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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2020
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-15781
BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
04-3510455
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
60 State Street
Boston
(Address of principal executive offices)
Massachusetts
02109
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 641-9206,
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol(s)
BHLB
Name of Exchange on which registered
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý
No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o
No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to
file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted
and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such
shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller
reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”,
“smaller reporting company”, and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)
Large Accelerated Filer o
Non-Accelerated Filer o
Accelerated Filer
Smaller Reporting Company
Emerging Growth Company
x
☐
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period
for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of
the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15
U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ý
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates was approximately $548
million, based upon the closing price of $11.02 as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange as of the last business day of the
registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of February 25, 2021 was 51,035,606.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of
Shareholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K.
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INDEX
PART I
ITEM 1.
BUSINESS
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES
ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
PART II
ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
ITEM 6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 8.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
ITEM 9A.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
PART III
ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR
INDEPENDENCE
2
4
4
29
38
38
39
40
41
41
43
52
73
76
76
76
76
77
78
81
81
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ITEM 14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
PART IV
ITEM 15.
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 16.
FORM 10-K SUMMARY
SIGNATURES
TABLE INDEX
PART I
ITEM 1.
ITEM 1 TABLE 1 — LOAN PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS
ITEM 1 TABLE 2 — MATURITY AND SENSITIVITY OF LOAN PORTFOLIO
ITEM 1 TABLE 3 — PROBLEM ASSETS
ITEM 1 TABLE 4 — ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
ITEM 1 TABLE 5 — ALLOCATION OF ALLOWANCE BY LOAN CATEGORY
ITEM 1 TABLE 6 — AMORTIZED COST AND FAIR VALUE OF SECURITIES
ITEM 1 TABLE 7 — WEIGHTED AVERAGE YIELD ON SECURITIES
ITEM 1 TABLE 8 — AVERAGE BALANCE AND WEIGHTED AVERAGE RATES FOR DEPOSITS
ITEM 1 TABLE 9 — MATURITY OF DEPOSITS > $100,000
PART II
ITEM 6
ITEM 6 TABLE 3 — AVERAGE BALANCES, INTEREST AND AVERAGE YIELD COSTS
ITEM 6 TABLE 4 — RATE VOLUME ANALYSIS
ITEMS 7-7A.
ITEM 7 — 7A TABLE 1 — CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
ITEM 7 — 7A TABLE 2 — QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF MARKET RISK
3
83
84
84
86
87
4
4
5
8
10
12
13
15
16
17
17
41
43
46
48
52
71
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in this document that are not historical facts may constitute forward-looking
statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (referred to as the
Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (referred to as the Securities
Exchange Act), and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. You can identify these statements from the use of the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,”
“would,” “plan,” “potential,” “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “target” and similar
expressions.
These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks, assumptions and uncertainties, including among
other things, changes in general economic and business conditions, increased competitive pressures, changes in the
interest rate environment, legislative and regulatory change, changes in the financial markets, and other risks and
uncertainties disclosed from time to time in documents that Berkshire Hills Bancorp files with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, including the Risk Factors in Item 1A of this report.
Further, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the related local and national economic disruption may result in a
continued decline in demand for our products and services; increased levels of loan delinquencies, problem assets
and foreclosures; an increase in our allowance for loan losses; a decline in the value of loan collateral, including real
estate; a greater decline in the yield on our interest-earning assets than the decline in the cost of our interest-bearing
liabilities; and increased cybersecurity risks, as employees continue to work remotely.
Because of these and other uncertainties, Berkshire’s actual results, performance or achievements, or industry
results, may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition,
Berkshire’s past results of operations do not necessarily indicate Berkshire’s combined future results. You should
not place undue reliance on any of the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the dates on which they
were made. Berkshire is not undertaking an obligation to update forward-looking statements, even though its
situation may change in the future, except as required under federal securities law. Berkshire qualifies all of its
forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
GENERAL
Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (“Berkshire” or “the Company”) is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Berkshire
is a Delaware corporation and the holding company for Berkshire Bank (“the Bank”) and Berkshire Insurance
Group, Inc.
At year-end 2020, the Bank had 130 full-service banking offices in its New England, New York, and Mid-Atlantic
footprint. The Bank has an agreement to sell its 8 Mid-Atlantic branches and has announced a plan to consolidate
another 16 offices in its New England/New York footprint. The actions are targeted to be completed by mid-year
2021, and the Bank has a target of 106 branches as a result of these actions. The Company offers a wide range of
deposit, lending, insurance, and wealth management products to retail and commercial customers in its market
areas. The Bank also operates a socially responsible platform, Reevx LabsTM , to support emerging entrepreneurs,
artists, and small non-profit organizations by providing them with the resources and connections needed to power
them today and far into the 21st century.
FILINGS
Information regarding the Company is available through the Investor Relations tab at berkshirebank.com. The
Company’s annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any
amendments to those reports filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are
available free of charge at sec.gov and at berkshirebank.com under the Investor Relations tab. Information on the
website is not incorporated by reference and is not a part of this annual report on Form 10-K.
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COMPETITION
The Company is subject to strong competition from banks and other financial institutions and financial service
providers. Its competition includes national and super-regional banks. Non-bank competitors include credit unions,
brokerage firms, insurance providers, financial planners, and the mutual fund industry. New technology is reshaping
customer interaction with financial service providers and the increase of internet-accessible financial institutions
increases competition for the Company’s customers. The Company generally competes on the basis of customer
service, relationship management, and the fair pricing of loan and deposit products and wealth management and
insurance services. The location and convenience of branch offices is also a significant competitive factor,
particularly regarding new offices. The Company does not rely on any individual, group, or entity for a material
portion of its deposits.
LENDING ACTIVITIES
General. The Bank originates loans in the four basic portfolio categories discussed below. Lending activities are
limited by federal and state laws and regulations. Loan interest rates and other key loan terms are affected
principally by the Bank’s credit policy, asset/liability strategy, loan demand, competition, and the supply of money
available for lending purposes. These factors, in turn, are affected by general and economic conditions, monetary
policies of the federal government, including the Federal Reserve, legislative tax policies, and governmental
budgetary matters. Most of the Bank’s loans held for investment are made in its market areas and are secured by
real estate located in its market areas. Lending is therefore affected by activity in these real estate markets. The
Bank does not engage in subprime lending activities. The Bank monitors and manages the amount of long-term
fixed-rate lending volume. Adjustable-rate loan products generally reduce interest rate risk but may produce higher
loan losses in the event of sustained rate increases. The Bank generally originates loans for investment except for
residential mortgages, which are generally originated for sale on a servicing released basis. Additionally, the Bank
also originates Small Business Administration ("SBA") 7A loans for sale to investors. The Bank also conducts
wholesale purchases and sales of loans and loan participations generally with other banks doing business in its
markets, including selected national banks. The information discussed below describes the Company’s ongoing
lending activities. The COVID-19 pandemic conditions that affected the Company’s activities in 2020 are
discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis in Item 7 of this report.
Loan Portfolio Analysis. The following table sets forth the year-end composition of the Bank’s loan portfolio in
dollar amounts and as a percentage of the portfolio at the dates indicated. Further information about the composition
of the loan portfolio is contained in Note 6 - Loans of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 1 - Table 1 - Loan Portfolio Analysis
(In millions)
Loans:
Construction
Commercial multifamily
Commercial real estate owner
occupied
Commercial real estate non-
owner occupied
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Amount
Percent of
Total
Amount
Percent of
Total
Amount
Percent of
Total
Amount
Percent of
Total
Amount
Percent of
Total
$
455
483
552
2,119
1,943
1,932
294
303
5.6 % $
6.0
6.8
26.2
24.0
23.9
3.7
3.8
449
632
673
2,190
1,844
2,853
379
483
4.7 % $
6.7
7.1
23.0
19.4
30.0
4.0
5.1
371
552
562
1,849
1,954
2,727
377
651
4.1 % $
6.1
6.2
20.4
21.6
30.2
4.2
7.2
385
495
646
1,700
1,740
2,264
409
660
4.6 % $
6.0
7.8
20.5
21.0
27.3
4.9
7.9
351
349
595
1,253
1,044
2,047
362
549
5.4 %
5.3
9.1
19.1
15.9
31.3
5.5
8.4
$
8,081
100.0 % $
9,503
100.0 % $
9,043
100.0 % $
8,299
100.0 % $
6,550
100.0 %
Allowance for credit losses (1)
(127)
(64)
(61)
(52)
(44)
Net loans
(1)
$
7,954
$
9,439
$
8,982
$
8,247
$
6,506
Beginning January 1, 2020, the allowance calculation is based on current expected loss methodology. Prior to January
1, 2020, the allowance calculation was based on the incurred loss model.
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Commercial Real Estate. The Bank originates commercial real estate loans on properties used for business purposes
such as small office buildings, industrial, healthcare, lodging, recreation, or retail facilities. Commercial real estate
loans are provided on owner-occupied properties and on investor-owned properties. The portfolio includes
commercial 1-4 family and multifamily properties. Loans may generally be made with amortizations of up to 30
years and with interest rates that adjust periodically (primarily from short-term to five years). Most commercial real
estate loans are originated with final maturities of 10 years or less. As part of its business activities, the Bank also
enters into commercial loan participations.
Commercial real estate loans are among the largest of the Bank’s loans, and may have higher credit risk and lending
spreads. Because repayment is often dependent on the successful operation or management of the properties,
repayment of commercial real estate loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the
economy. The Bank seeks to manage these risks through its underwriting disciplines and portfolio management
processes. The Bank generally requires that borrowers have debt service coverage ratios (the ratio of available cash
flows before debt service to debt service) of at least 1.25 times based on stabilized cash flows of leases in place,
with some exceptions for national credit tenants. For variable rate loans, the Bank underwrites debt service coverage
to interest rate shocks of 300 basis points or higher based on a minimum of 1.0 times coverage and it uses loan
maturities to manage risk based on the lease base and interest sensitivity. Loans at origination may be made up to
80% of appraised value based on property type and risk, with sublimits of 75% or less for designated specialty
property types. Generally, commercial real estate loans are supported by full or partial personal guarantees by the
principals. Credit enhancements in the form of additional collateral or guarantees are normally considered for start-
up businesses without a qualifying cash flow history.
The Bank offers interest rate swaps to certain larger commercial mortgage borrowers. These swaps allow the Bank
to originate a mortgage based on short-term LIBOR rates and allow the borrower to swap into a longer-term fixed
rate. The Bank simultaneously sells an offsetting back-to-back swap to an investment grade national bank so that it
does not retain this fixed-rate risk. The Bank also records fee income on these interest rate swaps based on the terms
of the offsetting swaps with the bank counterparties.
The Bank originates construction loans to developers and commercial borrowers in and around its markets. The
maximum loan to value limits for construction loans follow Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC")
supervisory limits, up to a maximum of 85 percent. The Bank commits to provide the permanent mortgage
financing on most of its construction loans on income-producing property. Advances on construction loans are
made in accordance with a schedule reflecting the cost of the improvements. Construction loans include land
acquisition loans up to a maximum 50 percent loan to value on raw land. Construction loans may have greater credit
risk due to the dependence on completion of construction and other real estate improvements, as well as the sale or
rental of the improved property. The Bank generally mitigates these risks with presale or preleasing requirements
and phasing of construction.
Commercial and Industrial Loans ("C&I"). C&I loans are managed through the Bank’s commercial middle
market banking organization. The Bank offers secured commercial term loans with repayment terms which are
normally limited to the expected useful life of the asset being financed, and generally not exceeding ten years. The
Bank also offers revolving loans, lines of credit, letters of credit, time notes and SBA guaranteed loans. Business
lines of credit have adjustable rates of interest and can be committed or are payable on demand, subject to annual
review and renewal. Commercial and industrial loans are generally secured by a variety of collateral such as
accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, and are generally supported by personal guarantees. Loan-to-value
ratios depend on the collateral type and generally do not exceed 80 percent of orderly liquidation value. Some
commercial loans may also be secured by liens on real estate. The Bank generally does not make unsecured
commercial loans. Commercial loans are of higher risk and are made primarily on the basis of the borrower’s ability
to make repayment from the cash flows of its business. Further, any collateral securing such loans may depreciate
over time, may be difficult to monitor and appraise and may fluctuate in value. The Bank gives additional
consideration to the borrower’s credit history and the guarantor’s capacity to help mitigate these risks. Additionally,
the Bank uses loan structures including shorter terms, amortizations, and advance rate limitations to additionally
mitigate credit risk. The Company considers these loans, together with its owner-occupied commercial real estate
loans, as constituting the primary relationship based component of its commercial lending activities. The loans
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originated through the Company’s participation in the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) lending
program in 2020 were classified as C&I loans. These loans were viewed as zero credit risk due to the related SBA
guarantee.
Asset Based Lending. The Asset Based Lending Group serves the commercial middle market in New England, as
well as the Bank’s market in northeastern New York and in the Mid-Atlantic. The group expands the Bank’s
business lending offerings to include revolving lines of credit and term loans secured by accounts receivable,
inventory, and other assets to manufacturers, distributors and select service companies experiencing seasonal
working capital needs, rapid sales growth, a turnaround, buyout or recapitalization with credit needs generally
ranging from $2 to $25 million. Asset based lending involves monitoring loan collateral so that outstanding
balances are always properly secured by business assets, which reduces the risks associated with these loans.
Small Business Banking. This group is also referred to as Business Banking, and handles most business
relationships which are smaller than the middle market category. Additionally, some smaller business needs are
handled through the Bank’s retail branch system. Berkshire Bank also owns 44 Business Capital, a dedicated SBA
7A program lending team based in the Philadelphia area. This team originates loans in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic
and nationally. 44 Business Capital also works with business banking and small business teams to provide SBA
guaranteed loans to business Banking Customers in Berkshire’s footprint. This team sells the guaranteed portions of
these loans with servicing retained and the Bank retains the unguaranteed portions of the loans. The Bank is a
preferred SBA lender and closely manages the servicing portfolio pursuant to SBA requirements. This team is the
Bank’s largest source of commercial lending fee revenue, and it is targeting to further expand these operations.
Berkshire Bank also owns Firestone Financial Corp. ("Firestone"), which is located in Needham, MA. Firestone
originates loans secured by business-essential equipment through over 160 equipment distributors and
manufacturers and directly via the end borrower in all 50 states. Key customer segments include the fitness,
carnival, gaming, and entertainment industries.
Residential Mortgages. Through its mortgage banking operations, the Bank offers fixed-rate and adjustable-rate
residential mortgage loans to individuals with maturities of up to 30 years that are fully amortizing with monthly
loan payments. The majority of loans are originated for sale with rate lock commitments which are recorded as
derivative financial instruments. Mortgages are generally underwritten according to U.S. government sponsored
enterprise guidelines designated as “A” or “A-” and referred to as “conforming loans”. The Bank also originates
jumbo loans above conforming loan amounts which generally are consistent with secondary market guidelines for
these loans and are often held in portfolio. The Bank does not offer subprime mortgage lending programs. The Bank
buys and sells seasoned mortgages primarily with smaller financial institutions operating in its markets.
The majority of the Bank’s secondary marketing is to U.S. secondary market investors on a servicing-released basis.
The Bank also sells directly to government sponsored enterprises with servicing retained. Mortgage sales generally
involve customary representations and warranties and are nonrecourse in the event of borrower default. The Bank is
also an approved originator of loans for sale to the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), U.S. Department of
Veteran Affairs (“VA”), state housing agency programs, and other government sponsored mortgage programs.
The Bank does not offer interest-only or negative amortization mortgage loans. Adjustable rate mortgage loan
interest rates may rise as interest rates rise, thereby increasing the potential for default. The Bank also originates
construction loans which generally provide 15-month construction periods followed by a permanent mortgage loan,
and follow the Bank’s normal mortgage underwriting guidelines. Mortgage banking also requires flexible and
scalable operations due to the volatility of mortgage demand over time. Investor management is integral to
maintaining the secondary market support that is required for these operations.
Consumer Loans. The Bank’s consumer loans are centrally underwritten and processed by its experienced
consumer lending team based in Syracuse, New York. The Bank’s primary consumer lending activity in recent
years has been indirect auto lending. In 2019, the Company decided to end the origination of indirect auto loans.
This decision reflects the Company’s heightened emphasis on community banking in its local markets. The Bank’s
other major consumer lending activity is prime home equity lending, following its conforming mortgage
underwriting guidelines with more streamlined verifications and documentation. Most of these outstanding loans are
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prime based home equity lines with a maximum combined loan-to-value of 85 percent. Home equity line credit risks
include the risk that higher interest rates will affect repayment and possible compression of collateral coverage on
second lien home equity lines.
Maturity and Sensitivity of Loan Portfolio. The following table shows contractual final maturities of loans at year-
end 2020. The contractual maturities do not reflect premiums, discounts, deferred costs, or prepayments.
Item 1 - Table 2A - Loan Contractual Maturity - Scheduled loan amortizations are not included in the maturities
presented.
Contractual Maturity
(In thousands)
Loans:
Construction
Commercial multifamily
Commercial real estate owner occupied
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total
One Year
or Less
One to
Five Years
More Than
Five Years
Total
$
80,625 $
206,398 $
167,490 $
32,296
49,176
187,556
218,898
12,308
3,207
10,022
191,876
171,991
1,062,087
1,404,958
37,218
6,077
229,877
259,178
331,246
869,620
319,308
1,882,155
284,697
63,255
454,513
483,350
552,413
2,119,263
1,943,164
1,931,681
293,981
303,154
$
594,088 $
3,310,482 $
4,176,949 $
8,081,519
Item 1 - Table 2B - Total loans due after one year - fixed and variable interest rates
(In thousands)
Loans:
Construction
Commercial multifamily
Commercial real estate owner occupied
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total
Fixed Interest Rate
Variable Interest Rate
Total
$
2,969 $
370,919 $
135,881
165,731
600,778
1,042,474
1,450,034
6,100
288,582
315,173
337,506
1,330,929
681,792
469,339
284,674
4,550
$
3,692,549 $
3,794,882 $
373,888
451,054
503,237
1,931,707
1,724,266
1,919,373
290,774
293,132
7,487,431
Loan Administration. Lending activities are governed by a loan policy approved by the Board’s Risk Management
and Capital Committee. Internal staff perform and monitor post-closing loan documentation review, quality control,
and commercial loan administration. The lending staff assigns a risk rating to all commercial loans, excluding point
scored small business loans. Management primarily relies on internal risk management staff to review the risk
ratings of the majority of commercial loan balances.
The Bank’s lending activities follow written, non-discriminatory underwriting standards and loan origination
procedures established by the Risk Management and Capital Committee and Management, under the leadership of
the Chief Risk Officer. The Bank’s loan underwriting is based on a review of certain factors including risk ratings,
recourse, loan-to-value ratios, and material policy exceptions. The Risk Management and Capital Committee has
established individual and combined loan limits and lending approval authorities. Management’s Executive Loan
Committee is responsible for commercial loan approvals in accordance with these standards and procedures.
Generally, pass rated secured commercial loans can be approved jointly up to $7 million by the regional lending
manager and regional credit officer. Loans up to $10 million can be approved with the additional signature of the
Chief Credit Officer. Loans in excess of this amount, and designated lower rated loans are approved by the
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Executive Loan Committee. The Bank tracks loan underwriting exceptions and exception reports are actively
monitored by executive lending management.
The Bank’s lending activities are conducted by its salaried and commissioned loan personnel. Designated salaried
branch staff originate conforming residential mortgages and receive bonuses based on overall performance.
Additionally, the Bank employs commissioned residential mortgage originators. Commercial lenders receive
salaries and are eligible for bonuses based on individual and overall performance. The Bank purchases whole loans
and participations in loans from banks headquartered in its market and from outside of its market. These loans are
underwritten according to the Bank’s underwriting criteria and procedures and are generally serviced by the
originating lender under terms of the applicable agreement. The Bank routinely sells newly originated, fixed-rate
residential mortgages in the secondary market. Customer rate locks are offered without charge and rate locked
applications are generally committed for forward sale or hedged with derivative financial instruments to minimize
interest rate risk pending delivery of the loans to the investors. The Bank also sells interest rate derivatives to larger
commercial borrowers desiring to fix their interest rates, and includes these derivatives in its underwriting and
administrative procedures.
The Bank also sells residential mortgages and commercial loan participations on a non-recourse basis. The Bank
issues loan commitments to its prospective borrowers conditioned on the occurrence of certain events. Loan
origination commitments are made in writing on specified terms and conditions and are generally honored for up to
60 days from approval; some commercial commitments are made for longer terms. The Company also monitors
pipelines of loan applications and has processes for issuing letters of interest for commercial loans and pre-
approvals for residential mortgages, all of which are generally conditional on completion of underwriting prior to
the issuance of formal commitments.
The loan policy sets certain limits on concentrations of credit and requires periodic reporting of concentrations to
the Risk Management and Capital Committee. The Bank has heightened monitoring of its 25 largest borrower
relationships. Commercial real estate is generally managed within federal regulatory monitoring guidelines of 300%
of risk based capital for non-owner occupied commercial real estate and 100% for construction loans. The Bank has
hold limits for numerous categories of commercial specialty lending including healthcare, hospitality, designated
franchises, and leasing, as well as hold limits for designated commercial loan participations purchased. In most
cases, these limits are below 100% of risk based capital for all outstanding loans in each monitored category.
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Problem Assets. The Bank prefers to work with borrowers to resolve problems rather than proceeding to
foreclosure. For commercial loans, this may result in a period of forbearance or restructuring of the loan, which is
normally done at current market terms and does not result in a “troubled” loan designation. For residential mortgage
loans, the Bank generally follows FDIC guidelines to attempt a restructuring that will enable owner-occupants to
remain in their home. However, if these processes fail to result in a performing loan, then the Bank generally will
initiate foreclosure or other proceedings no later than the 90th day of a delinquency, as necessary, to minimize any
potential loss. Management reports delinquent loans and non-performing assets to the Board quarterly. Loans are
generally removed from accruing status when they reach 90 days delinquent, except for certain loans which are well
secured and in the process of collection. Loan collections are managed by a combination of the related business
units and the Bank’s special assets group, which focuses on larger, riskier collections and the recovery of purchased
credit deteriorated loans.
Real estate obtained by the Bank as a result of loan collections, including foreclosures, is classified as real estate
owned until sold. When property is acquired it is recorded at fair market value less estimated selling costs at the
date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Holding costs and decreases in fair value after acquisition are
expensed. Interest income that would have been recorded for 2020, if non-accruing loans had been current
according to their original terms, amounted to $6.8 million. Included in the amount is $64 thousand related to
troubled debt restructurings. The amount of interest income on those loans that was recognized in net income in
2020 was $4.8 million. Included in this amount is $27 thousand related to troubled debt restructurings. Interest
income on accruing troubled debt restructurings totaled $1.1 million for 2020. The total carrying value of
troubled debt restructurings was $20.5 million at year-end.
Item 1 - Table 3 - Problem Assets
(In thousands)
Non-accruing loans:
Construction
Commercial multifamily
Commercial real estate owner occupied
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total non-performing loans
Other real estate owned
Repossessed assets
Total non-performing assets
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
$
$
—
757
4,509
29,572
12,441
9,711
2,654
5,304
$
—
811
15,389
1,031
11,218
6,411
1,798
2,982
$
$
150
474
16,555
2,056
6,003
3,394
1,662
2,131
159
263
3,747
2,023
7,314
4,062
3,645
1,686
—
363
2,841
2,136
7,523
4,468
3,192
1,717
$
64,948
$
39,640
$
32,425
$
22,899
$
22,240
149
1,932
—
858
—
1,209
—
1,147
151
—
$
67,029
$
40,498
$
33,634
$
24,046
$
22,391
Total non-performing loans/total loans
Total non-performing assets/total assets
0.80 %
0.52 %
0.42 %
0.31 %
0.36 %
0.28 %
0.28 %
0.21 %
0.34 %
0.24 %
Asset Classification and Delinquencies. The Bank performs an internal analysis of its commercial loan portfolio
and assets to classify such loans and assets in a manner similar to that employed by federal banking regulators.
There are four classifications for loans with higher than normal risk: Loss, Doubtful, Substandard, and Special
Mention. Usually an asset classified as Loss is fully charged-off. Substandard assets have one or more defined
weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured institution will sustain some loss if the
deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful assets have the weaknesses of substandard assets with the additional
characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts,
conditions, and values questionable, and there is a high possibility of loss. Assets that do not currently expose the
insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories, but possess
weaknesses, are designated Special Mention. Please see the additional discussion of non-accruing and potential
problem loans in Item 7 and additional information in notes to the financial statements. Impaired loans acquired in
10
Table of Contents
business combinations are normally rated Substandard or lower and the fair value assigned to such loans at
acquisition includes a component for the possibility of loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans. The Bank’s loan portfolio is regularly reviewed by management to evaluate
the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Prior to 2020, the allowance represented management’s estimate of
inherent incurred losses that are probable and estimable as of the date of the financial statements. The allowance
included a specific component for impaired loans (a “specific loan loss reserve”) and a general component for
portfolios of all outstanding loans (a “general loan loss reserve”). At the time of acquisition, no allowance for loan
losses was assigned to loans acquired in business combinations. These loans were initially recorded at fair value,
including the impact of expected losses, as of the acquisition date. An allowance on such loans was established
subsequent to the acquisition date through the provision for loan losses based on an analysis of factors including
environmental factors.
On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the new loan loss allowance standard based on Current Expected Credit
losses (“CECL”). Under this standard, management makes estimates of future economic conditions over the life of
the loan portfolio and other future conditions and arrives at a reasonable estimate of expected loan losses. The basis
of the allowance changed from an incurred model to an expected model based on this standard. As a result, the
amount of the loan loss allowance and the loan loss provision in 2020 is not comparable to prior years. Also, since
different banks may use different estimates and arrive at different expectations, comparisons between banks are
more difficult. Further, since the accounting is based on future projections our estimates may change significantly
from period to period, the amounts of the allowance and provision may be more volatile than under the previous
model. Further information about the allowance is discussed further in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Management believes that it uses the best information available to establish the allowance. However, future
adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary, and results of operations could be adversely affected
if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making its determinations. There can be no
assurance that the existing allowance for loan losses is adequate or that increases will not be necessary should the
quality of any loan or loan portfolio category deteriorate. Regulatory agencies may require the Bank to make
additional provisions for credit losses based upon judgments different from those of management. Any material
increase in the allowance may adversely affect the Bank’s financial condition and results of operations.
11
Table of Contents
Item 1 - Table 4 - Allowance for Credit Losses
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
2020
$ 63,575
2019
$ 61,469
2018
$ 51,834
2017
$ 43,998
2016
$ 39,308
Impact of ASC 326
25,434
—
—
—
—
Charged-off loans:
Construction
Commercial multifamily
Commercial real estate owner occupied
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total charged-off loans
Recoveries on charged-off loans:
Construction
Commercial multifamily
Commercial real estate owner occupied
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total recoveries
Net loans charged-off
Provision for credit losses
Balance at end of year (1)
$
834
100
8,686
11,653
19,328
2,285
347
2,562
45,795
$
—
100
1,053
307
4,285
1,359
292
609
8,005
37,790
76,083
$ 127,302
$
—
837
5,342
934
24,370
1,180
742
3,149
36,554
$
—
—
160
1,094
1,425
186
47
329
3,241
33,313
35,419
$ 63,575
$
—
32
4,441
3,007
4,795
1,481
1,103
3,152
18,011
$
—
11
68
289
874
191
307
455
2,195
15,816
25,451
$ 61,469
$
—
86
1,041
3,181
4,219
2,033
1,112
2,912
14,584
$
—
59
109
52
432
321
15
407
1,395
13,189
21,025
$ 51,834
$
—
50
841
2,152
5,714
2,926
498
1,845
14,026
$
—
60
211
33
386
306
10
348
1,354
12,672
17,362
$ 43,998
Ratios:
Net charge-offs/average loans
Recoveries/charged-off loans
Net loans charged-off/allowance for credit losses
Non-accrual loans/total loans
0.41 %
17.48
29.69
0.80
0.35 %
8.87
52.40
0.42
0.18 %
12.19
25.73
0.36
0.19 %
9.57
25.44
0.28
0.21 %
9.65
28.80
0.34
Allowance for credit losses/total loans
Allowance for credit losses/non-accruing loans
1.58
196.01
0.67
160.38
0.68
189.57
0.62
226.36
0.67
197.83
(1)
Beginning January 1, 2020, the allowance calculation is based on current expected loss methodology. Prior to January
1, 2020, the allowance calculation was based on the incurred loss model.
12
Table of Contents
The following tables present year-end data for the approximate allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan
categories at the dates indicated (including an apportionment of any unallocated amount). The first table shows for
each category the amount of the allowance allocated to that category as a percentage of the outstanding loans in that
category. The second table shows the allocated allowance together with the percentage of loans in each category to
total loans. Management believes that the allowance can be allocated by category only on an approximate basis. The
allocation of the allowance to each category is not indicative of future losses and does not restrict the use of any of
the allowance to absorb losses in any category. Due to the impact of accounting standards for acquired loans, data in
the accompanying tables may not be comparable between accounting periods.
Item 1 - Table 5A - Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses by Category (as of year-end)
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Percent
Allocated
to Total
Loans in
Each
Category
Amount
Allocated
Percent
Allocated
to Total
Loans in
Each
Category
Amount
Allocated
Percent
Allocated
to Total
Loans in
Each
Category
Amount
Allocated
Percent
Allocated
to Total
Loans in
Each
Category
Amount
Allocated
Percent
Allocated
to Total
Loans in
Each
Category
Amount
Allocated
$ 5,111
1.1 % $ 2,713
0.6 % $ 2,030
0.6 % $ 1,993
0.5 % $ 2,104
0.6 %
1.2
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.5
2.2
2.7
4,413
4,880
16,344
20,099
9,970
1,470
3,686
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.1
0.4
0.4
0.8
4,312
5,083
12,940
17,558
11,659
1,772
6,115
0.8
0.9
0.7
0.9
0.4
0.5
0.9
3,389
4,847
10,000
14,975
10,466
1,224
4,940
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.9
0.5
0.3
0.8
2,790
4,865
8,690
10,597
8,906
1,776
4,270
0.8
0.8
0.7
1.0
0.4
0.5
0.8
(Dollars in thousands)
Construction
Commercial multifamily
5,916
Commercial real estate owner occupied
12,380
Commercial real estate non-owner
occupied
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
35,850
25,013
28,491
6,482
8,059
Total (1)
(1)
$ 127,302
1.6 % $ 63,575
0.7 % $ 61,469
0.7 % $ 51,834
0.6 % $ 43,998
0.7 %
Beginning January 1, 2020, the allowance calculation is based on current expected loss methodology. Prior to January
1, 2020, the allowance calculation was based on the incurred loss model.
Item 1 - Table 5B - Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses (as of year-end)
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Percent
of
Loans in
Each
Category
to Total
Loans
Amount
Allocated
Percent
of
Loans in
Each
Category
to Total
Loans
Amount
Allocated
Percent
of
Loans in
Each
Category
to Total
Loans
Amount
Allocated
Percent
of
Loans in
Each
Category
to Total
Loans
Amount
Allocated
Percent
of
Loans in
Each
Category
to Total
Loans
5.6 % $ 2,713
4.7 % $ 2,030
4.1 % $ 1,993
4.6 % $ 2,104
5.4 %
6.0
6.8
26.2
24.0
23.9
3.7
3.8
4,413
4,880
16,344
20,099
9,970
1,470
3,686
6.7
7.1
4,312
5,083
6.1
6.2
3,389
4,847
6.0
7.8
2,790
4,865
23.0
19.4
30.0
4.0
5.1
12,940
17,558
11,659
1,772
6,115
20.4
21.6
30.2
4.2
7.2
10,000
14,975
10,466
1,224
4,940
20.5
21.0
27.3
4.9
7.9
8,690
10,597
8,906
1,776
4,270
5.3
9.1
19.1
15.9
31.3
5.5
8.4
Amount
Allocated
$ 5,111
5,916
12,380
35,850
25,013
28,491
6,482
8,059
$ 127,302
100.0 % $ 63,575
100.0 % $ 61,469
100.0 % $ 51,834
100.0 % $ 43,998
100.0 %
(Dollars in thousands)
Construction
Commercial multifamily
Commercial real estate owner occupied
Commercial real estate non-owner
occupied
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total (1)
(1)
Beginning January 1, 2020, the allowance calculation is based on current expected loss methodology. Prior to January
1, 2020, the allowance calculation was based on the incurred loss model.
13
Table of Contents
INVESTMENT SECURITIES ACTIVITIES
The securities portfolio provides cash flow to protect the safety of customer deposits and as a potential source of
liquidity. The portfolio is also used to manage interest rate risk and to earn a reasonable return on investment.
Decisions are made in accordance with the Company’s investment policy and include consideration of risk, return,
duration, and portfolio concentrations. Day-to-day oversight of the portfolio rests with the Chief Financial Officer
and the Treasurer. The Enterprise Risk Management/Asset-Liability Committee meets multiple times each quarter
and reviews investment strategies. The Risk Management and Capital Committee of the Board of Directors provides
general oversight of the investment function.
The Company has historically maintained a high-quality portfolio of managed duration mortgage-backed securities,
together with a portfolio of municipal bonds including national and local issuers and local economic development
bonds issued to non-profit organizations. Nearly all of the mortgage-backed securities are issued by Ginnie Mae,
Fannie Mae, or Freddie Mac, consisting principally of collateralized mortgage obligations (generally consisting of
planned amortization class bonds and pass-through securities). Other than securities issued by the above agencies,
no other issuer concentrations exceeding 10% of stockholders’ equity existed at year-end 2020. The municipal
portfolio provides tax-advantaged yield, and the local economic development bonds were originated by the
Company to area borrowers. The Company invests in investment grade corporate bonds and Agency commercial
mortgage-backed securities. Purchases of non-investment grade fixed-income securities have consisted primarily of
capital instruments issued by local and regional financial institutions. The Company also invests in funds financing
community reinvestment projects. The Bank owns restricted equity in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston
(“FHLBB”) based on its operating relationship with the FHLBB. The Company owns an interest rate swap against a
tax advantaged economic development bond issued to a local not-for-profit organization, and as a result this security
is carried as a trading account security. The Company generally designates debt securities as available for sale, but
sometimes designates longer-duration municipal and other securities as held to maturity based on its intent. This
also allows the Company to more effectively manage the potential impact of longer-duration, fixed-rate securities
on stockholders' equity in the event of rising interest rates.
14
Table of Contents
The following tables present the year-end amortized cost and fair value of the Company's securities, by type of
security, for the three years indicated.
Item 1 - Table 6A Amortized Cost and Fair Value of Securities
(In thousands)
Securities available for sale
Municipal bonds and obligations
Mortgage-backed securities
Other bonds and obligations
Total securities available for sale
Securities held to maturity
Municipal bonds and obligations
Mortgage-backed securities
Tax advantaged economic development
bonds
Other bonds and obligations
Total securities held to maturity
Trading account security
Marketable equity securities
Restricted equity securities
2020
2019
2018
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
$
90,273 $
97,803 $
111,207
1,160,130
128,310
$ 1,653,977 $ 1,695,232 $ 1,297,339 $ 1,311,555 $ 1,421,273 $ 1,399,647
1,043,652
157,765
1,182,552
129,073
1,037,205
155,809
1,483,608
113,821
1,452,526
111,178
104,325 $
110,138 $
109,648 $
$
246,520 $
214,907
266,626 $
221,472
252,936 $
86,291
266,026 $
89,191
264,524 $
89,273
264,492
88,442
$
$
3,369
295
465,091 $
3,462
295
491,855 $
18,456
296
357,979 $
17,764
296
373,277 $
19,718
248
373,763 $
18,042
248
371,224
8,655 $
18,061
34,873
9,708 $
18,513
34,873
9,390 $
37,138
48,019
10,769 $
41,556
48,019
10,090 $
55,471
77,344
11,212
56,638
77,344
Item 1 - Table 6B - Amortized Cost and Fair Value of Securities
(In thousands)
U.S. Treasuries, other Government agencies
and corporations
Municipal bonds and obligations and
tax advantaged securities
Other
Total Securities
2020
2019
2018
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
$ 1,685,494 $ 1,723,593 $ 1,160,634 $ 1,174,399 $ 1,327,296 $ 1,305,210
348,817
146,346
404,953
205,902
$ 2,180,657 $ 2,250,181 $ 1,749,865 $ 1,785,176 $ 1,937,941 $ 1,916,065
377,599
148,989
385,107
204,124
404,697
206,080
403,980
206,665
The schedule includes available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, as well as the trading security, marketable
equity securities, and restricted equity securities.
15
Table of Contents
The following table summarizes year-end 2020 amortized cost, weighted average yields, and contractual maturities
of debt securities. Yields are shown on a fully taxable equivalent basis. A significant portion of the mortgage-based
securities are planned amortization class bonds. Their expected durations are 3-5 years at current interest rates, but
the contractual maturities shown reflect the underlying maturities of the collateral mortgages. Additionally, the
mortgage-based securities maturities shown below are based on final maturities and do not include scheduled
amortization. Yields include amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts.
Item 1 - Table 7 - Weighted Average Yield
One Year or Less
More than One
Year to Five Years
More than Five Years
to Ten Years
More than Ten Years
Total
Amortized
Cost
Weighted
Average
Yield
Amortized
Cost
Weighted
Average
Yield
Amortized
Cost
Weighted
Average
Yield
Amortized
Cost
Weighted
Average
Yield
Amortized
Cost
Weighted
Average
Yield
$
4.1
4.0 % $
7.0
4.0 % $
37.6
5.0 % $
288.1
4.0 % $
336.8
5.0 %
—
— %
11.2
2.0 %
154.6
2.0 % 1,501.6
2.0 % 1,667.4
2.0 %
31.1
35.2
$
— %
0.6 % $
4.4
22.6
5.0 %
3.5 % $
53.3
245.5
26.0
5.0 %
3.3 % $ 1,815.7
114.8
3.0 %
2.2 % $ 2,119.0
3.0 %
2.3 %
(In millions)
Municipal bonds
and obligations
Mortgage-backed
securities
Other bonds and
obligations
Total
DEPOSIT ACTIVITIES AND OTHER SOURCES OF FUNDS
Deposits are the major source of funds for the Bank’s lending and investment activities. Deposit accounts are the
primary product and service interaction with the Bank’s customers. The Bank serves personal, commercial, non-
profit, and municipal deposit customers. Most of the Bank’s deposits are generated from the areas surrounding its
branch offices. The Bank offers a wide variety of deposit accounts with a range of interest rates and terms. The
Bank also periodically offers promotional interest rates and terms for limited periods of time. The Bank’s deposit
accounts consist of demand deposits (non-interest-bearing checking), NOW (interest-bearing checking), regular
savings, money market savings, and time certificates of deposit. The Bank emphasizes its transaction deposits –
checking and NOW accounts – for personal accounts and checking accounts promoted to businesses. These
accounts have the lowest marginal cost to the Bank and are also often a core account for a customer relationship.
The Bank offers a courtesy overdraft program to improve customer service, and also provides debit cards and other
electronic fee producing payment services to transaction account customers. The Bank offers targeted online and
mobile deposit account opening capabilities for personal accounts. The Bank promotes remote deposit capture
devices so that commercial accounts can make deposits from their place of business. Additionally, the Bank offers a
variety of retirement deposit accounts to personal and business customers. Deposit related fees are a significant
source of fee income to the Bank, including overdraft and interchange fees related to debit card usage. Deposit
service fee income also includes other miscellaneous transactions and convenience services sold to customers
through the branch system as part of an overall service relationship. The Bank offers compensating balance
arrangements for larger business customers as an alternative to fees charged for checking account services.
Berkshire’s Business Connection is a personal financial services benefit package designed for the employees of its
business customers. In addition to providing service through its branches, Berkshire provides services to deposit
customers through its private bankers, MyBankers, commercial/small business relationship managers, and call
center representatives. Commercial cash management services are an important commercial service offered to
commercial and governmental depositors and a fee income source to the bank. The Bank also operates a
commercial payment processing business that serves regional and national payroll service bureau customers. Online
banking and mobile banking functionality is increasingly important as a component of deposit account access and
service delivery. The Bank is also gradually deploying its MyTeller video tellers to complement and extend its
service capabilities in its branches.
The Company also is monitoring the development of payment services which are growing in their importance in the
personal and commercial deposit markets.
16
Table of Contents
The following table presents information concerning average balances and weighted average interest rates on the
Bank’s interest-bearing deposit accounts for the years indicated.
Item 1 - Table 8 - Average Balance and Weighted Average Rates for Deposits
2020
Percent
of Total
Average
Deposits
Weighted
Average
Rate
Average
Balance
2019
Percent
of Total
Average
Deposits
Weighted
Average
Rate
Average
Balance
2018
Percent
of Total
Average
Deposits
Weighted
Average
Rate
23 %
— % $ 1,745.2
18 %
— % $ 1,622.4
19 %
— %
12
26
9
30
0.3
0.6
0.1
1.7
1,053.9
2,542.6
798.2
3,754.2
11
26
8
37
0.6
1.2
0.2
2.0
824.7
2,432.2
740.8
3,075.5
9
28
9
35
0.5
0.9
0.2
1.7
Average
Balance
$ 2,324.6
1,216.6
2,713.6
914.1
3,102.9
$ 10,271.8
100 %
0.7 % $ 9,894.1
100 %
1.2 % $ 8,695.6
100 %
0.9 %
(In millions)
Demand
NOW and other
Money market
Savings
Time
Total
At year-end 2020, the Bank had time deposit accounts in amounts of $100 thousand or more maturing as follows:
Item 1 - Table 9 - Maturity of Deposits >$100,000
Maturity Period
(In thousands)
Three months or less
Over 3 months through 6 months
Over 6 months through 12 months
Over 12 months
Total
Amount
Weighted Average
Rate
$
458,997
337,721
359,777
565,266
1.46 %
1.14
1.13
1.26
$
1,721,761
1.26 %
The Bank’s deposits are insured by the FDIC. The Bank utilizes brokered time deposits to broaden its funding base,
augment its interest rate risk management vehicles, and to support loan growth. The Bank also offers brokered
reciprocal money market arrangements to provide additional deposit protection to certain large commercial and
institutional accounts. These balances are viewed as part of overall relationship balances with regional customers.
Brokered deposits are sourced through selected Board approved brokers; these deposits are viewed as potentially
more volatile than other deposits and are managed as a component of the Bank's liquidity policies.
The Company also uses borrowings from the FHLBB as an additional source of funding, particularly for daily cash
management and for funding longer duration assets. FHLBB advances also provide more pricing and option
alternatives for particular asset/liability needs. The FHLBB functions as a central reserve bank providing credit for
member institutions. As an FHLBB member, the Company is required to own capital stock of the organization.
Borrowings from this institution are secured by a blanket lien on most of the Bank’s mortgage loans and mortgage-
related securities, as well as certain other assets. Advances are made under several different credit programs with
different lending standards, interest rates, and range of maturities.
The Company had a $15 million trust preferred obligation and a $7 million trust preferred obligation outstanding, as
well as $74 million in senior subordinated notes at year-end 2020. The Company’s common stock is listed on the
New York Stock Exchange. Subject to certain limitations, the Company can also choose to issue common stock,
preferred stock, subordinated debt, or senior debt in public stock offerings or private placements. In 2020, the
Company renewed its universal securities shelf registration with the SEC to facilitate potential future capital
issuances. The Company has maintained a shelf registration as part of its routine capital management for many
years.
17
Table of Contents
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company offers interest rate swaps to commercial loan customers who wish to fix the interest rates on their
loans, and the Company backs these swaps with offsetting swaps with national bank counterparties. With other
lending institutions, the Company engages in risk participation agreements. These arrangements are structured
similarly to its swaps with commercial borrowers, but a different bank is the lead underwriter. The Company gets
paid a fee to take on the risk associated with having to make the lead bank whole on Berkshire’s portion of the pro-
rated swap should the borrower default. These swaps are designated as economic hedges. Interest rate swaps that
meet certain criteria to be viewed as conforming are required to be cleared through exchanges. The Bank has
designated a national financial institution as its clearing agent.
The Company’s mortgage banking activities result in derivatives. Commitments to lend are provided on
applications for residential mortgages intended for resale and are accounted for as non-hedging derivatives. The
Company arranges offsetting forward sales commitments for most of these rate-locks with national bank
counterparties, which are designated as economic hedges. Commitments on applications intended to be held for
investment are not accounted for as derivative financial instruments. The Company has a policy for managing its
derivative financial instruments, and the policy and program activity are overseen by the Risk Management and
Capital Committee. Derivative financial instruments with counterparties which are not customers are limited to a
select number of national financial institutions. Collateral may be required based on financial condition tests. The
Company works with third-party firms which assist in marketing derivative transactions, executing transactions, and
providing information for bookkeeping and accounting purposes.
The Company sometimes uses interest rate swap instruments for its own account to fix the interest rate on some of
its borrowings, all of which have been designated as cash flow hedges. The Company also has begun offering
forward foreign exchange derivatives to its commercial markets as part of its expanded international banking
services. The Company expects to back these forwards with offsetting forwards with national bank counterparties.
This activity would be targeted to support routine commercial needs of customers engaged in international trading
activities and would only be offered for bank approved currencies and durations.
LIBOR BASED INSTRUMENTS
The Company’s floating-rate funding, certain hedging transactions and certain of the Company’s products, such as
floating-rate loans and mortgages, determine the applicable interest rate or payment amount by reference to a
benchmark rate, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), or to an index, currency, basket or other
financial metric. LIBOR and certain other benchmark rates are the subject of recent national, international, and
other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. In July 2017, the Chief Executive of the Financial Conduct
Authority (“FCA”) announced that the FCA intends to stop persuading or compelling its panel banks to submit rates
for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021.
The Company has approximately 950 commercial loans with a total balance of $2.6 billion with the contract interest
rate tied to LIBOR. Additionally, the Company has approximately 500 interest rate swap contracts with a notional
value of approximately $3.8 billion, including customer, dealer, and risk participation agreements. Many of these
interest rate swap contracts are associated with the LIBOR based commercial loans.
The Company established an enterprise-wide LIBOR transition committee in 2019. The committee has assessed the
on and off-balance sheet products that will be impacted with the LIBOR transition. The areas with the most impact
are LIBOR based interest rate swaps and commercial loans that utilize LIBOR as the indexed rate. During 2019
revised LIBOR fallback language was added to all new Commercial loan contracts that contemplated the use of
LIBOR as an index rate. An impact assessment has been completed to identify further exposures, such as systems,
processes, and models affected by the discontinuation of LIBOR. The Company continues to develop and execute
plans to transition products associated with LIBOR to alternative reference rates.
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WEALTH MANAGEMENT SERVICES
The Company’s Wealth Management Group provides consultative investment management, trust administration,
and financial planning to individuals, businesses, and institutions, with an emphasis on personal investment
management. The Wealth Management Group has built a track record over more than a decade with its dedicated
in-house investment management team. The Bank also provides a full line of investment products, financial
planning, and brokerage services through BerkshireBanc Investment Services utilizing Commonwealth Financial
Network as the broker/dealer. The Bank is integrating with its growing private banking and MyBanker teams to
further develop wealth management account generation.
INSURANCE
As an independent insurance agent, the Berkshire Insurance Group represents a carefully selected group of
financially sound, reputable insurance companies offering attractive coverage at competitive prices. The Insurance
Group offers a full line of personal and commercial property and casualty insurance. It also offers employee benefits
insurance and a full line of personal life, health, and financial services insurance products. Berkshire Insurance
Group operates a focused cross-sell program of insurance and banking products through all offices and branches of
the Bank with some of the Group’s offices located within the Bank’s branches. The Group’s principal operations are
in Western New England, and also provides its services in the Company’s other regions. The Group focuses on the
Bank’s distribution channels in order to broaden its retail and commercial customer base.
HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Berkshire’s people are the core of its ability to deliver on its strategic objectives, just as they have been for 175
years. The Company’s approach to human capital management is grounded in its Be FIRST values. It focuses on
strong oversight, talent acquisition, development, engagement, retention, and offering a competitive benefits
package. The Board of Directors has ultimate responsibility for the strategy of the Company. The Compensation
Committee of the Board of Directors oversees executive compensation matters and the Corporate Responsibility &
Culture committee oversees company culture, diversity, and employee engagement. The Company further enhanced
this oversight in 2020 by appointing an experienced human resources leader to Executive Vice President Chief
Human Resources & Culture Officer.
Talent acquisition is the first step to ensuring Berkshire has employees with the right mix of skills and experiences.
The Company leverages internship placements, affinity group relationships, and the use of experienced recruiters
for key management and specialized positions. After hiring, employees’ undergo an onboarding journey including
attending a virtual new hire orientation. Throughout an employees’ career Berkshire focus on development as the
Company believes it’s a critical factor to long-term retention. In 2020, the Company launched a new mentoring
program to pair high potential junior employees with senior staff to build on existing development opportunities.
The Company reskilled and upskilled employees from across the bank to assist in government relief programs such
as the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program (“ PPP") and for employees looking to expand their professional
experience in the classroom, the Company offers an education assistance program.
Berkshire continually evaluates its strategies and looks at best practices to provide competitive pay and benefits
packages. All of Berkshire’s benefits are available to married same-sex or different-sex couples as well as domestic
partners. In 2020, the Company completed a salary survey to ensure pay and performance measures aligned with the
markets it serves and a pay equity analysis to ensure that all employees, regardless of gender and ethnicity, in
comparable roles are compensated equitably. Berkshire was listed in the Bloomberg Gender-Equality Index for the
second consecutive year in recognition of its work and achieved a perfect score on the Human Rights Campaign
Corporate Equality Index for the first time.
Berkshire employees' health, safety, and economic stability has and continues to be a priority as the Company
continues to navigate the global COVID-19 pandemic. Berkshire suspended non-essential business travel and
accelerated its ongoing Work from Home initiative to swiftly, safely and securely move 86% of non-branch staff to
a fully remote environment. The Company provided protective equipment to front-line employees, including masks
and gloves, and offered all additional paid sick time, paid quarantine/isolation leave, job protected personal leave,
flexible work schedules for remote employees, premium pay for onsite employees and maintained full pay for
employees with reduced schedules, as a result of the pandemic. Berkshire enhanced support through its Employee
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Assistance Program and launched the You FIRST Fund to help employees impacted by personal financial hardships.
As a result of Berkshire’s collective actions, there were no bank related pandemic layoffs in 2020 and the Company
instituted a special compensation program for employees assisting with government relief programs.
Human Capital*
Total Full Time Equivalent
Voluntary Retention Rate
1,505
85 %
*All metrics reported are as of or for the year-ended December 31, 2020.
DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION
Berkshire’s journey to build a more diverse, equitable, and inclusive company is grounded in its Be FIRST values.
The Company’s goal is to build a workplace that reflects its communities' unique diversity and creates wealth in
underrepresented neighborhoods across its footprint. The Company focuses on its governance practices, employee
education, talent acquisition & workplace culture, supplier diversity, and product and service offerings. A collection
of governance practices serve as the foundation, ensuring the appropriate oversight. The Corporate Responsibility &
Culture Committee of the Board of Directors has ultimate responsibility for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Program performance and ensuring Management creates a workplace culture consistent with its Be FIRST values.
The Company’s Diversity & Inclusion Employee Committee, which reports up to the Corporate Responsibility &
Culture Committee, focuses on the diversity and inclusion strategy. The committee consists of employees from
throughout the business and works to develop and execute goals, strategies, and tactics and monitor progress.
The Company offers seven Employee Resource Groups each of whom play an integral role for employees and the
culture of the company. Each Employee Resource Group provides a safe space for dialogue, education, and
collective action on topics relevant to their mission. These groups continue to help the company facilitate important
cultural shifts, update policies, host important cultural heritage events, and attend affinity group job fairs. In 2020,
the Company rolled out a new suite of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion trainings. In addition, it continues to develop
deeper partnerships with colleges, affinity groups and non-profit organizations to expand its networks beyond those
traditionally touched by the banking industry. The Company leverages internal expertise and experienced external
recruitment professionals to ensure it receives candidate pools that reflect the rural and urban communities where it
operates. In addition, the Company regularly reviews the gender and ethnic diversity of its workforce at the
employee, manager and executive management level.
Diversity & Inclusion*
*All metrics reported are as of December 31, 2020.
Percent of women in workforce
Percent of ethnic minorities in workforce
Percent disabled in workforce
68 %
14 %
2 %
Additional information on Berkshire’s Culture, Human Capital and Diversity, Equity & Inclusion practices can be
found in the Company’s annual Corporate Responsibility Report at www.berkshirebank.com/csr, which details the
company's environmental, social, governance, and cultural programs.
SUBSIDIARY ACTIVITIES
The Company wholly-owns two active consolidated subsidiaries: the Bank and Berkshire Insurance Group, Inc. The
Bank operates as a commercial bank under a Massachusetts trust company charter. Berkshire Insurance Group is
incorporated in Massachusetts. Berkshire Bank owns Firestone Financial, LLC which is a Massachusetts limited
liability company, as well as consolidated subsidiaries operated as Massachusetts securities corporations and other
subsidiary entities. The Company also owns all of the common stock of Delaware statutory business trusts,
Berkshire Hills Capital Trust I and SI Capital Trust II. The capital trusts are unconsolidated and their only material
assets are trust preferred securities related to the junior subordinated debentures reported in the Company’s
Consolidated Financial Statements. Additional information about the subsidiaries is contained in Exhibit 21 to this
report.
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REGULATION AND SUPERVISION
The Company is a Delaware corporation and a bank holding company that has elected financial holding company
status within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. As such, it is registered with,
supervised by and required to comply with the rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal
Reserve Board requires the Company to file various reports and also conducts examinations of the Company. The
Company must receive the approval of the Federal Reserve Board to engage in certain transactions, such as
acquisitions of additional banks and savings associations.
The Bank is a Massachusetts-chartered trust company and its deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the
FDIC. The Bank was previously a Massachusetts-chartered savings bank and converted to a Massachusetts-
chartered trust company in July 2014. The Bank is subject to extensive regulation by the Massachusetts
Commissioner of Banks (the “Commissioner”), as its chartering agency, and by the FDIC, as its deposit insurer. The
Bank is required to file reports with the Commissioner and the FDIC concerning its activities and financial
condition in addition to obtaining regulatory approvals prior to entering into certain transactions such as mergers
with, or acquisitions of, other depository institutions or branches of other institutions. The Commissioner and the
FDIC conduct periodic examinations to test the Bank’s safety and soundness and compliance with various
regulatory requirements. The regulatory structure gives the regulatory authorities extensive discretion in connection
with supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies, including policies with respect to the
classification of assets and the establishment of adequate loan loss reserves for regulatory purposes. Any change in
such regulatory requirements and policies, whether by the Commissioner, the Massachusetts legislature, the FDIC,
the Federal Reserve Board, or Congress, could have a material adverse impact on the Company, the Bank, and their
operations.
Certain regulatory requirements applicable to the Company are referred to below. The description of statutory
provisions and regulations applicable to financial institutions and their holding companies set forth in this Form 10-
K does not purport to be a complete description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on the Company
and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual laws and regulations.A summary of the regulatory
requirements referred to below is as follows:
Federal Regulations
Enforcement
• Massachusetts Banking Laws and Supervision
•
•
• Holding Company Regulation
• Mergers and Acquisitions
• Other Regulations
•
Taxation
Massachusetts Banking Laws and Supervision
General. As a Massachusetts-chartered depository institution, the Bank is subject to various Massachusetts statutes
and regulations which govern, among other things, investment powers, lending and deposit-taking activities,
borrowings, maintenance of surplus and reserve accounts, distribution of earnings and payment of dividends. In
addition, the Bank is subject to Massachusetts consumer protection and civil rights laws and regulations. The
approval of the Commissioner is required for a Massachusetts-chartered institution to establish or close branches,
merge with other financial institutions, issue stock, and undertake certain other activities.
Massachusetts law and regulations generally allow Massachusetts institutions to engage in activities permissible for
federally chartered banks or banks chartered by another state. There is a 30-day notice procedure to the
Commissioner in order to engage in such activities. Massachusetts law also authorized Massachusetts institutions to
engage in activities determined to be “financial in nature,” or incidental or complementary to such a financial
activity, subject to a 30-day notice to the Commissioner.
Dividends. Under Massachusetts law, the Bank may declare cash dividends from net profits not more frequently
than quarterly and non-cash dividends at any time. No dividends may be declared, credited, or paid if the
institution’s capital stock is impaired. An institution with outstanding preferred stock may not, without the prior
approval of the Commissioner, declare dividends to the common stock without also declaring dividends to the
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preferred stock. The approval of the Commissioner is generally required if the total of all dividends declared in any
calendar year exceeds the total of its net profits for that year combined with its retained “net profits,” as defined, of
the preceding two years. The approval of both the Commissioner and the FDIC is required for the Bank to pay a
dividend from its surplus account, which would currently be the case as to any Bank dividend to the Company.
Loans to One Borrower Limitations. Massachusetts banking law grants broad lending authority. However, with
certain limited exceptions, total obligations of one borrower to an institution may not exceed 20.0% of the total of
the institution’s capital, which is defined under Massachusetts law as the sum of the institution’s capital stock,
surplus account and undivided profits.
Investment Activities. In general, Massachusetts-chartered institutions may invest in preferred and common stock of
any corporation organized under the laws of the United States or any state provided such investments do not involve
control of any corporation and do not, in the aggregate, exceed 4.0% of the bank’s deposits. Massachusetts-
chartered institutions may also invest an amount equal to 1.0% of their deposits in stocks of Massachusetts
corporations or companies with substantial employment in Massachusetts which have pledged to the Commissioner
that such monies will be used for further development within the Commonwealth. However, these powers are
constrained by federal law, which generally limit the activities and equity investments of state banks to those
permitted for national banks.
Regulatory Enforcement Authority. Any Massachusetts-chartered institution that does not operate in accordance
with the regulations, policies, and directives of the Commissioner may be sanctioned for non-compliance, including
seizure of the property and business of the institution and suspension or revocation of its charter. The Commissioner
may, under certain circumstances, suspend or remove officers or directors who have violated the law, conducted the
institution’s business in a manner which is unsafe, unsound or contrary to the depositors’ interests, or been negligent
in the performance of their duties. In addition, upon finding that an institution has engaged in an unfair or deceptive
act or practice, the Commissioner may issue an order to cease and desist and impose a fine on the institution
concerned. Finally, Massachusetts consumer protection and civil rights statutes applicable to the Bank permit
private individual and class action lawsuits and provide for the rescission of consumer transactions, including loans,
and the recovery of statutory and punitive damage and attorney’s fees in the case of certain violations of those
statutes.
Massachusetts has other statutes or regulations that are similar to the federal provisions discussed below.
Federal Regulations
Capital Requirements. Federal regulations require FDIC insured depository institutions to meet several minimum
capital standards: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based
assets ratio of 6.0%, a total capital to risk-based assets of 8.0%, and a 4.0% Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage
ratio. The existing capital requirements were effective January 1, 2015 and are the result of a final rule
implementing regulatory amendments based on recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
and certain requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act.
Common equity Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common stockholders’ equity and retained earnings. Tier 1
capital is generally defined as common equity Tier 1 and additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital includes
certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of
consolidated subsidiaries. Total capital includes Tier 1 capital (common equity Tier 1 capital plus additional Tier 1
capital) and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital is comprised of capital instruments and related surplus, meeting specified
requirements, and may include cumulative preferred stock and long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory
convertible securities, intermediate preferred stock and subordinated debt. Also included in Tier 2 capital is the
allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and, for institutions that
have exercised an opt-out election regarding the treatment of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”),
up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market
values. The Bank chose the opt-out election. Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions
and adjustments specified in the regulations, including adjustments for goodwill and other intangible assets.
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In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets for purposes of calculating risk-based capital ratios, all assets,
including certain off-balance sheet assets (e.g., recourse obligations, direct credit substitutes, residual interests) are
multiplied by a risk weight factor assigned by the regulations based on the risks believed inherent in the type of
asset. Higher levels of capital are required for asset categories believed to present greater risk. For example, a risk
weight of 0% is assigned to cash and U.S. government securities, a risk weight of 50% is generally assigned to
prudently underwritten first lien one to four-family residential mortgages, a risk weight of 100% is assigned to
commercial and consumer loans, a risk weight of 150% is assigned to certain past due loans and a risk weight of
between 0% and 600% is assigned to permissible equity interests, depending on certain specified factors. In addition
to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain
discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer”
consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted asset above the amount necessary to meet its
minimum risk-based capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer was phased in beginning January 1, 2016
at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and increasing each year until fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019.
In assessing an institution’s capital adequacy, the FDIC takes into consideration not only these numeric factors, but
qualitative factors as well, and has the authority to establish higher capital requirements for individual institutions
where deemed necessary. As a bank holding company, the Company is also subject to regulatory capital
requirements, as described in a subsequent section.
Interstate Banking and Branching. Federal law permits an institution, such as the Bank, to acquire another
institution by merger in a state other than Massachusetts unless the other state has opted out. Federal law, as
amended by the Dodd-Frank Act, authorizes de novo branching into another state to the extent that the target state
allows its state chartered banks to establish branches within its borders. As of December 31, 2020, the Bank
operated branches in New York, Vermont, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania as well as Massachusetts. At
its interstate branches, the Bank may conduct any activity authorized under Massachusetts law that is permissible
either for an institution chartered in that state (subject to applicable federal restrictions) or a branch in that state of
an out-of-state national bank. The New York State Superintendent of Banks, the Vermont Commissioner of
Banking and Insurance, the Connecticut Commissioner of Banking, the New Jersey Commissioner of Banking and
Insurance, the Pennsylvania Secretary of Banking and Securities, and the Director of the Rhode Island Department
of Business Regulation may exercise certain regulatory authority over the Bank’s branches in their respective states.
Prompt Corrective Regulatory Action. Federal law requires that federal bank regulatory authorities take “prompt
corrective action” with respect to banks that do not meet minimum capital requirements. For this purpose, the law
establishes three categories of capital deficient institutions: undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and
critically undercapitalized. The FDIC regulations implementing the prompt corrective action law were amended to
incorporate the previously discussed increased regulatory capital standards that were effective January 1, 2015. An
institution is deemed to be “well capitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater, a Tier 1
risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, a leverage ratio of 5.0% or greater, and a common equity Tier 1 ratio of
6.5% or greater. An institution is “adequately capitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater,
a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater, a leverage ratio of 4.0% or greater, and a common equity Tier 1
ratio of 4.5% or greater. An institution is “undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than
8.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a leverage ratio of less than 4.0%, or a common equity Tier
1 ratio of less than 4.5%. An institution is deemed to be “significantly undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based
capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4.0%, a leverage ratio of less than 3.0%,
or a common equity Tier 1 ratio of less than 3.0%. An institution is considered to be “critically undercapitalized” if
it has a ratio of tangible equity (as defined in the regulations) to total assets that is equal to or less than 2.0%.
“Undercapitalized” banks must adhere to growth, capital distribution (including dividend), and other limitations and
are required to submit a capital restoration plan. A bank’s compliance with such plans must be guaranteed by its
holding company in an amount equal to the lesser of 5% of the institution’s total assets when deemed
“undercapitalized” or the amount needed to comply with regulatory capital requirements. If an “undercapitalized”
bank fails to submit an acceptable plan, it is treated as if it is “significantly undercapitalized.” “Significantly
undercapitalized” banks must comply with one or more of a number of additional restrictions, including but not
limited to an order by the FDIC to sell sufficient voting stock to become “adequately capitalized,” requirements to
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reduce assets and cease receipt of deposits from correspondent banks or dismiss directors or officers, and
restrictions on interest rates paid on deposits, compensation of executive officers, and capital distributions by the
holding company. “Critically undercapitalized” institutions must comply with additional sanctions including,
subject to a narrow exception, the appointment of a receiver or conservator within 270 days after it obtains such
status.
At December 31, 2020, the Bank met the criteria for being considered “well capitalized” as defined in the prompt
corrective action regulations.
Transactions with Affiliates and Loans to Insiders. Transactions between depository institutions and their affiliates
are governed by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act. In a holding company context, at a minimum,
the parent holding company of an institution and any companies which are controlled by the holding company are
affiliates of the institution. Generally, Section 23A limits the extent to which the institution or its subsidiaries may
engage in “covered transactions,” such as loans, with any one affiliate to 10% of such institution’s capital stock and
surplus. There is also an aggregate limit on all such transactions with all affiliates to 20% of capital stock and
surplus. Loans to affiliates and certain other specified transactions must comply with specified collateralization
requirements. Section 23B requires that transactions with affiliates be on terms that are no less favorable to the
institution or its subsidiary as similar transactions with non-affiliates.
Federal law also restricts an institution with respect to loans to directors, executive officers, and principal
stockholders (“insiders”). Loans to insiders and their related interests may not exceed, together with all other
outstanding loans to such persons and affiliated entities, the institution’s total capital and surplus. Loans to insiders
above specified amounts must receive the prior approval of the Board of Directors. Further, loans to insiders must
be made on terms substantially the same as offered in comparable transactions to other persons, except that such
insiders may receive preferential loans made under a benefit or compensation program that is widely available to the
institution’s employees and does not give preference to the insider over the employees. Federal law places
additional limitations on loans to executive officers. Massachusetts law previously had a separate law regarding
insider transactions but that law was amended in 2015 to generally incorporate the federal restrictions.
Insurance of Deposit Accounts. The Bank’s deposit accounts are insured by the Deposit Insurance Fund of the
FDIC up to applicable limits. The FDIC insures deposits up to the standard maximum deposit insurance amount
(“SMDIA”) of $250,000.
The FDIC charges insured depository institutions premiums to maintain the Deposit Insurance Fund. The Dodd-
Frank Act required the FDIC to revise its procedures to base its assessments upon each insured institution’s total
assets less tangible equity instead of deposits.
Under the FDIC’s risk-based assessment system, insured institutions are assessed based on perceived risk to the
Deposit Insurance Fund with institutions deemed less risky pay lower FDIC assessments. Assessments for
institutions with $10 billion or more of assets are primarily based on a scorecard approach by the FDIC, including
factors such as examination ratings and modeling measuring the institution’s ability to withstand asset-related and
funding-related stress and potential loss to the Deposit Insurance Fund should the bank fail. The assessment range
(inclusive of possible adjustments specified by the regulations) for institutions with greater than $10 billion of total
assets is 1.5 to 40 basis points. The Dodd-Frank Act required that banks of greater than $10 billion of assets bear the
burden of raising the Deposit Insurance Fund reserve ratio from 1.15% to 1.35%. Such institutions were subject to
an annual surcharge of 4.5 basis points of total assets exceeding $10 billion, effective July 1, 2016. The FDIC
announced in November 2018 that the 1.35% reserve ratio had been reached so that the surcharges would cease. In
2019, the FDIC distributed premium rebates to the Company and other bank peers as a result of having collected
excess premiums in earlier periods. The Deposit Insurance Fund ratio fell to 1.30% as of June 30, 2020 due to
extraordinary deposit growth resulting from economic conditions and government initiatives related to the
COVID-19 pandemic. The FDIC had adopted a restoration plan for the fund to again achieve a 1.35% ratio within
eight years. The current plan does not involve increased assessments or surcharges on insured institutions.
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Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe or
unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law,
regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by a regulator. Management does not know of any practice, condition or
violation that might lead to termination of FDIC deposit insurance.
The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments. A significant increase in insurance premiums would
likely have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Bank. Management cannot
predict what insurance assessment rates will be in the future.
Federal Home Loan Bank System. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank system, which consists
of 12 regional Federal Home Loan Banks that provide a central credit facility primarily for member institutions. The
Bank, as a member, is required to acquire and hold shares of capital stock in the FHLBB.
The Federal Home Loan Banks are required to provide funds for certain purposes including contributing funds for
affordable housing programs. These requirements, and general financial results, could reduce the amount of
dividends that the Federal Home Loan Banks pay to their members and result in the Federal Home Loan Banks
imposing a higher rate of interest on advances to their members. Historically, the FHLBB has paid dividends to
member banks based on money market rates.
Enforcement
The FDIC has primary federal enforcement responsibility over state chartered banks that are not members of
Federal Reserve System, which includes the Bank. The FDIC has authority to bring enforcement actions against
such institutions and their “institution-related parties,” including officers, directors, certain shareholders, and
attorneys, appraisers and accountants who knowingly or recklessly participate in wrongful action likely to have an
adverse effect on an insured institution. Formal enforcement action may range from the issuance of a capital
directive or cease and desist order to removal of officers and/or directors of the institution or receivership or
conservatorship in certain circumstances. Potential civil money penalties cover a wide range of violations and
actions, and range up to $25 thousand per day or, in extreme cases, as high as $1.0 million per day.
Holding Company Regulation
General. The Company is subject to examination, regulation, and periodic reporting as a bank holding company
under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. The Company is required to obtain the prior approval
of the Federal Reserve Board to acquire all, or substantially all, of the assets of any other bank or bank holding
company. Prior Federal Reserve Board approval would be required for the Company to acquire direct or indirect
ownership or control of any voting securities of any bank or bank holding company if, after such acquisition, it
would, directly or indirectly, own or control more than five percent of any class of voting shares of the bank or bank
holding company.
A bank holding company is generally prohibited from engaging in non-banking activities, or acquiring direct or
indirect control of more than five percent of the voting securities of any company engaged in non-banking activities.
The Federal Reserve Board has allowed by regulation some exceptions based on activities closely related to banking
including: (i) making or servicing loans; (ii) performing certain data processing services; (iii) providing discount
brokerage services; (iv) acting as fiduciary, investment or financial advisor; and (v) acquiring a savings and loan
association whose direct and indirect activities are limited to those permitted for bank holding companies.
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 authorized a bank holding company that meets specified conditions,
including being “well capitalized” and “well managed” as defined in the regulations, to opt to become a “financial
holding company” and thereby engage in a broader array of financial activities. Such activities can include
insurance and investment banking. The Company has elected to become a financial holding company.
The Company is subject to the Federal Reserve Board’s capital adequacy requirements for bank holding companies.
The Dodd-Frank Act required the Federal Reserve Board to promulgate consolidated capital requirements for
depository institution holding companies that are no less stringent, both quantitatively and in terms of components
of capital, than those applicable to institutions themselves. The previously discussed final rule regarding regulatory
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capital requirements implemented the Dodd-Frank Act as to bank holding company capital standards. Consolidated
regulatory capital requirements identical to those applicable to the Bank applied to the Company, effective January
1, 2015. As is the case with institutions themselves, the capital conservation buffer was phased in beginning in 2016
and was fully effective on January 1, 2019.
Federal Reserve Board policy requires that a bank holding company serve as a source of financial strength to its
subsidiary banks by standing ready to use available resources to provide adequate capital funds to those banks
during periods of financial stress or adversity and by maintaining the financial flexibility and capital-raising
capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks where necessary. The Dodd-Frank Act
codified the source of strength doctrine.
The Federal Reserve Board has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends and the repurchase of
shares of common stock by bank holding companies. In general, the policy provides that dividends should be paid
only out of current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the holding company appears
consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. Regulatory guidance
provides for prior consultation with and nonobjection of the Federal Reserve Board with respect to dividends in
certain circumstances, such as where the company’s net income for the past four quarters, net of dividends
previously paid over that period, is insufficient to fully fund the dividend or the company’s overall rate of earnings
retention is inconsistent with the company’s capital needs and overall financial condition. Such Federal Reserve
Board consultation and nonobjection was required for certain dividends paid by the Company during 2020. The
ability of a holding company to pay dividends may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized.
Federal regulations require a bank holding company to give the Federal Reserve Board prior written notice of any
repurchase or redemption of then outstanding equity securities if the gross consideration for the repurchase or
redemption, when combined with the net consideration paid for all such repurchases or redemptions during the
preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or more of the company’s consolidated net worth. The Federal Reserve Board
may disapprove such a purchase or redemption under certain circumstances. There is an exception to this approval
requirement for well-capitalized bank holding companies that meet certain other conditions. Federal Reserve policy
provides for regulatory consultation prior to a holding company redeeming or repurchasing regulatory capital
instruments under specified circumstances regardless of the applicability of the previously referenced notification
requirement.
These regulatory policies could affect the ability of the Company to pay dividends, repurchase shares of its stock, or
otherwise engage in capital distributions.
The status of the Company as a registered bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act does not
exempt it from certain federal and state laws and regulations applicable to corporations generally, including, without
limitation, certain provisions of the federal securities laws.
Acquisition of the Company. Under the Change in Bank Control Act, no person may acquire control of a bank
holding company such as the Company unless the Federal Reserve Board has been given 60 days’ prior written
notice and has not issued a notice disapproving the proposed acquisition, taking into consideration certain factors,
including the financial and managerial resources of the acquirer and the competitive effects of the acquisition.
Control, as defined for this purpose, means ownership, control of or holding irrevocable proxies representing more
than 25% of any class of voting stock, control in any manner of the election of a majority of the company’s
directors, or a determination by the regulator that the acquirer has the power to direct, or directly or indirectly to
exercise a controlling influence over, the management or policies of the institution. Acquisition of more than 10%
of any class of a bank holding company’s voting stock constitutes a rebuttable presumption of control under the
regulations under certain circumstances including where, is the case with the Company, the issuer has registered
securities under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
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Massachusetts Holding Company Regulation. In addition to the federal holding company regulations, a bank
holding company organized or doing business in Massachusetts must comply with requirements under
Massachusetts law. Approval of the Massachusetts regulatory authorities is generally required for the Company to
acquire 25 percent or more of the voting stock of another depository institution. Similarly, prior regulatory approval
would be necessary for any person or company to acquire 25 percent or more of the voting stock of the Company.
Mergers and Acquisitions
The Company and the Bank have authority to engage, and have engaged, in acquisitions of other depository
institutions. Such transactions are subject to a variety of conditions including, but not limited to, required
stockholder approvals and the receipt of all necessary regulatory approvals. Necessary regulatory approvals include
those required by the federal Bank Holding Company Act and/or Bank Merger Act, Massachusetts law and, if the
target institution is located in a state other than Massachusetts, the law of that state. When considering merger
applications, the federal regulators must evaluate such factors as the financial and managerial resources and future
prospects of the parties, the convenience and needs of the communities to be served (including performance of the
parties under the Community Reinvestment Act), competitive factors, any risk to the stability of the United States
banking or financial system and the effectiveness of the institutions involved in combating money laundering
activities. Both the Bank Holding Company Act and the Bank Merger Act provide for a waiting period of 15 to 30
days following approval by the federal banking regulator within which the United States Department of Justice may
file objections to the merger under the federal antitrust laws. Massachusetts law requires the Commissioner (or
Board of Bank Incorporation in certain cases) to consider such factors as whether competition among banking
institutions will be unreasonably affected and whether public convenience and advantage will be promoted
(including whether the merger will result in net new benefits).
Other Regulations
Consumer Protection Laws. The Bank is subject to federal and state consumer protection statutes and regulations
applicable to depository institutions. These include the Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms
to consumer borrowers; Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, requiring financial institutions to provide certain
information about home mortgage and refinance loans; the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination
on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit; the Fair Credit Reporting Act, governing
the provision of consumer information to credit reporting agencies and the use of consumer information; the Fair
Debt Collection Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies; and
the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, governing automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and
customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking
services. Since the Bank has exceeded $10 billion of consolidated assets, compliance with such federal consumer
protection statutes and regulations is examined for and enforced by the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau rather
than the FDIC.
The Bank also is subject to Massachusetts and federal laws protecting the confidentiality of consumer financial
records, and limiting the ability of the institution to share non-public personal information with third parties.
The Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) establishes a requirement for federal banking agencies that, in
connection with examinations of depository institutions within their jurisdiction, the agencies evaluate the record of
the depository institutions in meeting the credit needs of their local communities, including low- and moderate-
income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound operation of those institutions. These factors are also
considered in evaluating mergers, acquisitions and applications to open a branch or new facility. Under the CRA,
institutions are assigned a rating of “outstanding,” “satisfactory,” “needs to improve,” or “substantial non-
compliance.” A less than “satisfactory” rating would result in the suspension of any growth of the Bank through
acquisitions or opening de novo branches until the rating is improved. As of the most recent CRA examination by
the FDIC, the Bank’s CRA rating was “satisfactory.”
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Anti-Money Laundering Laws. The Bank is subject to extensive anti-money laundering provisions and
requirements, which require the institution to have in place a comprehensive customer identification program and an
anti-money laundering program and procedures. These laws and regulations also prohibit depository institutions
from engaging in business with foreign shell banks; require depository institutions to have due diligence procedures
and, in some cases, enhanced due diligence procedures for foreign correspondent and private banking accounts; and
improve information sharing between depository institutions and the U.S. government. The Bank has established
policies and procedures intended to comply with these provisions.
Taxation
The Company reports its income on a calendar year basis using the accrual method of accounting. This discussion
of tax matters is only a summary and is not a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to the Company
and its subsidiaries. Further discussion of income taxation is contained in a note to the financial statements. The
federal income tax laws apply to the Company in the same manner as to other corporations with some exceptions.
The Company may exclude from income 100 percent of dividends received from the Bank and from Berkshire
Insurance Group as members of the same affiliated group of corporations. The Company reports income on a
calendar year basis to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Massachusetts tax law generally permits special tax
treatment for a qualifying limited purpose “securities corporation.” The Bank’s securities corporations all qualify
for this treatment, and are taxed at a 1.3% rate on their gross income.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The risks set forth below, in addition to the other risks described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, may
adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, strategic objectives, and operating results. In addition
to the risks set forth below and the other risks described in this annual report, there may be additional risks and
uncertainties that are not currently known to the Company or that the Company currently deems to be immaterial
that could materially and adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, strategic objectives, or
operating results. As a result, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and
historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. Further, to the extent that any of
the information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K constitutes forward-looking statements, the risk
factors set forth below also are cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to
differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company.
The COVID-19 global pandemic affected all aspects of the company’s business in 2020. The event of the
pandemic is discussed in the Operating risk factor below, but it should be understood as affecting the overall risk
environment and risk factors of the Company.
Risk Factors Summary
Lending Risks
• Deterioration in the Housing Sector, Commercial Real Estate, and Related Markets May Adversely Affect
•
Business and Financial Results.
The Company’s Emphasis on Commercial Lending May Expose the Company to Increased Lending Risks,
Which Could Hurt Profits.
• As a Participating Lender in the Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program, the
Company is Subject to Additional Risks of Litigation from Its Customers or Other Parties Regarding Its
Processing of Loans for the Paycheck Protection Program, Which Could Have a Significant Adverse Impact
On Its Business, Financial Position, Results of Operations, and Prospects.
The Company is Subject to a Variety of Risks in Connection With Any Sale of Loans it May Conduct.
The Company is Exposed to Risk of Environmental Liability When It Takes Title to Property.
•
•
Operating Risks
•
•
•
The COVID-19 Pandemic is Adversely Affecting, and Will Likely Continue to Adversely Affect, the
Company’s Business, Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Results of Operations.
The Company is Subject to Security and Operational Risks Relating to the Use of Technology that Could
Damage the Company's Reputation and Business.
The Company Faces Cybersecurity Risks, Including Denial of Service Attacks, Hacking and Identity Theft
that Could Result in the Disclosure of Confidential Information or the Creation of Unauthorized
Transactions, Which Could Adversely Affect the Company’s Business or Reputation and Create Significant
Legal and Financial Exposure.
• Counterparties and Correspondents Expose the Company to Risks.
•
• Development of New Products and Services May Impose Additional Costs on the Company and May
The Company’s Business is Reliant on Outside Vendors.
•
Expose It to Increased Operational Risk.
The Discontinuation of LIBOR and the Emergence of One or More Alternative Benchmark Indices to
Replace LIBOR Could Adversely Impact the Company’s Business and Results of Operations.
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Liquidity Risks
•
•
•
•
The Company's Wholesale Funding Sources May Prove Insufficient to Replace Deposits at Maturity and
Support Operations and Future Growth.
The Company's Ability to Service Our Debt, Pay Dividends, and Otherwise Pay Obligations as They Come
Due Is Substantially Dependent on Capital Distributions from the Bank, and These Distributions Are
Subject to Regulatory Limits and Other Restrictions. The Company’s Stock Repurchase Program is also
Dependent on These Distributions.
The Loss Recorded in 2020 May Have an Adverse Effect on Future Dividend Payments to Common
Shareholders.
Secondary Mortgage Market Conditions Could Have a Material Impact on the Company’s Financial
Condition and Results of Operations.
Interest Rates
• Market Interest Rate Conditions Could Adversely Affect Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
Securities Market Value Risks
• Declines in the Value of Certain Investment Securities Could Require Write-Downs, Which Would Reduce
Earnings.
Regulatory Matters Risks
•
•
Legislative and Regulatory Initiatives May Affect Business Activities and Increase Operating Costs.
Provisions of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, and Delaware Law, as Well as State and
Federal Banking Regulations, Could Delay or Prevent a Takeover of Us by a Third Party.
Significant Accounting Estimates Risks
•
If the Company Determines Intangible Assets to be Impaired, the Company’s Financial Condition and
Results Would Be Negatively Affected.
• Various Factors May Cause Our Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans to Increase.
Trading of the Company's Common Stock
•
The Trading History of the Company’s Common Stock is Characterized By Low Trading Volume. The
Value of Shareholder Investments May be Subject to Sudden Decreases Due to the Volatility of the Price of
the Common Stock.
Lending
Deterioration in the Housing Sector, Commercial Real Estate, and Related Markets May Adversely Affect
Business and Financial Results.
Real estate lending is a major business activity for the Company. Real estate market conditions affect the value and
marketability of real estate collateral, and they also affect the cash flows, liquidity, and net worth of many
borrowers whose operations and finances depend on real estate market conditions. Adverse conditions in the
Company's market areas could reduce growth rates, affect the ability of our customers to repay their loans, and
generally affect the Company's financial condition and results of operations. Potential increases in interest rates
could increase capitalization rates which could adversely affect commercial property appraisals and collateral value.
The Company’s Emphasis on Commercial Lending May Expose the Company to Increased Lending Risks,
Which Could Hurt Profits.
The Company emphasizes commercial lending, which generally exposes the Company to a greater risk of
nonpayment and loss because repayment of such loans often depends on the successful operations and income
stream of the borrowers. Commercial loans are historically more susceptible to delinquency, default, and loss during
economic downturns. Commercial lending involves larger loan sizes and larger relationship exposures, with greater
potential impact on profits in the event of adverse loan performance. The majority of the Company’s commercial
loans are secured by real estate and subject to the previously discussed real estate risk factors, as well as risks
specific to individual properties and property types. Geographic expansion may result in risks not previously
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experienced by the Company or which it is unfamiliar with monitoring or resolving. Recent expansion has been
focused on the Greater Boston market, where the Bank may be financing projects with larger loan amounts and
where the Bank has less experience than in its traditional market areas and where competition may result in different
lending structures.
Commercial lending activities pose higher risk of fraud. In 2019, the Company wrote-off the $16 million balance of
a secured commercial loan in circumstances involving alleged borrower fraud. This asset was a participating interest
in a commercial loan managed by another financial institution. Such participating interests involve risks related to
counterparty performance, as further described in a later risk factor. In the case of this loan, the Company has filed
legal claims against the agent bank in pursuit of the recovery of some of the loss recorded by the Company. The
outcome of such legal proceedings is subject to uncertainty, and the Company has not recognized any such potential
recoveries in its financial records.
As a Participating Lender in the Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program, the Company is
Subject to Additional Risks of Litigation from Its Customers or Other Parties Regarding Its Processing of Loans
for the Paycheck Protection Program, Which Could Have a Significant Adverse Impact On Its Business,
Financial Position, Results of Operations, and Prospects.
The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the economy have led to actions including the enactment of the
Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act, which established the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”)
administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”). Under the PPP, small businesses and other entities
and individuals can apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved lenders that participate in the
program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. The Company is participating as a lender in the
PPP and may be exposed to the risk of litigation. Since the initiation of the PPP, several banks have been subject to
litigation or threatened litigation regarding the process and procedures that such lenders used in processing
applications for the PPP. If any such litigation is filed or threatened and is not resolved in a manner favorable to the
Company, it may result in significant cost or adversely affect our reputation. Any financial liability, litigation costs,
or reputational damage caused by PPP-related litigation could have a material adverse impact on our business,
financial position, results of operations and prospects.
The Company is Subject to a Variety of Risks in Connection With Any Sale of Loans it May Conduct.
In connection with the Company’s sale of one or more loans or loan portfolios, it may make certain representations
and warranties to the purchaser concerning the loans sold and the procedures under which those loans have been
originated and serviced. If any of these representations and warranties are invalid, the Company may be required to
refund premiums, indemnify the purchaser for any related costs or losses, or it may be required to repurchase part or
all of the affected loans, which may be impaired. The Company may also be required to repurchase loans as a result
of borrower fraud or in the event of early payment default by the borrower on a loan it has sold. The Company’s
ability to maintain seller/servicer relationships with government agencies and government backed entities may be
jeopardized in the event of the emergence of one or more of the above risks. Demand for the Company’s loans in
the secondary markets could also be affected by these risks, which could lead to a reduction in related business
activities.
The Company may be required to reduce the value of any loans it marks as held for sale, which could adversely
affect its results of operations. As a result of the Company’s strategic initiatives, the Company sold certain loans
which were previously held for investment and conducted sales with buyers who it had not previously transacted
with.
The Company is Exposed to Risk of Environmental Liability When It Takes Title to Property.
In the course of its business, the Company may foreclose on and take title to real estate. As a result, the Company
could be subject to environmental liabilities with respect to these properties for property damage, personal injury,
investigation and clean-up costs. The costs associated with investigation or remediation activities could be
substantial. The Company may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs
resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the property.
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Operating
The COVID-19 Pandemic is Adversely Affecting, and Will Likely Continue to Adversely Affect, the Company’s
Business, Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Results of Operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the U.S. and global economy; disrupted U.S. and global supply
chains; lowered equity market valuations; created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets;
contributed to a decrease in the rates and yields on U.S. Treasury securities; resulted in ratings downgrades, credit
deterioration, and defaults in many industries; increased demands on capital and liquidity; and dramatically
increased unemployment levels and decreased consumer confidence. In addition, the pandemic has resulted in
temporary closures of many businesses and the institution of social distancing and sheltering in place requirements
in many states and communities, including those in our footprint. The pandemic has caused us, and could continue
to cause us, increases in the Company's allowance for credit losses and subsequent increases in credit losses in our
loan portfolios. Some of the risks the Company faces from the pandemic include, but are not limited to: the health
and availability of our colleagues, the financial condition of our clients and the demand for our products and
services, falling interest rates, recognition of credit losses and increases in the allowance for credit losses, especially
if businesses remain closed or restricted, unemployment continues to rise and clients and customers draw on their
lines of credit or seek additional loans to help finance their businesses, and a significant deterioration of business
conditions in our markets. Furthermore, the pandemic has caused us to recognize impairment of our goodwill and
there could be impairment of our financial assets. Sustained adverse effects may also increase our cost of capital,
prevent us from satisfying our minimum regulatory capital ratios and other supervisory requirements, or result in
downgrades in our credit rating. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, financial
condition, liquidity and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and
cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the continued effectiveness of our business
continuity plan, the direct and indirect impact of the pandemic on our customers, colleagues, counterparties and
service providers, and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic.
Governmental authorities have taken significant measures to provide economic assistance to individual households
and businesses, stabilize the markets, and support economic growth. The success of these measures is unknown, and
they may not be sufficient to mitigate the negative impact of the pandemic. Additionally, some measures, such as a
deferment of loan payments and the significant reduction in interest rates to near zero, will have a negative impact
on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations. We also face an increased risk of litigation
and governmental and regulatory scrutiny as a result of the effects of the pandemic on market and economic
conditions and actions governmental authorities take in response to those conditions.
The length of the pandemic and the effectiveness of the measures being put in place to address it are unknown.
Until the effects of the pandemic subside, we expect continued impacts on liquidity, reduced revenues in our
businesses, and increased customer defaults. Furthermore, the U.S. economy experienced a recession as a result of
the pandemic, and it is probable that our business would be materially and adversely affected if current conditions
do not improve sufficiently. To the extent the pandemic adversely affects our business, financial condition,
liquidity, or results of operations, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Company is Subject to Security and Operational Risks Relating to the Use of Technology that Could
Damage the Company's Reputation and Business.
Security breaches of confidential information in our technology platforms could expose the Company to possible
liability and damage its reputation. Any compromise of data security could also deter customers from using the
Company's services. The Company relies on industry standard internet security and authentication systems to effect
secure transmission of data. These precautions may not protect the Company's security systems from compromises
or breaches and could result in damage to its reputation and business. The Company utilizes third party core
banking software, in addition to other outsourced data processing. If third party providers encounter difficulties or if
the Company has difficulty in communicating and/or transmitting with such third parties, it could significantly
affect its ability to adequately process and account for customer transactions, which could significantly affect its
business operations. The Company interfaces with electronic payments systems which are subject to security and
operational risks. The Company utilizes file encryption in designated internal systems and networks and is subject
to certain state and federal regulations regarding how the Company manages data security. The Company's
enterprise governance risk and compliance function includes a framework of controls, policies and technologies to
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monitor and protect information from cyberattacks, mishandling, and loss, together with safeguards related to the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. Natural disasters and disaster recovery risks could affect
its operating systems, which could affect its reputation. The Company's business continuity program addresses crisis
management, business impact, and data and systems recovery. Potential problems with the management of
technology security and operational risks may affect regulatory compliance, which could affect operating costs and
expansion plans.
The Company Faces Cybersecurity Risks, Including Denial of Service Attacks, Hacking and Identity Theft that
Could Result in the Disclosure of Confidential Information or the Creation of Unauthorized Transactions,
Which Could Adversely Affect the Company’s Business or Reputation and Create Significant Legal and
Financial Exposure.
Banking institutions face increased cybersecurity risks due to the number of employees that are working remotely in
regions impacted by stay-at-home orders. Increased levels of remote access create additional opportunities for
cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities, and employees may be more susceptible to phishing and social engineering
attempts due to work responsibilities at home. In addition, technological resources may be strained due to the
number of remote users. Banking institutions should evaluate their cybersecurity risks in light of these issues and
update their existing risk factors for any material changes or developments
The Company’s computer systems and network infrastructure are subject to security risks and could be susceptible
to cyber-attacks, such as denial of service attacks, hacking, terrorist activities or identity theft. Financial services
institutions and companies engaged in data processing have reported breaches in the security of their websites or
other systems, some of which have involved sophisticated and targeted attacks intended to obtain unauthorized
access to confidential information, destroy data, steal financial assets, disable or degrade service, or sabotage
systems, often through the introduction of computer viruses or malware, cyber-attacks and other means. Denial of
service attacks have been launched against a number of large financial services institutions. As a growing regional
bank, the Company may be subject to similar attacks in the future. Hacking and identity theft risks could cause
serious reputational harm and possible financial loss to the Company. Cyber threats are rapidly evolving and the
Company may not be able to anticipate or prevent all such attacks.
The Company may incur increasing costs in an effort to minimize these risks and could be held liable for any
security breach or loss. Despite efforts to ensure the integrity of its systems, the Company will not be able to
anticipate all security breaches of these types, and the Company may not be able to implement effective preventive
measures against such security breaches. The techniques used by cyber criminals change frequently and can
originate from a wide variety of sources, including outside groups such as external service providers, organized
crime affiliates, terrorist organizations or hostile foreign governments. Those parties may also attempt to
fraudulently induce employees, customers or other users of the Company’s systems to disclose sensitive information
in order to gain access to its data or that of its clients or to conduct unauthorized financial transactions.
These risks may increase in the future as the Company continues to increase its mobile-payment and other internet-
based product offerings and expands its internal usage of web-based products and applications. A successful
penetration or circumvention of system security could cause serious negative consequences to the Company,
including significant disruption of operations, misappropriation of confidential information of the Company or that
of its customers, or damage to computers or systems of the Company or those of its customers and counterparties. A
security breach could result in violations of applicable privacy and other laws, financial loss to the Company or to
its customers, loss of confidence in the Company’s security measures, significant litigation exposure, and harm to
the Company’s reputation, all of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Counterparties and Correspondents Expose the Company to Risks.
The Company's use of derivative financial instruments exposes us to financial and contractual risks with
counterparties. The Company maintains correspondent bank relationships, manage certain loan participations,
engage in securities and funding transactions, and undergo other activities with financial counterparties that are
customary to its industry. The Company also utilizes services from major vendors of technology,
telecommunications, and other essential operating services. There is financial, reputational, and operational risk in
these relationships, which the Company seeks to manage through internal controls and procedures, but there are no
assurances that the Company will not experience loss or interruption of its business as a result of unforeseen events
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with these providers. The Company's mortgage banking operations have exposed us to counterparty transactions
including the use of third parties to participate in the management of interest rate risk and mortgage sales and
hedging. Financial, reputational, and operational risks are inherent in these counterparty and correspondent
relationships. The Company could experience losses if there are failures in the controls or accounting, including
those related to derivatives activities or if there are performance failures by any counterparties. The risk of loss is
increased when interest rates change suddenly and if the intended hedging objectives are not achieved as a result of
market or counterparty behaviors.
The Company’s Business is Reliant on Outside Vendors.
The Company’s business is highly dependent on the use of certain outside vendors for its day-to-day operations.
The Company’s operations and reputation are exposed to risk that a vendor may not perform in accordance with
established performance standards required in its agreements for any number of reasons including a change in their
senior management, their financial condition, their product line or mix and how they support existing customers, or
a simple change in their strategic focus. While the Company has comprehensive programs, policies and procedures
in place to mitigate risk at all phases of vendor management from selection, to performance monitoring and
renewals, the failure of a vendor to perform in accordance with contractual agreements could be disruptive to its
business, which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, strategic objectives, and results of
operations.
Development of New Products and Services May Impose Additional Costs on the Company and May Expose It to
Increased Operational Risk.
The Company’s financial performance depends, in part, on its ability to develop and market new and innovative
services and to adopt or develop new technologies that differentiate its products or provide cost efficiencies, while
avoiding increased related expenses. This dependency is exacerbated in the current “FinTech” environment, where
financial institutions are investing significantly in evaluating new technologies, such as “Blockchain,” and
developing potentially industry-changing new products, services and industry standards. The introduction of new
products and services can entail significant time and resources, including regulatory approvals. Substantial risks and
uncertainties are associated with the introduction of new products and services, including technical and control
requirements that may need to be developed and implemented, rapid technological change in the industry, the
Company’s ability to access technical and other information from its clients, the significant and ongoing
investments required to bring new products and services to market in a timely manner at competitive prices and the
preparation of marketing, sales and other materials that fully and accurately describe the product or service and its
underlying risks. The Company’s failure to manage these risks and uncertainties also exposes it to enhanced risk of
operational lapses which may result in the recognition of financial statement liabilities. Regulatory and internal
control requirements, capital requirements, competitive alternatives, vendor relationships and shifting market
preferences may also determine if such initiatives can be brought to market in a manner that is timely and attractive
to the Company’s clients. Products and services relying on internet and mobile technologies may expose the
Company to fraud and cybersecurity risks. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and
implementation of new products or services could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and
reputation, as well as on its consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
The Discontinuation of LIBOR and the Emergence of One or More Alternative Benchmark Indices to Replace
LIBOR Could Adversely Impact the Company’s Business and Results of Operations.
The Company’s floating-rate funding, certain hedging transactions and certain of the Company’s products, such as
floating-rate loans and mortgages, determine the applicable interest rate or payment amount by reference to a
benchmark rate, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), or to an index, currency, basket or other
financial metric. LIBOR and certain other benchmark rates are the subject of recent national, international, and
other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. LIBOR may be discontinued as early as December 31, 2021.
Regulators and various financial industry groups have sponsored or formed committees (e.g., the Federal Reserve-
sponsored Alternative Reference Rates Committee) to, among other things, facilitate the identification of an
alternative benchmark index to replace LIBOR, and publish consultations on recommended practices for
transitioning away from LIBOR, including (i) the utilization of recommended fallback language for LIBOR-linked
financial instruments, and (ii) development of alternative pricing methodologies for recommended alternative
benchmarks such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). SOFR is a measure of the cost of borrowing
cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, and is based on directly observable U.S. Treasury-based
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repurchase transactions. At this time, it is still not possible to predict whether these recommendations and proposals
will be broadly accepted in the market, whether they will continue to evolve, and what the effect of their
implementation may be on the markets for floating-rate financial instruments.
The discontinuation of LIBOR could result in changes to the Company’s risk exposures (for example, if the
anticipated discontinuation of LIBOR adversely affects the availability or cost of floating-rate funding and,
therefore, the Company’s exposure to fluctuations in interest rates) or otherwise result in losses on a product or
having to pay more or receive less on securities that the Company has issued or owns. A substantial portion of the
Company’s on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments are indexed to LIBOR, including interest rate swap
agreements and other contracts used for hedging and trading account purposes, loans to commercial customers and
consumers (including mortgage loans and other loans), and long-term borrowings. In addition, such uncertainty
could result in pricing volatility and increased capital requirements, loss of market share in certain products, adverse
tax or accounting impacts, and compliance, legal and operational costs and risks.
Liquidity
The Company's Wholesale Funding Sources May Prove Insufficient to Replace Deposits at Maturity and
Support Operations and Future Growth.
The Company must maintain sufficient funds to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers. As a part of its
liquidity management, the Company uses a number of funding sources in addition to deposit growth and cash flows
from loans and investments. These sources include Federal Home Loan Bank advances, proceeds from the sale of
loans, and liquidity resources at the holding company. The Company uses brokered deposits both to support
ongoing growth and to provide enhanced deposit insurance to support large dollar commercial relationships. The
Company's financial flexibility will be severely constrained if the Company is unable to maintain access to
wholesale funding or if adequate financing is not available to accommodate future growth at acceptable costs.
Turbulence in the capital and credit markets may adversely affect liquidity and financial condition and the
willingness of certain counterparties and customers to do business with the Company.
The Company's Ability to Service Our Debt, Pay Dividends, and Otherwise Pay Obligations as They Come Due Is
Substantially Dependent on Capital Distributions from the Bank, and These Distributions Are Subject to
Regulatory Limits and Other Restrictions.
A substantial source of holding company income is the receipt of dividends from the Bank, from which the
Company services debt, pay obligations, and pay shareholder dividends. The availability of dividends from the
Bank is limited by various statutes and regulations. It is possible, depending upon the financial condition of the
Bank and other factors, that the applicable regulatory authorities could assert that payment of dividends or other
types of payments are an unsafe or unsound practice. If the Bank is unable to pay dividends, the Company may not
be able to service debt, pay debt obligations, or pay dividends on its common stock.
The Loss Recorded in 2020 May Have an Adverse Effect on Future Dividend Payments to Common
Shareholders.
Due to the loss in the first half of 2020 and its impact on retained earnings, the Bank will require the approval from
the Massachusetts Division of Banks in order to continue to be a source of dividend income to the Company. Over
the long term, these dividends are a source of funds to the parent to support dividend payments to Company
shareholders. Also due to the loss, the Company requires nonobjection from the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston for
future shareholder dividend payments. Future payments of dividends will also depend on the Board’s holistic
assessment of the Company’s operating, risk, and financial situations and current circumstances, as well as
regulatory assessments of these factors.
Secondary Mortgage Market Conditions Could Have a Material Impact on the Company’s Financial Condition
and Results of Operations.
In addition to being affected by interest rates, the secondary mortgage markets are also subject to investor demand
for residential mortgage loans and increased investor yield requirements for these loans. These conditions may
fluctuate or worsen in the future. As a result, a prolonged period of secondary market illiquidity may reduce the
Company’s loan production volumes and operating results.
Secondary markets are significantly affected by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae (collectively, the
“Agencies”) for loan purchases that meet their conforming loan requirements. These agencies could limit purchases
35
Table of Contents
of conforming loans due to capital constraints, a change in the criteria for conforming loans or other factors.
Proposals to reform mortgage finance could affect the role of the Agencies and the market for conforming loans
which comprise the majority of the Company’s mortgage lending and related originations income.
Interest Rates
Market Interest Rate Conditions Could Adversely Affect Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
Net interest income is the Company's largest source of income. Changes in interest rates can affect the level of net
interest income and other elements of net income. The Company’s interest rate sensitivity is discussed in more
detail in Item 7A of this report and is the primary market risk to its condition and operations. Changes in interest
rates can also affect the demand for the Company’s products and services, and the supply conditions in the U.S.
financial and capital markets. Changes in the level of interest rates may negatively affect the Company’s ability to
originate real estate loans, the value of its assets and its ability to realize gains from the sale of assets, all of which
ultimately affect earnings.
Securities Market Values
Declines in the Value of Certain Investment Securities Could Require Write-Downs, Which Would Reduce
Earnings.
Declines in the value of investment securities due to market conditions and/or issuer impairment could result in
losses that can reduce capital and earnings. The Company’s investment in equity securities and non-investment
grade debt securities present heightened credit and price risks. Under new accounting standards, equity gains and
losses are recorded to current period operating results. The Company has an investment in the stock of the Federal
Home Loan Bank of Boston ("FHLBB") which could result in write-down in the event of impairment.
Regulatory Matters
Legislative and Regulatory Initiatives May Affect Business Activities and Increase Operating Costs.
New federal or state laws and regulations could affect lending, funding practices, capital, and liquidity standards.
New laws, regulations, and other regulatory changes may also increase compliance costs and affect business and
operations. Moreover, the FDIC sets the cost of FDIC insurance premiums, which can affect profitability.
Regulatory capital requirements and their impact on the Company may change. The Company may need to raise
additional capital in the future to support operations and continued growth. The Company's ability to raise capital, if
needed, will depend on its condition and performance, and on market conditions.
New laws, regulations, and other regulatory changes, along with negative developments in the financial industry and
the domestic and international credit markets, may significantly affect the markets in which the Company does
business, the markets for and value of its loans and investments, and ongoing operations, costs and profitability. For
more information, see “Regulation and Supervision” in Item 1 of this report.
In 2017, the Company crossed the $10 billion asset threshold established by the Dodd-Frank Act. The Company and
the Bank are now subject to closer supervision by their primary regulators and, as to compliance with consumer
protection laws and regulations, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. The Company and the Bank are subject
to capital stress testing expectations which require significant resources and infrastructure. If the Company’s
compliance with the enhanced supervision and requirements is insufficient, there can be significant negative
consequences for its operations, profitability, and ability to further pursue its strategic growth plan.
Provisions of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, and Delaware Law, as Well as State and
Federal Banking Regulations, Could Delay or Prevent a Takeover of Us by a Third Party.
Provisions in the Company's certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the corporate law of the State of Delaware, and
state and federal regulations could delay, defer or prevent a third party from acquiring us, despite the possible
benefit stockholders, or otherwise adversely affect the price of its common stock. These provisions include:
limitations on voting rights of beneficial owners of more than 10 percent of common stock; supermajority voting
requirements for certain business combinations; the election of directors to terms of one year; and advance notice
requirements for nominations for election to the Company's Board of Directors and for proposing matters that
stockholders may act on at stockholder meetings. In addition, the Company is subject to Delaware laws, including
one that prohibits engaging in a business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years
from the date the person became an interested stockholder unless certain conditions are met. These provisions may
36
Table of Contents
discourage potential takeover attempts, discourage bids for the Company's common stock at a premium over market
price or adversely affect the market price of, and the voting and other rights of the holders of, its common stock.
These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors
other than the candidates nominated by the Board.
Significant Accounting Estimates
If the Company Determines Intangible Assets to be Impaired, the Company’s Financial Condition and Results
Would Be Negatively Affected.
When the Company completes a business combination, a portion of the purchase price of the acquisition is allocated
to identifiable intangible assets. If the Company determines that the fair value of the intangible assets is less than the
carrying value, the Company will be required to write down these assets. Any write-down would have a negative
effect on the financial statements.
Various Factors May Cause our Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans to Increase.
The Company has an allowance for current expected credit losses on loans maintained through a provision for credit
losses charged to expense. This represents our estimate of current expected credit losses based on an evaluation of
risks within the portfolio of loans. The level of the allowance represents management’s estimate of current expected
credit losses over the contractual life of the existing loan portfolio. The determination of the appropriate level of the
allowance inherently involves a degree of subjectivity and requires that we make significant estimates of current
credit risks and current trends and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, all of which
may undergo frequent and material changes. Changes in economic and other conditions affecting borrowers, along
with new information regarding existing loans other factors, may indicate the need for a future increase in the
allowance.
Trading of the Company's Common Stock
The Trading History of the Company’s Common Stock is Characterized By Low Trading Volume. The Value of
Shareholder Investments May be Subject to Sudden Decreases Due to the Volatility of the Price of the Common
Stock.
The level of interest and trading in the Company’s stock depends on many factors beyond the Company's control.
The market price of the Company's common stock may be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in
response to numerous factors, including, but not limited to, the factors discussed in other risk factors and the
following: actual or anticipated fluctuations in operating results; changes in interest rates; changes in the legal or
regulatory environment; press releases, announcements or publicity relating to the Company or its competitors or
relating to trends in its industry; changes in expectations as to future financial performance, including financial
estimates or recommendations by securities analysts and investors; future sales of its common stock; changes in
economic conditions in the marketplace, general conditions in the U.S. economy, financial markets or the banking
industry; and other developments. These factors may adversely affect the trading price of the Company's common
stock, regardless of actual operating performance, and could prevent stockholders from selling their common stock
at a desirable price.
In the past, stockholders have brought securities class action litigation against a company following periods of
volatility in the market price of their securities. The Company could be the target of similar litigation in the future,
which could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources.
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Table of Contents
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company's headquarters are located at 60 State Street in leased property in Boston, MA. The Bank's
headquarters are located in owned and leased facilities located in Pittsfield, MA. The Company also owns or leases
other facilities within its primary market areas: Greater Boston (including Worcester, MA); Berkshire County,
Massachusetts; Pioneer Valley (Springfield area), Massachusetts; Southern Vermont; the Capital Region (Albany
area), New York; Central New York; Central and Eastern Connecticut; Southern Rhode Island; and Princeton area,
New Jersey. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 130 full-service branches in Massachusetts, New York,
Connecticut, Vermont, Central New Jersey, and Eastern Pennsylvania. Based on its branch optimization plan, the
Bank is targeting to sell its eight New Jersey and Pennsylvania branches and to consolidate 16 branches in its New
England/New York footprint, reducing total branches to a target of 106 offices by midyear 2021. The Company
opened a commercial banking office in Providence, Rhode Island in the beginning of 2021.
The Company also has regional locations which are full-service commercial offices located in Boston, MA.;
Pittsfield, MA.; Springfield, MA.; Albany, N.Y.; East Syracuse, N.Y.; Hartford, CT.; Willimantic, CT. Worcester,
MA.; Burlington, MA.; and Lawrenceville, N.J. In addition, the Company has eight lending locations in Central/
Eastern, Massachusetts. The Bank's wholly-owned subsidiary, Firestone Financial, LLC, is headquartered in the
Boston metro area. Berkshire Insurance Group Inc. operates from 12 locations in Western Massachusetts and East
Syracuse, N.Y. in both stand-alone premises as well as in rented space located in the Bank’s premises.
Berkshire continues to enhance its new retail branch design which eliminates traditional teller counters and provides
an interactive customer service environment through “pod” stations which include automated cash handling
technology. In many cases, this branch design also includes a multimedia community room which is offered for use
by nonprofit community groups. The Company has begun introducing MyTeller automated remote teller stations at
new offices and targeted existing offices.
The Bank has made its workplace more flexible as certain designated functions are approved for telecommuting
arrangements. As a result of its merger and efficiency initiatives, the Bank has excess facilities space in various
locations which is some cases is owned or subject to lease. The Bank is considering alternative uses or dispositions
of excess office space, including uses in support of providing community benefit. The Bank opened a Reevx Labs
community workspace in 2020 to increase its presence and service to underbanked urban communities.
Access to most Company properties was restricted during periods of 2020 due to the pandemic, and special cleaning
and safety protocols were instituted. Drive-up teller facilities, automated teller machines, and interactive teller
machines were relied on to maintain ongoing customer access, in addition to the Bank’s internet, telephone, and
mobile banking channels. Most back-office staff used home environments and telecommunications capacities to
accommodate the shift out of the office due to the pandemic.
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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
As of December 31, 2020, neither the Company nor the Bank was involved in any pending legal proceedings
believed by management to be material to the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Periodically,
there have been various claims and lawsuits involving the Bank, such as claims to enforce liens, condemnation
proceedings on properties in which the Bank holds security interests, claims involving the making and servicing of
real property loans, and other issues incident to the Bank’s business. A summary of certain legal matters involving
unsettled litigation or pertaining to pending transactions are as follows:
On February 4, 2020, the Bank filed a complaint in the New York State Supreme Court for the County of Albany
against Pioneer Bank (“Pioneer”) seeking damages of approximately $16.0 million. The complaint alleges that
Pioneer is liable to the Bank for a credit loss of approximately $16.0 million suffered by the Bank in the third
quarter of 2019 as a result of Pioneer’s breach of loan participation agreements in which it served as the lead bank,
as well as constructive fraud, fraudulent concealment and/or negligent misrepresentation. Pioneer has filed a motion
to dismiss aspects of the Bank’s complaint, to which the Bank is in the process of responding. The Company wrote
down the underlying credit loss in its entirety in the third quarter of 2019, but recognized a partial recovery of $1.7
million early in the second quarter of 2020. The Company has not accrued for any additional anticipated recovery at
this time.
On September 11, 2020, the Company received notice of a demand letter served on the Company and the Bank by a
former mortgagee of the Bank pursuant to the Massachusetts Consumer Protection Act, M.G.L Ch. 93A (“Chapter
93A). The demand letter alleges that a mortgage payoff statement tendered by the Bank to the mortgagee included a
mortgage discharge preparation fee that is purportedly impermissible under Massachusetts law. The demand letter
also claims that the Bank failed to provide a copy of the recorded mortgage discharge to the mortgagee in a timely
manner. The demand letter further purports to state claims on behalf of a putative class of similarly situated
Massachusetts mortgage customers of the Bank, who allegedly may have suffered similar violations of
Massachusetts law. The demand letter seeks monetary damages for the original mortgagee claimant and the putative
class, plus double or treble damages and reasonable attorneys’ fees, as may be allowed under Chapter 93A. The
Company and the Bank have retained outside litigation counsel, who has responded to the demand letter and denied
all claims on behalf of the Company and the Bank. No class action or other lawsuit has been served on the Company
or the Bank as of the date of this filing.
On or about August 10, 2020, a former employee of the Bank’s subsidiary First Choice Loan Services Inc.
(“FCLS”) filed a complaint in the Court of Common Pleas, Bucks County Pennsylvania against FCLS and two of its
former senior corporate officers generally alleging wrongful termination as a result of purported whistleblower
retaliation and other violations of New Jersey state employment law. The complaint also purports to name the Bank
and the Company as additional defendants, even though neither entity ever employed, paid wages to or contracted
with the plaintiff. On November 16, 2020, the plaintiff filed a First Amended Complaint reiterating the same claims
against the same defendants. The Company's liability insurer has provided outside litigation counsel to defend the
Company and the Bank in this matter, as well as FCLS and its former senior corporate officers. On December 7,
2020, defense counsel filed Preliminary Objections on behalf of the Company, the Bank, FCLS and FCLS’s former
senior corporate officers denying the plaintiff’s claims and seeking dismissal of the case and an order that the
plaintiff’s claims must proceed through arbitration in accordance with contractual obligations set forth in plaintiff’s
previous employment agreement with FCLS.
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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
40
Table of Contents
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
The common shares of the Company trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BHLB”. The
following table sets forth the quarterly high and low sales price information and dividends declared per share of
common stock in 2020 and 2019.
2020
First quarter
Second quarter
Third quarter
Fourth quarter
2019
First quarter
Second quarter
Third quarter
Fourth quarter
High
Low
Dividends
Declared
$
$
33.04 $
18.79
11.26
19.24
31.81 $
31.60
33.33
33.72
11.43 $
9.15
8.55
9.80
26.02 $
27.35
28.20
27.99
0.24
0.24
0.12
0.12
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
The Company had approximately 4,107 holders of record of common stock at February 25, 2021.
Dividends
The Company intends to pay regular cash dividends to common shareholders; however, there is no assurance as to
future dividends because they are dependent on the Company’s future earnings, capital requirements, financial
condition, and regulatory environment. Dividends from the Bank have been a source of cash used by the Company
to pay its dividends, and these dividends from the Bank are dependent on the Bank’s future earnings, capital
requirements, and financial condition. Dividends from the Bank are currently subject to approval by the
Massachusetts Division of Banks. Further information about dividend restrictions is disclosed in Note 18 -
Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings per Common Share of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities
The Company occasionally issues unregistered shares of common stock to vendors or as consideration in contracts
for the purchase of assets, services, or operations. During 2020, there were no shares transferred. During 2019, the
Company transferred 1,936 shares.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchases
In the first quarter of 2020, stock repurchases were suspended as the pandemic emerged. The stock repurchase
program in effect on December 31, 2019 expired on March 31, 2020 and was not replaced.
Period
October 1-31, 2020
November 1-30, 2020
December 1-31, 2020
Total
Total number of
shares purchased
Average price
paid per share
Total number of shares
purchased as part of
publicly announced
plans or programs
Maximum number of
shares that may yet
be purchased under
the plans or programs
— $
—
—
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
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Table of Contents
Common Stock Performance Graph
The performance graph compares the Company’s cumulative shareholder return on its common stock over the last
five years to the cumulative return of the NYSE Composite Index and the KBW NASAQ Regional Banking Index.
Total shareholder return is measured by dividing total dividends (assuming dividend reinvestment) for the
measurement period plus share price change for a period by the share price at the beginning of the measurement
period. The Company’s cumulative shareholder return over a five-year period is based on an initial investment of
$100 on December 31, 2015.
Information used on the graph and table was obtained from a third party provider, a source believed to be reliable,
but the Company is not responsible for any errors or omissions in such information.
Index
Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.
NYSE Composite Index
PHLX KBW Regional Banking Index
12/31/15
12/31/16
12/31/17
12/31/18
12/31/19
12/31/20
100.00
100.00
100.00
130.39
111.94
139.02
132.53
132.90
141.45
99.95
121.01
116.70
125.63
151.87
144.49
68.83
162.49
131.91
Period Ending
Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence
42
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following summary data is based in part on the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes,
and other schedules appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Historical data is also based in part on, and should be
read in conjunction with, prior filings with the SEC.
(In thousands, except per share data)
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
At or For the Years Ended December 31,
Per Common Share Data:
Net (loss)/earnings, diluted - continuing
operations
Net (loss)/earnings, diluted - discontinued
operations
$
(10.21)
$
2.05
$
2.36
$
1.24
$
1.88
(0.39)
(0.08)
(0.07)
0.15
Net (loss)/earnings, diluted
$
(10.60)
$
1.97
$
2.29
$
1.39
$
Total book value per common share
Dividends
Common stock price:
High
Low
Close
Performance Ratios: (1)
Return on assets
Return on equity
Net interest margin, fully taxable equivalent
(FTE) (2)
Fee income/Net interest and fee income
Growth Ratios:
Total commercial loans
Total loans
Total deposits
Total net revenues, (compared to prior year)
23.37
0.72
33.04
8.55
17.12
(4.15) %
(37.50)
2.72
18.10
(4.58) %
(14.95)
(1.16)
(14.73)
34.65
0.92
33.72
26.02
32.88
33.30
0.88
44.25
25.77
26.97
32.14
0.84
40.00
32.85
36.60
—
1.88
30.65
0.80
37.35
24.71
36.85
0.75 %
0.90 %
0.56 %
0.74 %
5.75
3.17
23.86
9.19 %
5.08
15.07
4.53
6.84
3.40
23.36
6.17 %
8.96
2.66
11.59
64.75
4.45
3.40
29.41
37.79 %
26.71
32.13
41.05
(26.06)
6.44
3.31
22.80
18.39 %
14.41
18.48
11.18
8.62
Earnings per share, (compared to prior year)
(638.07)
(13.97)
Selected Financial Data:
Total assets
Total earning assets
Securities
Total loans
Allowance for credit losses
Total intangible assets
Total deposits
Total borrowings
Total shareholders’ equity
$ 12,838,013
$ 13,215,970
$ 12,212,231
$ 11,570,751
$ 9,162,542
12,089,939
11,916,007
11,140,307
10,509,163
8,340,287
2,223,417
8,081,519
(127,302)
34,819
1,769,878
9,502,428
(63,575)
599,377
10,215,808
10,335,977
571,637
827,550
1,187,773
1,758,564
1,918,604
9,043,253
(61,469)
551,743
8,982,381
1,517,816
1,552,918
1,898,564
1,628,246
8,299,338
6,549,787
(51,834)
557,583
(43,998)
422,551
8,749,530
6,622,092
1,137,075
1,313,997
1,496,264
1,093,298
43
48,172
232,267
68,606
(2,755)
298,118
17,362
203,302
77,454
18,784
58,670
—
—
—
Table of Contents
Selected Operating Data:
At or For the Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Total interest and dividend income
$ 409,782
$ 509,513
$ 465,894
$ 355,076
$ 280,439
Total interest expense
Net interest income
Fee income
All other non-interest (loss)/income
Total net revenue
Provision for credit losses
Total non-interest expense
93,000
316,782
69,990
(3,683)
383,089
75,878
840,239
144,255
365,258
76,824
7,178
449,260
35,419
289,857
109,694
356,200
74,026
298
430,524
25,451
266,893
(Loss)/income from continuing operations before income
taxes
Income tax (benefit)/expense from continuing operations
Net (loss)/income from continuing operations
(533,028)
123,984
138,180
(19,853)
(513,175)
22,463
101,521
28,961
109,219
64,113
290,963
71,356
2,888
365,207
21,025
252,978
91,204
42,088
49,116
(Loss)/income from discontinued operations before
income taxes
Income tax (benefit)/expense from discontinued
operations
(26,855)
(5,539)
(4,767)
8,545
(7,013)
(1,468)
(1,313)
2,414
6,131
Net (loss)/income from discontinued operations
(19,842)
(4,071)
(3,454)
Net (loss)/income
$ (533,017)
$
97,450
$ 105,765
$
55,247
$
58,670
Basic (loss)/earnings per common share:
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
$
(10.21)
$
2.06
$
2.38
$
(0.39)
(0.08)
(0.08)
Total basic (loss)/earnings per share
$
(10.60)
$
1.98
$
2.30
$
Diluted (loss)/earnings per common share:
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
$
(10.21)
$
2.05
(0.39)
(0.08)
Total diluted (loss)/earnings per share
$
(10.60)
$
1.97
$
$
2.36
(0.07)
2.29
$
$
1.24
0.16
1.40
1.24
0.15
1.39
$
$
$
$
1.89
—
1.89
1.88
—
1.88
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted
50,270
50,270
49,263
49,421
46,024
46,231
39,456
39,695
30,988
31,167
Dividends per preferred share
Dividends per common share
$
$
1.20
0.72
$
$
1.84
0.92
$
$
1.76
0.88
$
$
0.42
0.84
$
$
—
0.80
Asset Quality and Condition Ratios: (3)
Net loans charged-off/average loans
Allowance for credit losses/total loans
Loans/deposits
Capital Ratios:
Tier 1 capital to average assets - Company
Total capital to risk-weighted assets - Company
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets - Company
Shareholders’ equity/total assets
0.41 %
0.35 %
0.18 %
0.19 %
0.21 %
1.58
79
0.67
92
0.68
101
0.62
95
0.67
99
9.38 %
9.33 %
9.04 %
9.01 %
7.88 %
13.73
12.30
13.31
12.99
11.57
12.73
12.43
11.15
12.93
11.87
10.07
11.93
16.10
14.06
9.25
44
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___________________________________
(1) All performance ratios are annualized and are based on average balance sheet amounts, where applicable.
(2) Fully taxable equivalent considers the impact of tax advantaged investment securities and loans.
(3) For periods prior to 2020, generally accepted accounting principles require that loans acquired in a business combination be
recorded at fair value, whereas loans from business activities are recorded at cost. The fair value of loans acquired in a
business combination includes expected loan losses, and there is no loan loss allowance recorded for these loans at the time
of acquisition. Accordingly, the ratio of the loan loss allowance to total loans is reduced as a result of the existence of such
loans, and this measure is not directly comparable to prior periods. Similarly, net loan charge-offs are normally reduced for
loans acquired in a business combination since these loans are recorded net of expected loan losses. Therefore, the ratio of
net loan charge-offs to average loans is reduced as a result of the existence of such loans, and this measure is not directly
comparable to prior periods. Other institutions may have loans acquired in a business combination, and therefore there may
be no direct comparability of these ratios between and among other institutions.
45
Table of Contents
Average Balances, Interest and Average Yields/Cost
The following table presents an analysis of average rates and yields on a fully taxable equivalent basis for the years
presented. Tax exempt interest revenue is shown on a tax-equivalent basis for proper comparison.
Item 6 - Table 3 - Average Balance, Interest and Average Yields / Costs
2020
Interest
Average
Balance
Average
Yield/
Rate
Average
Balance
2019
Interest
Average
Yield/
Rate
Average
Balance
2018
Interest
Average
Yield/
Rate
(Dollars in millions)
Assets
Loans: (1)
Commercial real estate
$ 3,958.6 $ 151.5
3.83 % $ 3,789.5 $ 188.6
4.98 % $ 3,283.6 $ 167.7
5.11 %
Commercial and industrial
loans
Residential loans
Consumer loans
Total loans
2,049.4
87.7
4.28
1,983.9
111.2
5.60
1,867.9
107.6
5.76
2,324.3
828.1
87.8
31.3
9,160.4
358.3
3.78
3.78
3.91
2.96
2,719.8
100.7
3.70
1,038.4
46.5
4.48
2,353.1
1,115.3
86.3
3.67
47.2
4.23
9,531.6
447.0
4.69
8,619.9
408.8
4.74
1,846.9
62.6
3.39
1,931.7
64.4
3.33
Investment securities (2)
1,845.2
54.6
Short-term investments and
loans held for sale (3)
767.2
4.8
0.64
335.3
13.4
4.01
146.3
5.4
3.72
Total interest-earning assets
11,772.8
417.7
3.55
11,713.8
523.0
4.47
10,697.9
478.6
4.47
Intangible assets
Other non-interest earning
assets (3)
316.1
772.3
578.1
669.1
554.6
516.9
Total assets
$ 12,861.2
$ 12,961.0
$ 11,769.4
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Deposits:
NOW and other
Money market
Savings
Certificates of deposit
Total interest-bearing
deposits
$ 1,216.6 $
3.5
0.29 % $ 1,053.9 $
6.5
0.62 % $
824.7 $
4.0
0.49 %
2,713.6
914.1
3,102.9
15.3
0.9
52.6
0.56
0.10
1.69
2,542.6
31.4
1.23
2,432.2
21.9
0.90
798.2
1.2
0.15
740.8
1.1
0.15
3,754.2
76.1
2.03
3,075.5
51.3
1.67
7,947.2
72.3
0.91
8,148.9
115.2
1.41
7,073.2
78.3
1.11
Borrowings and notes (4)
841.6
20.7
2.46
1,115.5
32.4
2.91
1,409.0
33.4
2.37
8,788.8
93.0
1.06
9,264.4
147.6
1.59
8,482.2
111.7
1.32
Total interest-bearing
liabilities
Non-interest-bearing demand
deposits
Other non-interest-bearing
liabilities (3)
2,324.6
326.4
Total liabilities
11,439.8
Total shareholders' equity
1,421.4
Total liabilities and equity
$ 12,861.2
1,745.2
257.1
11,266.7
1,694.3
$ 12,961.0
1,622.4
119.3
10,223.9
1,545.5
$ 11,769.4
Net interest income
$ 324.7
$ 375.4
$ 366.9
46
Table of Contents
(Dollars in millions)
Net interest spread
Net interest margin (5)
Cost of funds
Cost of deposits
Interest-earning assets/
interest-bearing liabilities
Supplementary data
2020
Interest
Average
Balance
Average
Yield/
Rate
2.49 %
2.72
0.84
0.71
133.95
2019
Interest
Average
Balance
Average
Yield/
Rate
2.88 %
3.17
1.34
1.16
126.44
2018
Interest
Average
Balance
Average
Yield/
Rate
3.16 %
3.40
1.11
0.90
126.12
Total non-maturity deposits
$ 7,168.9
$ 6,139.9
$ 5,620.1
Total deposits
10,271.8
Fully taxable equivalent
adjustment
6.4
____________________________________
9,894.1
7.5
8,695.6
7.4
Notes:
(1) The average balances of loans include nonaccrual loans, and deferred fees and costs.
(2) The average balance of investment securities is based on amortized cost.
(3) Includes discontinued operations.
(4) The average balances of borrowings and notes include the capital lease obligation presented under other liabilities on the
consolidated balance sheet.
(5) Purchase accounting accretion totaled $9.9 million, $14.5 million, and $23.1 million for the years-ended December 31,
2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The effect of purchase accounting accretion on the net interest margin was an increase
in all years, which is shown sequentially as follows beginning with the most recent year and ending with the earliest year:
0.09%, 0.12%, and 0.22%.
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Rate/Volume Analysis
The following table presents the effects of rate and volume changes on the fully taxable equivalent net interest
income. Tax exempt interest revenue is shown on a tax-equivalent basis for proper comparison. For each category
of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided with respect to changes attributable
to (1) changes in rate (change in rate multiplied by prior year volume), (2) changes in volume (change in volume
multiplied by prior year rate), and (3) changes in volume/rate (change in rate multiplied by change in volume) have
been allocated proportionately based on the absolute value of the change due to the rate and the change due to
volume.
Item 6 - Table 4 - Rate Volume Analysis
(In thousands)
Interest income:
2020 Compared with 2019
(Decrease) Increase Due to
2019 Compared with 2018
(Decrease) Increase Due to
Rate
Volume
Net
Rate
Volume
Net
Commercial real estate
$
(45,193) $
8,096 $
(37,097) $
(4,367) $
25,271 $
20,904
Commercial and industrial loans
Residential loans
Consumer loans
Total loans
Investment securities
Short-term investments and loans held for
sale (1)
(27,008)
2,017
(6,575)
(76,759)
(7,945)
3,561
(14,907)
(8,592)
(11,842)
(57)
(23,447)
(12,890)
(15,167)
(88,601)
(8,002)
(2,978)
901
2,630
(3,814)
1,098
6,558
13,571
(3,357)
42,043
(2,863)
3,580
14,472
(727)
38,229
(1,765)
(16,924)
8,297
(8,627)
455
7,544
7,999
Total interest income
$
(101,628) $
(3,602) $
(105,230) $
(2,261) $
46,724 $
44,463
Interest expense:
NOW accounts
Money market accounts
Savings accounts
Certificates of deposit
Total deposits
Borrowings
$
(3,835) $
882 $
(2,953) $
1,217 $
1,265 $
(18,043)
(409)
(11,486)
(33,773)
(4,553)
1,985
156
(12,093)
(9,070)
(7,206)
(16,058)
(253)
(23,579)
(42,843)
(11,759)
8,411
5
12,250
21,883
6,695
1,036
86
12,562
14,949
(7,722)
2,482
9,447
91
24,812
36,832
(1,027)
Total interest expense
Change in net interest income
$
$
(1) Includes discontinued operations.
(38,326) $
(16,276) $
(54,602) $
28,578 $
7,227 $
35,805
(63,302) $
12,674 $
(50,628) $
(30,839) $
39,497 $
8,658
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
This document contains certain non-GAAP financial measures in addition to results presented in accordance with
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). These non-GAAP measures are intended to provide the
reader with additional supplemental perspectives on operating results, performance trends, and financial
condition. Non-GAAP financial measures are not a substitute for GAAP measures; they should be read and used in
conjunction with the Company’s GAAP financial information. A reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to
GAAP measures is provided below. In all cases, it should be understood that non-GAAP measures do not depict
amounts that accrue directly to the benefit of shareholders. An item which management excludes when computing
non-GAAP adjusted earnings can be of substantial importance to the Company’s results for any particular quarter or
year. The Company’s non-GAAP adjusted earnings information set forth is not necessarily comparable to non-
GAAP information which may be presented by other companies. Each non-GAAP measure used by the Company in
this report as supplemental financial data should be considered in conjunction with the Company’s GAAP financial
information.
The Company utilizes the non-GAAP measure of adjusted earnings in evaluating operating trends, including
components for operating revenue and expense. These measures exclude amounts which the Company views as
unrelated to its normalized operations. These items primarily include securities gains/losses, merger costs,
restructuring costs, goodwill impairment, and discontinued operations. Discontinued operations are the Company’s
national mortgage banking operations for which the Company completed the wind down of operations in 2020.
Merger costs consist primarily of severance/benefit related expenses, contract termination costs, systems conversion
costs, variable compensation expenses, and professional fees. There were no merger costs in 2020 and merger costs
in 2019 are primarily related to the acquisition of SI Financial Group, Inc. in May 2019. Restructuring costs
generally consist of costs and losses associated with the disposition of assets and liabilities and lease terminations,
including costs related to branch sales. Restructuring costs also include severance and consulting expenses related to
the Company’s strategic review. They also include costs related to the consolidation of branches. Restructuring
expense and other for 2020 primarily related to executive separation expense as a result of the CEO transition.
Restructuring expense and other for 2019 primarily related to branch consolidations. Restructuring expense and
other for 2018 primarily related to a core systems contract restructuring charge and executive separation expense as
a result of the CEO transition.
The Company calculates certain profitability measures based on its adjusted revenue, expenses, and earnings. The
Company also calculates adjusted earnings per share based on its measure of adjusted earnings. The Company
views these amounts as important to understanding its operating trends, particularly due to the impact of accounting
standards related to merger and acquisition activity. Analysts also rely on these measures in estimating and
evaluating the Company’s performance. Management also believes that the computation of non-GAAP adjusted
earnings and adjusted earnings per share may facilitate the comparison of the Company to other companies in the
financial services industry.
Due to the anticipated earnings volatility resulting from loan loss provisions reflecting changes in estimates of
uncertain future economic conditions under the new CECL accounting standard, many users of bank financial
statements are focusing on Pre-Provision Net Revenue (“PPNR”). This is a measure of revenue less expenses, and is
calculated before the loan loss provision and income tax expense. This measure gives clearer visibility of the
operations of the company during the periods presented in the income statements, without the impact of period-end
estimates of future uncertain events. This measure also enhances comparisons of operations across different banks,
which might have significantly different period-end estimates of uncertain future economic conditions that affect the
loan loss provision. Consistent with its previous practices measuring results on an adjusted basis before the impacts
of acquisitions, divestitures, and other designated items, the Company has introduced the measure of Adjusted Pre-
Provision Net Revenue (“Adjusted PPNR”) which measures PPNR excluding adjustments for items not viewed as
related to ongoing operations. This measure is now integral to the Company’s analysis of its operations, and is not
viewed as a substitute for GAAP measures of net income. Analysts also use this measure in assessing the
Company’s operations and in making comparisons across banks. The Company and analysts also measure Adjusted
PPNR/Assets in order to utilize the PPNR measure in assessing its comparative operating profitability. This measure
primarily relies on the measures of adjusted revenue and adjusted expense already used in the Company’s
calculation of its efficiency ratio.
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The Company also adjusts certain equity related measures to exclude intangible assets due to the importance of
these measures to the investment community.
The following table summarizes the reconciliation of non-GAAP items recorded for the time periods indicated:
(Dollars in thousands)
GAAP Net (loss)/income
Non-GAAP measures
Adj: Loss/(gain) on securities, net
Adj: Goodwill impairment
Adj: Net gains on sale of business operations
Adj: Acquisition, restructuring, conversion, and other related expenses (1)
Adj: Legal settlements
Adj: Systems vendor restructuring costs
Adj: Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes
Adj: Income taxes
Net non-operating charges
At or For the Years Ended
December 31,
2020
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
$ (533,017)
$
97,450
$ 105,765
7,520
553,762
(1,240)
5,839
—
—
26,855
(29,342)
563,394
(4,389)
—
—
3,719
—
(460)
28,046
10,752
—
—
5,539
(7,799)
21,397
3,000
8,379
4,767
(7,102)
23,055
Total adjusted net income (non-GAAP)
$
30,377
$ 118,847
$ 128,820
GAAP Total revenue from continuing operations
Adj: Loss/(gain) on securities, net
Adj: Net gains on sale of business operations
Total adjusted operating revenue (non-GAAP)
$ 383,089
$ 449,260
$ 430,524
7,520
(1,240)
(4,389)
—
3,719
(460)
$ 389,369
$ 444,871
$ 433,783
GAAP Total non-interest expense from continuing operations
$ 840,239
$ 289,857
$ 266,893
Less: Total non-operating expense (see above)
(5,839)
(28,046)
(10,752)
Less: Goodwill impairment
Less: Legal settlements
Less: Systems vendor restructuring costs
(553,762)
—
—
—
—
—
—
(3,000)
(8,379)
Adjusted operating non-interest expense (non-GAAP)
$ 280,638
$ 261,811
$ 244,762
(in millions, except per share data)
Total average assets
Total average shareholders' equity
Total average tangible shareholders equity
Total average tangible common shareholders equity
Total tangible shareholders’ equity, period-end
Total tangible common shareholders’ equity, period-end
Total tangible assets, period-end
Total common shares outstanding, period-end (thousands)
Average diluted shares outstanding (thousands)
(Loss)/earnings per share, diluted
Plus: Net adjustments per share, diluted
Adjusted earnings per share, diluted
Book value per common share, period-end
Tangible book value per common share, period-end
Total shareholders' equity/total assets
Total tangible shareholders' equity/total tangible assets
50
$
12,861
$
12,961
$
11,769
1,421
1,105
1,088
1,153
1,153
12,803
50,833
50,308
$
(10.60)
$
11.20
0.60
23.37
22.68
9.25
9.01
1,694
1,116
1,076
1,159
1,119
12,613
49,585
49,421
1.97
0.43
2.40
34.65
22.56
13.31
9.19
1,546
991
950
1,001
961
11,660
45,417
46,231
2.29
0.50
2.79
33.30
21.15
12.72
8.59
$
Table of Contents
(Dollars in thousands)
Performance Ratios
GAAP return on assets
Adjusted return on assets
GAAP return on equity
Adjusted return on equity
Adjusted return on tangible common equity
Efficiency ratio (2)
Supplementary Data (in thousands)
Tax benefit on tax-credit investments
Non-interest income charge on tax-credit investments
Net income on tax-credit investments
Intangible amortization
Fully taxable equivalent income adjustment
At or For the Years Ended
December 31,
2020
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
(4.15) %
0.75 %
0.90 %
0.24
(37.50)
2.14
3.18
68.53
0.93
5.75
7.01
11.35
55.63
1.12
6.84
8.33
13.48
53.64
$
4,699
$
7,950
$
5,876
(3,645)
(6,455)
(4,822)
1,054
6,181
6,402
1,495
5,783
7,451
1,054
4,934
7,423
____________________________________
(1) Acquisition, restructuring, conversion, and other related expenses included no merger and acquisition expenses for the
year-ended December 31, 2020. For the year-ended 2019, these expenses included $18.7 million in merger and acquisition
expenses and $9.3 million of restructuring expenses. For the year-ended 2018, these expenses included $8.9 million in
merger and acquisition expenses and $1.8 million of restructuring, conversion, and other expenses.
(2) Efficiency ratio is computed by dividing total core tangible non-interest expense by the sum of total net interest income on
a fully taxable equivalent basis and total core non-interest income adjusted to include tax credit benefit of tax shelter
investments. The Company uses this non-GAAP measure to provide important information regarding its operational
efficiency.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
GENERAL
This discussion is intended to assist readers in understanding the financial condition and results of operations
Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (“Berkshire” or the “Company"), the changes in key items in the Company’s
Consolidated Financial Statements (“financial statements”) from year to year and the primary reasons for those
changes.
The objectives of this section are:
•
•
•
To provide a narrative explanation of the Company’s financial statements that enables investors to see the
company through the eyes of management;
To enhance the financial disclosure and provide the context within which financial information should be
analyzed; and
To provide information about the quality of, and potential future variability of, the Company’s earnings and
cash flow.
This discussion includes the following sections:
Summary of recent events and strategic initiatives
•
• Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2020 and 2019
• Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
• Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
•
• Capital Resources
• Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
• Discussion of accounting policies and pronouncements
Liquidity and Cash Flows
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and
the notes thereto appearing in Item 8 of this document. In the following discussion, income statement comparisons
are against the previous year and balance sheet comparisons are against the previous fiscal year-end, unless
otherwise noted. Operating results discussed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year 2021 or
any future period. In management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, certain
reclassifications have been made to make prior periods comparable. Tax-equivalent adjustments are the result of
increasing income from tax-advantaged loans and securities by an amount equal to the taxes that would be paid if
the income were fully taxable based on a 26% marginal rate (including state income taxes net of federal benefit). In
the discussion, unless otherwise specified, references to earnings per share and "EPS" refer to diluted earnings per
common share, including the dilutive impact of the convertible preferred shares.
Berkshire is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Boston and the holding company for Berkshire Bank (“the
Bank”) and Berkshire Insurance Group, Inc. Established in 1846, the Bank operates as a commercial bank under a
Massachusetts trust company charter.
BE FIRST CULTURE & CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
Berkshire Bank is a purpose and values-driven community bank. We believe that everyone, from every
neighborhood, should be able to bank with dignity. We're committed to providing an ecosystem of socially
responsible financial solutions to meet our customers’ needs, engaging with communities to ensure access and
upward economic mobility, addressing racial equity and fostering a workplace culture where everyone belongs. Our
Be FIRST values of Belonging, Focusing, Inclusion, Respect, Service, and Teamwork guide us as we evolve and
navigate our environment to create long-term sustainable value for our stakeholders.
The spirit and work ethic that began 175 years ago when Berkshire Bank first opened its doors to meet the working
class and entrepreneurs’ financial needs is still at the core of our company today. As the COVID-19 pandemic
ravaged communities and shuttered businesses, we answered the call to assist our neighbors. We ensured our
employees, customers, and communities' health, safety, and economic resiliency was the priority. We created the
You FIRST employee assistance fund to help employees impacted by unexpected financial hardships. We assisted
small businesses and consumers with loan forbearances and government assistance programs and we launched a
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fund to assist black and brown owned businesses most impacted by the pandemic. We also faced the stark reality
that systematic racism continues to exist throughout the country. While many companies that had been on the
sidelines stepped-up, Berkshire leaned in and responded with continued focus, commitment, and intentionality.
We continue to build on our Be FIRST Commitment, our roadmap for purpose-driven, socially responsible
community banking. Our strong foundation of governance systems, including our Corporate Responsibility &
Culture Committee of our Board of Directors, Diversity & Inclusion Employee Committee, Responsible &
Sustainable Business Policy, and Social & Environmental Responsibility Risk Management practices collectively
integrate social, environmental, cultural, and reputational considerations through all aspects of the company.
Berkshire Bank continues to offer services to the underbanked through the Reevx Labs™ platform at
reevxlabs.com.
We engage directly with our stakeholders and populate several communications channels with strategic content
including our Corporate Responsibility website www.berkshirebank.com/csr, annual report, and proxy statement to
highlight our commitment to disclosure, transparency and socially responsible performance. Our annual Corporate
Responsibility Report, which is aligned with Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (“SASB”) commercial
bank disclosure topics, details the company's environmental, social, governance, and cultural programs as well as
our progress on The Be FIRST Commitment. We are also incredibly proud to be recognized for our leadership and
performance, including local, regional, national, and international awards. Among these honors The North
American Inspiring Workplaces Award, Communitas Award for Leadership in Corporate Social Responsibility,
Listing in the Bloomberg Gender-Equality Index and achieving a perfect score in the Human Rights Campaign
Corporate Equality Index.
SUMMARY
The emergence of the COVID-19 global pandemic dominated the Company’s activities and results in 2020.
Berkshire adjusted its business model to manage pandemic related impacts to its operations, its customers, and its
operating profitability. The Company’s markets became a national and global disease hotspot early in the pandemic,
in the second quarter. Government authorities shut down much societal and economic activity in March. Conditions
improved in the third quarter, but another wave of disease incidence slowed further improvement, and economic
conditions remained stressed through year-end. During the year, unprecedented federal fiscal and monetary stimulus
was deployed nationally. The Federal Reserve Board of Governors lowered short-term interest rates by
approximately 1.50% in the first quarter, and further actions by the Federal Reserve resulted in rates coming down
across all maturities, resulting in a parallel downward rate shock of approximately 1.50%. Following an
unprecedented economic contraction in the second quarter, the economy had partially recovered by the end of 2020.
The rollout of vaccinations and further federal and monetary support were expected to gradually further normalize
conditions in 2021.
The Bank initially closed its branches except for drive-through tellers, and most back-office staff moved to work
from home status. The Bank was able to resume most branch activities in the third quarter, while back-office staff
continue to telecommute. Business activities shifted during this period to provide expedited support for supporting
stimulus programs and servicing the needs of customers and communities arising from the emergency conditions.
Numerous programs were developed to provide support and assistance to the Bank’s staff and communities,
including granting of loan payment modifications pursuant to government guidelines and the origination of
commercial Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) SBA guaranteed loans to support employment during the
shutdown. Branch access restrictions were reintroduced in the fourth quarter and some government restrictions were
resumed due to worsening public health.
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Changes in the Company’s financial condition and results were primarily due to the pandemic and the related
changes in financial market conditions and economic expectations. Due to these downturns, the Company recorded
large non-cash charges for goodwill impairment and the current expected credit loss provision during the year.
These charges resulted in losses for the first and second quarters, but did not materially affect most regulatory
capital measures, cash flows, or liquidity. Among the most significant financial impacts from the pandemic were the
following:
• Goodwill impairment: In the second quarter, the Company recorded a $554 million noncash expense
representing the full impairment and write-off of the carrying value of goodwill due to the impact of the
COVID-19 disease on economic and financial market conditions resulting in a lower fair value of the
Company’s equity.
• Credit Loss Provision: A $65 million noncash credit loss provision expense was recorded in the first half of
2020 primarily representing projected pandemic related current expected credit losses in future periods
under the new Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) accounting standard. The full year provision was
$76 million.
• Reduced Revenue: Net revenue from continuing operations decreased year-over-year by 15% due primarily
to compression of the net interest margin resulting from the near zero interest rate policy implemented by
the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, and reflecting the Company’s asset sensitive interest rate risk
profile. The margin change also reflected a change in asset mix from loans and into lower yielding short-
term investments and investment securities.
•
Loan Modifications: Short-term loan payment deferrals were granted in accordance with terms established
by bank regulators to lessen borrower hardship. Initial payment deferrals totaled $1.6 billion. The balance
of active and in-process deferrals declined to $350 million at year-end.
• Balance Sheet Changes: A pandemic related deposit surge was primarily invested in short-term investment
reserves held at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. The Company originated $708 million in PPP loans to
support employment, and these loans partially offset reductions in other loan categories due to reduced
economic activity, liquidity from government stimulus, and accelerated prepayments. Demand deposits
increased as borrowers stored liquidity resulting from government stimulus and reduced economic activity.
Total equity decreased but most regulatory capital ratios improved, and measures of liquidity improved due
to reduced usage of wholesale funding and due to higher short-term investment balances.
Reflecting the above activity, the Company recorded a loss of $569 million, or $11.33 per share for the first six
months of 2020. This loss was a result of noncash charges for goodwill impairment and the provision for current
expected credit losses on loans. Results returned to profitability in the second half of the year, with second half
earnings totaling $36 million, or $0.73 per share. Full year results were a loss of $533 million, or $10.60 per share.
In conformance with the industry guidelines issued by the Federal Reserve at the outset of the pandemic, the
Company ceased repurchases of common stock in the first quarter, and let its outstanding repurchase authorization
expire at the end of the first quarter. Also, the Company reduced its shareholder dividend by 50% in the third
quarter of 2020. This reduction was made to better align the dividend payout and dividend yield with the reduced
level of operating earnings in the current environment.
In October 2020, the Company announced the launch of best-in-class digital account opening technology. This
platform provides benefits to the customer experience, to revenue generation, and to the Company’s operating
efficiency. The company also enhanced its customer experience by upgrading its call center and rolling out its e-
signature platform. These enhanced capabilities are significantly more valuable in today’s environment as a result of
the customer needs and accelerated digital transformation resulting from the pandemic.
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Also in October 2020, the Company announced a strategic goal to pursue expense management initiatives, due in
part to the long-term revenue impacts of the near zero interest rate environment. Expense management also
recognizes long-term changes in customer behaviors and the Bank’s operating model based on the accelerated
transition to the digital economy resulting from the pandemic. In December 2020, as part of these initiatives, the
Company announced a branch optimization plan. The Company announced that it had entered into an agreement for
the sale of its 8 Mid-Atlantic branches, including the transfer of more than $600 million in deposits and $300
million in loans. Additionally, the Company announced a plan to consolidate 16 branches in its New England/New
York footprint. Both of these initiatives are targeted for completion in the first half of 2021. The Company expects
to recognize a net gain on the sale of the Mid-Atlantic branches, as well as charges in conjunction with the branch
consolidations.
In addition to reshaping the branch office network, the Company is pursuing possibilities for identifying and
releasing surplus corporate real estate, and making other operational adjustments to its business model. The
Company also plans to formalize cost save opportunities arising from work from home as well as changes in
procurement processes in the current environment. The Company’s goal is to streamline its business model in its
core markets and leverage organic growth around that foundation. Two critical enablers are the technology that the
Company has invested in and its personalized banking services program, MyBanker. Berkshire has been
successfully deploying these mobile personal bankers for a number of years to bring service to customers where and
when they need it and they remain integral to the distinctive customer experience that the Bank is developing as a
21st century community bank.
On August 10, 2020, the Company announced that, pursuant to a separation agreement, Richard M. Marotta had
stepped down from his position as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and CEO of the Bank, as
well as from his role as a Director to pursue new opportunities. Working within its leadership succession planning
process, the Board appointed Sean A. Gray, to serve as Acting President and CEO for the Company. The Board
initiated a CEO search process to consider a national search for candidates inside and outside of Berkshire. The
Board established a working committee to oversee the search process and retained the firm of Spencer Stuart as its
executive search consulting firm. On January 25, 2021 the Board announced the appointment of Nitin J. Mhatre as
President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and the Bank effective January 29, 2021. With the
appointment of Mr. Mhatre, Mr. Gray resumed his ongoing duties as President and Chief Operating Officer of
Berkshire Bank and Senior Executive Vice President of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.
Mr. Mhatre is a senior banking executive with 25 years of community and global banking experience. Most
recently, as Executive Vice President, Community Banking at Webster Bank, Mr. Mhatre was a member of Webster
Bank's executive team and led its consumer and business banking businesses. In this role, he was responsible for
profitable growth of the Community Banking segment at the $31 billion bank and led a diverse team of more than
1,500 employees. Previously, he spent more than 13 years at Citi Group in various leadership roles across
consumer-related businesses globally. Mr. Mhatre served on the Board of the Consumer Bankers Association
headquartered in Washington D.C. since 2014 and was Chairman of the Board from 2019 to 2020. He also serves
on the Board of Junior Achievement of Southwest New England headquartered in Hartford, CT.
The Board and management team are fully aligned on the Company's long-term strategic direction. That strategy
focuses on improving core operating performance with a relationship banking model that serves Berkshire’s
communities and clients in its footprint. Berkshire’s brand name and franchise in its markets, its differentiated
customer service and culture, and its purpose-based values are all targeted to support meaningful improvement in
shareholder returns. The Company has five current key initiatives:
• Optimizing Berkshire’s branch footprint through the announced branch sales and consolidations
• Rationalizing the balance sheet to maintain strong liquidity and capital metrics and support improved
•
•
profitability and shareholder return
Further implementing digitization and automation to improve customer engagement and operational
efficiencies
Focusing on core products and services to enhance customer relationships and the customer experience
while exiting non-strategic products & business lines
• Continuing proactive management of asset quality through the pandemic cycle
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Berkshire continues to pursue its ongoing transformation into an innovative 21st century community bank, which
has gained heightened relevance to stakeholders and the Company’s long-term opportunity as a result of this year’s
events. Guided by its Be FIRST principles, the Company continues to foster a more inclusive, innovative and
supportive culture, which is positioning Berkshire to deliver a differentiated and compelling community banking
experience to everyone in its communities, including those who have been traditionally underbanked. Following its
principles, the Company’s COVID-19 response included:
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COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AT DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND DECEMBER 31, 2019
Summary: The major balance sheet changes were the result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on the
economy and federal fiscal and monetary policy. Total loans decreased and demand deposits increased due to the
slowdown in economic activity, resulting in less credit demand and the accumulation of customer liquidity – both of
which benefited from federal stimulus. The funds from loan payoffs were primarily invested into short and long-
term investments and demand deposit growth was primarily used to reduce wholesale funding sources and for short-
term investments. The Company’s operating focus was on meeting customer needs and further strengthening its
capital and liquidity in the face of unknown pandemic impacts on its markets.
Anticipated higher credit losses from the economic impacts of the pandemic resulted in higher loan loss provisions
in the first half of the year, although traditional metrics of loan performance did not begin to significantly worsen
until the fourth quarter. Loan performance was aided by loan modifications and SBA guaranteed PPP loans which
were implemented pursuant to federal bank supervisory guidelines in an unprecedented response to supporting the
economy and financial system.
The long-term impacts of the pandemic drove bank stock prices sharply lower, and in the second quarter the
Company wrote-off the full $554 million balance of goodwill which had been accumulated over the past decade
principally from bank acquisitions when stock prices were higher. This was the principal reason for the $378
million, or 3%, decrease in total assets to $12.8 billion in 2020. Excluding this write-off, total assets increased by
$176 million, or 1%, due to demand deposit growth invested into short-term investments. Largely due to this
impairment charge, shareholders’ equity decreased by $571 million, or 32%, to $1.19 billion. The goodwill
impairment charge was non-cash and had no material impact on the Company’s tangible equity or regulatory capital
metrics, which improved continuously through the year due to the reduction in risk weighted assets resulting from
the proportional shift from loans to investments. Book value per common share measured $23.37 at period-end and
the non-GAAP measure of tangible book value per share measured $22.68 per share.
The Company's goal is to provide a strong foundation for supporting growth in its customer accounts and revenue
drivers across its major markets and business lines based on improvement in forecasted public health and market
conditions. The majority of the $633 million of year-end PPP loans is expected to be forgiven by the SBA in 2021,
contributing to a potential decrease in total loans during the year 2021. The sale of the Mid-Atlantic branches is also
expected to result in a decrease in interest bearing assets and liabilities.
Investments: Due to loan runoff and deposit growth, total short-term investments increased by $992 million in
2020, and total investment securities increased by $454 million. Most short-term investments were held at the
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. The increase in investment securities was concentrated in Available for Sale
("AFS") agency mortgage-backed securities and agency commercial mortgage-backed securities. There have been
accelerated prepayments of mortgage related securities as a result of the low interest rate environment. The
Company purchased $894 million in AFS securities in 2020, accepting lower yields in order to maintain and
increase the size of the portfolio. In the current environment of low interest rates, a generally flat yield curve, and
low credit spreads, the Company has been judicious about redeploying short-term investments into longer term
structures while also maintaining balance sheet flexibility due to the general uncertainties of the current
environment. The fourth quarter securities portfolio yield decreased year-over-year by 0.62% to 2.69%, reflecting
ongoing rolldown of asset yields due to low rates.
The Company managed down the size of the corporate bond portfolio and has carefully monitored its exposure to
credit risk in corporate and municipal obligations during the pandemic induced recession. At period-end, there were
no delinquent or non-accruing debt securities. The Company liquidated most of its portfolio of corporate equity
securities during the fourth quarter. These securities were a component of its capital gains management strategy
related to tax credit investments; this strategy was no longer operative in 2020. The remaining equity securities at
year-end were primarily bond mutual funds targeted toward Community Reinvestment Act eligible investments.
The Company recorded $8 million in net securities losses during 2020 primarily due to the decline in the value of
bank stocks which were a significant component of its equities portfolio. The portfolio of investment securities had
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an unrealized gain of $68 million, or 3.2%, at period-end due to the gain in debt security fair values resulting from
the decrease in interest rates.
Loans: Total loans decreased by $1.42 billion, or 15%, to $8.08 billion in 2020. During the year, the Company
originated $708 million in commercial PPP loans, of which $633 million remained outstanding at year-end. The
Company also reclassified $301 million in loans to assets held for sale, due to the pending agreement for the sale of
the Mid-Atlantic branches. Excluding these loans and the PPP loans, total loans decreased by $1.80 billion, or 18%.
This included a 5% reduction in commercial real estate, a 39% reduction C&I loans, a 30% reduction in residential
mortgages, and a 26% reduction in consumer balances. In the commercial markets, borrower demand decreased
significantly due to the pandemic and the Company adjusted its business solicitation during the height of the
economic shutdowns, while focusing its resources on the operational demands of supporting the PPP program and
managing requests for loan modifications pursuant to government guidelines in support of its markets. Slower
business activity led many borrowers to reduce C&I borrowings and to instead build liquidity. The Company
curtailed business solicitation in certain COVID-19 sensitive industries, and trimmed its exposure to commercial
wholesale and participation balances, while also allowing non-relationship exposures to runoff. The Company
continued to see activity in its commercial lending channels and it remained disciplined in its selection, pricing, and
underwriting processes. Based on market activity and forecast market conditions, the Company is targeting to grow
its middle market commercial business, with a focus on asset based lending and small business banking, and
selected opportunities in commercial real estate. The Company expects overall commercial borrowing demand to
improve as pandemic conditions subside and forecast economic growth emerges.
The decrease in residential mortgages reflected heightened loan prepayments and refinancings due to the drop in
interest rates. Additionally, the Company focused on completing the disposition of discontinued national mortgage
banking operations, and also the supply of secondary market mortgages from area correspondent banks decreased as
all banks coped with higher runoff. Home equity loans outstanding decreased due to reduced borrowing demand and
the portfolio of indirect auto loans continued to runoff in accordance with the Company’s strategy. The fourth
quarter yield on the loan portfolio decreased year-over-year by 0.90% to 3.62% in 2020 from 4.52% in 2019. This
decrease reflected pandemic related impacts, including the decrease in market interest rates, higher prepayments of
higher yielding loans, and the effect of the lower yielding PPP loans. Loans repricing within one year totaled $3.8
billion, or 46% of total loans at year-end 2020.
The majority of PPP loans were originated in the second quarter to existing borrowers to provide payroll support
during the pandemic shutdown. These loans bear interest at 1% and most were primarily written with two year
maturities. They are guaranteed by the SBA and most are expected to be repaid by the SBA as loans are forgiven.
The PPP fees received from the SBA approximated 3% of the loan amounts. At year-end, the Company had a
balance of $13 million in net deferred PPP loan fees paid by the SBA which is being amortized into net interest
income based on the approximate two year expected lives of the loans. The unamortized deferred balance is
recognized in net interest income at the time each loan is forgiven. The Company originated $708 million of PPP
loans in 2020, of which $633 million remained outstanding at year-end. With the issuance of additional forgiveness
guidelines around year-end, the Company expects that the majority of PPP loans will be forgiven in the first half of
2021.
Based on its experience with borrowers during the pandemic, the Company has thoroughly assessed its commercial
loan portfolio to determine the most significant sensitive industries based on exposure, risk rating, and use of
federally supported lending and loan modification programs. The Company has focused on hospitality, Firestone
(specialty equipment lending), restaurants, and nursing/assisted living facilities, which collectively totaled $868
million at year-end. The Company has evaluated the loans in these industries and has expanded its review of other
commercial loans to broaden the scope and frequency of risk assessments. The Company initially identified a larger
group of borrowers as potentially COVID-19 sensitive, including retail, arts and entertainment, medical, and
construction. Based on its experience during the year, the Company has narrowed its focus of COVID-19 sensitivity
to the four groups mentioned above. The Company views these COVID-19 sensitive loans as generally conforming
to its longstanding financial disciplines for loan/value, debt service coverage, and recourse in conformity with
customary industry practices. Based on its longstanding disciplines, the Company believes its exposures within
these industries are reasonably diversified and structured to accomplish overall risk management objectives. The
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Company also monitors its outstanding loans to small business borrowers. Loans with balances of $1 million or less
totaled $773 million at year-end. Some smaller balance commercial loans are monitored primarily based on
payment status, with less availability of current borrower financial information. Small businesses and SBA
borrowers have benefited from various government support programs and may be more vulnerable in future periods
if government support programs are not continued.
Asset Quality: Most asset performance measures remained within risk ranges viewed by the Company as moderate
during the first nine months of 2020, including charge-offs, delinquencies, non-accruals, and troubled debt
restructurings. Some measures moved adversely in the fourth quarter as pandemic impacts on loan performance
emerged more clearly, particularly in COVID sensitive commercial industries. It is anticipated that some measures
will remain elevated in 2021 as some borrowers experience impairment of their liquidity and capital resulting from
accumulating economic impacts of the pandemic. Due to loan payment modifications granted pursuant to
government guidelines, many borrowers did not make a full year of scheduled loan payments during 2020 but
continued to accrue interest and were not reported as delinquent at year-end.
Asset quality benefited in 2020 from the PPP loans, which are intended to support payrolls and therefore support
business operations and employment despite the contraction in the economy. Other federal stimulus measures
included one-time payments issued to most taxpayers and supplemental unemployment insurance. Monetary actions
drove interest rates to near zero, reducing debt service costs and supporting asset values in the public equities and
credit markets. Under year-end legislation approved by Congress, further fiscal economic support was approved for
disbursement in 2021.
Additionally, federal bank regulatory authorities encouraged banks to work with affected borrowers to provide loan
payment modifications to protect liquidity and support solvency. Forbearances made before year-end in accordance
with CARES Act guidelines are not reported as delinquencies and are not required to be analyzed as troubled debt
restructurings. In 2020, loans with conforming loan modifications totaled $1.6 billion, with the majority of
modifications consisting of payment deferrals to commercial customers. The Bank was initially proactive in
reaching out to commercial customers to offer conforming modifications within regulatory guidelines. Most initial
deferrals were 90 day deferrals of principal and interest payments, with deferred payments often added to the end of
the loan term. While the majority of customers returned to scheduled payments during the year, some customers
were provided additional deferrals during the year. In the fourth quarter, the majority of commercial loans receiving
additional deferrals beyond 2020 agreed to pay current period interest during the deferral period. In most cases,
commercial customers requesting further deferrals were individually underwritten, negotiated, and approved. Many
in the hospitality segment and the Firestone segment were provided with fourth quarter deferrals beyond 90 days to
reflect seasonal and specialty operations. Many hospitality modifications included interest reserves established by
project sponsors. At year-end, loans with payment deferrals (including in-process deferrals) totaled $350 million, of
which $331 million were commercial loans. Year-end deferrals measured 4.7% of total loans excluding PPP loans.
In part because of the loan deferral program, accruing delinquent loans did not increase during the year, reaching a
quarterly low of 0.34% of total loans at year-end 2020, compared to 0.54% at year-end 2019. The deferral periods
for the majority of deferred loans were scheduled to expire in the first four months of 2021. Under revised
legislation passed by Congress at year-end 2020, banks can continue to provide qualifying loan modifications
including payment deferrals throughout 2021 without reporting these loans as delinquent or as troubled debt
restructurings. Under accounting principles, loans cannot be maintained as accruing interest if the bank does not
expect to collect the full contractual amount of principal and interest from a borrower. Non-accruing loans remained
little changed during the first nine months of the year, but increased to 0.80% of total loans as of year-end 2021,
compared to 0.42% at the start of the year. This increase was largely due to two commercial relationships which
were identified as substandard prior to the pandemic. One of these was a purchased credit deteriorated credit to a
nursing/assisted living facility acquired in the 2019 bank merger, and one was a hospitality relationship in a market
that became overbuilt. During the fourth quarter, the Company sold $22 million in hospitality loans which
deteriorated during the pandemic.The Company continues to evaluate potential opportunities to sell deteriorated
loans. Net loan charge-offs totaled $38 million in 2020 and $33 million in 2019. Charge-offs in 2020 included $12
million in hospitality loans written down in the fourth quarter due to pandemic related weaknesses. Charge-offs in
2019 included a $16 million charge in the third quarter for one commercial relationship with alleged fraud.
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During 2020, the Company identified certain commercial segments which were determined to be COVID-19
sensitive. The Company refined this group during the year. The two primary segments deemed COVID-19 sensitive
were hospitality loans and loans in the Company’s Firestone Financial specialty equipment lending group.
Borrowers in both of these segments were more at risk of significant revenue declines due to mandated reductions in
travel and social activity. Hospitality loans totaled $301 million and Firestone loans totaled $246 million at year-
end. These two segments accounted for $225 million of the $331 million in total commercial active and in process
deferrals at year-end 2020. They accounted for $158 million of the $338 million in year-end commercial criticized
assets. For the hospitality loans, 91% of the year-end deferrals were scheduled for current interest payments and
many of these were supported by interest reserve accounts. For the Firestone loans, the business lines with the most
demonstrated COVID-19 risk were fitness ($71 million year-end balance) and location based entertainment such as
bowling alleys and family oriented arcades ($44 million year-end balance). Together, these business lines
comprised 68% of the Firestone deferrals and 58% of the Firestone criticized loans. Most of the borrowers in the
hospitality and Firestone segments were expected to be able to resume operations and scheduled debt service if
public health and social conditions allowed more normal revenue production to resume in the first half of 2021.
Non-accruing loans to these segments totaled $18 million at year-end.
Year-end criticized loans increased in 2020 to $359 million, or 2.8% of total assets, compared to $237 million or
1.8% at year-end 2019. This increase was mainly due to the impact of the pandemic on the commercial loan
portfolio. Approximately half of the $331 million in commercial deferred loans was rated criticized at year-end, and
the pandemic impacts on these loans were the main driver of the growth in total criticized loans. For similar reasons,
classified loans (which are those criticized loans rated substandard or lower) increased to $250 million from $162
million, including growth in non-accruing loans to $65 million from $40 million. Loans rated as criticized before
the pandemic remained criticized despite any deferrals they may have been granted. The Company has traditionally
viewed its potential problem loans as those loans from business activities which are rated as classified and continue
to accrue interest. These loans have a possibility of loss if weaknesses are not corrected. Accruing classified loans
totaled $185 million at year-end 2020. Due to the circumstances of the pandemic, the Company also views deferred
special mention loans as having elevated risk of becoming substandard due to uncertainties related to public health.
These loans totaled $49 million at year-end 2020.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans: The Company implemented the Current Expected Credit Losses
(“CECL”) accounting standard on January 1, 2020. The standard changed the basis of loss recognition from
incurred to expected, and expanded the covered financial instruments. The allowance for credit losses on loans
replaces the previous allowance for loan losses. The allowance balance increased by $63 million from $64 million at
year-end 2019 to $127 million at year-end in 2020.
The allowance increased by $25 million to $89 million on January 1, 2020 due to the adoption of CECL. The
Company established a $15 million reserve related to loan credit marks, and the amortized cost basis of purchased
credit deteriorated loans was increased by this same $15 million amount. The remaining implementation increase
was due to the recognition of additional expected losses over the life of the loan portfolio compared to those already
incurred under the previous method. The allowance measured 0.94% of total loans at the adoption of CECL.
Excluding the impact of purchased credit deteriorated loans, the allowance measured 0.78% of total loans. The
Company viewed this as its reasonable supportable estimate of expected credit losses over the expected future life
of the portfolio. The estimate is based on a methodology which considers historic loss rates for loans by collateral
type and includes components for the impact of forecast economic conditions on loss rates, as well as an evaluation
of qualitative factors including current period loan performance metrics and consideration of the benefit of expected
future government support in reducing possible loss rates. The economic forecast utilizes third party base case
projections and estimates credit loss impacts for the next seven quarters. The allowance does not include reserves
for interest receivable. An allowance for losses on credit commitments is included in other liabilities, and measured
$8 million at year-end 2020.
The allowance increased by $38 million from January 1, 2020 to $127 million at December 31, 2020. The
allowance at year-end measured 1.58% of total loans and 1.71% of total loans excluding the PPP and mid-Atlantic
loans. The 0.77% increase from 0.94% at the date of CECL adoption primarily reflected the projected economic
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impacts of the pandemic on estimated future loan losses and was driven both by the changed economic outlook and
by the qualitative impact of the emergence of higher non-accruing loans. At year-end, the economic baseline
expected confirmed COVID-19 cases to reach 47 million in 2021, with the daily case rate peaking in December
2020 and abating by September 2021. GDP was projected to increase by 4.1% in 2021 after declining by 3.5% in
2020. Unemployment was expected improve to 6.9% in 2021, supported by a $2.8 trillion federal deficit spending
projection. The 0.77% increase in the allowance from the CECL adoption date is equivalent to approximately $60
million in net loan losses as the Company’s general estimate of future pandemic related loan losses in addition to
the annual net loan loss rate when the economy is healthy. If conditions were to remain unchanged, the Company
would anticipate that charge-offs would reduce the balance of the allowance as they emerge, and that the ratio of the
allowance to total loans would move towards the level before the emergence of the pandemic. Future loan loss
provisions could result from adverse changes in conditions or from loan portfolio growth. No allowance is provided
for PPP loans which are guaranteed by the SBA. Additionally, no allowance is provided on the loans held for sale as
part of the pending mid-Atlantic branch sale.
Goodwill and Other Assets: The sustained decrease in the price of the Company’s stock in the first half of 2020
was a basis for triggering an analysis of goodwill for impairment. Additionally, the annual impairment analysis was
scheduled for the second quarter. Berkshire’s stock price was $11.02 at midyear, compared to $32.88 at year-end
2019. A goodwill impairment analysis was completed according to Accounting Standards Codification Section 350.
Based on this analysis, the Company recorded a $554 million impairment charge during the second quarter to fully
write-off the carrying balance of goodwill. This analysis was based on an estimate of the fair value of the
company’s equity as one reporting unit. Fair value was estimated based on an income approach and a market
approach, which were equally weighted in the analysis. Both valuation approaches supported a conclusion of full
impairment. The goodwill balance had resulted primarily from a series of bank acquisitions which consisted
primarily of an exchange of shares recorded based on stock market valuations at the time of acquisition. Over this
time, bank stocks were generally valued at a premium to the net fair value of assets, resulting in the recording of
goodwill for these premiums. Due to the pandemic recession and federal monetary actions reducing interest rates,
the outlook for banking industry earnings contracted in 2020, and a number of bank stocks were trading at a
discount to book value at midyear. The impairment analysis concluded that the fair value of the Company’s equity
was lower than its carrying value, indicating a goodwill impairment.
The assets held for sale at year-end 2020 consisted mainly of the loans and fixed assets tied to the pending
agreement for the sale of the Mid-Atlantic branches. This sale is targeted to be completed in the first half of 2021.
The carrying amount of Other Assets increased by $98 million primarily due to the increased net fair value of
commercial loan interest rate swaps and related economic hedges, reflecting the market value changes resulting
from the pandemic impact on market interest rates.
Deposits: Total deposits decreased by $120 million, or 1%, to $10.2 billion in 2020. Due to the pending agreement
for the sale of the Mid-Atlantic branches, the Company reclassified $617 million in deposits as liabilities held for
sale. Adjusting for this reclassification, total deposits increased by $497 million, or 5%. This included a $302
million increase in the year-end balance of payroll deposits, which fluctuate daily. Total brokered deposit balances
decreased by $597 million to $611 million in 2020 as the Company continued to reduce wholesale funding with
proceeds from loan runoff and demand deposit growth. There was growth in demand deposits, as customers
maintained higher liquidity during the pandemic, including the impacts of federal support and lower spending.
Additionally, some funds shifted from higher rate maturing time deposits into money market balances as customers
focused on shorter maturities due to the low and relatively flat yield curve. The cost of deposits decreased to 0.47%
in the fourth quarter of 2020 from 1.11% in the fourth quarter of 2019. This reflected the pronounced decrease in
short-term market interest rates, together with the unusual growth in demand deposit balances and the reduction in
higher cost brokered time deposits.
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Borrowings and Other Liabilities: Total borrowings decreased by $256 million, or 31%, in 2020 as part of the
Company’s strategy to deleverage and reduce reliance on higher cost wholesale funding sources. Including brokered
deposits, total wholesale funding sources decreased by $854 million, or 43%, to $1.18 billion during 2020. The
fourth quarter cost of borrowings decreased to 2.50% from 2.77%, while the fourth quarter cost of all funds
decreased to 0.60% from 1.23%. As previously noted, the Mid-Atlantic deposits were reclassified as held for sale,
and total liabilities held for sale related to this pending transaction measured $630 million at year-end 2020. The
Company expects to settle this sale with loans and cash from short-term investments.
Derivative Financial Instruments: The $3.9 billion period-end notional balance of derivative financial instruments
was down slightly from $4.1 billion at the start of the year. This notional balance includes $1.7 billion in interest
rate swaps with commercial loan customers and an equal balance of offsetting back to back swaps with national
financial counterparties. The Company also has $0.3 billion in risk participations with dealer banks related to
interest rate swaps where another bank is the lead. The estimated net fair value of the derivative financial
instruments increased from approximately zero to $94 million due to the higher value of fixed rate customer swaps
as a result of the decrease in interest rates. This asset is included in other assets on the balance sheet. The Company
delivered cash to the clearing house as a result of its increased obligation to national swap counterparties which is
reported as a use of cash from financing activities in the cash flow statement.
Shareholders' Equity: Total shareholders’ equity decreased by $571 million, or 32%, to $1.19 billion in 2020 due
to the income impact of the noncash charges of $554 million for goodwill impairment and $76 million for credit
loss provision expense recorded during that time. The balance of retained earnings decreased from $361 million to
($233) million. The $41 million year-end 2019 balance of preferred stock was converted to common equity in
accordance with the terms these securities, resulting in the issuance of 522 thousand common shares from treasury
stock, which decreased to $31 million from $70 million.
The ratio of equity to assets stood at 9.3% at period-end, and the non-GAAP measure of tangible equity to tangible
assets stood at 9.0%. The Company uses the non-GAAP measure of tangible equity which excludes goodwill and
intangible assets and which is an important focus for the investment community. Tangible equity decreased by $6
million, or 1%, to $1.15 billion for the year.
All of the Company's measures of regulatory capital in relation to risk weighted assets improved during the year due
to the runoff of non-PPP related loans and the zero risk weighting assigned to PPP loans because of the SBA
guarantee, as well as due to the lower risk ratings of investments. The Company conducts equity stress analyses,
including severe adverse pandemic loan loss scenarios based on forecasts provided by third parties. The Company
believes that its capital is well cushioned above the Well Capitalized metrics in all of the adverse modeling
scenarios based on the assumptions utilized. The Company’s total risk based capital ratio measured 16.1% at year-
end 2020, compared to the 10% Well Capitalized standard for banks. The Company’s Tier 1 capital ratio stood at
14.1% at that date, compared to the 8% Well Capitalized standard for banks.
The Company repurchased $53 million of common stock in 2019. The Company’s plan had been to continue
repurchasing shares to return capital to shareholders which was released by the balance sheet restructuring. The
repurchase plan was suspended in the first quarter of 2020 as the pandemic emerged, and the existing authorization
for share repurchases was allowed to expire at its March 31, 2020 maturity. During the first quarter, the Company
filed a universal securities shelf registration for the routine purpose of renewing the shelf registration that expired in
November 2019. The Company increased its quarterly dividend by $0.01 to $0.24 per share in the first quarter
before the pandemic, in line with previous annual dividend increases. The Company decreased its dividend to $0.12
per share in the third quarter, to better align the dividend payout and dividend yield with its operating earnings as a
result of the pandemic. Due to the loss recorded in 2020, any dividends intended by the Bank’s board of directors
are presently subject to regulatory approval by the Massachusetts Banking Department and any shareholder
dividends intended by the Company’s board of directors are subject to non-objection by the Federal Reserve.
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The change in retained earnings due to the operating loss and the common dividend accounted for most of the net
change in equity. The Company recorded a $19 million benefit to equity from other comprehensive income which
mostly offset a $24 million reduction in equity due to the adoption of CECL. The other comprehensive income
benefit was due to after-tax unrealized gains in the bond portfolio due to lower interest rates. The CECL adoption
impact on equity was principally due to the increase in the allowance for credit losses on loans on the date of
adoption due to the recognition of expected future losses in addition to incurred losses, as well as the increase in the
allowance to offset the increase in the gross carrying value of purchased credit deteriorated loans.
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COMPARISON OF OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019
Summary: Revenue and expense included the SI Financial operations acquired on May 17, 2019. Additionally, due
to the COVID-19 pandemic Berkshire reported losses in the first half of 2020 due to non-cash charges of $554
million for goodwill impairment and $65 million for the provision for credit losses. As a result, many categories of
revenue and expense are not directly comparable year-over-year for the first half of the year. Parts of this discussion
focus on the second half of the year, where year-over-year results are more comparable and less affected by the
merger and the pandemic.
Reflecting the above activity, the Company recorded a loss of $569 million, or $11.33 per share for the first six
months of 2020. This loss was a result of noncash charges for goodwill impairment and the provision for credit
losses on loans. Results returned to profitability in the second half of the year, with second half earnings totaling
$36 million, or $0.73 per share. For the year, the Company lost $533 million, or $10.60 per share. In 2019, the
Company recorded earnings for the year of $97 million, or $1.97 per share. For the second half of 2019, the
Company’s earnings were $48 million, or $0.95 per share.
The Company calculates the non-GAAP financial measure of adjusted earnings to focus on earnings related to
ongoing operations and excluding items described in the reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures which was
set forth in an earlier section of this report. Second half adjusted earnings were $40 million, or $0.80 per share, in
2020 compared to $59 million, or $1.15 per share in 2019. Adjusting items after-tax in the second half of 2020
totaled $4 million and were primarily related to the loss on discontinued operations and the CEO separation.
Adjusting items for the second half of 2019 totaled $11 million after-tax and were primarily related to merger and
restructuring expense.
The decrease in earnings and adjusted earnings was primarily due to pandemic related impacts on net interest
income, which declined sequentially over the last five quarters to $76 million in the fourth quarter of 2020,
compared to $91 million in the fourth quarter of 2019. The return on assets decreased to 0.48% from 0.78% for
these respective periods. The return on equity decreased to 5.2% from 5.9%; this measure was impacted in 2020 by
the write-off of goodwill, which measured 31% of equity at year-end 2019.
The Company has established a provision for credit losses on loans which it views as adequate to cover its
reasonable estimate of expected credit losses, including pandemic related losses, based on forecast conditions at
year-end. It is anticipated that net loan charge-offs will remain elevated in 2021 as predicted losses emerge and are
recorded. Loan loss provision expense may be modest unless health and economic expectations change adversely.
PPP loans are expected to contribute to net interest income in the first half of 2021 but this benefit is expected to
decline in the second half of 2021. Benefits from the Company’s branch initiatives are initially expected to mostly
be offset by pandemic related loan workout costs and strategic investments in core operations. The Company
benefited from an income tax credit in 2020 due to the large pandemic credit loss provision in the first half of the
year.
Revenue: Revenue was adversely impacted by the pandemic in 2020, including the impact of lower business
volumes, fee waivers, and tighter margins. Net revenue from continuing operations decreased by $66 million, or
15%, to $383 million in 2020. Revenue in 2020 included a full year of revenue from SI Financial operations
acquired in May 2019. The full year decrease included a $48 million decrease in net interest income, a $7 million
decrease in fee income, and a $12 million adverse swing in net securities gains/losses. Second half revenue
decreased by $37 million, or 16% to $196 million; this comparison fully includes acquired operations in both
periods.
Net Interest Income: Net interest income from continuing operations decreased by $48 million, or 13% in 2020.
This was the result of a 14% decrease in the net interest margin to 2.72% from 3.17%. The fourth quarter 2020 net
interest margin was 2.61%. Quarterly net interest income peaked at $97 million in the third quarter of 2019,
including the first full quarter of benefit from the acquired SI Financial operations. Net interest income decreased to
$91 million in the fourth quarter of 2019 and then decreased sequentially in 2020 to $76 million in the final quarter.
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The margin was under pressure coming into 2020 due to the anticipated loss of purchased loan accretion income,
including the impact of the CECL accounting standard. The Company’s interest rate risk profile is asset sensitive,
and is structurally sensitive both to the decrease in interest rates and to the low and relatively flat yield curve. The
approximate 1.50% decrease in short-term interest rates resulting from the Federal Reserve Bank’s near zero interest
rate policy response to the pandemic was adverse to the Company’s net interest margin. Additionally, the Company
took on higher cost funds at the start of the pandemic to further strengthen liquidity in the national emergency as
part of its risk management protocol. Also, the decline in higher yielding loans has reduced this yield as the primary
source of interest revenue.
Based on conditions at year-end, the Company is targeting that PPP loans will support net interest income in the
first half of 2021, including the recognition of deferred revenues as these loans are forgiven. The Company expects
that the majority of these loans will be forgiven in the first half of 2021 and that earning assets will decrease in the
second half of the year. The sale of the Mid-Atlantic deposits and loans is also expected to contribute to a decrease
in earning assets. Excluding the impact of PPP loans, the Company is targeting that, based on rate conditions at
year-end, there will be further roll down of deposit costs in 2021 due to maturities of higher rate time deposits and
of promotional rates previously offered on targeted money market deposits. The Company’s goal is that these lower
costs will more than offset the margin impact of asset yields continuing to price down in the current low interest rate
environment. Any margin benefit in the second half is not expected to offset the impact of lower earning assets, and
therefore there may be continued pressure on net interest income in the second half of 2021.
Non-Interest Income: Fee income decreased year-over-year $7 million, or 9% due to pandemic impacts on deposit
and loan fees. Deposit related fees decreased by $3 million, or 11%, due to a decrease in overdraft fee income
totaling $4 million or 33%. This decrease was due to pandemic impacts which resulted in less consumer spending
and higher household liquidity. Additionally, overdraft fees and other deposit fees reflected increased fee waivers,
which were granted programmatically by the Company as part of its support to its communities during initial
lockdowns. The $8 million, or 31%, decrease in loan related fees included a $4 million reduction in commercial
swap fee income due to lower demand, along with impacts from market value adjustments to the carrying value of
commercial loan swaps. Other pandemic related market value adjustments affecting 2020 results related to charges
against mortgage servicing rights and fair valued loans. The Company has $54 million in contractual balances on
taxi medallion loans which are carried at a $2 million fair value. Recoveries on these assets are included in other
income. Other non-interest income also includes securities gains/losses, which the Company does not view as
related to its ongoing operations. The $10 million net securities loss in the first quarter of 2019 was due to the
impact of the stock market selloff on the carrying value of equity securities. Non-interest income is net of charges
totaling $4 million in 2020 and $6 million in 2019 for amortization of tax credit investments, which was more than
offset by income tax expense credits of $5 million and $8 million in those respective years.
Provision for Credit Losses: In adopting the CECL accounting model, the Company moved from an incurred loss
methodology to an expected loss methodology. Due to the emergence of the pandemic, the Company recorded
future expected pandemic losses as provision expense against current period operations. Accordingly, provision
expense increased year-over-year to $76 million from $35 million. The provision in 2019 included a component
recognizing the incurred expense related to a $16 million charge-off in a fraud related commercial situation. The
provision expense in 2020 was primarily due to the emergence of expected future loan losses as described in the
earlier discussion of the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.
Non-Interest Expense: Total non-interest expense increased by $550 million to $840 million in 2020 from $290
million in 2019. This was due to the $554 million second quarter write-off of goodwill described in the earlier
discussion of financial condition. Second half non-interest expense increased by 2% to $145 million in 2020
compared to 2019. The Company utilizes the non-GAAP financial measure of adjusted non-interest expense to
assess its expenses related to ongoing operations. These adjustments in 2020 were primarily related to the CEO
separation, and in 2019 they were primarily related to merger and restructuring charges.
Second half adjusted non-interest expense increased by $7 million, or 6%, to $139 million. This included a $2
million increase in FDIC insurance premium expense due to credits received in the second half of 2019. Technology
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spending increased by $3 million to enhance the Company’s technology infrastructure. Additionally, expenses in the
second half of 2020 included $3 million in charges related to a lending operations project which was completed
during the period. Full time equivalent staff in continuing operations at year-end totaled 1,505, compared to 1,550
positions at the start of the year. The Company has announced strategic initiatives for the sale and consolidation of
branches in the first half of 2021. The Company expects to recognize a noncore net gain on the sale of these
operations and non-core charges in conjunction through these consolidations.
Income Tax Expense: Income taxes are discussed in a note to the financial statements; this note is important to an
understanding of the results of operations. The Company recorded a tax benefit of $27 million in 2020 compared to
a tax expense of $21 million in 2019. The Company recorded a $20 million benefit on 2020 continuing operations,
resulting in a 4% benefit from the loss on continuing operations. The $20 million dollar benefit included a $15
million benefit from the $59 million deductible portion of goodwill related expense, as well as from $3.5 million in
tax credit benefits. The tax rate on 2020 adjusted earnings was 8% due to the lower earnings. In 2019, the
Company’s effective tax rate was 18% on pre-tax income from continuing operations. The Company received tax
benefits at an effective rate of 26% on pre-tax losses of $27 million and $6 million on discontinued operations in
2020 and 2019, respectively.
Discontinued Operations: The Company completed the exit from its discontinued national mortgage banking
operations in the final quarter of 2020. These operations recorded losses of $20 million and $4 million in 2020 and
2019, respectively. The losses included write-downs of related mortgage servicing rights which reflected the
impact of higher mortgage prepayments as well as lower market pricing for the subject rights. Other factors
contributing to the loss in 2020 were severance, contract, and hedge termination costs. Discontinued operations are
excluded from the Company’s measure of adjusted income.
Total Comprehensive Income: Total comprehensive (loss)/income includes net (loss)/income together with other
comprehensive income, which primarily consists of unrealized gains/losses on debt securities available for sale,
after tax. Due to falling interest rates in 2020 and 2019, Berkshire recorded unrealized debt securities gains in both
years. As a result, comprehensive results were a ($514) million loss in 2020 and $123 million income in 2019.
Quarterly Results. Quarterly results for 2019 and 2020 are presented in a note to the financial statements. Results
for all of these periods have been discussed in previous SEC Forms 10-Q and 10-K, except for operations in the
fourth quarter of 2020. Second and third quarter results are often the strongest quarterly results due to higher
business activity during the spring and summer. In 2020, economic activity declined at an unprecedented rated due
to the pandemic. This was followed by a partial rebound in the third quarter, but disease resurgence resulted in
further government restrictions in the fourth quarter. Third quarter results were the strongest in terms of operating
income. Results in the first half of 2020 were a loss due to pandemic impacts on the provision for credit losses on
loans and the goodwill write-down. Pandemic impacts contributed to fourth quarter 2020 results declining from the
third quarter due to lower operating revenue, higher operating expense, and a higher provision for credit losses on
loans.
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COMPARISON OF OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018
Summary: Revenue and expense in 2019 included the SI Financial operations acquired on May 17, 2019. As a
result, many categories of revenue and expense increased in 2019 over the same period of 2018. Additionally,
operations in 2019 included the benefit of restructuring actions in both years, and the benefit of the acquired
Commerce Bank operations which were being fully integrated in the first half of 2018. Earnings per share reflected
the shares issued as merger consideration for the SI Financial acquisition. References to revenue and expense in this
discussion are generally related to continuing operations unless otherwise noted. Year-over-year profitability
declined primarily due to the $16 million charge related to the write-off of one commercial loan due to alleged
fraud. Profitability was also adversely impacted by a lower net interest margin due to the decline in purchased loan
accretion, which had been anticipated, as well as the impact of lower interest rates on the Company’s asset sensitive
balance sheet. Total purchase accounting accretion decreased to $14 million in 2019 from $23 million in 2018. The
Company undertook various initiatives following its strategic review to help mitigate these margin impacts. Results
were also lower due to higher merger charges related to the completion and integration of the SI Financial
acquisition. The Company’s return on equity was 5.7% in 2019, compared to 6.8% in the prior year. Its non-GAAP
measure of adjusted return on tangible common equity was 11.3% compared to 13.5% for these respective periods.
Revenue: Net revenue from continuing operations increased in 2019 by $19 million, or 4%, to $449 million in 2019
compared to the prior year, including acquired SI Financial operations. This increase was divided between net
interest income and non-interest income.
Net Interest Income: Net interest income from continuing operations increased by $9 million, or 3%, in 2019
compared to 2018. This growth was due to a 9% increase in average earning assets, which was partially offset by a
decrease in the net interest margin. The increase in average earning assets included the impact of approximately
$1.48 billion in earning assets acquired from SI Financial on May 17. This was offset by a net decline in other
average earning assets due to the Company’s strategic initiative to reduce less strategically important loans and
investments in order to decrease expensive wholesale funding sources and related leverage. The net interest margin
decreased year-over-year to 3.17% from 3.40%, and the contribution from purchase accounting accretion decreased
to 0.12% from 0.22%. The margin decreased further to 3.11% in the final quarter of the year, including a 0.17%
contribution from purchase accounting accretion. The benefit of purchase accounting accretion decreased primarily
due to the seasoning of purchased credit impaired loans from prior bank acquisitions. Purchase accounting accretion
also benefited from accretion related to acquired SI Financial time deposits, which are contributing approximately 7
basis points per quarter accretion benefit which matured in the second quarter of 2020.
Non-Interest Income: Non-interest income from continuing operations increased by $10 million, or 13%, in 2019
compared to 2018 due primarily to an $8 million swing in unrealized securities gains/losses which the Company
views as non-operating in nature. Fee income increased by $3 million, or 4%, including the benefit of acquired
operations.
Provision for Loan Losses. The provision increased year-over-year by $10 million, or 39%, including the impact
of one fraud related commercial loan loss in the third quarter.
Non-Interest Expense: Non-interest expense from continuing operations increased year-over-year by $23 million,
or 9%, including acquired operations. Merger related expense included the completion of the SI Financial merger.
The Company focuses on its non-GAAP financial measure of adjusted expense which excludes merger charges and
other items set forth in the reconciliation of non-GAAP measures. Adjusted expense increased by $17 million, or
7%. Expenses in 2019 benefited from $3 million in FDIC premium rebates as a result of a return of FDIC reserves
to smaller U.S. banks. The full efficiencies from the merger were not achieved until the fourth quarter of 2019.
Income Tax Expense: The effective tax rate measured 18% in 2019, compared to 21% in 2018. This reflected the
proportionate benefit of tax advantaged income on lower pretax earnings, along with structural changes in the
Company’s tax position, including the impacts of the SI Financial acquisition.
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Discontinued Operations: These national mortgage banking operations became unprofitable in 2018 as a result of
depressed industry conditions due to lower market demand for mortgages as interest rates rose in that period. While
industry conditions improved in 2019 as interest rates moved downwards during the year, these operations
continued to operate at a loss. The net loss was equivalent to $0.08 per share in 2019, compared to $0.07 per share
in 2018. Total revenue improved to $41 million in 2019 from $39 million in 2018, but remained below the $55
million recorded during the profitable year of 2017. Most of the $5.5 million pretax loss in 2019 was due to a $4.5
million charge to write-down mortgage servicing rights based on market indications at year-end.
LIQUIDITY AND CASH FLOWS
Liquidity is the ability to meet cash needs at all times with available cash and established external liquidity sources
or by conversion of other assets to cash at a reasonable price and in a timely manner. Berkshire evaluates liquidity at
the holding company and on a consolidated basis, which is primarily a function of the Bank’s liquidity.
Total cash and cash equivalents increased to $1.6 billion at year-end 2020, compared to $0.6 billion at year-end
2019. Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations decreased slightly to $124 million in 2020
from $130 million in 2019. Net cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations increased to $104
million from a use of $19 million in 2019 as these operations were liquidated during 2020.
The Company’s liquidity strengthened substantially in 2020. A $1.4 billion reduction in loans was primarily
reinvested in investments. Short-term investments increased by $1.0 billion and investment securities increased by
$0.5 billion. A $0.6 billion increase in demand deposits was used primarily to reduce wholesale funds, which
decreased to $1.2 billion from $2.0 billion. The ratio of wholesale funds to assets decreased to 9% from 15%. The
ratio of loans/deposits decreased to 79% from 92%.
The Company has an agreement to sell its 8 Mid-Atlantic branches, which is expected to be completed by midyear
2021. The Company is expected to provide in excess of $300 million in funds to complete this sale, which is
expected to be funded from short-term investments. The planned consolidation of 16 additional branches in the first
half of 2021 is targeted to be completed with strong deposit retention and no material reduction in total deposits.
The Company may see some outflows of demand deposit balances which have accumulated during the pandemic
and which may be drawn down by customers if economic conditions improve as expected. Any net outflows would
most likely be funded from the excess levels of short-term investments that were built up in 2020. The Company
also expects to use these funds to pay down maturing wholesale funds from brokered deposits and borrowings if
conditions remain as anticipated. Due to the decrease in market interest rates in 2020, loan prepayment speeds
increased, maturing time deposits tended to roll into money market deposits, and generally interest sensitive assets
and liabilities both trended towards lower expected average lives, and therefore increased the potential of larger
movements in loan and deposit balances depending on future conditions.
The Bank had unused FHLBB borrowing capacity totaling $1.0 billion at year-end, compared to $1.6 billion at the
start of the year. The Bank also had available borrowing capacity of $816 million with the Federal Reserve Bank at
period-end, compared to $201 million at the end of 2019. There were no PPP loans pledged at year-end 2020, and
the Company did not make any material use of the Federal Reserve’s PPP Liquidity Facility during the year. The
combination of on-balance sheet liquidity and off-balance sheet liquidity described above are viewed as strong
support for any emerging liquidity needs.
Subsequent to first quarter-end, KBRA (the Kroll Bond Rating Agency) reaffirmed the Company’s and the Bank’s
existing bond ratings, including the Bank’s A- ratings on deposits and senior debt. The ratings were affirmed with a
negative outlook on the long-term ratings due to the uncertain economic impacts from the pandemic. The Company
maintains ongoing relationships with correspondents and investment banks which provide further potential options
for financial support to the Bank and the Company. At period-end, the Company had $84 million in cash at the
parent held on deposit in the Bank. The holding company generally expects to maintain cash on hand equivalent to
normal cash uses, including common stock dividends, for at least a one year period. Beginning in the third quarter
of 2020, the Company cut its cash dividend to shareholders in half, reducing the quarterly cash dividend
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requirement from $12 million to $6 million. Over the long-term, the Company relies on cash dividends from the
Bank to provide operating cash and cash for shareholder dividends. Due to the second quarter loss, the Bank was no
longer in compliance with Massachusetts banking regulations which generally require positive retained earnings
over the prior three years in order to pay cash dividends to the parent. The Company made application to the
Massachusetts Division of Banks near year-end 2020 to approve a routine bank dividend to the parent to cover the
quarterly shareholder dividend, and this application was approved by the Division Banks after year-end. The Bank’s
goal is to continue to apply for approval of routine quarterly Bank dividends to the parent in the future. Total cash
dividends paid by the Bank to the parent in 2020 were $44 million due to amounts paid in the first quarter in
anticipation of share repurchases, which were suspended due to the onset of the pandemic.
The Company maintains a contingency funding plan based on its assessment of the liquidity stress environment.
Contingency funding information, reporting, and assessment were intensified in the first quarter when financial
markets began signaling distress. Primary liquidity data is reported on daily, and thirty day stress analytics are
maintained on an updated basis. The Company maintains monthly and quarterly cash flow forecasts. A one year
forward liquidity stress test evaluates stress across a variety of stress scenarios, including severe adverse loan loss
scenarios due to the pandemic. The Company has defined strategic options which allow it to meet funding needs in
all stress scenarios.
The Company’s guidelines allow it to respond to liquidity stress by placing higher emphasis when necessary on
liquidity versus margin expansion.
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CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company and the Bank target to maintain sufficient capital to qualify for the “Well Capitalized” designation by
federal regulators. Berkshire’s long-term goal is to use capital efficiently to achieve its objective to become a higher
performing company.
Berkshire views its adjusted internal return on tangible capital as a primary capital resource of the Company. This
non-GAAP financial measure is based on the Company’s measure of adjusted earnings, which excludes net charges
viewed as not related to ongoing operations. The Company focuses on internal capital generation to support
shareholder dividends and organic growth and also to support non-operating charges and/or improvement in its
capital ratios. The Company maintains a universal shelf registration of capital securities with the SEC. Additional
discussion of the Company’s capital management is contained in the Shareholders’ Equity section of the discussion
of Changes in Financial Condition in this report and in the Shareholders’ Equity note to the financial statements.
The Company has investment grade debt ratings and monitors capital market conditions. The Company views its
regulatory capital as well cushioned above the “Well Capitalized” levels, and the Company believes that its plans
are consistent with maintaining proper strong cushions above these levels. The Company conducts equity stress
analyses, including severe adverse pandemic loss scenarios provided by third parties, in addition to Dodd-Frank
stress testing. The Company believes that its capital is well cushioned above the Well Capitalized metrics in the
adverse modeling scenarios based on the assumptions utilized.
Dividends by the holding company require notice and non-objection from the Federal Reserve Bank in the event
that earnings are not sufficient to cover the dividend in the current period or for the four trailing quarters. The
holding company also requires such notice and non-objection in order to conduct stock buybacks in a quarter which
would reduce outstanding shares below the balance at the start of the quarter. In the first quarter, due to the
pandemic, the Company allowed its existing board stock repurchase authorization and the related regulatory
approval to expire without repurchasing additional shares which were contemplated at the start of the year and
which were funded to the parent from the Bank during the first quarter. Due to the second quarter loss, the
Company initiated a quarterly application process to the Federal Reserve Bank for notice and nonobjection for the
routine quarterly dividend beginning in the third quarter. The amount of the dividend was cut in half based on
considerations of Federal Reserve supervisory guidance and based on adjusting the dividend yield and payout ratio
as a result the reduction in earnings. The Company expects to continue to provide notice and seek non-objection
from the Federal Reserve Bank on a quarterly basis until it achieves four trailing quarters of income sufficient to
cover dividends in those quarters. As discussed in the preceding section on Liquidity and Cash Flows, dividends
from the Bank to the holding company are currently also subject to a procedure with the Massachusetts Division of
Banks pursuant to state statute.
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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The year-end 2020 contractual obligations were as follows:
Item 7-7A - Table 4 Contractual Obligations
(In thousands)
FHLBB borrowings (1)
Subordinated notes
Operating lease obligations (2)
Total Contractual Obligations
Total
Less than One
Year
One to Three
Years
Three to Five
Years
After Five
Years
$
$
474,357 $
97,280
63,894
635,531 $
395,475 $
—
9,214
404,689 $
69,405 $
—
16,086
85,491 $
6,014 $
—
11,258
17,272 $
3,463
97,280
27,336
128,079
(1)
(2)
Consists of borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank. The maturities extend through 2040 and the rates vary by
borrowing.
Consists of leases, bank branches, and ATMs through 2039.
Further information about borrowings and lease obligations is disclosed in Note 11 - Borrowed Funds and Note 16 -
Leases of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
In the normal course of operations, Berkshire engages in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles, are not recorded in the Company’s financial statements. As previously
reported in the discussion of changes in financial condition, Berkshire has outstanding derivative financial
instruments and engages in hedging activities, and the fair value of these contracts is recorded on the balance
sheet.The Company’s agreement to sell its Mid-Atlantic branches is an off-balance sheet arrangement which is
expected to be completed in the first half of 2021.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The most significant fair value measurements recorded by the Company are those related to assets and liabilities
acquired in business combinations. These measurements are discussed further in the mergers and acquisitions note
to the financial statements. The premium or discount value of acquired loans has historically been the most
significant element of this presentation.
The Company makes further measurements of fair value of certain assets and liabilities, as described in the related
note in the financial statements. The most significant measurements of recurring fair values of financial instruments
primarily relate to securities available for sale, marketable equity securities, and derivative instruments. These
measurements were included in the previous discussion of changes in financial condition, and were generally based
on Level 2 market based inputs. Non-recurring fair value measurements primarily relate to certain corporate bonds,
impaired loans, capitalized mortgage servicing rights, and other real estate owned. When measurement is required,
these measures are generally based on Level 3 inputs. Acquired corporate bonds and industrial development bonds
are valued based on Level 3 inputs.
Berkshire provides a summary of estimated fair values of financial instruments at each period-end. The premium or
discount value of loans has historically been the most significant element of this presentation. This amount is a
Level 3 estimate and reflects management’s subjective judgments.
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IMPACT OF INFLATION AND CHANGING PRICES
The financial statements and related financial data presented in this Form 10-K have been prepared in conformity
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require the measurement of
financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative
purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of the
assets and liabilities of the Bank are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on
the Bank’s performance than the general level of inflation. Interest rates may be affected by inflation, but the
direction and magnitude of the impact may vary. A sudden change in inflation (or expectations about inflation),
with a related change in interest rates, would have a significant impact on our operations.
IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Please refer to the notes on Recently Adopted Accounting Principles and Future Application of Accounting
Pronouncements in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the financial statements. Modifications to
significant accounting policies made during the year are also described in Note 1 to the financial statements. The
preparation of the financial statements in accordance with GAAP and practices generally applicable to the financial
services industry requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and to disclose contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.
Management has identified the Company's most critical accounting policies as related to:
• Allowance for Credit Losses
• Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets
•
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
These particular significant accounting policies are considered most critical in that they are important to the
Company’s financial condition and results, and they require management’s subjective and complex judgment as a
result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. All of these most
critical accounting policies were significant in determining income and financial condition based on events in 2020.
ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT
Following sections of this report on Form 10-K include discussion of market risk and risk factors. Risk management
is overseen by the Company’s Chief Risk Officer, who reports directly to the CEO. This position oversees
compliance, information security, risk management policy, and coordinates with the strategic services function
which monitors most aspects of credit quality. Enterprise risk assessments are brought to the Company’s Enterprise
Risk Management Committee, and then are reported to the Board’s Risk Management and Capital Committee. The
high level corporate risk assessment focuses on the following material business risks: credit risk, interest rate risk,
price risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, compliance risk, strategic risk, and reputation risk. The credit risk
category has the highest weighting. Based on management's recent review, all risks were within corporate appetites.
Trends toward increasing risk were noted for credit risk and compliance risk due largely to the pandemic; liquidity
risks were declining due to elevated liquid assets. For all material business risks, the inherent risk was viewed as
heightened due to the environment, but the residual risk was viewed as medium/low to medium due to mitigating
controls functioning in the Company.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
MANAGEMENT OF INTEREST RATE RISK AND MARKET RISK ANALYSIS
Qualitative Aspects of Market Risk. The Company’s most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk. The
Company seeks to avoid fluctuations in its net interest income and to maximize net interest income within
acceptable levels of risk through periods of changing interest rates. The Company also seeks to manage the risk of
interest rate changes to its net income and the economic value of equity. The Company maintains an Enterprise Risk
Management/Asset-Liability Committee (ERM/ALCO) that is responsible for reviewing its asset-liability policies
and interest rate risk position. This Committee meets regularly, and the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer report
trends and interest rate risk position to the Risk Management and Capital Committee of the Board of Directors on at
least a quarterly basis. The manner and extent of the movement of interest rates is an uncertainty that could have a
negative impact on the Company’s net interest income and earnings.
The Company manages its interest rate risk by analyzing the sensitivities and adjusting the mix of its assets and
liabilities, including derivative financial instruments. The Company also uses secondary markets, brokerages, and
counterparties to accommodate customer demand for long-term fixed rate loans and to provide it with flexibility in
managing its balance sheet positions.
Quantitative Aspects of Market Risk. The Company measures its interest rate sensitivity primarily by evaluating
models of net interest income over one year, two years, and three year time horizons. The Company generally
models a base case assuming no changes in interest rates or balance sheet composition and then assuming various
scenarios of ramped interest rate changes, shocked interest rate changes, and changes involving twists in the yield
curve. The Bank also evaluates its equity at risk from interest rate changes through discounted cash flow analysis.
This measure assesses the present value of changes to equity based on long-term impacts of rate changes beyond the
time horizons evaluated for net interest income at risk.
The Company uses a simulation model to measure the changes in net interest income. The chart below shows the
analysis of the scenario where interest rates ramp up in the first year compared to a base case of flat interest rates,
assuming a parallel shift in the yield curve. Loans, deposits, and borrowings are modeled expected to reprice at the
repricing or maturity date. Pricing caps and floors are included in the simulation model. The Company uses
prepayment guidelines set forth by market sources as well as Company generated data where applicable. Generally,
cash flows from loans and securities are assumed to be reinvested to maintain a static balance sheet. Other
assumptions about balance sheet mix are generally held constant. There were no material changes to the way that
the Company measures market risk in 2020. The model at year-end 2020 included two adjustments reflecting
conditions at that date. The modeled balance sheet excluded the assets and liabilities related to the Mid-Atlantic
branch sale, including loans and deposits held for sale, with a reduction in short-term investments sufficient to fund
the sale. The model also assumed that the balance of PPP loans expected to be repaid were not reinvested and these
funds are modeled to payoff the corresponding wholesale funding as it matures. Neither of these adjustments was
viewed as material to the projection results, and both of these items are targeted to be substantially completed by
midyear 2021.
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Item 7-7A - Table 2 - Qualitative Aspects of Market Risk
Change in
Interest Rates-Basis
Points (Rate Ramp)
(In thousands)
At December 31, 2020
+300
+200
+100
-100
At December 31, 2019
+300
+200
+100
-100
1- 12 Months
13- 24 Months
$ Change
% Change
$ Change
% Change
$
$
5,578
(108)
(3,090)
5,408
17,080
11,070
5,107
(6,559)
1.78 % $
(0.03)
(0.99)
1.73
4.70 % $
3.00
1.40
(1.80)
27,942
12,199
(943)
6,769
28,003
19,589
10,289
(13,611)
9.17 %
4.01
(0.31)
2.22
7.60 %
5.30
2.80
(3.70)
Berkshire’s objective is to maintain a neutral or asset sensitive interest rate risk profile, as measured by the
sensitivity of net interest income to market interest rate changes.As a lookback on 2020 positioning and market
events, the Company was positioned to expect a decrease in net interest income in the unexpected event of a
downward shift in interest rates, which is what happened early in 2020. A downward shock of 100 basis points was
expected to result in approximately a 4% decrease in net interest income in the first year. Following the downward
shock of approximately 150 basis points near the end of the first quarter, net interest income decreased sequentially
by 10% in the second quarter.
The Company’s asset sensitivity roughly doubled over the first nine months of the year. This was due to the influx
of non-interest bearing demand deposit balances, the growth in short-term investments, the initial lengthening of
wholesale fund maturities, runoff of higher rate fixed rate assets, and the assumed higher prepayment speeds of the
remaining portfolio. Also, the reduction in base case net interest income increases the relative impact of changes
due to interest rate sensitivity. In line directionally with this modeled sensitivity, at the start of the year, the sharp
decrease in interest rates in the first quarter resulted in compression of the Company’s net interest margin in the first
half of 2020. Also in line directionally with the model, the margin stabilized in the second half of the year as deposit
pricing began to catch up with loan yield compression.
The Company’s interest rate sensitivity decreased significantly in the final quarter of the year, with net interest
income sensitivity moving to nearly neutral at year-end. Contributing factors were the branch sale agreement, an
increase in investment securities, and accumulating impacts of payoffs of LIBOR based loans and shortening of the
liability maturity ladder. In the first year of the four modeled scenarios, the impact of the modeled change in net
interest income was less than 2% in all four scenarios. In the second modeled year, the percentage change in net
interest income was less than the sensitivity shown at year-end 2019 for all scenarios except the +300 basis point
scenario. At year-end 2020, the greatest modeled sensitivity was in the second year of the +200 basis point and
+300 basis point scenarios, where the positive interest sensitivity exceeded $10 million in annual net interest income
based on the modeled parallel shifts in interest rates.
Due to the low level of interest rates, the modeled sensitivity of a downward shift in interest rates is affected by
assumptions related to market influences on spreads and floors applied to zero rate indicates. Prime, mortgage rates,
and deposits are floored. All other rates are zero bound. Measures of risk in an upward rate environment were close
to neutral at year-end 2020 in both year one and year two of the 100 basis point upward scenarios, and in the first
year of a 200 basis point increase. The Company also models sensitivity to yield curve twists. A steepening of the
yield curve is more asset sensitive than the scenario of a parallel shift. The above sensitivities are compared to the
baseline static model and based on current interest rates and modeling assumptions. Further flattening of the yield
curve also presents the possibility of compressing the margin, including the impact of tighter market spreads due to
competitive factors in such environments.
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In addition to modeling the sensitivity of net interest income, the Company also models the sensitivity of net income
and of equity at risk in the event of rate changes. The dollar amount of net income at risk was modeled to generally
be the same as the amount of net-interest income at risk in the two percent ramp up scenario. The Company’s equity
at risk is normally modeled as liability sensitive, due to the overall shorter duration of its funding sources compared
to earning assets. This liability sensitivity had shifted to near neutral at year-end 2019, and equity at risk was asset
sensitive at year-end 2020, increasing by approximately 3% in the event of a 200 basis point upward shock.
Modeled interest rate sensitivity depends on material assumptions. Additionally, market risk exposure is affected by
the level and shape of the yield curve in markets for financial instruments including U.S. Treasury obligations,
forward interest rate derivatives, the U.S. prime interest rate, and LIBOR rates. Also, the economic impact on
customer and market behaviors of the COVID-19 pandemic remains uncertain and may cause actual events to differ
from assumptions.
A critical component of the Company’s modeling is the assumption of deposit interest rate sensitivity, which the
Company continues to model at a 40% beta level. Results in 2020 for non-brokered deposits were generally
consistent with this assumption. The behavior of markets under the historically unusual conditions currently
prevailing may be different from modeling assumptions, and the Company continues to monitor the markets and the
assumptions in its model.
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ITEM 8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Consolidated Financial Statements and supplementary data required by this item are presented elsewhere in this
report beginning on page F-1, in the order shown below:
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss)/Income for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and
2018
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and
2018
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company’s management, including the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer,
have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in
Rule 13a and 15(d) -15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange
Act”) as of December 31, 2019. Based upon their evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal
Financial Officer concluded that, as of that date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective
for the purpose of ensuring that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or
submits under the Exchange Act with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”): (1) is recorded,
processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and (2) is
accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal
financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The Company evaluated changes in its internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the last fiscal quarter. The Company determined that
there were no changes that materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s
internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting and the
independent registered public accounting firm’s report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting
are contained in “Item 8 — Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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PART III
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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
For information concerning the directors of the Company, the information contained under the sections captioned
“Proposal 1 - Election of Directors for a One-Year Term” in Berkshire’s Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual
Meeting of Stockholders (“Proxy Statement”) is incorporated by reference. The following table sets forth certain
information regarding the executive officers of the Company.
Name
Nitin J. Mhatre
Sean A. Gray
James M. Moses
George F. Bacigalupo
Age
Position
President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company; Chief Executive Officer
- Berkshire Bank; Director of Berkshire Hills Bancorp and Berkshire Bank
45 Senior Executive Vice President of the Company; President - Berkshire Bank
50
44
66
Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of the Company;
Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer - Berkshire Bank
Senior Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial Banking - Berkshire
Bank
Tami F. Gunsch
Gregory D. Lindenmuth
Deborah A. Stephenson
Jennifer M. Carmichael
58 Senior Executive Vice President, Head of Consumer Banking - Berkshire Bank
53 Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Risk Officer – Berkshire Bank
50 Senior Executive Vice President, Regulatory & Compliance- Berkshire Bank
44 Executive Vice President, Chief Internal Audit Officer - Berkshire Bank
Jacqueline Courtwright
57
Executive Vice President, Chief Human Resources and Culture Officer –
Berkshire Bank
Georgia Melas
57 Executive Vice President, Chief Credit Officer – Berkshire Bank
Wm. Gordon Prescott
59
Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary - Berkshire
Bank
Jason T. White
46 Executive Vice President , Chief Information Officer – Berkshire Bank
The executive officers are elected annually and hold office until their successors have been elected and qualified or
until they are removed or replaced.
BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
Nitin J. Mhatre. Age 50. Mr. Mhatre was appointed to the role of President and Chief
Executive Officer of the Company and Chief Executive Officer of the Bank in January 2021.
He was also appointed as a Director of the Company and the Bank. Prior to joining the
Company, Mr. Mhatre was Executive Vice President, Community Banking, at Webster
Bank, where he led consumer and business banking businesses. Before joining Webster in
2009, Mr. Mhatre spent 13 years at Citi Group in various leadership roles across consumer-
related businesses globally.
Sean A. Gray. Age 45. Mr. Gray was appointed to the role of Senior Executive Vice
President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company and President of the Bank in
November 2018. He was previously Senior Executive Vice President of the Company and
Chief Operating Officer of the Bank since 2015. Mr. Gray joined the Company in retail
banking in 2007 and attained the positon of Executive Vice President, Retail Banking.
Previously, he was Vice President and Consumer Market Manager at Bank of America, in
Waltham, Massachusetts.
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James M. Moses. Age 44. Mr. Moses is Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial
Officer of the Company and the Bank, since joining the Bank in July 2016. Mr. Moses
previously served at Webster Bank as Senior Vice President and Asset/Liability Manager.
Mr. Moses joined Webster Bank in 2011 from M&T Bank where he spent four years in
various roles including head mortgage trader, deposit products pricing manager, and
consumer credit card product manager.
George F. Bacigalupo. Age 66. Mr. Bacigalupo was promoted to Senior Executive Vice
President, Head of Commercial Banking, Berkshire Bank in September 2015, having
previously served as an Executive Vice President since October 2013 and Senior Vice
President, Chief Credit Officer since 2011. Previously, Mr. Bacigalupo was EVP of
Specialty Lending at TD Banknorth, where he established the ABL and other middle-market
lending groups. Subsequently, at TD Bank, he was the Senior Lender for New England.
Tami F. Gunsch. Age 58. Ms. Gunsch is Senior Executive Vice President, Head of Consumer
Banking, Berkshire Bank. Ms. Gunsch is responsible for all aspects of the retail banking
consumer experience. Ms. Gunsch has previously held the positions of EVP, Retail Banking
and Senior Vice President. Ms. Gunsch joined Berkshire from Citizens Bank in 2009 as First
VP of Retail Banking.
Gregory D. Lindenmuth. Age 53. Mr. Lindenmuth is Senior Executive Vice President, Chief
Risk Officer of the Bank, a position he was promoted to in October 2018. Mr. Lindenmuth
joined Berkshire in 2016 from the FDIC where he was employed for 24 years and held
multiple positions including Senior Risk Examiner for the Division of Risk Management
Supervision and Acting Regional Manager for the Division of Insurance and Research. With
the FDIC, Mr. Lindenmuth was also a Capital Markets, Mortgage Banking, and Fraud
Specialist.
Deborah Stephenson. Age 50. Senior Executive Vice President, Compliance and Regulatory
of Berkshire Bank. Ms. Stephenson joined the Company in 2014. She was previously Senior
Vice President at Country Bank where she managed retail banking and human resources.
Jennifer M. Carmichael, Age 44. Ms. Carmichael was promoted to Executive Vice
President, Chief Internal Audit Officer of Berkshire Bank in November 2020. She reports to
the Audit Committee of the Board and administratively to the CEO. Ms. Carmichael
previously served as Senior Vice President and Audit Manager. She joined the Bank in 2016
from Accume Partners where she served as Senior Audit Manager to several clients in the
New York and New England regions, including Berkshire.
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Jacqueline Courtwright, Age 57. Ms. Courtwright was promoted in September 2020 to
Executive Vice President, Chief Human Resources and Culture Officer at Berkshire Bank.
She had been appointed as Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer in July
2019. Prior to joining Berkshire in 2012, Ms. Courtwright was VP, Human Resources
Business Partner at Citizen Bank and also held senior human resource roles during her 20
years at KeyBank.
Georgia Melas. Age 57. Ms.Melas is Executive Vice President, Chief Credit Officer of
Berkshire Bank, a position she was promoted to in October 2018. Ms. Melas joined
Berkshire as Senior Vice President, Chief Credit Officer in 2015 from Key Bank where she
held multiple positions including Senior Credit Officer, Commercial Banking.
Wm. Gordon Prescott, Age 59. Mr. Prescott is Executive Vice President, General Counsel
and Corporate Secretary of the Bank, a position he was promoted to in October 2018. Mr.
Prescott joined Berkshire in 2008 as VP, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. Mr.
Prescott has 30 plus years of experience in the legal profession, including extensive
experience as in-house corporate counsel, most recently with KB Toys Inc. prior to joining
the Bank.
Jason T. White, Age 46. Mr. White was promoted to Executive Vice President, Chief
Information Officer of Berkshire Bank in November 2020. He previously served as Senior
Vice President, Chief Technology Officer since May 2019 when he joined the Bank
following the acquisition of Savings Institute Bank & Trust, where he served as Chief
Information Officer and Information Security Officer.
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Reference is made to the cover page of this report and to the section captioned “Additional Information - Other
Information Relating to Directors and Executive Officers - Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in the Proxy
Statement for information regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act. For information
concerning the audit committee and the audit committee financial expert, reference is made to the section
captioned “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors for a One-Year Term", "Proposal 1 - Election of Directors for One
Year Term - Corporate Governance - Committees of the Board of Directors”, and “Proposal 1 - Election of
Directors for a One Year Term - Board Committees and Responsibilities" in the Proxy Statement.
For information concerning the Company’s code of ethics, the information contained under the section captioned
“Proposal 1 - Election of Directors for a One Year Term - Corporate Governance - Code of Business Conduct and
Anonymous Reporting Line Policy” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
A copy of the Company’s code of ethics is available to stockholders on the Company’s website at:
http://ir.berkshirebank.com.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
For information regarding executive compensation, the sections captioned “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors for a
One-Year Term”, “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors of a One Year Term - Corporate Governance - Committees of
the Board of Directors”, and “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors for a One Year Term - Board Committees and
Responsibilities” in the Proxy Statement are incorporated herein by reference.
For information regarding the Compensation Committee Report, the section captioned “Compensation Discussion
and Analysis” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
Information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the section captioned “Additional
Information - Stock Ownership” in the Proxy Statement.
Security Ownership of Management
Information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the section captioned “Additional
Information - Stock Ownership” in the Proxy Statement.
Changes in Control
Management of Berkshire knows of no arrangements, including any pledge by any person of securities of
Berkshire, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the registrant.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth information, as of December 31, 2020, about Company common stock that
may be issued upon exercise of options under stock-based benefit plans maintained by the Company, as
well as the number of securities available for issuance under equity compensation plans:
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Plan category
Equity compensation plans approved by
security holders
Equity compensation plans not approved
by security holders
Total
Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in the first column)
112,280 $
—
112,280 $
22.95
—
22.95
898,483
—
898,483
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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR
INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the sections captioned “Additional
Information - Other Information Relating to Directors and Executive Officers - Transactions with Related Persons"
and “Additional Information - Other Information Relating to Directors and Executive Officers - Procedures
Governing Related Persons Transactions” in the Proxy Statement. Information regarding director independence is
incorporated herein by reference to the section “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors for a One Year Term” in the
Proxy Statement.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the section captioned “Proposal 3 —
Ratification of the Appointment of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Proxy Statement.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)
[1]
Consolidated Financial Statements
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and
2018
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss)/Income for the Years Ended
December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended
December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and
2018
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The Consolidated Financial Statements required to be filed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are
included in Part II, Item 8 hereof.
[2]
Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules are omitted because the required information is either included or
is not applicable.
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Table of Contents
[3]
Exhibits
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (1)
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (2)
3.3
3.4
4.1
Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (3)
Certificate of Designations of the Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock (4)
Form of Common Stock Certificate of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (1)
Note Subscription Agreement by and among Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. and certain subscribers
dated September 20, 2012 (5)
4.2
4.3
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
Description of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. Securities (16)
Three-Year Employment Agreement by and among Berkshire Bank, Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. and
Richard M. Marotta (6)
Separation Agreement between Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc., Berkshire Bank and Richard M.
Marotta (11)
Supplemental Executive Retirement Agreement between Berkshire Bank and Sean A. Gray (6)
Three Year Executive Change in Control Agreement by and among Berkshire Bank, Berkshire Hills
Bancorp, Inc., and George F. Bacigalupo (7)
Three-Year Executive Change in Control Agreement by and among Berkshire Bank, Berkshire Hills
Bancorp, Inc., and James M. Moses (8)
Amended and Restated Three Year Change in Control Agreement by and among Berkshire Bank,
Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc., and Sean A. Gray (9)
Berkshire Bank Enhanced Change in Control Severance Plan (Gregory Lindenmuth and Tami
Gunsch) (16)
Form of Split Dollar Agreement entered into with Sean A. Gray (10)
Three Year Employment Agreement by and among Berkshire Bank, Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. and
Nitin Mhatre (12)
10.10 Berkshire Bank Executive Long-Term Care Insurance Plan (13)
10.11 Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (14)
Senior Executive Short Term Incentive Plan (15)
10.12
Subsidiary Information
21.0
23.1 Consent of Crowe LLP
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101
Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Consolidated Statements of
Condition, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of
Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (v) the
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
tagged as blocks of text and in detail
85
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(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to Form S-1, Registration Statement and
amendments thereto, initially filed on March 10, 2000, Registration No. 333-32146.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 8-K as filed on June 26, 2017.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 10-Q as filed on November 9, 2017.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 8-K as filed on October 16, 2017.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 8-K as filed on September 26, 2012.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 8-K as filed on February 22, 2019.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 10-K as filed on March 17, 2014.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 8-K as filed on September 23, 2016.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 10-K as filed on March 16, 2011.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibit to the Form 8-K as filed on January 19, 2011.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibit to the Form 8-K as filed on August 13, 2020
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibit to the Form 8-K as filed on January 26, 2021.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 8-K as filed on January 23, 2015.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Appendix to the Proxy Statement as filed on April 6, 2018.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibits to the Form 10-Q as filed on May 10, 2019.
Incorporated herein by reference from the Exhibit to the Form 10-K as filed on February 28, 2020.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: March 1, 2021
Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.
/s/ Nitin J. Mhatre
By:
Nitin J. Mhatre
President & Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the
following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
/s/ Nitin J. Mhatre
Nitin J. Mhatre
/s/ James M. Moses
James M. Moses
/s/ J. Williar Dunlaevy
J. Williar Dunlaevy
/s/ Baye Adofo-Wilson
Baye Adofo-Wilson
/s/ Rheo A. Brouillard
Rheo A. Brouillard
/s/ David M. Brunelle
David M. Brunelle
/s/ Robert M. Curley
Robert M. Curley
/s/ John B. Davies
John B. Davies
/s/ William H. Hughes, III
William H. Hughes, III
/s/ Cornelius D. Mahoney
Cornelius D. Mahoney
/s/ Sylvia Maxfield
Sylvia Maxfield
/s/ Laurie Norton Moffatt
Laurie Norton Moffatt
/s/ Jonathan I. Shulman
Jonathan I. Shulman
/s/ D. Jeffrey Templeton
D. Jeffrey Templeton
Director, President, & Chief Executive Officer
March 1, 2021
(principal executive officer)
Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
March 1, 2021
(principal financial and accounting officer)
Chairman
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
87
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
March 1, 2021
Table of Contents
ITEM 8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over
financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the
supervision of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s Consolidated Financial
Statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
As of December 31, 2020, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal
control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework
issued in 2013, by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on
this assessment, management has determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2020 was effective.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the
maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the
assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts
and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and
directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the
financial statements.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 has been
audited by Crowe LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which follows.
This report expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2020.
/s/ Nitin J. Mhatre
Nitin J. Mhatre
President & Chief Executive Officer
March 1, 2021
/s/ James M. Moses
James M. Moses
Senior Executive Vice President & Chief Financial
Officer
March 1, 2021
F-1
Table of Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Shareholders and the Board of Directors
of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.
Boston, Massachusetts
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company")
as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss)/income,
changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31,
2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the
Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in
Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its
operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020 in conformity
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company
maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020,
based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued in 2013 by COSO.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting
for credit losses effective January 1, 2020 due to the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)
Accounting Standards Codification No. 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (“ASC 326”). The Company
adopted the new credit loss standard using the modified retrospective method such that prior period amounts are not
adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable generally accepted accounting
principles. The adoption of the new credit loss standard and its subsequent application is also communicated as a
critical audit matter below.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control
over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting,
included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s
internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with
respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations
of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
F-1
Table of Contents
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was
maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of
the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such
procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and the significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control
over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing
the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal
control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered
necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting
includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail,
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable
assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made
only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may
become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or
procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial
statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to
accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging,
subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our
opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter
below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Allowance for Credit Losses – Reasonable and Supportable Forecast
The Company adopted ASC 326 (“CECL”) on January 1, 2020 as described in Note 1 and referred to in the change
in accounting principle explanatory paragraph above. The estimates of expected credit losses under the CECL
methodology required under ASC 326 are based on relevant information about current conditions, past events, and
reasonable and supportable forward-looking forecasts regarding collectability of the reported amounts. In order to
estimate the expected credit losses for loans, the Company utilized a static loss closed pool model which calculated
a historical loss rate for each of the identified loan segments. The historical loss rates were then adjusted, as
necessary, for current and asset specific characteristics (also referred to as “qualitative adjustments”) and for
expected changes to current conditions over the reasonable and supportable forecast period (also referred to as
“forecast”).
The forecast methodology employed by the Company is complex and involves significant management judgement
along with a high degree of data input and manual intervention.
F-2
Table of Contents
Given that the estimation of credit losses significantly changes under the CECL methodology, including the
application of new accounting policies, the use of new subjective judgments, and changes made to the loss
estimation models, performing audit procedures to evaluate the implementation and subsequent application of ASC
326, in particular relating to reasonable and supportable forecast, for loans involved a high degree of auditor
judgment and required significant audit effort, including the need to involve more experienced audit personnel and
firm valuation specialists.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
Testing the effectiveness of controls over management’s allowance for credit loss forecast including controls
addressing:
•
•
•
•
Testing the design and operating effectiveness of controls pertaining to the development of the reasonable
and supportable forecast.
Testing the design and operating effectiveness of controls pertaining to the completeness and accuracy of
the data utilized in developing the reasonable and supportable forecast.
Testing the design and operating effectiveness of controls pertaining to the key assumptions and expert
judgments applied in the development of the reasonable and supportable forecast.
Testing the design and operating effectiveness of the controls around the mathematical accuracy of the
forecast within the allowance for credit loss calculation.
Substantively testing management’s estimate, including evaluating their judgements and assumptions, for estimating
the allowance for credit loss forecast:
• We tested the reasonable and supportable forecast for compliance with ASC 326, which included the use of
firm valuation specialist.
• We tested the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data utilized in developing the reasonable and
supportable forecast.
• We tested the reasonableness of key assumptions and expert judgements applied in the development of the
reasonable and supportable forecast, which included the use of firm valuation specialist.
• We tested the mathematical accuracy of the forecast within the allowance for credit loss calculation.
/s/ Crowe LLP
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.
New York, New York
March 1, 2021
F-3
Table of Contents
BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)
Assets
Cash and due from banks
Short-term investments
Total cash and cash equivalents
Trading security
Marketable equity securities, at fair value
Securities available for sale, at fair value
Securities held to maturity (fair values of $491,855 in 2020 and $373,277 in 2019)
Federal Home Loan Bank stock and other restricted securities
Total securities
Less: Allowance for credit losses on investment
Net Securities
Loans held for sale
Total loans
Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans
Net loans
Premises and equipment, net
Other real estate owned
Goodwill
Other intangible assets
Cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance
Other assets
Assets held for sale
Assets from discontinued operations
Total assets
Liabilities
Demand deposits
NOW and other deposits
Money market deposits
Savings deposits
Time deposits
Total deposits
Short-term debt
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Subordinated notes
Total borrowings
Other liabilities
Liabilities held for sale
Liabilities from discontinued operations
Total liabilities
(continued)
F-4
December 31,
2020
2019
$
91,219 $
1,466,656
1,557,875
9,708
18,513
1,695,232
465,091
34,873
2,223,417
(104)
2,223,313
105,447
474,382
579,829
10,769
41,556
1,311,555
357,979
48,019
1,769,878
—
1,769,878
17,748
36,664
8,081,519
(127,302)
7,954,217
9,502,428
(63,575)
9,438,853
112,663
149
—
34,819
232,695
387,230
317,304
—
120,398
—
553,762
45,615
227,894
288,945
—
154,132
$ 12,838,013 $ 13,215,970
$ 2,484,249 $ 1,884,100
1,492,569
2,528,656
841,283
3,589,369
10,335,977
125,000
605,501
97,049
827,550
267,398
—
26,481
11,457,406
1,003,005
3,371,353
972,116
2,385,085
10,215,808
40,000
434,357
97,280
571,637
232,730
630,065
—
11,650,240
Table of Contents
BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONCLUDED)
December 31,
2020
2019
—
40,633
528
517
1,427,239
(6,245)
(233,344)
30,871
(31,276)
1,422,441
(8,465)
361,082
11,993
(69,637)
1,758,564
$ 12,838,013 $ 13,215,970
1,187,773
(In thousands, except share data)
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred Stock (Series B non-voting convertible preferred stock - $0.01 par value; 2,000,000
shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding in 2020; 2,000,000 shares authorized,
521,607 shares issued and outstanding in 2019)
Common stock ($0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized and 51,903,190 shares issued
and 50,833,087 shares outstanding in 2020; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 51,903,190 shares
issued, and 49,585,143 shares outstanding in 2019)
Additional paid-in capital - common stock
Unearned compensation
Retained (deficit) earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Treasury stock, at cost (1,070,103 shares in 2020 and 2,318,047 shares in 2019)
Total shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
Table of Contents
BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands)
Interest and dividend income
Loans
Securities and other
Total interest and dividend income
Interest expense
Deposits
Borrowings and subordinated notes
Total interest expense
Net interest income
Non-interest income
Mortgage banking income
Loan related income
Deposit related fees
Insurance commissions and fees
Wealth management fees
Total fee income
Other
(Loss)/gain on securities, net
Gain on sale of business operations and assets, net
Total non-interest income
Total net revenue
Provision for credit losses
Non-interest expense
Compensation and benefits
Occupancy and equipment
Technology and communications
Marketing and promotion
Professional services
FDIC premiums and assessments
Other real estate owned and foreclosures
Amortization of intangible assets
Goodwill impairment
Merger, restructuring and conversion related expenses
Other
Total non-interest expense
(Loss)/income from continuing operations before income taxes
Income tax (benefit)/expense from continuing operations
Net (loss)/income from continuing operations
(Loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes
Income tax (benefit) from discontinued operations
Net (loss) from discontinued operations
Net (loss)/income
Preferred stock dividend
(Loss)/income available to common shareholders
F-6
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
$ 358,015 $ 448,927 $ 406,222
59,672
465,894
51,767
409,782
60,586
509,513
72,715
20,285
93,000
316,782
115,193
29,062
144,255
365,258
78,364
31,330
109,694
356,200
5,190
16,840
27,905
10,770
9,285
69,990
2,597
(7,520)
1,240
66,307
383,089
75,878
788
24,374
31,352
10,957
9,353
76,824
1,438
4,389
1,351
84,002
449,260
35,419
635
23,155
29,806
10,983
9,447
74,026
3,557
(3,719)
460
74,324
430,524
25,451
140,906
147,840
39,586
43,359
26,523
32,364
4,474
3,703
10,798
11,907
3,861
5,876
154
125
5,783
6,181
—
553,762
28,046
5,839
29,726
29,283
840,239
289,857
(533,028) 123,984
22,463
(513,175) 101,521
(19,853)
134,019
36,927
27,147
4,697
7,343
5,734
68
4,934
—
22,144
23,880
266,893
138,180
28,961
109,219
(26,855)
(7,013)
(19,842)
(5,539)
(1,468)
(4,071)
(4,767)
(1,313)
(3,454)
$ (533,017) $ 97,450 $ 105,765
918
$ (533,330) $ 96,490 $ 104,847
960
313
Table of Contents
BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (CONCLUDED)
(in thousands, except per share data)
Basic (loss)/earnings per share:
Continuing Operations
Discontinued operations
Total basic (loss)/earnings per share
Diluted (loss)/earnings per share:
Continuing Operations
Discontinued operations
Total diluted (loss)/earnings per share
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
(10.21) $
(0.39)
(10.60) $
2.06 $
(0.08)
1.98 $
2.38
(0.08)
2.30
(10.21) $
(0.39)
(10.60) $
2.05 $
(0.08)
1.97 $
2.36
(0.07)
2.29
$
$
$
$
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic
Diluted
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
50,270
50,270
49,263
49,421
46,024
46,231
F-7
Table of Contenets
BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS)/INCOME
(In thousands)
Net (loss)/income
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Changes in unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale
Changes in unrealized gains and losses on pension
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), before tax
Income taxes related to other comprehensive income (loss):
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
$ (533,017) $ 97,450 $ 105,765
25,726
34,530
(16,923)
(489)
(270)
336
25,237
34,260
(16,587)
Changes in unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale
Changes in unrealized gains and losses on pension
(6,471)
(8,873)
4,421
112
76
(108)
Total income tax (expense) benefit related to other comprehensive income (loss)
(6,359)
(8,797)
4,313
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
18,878
25,463
(12,274)
Total comprehensive (loss)/income
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
$ (514,139) $ 122,913 $ 93,491
F-8
Table of Contents
BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands, except per share data)
Shares Amount
Shares Amount
capital
compensation
earnings
(loss) income
stock
Total
Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Additional
paid-in
Unearned
Retained
(deficit)
Accumulated
other
comprehensive Treasury
Balance at January 1, 2018
Comprehensive income:
Net income
Other net comprehensive (loss)
Total comprehensive income
Adoption of ASU No 2016-01, Financial
Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) -
Recognition and Measurement of Financial
Assets and Liabilities
Adoption of ASU No 2018-02, Income
Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income
(Topic 220) - Reclassification of Certain Tax
Effects from Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income
Cash dividends declared on common shares
($0.88 per share)
Cash dividends declared on preferred shares
($1.76 per share)
Forfeited shares
Exercise of stock options
Restricted stock grants
Stock-based compensation
Other, net
522 $ 40,633
45,290 $
460 $ 1,242,487 $
(6,531) $ 239,179 $
4,161 $
(24,125) $ 1,496,264
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(65)
33
185
—
(26)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
90
—
2,157
—
279
—
—
—
—
105,765
—
105,765
—
(12,274)
(12,274)
6,253
(6,253)
—
(896)
896
—
—
2,189
—
(7,011)
4,759
—
(39,966)
(918)
—
(578)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(2,279)
904
4,854
—
105,765
(12,274)
93,491
—
—
(39,966)
(918)
—
326
—
4,759
(1,317)
(1,038)
Balance at December 31, 2018
522 $ 40,633
45,417 $
460 $ 1,245,013 $
(6,594) $ 308,839 $
(13,470) $
(21,963) $ 1,552,918
Comprehensive income:
Net income
Other net comprehensive income
Total comprehensive income
Acquisition of SI Financial Group, Inc.
Cash dividends declared on common shares
($0.92 per share)
Cash dividends declared on preferred shares
($1.84 per share)
Treasury stock purchased
Forfeited shares
Exercise of stock options
Restricted stock grants
Stock-based compensation
Other, net
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5,691
—
—
—
—
—
(1,726)
—
—
—
—
—
(65)
11
299
—
(42)
—
—
—
57
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
176,655
—
—
—
(251)
—
932
—
92
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,160
—
(8,843)
4,812
—
97,450
—
97,450
—
(44,147)
(960)
—
—
(100)
—
—
—
—
25,463
25,463
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
97,450
25,463
122,913
176,712
(44,147)
(960)
(52,746)
(52,746)
(1,909)
288
7,911
—
—
188
—
4,812
(1,218)
(1,126)
Balance at December 31, 2019
522 $ 40,633
49,585 $
517 $ 1,422,441 $
(8,465) $ 361,082 $
11,993 $
(69,637) $ 1,758,564
Comprehensive income:
Net loss
Other net comprehensive income
Total comprehensive income
Impact of ASC 326 Adoption
Conversion of preferred stock to common
stock
Cash dividends declared common shares
($0.72 per share)
Cash dividends declared ($1.20 per share)
Treasury stock purchased
Forfeited shares
Exercise of stock options
Restricted stock grants
Stock-based compensation
Other, net
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(522) (40,633) 1,043
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(14)
(91)
37
314
—
(41)
—
—
—
—
11
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
10,395
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(1,570)
—
2,727
—
(4,121)
(5,234)
—
94
4,727
—
(533,017)
—
(533,017)
(24,380)
—
(36,251)
(313)
—
—
(465)
—
—
—
—
18,878
18,878
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(533,017)
18,878
(514,139)
(24,380)
30,227
—
—
—
(473)
(1,157)
1,129
9,355
—
(720)
(36,251)
(313)
(473)
—
664
—
4,727
(626)
Balance at December 31, 2020
— $ —
50,833 $
528 $ 1,427,239 $
(6,245) $ (233,344) $
30,871 $
(31,276) $ 1,187,773
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
Table of Contents
BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss)/income from continuing operations
Net (loss) from discontinued operations
Net (loss)/income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses
Net amortization of securities
Change in unamortized net loan origination costs and premiums
Premises and equipment depreciation and amortization expense
Stock-based compensation expense
Accretion of purchase accounting entries, net
Amortization of other intangibles
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
(513,175)
101,521
109,219
(19,842)
(4,071)
(3,454)
$ (533,017) $
97,450 $ 105,765
75,878
2,513
21,856
11,919
4,727
35,419
2,407
12,759
10,921
4,812
25,451
2,837
(1,004)
10,442
4,759
(10,377)
(14,813)
(24,000)
6,181
5,783
4,934
Income from cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance policies
(5,354)
(5,349)
(6,232)
Securities losses/(gains), net
Net change in loans held-for-sale
Loss on disposition of assets
Loss on sale of real estate
Amortization of interest in tax-advantaged projects
Goodwill impairment
Net change in other
Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations
Net cash provided/(used) by operating activities of discontinued operations
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net decrease in trading security
Purchases of marketable equity securities
Proceeds from sales of marketable equity securities
Purchases of securities available for sale
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and prepayments of securities available for sale
Purchases of securities held to maturity
7,576
(4,389)
(4,267)
(5,137)
327
13
3,645
553,762
3,443
5
6,455
—
3,719
1,460
152
—
4,618
—
(31,247)
(23,418)
30,601
123,977
103,664
227,641
130,419
166,956
(18,894)
55,298
111,525
222,254
734
701
665
(17,631)
(23,841)
(24,538)
33,928
(885,182)
43,075
(119,671)
38,104
(257,547)
69,337
457,586
136,229
240,586
499
188,076
(144,651)
(7,260)
(15,391)
Proceeds from maturities, calls, and prepayments of securities held to maturity
35,331
21,602
36,746
Net change in loans
Acquisitions, net of cash paid
Proceeds from surrender of bank-owned life insurance
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock
Proceeds from sales of Federal Home Loan Bank stock
Net investment in limited partnership tax credits
Purchase of premises and equipment, net
1,054,029
694,657
(801,876)
—
553
110,774
2,451
—
854
(6,741)
(112,208)
(76,090)
19,887
149,455
(7,280)
(4,387)
(7,208)
(10,565)
61,831
(4,724)
(9,349)
(Continued)
F-10
Table of Contents
BERKSHIRE HILLS BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONCLUDED)
(In thousands)
Proceeds from sales of seasoned commercial loan portfolios
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned
Net investing cash flows provided/(used) by discontinued operations
Net cash provided/(used) by investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits
Years ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
37,988
81,147
171
252
150
(313)
—
1,600
(377)
641,103
1,202,582
(861,517)
$ 499,657 $
23,996 $ 233,704
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings
326,277
5,384,982
4,767,766
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings
(582,648) (6,228,780) (4,387,223)
Purchase of treasury stock
Exercise of stock options
Common and preferred stock cash dividends paid
Settlement of derivative contracts with financial institution counterparties
Net cash provided/(used) by financing activities
(473)
(52,746)
664
188
—
326
(36,564)
(45,107)
(40,884)
(97,611)
109,302
—
(917,467)
—
573,689
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
978,046
396,640
(65,574)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
579,829
183,189
248,763
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
$ 1,557,875 $ 579,829 $ 183,189
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid on deposits
Interest paid on borrowed funds
Income taxes (refunded)/paid, net
Acquisition of non-cash assets and liabilities:
Assets acquired
Liabilities assumed
Other non-cash changes:
Other net comprehensive income/(loss)
Impact to retained earnings from adoption of ASC 326, net of tax
Mid-Atlantic assets reclassified to held for sale
Mid- Atlantic liabilities reclassified to held for sale
Reclass of seasoned loan portfolios to held-for-sale, net
Real estate owned acquired in settlement of loans
$
82,319 $ 119,695 $
74,565
21,277
(13,864)
33,406
19,818
32,274
3,029
—
—
1,595,054
(1,530,010)
—
—
18,878
24,380
317,304
630,065
14,845
224
25,463
(12,274)
—
—
—
120,307
—
—
—
—
—
1,600
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-11
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018
NOTE 1.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements (the “financial statements”) of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. and its
subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Berkshire”) have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Company is a Delaware corporation, headquartered in
Boston, Massachusetts, and the holding company for Berkshire Bank (the “Bank”), a Massachusetts-chartered trust
company headquartered in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and Berkshire Insurance Group, Inc. These financial statements
include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and the Bank’s consolidated subsidiaries. In
consolidation, all significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. The results of operations of
companies or assets acquired are included only from the dates of acquisition. All material wholly-owned and
majority-owned subsidiaries are consolidated unless GAAP requires otherwise.
The Company has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and/or disclosure through the date these
financial statements were issued.
Reclassifications
Certain items in prior financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the
date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Refer to Note 17 – Other Commitments, Contingencies, and Off-Balance Sheet Activities for pandemic related risks
and uncertainties.
Business Combinations
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Under this method, the
accounts of an acquired entity are included with the acquirer’s accounts as of the date of acquisition with any excess
of purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired (including identifiable intangibles) capitalized as
goodwill.
To consummate an acquisition, the Company will typically issue common stock and/or pay cash, depending on the
terms of the acquisition agreement. The value of common shares issued is determined based upon the market price
of the stock as of the closing of the acquisition.
Cash and Cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash, balances due from banks, and short-term investments, all of which had an
original maturity within 90 days. Due to the nature of cash and cash equivalents and the near term maturity, the
Company estimated that the carrying amount of such instruments approximated fair value. The nature of the Bank’s
business requires that it maintain amounts due from banks which at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The
Bank has not experienced any losses on such amounts and all amounts are maintained with well-capitalized
institutions.
Trading Security
The Company accounts for a tax advantaged economic development bond originated in 2008 at fair value, in
accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)
320. The bond has been designated as a trading account security and is recorded at fair value, with changes in
unrealized gains and losses recorded through earnings each period as part of non-interest income.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Securities
Debt securities that management has the intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and
carried at amortized cost. All other debt securities are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value, with
unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of other net comprehensive income. Equity securities are
carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income. Management determines the appropriate
classification of securities at the time of purchase. Restricted equity securities, such as stock in the Federal Home
Loan Bank of Boston (“FHLBB”) are carried at cost. There are no quoted market prices for the Company’s
restricted equity securities. The Bank is a member of the FHLBB, which requires that members maintain an
investment in FHLBB stock, which may be redeemed based on certain conditions. The Bank reviews for
impairment based on the ultimate recoverability of the cost bases in the FHLBB stock.
Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method, without anticipating
prepayments, except mortgage-backed securities where prepayments are anticipated, over the terms of the securities.
Premiums on callable debt securities are amortized to their earliest call date. Gains and losses on the sale of
securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method.
The Company measures expected credit losses on held to maturity debt securities on a collective basis. Accrued
interest receivable on held to maturity debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. The estimate of
expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and
reasonable and supportable forecasts.
The Company evaluates available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position by first assessing whether it
intends to sell or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized
cost basis. If either the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is
written down to fair value through income. For available for sale debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned
criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In
making this assessment, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any
changes to the rating of security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security,
among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to
be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash
flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit
losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis.
Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other
comprehensive income.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans originated with the intent to be sold in the secondary market are accounted for under the fair value option.
Non-refundable fees and direct loan origination costs related to residential mortgage loans held for sale are
recognized in non-interest income or non-interest expense as earned or incurred. Fair value is primarily determined
based on quoted prices for similar loans in active markets. Gains and losses on sales of residential mortgage loans
(sales proceeds minus carrying value) are recorded in non-interest income.
Loans that were previously held for investment that the Company has an active plan to sell are transferred to loans
held for sale at the lower of cost or market (fair value). The market price is primarily determined based on quoted
prices for similar loans in active markets or agreed upon sales prices. Gains are recorded in non-interest income at
sale to the extent that the sale price of the loan exceeds carrying value. Any reduction in the loan’s value, prior to
being transferred to loans held for sale, is reflected as a charge-off of the recorded investment in the loan resulting
in a new cost basis, with a corresponding reduction in the allowance for loan losses. Further decreases in the fair
value of the loan are recognized in non-interest expense.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Loans
Loans are reported at their amortized cost. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding, net of the
unamortized balance of any deferred fees or costs and the unamortized balance of any premiums or discounts on
loans purchased or acquired through mergers. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Interest
income includes net accretion or amortization of deferred fees or costs and of premiums or discounts. Direct loan
origination costs, net of any origination fees, in addition to premiums and discounts on loans, are deferred and
recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method. Interest on loans, excluding
automobile loans, is generally not accrued on loans which are ninety days or more past due unless the loan is well-
secured and in the process of collection. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. Automobile loans
generally continue accruing until one hundred and twenty days delinquent, at which time they are charged off. All
interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on non-accrual or charged-off is reversed against interest
income, except for certain loans designated as well-secured. The interest on non-accrual loans is accounted for on
the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status
when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are
reasonably assured.
Purchase Credit Deteriorated (PCD) Loans
Loans that the Company acquired in acquisitions include some loans that have experienced more than insignificant
credit deterioration since origination. PCD loans are recorded at the amount paid. An allowance for credit losses is
determined using the same methodology as other loans held for investment. The initial allowance for credit losses
determined on a collective basis is allocated to individual loans. The sum of the loan’s purchase price and allowance
for credit losses becomes its initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and
the par value of the loan is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of
the loan. Subsequent changes to the allowance for credit losses are recorded through provision expense.
Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans
The allowance for credit losses for loans (“ACLL”) is comprised of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance
for unfunded commitments which is accounted for as a separate liability in other liabilities on the consolidated
balance sheet. The ACLL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the
net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management
believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the
estimate of credit losses.
The level of the ACLL represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the expected life of the
loans at the balance sheet date. The Company uses a static pool migration analysis method, applying expected
historical loss trend and observed economic metrics. The level of the ACLL is based on management’s ongoing
review of all relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past and current events, utilizing a
7 quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period with a 1 year reversion period. The ACLL reserve is overlaid
with qualitative factors based upon:
•
•
•
•
•
the existence and growth of concentrations of credit;
the volume and severity of past due financial assets, including nonaccrual assets;
the institutions lending and credit review as well as the experience and ability of relevant management and
staff and;
the effect of other external factors such as regulatory, competition, regional market conditions, legal and
technological environment and other events such as natural disasters;
the effect of other economic factors such as economic stimulus and customer forbearance programs.
The allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level by the Company to be sufficient to absorb
expected lifetime losses related to unfunded credit facilities (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of
credit).
The ACLL is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company evaluates
its risk characteristics of loans based on regulatory call report code with sub-segmentation based on underlying
collateral for certain loan types. Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows:
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Construction – Loans in this segment primarily include real estate development loans for which payment is
derived from sale of the property or long term financing at completion. Credit risk is affected by cost
overruns, time to sell at an adequate price, and market conditions.
Commercial real estate multifamily, owner occupied and non-owner – Loans in this segment are primarily
owner-occupied or income-producing properties throughout New England and Northeastern New York. The
underlying cash flows generated by the properties are adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy,
which in turn, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Management monitors the cash flows
of these loans.
Commercial and industrial loans – Loans in this segment are made to businesses and are generally secured
by assets of the business such as accounts receivable, inventory, marketable securities, other liquid
collateral, equipment and other business assets. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business.
Loans in this segment include asset based loans which generally have no scheduled repayment which are
closely monitored against formula based collateral advance ratios. A weakened economy, and resultant
decreased consumer spending, will have an effect on the credit quality of this segment.
Residential real estate – All loans in this segment are collateralized by residential real estate and repayment
is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including
unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment.
Home equity and other consumer loans – Loans in this segment are primarily home equity lines of credit,
automobile loans and other consumer loans. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment
rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment.
Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis, which the Company has determined
to be non-accrual loans over a threshold, loans that were determined to be Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”)
and PCD loans. Loans evaluated individually are not also included in the collective evaluation. Estimates of
specific allowance may be determined by the present value of anticipated future cash flows or the loan’s observable
fair market value, or the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell, if the loan is collateral dependent. However, for
collateral dependent loans, the amount of the amortized cost in a loan that exceeds the fair value of the collateral is
charged-off against the allowance for loan losses in lieu of an allocation of a specific allowance amount when such
an amount has been identified definitively as uncollectible.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance
Bank-owned life insurance policies are reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the amount that can be
realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date which is the cash surrender value. Changes in the net
cash surrender value of the policies, as well as insurance proceeds received, are reflected in non-interest income on
the Consolidated Statements of Operations and are not subject to income taxes.
Foreclosed and Repossessed Assets
Other real estate owned is comprised of real estate acquired through foreclosure proceedings or acceptance of a
deed in lieu of foreclosure. Repossessed collateral is primarily comprised of taxi medallions. Both other real estate
owned and repossessed collateral are held for sale and are initially recorded at the fair value less estimated costs to
sell at the date of foreclosure or repossession, establishing a new cost basis. The shortfall, if any, of the loan balance
over the fair value of the property or collateral (excluding taxi medallions), less cost to sell, at the time of transfer
from loans to other real estate owned or repossessed collateral is charged to the allowance for loan losses.
Subsequent to transfer, the asset is carried at lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell and periodically evaluated
for impairment. The shortfall, if any, of the loan balance over the fair value of the collateral comprised of taxi
medallions at the time of transfer from loans to repossessed collateral is charged to non-interest income. Subsequent
impairments in the fair value of other real estate owned and repossessed collateral are charged to expense in the
period incurred. Net operating income or expense related to other real estate owned and repossessed collateral is
included in operating expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Because of changing
market conditions, there are inherent uncertainties in the assumptions with respect to the estimated fair value of
other real estate owned and repossessed collateral. Because of these inherent uncertainties, the amount ultimately
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
realized on other real estate owned and repossessed collateral may differ from the amounts reflected in the financial
statements.
Capitalized Servicing Rights
Capitalized servicing rights are included in “other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Servicing assets are
initially recognized as separate assets at fair value when rights are acquired through purchase or through sale of
financial assets with servicing retained.
The Company's servicing rights accounted for under the fair value method are carried on the Consolidated Balance
Sheets at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in income in the period in which the change occurs. Changes
in the fair value of servicing rights are primarily due to changes in valuation assumptions, such as discount rates and
prepayment speeds, and the collection and realization of expected cash flows.
The Company’s servicing rights accounted for under the amortization method are initially recorded at fair value.
Under that method, capitalized servicing rights are charged to expense in proportion to and over the period of
estimated net servicing income. Fair value of the servicing rights is based on a valuation model that calculates the
present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market
participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate,
prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an
individual tranche, to the extent that fair value is less than the capitalized amount for the tranches. If the Company
later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular tranche, a reduction of the
allowance may be recorded as an increase to income.
Premises and Equipment
Land is carried at cost. Buildings, improvements, and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation
and amortization computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold
improvements are amortized on the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term, plus optional terms if
certain conditions are met, or the estimated useful life of the asset.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business
combination. Goodwill is assessed annually for impairment, and more frequently if events or changes in
circumstances indicate that there may be an impairment. Adverse changes in the economic environment, declining
operations, unanticipated competition, loss of key personnel, or other factors could result in a decline in the implied
fair value of goodwill. Subsequent reversals of goodwill impairment are prohibited.
Other Intangibles
Intangible assets are acquired assets that lack physical substance but can be distinguished from goodwill because of
contractual or other legal rights or the asset is capable of being sold or exchanged either on its own or in
combination with a related contract, asset or liability.
The fair values of these assets are generally determined based on appraisals and are subsequently amortized on a
straight-line basis or an accelerated basis over their estimated lives. Management assesses the recoverability of these
intangible assets at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value
may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount exceeds fair value, an impairment charge is recorded to income.
Transfers of Financial Assets
Transfers of an entire financial asset, group of entire financial assets, or a participating interest in an entire financial
asset are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is
deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the
right to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the
transferred assets.
Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences by applying enacted
statutory tax rates applicable for future years to differences between financial statement and tax bases of existing
assets and liabilities. The effect of tax rate changes on deferred taxes is recognized in the income tax provision in
the period that includes the enactment date. A tax valuation allowance is established, as needed, to reduce net
deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In the event it becomes more likely than not that some or
all of the deferred tax asset allowances will not be needed, the valuation allowance will be adjusted.
In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying the Company’s income tax
positions. Income tax positions and recorded tax benefits are based upon management’s evaluation of the facts,
circumstances, and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than
not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we have determined the amount of the tax benefit to be recognized by
estimating the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate
settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions
where it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will not be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the
financial statements. Where applicable, associated interest and penalties have also been recognized. We recognize
accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.
Insurance Commissions
Commission revenue is recognized as of the effective date of the insurance policy or the date the customer is billed,
whichever is later, net of return commissions related to policy cancellations. Policy cancellation is a variable
consideration that is not deemed significant and thus, does not impact the amount of revenue recognized.
In addition, the Company may receive additional performance commissions based on achieving certain sales and
loss experience measures. Such commissions are recognized when determinable, which is generally when such
commissions are received or when the Company receives data from the insurance companies that allows the
reasonable estimation of these amounts.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company measures and recognizes compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions based on
the grant-date fair value of the equity instruments issued. The fair value of restricted stock is recorded as unearned
F-17
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
compensation. The deferred expense is amortized to compensation expense based on one of several permitted
attribution methods over the longer of the required service period or performance period. For performance-based
restricted stock awards, the Company estimates the degree to which performance conditions will be met to
determine the number of shares that will vest and the related compensation expense. Compensation expense is
adjusted in the period such estimates change.
Income tax benefits and/or tax deficiencies related to stock compensation determined as the difference between
compensation cost recognized for financial reporting purposes and the deduction for tax, are recognized in the
income statement as income tax expense or benefit in the period in which they occur.
Wealth Management
Wealth management assets held in a fiduciary or agent capacity are not included in the accompanying Consolidated
Balance Sheets because they are not assets of the Company.
Wealth management fees is primarily comprised of fees earned from consultative investment management, trust
administration, tax return preparation, and financial planning. The Company’s performance obligation is generally
satisfied over time and the resulting fees are recognized monthly, based on the daily accrual of the market value of
the investment accounts and the applicable fee rate.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements as part of the Company’s interest rate risk management
strategy for certain assets and liabilities and not for speculative purposes. Based on the Company’s intended use for
the interest rate swap at inception, the Company designates the derivative as either an economic hedge of an asset or
liability or a hedging instrument subject to the hedge accounting provisions of ASC 815, “Derivatives and
Hedging.”
Interest rate swaps designated as economic hedges are recorded at fair value within other assets or liabilities.
Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recorded directly through earnings.
For interest rate swaps that management intends to apply the hedge accounting provisions of ASC 815, the
Company formally documents at inception all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well
as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the various hedges. Additionally, the Company
uses dollar offset or regression analysis at the hedge’s inception and for each reporting period thereafter, to assess
whether the derivative used in its hedging transaction is expected to be and has been highly effective in offsetting
changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item. The Company discontinues hedge accounting when it is
determined that a derivative is not expected to be or has ceased to be highly effective as a hedge, and then reflects
changes in fair value of the derivative in earnings after termination of the hedge relationship.
The Company has characterized its interest rate swaps that qualify under ASC 815 hedge accounting as cash flow
hedges. Cash flow hedges are used to minimize the variability in cash flows of assets or liabilities, or forecasted
transactions caused by interest rate fluctuations, and are recorded at fair value in other assets or liabilities within the
Company’s balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of these cash flow hedges are initially recorded in accumulated
other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings when the forecasted transaction affects
earnings. Any hedge ineffectiveness assessed as part of the Company’s quarterly analysis is recorded directly to
earnings.
The Company enters into commitments to lend with borrowers, and forward commitments to sell loans or to-be-
announced mortgage-backed bonds to investors to hedge against the inherent interest rate and pricing risk associated
with selling loans. The commitments to lend generally terminate once the loan is funded, the lock period expires or
the borrower decides not to contract for the loan. The forward commitments generally terminate once the loan is
sold, the commitment period expires or the borrower decides not to contract for the loan. These commitments are
considered derivatives which are accounted for by recognizing their estimated fair value on the Consolidated
Balance Sheets as either a freestanding asset or liability. See Note 15 - Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities to the financial statements for more information on commitments to lend and forward commitments.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into off-balance sheet financial instruments, consisting
primarily of credit related financial instruments. These financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements
when they are funded or related fees are incurred or received.
Fair Value Hierarchy
The Company groups assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in
which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.
Level 1 - Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Valuations are
obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Valuation is based on observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets
or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated
by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 - Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are
significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments
whose value is determined using unobservable techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair
value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
Employee Benefits
The Company maintains an employer sponsored 401(k) plan to which participants may make contributions in the
form of salary deferrals and the Company provides matching contributions in accordance with the terms of the plan.
Contributions due under the terms of the defined contribution plans are accrued as earned by employees.
Due to the Rome Bancorp acquisition in 2011, the Company inherited a noncontributory, qualified, defined benefit
pension plan for certain employees who met age and service requirements; as well as other post-retirement benefits,
principally health care and group life insurance. The Rome pension plan and postretirement benefits that were
acquired in connection with the whole-bank acquisition were frozen prior to the close of the transaction. The
pension benefit in the form of a life annuity is based on the employee’s combined years of service, age, and
compensation. The Company also has a long-term care post-retirement benefit plan for certain executives where
upon disability, associated benefits are funded by insurance policies or paid directly by the Company.
In order to measure the expense associated with the Plans, various assumptions are made including the discount
rate, expected return on plan assets, anticipated mortality rates, and expected future healthcare costs. The
assumptions are based on historical experience as well as current facts and circumstances. The Company uses a
December 31 measurement date for its plans. As of the measurement date, plan assets are determined based on fair
value, generally representing observable market prices. The projected benefit obligation is primarily determined
based on the present value of projected benefit distributions at an assumed discount rate.
Net periodic pension benefit costs include interest costs based on an assumed discount rate, the expected return on
plan assets based on actuarially derived market-related values, and the amortization of net actuarial losses. Net
periodic postretirement benefit costs include service costs, interest costs based on an assumed discount rate, and the
amortization of prior service credits and net actuarial gains. Differences between expected and actual results in each
year are included in the net actuarial gain or loss amount, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The
net actuarial gain or loss in excess of a 10% corridor is amortized in net periodic benefit cost over the average
remaining service period of active participants in the Plans. The prior service credit is amortized over the average
remaining service period to full eligibility for participating employees expected to receive benefits.
The Company recognizes in its statement of condition an asset for a plan’s overfunded status or a liability for a
plan’s underfunded status. The Company also measures the Plans’ assets and obligations that determine its funded
status as of the end of the fiscal year and recognizes those changes in other comprehensive income, net of tax.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Due to the SI Financial acquisition in 2019, the Company inherited a tax-qualified defined benefit pension plan. The
plan was frozen effective September 6, 2013 and SI Financial recorded a contingent obligation to settle the plan at a
future date, which was assumed by the Company. The plan is a single plan under the Internal Revenue Code and, as
a result, all of the assets stand behind all of liabilities. Accordingly, contributions made by a participating employer
may be used to provide benefits to participants of other participating employers.
Operating Segments
The Company operates as one consolidated reportable segment. The chief operating decision-maker evaluates
consolidated results and makes decisions for resource allocation on this same data. Management periodically
reviews and redefines its segment reporting as internal reporting practices evolve and components of the business
change. The financial statements reflect the financial results of the Company's one reportable operating segment.
Recently Adopted Accounting Principles
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles: Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying
the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” The ASU simplifies the test for goodwill impairment by eliminating the second
step of the current two-step method. Under the new accounting guidance, entities will compare the fair value of a
reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, the entity is
required to recognize an impairment charge for this amount. Current guidance requires an entity to proceed to a
second step, whereby the entity would determine the fair value of its assets and liabilities. The new method applies
to all reporting units. The performance of a qualitative assessment is still allowable. This accounting guidance is
effective prospectively for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption
of ASU No. 2017-04 did not impact the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework
- Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” This ASU eliminates, adds, and modifies
certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Among the changes, entities will no longer be required
to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, but will
be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3
fair value measurements. ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2019. Entities are also allowed to elect early adoption for the eliminated or modified disclosure
requirements and delay adoption of the new disclosure requirements until their effective date. As ASU No. 2018-13
only revises disclosure requirements, it did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial
Statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software
(Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement
That Is a Service Contract.” ASU No. 2018-15 clarifies certain aspects of ASU No. 2015-05, “Intangibles -
Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud
Computing Arrangement,” which was issued in April 2015. Specifically, ASU No. 2018-15 aligns the requirements
for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the
requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting
arrangements that include an internal-use software license). ASU No. 2018-15 does not affect the accounting for the
service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract. ASU No. 2018-15 is effective for interim and
annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on the
Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement
of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” and related subsequent amendments, which replaces the incurred loss
methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”)
methodology. The measurement of expected losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets
measured at amortized cost, as well as unfunded commitments that are considered off-balance sheet credit
exposures at the reporting date. The measurement is based on historical experience, current conditions, and
reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking
information to enhance their credit loss estimates. The update requires enhanced disclosures to help investors and
F-20
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
other financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit
losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization’s portfolio. In addition, the ASU
amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with
credit deterioration. For available for sale debt securities with unrealized losses, Topic 326 requires credit losses to
be recognized as an allowance rather than a reduction in the amortized cost of the securities. As a result,
improvements to estimated credit losses are recognized immediately in earnings rather than as interest income over
time. The current expected credit loss measurement will be used to estimate the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”)
over the life of the financial assets. The amendments in this update became effective for annual periods and interim
periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019.
As previously disclosed, the Company assembled a cross-functional working group that met regularly to oversee the
implementation plan which included assessment and documentation of processes and internal controls, model
development and documentation, assessing existing loan and loss data, assessing models for default and loss
estimates, and conducting parallel runs and reviews through December 31, 2019.
Under CECL the Company determines its allowance for credit losses on loans using pools of assets with similar risk
characteristics. The Company evaluates its risk characteristics of loans based on regulatory call report code with
sub-segmentation based on underlying collateral for certain loan types. Loans that no longer match the risk profile
of the pool are individually assessed for credit losses. The Company’s lifetime credit loss models are based on
historical data and incorporate forecasts of macroeconomic variables, expected prepayments and recoveries.
Enhancements were made in the third quarter of 2020 to the Company’s economic adjustment calculation. The
Company implemented segment-level loss calculations based on the equation of the fit line which replaced the
previous calculation using a range. This allows the model to calculate a specific point estimate for the loss rate as
compared to using a mid-point of a range. Additionally, the Company utilized actual loan runoff by segment
whereas previously a calculation was utilized for the weighted average life period. The enhancements to the
economic adjustment calculation were accounted for as a change in estimate and were not considered material to the
overall calculation. Outside of the model, non-economic qualitative factors are applied to further refine the expected
loss calculation for each portfolio. A seven quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period with a 1 year
reversion period is currently used for all loan portfolios. When the risk characteristics of a loan no longer match the
characteristics of the collective pool, the loan is removed from the pool and individually assessed for credit losses.
Generally, non-accrual loans above a threshold deemed appropriate by management, TDRs, potential TDRs, and
collateral dependent loans are individually assessed.
The individual assessment for credit impairment is generally based on a discounted cash flow approach unless the
asset is collateral dependent. A loan is considered collateral dependent when repayment is expected to be provided
substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty.
Collateral dependent loans are individually assessed and the expected credit loss is based on the fair value of the
collateral. The fair value is reduced for estimated costs to sell if the value of the collateral is expected to be realized
through sale.
The Company has elected to present accrued interest receivable separately from the amortized cost basis on the
balance sheet and is not currently estimating an allowance for credit loss on accrued interest. This election applies to
loans as well as debt securities. The Company's non-accrual policies have not changed as a result of adopting
CECL.
The Company adopted CECL on January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets
measured at amortized cost and off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Results for the reporting periods after January 1,
2020 are presented under Topic 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with
previously applicable GAAP. On the adoption date, the Company increased the allowance for credit losses for loans
by $25.4 million and increased the allowance for credit losses for unfunded loan commitments by $8.0 million (in
other liabilities). The increase related to the Company's acquired loan portfolio totaled $15.3 million. Under the
previously applicable accounting guidance, any remaining unamortized loan discount on an individual loan could be
used to offset a charge-off for that loan, so the allowance for loan losses needed for the acquired loans was reduced
by the remaining loan discounts. The new ASU removes the ability to offset a charge-off against the remaining loan
F-21
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
discount and requires an allowance for credit losses to be recognized in addition to the loan discount. The impact of
adopting the ASU, and at each subsequent reporting period, is highly dependent on credit quality, macroeconomic
forecasts and conditions, composition of our loans and available-for-sale securities portfolio, along with other
management judgments. The FASB provided transition relief, allowing entities to irrevocably elect, upon adoption
of CECL, the fair value option (FVO) on financial instruments that were previously recorded at amortized cost and
are within the scope of ASC 326-20 if the instruments are eligible for the FVO under ASC 825-10. It is applied
through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company elected the FVO for the taxi medallion
portfolio resulting in a $15.3 million reduction in loan valuation. As of January 1, 2020, the Company recorded a
cumulative-effect adjustment of $24.4 million decrease in retained earnings, net of deferred tax balances of
$9.0 million.
The Company recorded an allowance for credit losses as of January 1, 2020 on its securities held to maturity of
$0.3 million.
The Company adopted CECL using the prospective transition approach for financial assets purchased with credit
deterioration (“PCD”) that were previously classified as purchased credit impaired and accounted for under ASC
310-30. In accordance with the standard, Berkshire did not reassess whether PCI assets met the definition of PCD
assets as of the date of adoption. On January 1, 2020, the amortized cost basis of the PCD assets were adjusted to
reflect the addition of $15.3 million to the allowance for credit losses for loans which is net of $11.9 million
adjustment for confirmed losses. The remaining noncredit discount in the amount of $3.2 million will be accreted
into interest income at the effective interest rate as of January 1, 2020.
The impact of the January 1, 2020, adoption entry is summarized in the table below:
(in thousands)
Assets:
Loans
PCD gross up
Fair value option
Total loans
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Allowance for credit losses on securities
Deferred tax assets, net
Liabilities and shareholders' equity:
Other liabilities (ACL unfunded loan commitments)
Retained earnings
December 31, 2019
Pre-ASC 326
Adoption
Impact of Adoption
January 1, 2020
Post-ASC 326
Adoption
9,502,428
—
—
9,502,428
63,575
—
51,165
100
361,082
—
15,326
(15,291)
35
25,434
309
8,993
7,993
(24,380)
9,502,428
15,326
(15,291)
9,502,463
89,009
309
60,158
8,093
336,702
In December 2018, the OCC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the FDIC approved a final
rule to address changes to credit loss accounting under GAAP, including banking organizations’ implementation of
CECL. The final rule provides banking organizations the option to phase in over a three-year period the day-one
adverse effects on regulatory capital that may result from the adoption of the new accounting standard. In March
2020, the OCC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the FDIC announced an interim final
rule to delay the estimated impact on regulatory capital stemming from the implementation of CECL. The interim
final rule maintains the three-year transition option in the previous rule and provides banks the option to delay for
two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on
regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period (five-year transition option). The Company is adopting
the capital transition relief over the permissible five-year period.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus, Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act, which provides relief
from certain requirements under GAAP, was signed into law. Section 4013 of the CARES Act gives entities
temporary relief from the accounting and disclosure requirements for troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") under
F-22
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ASC 310-40 in certain situations. In addition, on April 7, 2020, certain regulatory banking agencies issued an
interagency statement that offers practical expedients for evaluating whether loan modifications in response to the
COVID-19 pandemic are TDRs. The interagency statement was originally issued on March 22, 2020, but was
revised to address the relationship between their original TDR guidance and the guidance in Section 4013 of the
CARES Act. To qualify for TDR accounting and disclosure relief under the CARES Act, the applicable loan must
not have been more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019, and the modification must be executed during
the period beginning on March 1, 2020, and ending on the earlier of December 31, 2020, or the date that is 60 days
after the termination date of the national emergency declared by the president on March 13, 2020, under the
National Emergencies Act related to the outbreak of COVID-19. The CARES Act applies to modifications made as
a result of COVID-19, including forbearance agreements, interest rate modifications, repayment plans, and other
arrangements to defer or delay payment of principal or interest. The interagency statement does not require the
modification to be completed within a certain time period if it is related to COVID-19 and the loan was not more
than 30 days past due as of the date of the Company’s implementation of its modification programs. Moreover, the
interagency statement applies to short-term modifications including payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of
repayment terms, or other insignificant payment delays as a result of COVID-19. The Company will apply Section
4013 of the CARES Act and the interagency statement in connection with applicable modifications. For
modifications that qualify under either the CARES Act or the interagency statement, TDR accounting and reporting
is suspended through the period of the modification; however, the Company will continue to apply its existing non-
accrual policies including consideration of the loan's past due status which is determined on the basis of the
contractual terms of the loan. Once a loan has been contractually modified, the past due status is generally based on
the updated terms including payment deferrals.
Future Application of Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans
- General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit
Plans.” This ASU amends and modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit
pension or other post-retirement plans. The amendments in this update remove disclosures that no longer are
considered cost beneficial, clarify the specific requirements of disclosures, and add disclosure requirements
identified as relevant. ASU No. 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early
adoption permitted. As ASU No. 2018-14 only revises disclosure requirements, it will not have a material impact on
the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting
for Income Taxes.” ASU No. 2019-12 removes specific exceptions to the general principles in FASB ASC Topic
740. It eliminates the need for an organization to analyze whether the following apply in a given period: (1)
exception to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation; (2) exceptions to accounting for basis
differences when there are ownership changes in foreign investments; and (3) exception in interim period income
tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed anticipated losses. ASU 2019-12 also improves financial
statement preparers’ application of income tax-related guidance and simplifies: (1) franchise taxes that are partially
based on income; (2) transactions with a government that result in a step up in the tax basis of goodwill; (3) separate
financial statements of legal entities that are not subject to tax; and (4) enacted changes in tax laws in interim
periods. The amendments in this ASU become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and
interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption is not expected to have a
material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, “Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments -
Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Clarifying the
Interactions Between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815 (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task
Force)”. ASU No. 2020-01 clarifies the interaction of the accounting for equity securities under Topic 321 and
investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting in Topic 323 and the accounting for certain
forward contracts and purchased options accounted for under Topic 815. The amendments clarify that an entity
should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the equity method of
accounting for the purposes of applying the measurement alternative in accordance with Topic 321 immediately
before applying or upon discontinuing the equity method. In addition, this ASU provides direction that a company
should not consider whether the underlying securities would be accounted for under the equity method or the fair
F-23
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
value option when it is determining the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options, upon either
settlement or exercise. The amendments in this ASU become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments are to be
applied prospectively. The adoption is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated
Financial Statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on
Financial Reporting.” ASU No. 2020-04 provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP guidance
on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market
transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates, such as SOFR. For instance,
entities can elect not to apply certain modification accounting requirements to contracts affected by reference rate
reform, if certain criteria are met. An entity that makes this election would not have to remeasure the contracts at the
modification date or reassess a previous accounting determination. Entities can also elect various optional
expedients that would allow them to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by
reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. Finally, entities can make a one-time election to sell and/or
reclassify held-to-maturity debt securities that reference an interest rate affected by reference rate reform. It is
anticipated that this ASU will simplify any modifications that are executed between the selected start date (yet to be
determined) and December 31, 2022 that are directly related to LIBOR transition by allowing prospective
recognition of the continuation of the contract, rather than extinguishment of the old contract resulting in writing off
unamortized fees/costs. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the new guidance on the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” ASU No.
2021-01 clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 for contract modifications and hedge
accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. ASU No. 2021-01 also amends the
expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to
tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. ASU No. 2021-01 was
effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2021-01
did not significantly impact the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-24
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NOTE 2. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS AND HELD FOR SALE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
During the first quarter of 2019, the Company reached the decision to pursue the sale of the national mortgage
banking operations of First Choice Loan Services, Inc. (“FCLS”) – a subsidiary of the Bank. The decision was
based on a number of strategic priorities and other factors, including the competitiveness of the mortgage industry.
As a result of these actions, the Company classified the operations of FCLS as discontinued under ASC 205-20. The
Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations, and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
present discontinued operations retrospectively for current and prior periods.
On May 7, 2020, the Company completed a transaction to sell certain assets and liabilities related to the operations
of FCLS. During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company completed the final wind-down of the operations of
FCLS. Operating results for the year ended December 31, 2020, include expenses related to the wind-down of
operations.
The following is a summary of the assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations of FCLS at December 31,
2020 and December 31, 2019:
(in thousands)
Assets
Loans held for sale, at fair value
Premises and equipment, net
Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value
Mortgage banking derivatives
Right-of-use asset
Deferred tax
Other assets
Total assets
Liabilities
Customer payments in process
Lease liability
Other liabilities
Total liabilities
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
$
— $
132,655
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,073
12,299
2,329
3,462
(3,418)
5,732
— $
154,132
— $
—
—
— $
15,372
3,494
7,615
26,481
$
$
$
FCLS funded its lending operations and maintained working capital through an intercompany line-of-credit with the
Bank. Although the wind-down of FCLS resulted in settlement of these borrowings, debt was not allocated to
discontinued operations due to the intercompany nature of the borrowings.
F-25
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following presents operating results of the discontinued operations of FCLS for the years ended December 31,
2020, 2019, and 2018:
(in thousands)
Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Non-interest (loss)/income
Total net revenue
Non-interest expense
(Loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes
Income tax (benefit)
Net (loss) from discontinued operations
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
$
1,525 $
6,085 $
391
1,134
(4,740)
(3,606)
23,249
(26,855)
(7,013)
3,372
2,713
38,517
41,230
46,769
(5,539)
(1,468)
$
(19,842) $
(4,071) $
5,267
2,131
3,136
35,574
38,710
43,477
(4,767)
(1,313)
(3,454)
FCLS also originated mortgages designated as held-for-investment. This component of FCLS’s operations was not
considered discontinued, since the Company expects to continue to originate mortgages designated as held-for-
investment in its footprint on a small scale through processes considered as continuing operations.
Mid-Atlantic Branch Sale
The Company has entered into an agreement to sell its eight Mid-Atlantic branches to Investors Bank of Short Hills,
New Jersey, subject to customary regulatory approvals. The transfer is targeted for completion in the first half of
2021. The branch sale includes loans with a total balance of $301 million and deposit accounts with a total balance
of $617 million as of December 31, 2020. These balances are included in assets held for sale and liabilities held for
sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The buyer has agreed to pay a premium equal to 3.0% of the final deposit
balance transferred. The sale includes all branch premises and equipment, and the agreement provides that the buyer
intends to offer employment to all associated staff. Berkshire expects to complete the net transfer with funds from
short-term investments. The branch sale will have no effect on Berkshire’s Mid-Atlantic specialized commercial
lending operations, including SBA lending at its 44 Business Capital Division and its asset-based lending
relationships.
The following is a summary of the assets and liabilities related to the branch sale at December 31, 2020:
(in thousands)
Assets
Loans
Other assets
Total assets
Liabilities
Deposits
Other liabilities
Total liabilities
December 31, 2020
$
$
$
$
300,599
16,705
317,304
617,377
12,688
630,065
F-26
Table of Contents
NOTE 3.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, and short-term investments with original
maturities of 90 days or less. Short-term investments included $75.1 million and $96.3 million pledged as collateral
support for derivative financial contracts at year-end 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Federal Reserve Bank
requires the Bank to maintain certain reserve requirements of vault cash and/or deposits. As of December 31, 2020,
the reserve requirement was zero. The reserve requirement, included in cash and equivalents, as of December 31,
2019 was $18.3 million.
NOTE 4.
TRADING SECURITY
The Company holds a tax advantaged economic development bond that is being accounted for at fair value. The
security had an amortized cost of $8.7 million and $9.4 million and a fair value of $9.7 million and $10.8 million at
year-end 2020 and 2019, respectively. Unrealized losses recorded through income on this security totaled $0.3
million, $0.3 million, and $0.4 million for 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. As discussed further in Note 15 -
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, the Company has entered into a swap contract to swap-out the fixed
rate of the security in exchange for a variable rate. The Company does not purchase securities with the intent of
selling them in the near term, and there are no other debt securities in the trading portfolio at year-end 2020 and
2019.
F-27
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 5.
SECURITIES
The following is a summary of securities available for sale (“AFS”) , held to maturity (“HTM”), and marketable
equity securities:
Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Allowance
(In thousands)
December 31, 2020
Securities available for sale
Debt securities:
Municipal bonds and obligations
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
Agency mortgage-backed securities
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
Corporate bonds
Other bonds and obligations
Total securities available for sale
Securities held to maturity
Municipal bonds and obligations
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
Agency mortgage-backed securities
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
Tax advantaged economic development bonds
Other bonds and obligations
Total securities held to maturity
$
90,273 $
740,225
433,311
278,990
59,098
52,080
1,653,977
7,530 $
16,836
4,954
9,835
942
1,719
41,816
— $
(235)
(133)
(175)
(10)
(8)
97,803 $
756,826
438,132
288,650
60,030
53,791
(561) 1,695,232
246,520
153,561
35,865
25,481
3,369
295
465,091
20,106
5,989
198
590
93
—
26,976
—
(171)
(29)
(12)
—
—
(212)
266,626
159,379
36,034
26,059
3,462
295
491,855
Marketable equity securities
Total
18,061
$ 2,137,129 $
767
69,559 $
(315)
18,513
(1,088) $ 2,205,600 $
December 31, 2019
Securities available for sale
Debt securities:
Municipal bonds and obligations
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
Agency mortgage-backed securities
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
Corporate bonds
Other bonds and obligations
Total securities available for sale
Securities held to maturity
Municipal bonds and obligations
Agency collateralized mortgage-backed securities
Agency mortgage-backed securities
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
Tax advantaged economic development bonds
Other bonds and obligations
Total securities held to maturity
$ 104,325 $
742,550
146,589
148,066
115,395
40,414
1,297,339
5,813 $
6,431
1,515
176
1,788
780
16,503
— $ 110,138 $
(169)
(360)
(1,146)
(607)
(5)
748,812
147,744
147,096
116,576
41,189
(2,287) 1,311,555
252,936
69,667
6,271
10,353
18,456
296
357,979
13,095
2,870
29
51
218
—
16,263
(5)
(50)
—
—
(910)
—
(965)
266,026
72,487
6,300
10,404
17,764
296
373,277
Marketable equity securities
Total
37,138
$ 1,692,456 $
5,147
37,913 $
(729)
41,556
(3,981) $ 1,726,388 $
F-28
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
64
—
—
—
40
—
104
—
104
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
At year-end 2020 and 2019, accumulated net unrealized gains/(losses) on AFS securities included in accumulated
other comprehensive income/(loss) were $41.3 million and $14.2 million, respectively. At year-end 2020 and 2019,
accumulated net unrealized gains on HTM securities included in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
were $3.7 million and $5.0 million respectively. The year-end 2020 and 2019 related income tax (liability)/benefit
of $(11.5) million and $(5.1) million, respectively, was also included in accumulated other comprehensive income/
(loss).
The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses for debt securities held to maturity by
security type for the year ended December 31, 2020:
(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019
Impact of ASC 326 adoption
Provision for credit losses- reversal
Balance at December 31, 2020
Municipal bonds
and obligations
Tax advantaged
economic
development bonds
Total
$
$
— $
83
(19)
64 $
— $
226
(186)
40 $
—
309
(205)
104
Credit Quality Information
The Company monitors the credit quality of held to maturity securities through credit ratings from various rating
agencies. Credit ratings express opinions about the credit quality of a security and are utilized by the Company to
make informed decisions. Investment grade securities are rated BBB-/Baa3 or higher and generally considered by
the rating agencies and market participants to be of low credit risk. Conversely, securities rated below investment
grade are considered to have distinctively higher credit risk than investment grade securities. For securities without
credit ratings, the Company utilizes other financial information indicating the financial health of the underlying
municipality, agency, or organization.
As of December 31, 2020, none of the Company's investment securities were delinquent or in non-accrual status.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of AFS and HTM securities, segregated by contractual maturity at year-
end 2020 are presented below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have
the right to call or prepay obligations. Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are
shown in total, as their maturities are highly variable.
Available for sale
Held to maturity
(In thousands)
Within 1 year
Over 1 year to 5 years
Over 5 years to 10 years
Over 10 years
Total bonds and obligations
Mortgage-backed securities
Total
$
Fair
Value
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Amortized
Cost
1,952
33,248 $
3,233
8,148
24,026
67,952
241,172
92,103
270,383
201,451
1,452,526
221,472
$ 1,653,977 $ 1,695,232 $ 465,091 $ 491,855
33,265 $
8,276
69,619
100,464
211,624
1,483,608
1,950 $
3,216
23,050
221,968
250,184
214,907
At year-end 2020 and 2019, the Company had pledged securities as collateral for certain municipal deposits and for
interest rate swaps with certain counterparties. The total amortized cost and fair values of these pledged securities
follows. Additionally, there is a blanket lien on certain securities to collateralize borrowings from the FHLBB, as
discussed further in Note 11 - Borrowed Funds.
F-29
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2020
2019
(In thousands)
Securities pledged to swap counterparties
Securities pledged for municipal deposits
Total
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
37,532 $
156,047
$
25,828
175,719
$ 193,579 $ 204,385 $ 194,468 $ 201,547
37,815 $
166,570
Amortized
Cost
25,728 $
168,740
Fair
Value
Purchases of AFS securities totaled $885 million in 2020 and $120 million in 2019. Proceeds from the sale of AFS
securities totaled $69 million in 2020 and $136 million in 2019. The amounts for the sale of AFS securities were
reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income and into earnings. The components of net recognized
gains and losses on the sale of AFS securities and the fair value change of marketable equities are as follows:
(In thousands)
Gross recognized gains
Gross recognized losses
Net recognized gains/(losses)
2020
2019
2018
$
$
4,602 $
(11,133)
(6,531) $
7,492 $
(3,103)
4,389 $
3,256
(6,975)
(3,719)
F-30
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Debt securities with unrealized losses, segregated by the duration of their continuous unrealized loss positions, are
summarized as follows:
Less Than Twelve Months
Over Twelve Months
Total
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
(In thousands)
December 31, 2020
Securities available for sale
Debt securities:
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
$
235 $ 77,898 $
— $
— $
235 $
77,898
Agency mortgage-backed securities
Agency commercial mortgage-back securities
Corporate bonds
Other bonds and obligations
Total securities available for sale
Securities held to maturity
131
175
10
39,939
51,435
4,875
2
—
—
256
—
—
133
175
10
40,195
51,435
4,875
—
551 $ 174,147 $
—
8
10 $
1,030
1,286 $
8
1,030
561 $ 175,433
$
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
Agency mortgage-backed securities
Agency commercial mortgage-back securities
Total securities held to maturity
Total
$
171
29
25,048
20,710
10,216
55,974
12
212
763 $ 230,121 $
—
—
—
—
10 $
—
—
171
29
25,048
20,710
—
—
1,286 $
10,216
12
212
55,974
773 $ 231,407
December 31, 2019
Securities available for sale
Debt securities:
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
$
127 $ 52,623 $
42 $
6,267 $
169 $
58,890
Agency mortgage-backed securities
59
10,640
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
1,097
116,324
Corporate bonds
Other bonds and obligations
—
4
—
1,239
301
49
607
1
23,404
11,250
42,823
29
360
1,146
607
5
34,044
127,574
42,823
1,268
Total securities available for sale
$
1,287 $ 180,826 $ 1,000 $
83,773 $ 2,287 $ 264,599
Securities held to maturity
Municipal bonds and obligations
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
Tax advantaged economic development bonds
Total securities held to maturity
5
50
—
55
800
9,778
—
10,578
—
—
910
910
—
—
6,925
6,925
5
50
910
965
800
9,778
6,925
17,503
Total
$
1,342 $ 191,404 $ 1,910 $
90,698 $ 3,252 $ 282,102
Debt Securities
The Company expects to recover its amortized cost basis on all debt securities in its AFS and HTM portfolios.
Furthermore, the Company does not intend to sell nor does it anticipate that it will be required to sell any of its
securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2020, prior to this recovery. The Company’s ability and
intent to hold these securities until recovery is supported by the Company’s strong capital and liquidity positions.
The following summarizes, by investment security type, the basis for the conclusion that the debt securities in an
unrealized loss position within the Company’s AFS and HTM portfolios did not maintain other-than-temporary
impairment ("OTTI") at year-end 2020:
F-31
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AFS collateralized mortgage obligations
At year-end 2020, 12 out of 225 securities in the Company’s portfolio of AFS collateralized mortgage obligations
were in unrealized loss positions. Aggregate unrealized losses represented 0.3% of the amortized cost of securities
in unrealized loss positions. The Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation ("FHLMC"), and Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") guarantee the contractual
cash flows of all of the Company's collateralized residential mortgage obligations. The securities are investment
grade rated and there were no material underlying credit downgrades during 2020. All securities are performing.
AFS commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities
At year-end 2020, 17 out of 125 securities in the Company’s portfolio of AFS mortgage-backed securities were in
unrealized loss positions. Aggregate unrealized losses represented 0.3% of the amortized cost of securities in
unrealized loss positions. The FNMA, FHLMC, and GNMA guarantee the contractual cash flows of the Company’s
mortgage-backed securities. The securities are investment grade rated and there were no material underlying credit
downgrades during 2020. All securities are performing.
AFS corporate bonds
At year-end 2020, 1 out of 15 securities in the Company’s portfolio of AFS corporate bonds were in unrealized loss
positions. The aggregate unrealized loss represents 0.2% of the amortized cost of bonds in unrealized loss positions.
The Company reviews the financial strength of these bonds and has concluded that the amortized cost remains
supported by the expected future cash flows of these securities.
AFS other bonds and obligations
At year-end 2020, 3 out of 7 securities in the Company’s portfolio of other bonds and obligations were in unrealized
loss positions. Aggregate unrealized losses represented 0.8% of the amortized cost of securities in unrealized loss
positions. The securities are all investment grade rated, and there were no material underlying credit downgrades
during 2020. All securities are performing.
HTM collateralized mortgage obligations
At year-end 2020, 2 out of 13 securities in the Company’s portfolio of HTM collateralized mortgage obligations
were in an unrealized loss position. Aggregate unrealized losses represented 0.7% of the amortized cost of the
security in an unrealized loss position. The FNMA, FHLMC, and GNMA guarantee the contractual cash flows of all
of the Company's collateralized residential mortgage obligations. The securities are investment grade rated, and
there were no material underlying credit downgrades during 2020. All securities are performing.
HTM commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities
At year-end 2020, 2 out of 6 securities in the Company’s portfolio of HTM mortgage-backed securities were in
unrealized loss positions. Aggregate unrealized losses represented 0.1% of the amortized cost of securities in
unrealized loss positions. The FNMA, FHLMC, and GNMA guarantee the contractual cash flows of the Company’s
mortgage-backed securities. The securities are investment grade rated and there were no material underlying credit
downgrades during 2020. All securities are performing.
F-32
Table of Contents
NOTE 6. LOANS AND RELATED ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Upon adoption of ASC 326, the Company evaluates its risk characteristics of loans based on regulatory call report
code with sub-segmentation based on underlying collateral for certain loan types. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326,
under the incurred loss model, the Company evaluated its risk characteristics of loans based on purpose of the loans.
The composition of loans by portfolio segment as of December 31, 2020 and January 1, 2021 follows:
(In thousands)
Loans:
Construction
Commercial multifamily
Commercial real estate owner occupied
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total
Allowance:
Construction
Commercial multifamily
Commercial real estate owner occupied
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total
December 31, 2019
Statement Balance
Impact of ASC 326
Adoption
January 1, 2020
Post-ASC 326
Adoption
$
448,452 $
187 $
$
$
631,740
673,308
2,189,780
1,843,683
2,853,385
378,793
483,287
252
3,185
6,540
(12,212)
1,868
10
205
9,502,428 $
35 $
2,713 $
4,413
4,880
16,344
20,099
9,970
1,470
3,686
(342) $
(1,842)
6,062
11,201
(2,189)
6,799
4,884
861
$
63,575 $
25,434 $
448,639
631,992
676,493
2,196,320
1,831,471
2,855,253
378,803
483,492
9,502,463
2,371
2,571
10,942
27,545
17,910
16,769
6,354
4,547
89,009
F-33
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following is a summary of total loans by regulatory call report code with sub-segmentation based on underlying
collateral for certain loan types:
(In thousands)
Construction
Commercial multifamily
Commercial real estate owner occupied
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total loans
Allowance for credit losses
Net loans
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
$
454,513 $
483,350
552,413
2,119,263
1,943,164
1,931,681
293,981
303,154
8,081,519 $
127,302
7,954,217 $
$
$
448,452
631,740
673,308
2,189,780
1,843,683
2,853,385
378,793
483,287
9,502,428
63,575
9,438,853
As of December 31, 2020, loans originated under the Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection
Program ("PPP") totaled $633.3 million. These loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA and the full principal
amount of the loan may qualify for forgiveness. These loans are included in commercial and industrial.
In 2020, the Company purchased loans aggregating $98 million and sold loans aggregating $415 million. In 2019,
the Company purchased loans aggregating $432 million and sold loans aggregating $310 million. Net gains on sales
of loans were $10.6 million, $12.0 million, and $9.3 million for the years 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. These
amounts are included in Loan Related Income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Most of the Company’s lending activity occurs within its primary markets in Massachusetts, Southern Vermont, and
Northeastern New York. Most of the loan portfolio is secured by real estate, including residential mortgages,
commercial mortgages, and home equity loans. Year-end loans to operators of non-residential buildings totaled
$1.5 billion, or 19.0%, and $1.7 billion, or 18.1% of total loans in 2020 and 2019, respectively. There were no other
concentrations of loans related to any single industry in excess of 10% of total loans at year-end 2020 or 2019.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company maintained foreclosed residential real estate property with a fair value of
$149 thousand. As of December 31, 2019, the Company maintained no foreclosed residential real estate property.
Additionally, residential mortgage loans collateralized by real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure
as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 totaled $3.3 million and $6.5 million, respectively, including sold
loans serviced by the Company.
At year-end 2020, the Company had pledged loans totaling $925 million to the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston as
collateral for certain borrowing arrangements. Also, residential first mortgage loans are subject to a blanket lien for
FHLBB advances. See Note 11 - Borrowed Funds.
At year-end 2020 and 2019, the Company’s commitments outstanding to related parties totaled $2.0 million and
$1.8 million, respectively, and the loans outstanding against these commitments totaled $1.1 million and
$1.0 million, respectively. Related parties include directors and executive officers of the Company and its
subsidiaries, as well as their respective affiliates in which they have a controlling interest and immediate family
members. For the years 2020 and 2019, all related party loans were performing.
F-34
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans
The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses for loans for the year ended December 31, 2020 was as
follows:
Balance at
Beginning
of Period
Impact of
Adopting
ASC 326
Sub-total Charge-offs Recoveries
Provision
for Credit
Losses
Balance at
End of
Period
(In thousands)
Year ended December 31, 2020
Construction
Commercial
multifamily
Commercial real
estate owner occupied
$
4,413
4,880
2,713 $
(342) $
2,371 $
(834) $
— $
3,574 $
5,111
(1,842)
2,571
(100)
100
3,345
5,916
6,062
10,942
(8,686)
1,053
9,071
12,380
Commercial real
estate non-owner
occupied
Commercial and
industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total allowance for
credit losses
16,344
11,201
27,545
(11,653)
307
19,651
35,850
20,099
(2,189)
17,910
(19,328)
4,285
22,146
9,970
1,470
3,686
6,799
4,884
861
16,769
6,354
4,547
(2,285)
1,359
(347)
(2,562)
292
609
12,648
183
5,465
25,013
28,491
6,482
8,059
$
63,575 $
25,434 $ 89,009 $
(45,795) $
8,005 $
76,083 $
127,302
The Company’s allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (other liability on
consolidated balance sheet), with adjustments to the reserve recognized in other noninterest expense in the
Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded
commitments for the year ended December 31, 2020 was as follows:
(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019
Impact of adopting ASC 326
Sub-Total
Release of expense for credit losses
Balance at December 31, 2020
Total
100
7,993
8,093
(464)
7,629
$
$
F-35
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Credit Quality Information
The Company monitors the credit quality of its portfolio by using internal risk ratings that are based on regulatory
guidance. Loans that are given a Pass rating are not considered a problem credit. Loans that are classified as Special
Mention loans are considered to have potential weaknesses and are evaluated closely by management. Substandard,
including non-accruing loans, are loans for which a definitive weakness has been identified and which may make
full collection of contractual cash flows questionable. Doubtful loans are those with identified weaknesses that make
full collection of contractual cash flows, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly
questionable and improbable.
For commercial credits, the Company assigns an internal risk rating at origination and reviews the rating annually,
semiannually, or quarterly depending on the risk rating. The rating is also reassessed at any point in time when
management becomes aware of information that may affect the borrower’s ability to fulfill their obligations.
The Company risk rates its residential mortgages, including 1-4 family and residential construction loans, based on
a three rating system: Pass, Special Mention, and Substandard. Loans that are current within 59 days are rated
Pass. Residential mortgages that are 60-89 days delinquent are rated Special Mention. Loans delinquent for 90 days
or greater are rated Substandard and generally placed on non-accrual status.
F-36
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table presents the Company’s loans by risk category:
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
2019
2018
2017
2016
Prior
Revolving
Loans
Amortized
Cost Basis
Revolving
Loans
Converted
to Term
Total
2020
(In thousands)
As of December 31, 2020
Construction
Risk rating
Pass
Special Mention
Substandard
Total
$ 38,374 $ 255,377 $ 114,690 $ 28,474 $ 9,519 $ 2,766 $
—
—
$ 38,374 $ 255,377 $ 115,003 $ 32,474 $ 9,519 $ 2,766 $
—
4,000
313
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Commercial multifamily:
Risk rating
Pass
Special Mention
Substandard
Total
$ 31,438 $ 57,659 $ 74,932 $ 77,746 $ 81,066 $ 153,818 $
—
6,479
$ 31,438 $ 57,659 $ 74,932 $ 77,746 $ 81,113 $ 160,297 $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
47
Commercial real estate owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass
Special Mention
Substandard
Total
$ 58,327 $ 84,839 $ 104,797 $ 64,693 $ 44,300 $ 169,197 $
2,579
8,451
$ 58,862 $ 88,674 $ 109,530 $ 67,387 $ 46,539 $ 180,227 $
2,569
1,266
1,136
3,597
800
1,439
1,009
1,685
535
—
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass
Special Mention
Substandard
Total
$ 180,520 $ 292,386 $ 435,440 $ 223,935 $ 303,221 $ 497,066 $
6,958 11,798 44,961
2,124 66,651
$ 188,324 $ 296,194 $ 441,743 $ 250,525 $ 317,143 $ 608,678 $
2,068
4,235 19,632
—
7,804
279
3,529
1,000 $
—
—
1,000 $
— $ 450,200
313
—
—
4,000
— $ 454,513
20 $
—
145
165 $
— $ 476,679
—
—
—
6,671
— $ 483,350
1,194 $
—
—
1,194 $
— $ 527,347
8,628
—
—
16,438
— $ 552,413
15,393 $
1,068
195
16,656 $
— $ 1,947,961
67,132
—
—
104,170
— $ 2,119,263
Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating
Pass
Special Mention
Substandard
Doubtful
Total
$ 754,260 $ 159,046 $ 205,651 $ 130,985 $ 48,326 $ 148,222 $ 368,769 $
12,408
2,851
9,099
7,765
330
—
$ 763,119 $ 204,621 $ 235,869 $ 141,601 $ 53,431 $ 153,917 $ 390,606 $
1,467
5,267
5,753
7,392 39,822 24,951
—
1,601
3,504
—
65
5,630
—
—
—
— $ 1,815,259
29,412
—
98,163
—
—
330
— $ 1,943,164
Residential real estate
Risk rating
Pass
Special Mention
Substandard
Total
$ 150,583 $ 146,142 $ 272,399 $ 320,384 $ 333,159 $ 691,078 $
362
8,964
$ 151,958 $ 146,181 $ 273,556 $ 322,716 $ 333,576 $ 700,404 $
1,430
902
384
991
454
703
—
417
—
39
3,281 $
—
9
3,290 $
— $ 1,917,026
2,630
—
—
12,025
— $ 1,931,681
F-37
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For home equity and consumer other loan portfolio segments, Berkshire evaluates credit quality based on the aging
status of the loan and by payment activity. The performing or nonperforming status is updated on an ongoing basis
dependent upon improvement and deterioration in credit quality. The following table presents the amortized cost
based on payment activity:
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
2019
2018
2017
2016
Prior
Revolving
Loans
Amortized
Cost Basis
Revolving
Loans
Converted
to Term
Total
2020
(In thousands)
As of December 31, 2020
Home equity:
Payment
performance
Performing
$
2,445 $
1,960 $
316 $
1,859 $
499 $
1,882 $ 282,123 $
— $ 291,084
Nonperforming
—
—
1
—
—
—
2,896
—
2,897
Total
$
2,445 $
1,960 $
317 $
1,859 $
499 $
1,882 $ 285,019 $
— $ 293,981
Consumer other:
Payment
performance
Performing
$ 15,193 $ 35,317 $ 101,730 $ 69,366 $ 35,421 $ 31,327 $
9,339 $
— $ 297,693
Nonperforming
39
316
1,511
1,599
1,585
407
4
—
5,461
Total
$ 15,232 $ 35,633 $ 103,241 $ 70,965 $ 37,006 $ 31,734 $
9,343 $
— $ 303,154
F-38
Table of Contents
The following is a summary of loans by past due status at December 31, 2020:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands)
December 31, 2020
Construction
$
Commercial
multifamily
Commercial
real estate
owner occupied
Commercial
real estate non-
owner occupied
Commercial
and industrial
Residential real
estate
Home equity
Consumer other
30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or
Greater Past
Due
Total Past Due
Current
Total Loans
— $
— $
— $
— $
454,513 $
454,513
—
809
315
3,016
2,068
244
2,109
—
631
757
757
482,593
483,350
4,894
6,334
546,079
552,413
168
38,389
38,872
2,080,391
2,119,263
3,259
2,630
284
777
12,982
19,257
1,923,907
1,943,164
11,115
15,813
1,915,868
1,931,681
2,897
5,364
3,425
8,250
290,556
294,904
293,981
303,154
Total
$
8,561 $
7,749 $
76,398 $
92,708 $ 7,988,811 $
8,081,519
F-39
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following is a summary of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing as
of December 31, 2020:
January 1, 2020
December 31, 2020
Nonaccrual
Amortized Cost
Nonaccrual
Amortized Cost
Nonaccrual With
No Related
Allowance
Past Due 90 Days
or Greater and
Accruing
Interest Income
Recognized on
Nonaccrual
(In thousands)
Construction
Commercial
multifamily
Commercial real
estate owner
occupied
Commercial real
estate non-owner
occupied
Commercial and
industrial
Residential real
estate
Home equity
Consumer other
$
— $
811
— $
757
— $
591
15,389
4,509
2,290
1,031
29,572
13,912
11,218
12,441
6,411
1,798
2,982
9,711
2,654
5,304
4,725
5,739
159
2
— $
—
385
8,817
541
1,404
243
60
Total
$
39,640 $
64,948 $
27,418 $
11,450 $
The commercial and industrial loans nonaccrual amortized cost as of December 31, 2020 included medallion loans
with a fair value of $2.3 million and a contractual balance of $53.9 million.
The following table summarizes information about total loans rated Special Mention or lower at December 31,
2020. The table below includes consumer loans that are Special Mention and Substandard accruing that are
classified as performing based on payment activity.
(In thousands)
Non-Accrual
Substandard Accruing
Total Classified
Special Mention
Total Criticized
December 31, 2020
64,948
185,207
250,155
109,299
359,454
$
$
A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and
repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. Expected credit
losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for
selling costs as appropriate. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status
and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraisal value. The following table presents the
amortized cost basis of individually analyzed collateral-dependent loans by loan portfolio segment:
F-40
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands)
December 31, 2020
Commercial multifamily
Commercial real estate owner occupied
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied
Commercial and industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total loans
Type of Collateral
Investment
Securities/Cash
Other
Real Estate
$
591 $
— $
5,714
30,950
973
5,081
145
51
—
—
36
—
—
—
—
—
—
3,758
—
—
—
$
43,505 $
36 $
3,758
F-41
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Troubled Debt Restructuring Loans
The Company’s loan portfolio also includes certain loans that have been modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring
("TDR"), where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to
experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities
and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other
actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to
performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period,
generally six months. TDRs are evaluated individually for impairment and may result in a specific allowance
amount allocated to an individual loan.
The following table presents activity in TDRs for the year ended December 31, 2020:
(In thousands)
Year ended December 31, 2020
Balance at
Beginning of
Period
Principal
Payments
TDR Status
Change
Other
Additions/
(Reductions)
Newly
Identified
TDRs
Balance at
End of
Period
Commercial multifamily $
793 $
(39) $
— $
— $
— $
754
Commercial real estate
owner occupied
Commercial real estate
non-owner occupied
Commercial and
industrial
Residential real estate
Home equity
Consumer other
Total
13,331
(5,734)
1,373
1,449
2,045
277
48
(1)
(289)
(160)
(22)
(12)
—
—
—
—
—
—
(5,884)
18
1,731
1,719
10,593
13,684
(60)
1,586
(361)
(122)
—
—
—
—
2,686
1,524
133
36
$
19,316 $
(6,257) $
— $
(4,708) $
12,197 $
20,548
F-42
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table presents loans modified as TDRs that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2020,
2019, and 2018:
(dollars in thousands)
Year ended December 31, 2020
TDR:
Number of loans
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment
Year ended December 31, 2019
TDR:
Number of loans
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment
Year ended December 31, 2018
TDR:
Number of loans
Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment
Post-modification outstanding recorded investment
Total
16
12,197
12,197
13
2,063
2,063
10
2,685
2,685
$
$
$
$
$
$
The following table discloses the modifications for TDRs where a concession has been made within the previous 12
months, that then defaulted in the respective reporting period. There were no TDRs for which there was a payment
default within twelve months following the modification during the year ended December 31, 2020. For the year
ended 2019, there was one loan that was restructured that had subsequently defaulted during the reporting period.
(dollars in thousands)
Year ended December 31, 2019
Commercial and industrial - other
Total
Number of
Loans
Recorded
Investment
1 $
1 $
195
195
Beginning in March 2020, the Company has offered three-month payment deferrals for customers with a current
payment status who were negatively impacted by economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. These
loans were not recorded as TDRs. Refer to Note 17 - Other Commitments, Contingencies, and Off-Balance Sheet
Activities for more information regarding these modifications.
F-43
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the Company calculated allowance for loan losses using
incurred losses methodology. The following tables are disclosures related to loans in prior periods.
The following is a summary of total loans as of December 31, 2019:
(In thousands)
Commercial real estate:
Construction
Other commercial real estate
Total commercial real estate
December 31, 2019
Business
Activities Loans
Acquired
Loans
Total
$
382,014 $
47,792 $ 429,806
2,414,942 1,189,521 3,604,463
2,796,956 1,237,313 4,034,269
Commercial and industrial loans:
1,442,617
397,891 1,840,508
Total commercial loans
Residential mortgages:
1-4 family
Construction
Total residential mortgages
Consumer loans:
Home equity
Auto and other
Total consumer loans
Total loans
4,239,573 1,635,204 5,874,777
2,143,817
533,536 2,677,353
4,641
3,478
8,119
2,148,458
537,014 2,685,472
273,867
106,724
380,591
504,599
56,989
561,588
778,466
163,713
942,179
$ 7,166,497 $ 2,335,931 $ 9,502,428
F-44
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Total unamortized net costs and premiums included in the December 31, 2019 total loans for business activity loans
were the following:
(In thousands)
Unamortized net loan origination costs
Unamortized net premium on purchased loans
Total unamortized net costs and premiums
December 31, 2019
$
$
13,259
2,643
15,902
The following table summarizes activity in the accretable yield for the acquired loan portfolio that falls under the
purview of ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality:
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
Acquisitions
Accretion
Net reclassification from nonaccretable difference
Payments received, net
Reclassification to TDR
Disposals
Balance at end of period
2019
2018
$
2,840 $
11,561
4,200
—
(9,619)
(23,109)
7,430
(837)
9
—
4,023
17,347
(2,878)
—
(81)
2,840
The following is a summary of past due loans at December 31, 2019:
Business Activities Loans
(in thousands)
December 31, 2019
Commercial real estate:
Construction
Commercial real estate
Total
Commercial and industrial loans
Total
Residential mortgages:
1-4 family
Construction
Total
Consumer loans:
Home equity
Auto and other
Total
Total
30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
>90
Days Past
Due
Total Past
Due
Current
Total Loans
Past Due >
90 days and
Accruing
$
— $
— $ — $
— $ 382,014 $ 382,014 $
423
423
89
89
15,623
16,135
2,398,807
2,414,942
15,623
16,135
2,780,821
2,796,956
2,841
2,033
10,662
15,536
1,427,081
1,442,617
1,669
—
1,669
149
4,709
4,858
714
—
714
—
990
990
3,350
—
3,350
1,147
2,729
3,876
5,733
—
5,733
2,138,084
4,641
2,142,725
2,143,817
4,641
2,148,458
1,296
8,428
9,724
272,571
496,171
768,742
273,867
504,599
778,466
—
—
—
122
800
—
800
52
1
53
$
9,791 $
3,826 $ 33,511 $ 47,128 $ 7,119,369 $ 7,166,497 $
975
F-45
Table of Contents
Acquired Loans
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands)
December 31, 2019
Commercial real estate:
Construction
Commercial real estate
Total
Commercial and industrial loans
Total
Residential mortgages:
1-4 family
Construction
Total
Consumer loans:
Home equity
Auto and other
Total
Total
30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
>90
Days Past
Due
Total Past
Due
Acquired
Credit
Impaired
Total Loans
Past Due >
90 days and
Accruing
$
— $
— $ — $
— $
1,396 $
47,792 $
3,907
3,907
245
10,247
14,399
21,639
1,189,521
245
10,247
14,399
23,035
1,237,313
888
745
—
745
346
120
466
299
1,275
2,462
26,718
397,891
491
—
491
222
22
244
932
—
932
789
265
1,054
2,168
—
2,168
1,357
407
1,764
10,840
—
10,840
540
286
826
533,536
3,478
537,014
106,724
56,989
163,713
—
5,751
5,751
442
139
—
139
72
—
72
$
6,006 $
1,279 $ 13,508 $ 20,793 $
61,419 $ 2,335,931 $
6,404
The following is summary information pertaining to non-accrual loans at December 31, 2019:
(In thousands)
Commercial real estate:
Construction
Other commercial real estate
Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Total
Residential mortgages:
1-4 family
Construction
Total
Consumer loans:
Home equity
Auto and other
Total
December 31, 2019
Business Activities
Loans
Acquired
Loans
Total
$
— $
— $
—
15,623
15,623
4,496
20,119
4,496
20,119
10,540
833
11,373
2,550
—
2,550
1,095
2,728
3,823
793
—
793
717
265
982
3,343
—
3,343
1,812
2,993
4,805
Total non-accrual loans
$
32,536 $
7,104 $ 39,640
F-46
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Loans evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:
Business Activities Loans
(In thousands)
Loans receivable:
Balance at end of year
Commercial
real estate
Commercial
and industrial
Residential
mortgages
Consumer
Total
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
19,192 $
9,167 $
3,019 $
630 $
32,008
Collectively evaluated
Total
Acquired Loans
(In thousands)
Loans receivable:
Balance at end of year
2,777,764
1,433,450
2,145,439
777,836
7,134,489
$ 2,796,956 $ 1,442,617 $ 2,148,458 $ 778,466 $ 7,166,497
Commercial
real estate
Commercial
and industrial
Residential
mortgages
Consumer
Total
Individually evaluated for impairment
Purchased credit-impaired loans
Collectively evaluated
Total
$
4,241 $
23,035
1,210,037
464 $
372 $
26,718
370,709
10,840
525,802
575 $
826
5,652
61,419
162,312
2,268,860
$ 1,237,313 $ 397,891 $ 537,014 $ 163,713 $ 2,335,931
The following is a summary of impaired loans at December 31, 2019:
Business Activities Loans
(In thousands)
With no related allowance:
Other commercial real estate loans
Commercial and industrial loans
Residential mortgages - 1-4 family
Consumer - home equity
Consumer - other
With an allowance recorded:
Other commercial real estate loans
Commercial and industrial loans
Residential mortgages - 1-4 family
Consumer - home equity
Consumer - other
Total
Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial loans
Residential mortgages
Consumer
Total impaired loans
December 31, 2019
Recorded Investment
(1)
Unpaid Principal
Balance (2)
Related Allowance
$
$
$
$
18,676 $
4,805
433
32
—
550 $
4,166
2,615
594
8
19,226 $
8,971
3,048
634
31,879 $
37,493 $
10,104
699
238
—
1,411 $
12,136
2,924
614
8
38,904 $
22,240
3,623
860
65,627 $
—
—
—
—
—
20
122
109
42
1
20
122
109
43
294
(1) The Recorded Investment represents the face amount of the loan increased or decreased by applicable accrued interest, net deferred loan
fees and costs, and unamortized premium or discount, and reflects direct charge-offs. This amount is a component of total loans on the
Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(2) The Unpaid Principal Balance represents the customer's legal obligation to the Company.
F-47
Table of Contents
Acquired Loans
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands)
With no related allowance:
Other commercial real estate loans
Other commercial and industrial loans
Residential mortgages - 1-4 family
Consumer - home equity
Consumer - other
With an allowance recorded:
Other commercial real estate loans
Commercial and industrial loans
Residential mortgages - 1-4 family
Consumer - home equity
Consumer - other
Total
Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial loans
Residential mortgages
Consumer
Total impaired loans
Recorded Investment (1)
December 31, 2019
Unpaid Principal
Balance (2)
Related Allowance
$
$
$
$
3,200 $
437
292
416
—
1,033 $
28
84
121
39
4,233 $
465
376
576
5,650 $
6,021 $
532
293
844
—
1,050 $
30
110
123
37
7,071 $
562
403
1,004
9,040 $
—
—
—
—
—
97
1
8
6
6
97
1
8
12
118
(1) The Recorded Investment represents the face amount of the loan increased or decreased by applicable accrued interest, net deferred loan
fees and costs, and unamortized premium or discount, and reflects direct charge-offs. This amount is a component of total loans on the
Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(2) The Unpaid Principal Balance represents the customer's legal obligation to the Company.
F-48
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following is a summary of the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans
as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:
Business Activities Loans
(in thousands)
With no related allowance:
Other commercial real estate
Other commercial and industrial
Residential mortgages - 1-4 family
Consumer-home equity
Consumer-other
With an allowance recorded:
Other commercial real estate
Other commercial and industrial
Residential mortgages - 1-4 family
Consumer-home equity
Consumer - other
Total
Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial
Residential mortgages
Consumer loans
Total impaired loans
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
Average
Recorded
Investment
Cash Basis
Interest
Income
Recognized
Average
Recorded
Investment
Cash Basis
Interest
Income
Recognized
$
19,805 $
3,165
185
148
—
586 $
523
17
3
—
24,078 $
914
428
107
—
$
374 $
107 $
555 $
2,533
2,427
349
11
793
150
32
1
1,259
1,407
98
15
$
20,179 $
693 $
24,633 $
5,698
2,612
508
1,316
167
36
2,173
1,835
220
$
28,997 $
2,212 $
28,861 $
373
245
20
10
—
30
139
75
6
1
403
384
95
17
899
F-49
Table of Contents
Acquired Loans
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands)
With no related allowance:
Other commercial real estate
Other commercial and industrial
Residential mortgages - 1-4 family
Consumer - home equity
Consumer - other
With an allowance recorded:
Other commercial real estate
Other commercial and industrial
Residential mortgages - 1-4 family
Consumer - home equity
Consumer - other
Total
Commercial real estate
Commercial and industrial
Residential mortgages
Consumer loans
Total impaired loans
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
Average
Recorded
Investment
Cash Basis
Interest
Income
Recognized
Average
Recorded
Investment
Cash Basis
Interest
Income
Recognized
$
1,603 $
117 $
3,280 $
441
241
475
—
51
11
23
—
428
290
635
13
$
1,005 $
59 $
950 $
29
88
68
41
2
7
6
2
197
26
89
11
$
2,608 $
176 $
4,230 $
470
329
584
53
18
31
625
316
748
$
3,991 $
278 $
5,919 $
263
68
9
4
1
53
41
9
12
3
316
109
18
20
463
No additional funds are committed to be advanced in connection with impaired loans.
The following table presents the Company’s TDR activity in 2019 and 2018:
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
Principal payments
TDR status change (1)
Other reductions (2)
Newly identified TDRs
Balance at end of year
2019
2018
27,415 $
(6,086)
—
(4,076)
2,063
19,316 $
41,990
(8,547)
—
(8,713)
2,685
27,415
$
$
_____________________
(1) TDR status change classification represents TDR loans with a specified interest rate equal to or greater than the rate that the Company was
willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk and the loan was on current payment status and not
impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement.
(2) Other reductions classification consists of transfer to other real estate owned, charge-offs to loans, and other loan sale payoffs.
F-50
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Allowance for Loan Losses
Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2020, the Company calculated allowance for loan losses using
incurred losses methodology. The following tables are disclosures related to the allowance for loan losses in prior
periods.
Activity in the allowance for loan losses for 2019 and 2018 was as follows:
Business Activities Loans
(In thousands)
2019
Commercial
real estate
Commercial and
industrial loans
Residential
mortgages
Consumer
Total
Balance at beginning of period
$ 21,732 $
16,504 $
10,535 $
7,368 $
56,139
Charged-off loans
Recoveries on charged-off loans
Provision/(releases) for loan losses
6,577
570
9,033
23,799
1,012
25,404
635
57
(1,417)
3,322
253
458
34,333
1,892
33,478
Balance at end of period
$ 24,758 $
19,121 $
8,540 $
4,757 $
57,176
Individually evaluated for impairment
Collectively evaluated
20
24,738
122
18,999
109
8,431
43
4,714
294
56,882
Total
Business Activities Loans
(In thousands)
2018
$ 24,758 $
19,121 $
8,540 $
4,757 $
57,176
Commercial
real estate
Commercial and
industrial loans
Residential
mortgages
Consumer
Total
Balance at beginning of period
$ 16,843 $
13,850 $
9,420 $
5,807 $
45,920
Charged-off loans
Recoveries on charged-off loans
Provision/(releases) for loan losses
5,859
50
10,698
4,275
620
6,309
157
114
1,158
3,187
363
4,385
13,478
1,147
22,550
Balance at end of period
$ 21,732 $
16,504 $
10,535 $
7,368 $
56,139
Individually evaluated for impairment
Collectively evaluated
9
21,723
49
128
16,455
10,407
11
7,357
197
55,942
Total
Acquired Loans
(In thousands)
2019
$ 21,732 $
16,504 $
10,535 $
7,368 $
56,139
Commercial
real estate
Commercial and
industrial loans
Residential
mortgages
Consumer
Total
Balance at beginning of period
Charged-off loans
Recoveries on charged-off loans
Provision/(releases) for loan losses
$
3,153 $
830
1,064 $
571
672
1,111
438
126
630 $
263
116
365
483 $
557
123
339
Balance at end of period
$
4,106 $
1,057 $
848 $
388 $
Individually evaluated for impairment
Collectively evaluated
97
4,009
1
1,056
8
840
12
376
Total
$
4,106 $
1,057 $
848 $
388 $
5,330
2,221
1,349
1,941
6,399
118
6,281
6,399
F-51
Table of Contents
Acquired Loans
(In thousands)
2018
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Commercial
real estate
Commercial and
industrial loans
Residential
mortgages
Consumer
Total
Balance at beginning of period
$
3,856 $
1,125 $
598 $
335 $
Charged-off loans
Recoveries on charged-off loans
Provision/(releases) for loan losses
1,812
294
815
524
286
177
1,091
51
1,072
1,106
417
837
Balance at end of period
$
3,153 $
1,064 $
630 $
483 $
Individually evaluated for impairment
Collectively evaluated
9
3,144
4
1,060
36
594
48
435
Total
$
3,153 $
1,064 $
630 $
483 $
5,914
4,533
1,048
2,901
5,330
97
5,233
5,330
F-52
Table of Contents
The following tables present the Company’s loans by risk rating at December 31, 2019:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Business Activities Loans
Commercial Real Estate
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category
(In thousands)
Grade:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total
Commercial and Industrial Loans
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category
(In thousands)
Grade:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful
Total
Residential Mortgages
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade
(In thousands)
Grade:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total
Consumer Loans
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity
(In thousands)
Performing
Nonperforming
Total
F-53
December 31, 2019
Construction
Real Estate
Total
Commercial
Real Estate
$
382,014 $ 2,354,375 $ 2,736,389
—
—
12,167
48,400
12,167
48,400
$
382,014 $ 2,414,942 $ 2,796,956
December 31, 2019
Total Commercial and
Industrial Loans
$
$
1,366,342
50,072
24,112
2,091
1,442,617
December 31, 2019
1-4 Family
Construction
Total
Residential
Mortgages
$ 2,139,753 $
714
3,350
4,641 $ 2,144,394
714
—
—
3,350
$ 2,143,817 $
4,641 $ 2,148,458
December 31, 2019
Home Equity
Auto and Other
Total Consumer
Loans
$
$
272,772 $
501,871 $
774,643
1,095
2,728
3,823
273,867 $
504,599 $
778,466
Table of Contents
Acquired Loans
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Commercial Real Estate
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category
(In thousands)
Grade:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total
Commercial and Industrial Loans
Credit Risk Profile by Creditworthiness Category
(In thousands)
Grade:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total
Residential Mortgages
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade
(In thousands)
Grade:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total
Consumer Loans
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity
(In thousands)
Performing
Nonperforming
Total
December 31, 2019
Construction
Real Estate
Total
Commercial
Real Estate
$
46,396 $ 1,130,333 $ 1,176,729
—
1,396
5,993
53,195
5,993
54,591
$
47,792 $ 1,189,521 $ 1,237,313
December 31, 2019
Total Commercial and
Industrial Loans
$
$
373,744
4,404
19,743
397,891
December 31, 2019
1-4 Family
Construction
Total
Residential
Mortgages
$
$
528,282 $
592
4,662
533,536 $
3,478 $
—
—
3,478 $
531,760
592
4,662
537,014
December 31, 2019
Auto and Other
Total
Consumer
Loans
162,731
982
163,713
56,724 $
265
56,989 $
Home Equity
$
106,007 $
717
106,724 $
$
F-54
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table summarizes information about total loans rated Special Mention or lower at December 31,
2019. The table below includes consumer loans that are Special Mention and Substandard accruing that are
classified in the above table as performing based on payment activity.
December 31, 2019
(In thousands)
Non-Accrual
Substandard Accruing
Total Classified
Special Mention
Total Criticized
Business
Activities Loans
$
32,536 $
49,293
81,829
63,943
145,772 $
$
Acquired Loans
Total
39,640
7,104 $
122,424
73,131
162,064
80,235
75,284
11,341
91,576 $ 237,348
NOTE 7.
PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
Year-end premises and equipment are summarized as follows:
(In thousands)
Land
Buildings and improvements
Furniture and equipment (1)
Construction in process (1)
Premises and equipment, gross
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (1)
Premises and equipment, net
Premises and equipment, net from discontinued operations
Premises and equipment, net from continuing operations
2020
2019
Estimated Useful
Life
$
17,716 $
17,816
N/A
113,853
63,590
4,035
199,194
(86,531)
116,997
5 - 39 years
3 - 7 years
64,044
1,580
200,437
(78,966)
$
$
112,663 $
121,471
—
1,073
112,663 $
120,398
(1)
Includes premises and equipment classified as discontinued operations. See Note 2 - Discontinued Operations for more information.
Depreciation and amortization expense including discontinued operations for the years 2020, 2019, and 2018
amounted to $12.5 million, $11.8 million, and $10.8 million, respectively.
F-55
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 8.
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES
Goodwill and other intangible assets are presented in the tables below. The Company had no acquisition during
2020. There was one acquisition during 2019. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the Company
allocated the amount paid to the fair value of the net assets acquired, with any excess amounts recorded as goodwill.
The goodwill balance is allocated to the consolidated Company. The activity impacting goodwill in 2020 and 2019
is as follows:
(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of the period
Goodwill acquired and adjusted:
SI Financial Group, Inc.
Adjustments (1)
Impairment
Balance, end of the period
2020
2019
$
553,762 $
518,325
—
—
(553,762)
36,379
(942)
—
$
— $
553,762
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
(1)
In 2019, goodwill related to the SI Financial Group acquisition was adjusted to reflect new information available during the one-
year measurement period.
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business
combination. Goodwill is assessed annually for impairment and more frequently if events or changes in
circumstances indicate that there may be an impairment. The Company tests goodwill impairment annually as of
June 30 using second quarter data.
The Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the
carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to
that excess. The fair value of the reporting unit was determined using the guideline public company method. As a
result of the assessment, the Company recognized a full goodwill impairment during the year ended December 31,
2020. No impairment was recorded on goodwill for 2019.
The primary causes of the goodwill impairment were economic and industry conditions resulting from the
COVID-19 pandemic that caused volatility and reductions in the market capitalization of the Company and its peer
banks, increased loan provision estimates, increased discount rates and other changes in variables driven by the
uncertain macro-environment that resulted in the estimated fair value of the reporting unit being less than the
reporting unit’s carrying value.
F-56
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The components of other intangible assets are as follows:
(In thousands)
December 31, 2020
Non-maturity deposits (core deposit intangible) (1)
Insurance contracts
All other intangible assets
Total
December 31, 2019
Non-maturity deposits (core deposit intangible)
Insurance contracts
All other intangible assets
Total
Gross Intangible
Assets
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Intangible
Assets
$
77,213 $
(45,257) $
31,956
7,558
7,866
(7,558)
(5,003)
92,637 $
(57,818) $
—
2,863
34,819
84,903 $
(42,663) $
42,240
$
$
7,558
7,866
(7,553)
(4,496)
$
100,327 $
(54,712) $
5
3,370
45,615
(1) As of December 31, 2020, the Company reclassified $4.6 million of net core deposit intangible to held-for-sale related to the assets
and liabilities associated with the Mid-Atlantic branch sale.
Other intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line or accelerated basis over their estimated lives, which range
from four to fifteen years. Amortization expense related to intangibles totaled $6.2 million in 2020, $5.8 million in
2019, and $4.9 million in 2018.
The estimated aggregate future amortization expense for intangible assets remaining at year-end 2020 is as follows:
2021- $5.3 million; 2022- $5.1 million; 2023- $4.8 million; 2024- $4.6 million; 2025- $4.5 million; and thereafter-
$10.6 million. For the years 2020, 2019, and 2018, no impairment charges were identified for the Company’s
intangible assets.
F-57
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 9.
OTHER ASSETS
Year-end other assets are summarized as follows:
(In thousands)
Capitalized servicing rights (1)
Accrued interest receivable
Accrued federal and state tax receivable
Right-of-use assets (1)
Derivative assets (1)
Deferred tax asset
Other (1)
Total other assets
Total other assets from discontinued operations
Total other assets from continuing operations
2020
2019
$
16,348 $
46,919
40,751
60,018
160,071
46,370
16,753
26,451
36,462
23,786
76,332
80,190
51,165
18,381
$
$
387,230 $
312,767
—
23,822
387,230 $
288,945
(1)
Includes other assets classified as discontinued operations. See Note 2 - Discontinued Operations for more information.
The Bank sells loans in the secondary market and retains the right to service many of these loans. The Bank earns
fees for the servicing provided. Loans sold and serviced for others from continuing operations amounted to $1.5
billion, $1.7 billion, and $1.4 billion at year-end 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Loans sold and serviced for
others from discontinued operations amounted to $0.6 billion, $1.4 billion, and $0.8 billion at year-end 2020, 2019,
and 2018. Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The risks
inherent in servicing assets relate primarily to changes in prepayments that result from shifts in interest rates.
Contractually specified servicing fees from continuing operations were $5.5 million, $5.6 million, and $4.6 million
for the years 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, and included as a component of loan related fees within non-
interest income. Contractually specified servicing fees from discontinued operations were $2.1 million, $1.9 million,
and $1.0 million for the years 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, and included as a component of other income in
Note 2 - Discontinued Operations. Refer to Note 20 - Fair Value Measurements for significant assumptions and
inputs used in the valuation at year-end 2020.
Servicing rights activity was as follows:
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
Additions
Amortization
Change in fair value
Allowance adjustment
Balance at end of year (1)
2020
2019
$
26,451 $
3,875
(3,761)
(9,266)
(951)
23,376
16,837
(3,240)
(5,822)
(4,700)
$
16,348 $
26,451
(1) As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the servicing rights included in the total balance accounted for at fair value were
$3.0 million and $12.3 million, respectively.
F-58
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 10.
DEPOSITS
A summary of year-end time deposits is as follows:
(In thousands)
Maturity date:
Within 1 year
Over 1 year to 2 years
Over 2 years to 3 years
Over 3 years to 4 years
Over 4 years to 5 years
Over 5 years
Total
Account balances:
Less than $100,000
$100,000 through $250,000
$250,000 or more
Total
2020
2019
$
1,582,492 $
2,734,870
545,100
171,810
32,358
51,073
2,252
582,622
145,976
90,731
33,754
1,416
$
2,385,085 $
3,589,369
$
663,324 $
905,190
1,219,210
2,027,717
502,551
656,462
$
2,385,085 $
3,589,369
Included in total deposits on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are brokered deposits of $0.6 billion and $1.2 billion
at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Also included in total deposits are reciprocal deposits
of $119.0 million and $91.7 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, as well as related
party deposits of $177.2 million and $63.9 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
F-59
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 11.
BORROWED FUNDS
Borrowed funds at December 31, 2020 and 2019 are summarized, as follows:
(in thousands, except rates)
Short-term borrowings:
Advances from the FHLBB
Total short-term borrowings:
Long-term borrowings:
Advances from the FHLBB
Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility ("PPPLF")
Subordinated notes
Junior subordinated borrowing - Trust I
Junior subordinated borrowing - Trust II
Total long-term borrowings:
Total
2020
2019
Principal
Weighted
Average
Rate
Principal
Weighted
Average
Rate
$
$
40,000
40,000
434,357
—
74,411
15,464
7,405
531,637
571,637
1.05 % $
1.05
1.89
—
7.00
2.06
1.92
2.61
2.50 % $
125,000
125,000
2.06 %
2.06
605,501
—
74,232
15,464
7,353
702,550
827,550
2.16
—
7.00
3.76
3.59
2.72
2.62 %
Short-term debt includes Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (“FHLBB”) advances with an original maturity of less
than one year. At year-end 2020, the Company maintained a short-term line-of-credit through a correspondent bank
with no balance outstanding. The Bank also maintains a $3.0 million secured line of credit with the FHLBB that
bears a daily adjustable rate calculated by the FHLBB. There was no outstanding balance on the FHLBB line of
credit for the periods ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Bank's available borrowing capacity
with the FHLB was $1.0 billion and $1.6 billion for the periods ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019,
respectively. The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants as of December 31, 2020.
The Bank is approved to borrow on a short-term basis from the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston as a non-member
bank. The Bank has pledged certain loans and securities to the Federal Reserve Bank to support this
arrangement. No borrowings with the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston took place for the periods ended
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. As a participant in the SBA Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"), the
Bank may pledge originated loans as collateral at face value to the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston for term
financings. As of December 31, 2020, the Bank had no pledged PPP loans. The Bank's available borrowing
capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank was $815.6 million and $201.3 million for the periods ended December 31,
2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Long-term FHLBB advances consist of advances with an original maturity of more than one year and are subject to
prepayment penalties. The advances outstanding at December 31, 2020 included callable advances totaling $10
million and amortizing advances totaling $5.2 million. The advances outstanding at December 31, 2019 included
callable advances totaling $10 million and amortizing advances totaling $4.4 million. All FHLBB borrowings,
including the line of credit, are secured by a blanket security agreement on certain qualified collateral, principally
all residential first mortgage loans and certain securities.
F-60
Table of Contents
A summary of maturities of FHLBB advances at year-end 2020 is as follows:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands)
Fixed rate advances maturing:
Total FHLBB advances
2020
Amount
Weighted
Average Rate
2021 $
2022
2023
2024
2025 and beyond
$
395,475
58,489
10,916
54
9,423
474,357
1.80 %
1.92
2.17
—
1.63
1.82 %
The Company did not have variable-rate FHLB advances for the period ended December 31, 2020 and December
31, 2019.
In September 2012, the Company issued fifteen year subordinated notes in the amount of $75.0 million at a discount
of 1.15%. The interest rate is fixed at 6.875% for the first ten years. After ten years, the notes become callable and
convert to an interest rate of three month LIBOR plus 5.113%. The subordinated note includes reduction to the note
principal balance of $215 thousand and $338 thousand for unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31,
2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
The Company holds 100% of the common stock of Berkshire Hills Capital Trust I (“Trust I”) which is included in
other assets with a cost of $0.5 million. The sole asset of Trust I is $15.5 million of the Company’s junior
subordinated debentures due in 2035. These debentures bear interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.85%
and had a rate of 2.06% and 3.76% at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company has
the right to defer payments of interest for up to five years on the debentures at any time, or from time to time, with
certain limitations, including a restriction on the payment of dividends to shareholders while such interest payments
on the debentures have been deferred. The Company has not exercised this right to defer payments. The Company
has the right to redeem the debentures at par value on each quarterly payment date. Trust I is considered a variable
interest entity for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, Trust I is not consolidated into
the Company’s financial statements.
The Company holds 100% of the common stock of SI Capital Trust II (“Trust II”) which is included in other assets
with a cost of $0.2 million. The sole asset of Trust II is $8.2 million of the Company’s junior subordinated
debentures due in 2036. These debentures bear interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.70% and had a rate
of 1.92% and 3.59% at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company has the right to defer payments
of interest for up to five years on the debentures at any time, or from time to time, with certain limitations, including
a restriction on the payment of dividends to shareholders while such interest payments on the debentures have been
deferred. The Company has not exercised this right to defer payments. The Company has the right to redeem the
debentures at par value. Trust II is considered a variable interest entity for which the Company is not the primary
beneficiary. Accordingly, Trust II is not consolidated into the Company’s financial statements.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 12.
OTHER LIABILITIES
Year-end other liabilities are summarized as follows:
(In thousands)
Derivative liabilities
Capital and financing lease obligations
Asset purchase settlement payable (1)
Employee benefits liability
Operating lease liabilities (1)
Accrued interest payable
Customer transaction clearing accounts
Other (1)
Total other liabilities
Total other liabilities from discontinued operations
Total other liabilities from continuing operations
2020
2019
65,758 $
10,383
—
38,830
63,894
3,867
11,261
38,737
232,730 $
—
232,730 $
80,681
10,883
189
44,781
80,734
11,625
4,310
60,676
293,879
26,481
267,398
$
$
$
(1)
Includes other liabilities classified as discontinued operations. See Note 2 - Discontinued Operations for more information.
62
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 13.
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Pension Plan
The Company maintains a legacy, employer-sponsored defined benefit pension plan (the “Plan”) for which
participation and benefit accruals were frozen on January 1, 2003. The Plan was assumed in connection with the
Rome Bancorp acquisition in 2011. Accordingly, no employees are permitted to commence participation in the Plan
and future salary increases and years of credited service are not considered when computing an employee’s benefits
under the Plan. As of December 31, 2020, all minimum Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”)
funding requirements have been met.
Information regarding the pension plan is as follows:
(In thousands)
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
Service Cost
Interest cost
Actuarial loss
Benefits paid
Settlements
Projected benefit obligation at end of year
Accumulated benefit obligation
Change in fair value of plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at plan beginning of year
Actual return on plan assets
Contributions by employer
Benefits paid
Settlements
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
Underfunded status
Amounts Recognized on Consolidated Balance Sheets
Other Liabilities
Net periodic pension cost is comprised of the following:
(In thousands)
Service Cost
Interest Cost
Expected return on plan assets
Amortization of unrecognized actuarial loss
Net periodic pension costs
F-63
December 31,
2020
2019
$
5,848 $
5,669
66
178
519
(337)
(153)
6,121
6,121
5,799
740
—
(337)
(153)
6,049
72 $
72 $
72
228
542
(333)
(330)
5,848
5,848
5,522
940
—
(333)
(330)
5,799
49
49
December 31,
2020
2019
66 $
178
(393)
94
(55) $
72
228
(373)
117
44
$
$
$
$
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income are as
follows:
(In thousands)
Amortization of actuarial (loss)
Actuarial (gain) loss
Settlement charge
Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
December 31,
2020
2019
$
(94) $
171
—
77
(117)
(25)
(70)
(212)
(168)
Total recognized in net periodic pension cost recognized and other comprehensive income
$
22 $
The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income that have not yet been recognized as components of net
periodic benefit cost are a net loss of $1.3 million and $1.2 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The Company did not make any cash contributions to the pension trust during 2020 and 2019. The Company does
not expect to make any cash contributions in 2021. The amount expected to be amortized from other comprehensive
income into net periodic pension cost over the next fiscal year is $103 thousand.
The principal actuarial assumptions used are as follows:
Projected benefit obligation
Discount rate
Net periodic pension cost
Discount rate
Long term rate of return on plan assets
December 31,
2020
2019
2.35 %
3.15 %
3.15 %
7.00 %
4.16 %
7.00 %
The discount rate that is used in the measurement of the pension obligation is determined by comparing the
expected future retirement payment cash flows of the pension plan to the Above Median FTSE Pension Discount
Curve as of the measurement date. The expected long-term rate of return on Plan assets reflects long-term earnings
expectations on existing Plan assets and those contributions expected to be received during the current plan year. In
estimating that rate, appropriate consideration was given to historical returns earned by Plan assets in the fund and
the rates of return expected to be available for reinvestment. The rates of return were adjusted to reflect current
capital market assumptions and changes in investment allocations.
The Company’s overall investment strategy with respect to the Plan’s assets is primarily for preservation of capital
and to provide regular dividend and interest payments. The Plan’s targeted asset allocation is 65% equity securities
via investment in the Long-Term Growth - Equity Portfolio ("LTGE"), 34% intermediate-term investment grade
bonds via investment in the Long-Term Growth - Fixed-Income Portfolio ("LTGFI"), and 1% in cash equivalents
portfolio (for liquidity). Equity securities include investments in a diverse mix of equity funds to gain exposure in
the US and international markets. The fixed income portion of the Plan assets is a diversified portfolio that primarily
invests in intermediate-term bond funds. The overall rate of return is based on the historical performance of the
assets applied against the Plan’s target allocation, and is adjusted for the long-term inflation rate.
The fair values for investment securities are determined by quoted prices in active markets, if available (Level 1).
For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar
securities (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair
values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3).
F-64
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The fair value of the Plan’s assets by category within the fair value hierarchy are as follows at December 31, 2020
and December 31, 2019. The Plan did not hold any assets classified as Level 3, nor were there any transfers.
Asset Category (In thousands)
Equity Mutual Funds:
Large-Cap
Mid-Cap
Small-Cap
International
Fixed Income - US Core
Intermediate Duration
Cash Equivalents - money market
Total
Asset Category (In thousands)
Equity Mutual Funds:
Large-Cap
Mid-Cap
Small-Cap
International
Fixed Income - US Core
Intermediate Duration
Cash Equivalents - money market
Total
December 31, 2020
Total
Level 1
Level 2
$
1,996 $
— $
1,996
519
500
1,049
1,403
470
112
—
—
—
—
—
38
519
500
1,049
1,403
470
74
$
6,049 $
38 $
6,011
December 31, 2019
Total
Level 1
Level 2
$
1,900 $
— $
1,900
453
429
828
1,535
517
137
—
—
—
—
—
60
453
429
828
1,535
517
77
$
5,799 $
60 $
5,739
Estimated benefit payments under the pension plans over the next 10 years at December 31, 2020 are as follows:
Year
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025 - 2030
Payments (In thousands)
370
382
367
357
1,888
Multi-Employer Pension Plan
As a result of the Company's acquisition of SI Financial Group, Inc. (“SIFI”), the Company participates in the
Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan for Financial Institutions (the “Plan”), a tax-qualified defined benefit pension plan.
The Plan operates as a multiple-employer plan under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code, and as a multi-
employer plan for accounting purposes. The Plan was frozen effective September 6, 2013. The Company made
contributions of $377 thousand in 2020. As of July 1, 2020, the Plan held assets with a market value of $4.5 million
and liabilities with a market value of $7.9 million. The funded status (market value of plan assets divided by
funding target) of the Plan, was greater than 80% as of July 1, 2020, as required by federal and state regulations.
Market value of the Plan's assets reflects contributions received through June 30, 2020. There are no collective
bargaining agreements in place that require contributions to the Plan by the Company. The Plan is a single plan
under the Internal Revenue Code and, as a result, all of the assets stand behind all of the liabilities. Accordingly,
contributions made by a participating employer may be used to provide benefits to participants of other participating
employers.
F-65
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Postretirement Benefits
The Company maintains an unfunded postretirement medical plan assumed in connection with the Rome Bancorp
acquisition in 2011. The postretirement plan has been modified so that participation is closed to those employees
who did not meet the retirement eligibility requirements by March 31, 2011. The Company contributes partially to
medical benefits and life insurance coverage for retirees. Such retirees and their surviving spouses are responsible
for the remainder of the medical benefits, including increases in premiums levels, between the total premium and
the Company’s contribution.
The Company also has an executive long-term care (“LTC”) postretirement benefit plan which started August 1,
2014. The LTC plan reimburses executives for certain costs in the event of a future chronic illness. Funding of the
plan comes from Company paid insurance policies or direct payments. At plan’s inception, a $558 thousand benefit
obligation was recorded against equity representing the prior service cost of plan participants.
Information regarding the postretirement plans is as follows:
(In thousands)
Change in accumulated postretirement benefit obligation:
December 31,
2020
2019
Accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
4,039 $
3,422
Service Cost
Interest cost
Participant contributions
Actuarial loss
Benefits paid
Accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation at end of year
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
Contributions by employer
Contributions by participant
Benefits paid
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
Amounts Recognized on Consolidated Balance Sheets
Other Liabilities
Net periodic post-retirement cost is comprised of the following:
(In thousands)
Service cost
Interest costs
Amortization of net prior service credit
Amortization of net actuarial loss
Net periodic post-retirement costs
F-66
39
129
—
507
38
142
—
565
(73)
4,641 $
(128)
4,039
— $
73
—
(73)
— $
—
128
—
(128)
—
4,641 $
4,039
$
$
$
$
December 31,
2020
2019
$
39 $
129
84
12
$
264 $
38
142
83
—
263
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Changes in benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows:
(In thousands)
Amortization of prior service credit
Net actuarial loss (gain)
Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
Accrued post-retirement liability recognized
December 31,
2020
2019
$
$
(84) $
496
412
(83)
374
291
4,641 $
4,039
The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income that have not yet been recognized as components of net
periodic benefit cost are as follows:
(In thousands)
Net prior service cost (credit)
Net actuarial loss (gain)
Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
December 31,
2020
2019
$
$
1,325 $
869
2,194 $
1,409
374
1,783
The amount expected to be amortized from other comprehensive income into net periodic postretirement cost over
the next fiscal year is $83 thousand.
The discount rates used in the measurement of the postretirement plan obligations are determined by comparing the
expected future retirement payment cash flows of the plans to the Above Median FTSE Pension Discount Curve as
of the measurement date.
The assumed discount rates on a weighted-average basis were 2.16% and 3.06% as of December 31, 2020 and
December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company has fixed contributions, therefore, the annual rate of increase in
healthcare costs is not used in measuring the accumulated post-retirement benefit medical obligation.
For participants in the LTC plan covered by insurance policies, no increase in annual premiums is assumed based on
the history of the corresponding insurance provider.
Estimated benefit payments under the post-retirement benefit plan over the next ten years at December 31, 2020 are
as follows:
Year
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025 - 2030
Payments (In thousands)
123
121
118
117
642
F-67
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
401(k) Plan
The Company provides a 401(k) Plan in which most eligible employees participate. Expense related to the plan was
$3.5 million in 2020, $4.1 million in 2019, and $3.9 million in 2018.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”)
As part of the SI Financial acquisition in 2019, the Company acquired an ESOP plan that was frozen and terminated
prior to the completion of the transaction. On acquisition date, all amounts in the plan were vested and the loan
under the plans was repaid from the sale proceeds of unallocated shares.
Other Plans
The Company maintains supplemental executive retirement plans (“SERPs”) for select current and former
executives. Benefits generally commence no earlier than age sixty-two and are payable either as an annuity or as a
lump sum at the executive’s option. Most of these SERPs were assumed in connection with acquisitions. At year-
end 2020 and 2019, the accrued liability for these SERPs was $20.1 million and $20.3 million, respectively. SERP
expense was $2.0 million in 2020, $0.9 million in 2019, and $0.6 million in 2018, and is recognized over the
required service period.
During 2020, the Company released $0.9 million of accrued SERP liability, following a transition in the Company's
Chief Executive Officer position. The separation agreement did not entitle the former executive to any future
benefits, including the associated SERP, other than those described in the agreement.
The Company has endorsement split-dollar arrangements pertaining to certain current and former executives and
directors. Under these arrangements, the Company purchased policies insuring the lives of the executives and
directors, and separately entered into agreements to split the policy benefits with the individuals. There are no post-
retirement benefits associated with these policies. The Company also assumed split-dollar life insurance agreements
from multiple prior acquisitions. The accrued liability for these split-dollar arrangements was $7.9 million as of
year-end 2020 and $7.1 million as of year-end 2019.
F-68
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14.
INCOME TAXES
Provision for Income Taxes
The components of the Company’s provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and
2018 were, as follows:
(In thousands)
Current:
Federal tax (benefit)/expense
State tax (benefit)/expense
Total current tax (benefit)/expense (1)
Deferred:
Federal tax expense
State tax expense/(benefit)
Total deferred tax expense
Change in valuation allowance
2020
2019
2018
$
(19,889) $
16,576 $
(3,976)
(23,865)
5,323
21,899
2,048
1,964
4,012
—
908
(344)
564
—
12,634
4,114
16,748
8,443
3,770
12,213
—
Income tax (benefit)/expense from continuing operations
Income tax (benefit) from discontinued operations
Total
$
$
(19,853) $
22,463 $
28,961
(7,013)
(1,468)
(26,866) $
20,995 $
(1,313)
27,648
(1) On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") was signed into law. The CARES
Act includes several provisions that temporarily modify the corporate net operating loss (“NOL”) carryback rules for federal income
tax purposes. Specifically, the CARES Act allows a five-year carryback of any NOL generated in a taxable year beginning after
December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2021. The Company recorded a $6 million federal income tax benefit in 2020 resulting
from the carryback of its 2020 NOL to recover federal income taxes paid in 2015 through 2017 at a 35% federal income tax rate.
Effective Tax Rate
The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate for the
years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018:
(In thousands, except rates)
Statutory tax rate
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
State taxes, net of federal tax benefit
Tax exempt income - investments, net
Bank-owned life insurance
Goodwill impairment
Non-deductible merger costs
Tax credits, net of basis reduction
Tax rate benefit on net operating loss
carryback
Other, net
2020
2019
2018
Amount
Rate
Amount
Rate
Amount
Rate
$ (111,936)
21.0 % $ 26,037
21.0 % $ 29,018
21.0 %
(1,589)
(3,184)
(1,283)
0.3
0.6
0.3
103,912
(19.5)
—
(1,812)
(6,040)
2,079
—
0.3
1.1
(0.4)
3,641
(3,527)
(1,305)
—
122
2.9
(2.8)
(1.1)
—
0.1
7,081
(3,620)
(1,337)
—
181
5.1
(2.6)
(1.0)
—
0.1
(3,531)
(2.8)
(3,574)
(2.6)
—
1,026
—
0.8
—
1,212
—
0.9
Effective tax rate
$ (19,853)
3.7 % $ 22,463
18.1 % $ 28,961
20.9 %
F-69
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities
were, as follows:
(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses
Unrealized capital loss on tax credit investments
Employee benefit plans
Purchase accounting adjustments
Net operating loss carryforwards
Lease liability
Premises and equipment
Nonaccrual interest
Other
Deferred tax assets, net before valuation allowances
Valuation allowance
2020
2019
$
35,650 $
2,360
7,607
8,843
1,753
20,119
1,097
1,780
1,733
80,942
(200)
17,446
6,195
10,565
39,359
951
22,497
739
587
501
98,840
(200)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances
$
80,742 $
98,640
Deferred tax liabilities:
Net unrealized gain on securities available for sale and pension in OCI
$
(10,602) $
Loan servicing rights
Deferred loan fees
Intangible amortization
Unamortized tax credit reserve
Right-of-use asset
Deferred tax liabilities
Deferred tax assets, net
Deferred tax liabilities from discontinued operations
Deferred tax assets, net from continuing operations
The Company’s net deferred tax asset decreased by $1.4 million during 2020.
$
$
$
$
(1,674)
(368)
(2,277)
(1,086)
(18,365)
(34,372) $
(4,244)
(4,669)
(1,667)
(18,557)
(1,142)
(20,614)
(50,893)
46,370 $
47,747
— $
46,370 $
(3,418)
51,165
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances, are expected to be realized through the reversal of existing taxable
temporary differences and future taxable income.
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Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Valuation Allowances
The components of the Company’s valuation allowance on its deferred tax asset, net as of December 31, 2020 and
2019 were, as follows:
(in thousands)
State tax basis difference, net of Federal tax benefit
Valuation allowances
2020
2019
$
$
(200) $
(200) $
(200)
(200)
The state tax basis difference, net of Federal tax benefit, was originally recorded in 2012, due to management’s
assessment that it is more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets recorded for the difference between the
book basis and the state tax basis in certain tax credit limited partnership investments (LPs) will not be
realized. Management anticipates that the remaining excess state tax basis will be realized as a capital loss upon
disposition, and that it is unlikely that the Company will have capital gains against which to offset such capital
losses.
There was no change in the valuation allowance during 2020. The valuation allowance as of December 31, 2020 is
subject to change in the future as the Company continues to periodically assess the likelihood of realizing its
deferred tax assets.
Tax Attributes
At December 31, 2020, the Company has $4.5 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards, the utilization of
which are limited under Internal Revenue Code Section 382. These net operating losses begin to expire in 2029. The
related deferred tax asset is $1.0 million.
State net operating loss carryforwards are expected to be utilized in 2021. The related deferred tax asset is
$803 thousand.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates its income tax positions based on tax laws and regulations and financial
reporting considerations, and records adjustments as appropriate. This evaluation takes into consideration the status
of taxing authorities’ current examinations of the Company’s tax returns, recent positions taken by the taxing
authorities on similar transactions, if any, and the overall tax environment in relation to uncertain tax positions.
The following table presents changes in unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019,
and 2018:
(In thousands)
Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1
Increase in gross amounts of tax positions related to prior years
Decrease in gross amounts of tax positions related to prior years
Decrease due to settlement with taxing authority
Decrease due to lapse in statute of limitations
Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31
2020
2019
2018
$
238 $
467 $
309
—
—
(31)
516 $
26
—
(185)
(70)
238 $
$
304
533
(370)
—
—
467
It is reasonably possible that over the next twelve months the amount of unrecognized tax benefits may change from
the reevaluation of uncertain tax positions arising in examinations, in appeals, or in the courts, or from the closure of
tax statutes. The Company does not expect any significant changes in unrecognized tax benefits during the next
twelve months.
All of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would be recorded as a component of income tax
expense, therefore, affecting the effective tax rate. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to
the liability for uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. The accrual for interest and penalties
was not material for all years presented.
F-71
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction as well as in various
states. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income tax
examinations by tax authorities. The Company is no longer subject to examination for tax years prior to 2017
including any related income tax filings from its recent acquisitions. The Company has been selected for audit in the
state of New York for tax years 2015-2017.
F-72
Table of Contents
NOTE 15.
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
At year-end 2020, the Company held derivatives with a total notional amount of $3.9 billion. The Company had
economic hedges and non-hedging derivatives totaling $3.8 billion and $40.1 million, respectively, which are not
designated as hedges for accounting purposes and are therefore recorded at fair value with changes in fair value
recorded directly through earnings. Economic hedges included interest rate swaps totaling $3.5 billion, risk
participation agreements with dealer banks of $326.9 million, and $11.5 million in forward commitment contracts.
Forward sale commitments and commitments to lend are included in discontinued operations.
As part of the Company’s risk management strategy, the Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to
mitigate the interest rate risk inherent in certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Interest rate swap
agreements involve the risk of dealing with both Bank customers and institutional derivative counterparties and
their ability to meet contractual terms. The agreements are entered into with counterparties that meet established
credit standards and contain master netting and collateral provisions protecting the at-risk party. The derivatives
program is overseen by the Risk Management Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. Based on
adherence to the Company’s credit standards and the presence of the netting and collateral provisions, the Company
believes that the credit risk inherent in these contracts was not significant at December 31, 2020.
The Company pledged collateral to derivative counterparties in the form of cash totaling $75.1 million and
securities with an amortized cost of $37.5 million and a fair value of $37.8 million at year-end 2020. At December
31, 2019, the Company pledged cash collateral of $96.3 million and securities with an amortized cost of $25.7
million and a fair value of $25.8 million. The Company does not typically require its commercial customers to post
cash or securities as collateral on its program of back-to-back economic hedges. However certain language is
written into the International Swaps Dealers Association, Inc. (“ISDA”) and loan documents where, in default
situations, the Bank is allowed to access collateral supporting the loan relationship to recover any losses suffered on
the derivative asset or liability. The Company may need to post additional collateral in the future in proportion to
potential increases in unrealized loss positions.
Information about interest rate swap agreements and non-hedging derivative assets and liabilities at December 31,
2020 follows:
December 31, 2020
Economic hedges:
Interest rate swap on tax advantaged
economic development bond
Interest rate swaps on loans with
commercial loan customers
Reverse interest rate swaps on loans with
commercial loan customers
Risk participation agreements with dealer
banks
Forward sale commitments
Total economic hedges
Non-hedging derivatives:
Commitments to lend
Total non-hedging derivatives
Total
Notional
Amount
Weighted
Average
Maturity
(In thousands)
(In years)
Weighted Average Rate
Received
Contract pay rate
Estimated
Fair Value
Asset (Liability)
(In thousands)
0.52 %
4.15 %
1.95 %
5.09 % $
(1,778)
1.95 %
159,016
4.15 %
(64,645)
665
320
93,578
735
735
94,313
$
$
8,654
1,734,978
1,734,978
326,862
11,544
3,817,016
40,099
40,099
$ 3,857,115
8.9
6.1
6.1
8.0
0.2
0.2
F-73
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Information about interest rate swap agreements and non-hedging derivative asset and liabilities at December 31,
2019 follows:
December 31, 2019
Economic hedges:
Interest rate swap on tax advantaged
economic development bond
Interest rate swaps on loans with
commercial loan customers
Reverse interest rate swaps on loans with
commercial loan customers
Risk participation agreements with dealer
banks
Forward sale commitments (1)
Total economic hedges
Non-hedging derivatives:
Commitments to lend (1)
Total non-hedging derivatives
Total
Notional
Amount
(In thousands)
Weighted
Average
Maturity
(In years)
Weighted Average Rate
Received
Contract pay rate
Estimated
Fair Value
Asset (Liability)
(In thousands)
$
9,390
1,669,895
1,669,895
315,140
237,412
3,901,732
168,997
168,997
$ 4,070,729
9.9
6.4
6.4
7.5
0.2
0.2
2.08 %
4.38 %
3.28 %
5.09 % $
(1,488)
3.28 %
75,326
4.38 %
(77,051)
320
(227)
(3,120)
2,628
2,628
(492)
$
(1) Includes the impact of discontinued operations.
F-74
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Economic hedges
As of December 31, 2020 the Company has an interest rate swap with a $8.7 million notional amount to swap out
the fixed rate of interest on an economic development bond bearing a fixed rate of 5.09%, currently within the
Company’s trading portfolio under the fair value option, in exchange for a LIBOR-based floating rate. The intent of
the economic hedge is to improve the Company’s asset sensitivity to changing interest rates in anticipation of
favorable average floating rates of interest over the 21-year life of the bond. The fair value changes of the economic
development bond are mostly offset by fair value changes of the related interest rate swap.
The Company also offers certain derivative products directly to qualified commercial borrowers. The Company
economically hedges derivative transactions executed with commercial borrowers by entering into mirror-image,
offsetting derivatives with third-party financial institutions. The transaction allows the Company’s customer to
convert a variable-rate loan to a fixed rate loan. Because the Company acts as an intermediary for its customer,
changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts mostly offset each other in earnings. Credit valuation
loss adjustments arising from the difference in credit worthiness of the commercial loan and financial institution
counterparties totaled $1.5 million at year-end 2020. The interest income and expense on these mirror image swaps
exactly offset each other.
The Company has risk participation agreements with dealer banks. Risk participation agreements occur when the
Company participates on a loan and a swap where another bank is the lead. The Company earns a fee to take on the
risk associated with having to make the lead bank whole on Berkshire’s portion of the pro-rated swap should the
borrower default.
The Company utilizes forward sale commitments to hedge interest rate risk and the associated effects on the fair
value of interest rate lock commitments and loans held for sale. The forward sale commitments are accounted for as
derivatives with changes in fair value recorded in current period earnings. Forward sale commitments are
included in discontinued operations.
The company uses the following types of forward sale commitments contracts:
• Best efforts loan sales,
• Mandatory delivery loan sales, and
•
To be announced (TBA) mortgage-backed securities sales.
A best efforts contract refers to a loan sales agreement where the Company commits to deliver an individual
mortgage loan of a specified principal amount and quality to an investor if the loan to the underlying borrower
closes. The Company may enter into a best efforts contract once the price is known, which is shortly after the
potential borrower’s interest rate is locked.
A mandatory delivery contract is a loan sales agreement where the Company commits to deliver a certain principal
amount of mortgage loans to an investor at a specified price on or before a specified date. Generally, the Company
may enter into mandatory delivery contracts shortly after the loan closes with a customer.
The Company may sell to-be-announced mortgage-backed securities to hedge the changes in fair value of interest
rate lock commitments and held for sale loans, which do not have corresponding best efforts or mandatory delivery
contracts. These security sales transactions are closed once mandatory contracts are written. On the closing date the
price of the security is locked-in, and the sale is paired-off with a purchase of the same security. Settlement of the
security purchase/sale transaction is done with cash on a net-basis.
F-75
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Non-hedging derivatives
The Company enters into commitments to lend for residential mortgage loans, which commit the Company to lend
funds to a potential borrower at a specific interest rate and within a specified period of time. Commitments that
relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale are considered derivative financial instruments
under applicable accounting guidance. Outstanding commitments expose the Company to the risk that the price of
the mortgage loans underlying the commitments may decline due to increases in mortgage interest rates from
inception of the rate lock to the funding of the loan. The commitments are free-standing derivatives which are
carried at fair value with changes recorded in non-interest income in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of
Operations. Changes in the fair value of commitments subsequent to inception are based on changes in the fair value
of the underlying loan resulting from the fulfillment of the commitment and changes in the probability that the loan
will fund within the terms of the commitment, which is affected primarily by changes in interest rates and the
passage of time. Commitments to lend are included in discontinued operations.
Amounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations related to economic hedges and non-hedging
derivatives were as follows:
(In thousands)
Economic hedges
Interest rate swap on industrial revenue bond:
Unrealized (loss)/gain recognized in other non-interest income
Interest rate swaps on loans with commercial loan customers:
Unrealized gain/(loss) recognized in other non-interest income
(Unfavorable) change in credit valuation adjustment recognized in other non-interest
income
Reverse interest rate swaps on loans with commercial loan customers:
Unrealized (loss)/gain recognized in other non-interest income
Risk Participation Agreements:
Unrealized gain/(loss) recognized in other non-interest income
Forward Commitments:
Unrealized gain/(loss) recognized in discontinued operations
Realized (loss) in discontinued operations
Non-hedging derivatives
Commitments to lend:
Unrealized (loss)/gain recognized in discontinued operations
Realized gain in discontinued operations
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
$
(289) $
(248) $
409
85,206
65,098
8,758
(1,516)
(1,214)
(519)
(85,206)
(65,098)
(8,758)
345
547
83
263
507
(611)
(8,205)
(9,195)
(1,532)
$
(1,893) $
15,672
(1,299) $
57,699
3,358
33,982
F-76
Table of Contents
Assets and Liabilities Subject to Enforceable Master Netting Arrangements
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Interest Rate Swap Agreements (“Swap Agreements”)
The Company enters into swap agreements to facilitate the risk management strategies for commercial banking
customers. The Company mitigates this risk by entering into equal and offsetting swap agreements with highly rated
third party financial institutions. The swap agreements are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value in
the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company is party to master netting arrangements with its
financial institution counterparties; however, the Company does not offset assets and liabilities under these
arrangements for financial statement presentation purposes. The master netting arrangements provide for a single
net settlement of all swap agreements, as well as collateral, in the event of default on, or termination of, any one
contract. Collateral generally in the form of marketable securities is received or posted by the counterparty with net
liability positions, respectively, in accordance with contract thresholds.
The Company had net asset positions with its financial institution counterparties totaling $1.0 million and $0.6
million as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company had net asset positions with
its commercial banking counterparties totaling $159.0 million and $76.4 million as of December 31, 2020 and
December 31, 2019, respectively.
The Company had net liability positions with its financial institution counterparties totaling $66.8 million and $78.8
million as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company had no net liability positions
with its commercial banking counterparties as of December 31, 2020. The Company had net liability positions with
its commercial banking counterparties totaling $1.1 million as of December 31, 2019. The Company has collateral
pledged to cover this liability.
The following table presents the assets and liabilities subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement as of
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
Offsetting of Financial Assets and Derivative Assets
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Assets
Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Statements of
Condition
Net Amounts
of Assets
Presented in the
Statements of
Condition
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statements
of Condition
Financial
Instruments
Cash
Collateral Received
Net Amount
(in thousands)
As of December 31, 2020
Interest Rate Swap Agreements:
$
Institutional counterparties
159,016
Commercial counterparties
$ 160,140 $
Total
1,124 $
(78) $
—
(78) $
1,046 $
159,016
160,062 $
— $
—
— $
1,046
— $
—
159,016
— $ 160,062
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities and Derivative Liabilities
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Liabilities
(in thousands)
As of December 31, 2020
Interest Rate Swap Agreements:
Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Statements of
Condition
Net Amounts
of Liabilities
Presented in the
Statement of
Condition
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statements
of Condition
Financial
Instruments
Cash
Collateral Received
Net Amount
Institutional counterparties
Commercial counterparties
Total
$ (164,543) $
—
$ (164,543) $
97,740 $
—
97,740 $
(66,803) $
—
(66,803) $
37,815 $
—
37,815 $
75,070 $ 46,082
—
75,070 $ 46,082
—
F-77
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Offsetting of Financial Assets and Derivative Assets
(in thousands)
As of December 31, 2019
Interest Rate Swap Agreements:
Institutional counterparties
$
Commercial counterparties
Total
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Assets
Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Statements of
Condition
Net Amounts
of Assets
Presented in the
Statements of
Condition
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statements
of Condition
Financial
Instruments
Cash
Collateral Received
Net Amount
640 $
76,428
$ 77,068 $
(54) $
(22)
(76) $
586 $
76,406
76,992 $
— $
—
— $
586
— $
—
76,406
— $ 76,992
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities and Derivative Liabilities
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Liabilities
Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Statements of
Condition
Net Amounts
of Liabilities
Presented in the
Statement of
Condition
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statements
of Condition
Financial
Instruments
Cash
Collateral Received
Net Amount
(in thousands)
As of December 31, 2019
Interest Rate Swap Agreements:
Institutional counterparties
$ (80,024) $
Commercial counterparties
Total
(1,080)
$ (81,104) $
1,219 $
(78,805) $
—
1,219 $
(1,080)
(79,885) $
25,828 $
—
25,828 $
96,310 $ 43,333
—
(1,080)
96,310 $ 42,253
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Table of Contents
NOTE 16.
LEASES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Substantially all of the leases in which the Company is the lessee are comprised of real estate property for branches,
ATM locations, and office space. Most of the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases. At December 31,
2020 lease expiration dates ranged from 1 month to 19 years.
The following table represents the Consolidated Balance Sheets classification of the Company’s right-of-use
(“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities:
(In thousands)
Lease Right-of-Use Assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets (1)
Classification
Other assets
Finance lease right-of-use assets
Premises and equipment, net
Total Lease Right-of-Use Assets
Lease Liabilities
Operating lease liabilities (2)
Finance lease liabilities
Total Lease Liabilities
Other liabilities
Other liabilities
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
$
$
$
$
60,018 $
7,197
67,215 $
63,894 $
10,383
74,277 $
76,332
7,720
84,052
80,734
10,883
91,617
(1) There are no operating lease right-of-use assets classified as discontinued operations as of December 31, 2020. There
are operating lease right-of-use assets classified as discontinued operations of $3.5 million as of December 31, 2019.
(2) There are no operating lease liabilities classified as discontinued operations as of December 31, 2020. There are
operating lease liabilities classified as discontinued operations of $3.5 million as of December 31, 2019.
Supplemental information related to leases was as follows:
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
Operating leases
Finance leases
Weighted-Average Discount Rate
Operating leases
Finance leases
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
9.8
13.8
2.81 %
5.00 %
10.3
14.8
3.36 %
5.00 %
The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for
separately. For real estate leases, non-lease components and other non-components, such as common area
maintenance charges, real estate taxes, and insurance are not included in the measurement of the lease liability since
they are generally able to be segregated.
The Company does not have any material sub-lease agreements.
Lease expense for operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $13.5 million, of which $1.2 million
was related to FCLS and is reported as discontinued operations. Variable lease components, such as consumer price
index adjustments, are expensed as incurred and not included in ROU assets and operating lease liabilities.
Lease expense for operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $14.4 million, of which $2.8 million
was related to FCLS and is reported as discontinued operations. Variable lease components, such as consumer price
index adjustments, are expensed as incurred and not included in ROU assets and operating lease liabilities.
F-79
Table of Contents
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands)
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (1)
$
13,750 $
Operating cash flows from finance leases
Financing cash flows from finance leases
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases (1)
Finance leases
530
500
7,083
—
14,731
553
435
88,079
—
(1) Includes operating cash flows from operating leases related to discontinued operations of $1.2 million and $2.8 million
at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
The following table presents a maturity analysis of the Company’s lease liability by lease classification at
December 31, 2020:
(In thousands)
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Thereafter
Total undiscounted lease payments
Less amounts representing interest
Lease liability
Operating Leases
Finance Leases
$
10,875 $
9,990
8,752
7,508
5,668
31,215
74,008
$
(10,114)
63,894 $
1,023
1,031
1,037
1,037
1,037
9,223
14,388
(4,005)
10,383
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Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 17. OTHER COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES, AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET ACTIVITIES
In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was reported to have surfaced in China and has
since spread to a number of other countries, including the United States. In March 2020, the World Health
Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and the United States declared a National Public Health
Emergency. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is fluid and continues to evolve, which is adversely affecting
some of the Company’s clients. The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated impacts on trade (including supply
chains and export levels), travel, employee productivity, unemployment, consumer spending, and other economic
activities has resulted in less economic activity, lower equity market valuations and significant volatility and
disruption in financial markets and has had an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and
results of operations. The ultimate extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business,
financial condition and results of operations is currently uncertain and will depend on various developments and
other factors, including, among others, the duration and scope of the pandemic, as well as governmental, regulatory
and private sector responses to the pandemic, and the associated impacts on the economy, financial markets, and our
clients, employees, and vendors.
The Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations generally rely upon the ability of the
Company’s borrowers to repay their loans, the value of collateral underlying the Company’s secured loans, and
demand for loans and other products and services the Company offers, which are highly dependent on the business
environment in the Company’s primary markets where it operates and in the United States as a whole.
During the current year, the Company’s results of operations were negatively impacted by full impairment of the
Company's goodwill, an increase in its provision for credit losses and related allowance for credit losses, a decline
in the fair value of its equity portfolio, and a decline in valuation of assets. These circumstances could cause the
Company to experience a material adverse effect on our business operations, asset valuations, financial condition,
results of operations and prospects. Material adverse impacts may include all or a combination of valuation
impairments on the Company’s intangible assets, investments, loans, loan servicing rights, deferred tax assets, lease
right-of-use assets, or counter-party risk derivatives.
Beginning in March 2020, the Company has offered three-month payment deferrals for customers with a current
payment status who were negatively impacted by economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Through December 31, 2020, the Company had modified 5,701 loans with a carrying value of $1.5 billion. As of
December 31, 2020, the Company had 746 active modified loans outstanding with a carrying value of
$316.1 million, which excluded loans returning to payment or awaiting evaluation for further deferral. The
Company continues to accrue interest on these loans during the deferral period. In accordance with interagency
guidance issued in March 2020 and Section 4013 (Temporary Relief from Troubled Debt Restructurings) of the
CARES Act, these short-term deferrals are not considered troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) unless the
borrower was previously experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the risk-ratings on COVID-19 modified
loans did not automatically change as a result of payment deferrals, and these loans will not be considered past due
until after the deferral period is over and scheduled payments resume.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Credit Related Financial Instruments. The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk
in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include
commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements
of credit, and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Balance
Sheets.
The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial
instrument is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments. The Company uses the same credit
policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. A summary of financial instruments
outstanding whose contract amounts represent credit risk is as follows at year-end:
(In thousands)
Commitments to originate new loans (1)
Unused funds on commercial and other lines of credit
Unadvanced funds on home equity lines of credit
Unadvanced funds on construction and real estate loans
Standby letters of credit
Total
2020
2019
$
211,485 $
944,678
371,080
226,736
24,501
143,812
850,761
384,723
440,599
15,527
$
1,778,480 $
1,835,422
(1) As of December 31, 2020, there were no commitments to originate new loans related to discontinued operations. As of
December 31, 2019, commitments to originate new loans include $132.7 million related to discontinued operations.
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition
established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may
require payment of a fee. The commitments for lines of credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the
total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each
customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a
customer to a third party. These letters of credit are primarily issued to support borrowing arrangements. The credit
risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to
customers. The Company considers standby letters of credit to be guarantees and the amount of the recorded
liability related to such guarantees was not material at year-end 2020 and 2019.
Employment and Change in Control Agreements. The Company and the Bank have change in control agreements
with several officers which provide a severance payment in the event employment is terminated in conjunction with
a defined change in control.
Legal Claims. Various legal claims arise from time to time in the normal course of business. As of December 31,
2020, neither the Company nor the Bank was involved in any pending legal proceedings believed by management to
be material, that are not accrued for, to the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. As of December
31, 2020, the Company had litigation accrual of $110 thousand. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had
litigation accrual of $2.0 million.
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NOTE 18.
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Minimum Regulatory Capital Requirements
The Company and Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal and state
banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly
additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if imposed, could have a direct material impact on the
Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for
prompt corrective action, the Company and Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative
measures of its assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting
practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about
components, risk weighting and other factors.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and Bank to
maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total and Tier 1 capital (as defined in the
regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined) and of Tier 1 capital to average assets (as defined). As of year-end
2020 and 2019, the Bank and the Company met the capital adequacy requirements. Regulators may set higher
expected capital requirements in some cases based on their examinations.
At December 31, 2020, the capital levels of both the Company and the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital
requirements and their regulatory capital ratios were above the minimum levels. The capital levels of both the
Company and the Bank at December 31, 2020 also exceeded the minimum capital requirements including the
currently applicable BASEL III capital conservation buffer of 1.875%.
As of year-end 2020 and 2019, the Bank met the conditions to be classified as “well capitalized” under the relevant
regulatory framework. To be categorized as well capitalized, an institution must maintain minimum total risk-based,
Tier 1 risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following tables.
F-83
Table of Contents
The Company and Bank’s actual and required capital amounts were as follows:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020
Company (Consolidated)
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to
risk weighted assets
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted
assets
Tier 1 capital to average assets
Bank
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to
risk weighted assets
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted
assets
Tier 1 capital to average assets
December 31, 2019
Company (Consolidated)
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to
risk weighted assets
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted
assets
Tier 1 capital to average assets
Bank
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to
risk weighted assets
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted
assets
Tier 1 capital to average assets
Actual
Minimum
Capital
Requirement
Minimum to be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
Amount
Ratio
Amount
Ratio
Amount
Ratio
$ 1,337,008
16.10 % $ 664,239
8.00 %
1,145,329
13.79
373,634
1,167,512
14.06
498,179
1,167,512
9.38
332,119
4.50
6.00
4.00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$ 1,243,287
14.99 % $ 663,429
8.00 % $ 961,659
10.00 %
1,148,205
13.85
373,179
4.50
625,079
1,148,205
13.85
497,572
1,148,205
9.23
331,715
6.00
4.00
769,327
480,830
$ 1,321,910
13.73 % $ 770,294
8.00 %
1,161,800
12.07
433,290
1,183,932
12.30
577,720
1,183,932
9.33
385,147
4.50
6.00
4.00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
6.50
8.00
5.00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
$ 1,233,278
12.82 % $ 769,327
8.00 % $ 961,659
10.00 %
1,169,535
12.16
432,747
4.50
625,079
1,169,535
12.16
576,996
1,169,535
9.14
384,664
6.00
4.00
769,327
480,830
6.50
8.00
5.00
F-84
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Common stock
The Bank is subject to dividend restrictions imposed by various regulators, including a limitation on the total of all
dividends that the Bank may pay to the Company in any calendar year. The total of all dividends shall not exceed
the Bank’s net income for the current year (as defined by statute), plus the Bank’s net income retained for the two
previous years, without regulatory approval. Dividends from the Bank are an important source of funds to the
Company to make dividend payments on its common and preferred stock, to make payments on its borrowings, and
for its other cash needs. The ability of the Company and the Bank to pay dividends is dependent on regulatory
policies and regulatory capital requirements. The ability to pay such dividends in the future may be adversely
affected by new legislation or regulations, or by changes in regulatory policies relating to capital, safety and
soundness, and other regulatory concerns.
The payment of dividends by the Company is subject to Delaware law, which generally limits dividends to an
amount equal to an excess of the net assets of a company (the amount by which total assets exceed total liabilities)
over statutory capital, or if there is no excess, to the Company’s net profits for the current and/or immediately
preceding fiscal year.
Preferred stock
The Company previously issued Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock. Each preferred share is convertible into two
shares of the Company's common stock under specified conditions. The shares are considered participating, but do
not maintain preferential treatment over common shares. Proportional dividends on the preferred shares are not
payable unless also declared for common shares. The preferred shares were converted to common stock during 2020
and therefore there were no preferred shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020.
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Year-end components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows:
(In thousands)
Other accumulated comprehensive income/(loss), before tax:
Net unrealized holding gain/(loss) on AFS securities
Net unrealized holding (loss) on pension plans
Income taxes related to items of accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income:
Net unrealized holding (gain)/loss on AFS securities
Net unrealized holding loss on pension plans
Accumulated other comprehensive income
2020
2019
$
44,988 $
(3,511)
19,262
(3,022)
(11,530)
(5,059)
924
812
$
30,871 $
11,993
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Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table presents the components of other comprehensive (loss)/income for the years ended
December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018:
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Net unrealized holding gain on AFS securities:
Net unrealized gain arising during the period
Before Tax
Tax Effect
Net of Tax
$
25,721 $
(6,470) $
19,251
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) realized in net income
(5)
1
(4)
Net unrealized holding gain on AFS securities
25,726
(6,471)
19,255
Net unrealized holding (loss) on pension plans
Net unrealized (loss) arising during the period
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) realized in net income
Net unrealized holding (loss) on pension plans
Other comprehensive gain
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Net unrealized holding gain on AFS securities:
Net unrealized gain arising during the period
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income
Net unrealized holding gain on AFS securities
Net unrealized holding (loss) on pension plans
Net unrealized (loss) arising during the period
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) realized in net income
Net unrealized holding (loss) on pension plans
Other comprehensive gain
Less: reclassification related to adoption of ASU 2016-01
Less: reclassification related to adoption of ASU 2018-02
Total change to accumulated other comprehensive (loss)
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Net unrealized holding (loss) on AFS securities:
Net unrealized (loss) arising during the period
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income
Net unrealized holding (loss) on AFS securities
Net unrealized holding (loss) on pension plans
Net unrealized gain arising during the period
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) realized in net income
Net unrealized holding loss on pension plans
Other comprehensive (loss)
Less: reclassification related to adoption of ASU 2016-01
Less: reclassification related to adoption of ASU 2018-02
Total change to accumulated other comprehensive (loss)
F-86
(489)
—
(489)
112
—
112
(377)
—
(377)
$
25,237 $
(6,359) $
18,878
Before Tax
Tax Effect
Net of Tax
$
34,591 $
(8,890) $
25,701
61
34,530
(17)
44
(8,873)
25,657
(270)
—
(270)
76
—
76
(194)
—
(194)
$
34,260 $
(8,797) $
25,463
—
—
—
—
—
—
$
34,260 $
(8,797) $
25,463
Before Tax
Tax Effect
Net of Tax
$
(16,917) $
6
4,419 $
(2)
(16,923)
4,421
(12,498)
4
(12,502)
135
(201)
336
(16,587) $
8,379
—
(24,966) $
$
$
(54)
54
(108)
4,313 $
(2,126)
(896)
7,335 $
81
(147)
228
(12,274)
6,253
(896)
(17,631)
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table presents the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), for
the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018:
Net unrealized
holding gain (loss)
on AFS Securities
Net unrealized
holding gain (loss)
on pension plans
Total
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Balance at Beginning of Year
Other comprehensive gain/(loss) before reclassifications
19,251
(377)
$
14,204 $
(2,211) $
11,993
18,874
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
(4)
—
(4)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
19,255
(377)
18,878
Balance at End of Period
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Balance at Beginning of Year
Other comprehensive gain/(loss) before reclassifications
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
Balance at End of Period
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Balance at Beginning of Year
$
$
$
$
33,459 $
(2,588) $
30,871
(11,453) $
(2,017) $
(13,470)
25,701
(194)
25,507
44
—
25,657
14,204 $
(194)
(2,211) $
44
25,463
11,993
6,008 $
(1,847) $
4,161
Other comprehensive (loss)/income before reclassifications
(12,498)
81
(12,417)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
4
(147)
(143)
Total other comprehensive (loss)/income
Less: amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss) related to adoption of ASU 2016-01 and
ASU 2018-02
Balance at End of Period
(12,502)
4,959
228
398
(12,274)
5,357
$
(11,453) $
(2,017) $
(13,470)
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Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table presents the amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive
(loss)/income for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018:
(in thousands)
Realized (losses)/gains on AFS securities:
Realized (losses) on pension plans
Total reclassifications for the period
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2020
Affected Line Item in the
Statement Where Net Income
Is Presented
$
$
(5) $
1
(4)
—
—
—
(4) $
61 $
(17)
44
—
—
—
44 $
Non-interest income
Tax expense
6
(2)
4
(201) Non-interest expense
Tax expense
54
(147)
(143)
F-88
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Loss)/Earnings Per Common Share
Basic (loss)/earnings per common share (“EPS”) excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income
applicable to common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year. Diluted
EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock (such as
stock options) were exercised or converted into additional common shares that would then share in the earnings of
the entity. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income applicable to common stock by the weighted average
number of common shares outstanding for the year, plus an incremental number of common-equivalent shares
computed using the treasury stock method.
(Loss)/earnings per common share has been computed based on the following (average diluted shares outstanding is
calculated using the treasury stock method):
(In thousands, except per share data)
Net (loss)/income from continuing operations
Net (loss) from discontinued operations
Net (loss)/income
Average number of common shares issued
Less: average number of treasury shares
Less: average number of unvested stock award shares
Plus: average participating preferred shares
Average number of basic common shares outstanding
Plus: dilutive effect of unvested stock award shares
Plus: dilutive effect of stock options outstanding
Years Ended December 31,
2020
(513,175) $
(19,842)
(533,017) $
$
$
2019
101,521 $
(4,071)
97,450 $
2018
109,219
(3,454)
105,765
51,903
1,569
505
441
50,270
—
—
49,782
1,142
420
1,043
49,263
122
36
46,212
810
421
1,043
46,024
180
27
Average number of diluted common shares outstanding
50,270
49,421
46,231
Basic (loss)/earnings per share:
Continuing Operations
Discontinued operations
Basic (loss)/earnings per common share
Diluted (loss)/earnings per share:
Continuing Operations
Discontinued operations
Diluted (loss)/earnings per common share
$
$
$
$
(10.21) $
(0.39)
(10.60) $
2.06 $
(0.08)
1.98 $
(10.21) $
(0.39)
(10.60) $
2.05 $
(0.08)
1.97 $
2.38
(0.08)
2.30
2.36
(0.07)
2.29
Due to the net loss in 2020, all unvested restricted stock and options were considered anti-dilutive and therefore
excluded from the earnings per share calculations. For the year ended 2019, 61 thousand options were anti-dilutive
and therefore excluded from the earnings per share calculations. For the year ended 2018, 38 thousand options were
anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the earnings per share calculations.
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Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 19.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS
The 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) permits the granting of a combination of Restricted Stock awards
and incentive and non-qualified stock options (“Stock Options”) to employees and directors. A total of 1.0 million
shares was authorized under the Plan. Awards may be granted as either Restricted Stock or Stock Options provided
that any shares that are granted as Restricted Stock are counted against the share limit set forth as (1) three for every
one share of Restricted Stock granted and (2) one for every one share of Stock Option granted. As of the 2018 Plan's
effective date, all expired, canceled, and forfeited shares under the 2013 Plan are included in the 2018 Plan's
available shares. As of year-end 2020, the Company had the ability to grant approximately 0.9 million shares under
this plan.
A summary of activity in the Company’s stock compensation plans is shown below:
(Shares in thousands)
Number of Shares
Weighted- Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Number of Shares
Weighted- Average
Exercise Price
Non-vested Stock
Awards Outstanding
Stock Options Outstanding
Balance, December 31, 2019
Granted
Acquired
Stock options exercised
Stock awards vested
Forfeited
Expired
Balance, December 31, 2020
450 $
314
—
—
(156)
(91)
—
517 $
32.47
16.69
—
—
33.18
29.86
—
28.35
153 $
—
—
(37)
—
—
(4)
112 $
22.00
—
—
17.85
—
—
11.99
22.95
Stock Awards
The total compensation cost for stock awards recognized as expense was $4.7 million, $4.8 million, and $4.8
million, in the years 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The total recognized tax benefit associated with this
compensation cost was $1.2 million, $1.3 million, and $1.3 million, respectively.
The weighted average fair value of stock awards granted was $16.69, $29.47, and $37.87 in 2020, 2019, and 2018,
respectively. Stock awards vest over periods up to five years and are valued at the closing price of the stock on the
grant date. Certain awards vest based on the Company's performance over established measurement periods. The
total fair value of stock awards vested during 2020, 2019, and 2018 was $5.2 million, $4.8 million, and $4.8 million
respectively. The unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock awards was $6.2
million as of year-end 2020. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of two years.
F-90
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Option Awards
Option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of
grant, and vest over periods up to five years. The options grant the holder the right to acquire a share of the
Company’s common stock for each option held, and have a contractual life of ten years. As of year-end 2020, the
weighted average remaining contractual term for options outstanding is three years.
The Company generally issues shares from treasury stock as options are exercised. The fair value of each option
grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The expected dividend yield
and expected term are based on management estimates. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility. The
risk-free interest rates for the expected term are based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the
grant. The Company did not grant options during 2020. The Company acquired options in the SI Financial Group
transaction in 2019, but did not grant additional options during 2019. The Company did not grant options during
2018.
The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $246 thousand, $149 thousand, and $855 thousand for the years
2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. During 2020, the expense pertaining to options vesting was $96 thousand.
During 2019, the expense pertaining to options vesting was $93 thousand. There was no expense pertaining to
options vesting in 2018. The tax benefit associated with stock option expense for both 2020 and 2019 was $25
thousand. There was no tax benefit associated with stock option expense in 2018. The unrecognized stock-based
compensation expense related to unvested stock options as of year-end 2020 and 2019 was $27 thousand and $124
thousand, respectively. There was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock
options as of year-end 2018.
F-91
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 20.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general
classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below. These valuation
methodologies were applied to all of the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are carried at fair
value, including assets classified as discontinued operations on the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 2 -
Discontinued Operations for more information on assets and liabilities classified as discontinued operations.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements of Financial Instruments
The following table summarizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of year-end 2020
and 2019 segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair
value:
(In thousands)
Trading security
Available-for-sale securities:
Municipal bonds and obligations
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
Corporate bonds
Other bonds and obligations
Marketable equity securities
Loans held for investment
Loans held for sale
Derivative assets
Capitalized servicing rights
Derivative liabilities
(In thousands)
Trading security
Available-for-sale securities:
Municipal bonds and obligations
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
Corporate bonds
Other bonds and obligations
Marketable equity securities
Loans held for sale (1)
Derivative assets (1)
Capitalized servicing rights (1)
Derivative liabilities (1)
December 31, 2020
Level 1
Inputs
Level 2
Inputs
Level 3
Inputs
Total
Fair Value
$
— $
— $
9,708 $
9,708
—
—
—
—
—
—
17,841
—
—
—
—
—
97,803
756,826
438,132
288,650
45,030
53,791
672
—
12,992
159,016
—
65,758
—
—
—
97,803
756,826
438,132
—
15,000
288,650
60,030
—
—
2,265
4,756
53,791
18,513
2,265
17,748
1,055
160,071
3,033
—
3,033
65,758
December 31, 2019
Level 1
Inputs
Level 2
Inputs
Level 3
Inputs
Total
Fair Value
$
— $
— $
10,769 $ 10,769
—
—
—
—
—
—
40,499
—
—
—
227
110,138
748,812
147,744
147,096
73,610
41,189
1,057
140,280
77,562
—
80,454
—
—
—
110,138
748,812
147,744
—
42,966
147,096
116,576
—
—
—
41,189
41,556
140,280
2,628
12,299
—
80,190
12,299
80,681
(1) Includes assets and liabilities classified as discontinued operations.
F-92
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
During the year ended December 31, 2020, there were no transfers between Level 1, 2 and 3. During the year ended
December 31, 2019, the Company had four transfers totaling $44.0 million in corporate bonds from Level 2 to
Level 3 based on recent inactivity in the market related to pricing information for similar bonds. There were no
transfers between Level 1, 2, and 3 during the years ended December 31, 2018.
Trading Security at Fair Value. The Company holds one security designated as a trading security. It is a tax
advantaged economic development bond issued to the Company by a local nonprofit which provides wellness and
health programs. The determination of the fair value for this security is determined based on a discounted cash flow
methodology. Certain inputs to the fair value calculation are unobservable and there is little to no market activity in
the security; therefore, the security meets the definition of a Level 3 security. The discount rate used in the valuation
of the security is sensitive to movements in the 3-month LIBOR rate.
Securities Available for Sale and Marketable Equity Securities. Marketable equity securities classified as Level 1
consist of publicly-traded equity securities for which the fair values can be obtained through quoted market prices in
active exchange markets. Marketable equity securities classified as Level 2 consist of securities with infrequent
trades in active exchange markets, and pricing is primarily sourced from third party pricing services. AFS securities
classified as Level 2 include most of the Company’s debt securities. The pricing on Level 2 and Level 3 was
primarily sourced from third party pricing services, overseen by management, and is based on models that consider
standard input factors such as dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading
levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and
condition, among other things. Level 3 pricing includes inputs unobservable to market participants.
Loans Held for Investment. The Company’s held for investment loan portfolio includes loans originated by
Company and loans acquired through business combinations. The Company intends to hold these assets until
maturity as a part of its business operations. For one acquired portfolio subset, the Company previously accounted
for these purchased-credit impaired loans as a pool under ASC 310, as they were determined to have common risk
characteristics. These loans were recorded at fair value on acquisition date and subsequently evaluated for
impairment collectively. Upon adoption of ASC 326, the Company elected the fair value option on this portfolio,
recognizing a $11.2 million fair value write-down charged to Retained Earnings, net of deferred tax impact, as of
January 1, 2020. The fair value of this loan portfolio is determined based on a discounted cash flow methodology.
Certain inputs to the fair value calculation are unobservable; therefore, the loans meet the definition of Level 3
assets. The discount rate used in the valuation is consistent with assets that have significant credit deterioration. The
cash flow assumptions include payment schedules for loans with current payment histories and estimated collateral
value for delinquent loans. All of these loans were nonperforming as of December 31, 2020.
December 31, 2020
(In thousands)
Loans held for investment at fair value
Aggregate
Fair Value
Aggregate
Less Aggregate
Unpaid Principal
Unpaid Principal
$
2,265 $
53,945 $
(51,680)
Aggregate Fair Value
Loans held for sale. The Company elected the fair value option for all mortgage loans originated for sale (HFS) that
were originated for sale on or after May 1, 2012. Loans HFS are classified as Level 2 as the fair value is based on
input factors such as quoted prices for similar loans in active markets.
December 31, 2020 (In thousands)
Loans held for sale - continuing operations
Loans held for sale - discontinued operations
Loans held for sale
December 31, 2019 (In thousands)
Loans held for sale - continuing operations
Loans held for sale - discontinued operations
Loans held for sale
Aggregate
Fair Value
Aggregate
Unpaid Principal
Aggregate Fair Value
Less Aggregate
Unpaid Principal
12,992 $
—
12,992 $
12,639 $
—
12,639 $
353
—
353
Aggregate
Fair Value
Aggregate
Unpaid Principal
Aggregate Fair Value
Less Aggregate
Unpaid Principal
7,625 $
132,655
140,280 $
7,485 $
129,622
137,107 $
140
3,033
3,173
$
$
$
$
F-93
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The changes in fair value of loans held for sale for the year ended December 31, 2020 were gains of $212 thousand
from continuing operations and gains of $3.0 million from discontinued operations. The changes in fair value of
loans held for sale for the year ended December 31, 2019 were gains of $97 thousand from continuing operations
and losses of $138 thousand from discontinued operations. During 2020, originations of loans held for sale from
continuing operations totaled $150 million and sales of loans originated for sale from continuing operations totaled
$141 million. During 2020, originations of loans held for sale from discontinued operations totaled $624 billion and
sales of loans originated for sale from discontinued operations totaled $755 billion. During 2019, originations of
loans held for sale from continuing operations totaled $67 million and sales of loans originated for sale from
continuing operations totaled $62 million. During 2019, originations of loans held for sale from discontinued
operations totaled $2.9 billion and sales of loans originated for sale from discontinued operations totaled $2.8
billion.
Interest Rate Swaps. The valuation of the Company’s interest rate swaps is obtained from a third-party pricing
service and is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. The
pricing analysis is based on observable inputs for the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to
maturity and interest rate curves.
The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk
and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of
its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and
any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings.
Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its interest rate derivatives fall
within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize
Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its
counterparties. However, as of year-end 2020, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit
valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation
adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined
that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Commitments to Lend. The Company enters into commitments to lend for residential mortgage loans intended for
sale, which commit the Company to lend funds to a potential borrower at a certain interest rate and within a
specified period of time. The estimated fair value of commitments to originate residential mortgage loans for sale is
based on quoted prices for similar loans in active markets. However, this value is adjusted by a factor which
considers the likelihood that the loan commitment will ultimately close, and by the non-refundable costs of
originating the loan. The closing ratio is derived from the Bank’s internal data and is adjusted using significant
management judgment. The costs to originate are primarily based on the Company’s internal commission rates that
are not observable. As such, these commitments to lend are classified as Level 3 measurements. Commitments to
lend are included in discontinued operations. See Note 2 - Discontinued Operations for more information on assets
and liabilities classified as discontinued operations.
Forward Sale Commitments. The Company utilizes forward sale commitments as economic hedges against
potential changes in the values of the commitments to lend and loans originated for sale. To be announced (TBA)
mortgage-backed securities forward commitment sales are used as hedging instruments, are classified as Level 1,
and consist of publicly-traded debt securities for which identical fair values can be obtained through quoted market
prices in active exchange markets. The fair values of the Company’s best efforts and mandatory delivery loan sale
commitments are determined similarly to the commitments to lend using quoted prices in the market place that are
observable. However, costs to originate and closing ratios included in the calculation are internally generated and
are based on management’s judgment and prior experience, which are considered factors that are not observable. As
such, best efforts and mandatory forward sale commitments are classified as Level 3 measurements. Forward sale
commitments are included in discontinued operations. See Note 2 - Discontinued Operations for more information
on assets and liabilities classified as discontinued operations.
F-94
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Capitalized Servicing Rights. The Company accounts for certain capitalized servicing rights at fair value in its
Consolidated Financial Statements, as the Company is permitted to elect the fair value option for each specific
instrument. A loan servicing right asset represents the amount by which the present value of the estimated future net
cash flows to be received from servicing loans exceed adequate compensation for performing the servicing. The fair
value of servicing rights is estimated using a present value cash flow model. The most important assumptions used
in the valuation model are the anticipated rate of the loan prepayments and discount rates. Although some
assumptions in determining fair value are based on standards used by market participants, some are based on
unobservable inputs and therefore are classified in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
F-95
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The table below presents the changes in Level 3 assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis at year-
end 2020 and 2019:
(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2018
Unrealized (loss), net recognized in
other non-interest income
Unrealized gain/(loss), net recognized
in discontinued
operations
Unrealized gain included in
accumulated other comprehensive loss
Transfers to Level 3
Paydown of trading security
Transfers to loans held for sale
Additions to servicing rights
Assets (Liabilities)
Trading
Security
Securities
Available
for Sale
Loans Held
for
Investment
Commitments
to Lend (1)
Forward
Commitments
(1)
Capitalized
Servicing
Rights (1)
$
11,212 $
— $
— $
3,927 $
— $
11,485
258
—
—
—
—
(162)
—
(701)
43,128
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
55,771
—
—
—
(57,070)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(10,322)
—
—
—
—
11,136
Balance as of December 31, 2019
$
10,769 $
42,966 $
— $
2,628 $
— $
12,299
Adoption of ASC 326
Maturities, calls, and prepayments of
AFS Security
Unrealized (loss) gain, net recognized
in other non-interest income
Unrealized gain/(loss), net recognized
in discontinued
operations
Unrealized (loss) included in
accumulated other comprehensive loss
Transfers to Level 3
Paydown of asset
Transfers to loans held for sale
Additions to servicing rights
—
—
(327)
—
—
—
(734)
—
—
—
7,660
(30,000)
—
(1,283)
—
—
—
(4,112)
—
—
2,034
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(822)
16,565
320
(8,444)
—
—
—
(18,458)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Balance as of December 31, 2020
$
9,708 $
15,000 $
2,265 $
735 $
320 $
3,033
Unrealized gains/(losses) relating to
instruments still held at December 31,
2020
Unrealized gains/(losses) relating to
instruments still held at December 31,
2019
$
$
1,053 $
287 $
— $
735 $
320 $
1,379 $
(162) $
— $
2,628 $
— $
—
—
(1) For 2019, these assets were classified as assets from discontinued operations on the consolidated balance sheets.
F-96
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs within Level 3 recurring assets/(liabilities) as of
December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
(In thousands)
Assets
Fair Value
December 31, 2020
Valuation Techniques
Unobservable Inputs
Significant
Unobservable Input
Value
Trading Security
$
9,708 Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rate
Securities Available for Sale
15,000
Indication from
Market Maker
Price
Loans held for investment
2,265 Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rate
2.72 %
102.00 %
30.00 %
Commitments to Lend
735 Historical Trend
Pricing Model
Forward Commitments
320 Historical Trend
Pricing Model
Capitalized Servicing Rights
3,033 Discounted cash flow
Total
$
31,061
Collateral Value
$8.1 - $21.9
Closing Ratio
Origination Costs, per
loan
Closing Ratio
Origination Costs, per
loan
Constant prepayment
rate (CPR)
Discount rate
$
$
74.54 %
3
74.54 %
3
26.52 %
10.00 %
(In thousands)
Assets
Fair Value
December 31, 2019
Valuation Techniques
Unobservable Inputs
Significant
Unobservable Input
Value
Trading Security
$
10,769 Discounted Cash Flow Discount Rate
2.21 %
Securities Available for Sale
42,966
Indication from
Market Maker
Price
97.00% - 100.00%
Commitments to Lend (1)
2,628 Historical Trend
Closing Ratio
77.81 %
Capitalized Servicing Rights (1)
12,299 Discounted cash flow
Pricing Model
Origination Costs, per
loan
Constant prepayment
rate (CPR)
Discount rate
$
3
11.50 %
10.00 %
Total
$
68,662
(1) Classified as assets from discontinued operations on the consolidated balance sheets.
F-97
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company is required, on a non-recurring basis, to adjust the carrying value or provide valuation allowances for
certain assets using fair value measurements in accordance with GAAP. The following is a summary of applicable
non-recurring fair value measurements. There are no liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis.
(In thousands)
Assets
Individually evaluated loans
Capitalized servicing rights
Other real estate owned
Total
(In thousands)
Assets
Individually evaluated loans
Capitalized servicing rights
Total
December 31, 2020
Fair Value Measurements as
of December 31, 2018
Level 3
Inputs
Level 3
Inputs
28,028
13,315
149
41,492
December 2020
December 2020
December 2020
December 31, 2019
Fair Value Measurements as
of December 31, 2017
Level 3
Inputs
Level 3
Inputs
8,831
14,152
22,983
December 2019
December 2019
$
$
$
$
Quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs within Level 3 non-recurring assets as of
December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
(in thousands)
Assets
December 31, 2020
Valuation Techniques
Unobservable Inputs
Range (Weighted Average) (a)
Individually evaluated
loans
$
28,028
Fair value of
collateral
Capitalized servicing
rights
13,315
Discounted cash
flow
Other real estate owned
149
Fair value of
collateral
Total Assets
$
41,492
Loss severity
0.07% to 100.00% (46.36%)
Appraised value
Constant prepayment
rate (CPR)
Discount rate
$0 to $11,432 ($9,800)
14.49% to 23.29% (16.98%)
10.00% to 11.00% (10.56%)
Appraised value
$94 - $182
(a) Where dollar amounts are disclosed, the amounts represent the lowest and highest fair value of the respective assets in the population
except for adjustments for market/property conditions, which represents the range of adjustments to individual properties.
F-98
Table of Contents
(in thousands)
Assets
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2019
Valuation Techniques
Unobservable Inputs
Range (Weighted Average) (a)
Individually evaluated
loans
$
8,831
Fair value of
collateral
Capitalized servicing
rights
14,152
Discounted cash
flow
Loss severity
15.72% to 0.12% (4.50%)
Appraised value
Constant prepayment
rate (CPR)
$8 to $1,548 ($736)
9.44% to 14.12% (12.25%)
Discount rate
10.00% to 13.50% (11.78%)
Total Assets
$
22,983
(a) Where dollar amounts are disclosed, the amounts represent the lowest and highest fair value of the respective assets in the population
except for adjustments for market/property conditions, which represents the range of adjustments to individual properties.
There were no Level 1 or Level 2 nonrecurring fair value measurements for year-end 2020 and 2019.
Individually evaluated loans. Loans are generally not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Periodically, the
Company records non-recurring adjustments to the carrying value of loans based on fair value measurements for
partial charge-offs of the uncollectible portions of those loans. Non-recurring adjustments can also include certain
impairment amounts for collateral-dependent loans calculated when establishing the allowance for credit losses.
Such amounts are generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral supporting the loan and, as a result,
the carrying value of the loan less the calculated valuation does not necessarily represent the fair value of the
loan. Real estate collateral is typically valued using appraisals or other indications of value based on recent
comparable sales of similar properties or assumptions generally observable in the marketplace. However, the choice
of observable data is subject to significant judgment, and there are often adjustments based on judgment in order to
make observable data comparable and to consider the impact of time, the condition of properties, interest rates, and
other market factors on current values. Additionally, commercial real estate appraisals frequently involve
discounting of projected cash flows, which relies inherently on unobservable data. Therefore, real estate collateral
related nonrecurring fair value measurement adjustments have generally been classified as Level 3. Estimates of fair
value for other collateral that supports commercial loans are generally based on assumptions not observable in the
marketplace and therefore such valuations have been classified as Level 3.
Capitalized loan servicing rights. A loan servicing right asset represents the amount by which the present value of
the estimated future net cash flows to be received from servicing loans exceed adequate compensation for
performing the servicing. The fair value of servicing rights is estimated using a present value cash flow model. The
most important assumptions used in the valuation model are the anticipated rate of the loan prepayments and
discount rates. Adjustments are only recorded when the discounted cash flows derived from the valuation model are
less than the carrying value of the asset. Although some assumptions in determining fair value are based on
standards used by market participants, some are based on unobservable inputs and therefore are classified in Level 3
of the valuation hierarchy.
F-99
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Summary of Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments
The following tables summarize the estimated fair values, which represent exit price, and related carrying amounts,
of the Company’s financial instruments. Certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments are
excluded from disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented herein may not
necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company. Certain assets and liabilities in the following
disclosures include balances classified as discontinued operations. See Note 2 - Discontinued Operations for more
information on assets and liabilities classified as discontinued operations.
(In thousands)
Financial Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Trading security
Marketable equity securities
Securities available for sale
Securities held to maturity
FHLB stock and restricted equity securities
Net loans
Loans held for sale
Accrued interest receivable
Derivative assets
Assets held for sale
Financial Liabilities
Total deposits
Short-term debt
Long-term FHLB advances
Subordinated notes
Derivative liabilities
Liabilities held for sale
(In thousands)
Financial Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Trading security
Marketable equity securities
Securities available for sale
Securities held to maturity
FHLB stock and restricted equity securities
Net loans
Loans held for sale (1)
Accrued interest receivable
Derivative assets (1)
Financial Liabilities
Total deposits
Short-term debt
Long-term FHLB advances
Subordinated notes
Derivative liabilities (1)
December 31, 2020
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
$ 1,557,875 $ 1,557,875 $ 1,557,875 $
9,708
18,513
1,695,232
491,855
N/A
8,243,437
17,748
46,919
160,071
317,304
9,708
18,513
1,695,232
465,091
34,873
7,954,217
17,748
46,919
160,071
317,304
—
17,841
—
—
N/A
—
—
—
—
—
— $
—
672
1,680,232
488,393
N/A
—
12,992
46,919
159,016
16,705
—
9,708
—
15,000
3,462
N/A
8,243,437
4,756
—
1,055
300,599
10,215,808
40,000
434,357
97,280
65,758
630,065
10,230,822
40,025
438,064
95,178
65,758
631,268
—
—
—
—
—
—
10,230,822
40,025
438,064
95,178
65,758
631,268
—
—
—
—
—
—
December 31, 2019
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
$ 579,829 $ 579,829 $ 579,829 $
10,769
41,556
1,311,555
373,277
N/A
9,653,550
169,319
36,462
80,190
10,769
41,556
1,311,555
357,979
48,019
9,438,853
169,319
36,462
80,190
—
40,500
—
—
N/A
—
—
—
—
— $
—
1,056
1,267,573
355,513
N/A
—
140,280
36,462
77,562
—
10,769
—
43,982
17,764
N/A
9,653,550
29,039
—
2,628
10,335,977
125,000
605,501
97,049
80,681
10,338,993
125,081
606,381
101,055
80,681
—
—
—
—
227
10,338,993
125,081
606,381
101,055
80,454
—
—
—
—
—
(1) Includes assets and liabilities classified as discontinued operations.
F-100
Table of Contents
NOTE 21.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF PARENT COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Condensed financial information pertaining only to the Parent, Berkshire Hills Bancorp, is as follows.
(In thousands)
Assets
Cash due from Berkshire Bank
Investment in subsidiaries
Marketable equity securities, at fair value
Other assets
Total assets
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Subordinated notes
Accrued expenses
Shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
2020
2019
$
83,510 $
74,153
1,777,717
4,840
438
$ 1,286,611 $ 1,857,148
1,202,755
158
188
$
97,280 $
1,558
1,187,773
97,049
1,535
1,758,564
$ 1,286,611 $ 1,857,148
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands)
Income:
Dividends from subsidiaries
Other
Total income
Interest expense
Non-interest expenses
Total expense
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed income of
subsidiaries
Income tax (benefit)
Income before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries
Equity in undistributed results of operations of subsidiaries
Net (loss)/income
Preferred stock dividend
(Loss)/income available to common shareholders
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
$
46,300 $
(2,185)
44,115
5,335
2,866
8,201
35,914
(2,719)
38,633
(571,650)
(533,017)
313
(533,330) $
$
104,700 $
1,258
105,958
5,335
4,129
9,464
96,494
(2,054)
98,548
(1,098)
97,450
960
96,490 $
48,500
506
49,006
5,335
3,034
8,369
40,637
(1,068)
41,705
64,060
105,765
918
104,847
Comprehensive (loss)/income
$
(514,139) $
122,912 $
88,133
F-101
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss)/income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used) provided by
operating activities:
Equity in undistributed results of operations of subsidiaries
Other, net
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Advances to subsidiaries
Purchase of securities
Sale of securities
Other, net
Net cash provided/(used) by investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceed from issuance of short term debt
Proceed from repayment of long term debt
Net proceeds from common stock
Payment to repurchase common stock
Common stock cash dividends paid
Preferred stock cash dividends paid
Other, net
Net cash (used) in financing activities
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
$
(533,017) $
97,450 $
105,765
571,650
2,603
41,236
1,098
(64,060)
(4,457)
94,091
20,916
62,621
—
(489)
4,658
—
4,169
231
—
—
(473)
(36,251)
(313)
758
—
—
6,989
987
7,976
431
—
—
(52,746)
(44,147)
(960)
188
(85,000)
(128)
13,550
—
(71,578)
178
35,000
325
—
(39,966)
(918)
278
(36,048)
(97,234)
(5,103)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
9,357
4,833
(14,060)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
74,153
69,320
83,380
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
$
83,510 $
74,153 $
69,320
F-102
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 22.
QUARTERLY DATA (UNAUDITED)
Quarterly results of operations were as follows:
2020
2019
(In thousands, except per share data)
Fourth
Quarter
Third
Quarter
Second
Quarter
First
Quarter
Fourth
Quarter
Third
Quarter
Second
Quarter
First
Quarter
Interest and dividend income
$ 92,131 $ 97,768 $ 103,688 $ 116,195 $ 125,441 $ 133,725 $ 129,238 $ 121,109
Interest expense
Net interest income
Non-interest income
Total revenue
16,422
20,713
26,098
29,767
34,108
36,854
37,643
35,650
75,709
77,055
77,590
86,428
91,333
96,871
91,595
85,459
23,327
19,963
17,381
5,636
23,362
21,406
17,512
21,722
99,036
97,018
94,971
92,064
114,695
118,277
109,107
107,181
Provision for loan losses
10,000
1,200
29,871
34,807
5,351
22,600
3,467
4,001
Non-interest expense
71,796
72,843
624,275
71,325
70,287
71,011
76,568
71,991
Income/(loss) from continuing
operations before income taxes
17,240
22,975
(559,175)
(14,068)
39,057
24,666
29,072
31,189
Income tax (benefit)/expense
(1,659)
(68)
(16,130)
(1,996)
6,421
4,007
5,118
6,917
Net income/(loss) from continuing
operations
(Loss)/income from discontinued
operations, net of tax
18,899
23,043
(543,045)
(12,072)
32,636
20,659
23,954
24,272
(3,890)
(1,818)
(6,336)
(7,798)
(6,885)
1,957
1,494
(637)
Net income/(loss)
$ 15,009 $ 21,225 $ (549,381) $ (19,870) $ 25,751 $ 22,616 $ 25,448 $ 23,635
Basic earnings/(loss) per share:
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
Basic earnings/(loss) per common
share
Diluted earnings/(loss) per share:
Continuing operations
Discontinued operations
$
0.38 $
0.46 $
(10.80) $
(0.24) $
0.65 $
0.40 $
0.49 $
0.52
(0.08)
(0.04)
(0.13)
(0.16)
(0.14)
0.04
0.03
(0.01)
$
0.30 $
0.42 $
(10.93) $
(0.40) $
0.51 $
0.44 $
0.52 $
0.51
$
0.38 $
0.46 $
(10.80) $
(0.24) $
0.65 $
0.40 $
0.49 $
0.52
(0.08)
(0.04)
(0.13)
(0.16)
(0.14)
0.04
0.03
(0.01)
Diluted earnings/(loss) per share
$
0.30 $
0.42 $
(10.93) $
(0.40) $
0.51 $
0.44 $
0.52 $
0.51
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic
Diluted
50,308
50,329
50,246
50,204
50,494
51,422
48,961
46,113
50,355
50,329
50,246
50,204
50,702
51,545
49,114
46,261
F-103
Table of Contents
NOTE 23.
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Presented below is net interest income after provision for credit losses for the three years ended 2020, 2019, and
2018, respectively:
(In thousands)
Net interest income
Provision for credit losses
Net interest income after provision for credit losses
Total non-interest income
Total non-interest expense
(Loss)/income from continuing operations before income taxes
Income tax (benefit)/expense
Net (loss)/income from continuing operations
(Loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes
Income tax (benefit)
Net (loss) from discontinued operations
Net (loss)/income
Years Ended December 31,
2020
316,782 $
2019
365,258 $
2018
356,200
$
75,878
240,904
66,307
840,239
(533,028)
(19,853)
(513,175)
(26,855)
(7,013)
(19,842)
(533,017) $
35,419
329,839
84,002
289,857
123,984
22,463
101,521
(5,539)
(1,468)
(4,071)
97,450 $
25,451
330,749
74,324
266,893
138,180
28,961
109,219
(4,767)
(1,313)
(3,454)
105,765
$
F-104
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 24.
REVENUE
Revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of Topic 606 is recognized within noninterest income. The
Company does not have any material significant payment terms as payment is received at or shortly after the
satisfaction of the performance obligation. The value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an
original expected length of one year or less are not disclosed. The Company recognizes incremental costs of
obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred for contracts with a term of one year or less.
Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and
securities. In addition, certain non-interest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights,
financial guarantees, derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of Topic 606. Topic 606 is
applicable to non-interest revenue streams such as wealth management fees, insurance commissions and fees,
administrative services for customer deposit accounts, interchange fees, and sale of owned real estate properties.
The following presents non-interest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606,
for the years ended 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.
(In thousands)
Non-interest income
In-scope of Topic 606:
Service charges on deposit accounts
Insurance commissions and fees
Wealth management fees
Interchange income
Non-interest income (in-scope of Topic 606)
Non-interest income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)
Total non-interest income from continuing operations
Non-interest income streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below.
Years Ended December 31,
2020
2019
2018
$
19,239 $
23,122 $
21,046
10,770
9,285
7,559
10,957
9,353
6,266
10,983
9,447
7,177
$
46,853 $
49,698 $
48,653
19,454
34,304
25,671
$
66,307 $
84,002 $
74,324
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts. Service charges on deposit accounts consist of monthly service fees (i.e.
business analysis fees and consumer service charges) and other deposit account related fees. The Company's
performance obligation for monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the
period in which the service is provided. Other deposit account related fees are largely transactional based, and
therefore, the Company's performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time.
Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month
through a direct charge to customers’ accounts. The Company may, from time to time, waive certain fees (e.g., NSF
fee) for customers but generally do not reduce the transaction price to reflect variability for future reversals due to
the insignificance of the amounts. Waiver of fees reduces the revenue in the period the waiver is granted to the
customer.
Insurance Commissions and Fees. Commission revenue is recognized as of the effective date of the insurance
policy or the date the customer is billed, whichever is later, net of return commissions related to policy
cancellations. Policy cancellation is a variable consideration that is not deemed significant and thus, does not impact
the amount of revenue recognized.
In addition, the Company may receive additional performance commissions based on achieving certain sales and
loss experience measures. Such commissions are recognized when determinable, which is generally when such
commissions are received or when the Company receives data from the insurance companies that allows the
reasonable estimation of these amounts.
F-105
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Wealth Management Fees. Wealth management fees are primarily comprised of fees earned from consultative
investment management, trust administration, tax return preparation, and financial planning. The Company’s
performance obligation is generally satisfied over time and the resulting fees are recognized monthly, based on the
daily accrual of the market value of the investment accounts and the applicable fee rate.
Interchange Fees. Interchange fees are transaction fees paid to the card-issuing bank to cover handling costs, fraud
and bad debt costs, and the risk involved in approving the payment. Due to the day-to-day nature of these fees they
are settled on a daily basis and are accounted for as they are received.
Gains/Losses on Sales of OREO. The sale of OREO and other nonfinancial assets are accounted for with the
derecognition of the asset in question once a contract exists and control of the asset has been transferred to the
buyer. The gain or loss on the sale is calculated as the difference between the carrying value of the asset and the
transaction price.
F-106
Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.
Subsidiaries
Exhibit 21
Name
Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.
Berkshire Bank
Beacon Comprehensive Services Corp.
RSB Properties, Inc.
CSB Service Corp.
Legacy Insurance Services of the Berkshires, LLC
North Street Securities Corporation
Woodland Securities, Inc.
Hampden Investment Corporation II
Firestone Financial, LLC
First Choice Loan Services Inc.
Old Spot Properties, LLC
FCB New Jersey Investment Company
Novus Asset Management Inc.
Metro Commerce Real Estate
Berkshire Mortgage Servicing Company
SI Realty Company, Inc.
Berkshire Insurance Group, Inc.
Berkshire Hills Capital Trust I
SI Capital Trust II
State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or
Organization
Delaware
Massachusetts
New York
New York
Massachusetts
Delaware
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
Massachusetts
New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey
Delaware
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Connecticut
Massachusetts
Delaware
Delaware
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statements on Forms S-8 (333-234061, 333-233957,
and 333-191422) and Form S-3 333-237303 of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. of our report dated March 1, 2021,
relating to the financial statements and effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Exhibit 23.1
/s/ Crowe LLP
New York, New York
March 1, 2021
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Nitin J. Mhatre, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.;
Exhibit 31.1
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the
periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in
which this annual report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting
to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred
during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual
report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control
over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or
persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weakness in the design or operation of internal control over financial
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize
and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role
in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: March 1, 2021
/s/ Nitin J. Mhatre
Nitin J. Mhatre
President and Chief Executive Officer
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, James M. Moses, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.;
Exhibit 31.2
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the
periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period
in which this annual report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial
reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred
during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual
report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal
control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or
persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weakness in the design or operation of internal control over financial
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process,
summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role
in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: March 1, 2021
/s/ James M. Moses
James M. Moses
Senior Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 32.1
In connection with the Annual Report of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Nitin J. Mhatre, President
and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as added by Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934; and
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results
of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report.
March 1, 2021
/s/ Nitin J. Mhatre
Nitin J. Mhatre
President and Chief Executive Officer
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Exhibit 32.2
In connection with the Annual Report of Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, James M. Moses, Senior
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as added by
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934; and
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results
of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report.
March 1, 2021
/s/ James M. Moses
James M. Moses
Senior Executive Vice President
Chief Financial Officer