation Committee determines, after exercising a
normal due process review of all the relevant facts and circumstances, that (a) a Recovery Exception exists and (b) it would be impracticable to seek such recovery under such
facts and circumstances.
If such Recoverable Incentive Compensation was not awarded or paid on a formulaic basis, the Company will pursue recovery of the amount that the Compensation Committee
determines in good faith should be recovered.
3. Other Actions
The Compensation Committee may, subject to applicable law, pursue recovery of Recoverable Incentive Compensation in the manner it chooses, including by pursuing
reimbursement from the Covered Person of all or part of the compensation awarded or paid, by electing to withhold unpaid compensation, by set-off, or by rescinding or
canceling unvested stock or option awards.
In the reasonable exercise of its business judgment under this Policy, the Compensation Committee may in its sole discretion determine whether and to what extent additional
action is appropriate to address the circumstances surrounding a Restatement to minimize the likelihood of any recurrence and to impose such other discipline as it deems
appropriate.
4. No Indemnification or Reimbursement
As required by applicable law, notwithstanding the terms of any other policy, program, agreement or arrangement, in no event will the Company or any of its affiliates
indemnify or reimburse a Covered Person for any loss of Recoverable Incentive Compensation under this Policy and, to the extent prohibited by law, neither the Company nor
any of its affiliates will pay premiums on any insurance policy that would cover a Covered Person’s potential obligations with respect to Recoverable Incentive Compensation
under this Policy.
5. Administration of Policy
The Compensation Committee will have full authority to administer this Policy. The Compensation Committee will, subject to the provisions of this Policy and Rule 10D-1 of
the Exchange Act, and the Company’s applicable exchange listing standards, make such determinations and interpretations and take such actions in connection with this Policy
as it deems necessary, appropriate or advisable. It is intended that this Policy be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with the requirements of Section 10D of the Exchange
Act, Rule 10D-1 thereunder and any applicable rules or standards adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission or any national securities exchange on which the
Company’s securities are listed. All determinations and interpretations made by the Compensation Committee will be final, binding and conclusive.
6. Other Claims and Rights
The requirements of this Policy are in addition to, and not in lieu of, any legal and equitable claims the Company or any of its affiliates may have or any actions that may be
imposed by law enforcement agencies, regulators, administrative bodies, or other authorities. Further, the exercise by the Compensation Committee of any rights pursuant to
this Policy will not impact any other rights that the Company or any of its affiliates may have with respect to any Covered Person subject to this Policy.
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7. Acknowledgement by Covered Persons; Condition to Eligibility for Incentive Compensation
The Company will provide notice and seek acknowledgement of this Policy from each Covered Person, provided that the failure to provide such notice or obtain such
acknowledgement will have no impact on the applicability or enforceability of this Policy. After the Effective Date (and also with respect to any Incentive Compensation
Received on or after October 2, 2023 pursuant to a preexisting contract or arrangement), any grant of Incentive Compensation to a Covered Person will be deemed to have been
made subject to the terms of this Policy, whether or not such Policy is specifically referenced in the documentation relating to such grant and this Policy shall be deemed to
constitute an integral part of the terms of any such grant. All Incentive Compensation subject to this Policy will remain subject to this policy, even if already paid, until the
Policy ceases to apply to such Incentive Compensation and any other vesting conditions applicable to such Incentive Compensation are satisfied.
8. Amendment; Termination
The Board or the Compensation Committee may amend or terminate this Policy at any time. In the event that Section 10D of the Exchange Act, Rule 10D-1 thereunder or the
rules of the national securities exchange on which the Company’s securities are traded are modified or supplemented, whether by law, regulation or legal interpretation, such
modification or supplement shall be deemed to modify or supplement this Policy to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law.
9. Effectiveness
Except as otherwise determined in writing by the Compensation Committee, this Policy will apply to any Incentive Compensation that is Received by a Covered Person on or
after the Effective Date. This Policy will survive and continue notwithstanding any termination of a Covered Person’s employment with the Company and its affiliates.
10. Successors
This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Covered Persons and their successors, beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators, or other legal representatives.
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Exhibit A
AVALON GLOBOCARE CORP.
COMPENSATION RECOVERY POLICY
DEFINITIONS EXHIBIT
“Applicable Period” means the three completed fiscal years of the Company immediately preceding the earlier of (i) the date the Board, a committee of the Board, or the
officer or officers of the Company authorized to take such action if Board action is not required, concludes (or reasonably should have concluded) that a Restatement is required
or (ii) the date a court, regulator, or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare a Restatement. The “Applicable Period” also includes any transition period
(that results from a change in the Company’s fiscal year) within or immediately following the three completed fiscal years identified in the preceding sentence.
“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.
“Compensation Committee” means the Company’s committee of independent directors responsible for executive compensation decisions, or in the absence of such a
committee, a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board.
“Covered Person” means any person who is, or was at any time, during the Applicable Period, an Executive Officer of the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, a Covered
Person may include a former Executive Officer that left the Company, retired, or transitioned to an employee role (including after serving as an Executive Officer in an interim
capacity) during the Applicable Period.
“Effective Date” means December 1, 2023.
“Executive Officer” means the Company’s president, principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer (or if there is no such accounting
officer, the controller), any vice-president in charge of a principal business unit, division, or function (such as sales, administration, or finance), any other officer who performs
a policy-making function, or any other person (including an officer of the Company’s parent(s) or subsidiaries) who performs similar policy-making functions for the Company.
“Financial Reporting Measure” means a measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial
statements, and any measure that is derived wholly or in part from such measure (including but not limited to, “non-GAAP” financial measures, such as those appearing in the
Company’s earnings releases or Management Discussion and Analysis). Stock price and total shareholder return (and any measures derived wholly or in part therefrom) shall be
considered Financial Reporting Measures.
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“Recovery Exception:” A recovery of Recoverable Incentive Compensation shall be subject to a “Recovery Exception” if the Compensation Committee determines in good
faith that: (i) pursuing such recovery would violate home country law of the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company where that law was adopted prior to November 28,
2022 and the Company provides an opinion of home country counsel to that effect acceptable to the Company’s applicable listing exchange; (ii) the direct expense paid to a
third party to assist in enforcing this Policy would exceed the Recoverable Incentive Compensation and the Company has (A) made a reasonable attempt to recover such
amounts and (B) provided documentation of such attempts to recover to the Company’s applicable listing exchange; or (iii) recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-
qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the requirements of Section 401(a)(13) or Section 411(a) of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and regulations thereunder.
“Incentive Compensation” means any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure. Incentive
Compensation does not include any base salaries (except with respect to any salary increases earned wholly or in part based on the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure
performance goal); bonuses paid solely at the discretion of the Compensation Committee or Board that are not paid from a “bonus pool” that is determined by satisfying a
Financial Reporting Measure performance goal; bonuses paid solely upon satisfying one or more subjective standards and/or completion of a specified employment period;
non-equity incentive plan awards earned solely upon satisfying one or more strategic measures or operational measures; and equity awards that vest solely based on the passage
of time and/or attaining one or more non-Financial Reporting Measures. Incentive Compensation includes any Incentive Compensation Received on or after October 2, 2023
pursuant to a preexisting contract or arrangement.
“Received:” Incentive Compensation is deemed “Received” in the Company’s fiscal period during which the Financial Reporting Measure specified in the Incentive
Compensation award is attained, even if the payment or grant of the Incentive Compensation occurs after the end of that period.
“Recoverable Incentive Compensation” means the amount of any Incentive Compensation (calculated on a pre-tax basis) Received by a Covered Person during the
Applicable Period that is in excess of the amount that otherwise would have been Received if the calculation were based on the Restatement. For Incentive Compensation based
on (or derived from) stock price or total shareholder return where the amount of Recoverable Incentive Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from
the information in the applicable Restatement, the amount will be determined by the Compensation Committee based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the Restatement
on the stock price or total shareholder return upon which the Incentive Compensation was Received (in which case, the Company will maintain documentation of such
determination of that reasonable estimate and provide such documentation to the Company’s applicable listing exchange).
“Restatement” means an accounting restatement of any of the Company’s financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Exchange Act, or
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, due to the Company’s material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under U.S. securities laws, regardless of
whether the Company or Covered Person misconduct was the cause for such restatement. “Restatement” includes any required accounting restatement to correct an error in
previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements (commonly referred to as “Big R” restatements), or that would result in a
material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period (commonly referred to as “little r” restatements).
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