Avid Bioservices
Annual Report 2020

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Plain-text annual report

Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 ________________________ FORM 10-K (Mark One) x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020 or o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _____ to _____ Commission file number: 001-32839 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 95-3698422 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 2642 Michelle Drive, Suite 200, Tustin, California 92780 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (714) 508-6100 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share 10.50% Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share Trading Symbol(s) CDMO CDMOP Name of each exchange on which registered The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Act. Yes o No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company ☒ Accelerated filer o Emerging growth company o Non-accelerated filer ☒ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No ☒ The aggregate market value of the shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of October 31, 2019, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $300,503,000, calculated based on the closing price of the registrant’s common stock as reported by The NASDAQ Capital Market. As of June 19, 2020, the number of shares of registrant’s common stock outstanding was 56,511,294. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Part III of this report incorporates certain information by reference from the registrant’s proxy statement for the annual meeting of stockholders, which proxy statement will be filed no later than 120 days after the close of the registrant’s fiscal year to which this report relates. AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. Form 10-K For the Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Item 1. Business Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures PART II Item 5. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters And Issuer Purchases Of Equity Securities Item 6. Selected Financial Data Item 7. Management’s Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative And Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements And Supplementary Data Item 9. Changes In And Disagreements With Accountants On Accounting And Financial Disclosures Item 9A. Controls And Procedures Item 9B. Other Information PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers And Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners And Management And Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships And Related Transactions, And Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services PART IV Item 15. Exhibits And Financial Statement Schedules Item 16. Form 10-K Summary SIGNATURES i 2 7 17 17 17 17 18 20 21 30 30 60 60 61 62 62 62 63 63 64 64 67 Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements In this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”), unless the context otherwise indicates, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and “Avid” refer to Avid Bioservices, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. In addition to historical information, this Annual Report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that involve risks and uncertainties. The inclusion of forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the objectives or plans will be achieved because our actual results may differ materially from any forward- looking statement. The words “may,” “should,” “plans,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” their opposites and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not necessarily mean that a statement is not forward-looking. We caution readers that such statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and are subject to a number of factors that may tend to influence the accuracy of the statements including, but not limited to, those risk factors outlined in the section titled, “Risk Factors,” as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report. You should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report. We undertake no obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statement to reflect circumstances or events after the date of this Annual Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) after the date of this Annual Report. Avid Bioservices® is a registered trademark of Avid Bioservices, Inc. All other brand names or trademarks appearing in this Annual Report are the property of their respective holders. 1 ITEM 1. BUSINESS Overview PART I We are a dedicated contract development and manufacturing organization (“CDMO”) that provides a comprehensive range of services from process development to Current Good Manufacturing Practices (“CGMP”) clinical and commercial manufacturing, focused on biopharmaceutical drug substances derived from mammalian cell culture. With 27 years of experience producing monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins, our services include CGMP clinical and commercial drug substance manufacturing, bulk packaging, release and stability testing and regulatory submissions support. We also provide a variety of process development services, including upstream and downstream development and optimization, analytical method development, testing and characterization. All our services are available as either stand-alone or bundled for full development and manufacturing programs. Business Transition in Fiscal 2018 During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018, we transitioned our business to a dedicated CDMO and ceased our research and development activities. As part of our transition, we: (i) amended our Certificate of Incorporation to change our corporate name to Avid Bioservices, Inc., effective January 5, 2018, and adopted the “CDMO” as our ticker symbol on The NASDAQ Capital Market; (ii) sold our phosphatidylserine (“PS”)-targeting and r84 technologies in fiscal 2018 and 2019, respectively, under two separate Asset Assignment and Purchase Agreements (as described in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) and abandoned our remaining research and development assets; and (iii) closed an underwritten public offering of our common stock in February 2018 for aggregate net proceeds of $21.5 million. Business Strategy We have a growth strategy that seeks to align with the growth of the biopharmaceutical drug substance contract services market. That strategy encompasses the following objectives: · · · · Invest in additional manufacturing capacity and resources required for us to achieve our long-term growth strategy and meet the growth-demand of our customers’ programs, moving from development through to commercial manufacturing; Broaden our market awareness through a diversified yet flexible marketing strategy; Continue to expand our customer base and programs with existing customers for both process development and manufacturing service offerings; and Increase operating profit margin to best in class industry standards. Our Competitive Strengths We believe that we are well positioned to address the market for outsourced development and manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals derived from mammalian cell culture, due to the following factors: · Expertise in Mammalian Cell Culture Manufacturing: We believe that continued consolidation in the CDMO industry has resulted in a limited number of qualified, agile and independent CDMOs with mammalian cell culture-based biologics development and manufacturing capabilities. The mammalian cell culture production method is highly suitable for manufacturing complex molecules (examples include monoclonal antibodies, next-generation antibodies and recombinant proteins), and we believe the benefits of the mammalian cell culture production method have played a significant role in accelerating the proliferation of biologics therapies. We believe we are well positioned in the industry, given our expertise in mammalian cell culture for biologics manufacturing. 2 · · Broad Spectrum of Services to Support Customers from Early Stage Development to Commercial: We provide fully integrated and customized biomanufacturing services that support our customers from the early preclinical stage to commercial launch and supply. We believe pharmaceutical companies generally prefer to engage with CDMOs that are able to work with a product throughout its lifecycle and have long- standing track records of regulatory compliance and quality control. Our Process Development, CGMP Drug Substance Biomanufacturing, Project Management, Quality Systems and Quality Control are all supported by modern facilities designed to meet customer needs from early stage development to commercial supply. We differentiate our capabilities through several key criteria: (i) we employ a customer-centric approach and collaborate with our customers to tailor customized development and manufacturing services; (ii) our agile manufacturing and development capabilities allow for rapid responses to shifting production requirements, leading to strong customer satisfaction and retention; and (iii) our single-use bioreactors contribute to enhanced manufacturing efficiency for our customers and reduces our capital spending needs. Strong Regulatory Track Record: Historically, developing the expertise to comply with stringent regulatory audits and validation requirements has been a challenge for both pharmaceutical companies and CDMOs, and has been seen as a significant barrier to entry for many CDMOs, as facilities can take years to construct and properly validate. We believe pharmaceutical companies place a premium on working with CDMOs that can ensure a high degree of regulatory compliance, which decreases execution risk. We have a strong regulatory track record, consisting of a 17- year inspection history with no significant impact on our business. In addition, since 2005 we completed six successful pre-approval inspections. We also completed four U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) inspections between 2013 and the most recently completed inspection in early calendar year 2018, none of which resulted in any Form 483 observations by the FDA. Further, we routinely successfully comply with audits by large pharmaceutical companies. · Modern and Optimized Infrastructure: With the development of our Myford Facility and the recent commissioning of our new process development laboratory space in late calendar year 2019, we believe we have positioned our business to capitalize on increasing demand in the biologics manufacturing industry for modular cleanroom space, onsite process development laboratory and single-use bioreactors. These developments have driven demand among pharmaceutical companies for facilities that can develop and produce pilot scale batches (up to 200 liters) in process development using a process train that matches the single-use bioreactors in CGMP production. With single-use bioreactors ranging from 200 to 2,000 liters, our CGMP Myford Facility is designed to provide our customers with the desired efficiency and flexibility. · Significant Manufacturing Experience with a Proven Track Record: We have 27 years of experience producing monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins, over 15 years of CGMP commercial manufacturing experience and over 12 years of experience with single-use bioreactor technology. We believe this experience, combined with our management team and board of directors’ deep experience in the CDMO industry, positions us to take advantage of positive long term industry trends. Our Growth Strategy We believe we have a significant opportunity to drive organic growth by leveraging our strengths, broadening our capabilities, increasing our capacity and improving our market visibility. · · Diversify Customer Base: We have taken and continue to take steps to diversify and expand our customer base and have developed marketing and sales strategies designed to drive new customer acquisitions, while also continuing to leverage our existing relationships to support new programs with our existing customers. Expand Process Development Capabilities: Most recently, we expanded our process development capabilities in order to make our operations more attractive to emerging, mid-sized and large pharmaceutical companies. This expansion included increasing our total available process development and laboratory space, upgraded infrastructure and equipment within our existing process development laboratories, and implemented new state-of-the-art technologies and equipment (including benchtop bioreactors and pilot scale manufacturing up to 200 liters) designed to facilitate efficient, high-throughput development of innovative upstream and downstream manufacturing processes that transfer directly into our CGMP manufacturing facility. 3 · · · Expand Manufacturing Footprint and Enhance Efficiencies: Our existing Myford Facility has 42,000 square feet of vacant warehouse space, which will allow us to utilize existing manufacturing and quality infrastructure that we believe should enhance our manufacturing efficiencies and reduce the overall cost and timeframe to construct a third biomanufacturing facility. This space could house a facility that can accommodate up to six additional 2,000-liter single-use bioreactors. As we continue to fill capacity in our current CGMP facilities, we will refine our plans and determine the appropriate time to execute this expansion that will more than double our installed liters of manufacturing capacity. Increase Operating Margins: We believe we have the opportunity to drive operating margin expansion by utilizing our available capacity, and implementing continuous process efficiencies. We believe increased facility capacity utilization resulting from the growth strategies described herein, will drive significantly improved operating margins. Reinvest in Equipment and Facilities: We believe that re-investing in our laboratory and manufacturing equipment and facilities is strategically important to meet future customer demand. Our Facilities Our Myford Facility has 42,000 square feet of space designed to utilize single-use equipment up to the 2,000-liter manufacturing scale to accommodate a fully disposable biomanufacturing process for products from clinical development to commercial supply. Our Myford Facility includes single-use bioreactors (200-liter to 2,000-liter), quality control labs for environmental and analytical testing, warehousing and material storage (including two walk-in cold rooms) and cell bank cryofreezers. The Myford Facility is located adjacent to our Franklin Facility and has an additional 42,000 square-feet of space available for future expansion. Our 12,000 square-foot Franklin Facility includes stainless steel bioreactors (100-liter to 1,000-liter) and single-use bioreactors (200-liter to 1,000-liter), water-for-injection, an autoclave and depyrogenation oven, material storage (including a walk-in cold room) and cell bank cryofreezers. The Franklin Facility is located adjacent to our headquarters in Tustin, California. Manufacturing and Raw Materials We manufacture CGMP pharmaceutical-grade products for our customers. The process for manufacturing generally uses commercially available raw materials from multiple suppliers, and in some instances, from a single source supplier. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business” for additional discussion of raw materials supplied by third party vendors for the products we manufacture for our customers. We rely on third parties to supply most of the necessary raw materials and supplies for the products we manufacture on behalf of our customers and our inability to obtain such raw materials or supplies may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Regulatory Matters We have a strong and proven regulatory track record, including 17 years of inspection history with no significant impact to our business. To date, we have been successfully audited and qualified by large and small and domestic and foreign biotechnology companies interested in the production of biologic material for clinical and commercial use. Additionally, we have been successfully audited by several regulatory agencies, including the FDA, the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (“ANVISA”), the Canadian Health Authority (“Health Canada”), the California Department of Health and the Australian Department of Health. We are required to comply with the regulatory requirements of various local, state, national and international regulatory bodies having jurisdiction in the countries or localities where we manufacture products or where our customers’ products are distributed. In particular, we are subject to laws and regulations concerning research and development, testing, manufacturing processes, equipment and facilities, including compliance with CGMPs, labeling and distribution, import and export, and product registration and listing. As a result, our facilities are subject to regulation by the FDA, as well as regulatory bodies of other jurisdictions where our customers have marketing approval for their products including, but not limited to, the EMA, ANVISA, Health Canada, and the Australian Department of Health. We are also required to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, as discussed in “Environmental and Safety Matters” below. These regulatory requirements impact many aspects of our operations, including manufacturing, developing, labeling, packaging, storage, distribution, import and export and record keeping related to customers’ products. Noncompliance with any applicable regulatory requirements can result in government refusal to approve facilities for manufacturing products or products for commercialization. 4 Our customers’ products must undergo pre-clinical and clinical evaluations relating to product safety and efficacy before they are approved as commercial therapeutic products. The regulatory authorities having jurisdiction in the countries in which our customers intend to market their products may delay or put on hold clinical trials, delay approval of a product or determine that the product is not approvable. The FDA or other regulatory agencies can delay approval of a drug if our manufacturing facilities are not able to demonstrate compliance with CGMPs, pass other aspects of pre-approval inspections (i.e., compliance with filed submissions) or properly scale up to produce commercial supplies. The FDA and comparable government authorities having jurisdiction in the countries in which our customers intend to market their products have the authority to withdraw product approval or suspend manufacture if there are significant problems with raw materials or supplies, quality control and assurance or the product is deemed adulterated or misbranded. If new legislation or regulations are enacted or existing legislation or regulations are amended or are interpreted or enforced differently, we may be required to obtain additional approvals or operate according to different manufacturing or operating standards or pay additional fees. This may require a change in our manufacturing techniques or additional capital investments in our facilities. The costs associated with complying with the various applicable local, state, national and international regulations could be significant and the failure to comply with such legal requirements could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business” for additional discussion of the costs associated with complying with the various regulations. Failure to comply with existing and future regulatory requirements could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Environmental and Safety Matters Certain products manufactured by us involve the use, storage and transportation of toxic and hazardous materials. Our operations are subject to extensive laws and regulations relating to the storage, handling, emission, transportation and discharge of materials into the environment and the maintenance of safe working conditions. We maintain environmental and industrial safety and health compliance programs and training at our facilities. Prevailing legislation tends to hold companies primarily responsible for the proper disposal of their waste even after transfer to third party waste disposal facilities. Other future developments, such as increasingly strict environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, and enforcement policies, could result in substantial costs and liabilities to us and could subject the handling, manufacture, use, reuse or disposal of substances or pollutants at our facilities to more rigorous scrutiny than at present. Intellectual Property We do not currently own any patents and do not have any patent applications pending in the United States or any foreign countries. However, we have acquired and developed and continue to acquire and develop knowledge and expertise (“know-how”) and trade secrets in the provision of process development and manufacturing services. Our know-how and trade secrets may not be patentable, but they are valuable in that they enhance our ability to provide high-quality services to our customers. We typically place restrictions in our agreements with third-parties, which contractually restrict their right to use and disclose any of our proprietary technology with which they may be involved. In addition, we have internal non-disclosure safeguards, including confidentiality agreements, with our employees. We also own trademarks to protect the names of our services. Trademark protection continues in some countries as long as the trademark is used, and in other countries, as long as the trademark is registered. Trademark registration is for fixed terms and can be renewed indefinitely. Segment Information Our business is organized into one reportable operating segment, our contract manufacturing services segment. In addition, we had no foreign-based operations and no long-lived assets located in foreign countries as of and for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018. 5 Customers Revenues have historically been derived from a small customer base. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we derived approximately 63%, 64% and 86% of our revenues from our top three customers, respectively. We continue to be dependent on a limited number of customers for a substantial majority of our revenue. In addition, the duration of our fulfillment of customer contracts varies from a few months to more than 24 months, due to the nature and size of each customer’s requirements. The loss of, or a significant reduction of business from, any of our primary customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Refer to Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional financial information regarding our customer concentration, including the name of significant customers, and geographic location of customers. Backlog Our backlog represents, as of a point in time, future revenue from work not yet completed under signed contracts. As of April 30, 2020, our backlog was approximately $65 million, as compared to approximately $46 million as of April 30, 2019. While we anticipate the majority of our backlog will be recognized during fiscal year 2021, our backlog is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the risk that a customer timely cancels its commitments prior to our initiation of manufacturing services, in which case we may be required to refund some or all of the amounts paid to us in advance under those canceled commitments; the risk that a customer may experience delays in its program(s) or otherwise, which could result in the postponement of anticipated manufacturing services; and the risk that we may not successfully execute on all customer projects, any of which could have a negative impact on our liquidity, reported backlog and future revenue. Competition Our competition in the CDMO market includes a number of full-service contract manufacturers and large pharmaceutical companies offering third-party manufacturing services to fill their excess capacity. Also, large pharmaceutical companies have been seeking to divest portions of their manufacturing capacity, and any such divested businesses may compete with us in the future. Some of our significantly larger and global competitors have substantially greater financial, marketing, technical or other resources than we do. Moreover, additional competition may emerge and may, among other things, create downward pricing pressure, which would affect our financial condition and results of operations. Employees As of April 30, 2020, we employed 222 full-time employees and 5 part-time employees. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have not experienced employment-related work stoppages and consider our employee relations to be good. Company Information We were originally incorporated in the State of California in June 1981 and reincorporated in the State of Delaware on September 25, 1996. Our principal executive offices are located at 2642 Michelle Drive, Suite 200, Tustin, California, 92780 and our telephone number is (714) 508-6100. Our principal website address is www.avidbio.com. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this Annual Report. Available Information This Annual Report, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K, and our proxy statements, and all amendments to those reports filed with or furnished to the SEC are available, free of charge, through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and our website at www.avidbio.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this Annual Report. 6 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information contained in this report, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, before making a decision to invest in our securities. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently believe are not material, also may become important factors that affect us and impair our business operations. The occurrence of any of the events or developments discussed in the risk factors below could have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and, in such case, our future prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. Risks Related to Our Business If we cannot secure additional business, we may have to raise additional capital or restructure, or cease, our operations. We have expended substantial funds on our contract manufacturing business and, historically, on our research and development business, which we discontinued in fiscal year 2018. As a result, we have historically experienced losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception and may continue to experience negative cash flows from operations until we can generate sufficient revenue to generate positive cash flow from operations. Our ability to fund our operations is dependent on the amount of cash on hand and our ability to generate positive cash flow to sustain our current operations. At April 30, 2020, we had $36.3 million in cash and cash equivalents. Although it is difficult to forecast all of our future liquidity requirements, we believe that our cash and cash equivalents on hand, combined with our projected cash receipts from services to be rendered under our existing customer contracts, will be sufficient to fund our operations beyond one year after the date our consolidated financial statements are issued without securing any additional manufacturing services projects, capital equipment financing, or raising additional capital in the equity markets. In addition, in the event a customer timely cancels its commitments prior to our initiation of manufacturing services, we may be required to refund some or all of the advance payments made to us under those canceled commitments, which would have a negative impact on our liquidity, reported backlog and future revenue. Further, in the event we are unable to secure sufficient business to support our current operations, we may need to raise additional capital in the equity markets in order to fund our future operations. We may raise funds through the issuance of debt or through the public offering of securities. There can be no assurance that these financings will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our ability to raise additional capital in the equity and debt markets is dependent on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the market demand for our common stock. The market demand or liquidity of our common stock is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to, our financial results and economic and market conditions. Further, global financial crises and economic downturns, including those caused by widespread public health crises such as the global novel coronavirus disease, may cause extreme volatility and disruptions in capital and credit markets, and may impact our ability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to fund our continuing operations through these sources, we may need to restructure, or cease, our operations. In addition, even if we are able to raise additional capital, it may not be at a price or on terms that are favorable to us. Any of these actions could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and future prospects. Our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected by global health epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the global novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) outbreak a pandemic. COVID-19 has spread across the globe and is affecting worldwide economic activity. Any public health epidemic, including the COVID-19 pandemic, may affect our operations and those of third parties on which we rely, including our customers and suppliers. Our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be affected by: disruptions in our customers’ abilities to fund, develop, or bring to market products as anticipated; delays in or disruptions to the conduct of clinical trials by our customers; cancellations of contracts or confirmed orders from our customers; and the inability, difficulty, or additional cost or delays in obtaining key raw materials, components, and other supplies from our existing supply chain; among other factors caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our operations could be disrupted if some of our employees become ill or are otherwise absent from work as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, governmental restrictions, including travel restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, business closures, new safety requirements or regulations, or restrictions on the import or export of certain materials, or other operational issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. We continue to monitor our operations and governmental recommendations and have made modifications for an indefinite period to our normal operations because of the COVID-19 pandemic, including requiring most non-production related employees to work remotely which may increase cyber security risks or create data accessibility concerns. 7 Our operating results will be adversely affected if we are unable to maximize our facility capacity utilization. Our operating results are significantly influenced by our capacity utilization and, as such, if we are unable to utilize our facilities to capacity, our margins could be adversely affected, and our financial condition and results of operations will continue to be adversely affected. We have experienced idle manufacturing capacity and we may continue to experience such idle manufacturing capacity until we secure substantial additional revenues from existing and/or new customers. We have a history of losses, anticipate future losses and may never achieve profitability. We have incurred net losses in most fiscal years since we began operations in 1981, including net losses of $10.5 million and $4.2 million for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of April 30, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $571.1 million. We may continue to experience negative cash flows from operations until we can generate sufficient additional revenue from operations to achieve profitability and positive cash flows. If we fail to generate sufficient additional revenue, we may never achieve profitability. Because a significant portion of our revenue comes from a limited number of customers, any decrease in sales to these customers could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Revenue has historically been derived from a small customer base. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we derived approximately 63%, 64% and 86% of our revenues from our top three customers, respectively. We continue to be dependent on a limited number of customers for a substantial majority of our revenue. The loss of, or a significant reduction of business from, any of our major customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Failure to comply with existing and future regulatory requirements could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our industry is highly regulated. We are required to comply with the regulatory requirements of various local, state, provincial, national and international regulatory bodies having jurisdiction in the countries or localities in which we manufacture products or in which our customers’ products are distributed. In particular, we are subject to laws and regulations concerning development, testing, manufacturing processes, equipment and facilities, including compliance with CGMPs, import and export, and product registration and listing, among other things. As a result, most of our facilities are subject to regulation by the FDA, as well as regulatory bodies of other jurisdictions where our customers have marketing approval for their products including, but not limited to, the EMA, ANVISA and/or Health Canada, depending on the countries in which our customers market and sell the products we manufacture on their behalf. As we expand our operations and geographic scope, we may be exposed to more complex and new regulatory and administrative requirements and legal risks, any of which may require expertise in which we have little or no experience. It is possible that compliance with new regulatory requirements could impose significant compliance costs on us. Such costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. These regulatory requirements impact many aspects of our operations, including manufacturing, developing, storage, distribution, import and export and record keeping related to customers’ products. Noncompliance with any applicable regulatory requirements can result in government refusal to approve: (i) facilities for testing or manufacturing products or (ii) products for commercialization. The FDA and other regulatory agencies can delay, limit or deny approval for many reasons, including: · · · · changes to the regulatory approval process, including new data requirements for product candidates in those jurisdictions, including the United States, in which our customers may be seeking approval; that a customer’s product candidate may not be deemed to be safe or effective; the ability of the regulatory agency to provide timely responses as a result of its resource constraints; and that the manufacturing processes or facilities may not meet the applicable requirements. 8 In addition, if new legislation or regulations are enacted or existing legislation or regulations are amended or are interpreted or enforced differently, we may be required to obtain additional approvals or operate according to different manufacturing or operating standards. This may require a change in our development and manufacturing techniques or additional capital investments in our facilities. Any related costs may be significant. If we fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements in the future, then we may be subject to warning letters and/or civil or criminal penalties and fines, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approvals, product recalls, seizure of products, restrictions on the import and export of our products, debarment, exclusion, disgorgement of profits, operating restrictions and criminal prosecution and the loss of contracts and resulting revenue losses. Inspections by regulatory authorities that identify any deficiencies could result in remedial actions, production stoppages or facility closure, which would disrupt the manufacturing process and supply of product to our customers. In addition, such failure to comply could expose us to contractual and product liability claims, including claims by customers for reimbursement for lost or damaged active pharmaceutical ingredients or recall or other corrective actions, the cost of which could be significant. In addition, certain products we manufacture must undergo pre-clinical and clinical evaluations relating to product safety and efficacy before they are approved as commercial therapeutic products. The regulatory authorities having jurisdiction in the countries in which we or our customers intend to market their products may delay or put on hold clinical trials or delay approval of a product or determine that the product is not approvable. The FDA or other regulatory agencies can delay approval of a drug if our manufacturing facility, including any newly commissioned facility, is not able to demonstrate compliance with CGMPs, pass other aspects of pre-approval inspections or properly scale up to produce commercial supplies. The FDA and comparable government authorities having jurisdiction in the countries in which we or our customers intend to market their products have the authority to withdraw product approval or suspend manufacture if there are significant problems with raw materials or supplies, quality control and assurance or the product we manufacture is adulterated or misbranded. If our manufacturing facilities and services are not in compliance with FDA and comparable government authorities, we may be unable to obtain or maintain the necessary approvals to continue manufacturing products for our customers, which would materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our customer’s failure to receive or maintain regulatory approval for their product candidates could negatively impact our revenue and profitability. Our contract manufacturing business materially depends upon the regulatory approval of the products we manufacture. As such, if our customers experience a delay in, or failure to receive, approval for any of their product candidates or fail to maintain regulatory approval of their products, our revenue and profitability could be adversely affected. Additionally, if the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority does not approve of our facilities for the manufacture of a customer product or if it withdraws such approval in the future, our customers may choose to identify alternative manufacturing facilities and/or relationships, which could significantly impact our ability to expand our CDMO capacity and capabilities and achieve profitability. Our manufacturing services are highly complex, and if we are unable to provide quality and timely services to our customers, our business could suffer. The manufacturing services we offer are highly complex, due in part to strict regulatory requirements. A failure of our quality control systems in our facilities could cause problems to arise in connection with facility operations for a variety of reasons, including equipment malfunction, viral contamination, failure to follow specific manufacturing instructions, protocols and standard operating procedures, problems with raw materials or environmental factors. Such problems could affect production of a single manufacturing run or a series of runs, requiring the destruction of products, or could halt manufacturing operations altogether. In addition, our failure to meet required quality standards may result in our failure to timely deliver products to our customers which, in turn, could damage our reputation for quality and service. Any such incident could, among other things, lead to increased costs, lost revenue, reimbursement to customers for lost drug substance, damage to and possibly termination of existing customer relationships, time and expense spent investigating the cause and, depending on the cause, similar losses with respect to other manufacturing runs. With respect to our commercial manufacturing, if problems are not discovered before the product is released to the market, we may be subject to regulatory actions, including product recalls, product seizures, injunctions to halt manufacture and distribution, restrictions on our operations, civil sanctions, including monetary sanctions, and criminal actions. In addition, such issues could subject us to litigation, the cost of which could be significant. 9 We depend on spending and demand from our customers for our contract manufacturing and development services and any reduction in spending or demand could have a material adverse effect on our business. The amount that our customers spend on the development and manufacture of their products or product candidates, particularly the amount our customers choose to spend on outsourcing these services to us, substantially impacts our revenue and profitability. The outcomes of our customers’ research, development and marketing also significantly influence the amount that our customers choose to spend on our services and offerings. Our customers determine the amounts that they will spend on our services based upon, among other things, the clinical and market success of their products, available resources, access to capital and their need to develop new products which, in turn, depend upon a number of other factors, including their competitors’ research, development and product initiatives and the anticipated market for any new products, as well as clinical and reimbursement scenarios for specific products and therapeutic areas. Further, increasing consolidation in the pharmaceutical industry may impact such spending, particularly in the event that any of our customers choose to develop or acquire integrated manufacturing operations. Any reduction in customer spending on biologics development and related services as a result of these and other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The consumers of the products we manufacture for our customers may significantly influence our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We depend on, and have no control over, consumer demand for the products we manufacture for our customers. Consumer demand for our customers’ products could be adversely affected by, among other things, delays in health regulatory approval, the inability of our customers to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of their products, the loss of patent and other intellectual property rights protection, the emergence of competing or alternative products, including generic drugs, the degree to which private and government payment subsidies for a particular product offset the cost to consumers and changes in the marketing strategies for such products. If the products we manufacture for our customers do not gain market acceptance, our revenues and profitability may be adversely affected. We believe that continued changes to the healthcare industry, including ongoing healthcare reform, adverse changes in government or private funding of healthcare products and services, legislation or regulations governing the privacy of patient information or patient access to care, or the delivery, pricing or reimbursement of pharmaceuticals and healthcare services or mandated benefits, may cause healthcare industry participants to purchase fewer services from us or influence the price that others are willing to pay for our services. Changes in the healthcare industry’s pricing, selling, inventory, distribution or supply policies or practices could also significantly reduce our revenue and profitability. If production volumes of key products that we manufacture for our customers decline, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected. We may be unable to manage our future growth effectively, which could make it difficult to execute our business strategy. During fiscal year 2018 we completed our transition to a dedicated CDMO and, in connection with the transition, we divested our research and development assets and reduced our overall workforce to reduce costs and better position us to achieve potential profitability. We intend to continue to grow our business operations as demand for our services increases and increase the number of our employees to accommodate such potential growth, which may cause us to experience periods of rapid growth and expansion. This potential future growth could create a strain on our organizational, administrative and operational infrastructure, including manufacturing operations, quality control, technical support and other administrative functions. Our ability to manage our growth properly will require us to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls. As we expect our commercial operations and sales volume to grow, we will need to continue to increase our capacity for manufacturing, customer service, billing and general process improvements and expand our internal quality assurance program, among other things. We may also need to purchase additional equipment, some of which can take several months or more to procure, install and validate, and increase our manufacturing, maintenance, software and computing capacity to meet increased demand. We may not be able to successfully implement the increase in scale, expansion of personnel, purchase and validation of equipment or process enhancements, which could adversely affect our ability to increase revenues. 10 If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our customers’ proprietary information, we may be subject to claims. Many of the formulations used and processes developed by us in the manufacture of our customers’ products are subject to trade secret protection, patents or other intellectual property protections owned or licensed by such customer. While we make significant efforts to protect our customers’ proprietary and confidential information, including requiring our employees to enter into agreements protecting such information, if any of our employees breaches the non-disclosure provisions in such agreements, or if our customers make claims that their proprietary information has been disclosed, our reputation may suffer damage and we may become subject to legal proceedings that could require us to incur significant expense and divert our management’s time, attention and resources. Our services and our customers’ products may infringe on or misappropriate the intellectual property rights of third parties. Any claims that our services infringe the rights of third parties, including claims arising from any of our customer engagements, regardless of their merit or resolution, could be costly and may divert the efforts and attention of our management and technical personnel. We may not prevail in such proceedings, given the complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties in intellectual property litigation. If such proceedings result in an adverse outcome, we could be required, among other things, to pay substantial damages, discontinue the use of the infringing technology, expend significant resources to develop non- infringing technology, license such technology from the third party claiming infringement (which license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all) and/or cease the manufacture, use or sale of the infringing processes or offerings, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, our customers’ products may be subject to claims of intellectual property infringement and such claims could materially affect our business if their products cease to be manufactured and they have to discontinue the use of the infringing technology which we may provide. Any of the foregoing could affect our ability to compete or could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we do not enhance our existing or introduce new service offerings in a timely manner, our offerings may become obsolete or noncompetitive over time, customers may not buy our offerings and our revenues and profitability may decline. Demand for our manufacturing services may change in ways that we may not anticipate due to evolving industry standards and customer needs that are increasingly sophisticated and varied, as well as the introduction by others of new offerings and technologies that provide alternatives to our offerings. In the event we are unable to offer or enhance our service offerings or expand our manufacturing infrastructure to accommodate requests from our customers and potential customers, our offerings may become obsolete or noncompetitive over time, in which case our revenue and operating results would suffer. For example, if we are unable to respond to changes in the nature or extent of the technological or other needs of our customers through enhancing our offerings, our competition may develop offerings that are more competitive than ours and we could find it more difficult to renew or expand existing agreements or obtain new agreements. Potential innovations intended to facilitate enhanced or new offerings generally will require a substantial capital investment before we can determine their commercial viability, and we may not have financial resources sufficient to fund all desired innovations. Even if we succeed in creating enhanced or new offerings, however, they may still fail to result in commercially successful offerings or may not produce revenue in excess of our costs of development, and they may be rendered obsolete by changing customer preferences or the introduction by our competitors of offerings embodying new technologies or features. Finally, the marketplace may not accept our innovations due to, among other things, existing patterns of clinical practice, the need for regulatory clearance and/or uncertainty over market access or government or third-party reimbursement. We operate in a highly competitive market and competition may adversely affect our business. We operate in a market that is highly competitive. Our competition in the contract manufacturing market includes full-service contract manufacturers and large pharmaceutical companies offering third-party manufacturing services to fill their excess capacity. We may also compete with the internal operations of those pharmaceutical companies that choose to source their product offerings internally. In addition, most of our competitors may have substantially greater financial, marketing, technical or other resources than we do. Moreover, additional competition may emerge, particularly in lower-cost jurisdictions such as India and China, which could, among other things, result in a decrease in the fees paid for our services, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. 11 We rely on third parties to supply most of the necessary raw materials and supplies for the products we manufacture on behalf of our customers and our inability to obtain such raw materials or supplies may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our operations require various raw materials, including proprietary media, resins, buffers, and filters, in addition to numerous additional raw materials supplied primarily by third parties. We or our customers specify the raw materials and other items required to manufacture their product and, in some cases, specify the suppliers from whom we must purchase these raw materials. In certain instances, the raw materials and other items can only be supplied by a limited number of suppliers and, in some cases, a single source, or in limited quantities. If third-party suppliers do not supply raw materials or other items on a timely basis, it may cause a manufacturing run to be delayed or canceled which would adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, we do not have long-term supply contracts with any of our single source suppliers. If we experience difficulties acquiring sufficient quantities of required materials or products from our existing suppliers, or if our suppliers are found to be non-compliant with the FDA’s quality system regulation, CGMPs or other applicable laws or regulations, we would be required to find alternative suppliers. If our primary suppliers become unable or unwilling to perform, any resulting delays or interruptions in the supply of raw materials required to support our manufacturing of CGMP pharmaceutical-grade products would ultimately delay our manufacture of products for our customers, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. Furthermore, third-party suppliers may fail to provide us with raw materials and other items that meet the qualifications and specifications required by us or our customers. If third-party suppliers are not able to provide us with raw materials that meet our or our customers’ specifications on a timely basis, we may be unable to manufacture their product or it could prevent us from delivering products to our customers within required timeframes. Any such delay in delivering our products may create liability for us to our customers for breach of contract or cause us to experience order cancellations and loss of customers. In the event that we manufacture products with inferior quality components and raw materials, we may become subject to product liability claims caused by defective raw materials or components from a third-party supplier or from a customer, or our customer may be required to recall its products from the market. If we use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable for damages. Our contract manufacturing operations involve, and our recently discontinued research and development activities involved, the controlled use of hazardous materials and chemicals. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the U.S. governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and chemicals. Although we believe that our procedures for using, handling, storing and disposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we may incur significant additional costs to comply with applicable laws in the future. Also, even if we are in compliance with applicable laws, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from hazardous materials or chemicals. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of these materials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability could exceed our resources. Compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our contract manufacturing operations, which could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Potential product liability claims, errors and omissions claims in connection with services we perform and potential liability under indemnification agreements between us and our officers and directors could adversely affect us. We manufacture products intended for use in humans. These activities could expose us to risk of liability for personal injury or death to persons using such products. We seek to reduce our potential liability through measures such as contractual indemnification provisions with customers (the scope of which may vary by customer, and the performances of which are not secured) and insurance maintained by us and our customers. We could be materially adversely affected if we are required to pay damages or incur defense costs in connection with a claim that is outside the scope of the indemnification agreements, if the indemnity, although applicable, is not performed in accordance with its terms or if our liabilities exceed the amount of applicable insurance or indemnity. In addition, we could be held liable for errors and omissions in connection with the services we perform. We currently maintain product liability and errors and omissions insurance with respect to these risks. There can be no assurance, however, that our insurance coverage will be adequate or that insurance coverage will continue to be available on terms acceptable to us. 12 We also indemnify our officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is serving at our request in such capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited. Although we have a director and officer insurance policy that covers a portion of any potential exposure, we could be materially and adversely affected if we are required to pay damages or incur legal costs in connection with a claim above such insurance limits. Any claims beyond our insurance coverage limits, or that are otherwise not covered by our insurance, may result in substantial costs and a reduction in our available capital resources. We maintain property insurance, employer’s liability insurance, product liability insurance, general liability insurance, business interruption insurance, and directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, among others. Although we maintain what we believe to be adequate insurance coverage, potential claims may exceed the amount of insurance coverage or may be excluded under the terms of the policy, which could cause an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results from operations. Generally, we would be at risk for the loss of inventory that is not within customer specifications. These amounts could be significant. In addition, in the future we may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage or we may be required to pay higher premiums and accept higher deductibles in order to secure adequate insurance coverage. We depend on key personnel and the loss of key personnel could harm our business and results of operations. We depend on our ability to attract and retain qualified scientific and technical employees, as well as a number of key executives. These employees may voluntarily terminate their employment with us at any time. There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain key personnel, or to attract and retain additional qualified employees. We do not maintain key-man or similar policies covering any of our senior management or key personnel. Our inability to attract and retain key personnel would have a material adverse effect on our business. We have federal and state net operating loss (“NOL”) carry forwards which, if we were to become profitable, could be used to offset/defer federal and state income taxes. Our ability to use such carry forwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations related to changes in ownership of our stock. As of April 30, 2020, we had federal and state NOL carry forwards of approximately $427 million and $277 million, respectively, expiring from 2021 to 2038. These NOL carry forwards could potentially be used to offset certain future federal and state income tax liabilities. However, utilization of NOL carry forwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), as well as similar state provisions due to ownership changes that have occurred previously or that could occur in the future. In general, an ownership change, as defined by Section 382, results from transactions increasing the ownership of certain stockholders or public groups in the stock of a corporation by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year period. A Section 382 analysis was completed as of the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019 and we subsequently reviewed such activity through April 30, 2020, which we determined that no such change in ownership has occurred. However, ownership changes occurring subsequent to April 30, 2020 may impact the utilization of our NOL carry forwards and other tax attributes. Any limitation may result in expiration of a portion of the carry forwards before utilization. If we were not able to utilize our carry forwards, we would be required to use our cash resources to pay taxes that would otherwise have been offset, thereby reducing our liquidity. U.S. federal income tax reform could adversely affect us. In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law, significantly reforming the Code. The Tax Act, among other things, includes changes to U.S. federal tax rates, imposes significant additional limitations on the deductibility of interest, allows for the expensing of capital expenditures, effectuates the migration from a “worldwide” system of taxation to a territorial system and modifies or repeals many business deductions and credits. We continue to examine the impact the Tax Act may have on our business. As the overall impact of the Tax Act is evolving, we continue to evaluate the effect of the Tax Act on our business, including our projection of minimal cash taxes and our net operating losses, the impact of such tax reform could have a negative impact on our financial results and the market price of our common stock. 13 Business disruptions could seriously harm our future revenues and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. Our operations could be subject to earthquakes, power shortages and surges, telecommunications failures, water shortages, floods, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics and other natural or manmade disasters or business interruptions, for which we have limited insurance or are predominantly self-insured. The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm our manufacturing operations and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. Our ability to obtain raw materials, components and supplies for the manufacture, as well as the services of outside testing laboratories, of our third party customers’ products, for which we act as a contract manufacturer, could be disrupted, if the operations of these suppliers and/or labs is affected by a man-made or natural disaster or other business interruption. Our corporate headquarters and manufacturing facilities are located in California near major earthquake faults. The ultimate impact on us, our significant suppliers and our general infrastructure of being located near major earthquake faults and being consolidated in certain geographical areas is unknown, but our operations and financial condition could suffer in the event of a major earthquake or other natural disaster. We may face additional liabilities associated with our prior research and development activities. In 2018, we sold the majority of our research and development assets, including our development-stage immunotherapy product, bavituximab (as described in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). As a result, we are no longer pursuing our prior research and development activities, including the clinical development associated therewith. We may still face unknown liabilities associated with these prior activities. For example, in the course of our prior development of our product candidate, bavituximab, we contracted with third parties to conduct a series of clinical trials and, although we maintain product liability insurance for clinical studies in the amount of $10 million per occurrence or $10 million in the aggregate on a claims-made basis, as well as country-specific coverage where required for clinical sites located in foreign countries, our coverage may not be adequate in the event we face a product liability claim due to an adverse effect resulting from any of such trials. Any liabilities arising from our prior research and development activities that are not covered by our insurance coverage could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations. We may be subject to various litigation claims and legal proceedings. We, as well as certain of our directors and officers, may be subject to claims or lawsuits during the ordinary course of business. Regardless of the outcome, these lawsuits may result in significant legal fees and expenses and could divert management’s time and other resources. If the claims contained in these lawsuits are successfully asserted against us, we could be liable for damages and be required to alter or cease certain of our business practices. Any of these outcomes could cause our business, financial performance and cash position to be negatively impacted. We have become increasingly dependent on information technology and any breakdown, interruption or breach of our information technology systems could subject us to liability or interrupt the operation of our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We are increasingly dependent upon sophisticated information technology systems and infrastructure in connection with the conduct of our business. We must constantly update our information technology infrastructure and our various current information technology systems throughout the organization may not continue to meet our current and future business needs. Furthermore, modification, upgrade or replacement of such systems may be costly. In addition, due to the size and complexity of these systems, any breakdown, interruption, corruption or unauthorized access to or cyber-attack on these systems could create system disruptions, shutdowns or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. While we attempt to take appropriate security and cyber- security measures to protect our data and information technology systems and to prevent such breakdowns and unauthorized breaches and cyber-attacks, these measures may not be successful and these breakdowns and breaches in, or attacks on, our systems and data may not be prevented. Such breakdowns, breaches or attacks may cause business interruption and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline, and we may suffer financial damage or other loss, including fines or criminal penalties because of lost or misappropriated information. 14 Our bylaws, as amended, provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees. Our bylaws, as amended, provide that, unless we consent in writing to an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any action asserting a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or other employees to us, any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws, any action to interpret, apply, enforce, or determine the validity of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws, or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. Risks Related to the Ownership of Our Common Stock A significant number of shares of our common stock are issuable pursuant to outstanding options, restricted stock units and convertible securities, and we may issue additional shares of common stock in the future. Sales or conversions of these shares will dilute the interests of other security holders and may depress the price of our common stock. As of April 30, 2020, an aggregate of 6,941,049 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under outstanding stock options and restricted stock units, or available for future issuance under our stock incentive plans. Additionally, as of April 30, 2020, there were 1,148,735 shares of common stock reserved for and available for issuance under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) and up to 6,826,435 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of our outstanding 10.50% Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series E Preferred Stock”). The issuance of additional shares of common stock upon the exercise, release or conversion, as applicable, of any of the foregoing securities, or the perception that such issuances may occur, would have a dilutive impact on other stockholders and could have a material negative effect on the market price of our common stock. Our highly volatile stock price may adversely affect the liquidity of our common stock. The market price of our common stock has generally been highly volatile and is likely to continue to be highly volatile. For instance, the market price of our common stock has ranged from $2.24 to $8.44 per share over the last three fiscal years ended April 30, 2020 (as adjusted to reflect the 1-for-7 reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding common stock that took effect on July 10, 2017). In addition, the market price of our common stock may be significantly impacted by many factors including, but not limited to: · · · · · · · · · · · · · our loss of a significant customer; significant changes in our financial results or that of our competitors, including our ability to continue as a going concern; our ability to meet our revenue guidance; the offering and sale of shares of our common stock, either sold at market prices or at a discount under an equity transaction; significant changes in our capital structure; published reports by securities analysts; announcements of partnering transactions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, and any other transaction that involves the development, sale or use of our technologies or competitive technologies; regulatory developments, including possible delays in the regulatory approval of our customers’ products which we manufacture; outcomes of significant litigation, disputes and other legal or regulatory proceedings; general stock trends in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry sectors; public concerns as to the safety and effectiveness of the products we manufacture; economic trends and other external factors including, but not limited to, interest rate fluctuations, economic recession, inflation, foreign market trends, national crisis, and disasters; and healthcare reimbursement reform and cost-containment measures implemented by government agencies. 15 These and other external factors have caused and may continue to cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of common stock, and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock, so any returns will be limited to the value of our stock. We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our common stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings, if any, for the development, operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return to stockholders will therefore be limited to the appreciation of their stock. If securities or industry analysts do not publish research reports about us, or if they issue adverse opinions about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline. The research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business will influence the market for our common stock. If one or more analysts who cover us issues an adverse opinion about us, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases research coverage of us or fails to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets which, in turn, could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. Further, if we fail to meet the market expectations of analysts who follow our stock, our stock price likely would decline. We may not be able to pay dividends on the Series E Preferred Stock. Additional Risks Related to the Ownership of our Series E Preferred Stock We are incorporated in Delaware and governed by the Delaware General Corporation Law. Delaware law allows a corporation to pay dividends only out of surplus, as determined under Delaware law, or if there is no surplus, out of net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend was declared and for the preceding fiscal year. Under Delaware law, however, we cannot pay dividends out of net profits if, after we pay the dividend, our capital would be less than the capital represented by the outstanding stock of all classes having a preference upon the distribution of assets. In addition, payment of our dividends depends upon our financial condition and other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations or future borrowings may not be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to make distributions on our Series E Preferred Stock. The market price of the Series E Preferred Stock could be substantially affected by various factors. The market price of the Series E Preferred Stock will depend on many factors, which may change from time to time, including: · · · · · · · · · · · · · prevailing interest rates, increases in which may have an adverse effect on the market price of the Series E Preferred Stock; trading prices of common and preferred equity securities issued by other biopharmaceutical companies; the annual yield from distributions on the Series E Preferred Stock, as compared to yields on other financial instruments; announcements of technological innovations or new commercial products by us or our competitors; publicity regarding actual or potential company-sponsored clinical trial and investigator-sponsored clinical trial results relating to products under development by us or our competitors; announcements of licensing agreements, joint ventures, strategic alliances, and any other transaction that involves the development, sale or use of our technologies; regulatory developments and product safety concerns; general economic and financial market conditions; government action or regulation; significant changes in the financial condition, performance and prospects of us and our competitors; changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts with respect to us, and our competitors in our industry; our issuance of additional preferred equity or debt securities; and actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results of us and our competitors. 16 As a result of these and other factors, holders of our Series E Preferred Stock may experience a decrease, which could be substantial and rapid, in the market price of the Series E Preferred Stock, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS Not applicable. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Our corporate offices and manufacturing facilities are all located in close proximity in Tustin, California. We currently lease an aggregate of approximately 158,000 square feet of office, manufacturing, laboratory and warehouse space in four buildings under three separate lease agreements. We lease approximately 26,000 square feet for our corporate headquarters under a non-cancellable operating lease agreement that began April 2016 and terminates August 2023. The lease contains two separate option periods that could extend the lease term to August 2035. We lease approximately 48,000 square feet of office, manufacturing and laboratory space under a non-cancellable operating lease agreement that began December 1998 and terminates December 2027. The lease contains two separate option periods that could extend the lease term to December 2037. We lease approximately 84,000 square feet of manufacturing and laboratory space under a non-cancellable operating lease agreement that began July 2014 and terminates January 2027. The lease contains two separate option periods that could extend the lease term to January 2037. We believe that the space we lease is adequate to meet our current needs and that, if necessary, additional space would be available to accommodate any future growth. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS In the ordinary course of business, we are at times subject to various legal proceedings and disputes. We make provisions for liabilities when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Such provisions, if any, are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of any settlement negotiations, judicial and administrative rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. We currently are not a party to any legal proceedings, the adverse outcome of which, in management’s opinion, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 17 ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES PART II Market Information Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the trading symbol “CDMO.” Holders of Common Stock As of June 19, 2020, we had 329 stockholders of record of our common stock. This number does not include beneficial owners whose shares are held in street name. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities None. Dividend Policy Common Stock We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends is currently restricted by the terms of the Certificate of Designations of Rights and Preferences (the “Certificate of Designations”) with respect to our 10.50% Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series E Preferred Stock”). Series E Preferred Stock Our Series E Preferred Stock ranks senior to our common stock with respect to dividend rights. Holders of our Series E Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, when and as declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available for the payment of distributions, cumulative preferential cash dividends, payable in cash, at a rate of 10.50% per annum on the stated value of $25.00 per share, or $2.625 per share per annum (in each case, as adjusted for any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, reclassification or any similar transaction). The dividend rate on our Series E Preferred Stock will increase to a penalty rate of 12.50% per annum in the event we: (i) fail to pay dividends for any four consecutive or nonconsecutive quarterly dividend periods; or (ii) fail, for period of 180 consecutive days or more, to maintain the listing or quotation, as applicable, of our Series E Preferred Stock on the New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE MKT LLC, The NASDAQ Global Market, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Capital Market, or any successor to such national securities exchange. Dividends on our Series E Preferred Stock accrue and accumulate on each issued and outstanding share of our Series E Preferred Stock on a daily basis from, and including, the original date of issuance of such share. Dividends on our Series E Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears on or about the first day of each January, April, July, and October, as set forth in the Certificates of Designation. For each of the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019, and 2018, we paid aggregate cash dividends of approximately $4.3 million to the holders of issued and outstanding shares of our Series E Preferred Stock. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers None. 18 Performance Graph Notwithstanding any statement to the contrary in any of our previous or future filings with the SEC, the following information relating to the price performance of our common stock shall not be deemed to be “filed” with the SEC or to be “soliciting material” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and it shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing. The following chart shows the performance from April 30, 2015 through April 30, 2020 of Avid Bioservices, Inc. common stock, compared with an investment in the stocks represented in the NASDAQ ICB: 4577 Pharmaceuticals Index and the NASDAQ U.S. Benchmark TR Index assuming the investment of $100 at the beginning of the period and the reinvestment of dividends, if any. The total return data for the comparative indexes were prepared by NASDAQ OMX Global Indexes. COMPARISON OF FIVE-YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN VALUE OF INVESTMENT OF $100 ON APRIL 30, 2015 The underlying data for the preceding graph is as follows: Avid Bioservices, Inc. NASDAQ ICB: 4577 Pharmaceuticals (subsector) NASDAQ U.S. Benchmark TR Index $ $ $ April 30, 2015 April 30, 2016 April 30, 2017 April 30, 2018 April 30, 2019 April 30, 2020 100.00 $ 27.03 $ 46.99 $ 40.02 $ 52.24 $ 66.52 100.00 $ 100.00 $ 98.65 $ 99.90 $ 106.64 $ 118.66 $ 115.07 $ 134.34 $ 131.35 $ 151.38 $ 145.31 150.21 19 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The selected consolidated financial data set forth below as of April 30, 2020 and 2019, and for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This information should be read in conjunction with those consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto, and with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The selected consolidated financial data set forth below as of April 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2017 and 2016, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements that are contained in Annual Reports previously filed with the SEC, not included herein. 2020 (a) 2019 (b) 2017 2018 (in thousands, except for per share amounts) 2016 Revenues (Loss) income from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax (c) (d) Net loss Net loss attributable to common stockholders (e) Basic and diluted net (loss) income per common share attributable to common stockholders: Continuing operations Discontinued operations Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders Cash and cash equivalents Working capital Total assets Operating lease liabilities, less current portion Other long-term liabilities _________________ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 59,702 (10,466) – (10,466) (15,152) (0.27) – (0.27) 36,262 15,283 107,620 21,244 – $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 53,603 (5,056) 841 (4,215) (8,901) (0.17) 0.01 (0.16) 32,351 28,156 78,395 – 93 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 53,621 $ 57,630 $ 44,357 (20,563) $ 1,393 $ 3,597 (1,250) $ (29,552) $ (59,249) (21,813) $ (28,159) $ (55,652) (26,499) $ (32,799) $ (60,136) (0.53) $ (0.09) $ (0.03) $ (0.79) $ (0.03) (1.92) (0.56) $ (0.88) $ (1.95) 42,265 $ 29,964 $ 95,760 $ – $ – $ 46,799 $ 26,943 $ 118,112 $ – $ – $ 61,412 24,234 109,043 – – (a) On May 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842, Leases, which requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases with a lease term greater than one year (as described in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). We adopted ASC 842 using the modified retrospective method. Accordingly, results for reporting periods beginning after May 1, 2019 are presented in accordance with ASC 842, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards that were in effect prior to May 1, 2019. (b) On May 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method to all contracts not completed as of May 1, 2018 (as described in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). Under the modified retrospective method, results for the reporting periods beginning on or after May 1, 2018 are presented in accordance with ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards that were in effect prior to May 1, 2018. (c) For all periods presented, the operating results of our former research and development segment are reported as income (loss) from discontinued (d) operations, net of tax (as described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax for fiscal years 2019 and 2018 include a gain on sale of research and development assets before tax of $1.0 million and $8.0 million, respectively (as described in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). (e) Net loss attributable to common stockholders represents our net loss plus Series E preferred stock accumulated dividends. 20 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with “Item 6—Selected Financial Data” and our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto set forth in “Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding the anticipated impact of the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic on our business operations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors including, but not limited to, those set forth under “Item 1A—Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report. For discussion related to changes in financial condition and our results of operations for fiscal year 2019 compared to fiscal year 2018, refer to “Part II, Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, which was filed with the SEC on June 27, 2019. Overview We are a dedicated contract development and manufacturing organization (“CDMO”) that provides a comprehensive range of services from process development to Current Good Manufacturing Practices (“CGMP”) clinical and commercial manufacturing, focused on biopharmaceutical drug substances derived from mammalian cell culture. With 27 years of experience producing monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins, our services include CGMP clinical and commercial product manufacturing, bulk packaging, release and stability testing and regulatory submissions support. We also provide a variety of process development services, including upstream and downstream development and optimization, analytical methods development, testing and characterization. All our services are available as either stand-alone or bundled for full development and manufacturing programs. Strategic Objectives The following are our near-term strategic objectives: · · · · Invest in additional manufacturing capacity and resources required for us to achieve our long-term growth strategy and meet the growth-demand of our customers’ programs, moving from development through to commercial manufacturing; Broaden our market awareness through a diversified yet flexible marketing strategy; Continue to expand our customer base and programs with existing customers for both process development and manufacturing service offerings; and Increase our operating profit margin to best in class industry standards. Fiscal Year 2020 Highlights Reported revenues of $59.7 million for fiscal 2020, an increase of 11%, or $6.1 million, from fiscal 2019, representing an all-time high for us. Increased our customer base and expanded the scope of work with multiple existing customers to increase the number of manufacturing batches and/or scale of production, including entering into a new contract manufacturing agreement with one of the world’s leading pharmaceutical companies to provide process transfer and clinical manufacturing services to the support the development of a novel therapeutic candidate. 21 Personnel Added key members to our executive leadership team with the appointments of Timothy Compton as our Chief Commercial Officer and Richard Richieri as our Chief Operations Officer. Mr. Compton is focused on driving the continued growth of our CDMO business, including the ongoing expansion of our commercial and clinical customer base. Mr. Richieri oversees our process development, clinical and commercial manufacturing, technical support and facilities functions, and focuses on streamlining operations, building internal efficiencies and strategic planning for future growth. Appointed Catherine Mackey, Ph.D. to our board of directors as an independent member. Facilities Initiated the pre-engineering, design and permitting work required that will allow us to break ground on a facility expansion when we determine it is appropriate. We expect that such expansion could take 12 to 18 months to complete. While a specific kick-off date has not yet been established for this expansion, we believe that customer demand will require additional capacity in the next 12 to 24 months and we expect to be prepared to accommodate that demand. Advanced the construction stages of the installation of a pharmaceutical-grade water system within our Myford Facility. We expect the installation and validation of the pharmaceutical grade water system to take place in late calendar year 2020. Completed the expansion of our total available process development laboratory space, upgraded the infrastructure and equipment within our existing process development laboratories, and implemented new state-of-the-art technologies and equipment designed to facilitate efficient, high-throughput development of innovative upstream and downstream manufacturing processes. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the global novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) outbreak a pandemic. To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a significant impact on our operations, as we have been able to continue to operate our manufacturing facilities and provide essential services to our customers. Additionally, in an effort to protect the health and safety of our employees and in compliance with state regulations, we have instituted a work-from-home policy for employees who can perform their job functions offsite, implemented social distancing requirements and other measures to allow manufacturing and other personnel essential to production to continue work within our manufacturing facilities, and suspended all non- essential employee travel. The full extent to which COVID-19 will directly or indirectly impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19, the actions taken to contain it or treat its impact and the economic impact on local, regional, national and international markets. We will continue to assess the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. For a further discussion of potential risks to our business from the COVID-19 pandemic, see “Part I, Item 1A—Risk Factors” of this Annual Report. Performance and Financial Measures In assessing the performance of our business, we consider a variety of performance and financial measures. The key indicators of the financial condition and operating performance of our business are revenues, gross profit, selling, general and administrative expenses and operating income. 22 We intend for this discussion to provide the reader with information that will assist in understanding our consolidated financial statements, the changes in certain key items in those consolidated financial statements from period to period and the primary factors that accounted for those changes. Revenues Revenues are derived from services provided under our customer contracts and are disaggregated into manufacturing and process development revenue streams. The manufacturing revenue stream generally represents revenue from the manufacturing of customer products derived from mammalian cell culture covering clinical through commercial manufacturing runs. The process development revenue stream generally represents revenue from services associated with the custom development of a manufacturing process and analytical methods for a customer’s product. Gross Profit Gross profit is equal to revenues less cost of revenues. Cost of revenues reflects the direct cost of labor, overhead and material costs. Direct labor costs include personnel costs within the manufacturing, process and analytical development, quality assurance, quality control, validation, supply chain and facilities functions. Overhead costs include the rent, common area maintenance, utilities, property taxes, security, materials and supplies, software, small equipment and deprecation costs of all manufacturing and laboratory locations. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses are composed of corporate-level expenses, including personnel and support costs of corporate functions such as executive management, finance and accounting, business development, legal, human resources, information technology, project management, and other centralized services. SG&A expenses include corporate legal fees, audit and accounting fees, investor relation expenses, non- employee director fees, corporate facility related expenses, and other expenses relating to our general management, administration, project management, and business development activities. SG&A expenses are generally not directly proportional to revenues, but we expect such expenses to increase over time to support the needs of our growing company. Results of Operations The following table compares the operating results from our continuing operations for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Revenues Cost of revenues Gross profit (loss) Operating expenses: Selling, general and administrative Loss on lease termination Restructuring charges Total operating expenses Operating loss Interest and other income, net Loss from continuing operations before income taxes Income tax benefit Loss from continuing operations, net of tax 2020 Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2019 2018 $ $ $ 59,702 55,770 3,932 14,517 355 – 14,872 (10,940) 474 (10,466) – (10,466) $ 53,603 $ 46,379 7,224 12,846 – – 12,846 (5,622) 282 (5,340) 284 (5,056) $ 53,621 56,545 (2,924) 16,456 – 1,258 17,714 (20,638) 75 (20,563) – (20,563) 23 Fiscal Year 2020 Compared to Fiscal Year 2019 Revenues Revenues were $59.7 million in fiscal 2020, compared to $53.6 million in fiscal 2019, an increase of approximately $6.1 million, or 11%. The increase in revenues can be attributed to a $8.6 million increase in manufacturing revenue primarily due to an increase in the number of manufacturing runs in-process and/or completed in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019, partially offset by a decrease in process development revenue. The increase in revenues was attributed to the following components of our revenue streams: Net increase in manufacturing revenues Net decrease in process development revenues Total increase in revenues $ millions 8.6 (2.5) 6.1 $ $ Additionally, growth in manufacturing revenue during fiscal 2020 was impacted by a production interruption related to a problem with a specific piece of equipment, which resulted in the termination of certain in-process manufacturing runs and the postponement of other manufacturing runs scheduled to commence during fiscal 2020. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we implemented what we believe was the necessary remediation for the specific piece of equipment that resulted in the production interruption. We are currently progressing through the confirmation stage of this remediation during which we are running multiple revenue-generating production campaigns to confirm the successful remediation of the equipment issue. We expect the confirmation stage of this remediation to be completed in the coming months. Gross Profit Gross profit was $3.9 million in fiscal 2020, compared to $7.2 million in fiscal 2019, a decrease of approximately $3.3 million, and gross margins for fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 were 7% and 13%, respectively. The $3.3 million decrease in gross profit for fiscal 2020 was primarily attributed to higher facility and equipment related costs primarily related to the production interruption noted above, planned growth costs associated with payroll and related costs, and increased depreciation expense from the acquisition of new equipment, which were partially offset by an increase in revenues. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses SG&A expenses were $14.5 million in fiscal 2020, compared to $12.8 million in fiscal 2019, an increase of approximately $1.7 million, or 13%. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A expenses for the fiscal years 2020 and 2019 were both 24%. The net increase in SG&A expenses was attributed to the following components: Increase in separation related expenses Increase in payroll and benefit costs Increase in stock-based compensation expense Decrease in accrued bonus expense Net increase in all other SG&A expenses Total increase in SG&A expenses 24 $ millions 0.8 0.6 0.5 (0.5) 0.3 1.7 $ $ Loss on Lease Termination In the second quarter of fiscal 2020, we terminated an operating lease for one of our non-manufacturing facilities that was primarily utilized for warehouse space. The lease termination was primarily driven by our efforts to reduce costs by leveraging available warehouse space in our other facilities, which we expect will save us approximately $1.3 million in the aggregate over a period of four years. In connection with the termination of this lease, we removed the corresponding operating lease right-of-use asset and liability balances from our consolidated balance sheet and recognized a loss of $0.4 million. Additionally, the lease termination released $0.3 million of restricted cash that was pledged as collateral under a letter of credit required by the terminated lease. Operating Loss Operating loss was $10.9 million for fiscal 2020, compared to an operating loss of $5.6 million for fiscal 2019. Of this $5.3 million increase in operating loss for fiscal 2020, approximately $3.3 million was attributable to a decrease in gross profit, combined with an increase in SG&A expenses of approximately $1.7 million and a $0.4 million loss recognized in connection with the termination of the operating lease discussed above. Income Tax Benefit In fiscal 2019, we recognized a $1.0 million gain in discontinued operations, before taxes, for the sale of our r84 technology (as described in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). In accordance with the “Intraperiod Tax Allocation” rules under ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the allocation of an entity’s total annual income tax provision among continuing operations and, in our case, discontinued operations for fiscal 2019, we recorded a tax benefit in continuing operations, with an offsetting tax expense of $0.3 million recorded in discontinued operations. Discontinued Operations As a result of the sale of our PS-targeting and r84 technologies in fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019, respectively (as described in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), the abandonment of our remaining research and development assets, and the strategic shift in our corporate direction to focus solely on our CDMO business, the operating results of our former research and development segment have been excluded from continuing operations and reported as income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. The gains of $1.0 million and $8.0 million that were recorded in connection with the aforementioned sales of our PS-targeting and r84 technologies, respectively, are included in income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There were no operating results from discontinued operations during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. We review our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for our judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may vary from what we anticipate and different assumptions or estimates about the future could change our reported results. While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we believe the following accounting policies to be critical to the assumptions and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. 25 Revenue Recognition On May 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), and its subsequent updates (codified as ASC 606), using the modified retrospective method. Accordingly, results for reporting periods after May 1, 2018 are presented in accordance with ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards that were in effect prior to our adoption of ASC 606. Under ASC 606, we recognize revenue when we transfer promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for contracts with customers we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. Revenue recognized from services provided under our customer contracts are disaggregated into manufacturing and process development revenue streams. Manufacturing revenue Manufacturing revenue generally represents revenue from the manufacturing of customer products recognized over time, utilizing an input method that compares the cost of cumulative work-in-process to date to the most current estimates for the entire cost of the performance obligation. Under a manufacturing contract, a quantity of manufacturing runs is ordered and the product is manufactured according to the customer’s specifications and typically only one performance obligation is included. Each manufacturing run represents a distinct service that is sold separately and has stand-alone value to the customer. The products are manufactured exclusively for a specific customer and have no alternative use. The customer retains control of its product during the entire manufacturing process and can make changes to the process or specifications at its request. Under these agreements, we are entitled to consideration for progress to date that includes an element of profit margin. Process development revenue Process development revenue generally represents revenue from services associated with the custom development of a manufacturing process and analytical methods for a customer’s product. Process development revenue is recognized over time, utilizing an input method that compares the cost of cumulative work-in-process to date to the most current estimates for the entire cost of the performance obligation. Under a process development contract, the customer owns the product details and process, which has no alternative use. These process development projects are customized to each customer to meet its specifications and typically only one performance obligation is included. Each process represents a distinct service that is sold separately and has stand-alone value to the customer. The customer also retains control of its product as the product is being created or enhanced by our services and can make changes to its process or specifications upon request. The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed trade receivables, contract assets (unbilled receivables), and contract liabilities (customer deposits and deferred revenue). Contract assets are recorded when our right to consideration is conditioned on something other than the passage of time. Contract assets are reclassified to accounts receivables on the consolidated balance sheet when our rights become unconditional. Contract liabilities represent customer deposits and deferred revenue billed and/or received in advance of our fulfillment of performance obligations. Contract liabilities convert to revenue as we perform our obligations under the contract. The transaction price for services provided under our customer contracts reflect our best estimates of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled in exchange for providing goods and services to our customers. In determining the transaction price, we considered the different sources of variable consideration including, but not limited to, discounts, credits, refunds, price concessions or other similar items. We have included in the transaction price some or all of an amount of variable consideration, utilizing the most likely method, only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The actual amount of consideration ultimately received may differ. Management may be required to exercise judgement in estimating revenue to be recognized. Judgement is required in identifying performance obligations, estimating the transaction price, estimating the stand-alone selling prices of identified performance obligations, and estimating the progress towards the satisfaction of performance obligations. If actual results in the future vary from our estimates, the estimates will be adjusted, which will affect revenues in the period that such variances become known. We apply the practical expedient available under ASC 606 that permits us not to disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less. As of April 30, 2020, we do not have any unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts greater than one year. 26 Prior to our adoption of ASC 606 on May 1, 2018, revenue was generally recognized when all of the following criteria were met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. Stock-based Compensation We account for stock options, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards granted under our equity compensation plans in accordance with the authoritative guidance for stock-based compensation. The estimated fair value of stock options granted to employees in exchange for services is measured at the grant date, using a fair value based method, such as a Black-Scholes option valuation model, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods, which is generally the vesting period. The fair value of restricted stock units is measured at the grant date based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the period of vesting. Forfeitures are recognized as a reduction of stock-based compensation expense as they occur. As of April 30, 2020, there were no outstanding stock-based awards with market or performance conditions. The use of a valuation model requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions with respect to selected model inputs. The expected volatility is based on the daily historical volatility of our common stock covering the estimated expected term. The expected term of options granted reflects actual historical exercise activity and assumptions regarding future exercise activity of unexercised, outstanding options. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury notes with terms within the contractual life of the option at the time of grant. The expected dividend yield assumption is based on our expectation of future dividend payouts. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and currently do not anticipate paying such cash dividends. Liquidity and Capital Resources Our principal sources of liquidity are our existing cash and cash equivalents. As of April 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $36.3 million. Excluding the cash loan proceeds of $4.4 million received in April 2020 under a promissory note pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) established pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020 (the “CARES Act”) administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”), which proceeds were subsequently repaid in full to the lender in May 2020 (as described in Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), we would have had cash and equivalents of $31.9 million as of April 30, 2020. Our ability to fund our operations is dependent on the amount of cash on hand and our ability to generate positive cash flow to sustain our current operations. We currently anticipate that our cash and cash equivalents as of April 30, 2020, excluding the aforementioned $4.4 million in loan proceeds that were returned to the lender thereof in May 2020, combined with our projected cash receipts from services to be rendered under our existing customer contracts, will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of this Annual Report. In the event we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow to support our current operations, we may need to raise additional capital in the equity markets in order to fund our future operations. We may raise funds through the issuance of debt or through the public offering of securities. There can be no assurance that these financings will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Our ability to raise additional capital in the equity and debt markets is dependent on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the market demand for our common stock. The market demand or liquidity of our common stock is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to, our financial results and economic and market conditions. Further, global financial crises and economic downturns, including those caused by widespread public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may cause extreme volatility and disruptions in capital and credit markets, and may impact our ability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to fund our continuing operations through these sources, we may need to restructure, or cease, our operations. In addition, even if we are able to raise additional capital, it may not be at a price or on terms that are favorable to us. Any of these actions could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and future prospects. 27 The following table presents our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (1) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities ___________ 2020 Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2019 2018 $ $ 36,612 5,827 (3,812) 1,096 33,501 $ (11,595) 4,544 (2,863) 43,415 (25,992) (793) 22,251 (1) As of April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash included $0.4 million, $1.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, that was restricted from general use, related to cash that was pledged as collateral under letters of credit under the terms of certain facility lease agreements. Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities During fiscal 2020, net cash provided by operating activities increased by $17.4 million to $5.8 million from $11.6 million of net cash used in operating activities during fiscal 2019. Net cash provided by operating activities during fiscal 2020 was a result of an $10.5 million net loss, as increased to account for non-cash adjustments to net loss of $5.6 million primarily related to depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation, and cash flows from the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $10.7 million. Net cash used in operating activities during fiscal 2019 was a result of a $4.2 million net loss and a $1.0 million gain on the sale of certain research and development assets, offset by other non-cash adjustments to net loss of $4.5 million primarily related to depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation, a $4.6 million net change in the assets and liabilities of discontinued operations, and a net change of certain other operating assets and liabilities of $6.3 million. Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities During fiscal 2020, net cash used in investing activities increased by $8.4 million to $3.8 million from $4.5 million of net cash provided by investing activities during fiscal 2019. Net cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2020 consisted of $3.8 million used to acquire property and equipment primarily related to our manufacturing and development operations. Net cash provided by investing activities during fiscal 2019 consisted primarily of proceeds of $6.0 million related to the sale of certain research and development assets associated with our discontinued research and development segment, offset by cash used to acquire property and equipment of $1.5 million. Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities During fiscal 2020, net cash provided by financing activities increased by $4.0 million to $1.1 million from $2.9 million of net cash used in financing activities during fiscal 2019. 28 Net cash provided by financing activities during fiscal 2020 consisted primarily of $4.4 million of loan proceeds received in April 2020 from the PPP (which loan was subsequently repaid in full in May 2020, as described in Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), $0.9 million attributable from the exercise of stock options, and $0.2 million attributable from the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan, offset by $4.3 million of cash used to pay preferred dividends to holders of our Series E Preferred Stock. Net cash used in financing activities during fiscal 2019 consisted primarily of cash used to pay preferred dividends to holders of our Series E Preferred Stock of $4.3 million, partially offset by proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $1.3 million and proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan of $0.3 million. Capital Expenditures Our capital expenditures were $3.8 million during fiscal 2020, which included laboratory and manufacturing equipment, software and enhancements, and enhancements to our laboratory and manufacturing facilities. Contractual Obligations The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of April 30, 2020 (in thousands): Operating leases (1) Finance lease (2) Note payable (3) Total contractual obligations ______________ Payments Due by Period Total Less than 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years $ $ 34,001 103 4,379 38,483 $ $ 2,972 103 4,379 7,454 $ $ 6,005 $ – – 6,005 $ 6,257 $ – – 6,257 $ 18,767 – – 18,767 (1) Primarily represents future minimum lease payments under our facility operating lease agreements as further described in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. (2) Represents our obligations under a capital lease agreement to finance certain software. (3) Represents our obligations under a promissory note entered into in April 2020, evidencing an unsecured loan of $4.4 million (the “PPP Loan”) from the PPP pursuant to the CARES Act. As further described in Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we elected to repay the PPP Loan in full in May 2020. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. As of April 30, 2020, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303 of Regulation S-K, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors. 29 Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements applicable to us, please see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Our cash and cash equivalents are primarily invested in money market funds with one major commercial bank with the primary objective to preserve our principal balance. Our deposits held with this bank exceed the amount of government insurance limits provided on our deposits and, therefore, we are exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the major commercial bank holding our cash balances. However, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, bear minimal risk. In addition, while changes in U.S. interest rates would affect the interest earned on our cash balances at April 30, 2020, such changes would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations, based on historical movements in interest rates. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 30, 2020 and 2019 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2020 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2020 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2020 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Page 31 32 33 34 35 36 30 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Avid Bioservices, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Avid Bioservices, Inc. (the Company) as of April 30, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at April 30, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated June 30, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method for recognizing revenue as a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), and the amendments in ASUs 2015-14, 2016-08, 2016-10 and 2016-02 effective May 1, 2018. Adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method for accounting for leases effective May 1, 2019 due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and the related amendments. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1999. Irvine, California June 30, 2020 31 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except par value) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Contract assets Inventory Prepaid expenses Total current assets Property and equipment, net Operating lease right-of-use assets Restricted cash Other assets Total assets LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued payroll and related costs Note payable Contract liabilities Operating lease liabilities Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Operating lease liabilities, less current portion Deferred rent, less current portion Other long-term liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; 1,648 shares issued and outstanding at respective dates Common stock, $0.001 par value; 150,000 shares authorized; 56,483 and 56,135 shares issued and outstanding at respective dates Additional paid-in capital Accumulated deficit Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity April 30, 2020 2019 36,262 $ 8,606 3,300 10,883 712 59,763 27,105 20,100 350 302 107,620 $ 5,926 $ 3,019 4,379 29,120 1,228 808 44,480 21,244 – – 65,724 32,351 7,374 4,327 6,557 709 51,318 25,625 – 1,150 302 78,395 4,352 3,540 – 14,651 – 619 23,162 – 2,072 93 25,327 2 56 612,909 (571,071) 41,896 107,620 $ 2 56 613,615 (560,605) 53,068 78,395 $ $ $ $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 32 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (in thousands, except per share information) Revenues Cost of revenues Gross profit (loss) Operating expenses: Selling, general and administrative Loss on lease termination Restructuring charges Total operating expenses Operating loss Interest and other income, net Loss from continuing operations before income taxes Income tax benefit Loss from continuing operations, net of tax Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax Net loss Comprehensive loss Series E preferred stock accumulated dividends Net loss attributable to common stockholders Basic and diluted net (loss) income per common share attributable to common stockholders: Continuing operations Discontinued operations Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders 2020 Year Ended April 30, 2019 2018 $ 59,702 55,770 3,932 14,517 355 – 14,872 (10,940) 474 (10,466) – (10,466) – (10,466) (10,466) $ $ $ 53,603 $ 46,379 7,224 12,846 – – 12,846 (5,622) 282 (5,340) $ 284 (5,056) 841 (4,215) $ 53,621 56,545 (2,924) 16,456 – 1,258 17,714 (20,638) 75 (20,563) – (20,563) (1,250) (21,813) (4,215) $ (21,813) (4,686) (4,686) (4,686) (15,152) $ (8,901) $ (26,499) (0.27) – (0.27) $ $ $ (0.17) $ 0.01 $ (0.16) $ (0.53) (0.03) (0.56) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding 56,326 55,981 47,063 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 33 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (in thousands, except per share information) Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-In Accumulated Total Stockholders' Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Deficit Equity 44,014 $ 44 $ 590,971 $ (537,435) $ Balances at April 30, 2017 Series E preferred stock dividends paid ($2.625 per share) Cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit pursuant to adoption of ASU 2016-09 Common stock issued, net of issuance costs of $111 Common stock issued, net of issuance costs of $1,669 Common stock issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan Fractional shares issued pursuant to reverse stock split Exercise of stock options Stock-based compensation expense Net loss Balances at April 30, 2018 Series E preferred stock dividends paid ($2.625 per share) Cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit pursuant to adoption of ASC 606 Common stock issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan Exercise of stock options Stock-based compensation expense Net loss Balances at April 30, 2019 Series E preferred stock dividends paid ($2.625 per share) Common stock issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan Exercise of stock options Vesting of restricted stock units Stock-based compensation expense Net loss Balances at April 30, 2020 1,648 $ – – – – – – – – – 1,648 – – – – – – 1,648 – – – – – – 1,648 $ 2 – – – – – – – – – 2 – – – – – – 2 – – – – – – 2 – – 1,051 10,295 88 19 222 – – 55,689 – – 75 371 – – 56,135 – 48 251 49 – – 56,483 $ – – 1 10 – – – – – 55 – – – 1 – – 56 – – – – – – 56 (4,325) (119) 4,192 21,484 317 – 752 1,538 – 614,810 (4,325) – 258 1,277 1,595 – 613,615 (4,325) – 119 – – – – – (21,813) (559,129) – 2,739 – – – (4,215) (560,605) – – – – – 187 933 – 2,499 – 612,909 $ (10,466) (571,071) $ $ 53,582 (4,325) – 4,193 21,494 317 – 752 1,538 (21,813) 55,738 (4,325) 2,739 258 1,278 1,595 (4,215) 53,068 (4,325) 187 933 – 2,499 (10,466) 41,896 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 34 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net loss Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating 2020 Year Ended April 30, 2019 2018 $ (10,466) $ (4,215) $ (21,813) activities: Depreciation and amortization Stock-based compensation Loss on disposal of assets Gain on sale of research and development assets Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable Contract assets Inventory Prepaid expenses and other assets Accounts payable Accrued payroll and related costs Contract liabilities Other accrued expenses and other liabilities Assets and liabilities of discontinued operations Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Purchase of property and equipment Proceeds from sale of property and equipment Proceeds from sale of research and development assets Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs Proceeds from exercise of stock options Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan Proceeds from note payable Dividends paid on preferred stock Principal payments on finance lease Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: Interest paid Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities: Decapitalization of right-of-use assets upon lease termination and/or modification Unpaid purchases of property and equipment Property and equipment acquired under finance lease Receivable related to the sale of research and development assets $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 3,091 2,499 13 – (1,232) 1,027 (4,326) (3) 802 (521) 14,469 474 – 5,827 (3,812) – – (3,812) – 933 187 4,379 (4,325) (78) 1,096 2,746 1,595 127 (1,000) (3,620) (1,439) 1,701 (28) 2,125 976 (5,371) (642) (4,550) (11,595) (1,502) 46 6,000 4,544 – 1,278 258 – (4,325) (74) (2,863) 3,111 33,501 36,612 $ $ (9,914) $ 43,415 33,501 $ 2,562 1,538 1,692 (8,000) 3,988 – 16,970 153 (1,271) (2,491) (17,582) 1,009 (2,747) (25,992) (3,793) – 3,000 (793) 25,687 752 317 – (4,325) (180) 22,251 (4,534) 47,949 43,415 8 $ 11 $ 4 1,469 772 – – $ $ $ $ – $ 318 $ 245 $ – $ – 180 – 5,000 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 35 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 1 – Description of Company and Basis of Presentation We are a dedicated contract development and manufacturing organization (“CDMO”) that provides a comprehensive range of services from process development to Current Good Manufacturing Practices (“CGMP”) clinical and commercial manufacturing, focused on biopharmaceutical drug substances derived from mammalian cell culture for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Effective January 5, 2018, we changed our name to Avid Bioservices, Inc. from Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in connection with our transition to a dedicated CDMO and the discontinuation of our research and development activities. For the fiscal 2019 and 2018 periods presented, the operating results of our former research and development segment have been excluded from continuing operations and reported as income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. For additional information on the discontinuation of our research and development segment, refer to Note 11, Sale of Research and Development Assets. Except where specifically noted or the context otherwise requires, references to “Avid,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” in this Annual Report refer to Avid Bioservices, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Basis of Presentation and Preparation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of Avid Bioservices, Inc. and our subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions among the consolidated entities have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management’s estimates are based on historical information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Accounting estimates and judgements are inherently uncertain and actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Segment Reporting Our business operates in one operating segment. Accordingly, we reported our financial results for one reportable segment. All of our identifiable assets are in the United States. Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all short-term investments readily convertible to cash, without notice or penalty, with an initial maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. Restricted Cash Under the terms of three separate operating leases related to our facilities (Note 4), we pledged, as collateral, letters of credit. During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020, an aggregate amount of $0.8 million of restricted cash that was pledged as collateral under two such letters of credit was released back to us. Accordingly, at April 30, 2020 and 2019, restricted cash of $0.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively, was pledged as collateral under letters of credit. 36 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Revenue Recognition 2020 As of April 30, 2019 $ $ 36,262 350 36,612 $ $ 32,351 $ 1,150 33,501 $ 2018 42,265 1,150 43,415 On May 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), and its subsequent updates (codified as “ASC 606”), to all contracts that had not been completed as of May 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. Accordingly, results for reporting periods after May 1, 2018 are presented in accordance with ASC 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards that were in effect prior to our adoption of ASC 606. The cumulative effect of adopting ASC 606 resulted in a one-time adjustment of $2.7 million to the opening balance of accumulated deficit as of May 1, 2018 which is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019. Under ASC 606, we recognize revenue when we transfer promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for contracts with customers, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. Revenue recognized from services provided under our customer contracts are disaggregated into manufacturing and process development revenue streams. Manufacturing revenue Manufacturing revenue generally represents revenue from the manufacturing of customer products recognized over time, utilizing an input method that compares the cost of cumulative work-in-process to date to the most current estimates for the entire cost of the performance obligation. Under a manufacturing contract, a quantity of manufacturing runs is ordered and the product is manufactured according to the customer’s specifications and typically only one performance obligation is included. Each manufacturing run represents a distinct service that is sold separately and has stand-alone value to the customer. The products are manufactured exclusively for a specific customer and have no alternative use. The customer retains control of its product during the entire manufacturing process and can make changes to the process or specifications at its request. Under these agreements, we are entitled to consideration for progress to date that includes an element of profit margin. 37 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Process development revenue Process development revenue generally represents revenue from services associated with the custom development of a manufacturing process and analytical methods for a customer’s product. Process development revenue is recognized over time, utilizing an input method that compares the cost of cumulative work-in-process to date to the most current estimates for the entire cost of the performance obligation. Under a process development contract, the customer owns the product details and process, which has no alternative use. These process development projects are customized to each customer to meet its specifications and typically only one performance obligation is included. Each process represents a distinct service that is sold separately and has stand-alone value to the customer. The customer also retains control of its product as the product is being created or enhanced by our services and can make changes to its process or specifications upon request. Under these agreements, we are entitled to consideration for progress to date that includes an element of profit margin. The following table summarizes our manufacturing and process development revenue for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands). Revenue for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018 has not been adjusted in accordance with our modified retrospective adoption of ASC 606 and continues to be reported under the accounting standards that were in effect prior to our adoption of ASC 606: Manufacturing revenues Process development revenues Total Revenues 2020 Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2019 2018 $ $ 52,046 7,656 59,702 $ $ 43,432 $ 10,171 53,603 $ 47,437 6,184 53,621 The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, contract assets (unbilled receivables), and contract liabilities (customer deposits and deferred revenue). Contract assets are recorded when our right to consideration is conditioned on something other than the passage of time. Contract assets are reclassified to accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheet when our rights become unconditional. Contract liabilities represent customer deposits and deferred revenue billed and/or received in advance of our fulfillment of performance obligations. Contract liabilities convert to revenue as we perform our obligations under the contract. During the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized revenue of $13.6 million and $14.3 million, respectively, for which the contract liability was recorded in a prior period. The transaction price for services provided under our customer contracts reflect our best estimates of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled in exchange for providing goods and services to our customers. In determining the transaction price, we considered the different sources of variable consideration including, but not limited to, discounts, credits, refunds, price concessions or other similar items. We have included in the transaction price some or all of an amount of variable consideration, utilizing the most likely method, only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The actual amount of consideration ultimately received may differ. Management may be required to exercise judgement in estimating revenue to be recognized. Judgement is required in identifying performance obligations, estimating the transaction price, estimating the stand-alone selling prices of identified performance obligations, and estimating the progress towards the satisfaction of performance obligations. If actual results in the future vary from our estimates, the estimates will be adjusted, which will affect revenues in the period that such variances become known. We apply the practical expedient available under ASC 606 that permits us not to disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less. As of April 30, 2020, we do not have any unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts greater than one year. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606 on May 1, 2018, revenue was generally recognized when all of the following criteria were met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. 38 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable generally represent amounts billed for contract manufacturing and process development services provided under our customer contracts and are recorded at the invoiced amount net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, if necessary. We apply judgment in assessing the ultimate realization of our receivables and we estimate an allowance for doubtful accounts based on various factors, such as the aging of our receivables, historical experience, and the financial condition of our customers. Based on our analysis of our accounts receivable balances as of April 30, 2020 and 2019, we determined no allowance for doubtful accounts was necessary. Concentrations of Credit Risk and Customer Base Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a significant concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and contract assets. We maintain our cash balances primarily with one major commercial bank and our deposits held with the bank exceed the amount of government insurance limits provided on our deposits. We are exposed to credit risk in the event of default by the major commercial bank holding our cash balances to the extent of the cash amounts recorded on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets exceed the amount of government insurance limits provided on our deposits. Our accounts receivable from amounts billed for contract manufacturing and process development services are derived from a small customer base. Most contracts require up-front payments and installment payments during the service period. We perform periodic evaluations of the financial condition of our customers and generally do not require collateral, but we can terminate any contract if a material default occurs. At April 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately 98% and 95%, respectively, of our accounts receivable were due from six customers. Our contract assets are reclassified to accounts receivable when our rights to consideration become unconditional. At April 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately 96% and 87% of our contract assets were attributable to six customers and eight customers, respectively. Our revenues are derived from a small customer base. Historically, these customers have not entered into long-term contracts because their need for drug supply depends on a variety of factors, including a product’s stage of development, the timing of regulatory filings and approvals, the product needs of their collaborators, if applicable, their financial resources and the market demand with respect to a commercial product. The table below identifies each of our customers that accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues during any of the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018: Customer Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc. Gilead Sciences, Inc. Acumen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. IGM Biosciences, Inc. Coherus BioSciences, Inc. ADC Therapeutics America Inc. ______________ Geographc Location U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S. 2020 28% 24 11 11 10 * 2019 30% – * * 13 21 2018 55% – – – 22 * * Represents a percentage less than 10% of our total revenues. 39 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS We attribute revenue to the individual countries where the customer is headquartered. Revenues derived from U.S. based customers were 99%, 95% and 99% for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Inventory Inventory consists of raw materials inventory and is valued at the lower of cost, determined by the first-in, first-out method, or net realizable value. We periodically review raw materials inventory for potential impairment and adjust inventory to its net realizable value based on the estimate of future use and reduce the carrying value of inventory as deemed necessary. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight- line method over the estimated useful lives of the related asset, which are generally as follows: Description Leasehold improvements Laboratory and manufacturing equipment Furniture, fixtures and office equipment Computer equipment and software Estimated Useful Life Shorter of estimated useful life or lease term 5 – 10 years 5 – 10 years 3 – 5 years Construction-in-progress, which represents direct costs related to the construction of various equipment and leasehold improvements primarily associated with our manufacturing facilities, is not depreciated until the asset is completed and placed into service. No interest was incurred or capitalized as construction-in-progress as of April 30, 2020 and 2019. All of our property and equipment are located in the U.S. Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands): Leasehold improvements Laboratory and manufacturing equipment Computer equipment and software Furniture, fixtures and office equipment Construction-in-progress Total property and equipment, gross Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization Total property and equipment, net April 30, 2020 2019 21,130 $ 15,033 5,334 685 2,564 44,746 (17,641) 27,105 $ 20,574 12,858 4,644 528 1,590 40,194 (14,569) 25,625 $ $ Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $3.1 million, $2.7 million and $2.6 million, respectively. 40 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Impairment Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with authoritative guidance for impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for events or changes in circumstances that indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell if impairment indicators exist. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, there were no indicators of impairment of the value of our long-lived assets and no cumulative impairment losses recognized as of April 30, 2020. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and note payable approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into the following hierarchy: · · · Level 1 – Observable inputs, such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as assets or liabilities whose values are based on quoted market prices in markets where trading occurs infrequently or whose values are based on quoted prices of instruments with similar attributes in active markets. Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and significant to the overall fair value measurement of the assets or liabilities; therefore requiring the company to develop its own valuation techniques and assumptions. As of April 30, 2020 and 2019, we do not have any Level 2 or Level 3 financial assets or liabilities and our cash equivalents, which are primarily invested in money market funds with one major commercial bank, are carried at fair value based on quoted market prices for identical securities (Level 1 inputs). In addition, there were no transfers between any Levels of the fair value hierarchy during the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020 and 2019. Restructuring Charges Restructuring charges consist of one-time termination benefits, including severance and other employee-related costs related to a workforce reduction pursuant to a restructuring plan we implemented and completed during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018 (Note 10). One-time termination benefits were expensed at the date we notified the employee, unless the employee was required to provide future service, in which case the benefits were expensed ratably over the future service period. 41 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Stock-Based Compensation We account for stock options, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards granted under our equity compensation plans in accordance with the authoritative guidance for stock-based compensation. The estimated fair value of stock options granted to employees in exchange for services is measured at the grant date, using a fair value based method, such as a Black-Scholes option valuation model, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods. The fair value of restricted stock units is measured at the grant date based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the period of vesting. Forfeitures are recognized as a reduction of stock-based compensation expense as they occur. As of April 30, 2020 and 2019, there were no outstanding stock-based awards with market or performance conditions. Income Taxes We utilize the liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740: Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Under the liability method, deferred taxes are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided for the amount of deferred tax assets that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized (Note 7). In addition, we recognize the impact of an uncertain tax position only when it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. We are required to file federal and state income tax returns in various jurisdictions. The preparation of these returns requires us to interpret the applicable tax laws in effect in such jurisdictions, which could affect the amount paid by us. The income tax benefit recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the year ended April 30, 2019 resulted from the “Intraperiod Tax Allocation” rules under ASC 740, which requires the allocation of an entity’s total annual income tax provision among continuing operations and, in our case, discontinued operations. Accordingly, a tax benefit was recorded in continuing operations with an offsetting tax expense recorded in discontinued operations (Note 11). Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss is the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Comprehensive loss is equal to our net loss for all periods presented. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-02 and its related amendments which introduced Leases (Topic 842) (“ASC 842”), a new comprehensive lease accounting model that superseded the lease guidance under Leases (Topic 840). The new accounting standard requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities for all leases with lease terms of greater than 12 months. It also changed the definition of a lease and expanded the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. In July 2018, the FASB added a transition option for implementation that allowed companies to continue to use the legacy guidance in ASC 840, Leases, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. 42 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS On May 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842 using the modified retrospective approach. Accordingly, prior period financial information and disclosures have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting under the previous lease standard. In addition, we elected the package of practical expedients available for existing contracts, which allowed us to carry forward our historical assessments of lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs. As a result of adopting ASC 842, we recognized right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of $23.3 million and $25.5 million, respectively, on May 1, 2019, which are primarily related to our facility operating leases (Note 4). The difference between the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities is primarily attributed to the elimination of deferred rent. There was no adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit as a result of the adoption of ASC 842. We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. Our operating leases with a term greater than one year are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities, less current portion in our Consolidated Balance Sheet at April 30, 2020. Right- of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In determining the net present value of lease payments, we use our incremental borrowing rate which represents an estimated rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow equivalent funds on a collateralized basis at the lease commencement date. Our operating leases may include options to extend the lease which are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise a renewal option. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. We elected the post-transition practical expedient to not separate lease components from non-lease components for all existing leases. We also elected a policy to not apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 for short-term leases. Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). The standard changes the methodology for measuring credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. As a smaller reporting company, ASU 2016-13 and its subsequent updates are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, which will be our fiscal year 2024 beginning May 1, 2023; however, early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”), which eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements of fair value measurements. Entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, but public companies will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019, which will be our fiscal year 2021 beginning May 1, 2020. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions and improving consistent application in certain areas of Topic 740. ASU 2019- 12 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2020, which will be our fiscal year 2022 beginning May 1, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the timing and impact of adopting ASU 2019-12 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 43 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 3 – Note Payable On April 17, 2020, we entered into a promissory note (the “Note”) with City National Bank, the lender, evidencing an unsecured loan pursuant to the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020 (the “CARES Act”) of approximately $4.4 million (the “PPP Loan”). We applied for and received the PPP Loan pursuant to the then published PPP qualification and certification requirements. On April 23, 2020, the SBA, in consultation with the Department of Treasury, issued new guidance that created uncertainty regarding the qualification requirements for a PPP Loan (the “New Guidance”). In light of the New Guidance, we determined it appropriate to pay off the entire amount of the PPP Loan. Accordingly, on May 12, 2020, we paid off in full the principal and interest on the PPP Loan, resulting in the termination of the Note. The PPP Loan was scheduled to mature on April 21, 2022 and had a fixed interest rate of 1.00% per annum. Note 4 – Leases Operating Leases We currently lease office, manufacturing, laboratory and warehouse space in four buildings under three separate non-cancellable operating lease agreements. All of our leased facilities are located in close proximity in Tustin, California, have original lease terms ranging from 7 to 12 years, contain two multi-year renewal options, and scheduled rent increases of 3% on either an annual or biennial basis. With respect to multi-year renewal options, a multi-year renewal option was included in determining the right-of-use asset and lease liability for two of our leases, as we considered it reasonably certain that we would exercise such renewal options. In addition, two of our leases provide for periods of free rent, lessor improvements and tenant improvement allowances, of which certain of these improvements have been classified as leasehold improvements and are being amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvements or the remaining life of the lease. The operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020 primarily relate to these facility leases. In September 2019, we terminated an operating lease for one of our non-manufacturing facilities that was primarily utilized for warehouse space. In connection with the termination of this lease, we removed the corresponding operating lease right-of-use asset and liability balances from our Consolidated Balance Sheet and recognized a loss of $0.4 million, which is included in loss on lease termination in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020. Additionally, the lease termination released $0.3 million of restricted cash that was pledged as collateral under a letter of credit required by the terminated lease. Lease Costs Certain of our facility leases require us to pay property taxes, insurance and common area maintenance. While these payments are not included as part of our lease liabilities, they are recognized as variable lease cost in the period they are incurred. 44 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The components of lease cost for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020, were as follows (in thousands): Operating lease cost Variable lease cost Short-term lease cost Total lease cost April 30, 2020 3,339 603 171 4,113 $ $ Operating lease expense under the prior lease standard was $2.9 million for each of the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018. Supplemental Information Supplemental consolidated balance sheet and other information related to our operating leases as of April 30, 2020 were as follows (in thousands, expect weighted average data): Assets Operating lease right-of-use assets Liabilities Operating lease liabilities Operating lease liabilities, less current portion Total operating lease liabilities Weighted average remaining lease term Weighted average discount rate April 30, 2020 $ $ $ 20,100 1,228 21,244 22,472 10.5 years 8.0% Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020 was $3.1 million and is included in net cash used in operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. 45 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Undiscounted Cash Flows As of April 30, 2020, the maturities of our operating lease liabilities, which includes those derived from lease renewal options that we considered it reasonably certain that we would exercise, were as follows (in thousands): Fiscal Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter Total lease payments Less: imputed interest Total operating lease liabilities Note 5 – Stockholders’ Equity Total $ $ 2,972 2,995 3,010 3,086 3,171 18,767 34,001 (11,529) 22,472 Termination of Rights Agreement (Series D Preferred Stock) On March 16, 2006, we entered into a Rights Agreement with Rights Agent named therein, which agreement was subsequently amended and restated on March 16, 2016 (as amended, the “Rights Agreement”). The Rights Agreement was designed to strengthen the ability of our Board of Directors to protect the interests of our stockholders against potential abusive or coercive takeover tactics and to enable all stockholders to receive the full and fair value of their investment in the event that an unsolicited attempt is made to acquire us. Under the Rights Agreement, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (the “Right”) for each share of our common stock held by our stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 27, 2006, each of which Right entitled the holder thereof to purchase a fraction of a share of our Series D Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, at the price specified in the Rights Agreement. The Rights were only exercisable if a person or group acquired 15% or more of our outstanding common stock or announced a tender offer or exchange offer which, if consummated, would have resulted in ownership by a person or group of 15% or more of our outstanding stock. 46 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS On September 23, 2019, the Rights Agreement was further amended to accelerate the scheduled expiration date of the Rights Agreement from the close of business on March 16, 2021 to the close of business on September 23, 2019, and effectively terminate the Rights Agreement and the Rights granted thereunder as of such expiration date. Our Board of Directors elected to terminate the Rights Agreement and the Rights granted thereunder based on their recent evaluation of the effectiveness of, and the need for, a stockholder rights plan and consideration of current corporate governance practices and proxy advisory guidelines. In connection with the termination of the Rights Agreement, we filed a Notification of Removal from Listing and/or Registration under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act on Form 25 with the SEC on September 23, 2019, in order to withdraw the Rights from registration under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which deregistration was effective 90 days after the filing date. Series E Preferred Stock On February 12, 2014, we filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Designations of Rights and Preferences (the “Certificate of Designations”) to designate the 10.50% Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series E Preferred Stock”). The Certificate of Designations designated 2,000,000 shares of Series E Preferred Stock out of our 5,000,000 shares of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock. The Series E Preferred Stock is classified as permanent equity in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. As of April 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 1,647,760 shares of our Series E Preferred Stock issued and outstanding. Each share of issued and outstanding Series E Preferred Stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into a number of shares of our common stock determined by dividing the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share Series E Preferred Stock by the then-current conversion price per share, currently $21.00 per share, rounded down to the nearest whole number. As of April 30, 2020, if all of our issued and outstanding shares of Series E Preferred Stock were converted at the conversion price of $21.00 per share, the holders of our Series E Preferred Stock would receive an aggregate of 1,961,619 shares of our common stock. However, because the conversion price of our Series E Preferred Stock is subject to adjustment from time to time in accordance with the applicable provisions of our certificate of incorporation, we have reserved the maximum number of shares of our common stock that could be issued upon the conversion of our Series E Preferred Stock upon a change of control event, assuming our shares of common stock are acquired for consideration of $5.985 per share or less. In this scenario, each outstanding share of our Series E Preferred Stock would be converted into 4.14 shares of our common stock, or 6,826,435 shares in the aggregate. The Series E Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date or mandatory redemption and is senior to all of our other securities. We may redeem the Series E Preferred Stock for cash, in whole or in part, by paying the redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends to the redemption date. Holders of the Series E Preferred Stock have no voting rights, except as defined in the Certificate of Designations. Holders of our Series E Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at the rate of 10.50% per annum based on the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, or $2.625 per annum per share, and are payable quarterly in cash, on or about the first day of each January, April, July, and October. For each of the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019, and 2018, we paid aggregate cash dividends of $4.3 million for issued and outstanding shares of our Series E Preferred Stock. 47 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Sale of Common Stock During the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, we had no offerings of our common stock. During February 2018, we completed an underwriting public offering pursuant to which we sold 10,294,445 shares of our common stock at the public offering price of $2.25 per share. The aggregate gross proceeds we received from the public offering was $23.2 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering related expenses of $1.7 million. During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018, we sold an aggregate of 1,051,259 shares of our common stock pursuant to an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (“AMI Sales Agreement”) for aggregate gross proceeds of $4.3 million. We paid a commission equal to 2.5% of the gross proceeds from the sale of our common stock pursuant to the AMI Sales Agreement, or $0.1 million. As of April 30, 2018, we had raised the full amount of gross proceeds available to us under the AMI Sales Agreement. Warrants As of April 30, 2020 and 2019, we had no warrants issued and outstanding. Shares of Common Stock Authorized and Reserved for Future Issuance As of April 30, 2020, 56,483,065 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding. Our common stock outstanding as of April 30, 2020 excluded the following shares of common stock reserved for future issuance (in thousands): Stock Incentive Plans Employee Stock Purchase Plan Conversion of our outstanding Series E Preferred Stock Total common stock reserved for future issuance Note 6 – Benefit Plans Stock Incentive Plans Shares 6,941 1,149 6,826 14,916 The Avid Bioservices, Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) is a stockholder-approved plan, which provides, among other things, the ability for us to grant stock options, restricted stock units and other forms of stock-based awards. The 2018 Plan replaced our 2009, 2010 and 2011 Stock Incentive Plans (the “Prior Plans”). However, any awards outstanding under the Prior Plans as of the 2018 Plan’s effective date will remain subject to and be paid under the applicable Prior Plan, and any shares subject to outstanding awards under the Prior Plans that subsequently expire, terminate, or are surrendered or forfeited for any reason without issuance of shares will automatically become available for issuance under the 2018 Plan. 48 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In addition, we currently maintain three expired stock incentive plans referred to as the 2005, 2003 and 2002 Stock Incentive Plans (collectively, the “Expired Plans”). No future grants of stock-based awards can be issued from the Expired Plans, however, all outstanding awards granted under the Expired Plans will remain subject to the terms of the Expired Plans until they are exercised, canceled or expired. The 2018 Plan, the Prior Plans, and the Expired Plans are collectively referred to as the “Stock Plans”. As of April 30, 2020, we had an aggregate of 6,941,049 shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the Stock Plans, of which 3,203,034 shares were subject to outstanding stock options and restricted stock units and 3,738,015 shares were available for future grants of stock-based awards. Stock Options Stock options granted under our Stock Plans are granted at an exercise price not less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Stock option grants to employees generally vest 25% on each of the first, second, third and fourth anniversaries of the date of grant, and stock option grants to non-employee directors generally vest over a period of one to three years from the date of grant. Stock options generally have a contractual term of seven years; however, the maximum contractual term of any stock option granted under the Stock Plans is ten years. The estimated fair value of stock options are measured at the grant date, using a fair value based method, such as a Black-Scholes option valuation model, and is amortized as stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting period. The use of a valuation model requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions with respect to selected model inputs. The expected volatility is based on the daily historical volatility of our common stock covering the estimated expected term. The expected term of options granted reflects actual historical exercise activity and assumptions regarding future exercise activity of unexercised, outstanding options. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury notes with terms within the contractual life of the option at the time of grant. The expected dividend yield assumption is based on our expectation of future dividend payouts. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and currently do not anticipate paying such cash dividends. The fair value of stock options on the date of grant and the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the stock options using the Black-Scholes option valuation model for fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, were as follows: Risk-free interest rate Expected life (in years) Expected volatility Expected dividend yield 2020 1.86% 5.06 77.45% – Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2019 2.81% 5.57 76.56% – 2018 2.21% 6.19 110.43% – 49 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The following summarizes our stock option transaction activity for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020: Outstanding at May 1, 2019 Granted Exercised Canceled or expired Outstanding at April 30, 2020 Vested and expected to vest Exercisable at April 30, 2020 ______________ Grant Date Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) (in thousands) Stock Options (in thousands) 3,274 887 (251) (1,014) 2,896 2,896 1,530 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 7.51 5.91 3.73 10.79 6.20 6.20 6.77 5.76 $ 5.76 $ 4.89 $ 2,457 2,457 1,566 (1) Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the exercise price of an option and the closing market price of our common stock on April 30, 2020, which was $6.10 per share. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $3.74, $3.30 and $3.50 per share, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $0.7 million, $0.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Cash received from stock options exercised during fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 totaled $0.9 million, $1.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively. We issue shares of common stock that are reserved for issuance under the Stock Plans upon the exercise of stock options, and we do not expect to repurchase shares of common stock from any source to satisfy our obligations under our compensation plans. As of April 30, 2020, the total estimated unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options was $4.1 million. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of 2.66 years based on current assumptions. Restricted Stock A restricted stock unit (“RSU”) represents the right to receive one share of our common stock upon the vesting of each unit. RSUs generally vest over four years at the rate of one-fourth of the shares granted on each anniversary of the date of grant. The estimated fair value of RSUs is based on the closing market value of our common stock on the date of grant, and is amortized as stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the period of vesting. 50 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The following summarizes our RSUs transaction activity for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020: Outstanding at May 1, 2019 Granted Vested Forfeited Outstanding at April 30, 2020 Shares (in thousands) Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value 200 $ 194 (49) (38) 307 $ 4.32 5.91 4.30 5.07 5.23 The weighted-average grant date fair value of RSUs granted during the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020 and 2019 was $5.91 and $4.28 per share, respectively. No RSUs were granted during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018. The total fair value of RSUs vested during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020 was $0.3 million. No RSUs vested during the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018. As of April 30, 2020, the total estimated unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs was $1.3 million. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of 2.82 years. Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Avid Bioservices, Inc. 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) is a stockholder-approved plan under which employees can purchase shares of our common stock, based on a percentage of their compensation, subject to certain limits. The purchase price per share is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market value of our common stock on the first trading day of the offering period or on the last trading day of the six-month offering period. On October 9, 2019, our stockholders approved an amendment to the ESPP to extend its term for an additional five years to October 21, 2025 and to change the commencement dates of the six-month offering periods from May 1 and November 1 of each year to January 1 and July 1 of each year. During the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, a total of 47,526, 75,148 and 88,327 shares of our common stock were purchased, respectively, under the ESPP at a weighted average purchase price per share of $3.94, $3.44 and $3.59, respectively. As of April 30, 2020, we had 1,148,735 shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP. The fair value of the shares purchased under the ESPP was determined using a Black-Scholes option valuation model (see explanation of valuation model inputs above under “Stock Options”), and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period (or six-month offering period). 51 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The weighted average grant date fair value of purchase rights under the ESPP during fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $1.81, $1.49 and $1.65, respectively, based on the following weighted-average Black-Scholes option valuation model inputs: Risk-free interest rate Expected life (in years) Expected volatility Expected dividend yield 401(k) Plan 2020 2.08% 0.50 56.71% – Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2019 2.26% 0.50 71.10% – 2018 1.10% 0.50 75.18% – We maintain a 401(k) Plan pursuant to section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code that allows participating employees to defer a portion of their compensation on a tax deferred basis up to the maximum amount permitted by the Internal Revenue Code. We match 50% of employee contributions of up to 6% of their annual eligible compensation. The expense related to our matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan was $0.5 million, $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Stock-based Compensation Expense Stock-based compensation expense for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was comprised of the following (in thousands): Cost of revenues Selling, general and administrative expense Discontinued operations Total 2020 Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2019 2018 $ $ 922 1,577 – 2,499 $ $ 474 $ 1,121 – 1,595 $ 378 820 340 1,538 Due to our net loss position, no tax benefits have been recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Note 7 – Income Taxes We are primarily subject to U.S. federal and California state jurisdictions. All tax years with tax attributes carrying forward remain open to examination by U.S. federal and state authorities. 52 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In accordance with ASC 740, we are required to recognize the impact of an uncertain tax position in the consolidated financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. An uncertain tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. We had no unrecognized tax benefits from uncertain tax positions as of April 30, 2020 and 2019. It is also our policy, in accordance with authoritative guidance, to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in interest and other expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. We did not recognize interest or penalties related to income taxes for fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019, and 2018, and we did not accrue for interest or penalties as of April 30, 2020 and 2019. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided for the amount of deferred tax assets that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized. As a result of our cumulative losses, management has concluded that a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets is appropriate. At April 30, 2020, we had net deferred tax assets of $118.1 million. Due to uncertainties surrounding our ability to generate future taxable income to realize these tax assets, a full valuation has been established to offset our net deferred tax assets. Additionally, the future utilization of our net operating loss carry forwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to an annual limitation, pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382, as a result of ownership changes that may have occurred previously or that could occur in the future. A Section 382 analysis was completed as of the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019 and we subsequently reviewed ownership activity through April 30, 2020, which it was determined that no significant change in ownership had occurred. However, ownership changes occurring subsequent to April 30, 2020 may impact the utilization of net operating loss carry forwards and other tax attributes. At April 30, 2020, we had federal net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $427 million. The federal net operating loss carry forwards generated prior to January 1, 2018 expire in fiscal years 2021 through 2038. The federal net operating loss generated after January 1, 2018 of $19.8 million can be carried forward indefinitely. Net operating losses generated after 2017 through 2020 may offset future taxable income without limitation. Utilization of net operating losses generated subsequent to 2020 are limited to 80% of future taxable income. We also have California state net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $277 million at April 30, 2020, which begin to expire in fiscal year 2029. The provision for income taxes on our loss from continuing operations for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 is comprised of the following (in thousands): Federal income taxes at statutory rate State income taxes Expiration of deferred tax assets Change in valuation allowance Stock-based compensation Other, net Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Income tax benefit 2020 2019 2018 (2,197) – 2,588 (1,664) 1,138 135 – – $ $ (1,120) $ (48) 2,507 (2,480) 1,309 (452) – (284) $ (6,112) 155 1,840 (57,599) 1,584 6 60,126 – $ $ 53 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts for income tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at April 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows: Net operating losses Stock-based compensation Deferred revenue Deferred rent Lease liabilities Other Total deferred tax assets Less valuation allowance Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance Deferred tax liabilities: Fixed assets Right-of-use assets Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax assets 2020 2019 114,105 $ 2,573 810 – 6,324 1,197 125,009 (118,137) 6,872 (1,216) (5,656) (6,872) – $ 113,612 3,416 1,610 555 – 1,256 120,449 (119,516) 933 (933) – (933) – $ $ On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law. The CARES Act provides numerous tax provisions and other stimulus measures, including temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses, temporary changes to the prior and future limitations on interest deductions, temporary suspension of certain payment requirements for the employer portion of Social Security taxes, the creation of certain refundable employee retention credits, and technical corrections from prior tax legislation for tax depreciation of certain qualified improvement property. Due to our loss position, many of the provisions of the CARES Act do not impact us and the CARES Act does not have a significant impact on our income tax provision for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020. Note 8 – Net Loss per Common Share Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing our net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing our net loss attributable to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, plus the potential dilutive effects of stock options, unvested RSUs, shares of common stock expected to be issued under our ESPP, warrants, and Series E Preferred Stock outstanding during the period. 54 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Net loss attributable to common stockholders represents our net loss plus Series E Preferred Stock accumulated dividends. Series E Preferred Stock accumulated dividends include dividends declared for the period (regardless of whether or not the dividends have been paid) and dividends accumulated for the period (regardless of whether or not the dividends have been declared). The potential dilutive effect of stock options, unvested RSUs, shares of common stock expected to be issued under our ESPP, and warrants outstanding during the period are calculated in accordance with the treasury stock method, but are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive. The potential dilutive effect of our Series E Preferred Stock outstanding during the period is calculated using the if-converted method assuming the conversion of Series E Preferred Stock as of the earliest period reported or at the date of issuance, if later, but are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive. Since the impact of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive during periods of net loss, there was no difference between basic and diluted loss per common share amounts for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018. The calculation of weighted average diluted shares outstanding excludes the dilutive effect of the following weighted average securities, as their effect is anti-dilutive during periods of net loss (in thousands): Stock options RSUs ESPP Total 2020 2019 2018 145 76 7 228 139 34 11 184 54 – 2 56 The calculation of weighted average diluted shares outstanding also excludes the following weighted average securities, as their exercise prices or conversion price were greater than the average market price of our common stock during the respective periods, resulting in an anti-dilutive effect (in thousands): Stock options RSUs Warrants Series E Preferred Stock Total Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies 2020 2019 2018 2,650 7 – 1,979 4,636 2,712 34 13 1,979 4,738 3,637 – 39 1,979 5,655 In the ordinary course of business, we are at times subject to various legal proceedings and disputes. We make provisions for liabilities when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Such provisions, if any, are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of any settlement negotiations, judicial and administrative rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. We currently are not a party to any legal proceedings, the adverse outcome of which, in management’s opinion, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations. 55 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the global novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) outbreak a pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures worldwide. We are monitoring this closely, and although the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a significant impact on our operations to date, the ultimate duration and severity of the outbreak and its impact on the economic environment and our business is highly uncertain. Accordingly, we cannot provide any assurance that the COVID-19 pandemic will not have a material adverse impact on our operations or future results. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our future business, strategic initiatives, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to the duration, spread, severity and resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our customers, vendors, and employees and the remedial actions and stimulus measures adopted by local and federal governments, and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Note 10 – Restructuring Charges In August 2017, we implemented a restructuring plan intended to reduce operating costs and improve cost efficiencies, while we pursued strategic options for our research and development assets and focused our efforts on growing our CDMO business. Under this restructuring plan, which we completed in October 2017, we reduced our overall workforce by 57 employees. As a result, during the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2017, we incurred an aggregate of $1.6 million in restructuring costs consisting of termination benefits, including severance, and other employee-related costs, of which $0.3 million is from discontinued operations and $1.3 million is from continuing operations. The restructuring costs from discontinued operations are included in loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018 (Note 11). The restructuring costs from continuing operations are included in operating expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018. All restructuring costs were paid in full during fiscal year 2018. Note 11 – Sale of Research and Development Assets In February 2018, we entered into an Asset Assignment and Purchase Agreement (the “February 2018 Purchase Agreement”) with Oncologie, Inc. (“Oncologie”), pursuant to which we sold to Oncologie the majority of our research and development assets, which included the assignment of certain exclusive licenses related to our former phosphatidylserine (“PS”)-targeting program, as well as certain other licenses and assets useful and/or necessary for the potential commercialization of bavituximab. Pursuant to the February 2018 Purchase Agreement, we received an aggregate of $8.0 million from Oncologie, of which $3.0 million was received in fiscal year 2018 and $5.0 million was received in fiscal year 2019. We are also eligible to receive up to an additional $95.0 million in the event that Oncologie achieves certain development, regulatory and commercialization milestones with respect to bavituximab. In addition, we are eligible to receive royalties on net sales that are upward tiering into the mid-teens in the event that Oncologie commercializes and sells products utilizing bavituximab or the other transferred assets. As of April 30, 2020, no development, regulatory or commercialization milestones have been achieved by Oncologie under the February 2018 Purchase Agreement. Oncologie is responsible for all future research, development and commercialization of bavituximab, including all related intellectual property costs and all other future liabilities and obligations arising out of the ownership of the transferred assets. In September 2018, we entered into a separate Asset Assignment and Purchase Agreement (the “September 2018 Purchase Agreement”) with Oncologie, pursuant to which we sold to Oncologie our r84 technology, which included the assignment of certain licenses, patents and other assets useful and/or necessary for the potential commercialization of the r84 technology. Pursuant to the September 2018 Purchase Agreement, we received $1.0 million from Oncologie, which amount was paid in fiscal year 2019. We are also eligible to receive up to an additional $21.0 million in the event that Oncologie achieves certain development, regulatory and commercialization milestones with respect to r84. In addition, we are eligible to receive royalties on net sales ranging from the low to mid-single digits in the event that Oncologie commercializes and sells products utilizing the r84 technology. As of April 30, 2020, no development, regulatory or commercialization milestones have been achieved by Oncologie under the September 2018 Purchase Agreement. Oncologie is responsible for all future research, development and commercialization of r84, including all related intellectual property costs and all other future liabilities and obligations arising out of the ownership of the transferred assets. 56 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Discontinued Operations As a result of the sale of our PS-targeting and r84 technologies, the abandonment of our remaining research and development assets, and the strategic shift in our corporate direction to focus solely on our CDMO business, the operating results from our former research and development segment have been excluded from continuing operations and presented as discontinued operations in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for all periods presented. During the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, we recorded a gain of $1.0 million and $8.0 million, respectively, upon the completion of the September 2018 Purchase Agreement and the February 2018 Purchase Agreement, which amounts are included in income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The results of operations from discontinued operations presented below include certain allocations that management believes fairly reflect the utilization of services provided to the former research and development segment. The allocations do not include amounts related to general corporate administrative expenses or interest expense. Therefore, these results of operations do not necessarily reflect what the results of operations would have been had the former research and development segment operated as a stand-alone segment. There were no operating results from discontinued operations for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020. The following table summarizes the results of discontinued operations for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): License revenue Operating expenses: Research and development Selling, general and administrative Restructuring charges Total operating expenses Other income Gain on sale of research and development assets before income taxes Income tax expense Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax 57 Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2018 2019 – $ – – – – 125 1,000 284 841 $ 25 6,782 2,163 330 9,275 – 8,000 – (1,250) $ $ AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 12 – Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) The following is a summary of our unaudited quarterly results for each of the two most recent fiscal years (in thousands, except per share amounts): Revenues (a) Gross profit (loss) Loss from continuing operations, net of tax(b) Net loss Net loss attributable to common stockholders Basic and diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders (c) Revenues Gross profit (Loss) income from continuing operations, net of tax Income from discontinued operations, net of tax (d)(e) Net (loss) income Net loss attributable to common stockholders Basic and diluted net (loss) income per common share attributable to common stockholders (c) Continuing operations Discontinued operations Net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders ________________ Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2020 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 15,254 1,086 (3,164) (3,164) (4,606) (0.08) First Quarter 12,589 1,192 (1,961) – (1,961) (3,403) (0.06) – (0.06) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 18,313 $ 3,360 $ (430) $ (430) $ (1,872) $ 13,585 $ 785 $ (2,104) $ (2,104) $ (3,546) $ 12,550 (1,299) (4,768) (4,768) (6,210) (0.03) $ (0.06) $ (0.11) Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2019 Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter 10,178 $ 334 $ (2,190) $ 739 $ (1,451) $ (2,893) $ 13,781 $ 2,050 $ (1,139) $ – $ (1,139) $ (2,581) $ (0.06) $ 0.01 $ (0.05) $ – $ (0.05) $ (0.05) $ 17,055 3,648 234 102 336 (1,106) (0.02) – (0.02) (a) Revenues for the fourth quarter of fiscal year ended April 30, 2020, includes a $1.5 million reduction due to changes in estimates for variable consideration as compared to the third quarter of fiscal year ended April 30, 2020. (b) Loss from continuing operations for the second quarter of fiscal year ended April 30, 2020 includes a loss on lease termination of $0.4 million (Note 4) (c) Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share attributable to common stockholders calculations for each of the quarters are based on the basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for each period. As such, the sum of the quarters may not necessarily equal the basic and diluted net (loss) income per common share amount for the fiscal year. (d) For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, the operating results of our former research and development segment are reported as income from discontinued operations, net of tax (Note 1). There were no operating results from discontinued operations for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020. Income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the second quarter of fiscal year ended April 30, 2019 includes a gain on sale of research and development assets before tax of $1.0 million (Note 11). (e) 58 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 13 – Subsequent Events Repayment of PPP Loan On May 12, 2020, we paid off in full the principal and interest on the PPP Loan, resulting in the termination of the Note (Note 3). Series E Preferred Stock Dividend On June 3, 2020, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.65625 per share on our Series E Preferred Stock. The dividend payment is equivalent to an annualized 10.50% per share, based on the $25.00 per share stated liquidation preference, accruing from April 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020. The cash dividend of $1.1 million is payable on July 1, 2020 to holders of the Series E Preferred Stock of record on June 15, 2020. 59 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The term “disclosure controls and procedures” defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act refers to the controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the required time periods. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and in reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our interim chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of April 30, 2020. Based on this evaluation, our interim president and chief executive officer and our chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of April 30, 2020 to ensure the timely disclosure of required information in our SEC filings. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and for the assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is supported by written policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In connection with the preparation of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements, management of the Company has undertaken an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Management’s assessment included an evaluation of the design of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and testing of the operational effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of April 30, 2020. Our internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2020 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report included herein. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting Management has determined that, as of April 30, 2020, there were no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 60 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Avid Bioservices, Inc. Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited Avid Bioservices, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Avid Bioservices, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2020, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of April 30, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2020, and the related notes and our report dated June 30, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Irvine, California June 30, 2020 ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. 61 ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PART III The information required by this Item regarding our directors, executive officers and committees of our board of directors is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the captions, “Election of Directors,” “Executive Compensation” and “Corporate Governance” in our 2020 Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended April 30, 2020 (the “2020 Definitive Proxy Statement”). Information required by this Item regarding Section 16(a) reporting compliance is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the caption, “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in our 2020 Definitive Proxy Statement. Information required by this Item regarding our code of ethics is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the caption, “Corporate Governance” in our 2020 Definitive Proxy Statement. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the captions, “Director Compensation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and “Executive Compensation” in our 2020 Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended April 30, 2020. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS Other than as set forth below, the information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the caption, “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners, Directors and Management” in our 2020 Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended April 30, 2020. Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table summarizes our compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance as of April 30, 2020: (a) Number of Securities to be Issued Upon the Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights 3,193,204 9,830 – 3,203,034 (b) Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights ($/share) 6.17 15.75 – 6.20 (3) (c) Number of Shares Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a)) 3,738,015 – 1,148,735 4,886,750 Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders (1) Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders (2) Employee Stock Purchase Plan approved by stockholders Total ______________________ (1) Represents stock options and restricted stock units under our stockholder approved equity compensation plans referred to as the 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan, the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, the 2010 Stock Incentive Plan, the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan, the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan. (2) Represents stock options under our 2002 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2002 Plan”), which was not submitted for stockholder approval. The 2002 Plan, which expired in June 2012, was a broad-based non-qualified stock option plan for the issuance of up to 85,714 stock options. The 2002 Plan provided for the granting of options to purchase shares of our common stock at prices not less than the fair market value of our common stock at the date of grant and generally expired ten years after the date of grant. No additional grants of stock options can be granted under the 2002 Plan, however, the terms of the 2002 Plan remain in effect with respect to the outstanding options granted under the 2002 Plan until they are exercised, canceled or expired (3) Represents the weighted-average exercise price of outstanding stock options as there is no exercise price for restricted stock units. 62 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the captions, “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions,” “Director Independence” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in our 2020 Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended April 30, 2020. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the caption, “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees” in our 2020 Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended April 30, 2020. 63 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES PART IV (a) (1) Documents filed as part of this report on Form 10-K: Consolidated Financial Statements Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 30, 2020 and 2019 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2020 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2020 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2020 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (2) Financial Statement Schedules Page 31 32 33 34 35 36 All schedules are omitted as the required information is inapplicable, or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or related notes. (3) Exhibits The exhibits listed in the accompanying index to exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this report on Form 10-K. ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None. 64 Filed Herewith EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit Number 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2* 4.3* 4.4* 4.5* 4.6* 4.7* 4.8* 4.9* 4.10* 4.11* 4.12* 4.13* 4.14* 4.15* 4.16* 4.17 4.18* 4.19* Description Certificate of Incorporation, as amended through October 4, 2018 Amended and Restated Bylaws Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Bylaws Form of Certificate for Common Stock 2002 Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan Form of 2002 Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement 2003 Stock Incentive Plan Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement 2003 Stock Incentive Plan Incentive Stock Option Agreement 2010 Stock Incentive Plan Form of Stock Option Award Agreement under 2010 Stock Incentive Plan 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Amendment to the 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan 2011 Stock Incentive Plan Form of Stock Option Award Agreement under 2011 Stock Incentive Plan First Amendment to 2011 Stock Incentive Plan Second Amendment to 2011 Stock Incentive Plan Third Amendment to 2011 Stock Incentive Plan Form of Amendment to Stock Option Award Agreement Under 2011 Stock Incentive Plan related to Non-Employee Director stock option awards Fourth Amendment to 2011 Stock Incentive Plan Form of Indenture Avid Bioservices, Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan Form of Stock Option Award Agreement under 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan Incorporated by Reference Form 10-Q 8-K 8-K 10-K S-8 S-8 S-8 S-8 DEF-14A S-8 DEF-14A DEF-14A DEF-14A S-8 DEF-14A DEF-14A 10-K 10-K Date Filed 12/10/2018 11/14/2014 3/13/2018 1988 6/23/2006 6/23/2006 12/16/2004 12/16/2004 8/27/2010 12/9/2010 8/27/2010 8/26/2016 8/26/2011 12/12/2011 8/27/2012 8/26/2013 7/14/2015 7/14/2015 DEF-14A S-3 DEF-14A S-8 8/28/2015 1/12/2018 8/17/2018 12/10/2018 Exhibit Number 3.1 3.2 3.2 4.1 4.17 4.18 10.95 10.96 A 4.17 B B A 4.20 A A 4.24 4.27 B 4.4 A 4.2 65 Exhibit Number 4.20* Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan Description 4.21 10.1 Description of Registrant’s Securities Lease and Agreement of Lease between TNCA, LLC, as Landlord, and Avid Bioservices, Inc., as Tenant, dated as of December 24, 1998 Incorporated by Reference Date Filed 12/10/2018 Exhibit Number 4.3 Form S-8 10-Q 3/12/1999 10.48 Filed Herewith X 10.2 First Amendment to Lease and Agreement of Lease between 8-K 12/23/2005 99.1 99.2 10.3* 10.4** 10.5* 10.6* 10.7 23.1 24 31.1 31.2 32 TNCA, LLC, as Landlord, and Avid Bioservices, Inc., as Tenant, dated December 22, 2005 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between Avid Bioservices, Inc. and Mark R. Ziebell, effective December 27, 2012 Asset Assignment and Purchase Agreement by and between Avid Bioservices, Inc. and Oncologie, Inc., dated February 12, 2018 Employment Agreement by and between Avid Bioservices, Inc. and Daniel R. Hart, effective June 26, 2019 10-Q 3/12/2013 10.38 10-K 10-K 7/16/2018 10.11 6/27/2019 Amendment to 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Promissory Note, dated April 17, 2020, by and between Avid DEF-14A 8-K 8/21/2019 4/23/2020 Bioservices, Inc. and City National Bank Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Power of Attorney (included on signature page of Annual Report) Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a- 14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a- 14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b)/15d-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Instance Document 101.INS 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL 101.DEF 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document XBRL Presentation Extension Linkbase Document _______________________________ * ** This Exhibit is a management contract or a compensation plan or arrangement. Portions omitted pursuant to a request of confidentiality filed separately with the SEC. 66 10.7 A 10.1 X X X X X X X X X X X Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: June 30, 2020 AVID BIOSERVICES, INC. By: /s/ /Richard B. Hancock Richard B. Hancock Interim President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Richard B. Hancock, Interim President and Chief Executive Officer, and Daniel R. Hart, Chief Financial Officer, and each of them, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with the full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this report, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or either of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: Name Title /s/ Richard B. Hancock Richard B. Hancock Interim President and Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) Date June 30, 2020 /s/ Daniel R. Hart Daniel R. Hart Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) June 30, 2020 /s/ Joseph Carleone, Ph.D. Joseph Carleone, Ph.D. /s/ Mark R. Bamforth Mark R. Bamforth /s/ Catherine J. Mackey, Ph.D. Catherine J. Mackey, Ph.D. /s/ Gregory P. Sargen Gregory P. Sargen /s/ Patrick D. Walsh Patrick D. Walsh Chairman of the Board of Directors June 30, 2020 Director Director Director Director 67 June 30, 2020 June 30, 2020 June 30, 2020 June 30, 2020 DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 EXHIBIT 4.21 The following summary of the rights of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Common Stock”), and preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Preferred Stock”), does not purport to be complete. This summary is subject to and qualified by the provisions of our certificate of incorporation, as amended (“Certificate of Incorporation”), and our amended and restated bylaws, as amended (“Bylaws”), copies of which are filed as exhibits to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference. In addition, the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended (“DGCL”) also affects the terms of our capital stock. Authorized Capital Stock Our authorized capital stock consists of 155,000,000 shares, of which: · · 150,000,000 shares have been designated as Common Stock; and 5,000,000 shares have been designated as Preferred Stock. We are authorized to designate and issue up to 5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock in one or more classes or series and, subject to the limitations prescribed by our Certificate of Incorporation and the DGCL, with such rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions of each class or series of preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any class or series as our board of directors may determine, without any vote or action by our stockholders. We filed a Certificate of Designations of Rights and Preferences (the “Certificate of Designations”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in order to designate 2,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock as 10.50% Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series E Preferred Stock”). As of April 30, 2020, there were 56,483,065 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding, 1,647,760 shares of Series E Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, and no other shares of Preferred Stock issued or outstanding. All outstanding shares of our capital stock are fully paid and nonassessable. Common Stock Voting Rights Holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on each matter submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. The DGCL could require holders of any of the shares of Common Stock or Series E Preferred Stock to vote separately, as a single class, in the following circumstances: · · if we amended our Certificate of Incorporation to increase or decrease the par value of the shares of a class of stock, then the holders of the shares of that class would be required to vote separately to approve the proposed amendment; and if we amended our Certificate of Incorporation in a manner that altered or changed the powers, preferences, or special rights of the shares of a class of stock so as to affect them adversely, then the holders of the shares of that class would be required to vote separately to approve the proposed amendment. 1 Dividends Subject to preferences that may be granted to the holders of Preferred Stock, each holder of Common Stock is entitled to share ratably in distributions to stockholders and to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor. Liquidation Rights In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of Common Stock will be entitled to receive, after payment of all of our debts and liabilities and of all sums to which holders of any Preferred Stock may be entitled, the distribution of any of our remaining assets. Conversion Shares of Common Stock are not convertible into any other shares of our capital stock. Series E Preferred Stock Voting Rights Holders of Series E Preferred Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on each matter on which the holders of Series E Preferred Stock are entitled to vote. So long as shares of Series E Preferred Stock with an aggregate Liquidation Amount (as defined below) of at least $10,000,000 are outstanding, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the shares of Series E Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be necessary for us to incur additional Indebtedness (as defined in the Certificate of Designations) in an amount greater than the lesser of: (i) $10,000,000; or (ii) the product of 4.5, multiplied by our TTM EBITDA (as defined in the Certificate of Designations) calculated as of the end of the month prior to the incurrence of any such Indebtedness. Except as set forth in the Certificate of Designations (as described above), or otherwise required by applicable law, the holders of Series E Preferred Stock shall not have any relative, participating, optional or other special voting rights and powers, and the consent of the holders thereof shall not be required for the taking of any corporate action. Dividends Holders of our Series E Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, when and as declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available for the payment of distributions, cumulative preferential cash dividends, payable in cash, at a rate of 10.50% per annum on the stated value of $25.00 per share, or $2.625 per share per annum (in each case, as adjusted for any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, reclassification or any similar transaction). The dividend rate on the Series E Preferred Stock will increase to a penalty rate of 12.50% per annum in the event we: (i) fail to pay dividends for any four consecutive or nonconsecutive quarterly dividend periods; or (ii) fail, for period of 180 consecutive days or more, to maintain the listing or quotation, as applicable, of our Series E Preferred Stock on the New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE MKT LLC, The NASDAQ Global Market, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Capital Market, or any successor to such national securities exchange. Dividends on our Series E Preferred Stock accrue and accumulate on each issued and outstanding share of our Series E Preferred Stock on a daily basis from, and including, the original date of issuance of such share. Dividends on our Series E Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears on or about the first day of each January, April, July, and October, as set forth in the Certificates of Designation. Liquidation Rights In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, before any payment or distribution of our assets (whether capital or surplus) shall be made to or set apart for the holders of shares of Common Stock or any other class or series of shares of our capital stock then issued and outstanding over which the Series E Preferred Stock have preference or priority in the payment of dividends and in the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up (collectively, “Junior Stock”), the holders of Series E Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, after payment of all of our debts and liabilities, an amount equal to $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to all accumulated accrued and unpaid dividends thereon (whether or not earned or declared) to the date of final distribution to such holders. 2 Conversion Each share of Series E Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder thereof into shares of Common Stock at a conversion price of $21.00 per share (as adjusted for any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, reclassification or any similar transaction) (the “Series E Conversion Price”). Each share of Series E Preferred Stock is subject to automatic conversion into shares of Common Stock at the Series E Conversion Price upon a Change of Control (as such term is defined in the Certificate of Designations), on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in, the Certificate of Designations. Each share of Series E Preferred Stock is subject to conversion into shares of Common Stock at the Series E Conversion Price upon our election to effect a Mandatory Conversion (as defined in the Certificate of Designations) following the occurrence of certain events described in, and on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in, the Certificate of Designations. Redemption The Series E Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date or mandatory redemption, and is senior to all of our other securities. Undesignated Preferred Stock Our board of directors is authorized to designate and authorize the issuance of, in addition to our Series E Preferred Stock, up to the remaining 3,000,000 shares of our authorized preferred stock in one or more series of preferred stock ranking junior to or on parity with our Series E Preferred Stock, and, in connection with the creation of such series, fix by the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of shares the voting powers and designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such series, including dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting such series. The particular terms of any additional series of preferred stock offered by may include: · · · · · · · · the maximum number of shares in the series and the designation of the series; the terms of which dividends, if any, will be paid; the terms of which the shares may be redeemed, if at all; the liquidation preference, if any; the terms of any retirement or sinking fund for the purchase or redemption of the shares of the series; the terms and conditions, if any, on which the shares of the series will be convertible into, or exchangeable for, shares of any other class or classes of securities; the voting rights, if any, of the shares of the series; and any or all other preferences and relative, participating, operational or other special rights or qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the shares. 3 Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of series of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of Common Stock. In addition, the issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company and might harm the market price of our Common Stock or Series E Preferred Stock. Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL. Subject to certain exceptions, Section 203 prohibits persons deemed “interested stockholders” from engaging, under certain circumstances, in a “business combination” with a publicly held Delaware corporation for three years following the date these persons become interested stockholders, unless: · · · prior to the date of the transaction, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, calculated in accordance with the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL; or on or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66⅔% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder. Generally, an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of a corporation’s voting stock. Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. The existence of this provision may have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by our board of directors. We also anticipate that Section 203 of the DGCL may also discourage attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of capital stock held by stockholders. Filling of Vacancies on our Board of Directors Our Bylaws provide that any vacancy or vacancies in our board of directors resulting from the death, resignation or removal of any director, or an increase in the authorized number of directors, may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, though less than a quorum. Issuance of Authorized but Unissued Shares Our authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock and preferred stock, including our Series E Preferred Stock, are available for future issuance without stockholder approval. We may use additional shares for a variety of purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, to fund acquisitions and as employee compensation. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock and preferred stock could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise. 4 In addition, the authority possessed by our board of directors to designate and authorize the issuance of shares of our undesignated preferred stock could potentially be used to discourage attempts by third parties to obtain control of our company through a merger, tender offer, proxy contest, or otherwise by making such attempts more difficult or more costly. Our board of directors may issue our undesignated preferred stock with voting rights or conversion rights that, if exercised, could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our Common Stock or Series E Preferred Stock. Stockholder Meeting Requirements Our Bylaws provide that special meetings of our stockholders may only be called at the request of a majority of our board of directors. Elimination of Stockholder Action by Written Consent Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws expressly eliminate the right of our stockholders to act by written consent. Stockholder action must take place at the annual or a special meeting of our stockholders. Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations Our Bylaws provide advance notice procedures for stockholders seeking to bring business before our annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at any meeting of stockholders. Our Bylaws also specify certain requirements regarding the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. These provisions may preclude our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our meetings of stockholders. Listing Our Common Stock and Series E Preferred Stock are each listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market and trade under the symbols “CDMO” and “CDMOP,” respectively. The transfer agent and registrar for our Common Stock and Series E Preferred Stock is Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc. 5 EXHIBIT 23.1 We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (1) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-228735) pertaining to the 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan of Avid Bioservices, Inc., (2) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-208466, No. 333-192794, No. 333-185423, No. 333-178452) pertaining to the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan of Avid Bioservices, Inc., (3) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-171067) pertaining to the 2010 Stock Incentive Plan and 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Avid Bioservices, Inc., (4) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-215053) pertaining to the 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Avid Bioservices, Inc., (5) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-164026) pertaining to the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan of Avid Bioservices, Inc., (6) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-130271) pertaining to the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan of Avid Bioservices, Inc., (7) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-121334) pertaining to the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan of Avid Bioservices, Inc., (8) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-106385) pertaining to the 2002 Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan of Avid Bioservices, Inc., and (9) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-222548) of Avid Bioservices, Inc.; of our reports dated June 30, 2020, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Avid Bioservices, Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Avid Bioservices, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Avid Bioservices, Inc. for the year ended April 30, 2020. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP Irvine, California June 30, 2020 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 EXHIBIT 31.1 I, Richard B. Hancock, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Avid Bioservices, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: June 30, 2020 /s/ Richard B. Hancock Richard B. Hancock Interim President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 EXHIBIT 31.2 I, Daniel R. Hart, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Avid Bioservices, Inc.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) b) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: June 30, 2020 /s/ Daniel R. Hart Daniel R. Hart Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) CERTIFICATIONS OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 EXHIBIT 32 I, Richard B. Hancock, certify, as of the date hereof, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Avid Bioservices, Inc. for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020: (i) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (ii) that the information contained in such Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Avid Bioservices, Inc. Date: June 30, 2020 /s/ Richard B. Hancock Richard B. Hancock Interim President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) I, Daniel R. Hart, certify, as of the date hereof, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Avid Bioservices, Inc. for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020: (i) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (ii) that the information contained in such Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Avid Bioservices, Inc. Date: June 30, 2020 /s/ Daniel R. Hart Daniel R. Hart Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Avid Bioservices, Inc. and will be retained by Avid Bioservices, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

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