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Boyd Group Services

byd · TSX Consumer Cyclical
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Employees 10,000+
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FY2018 Annual Report · Boyd Group Services
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BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 

2018 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 

2018 Annual Report 

Table of Contents 

Report to Unitholders……..…………………………………………….……..….       

       3 

Chairman’s Message………………..………………………………….……..….       

       5 

Management’s Discussion & Analysis……………………………..…………    

Certification of Annual Filings …………..……………………………..………… 

Consolidated Financial Statements 

Management’s Responsibility for Financial Reporting…………...…… 

Independent Auditor’s Report………………………………………….… 

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position………………………... 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity….………...…………. 

Consolidated Statements of Earnings……….…………………………. 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings………....……. 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows…………………………….… 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements………..……………….... 

Board of Trustees…………………………………………………………………. 

Corporate Directory……………………………………………………….………. 

Unitholder Information…………………………………………………………….. 

  6-43 

44-47 

     49 

50-52 

     53 

     54 

     55 

     55 

     56 

57-90 

91-92 

     93 

     94 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 

2018 REPORT TO UNITHOLDERS 

To our Unitholders, 

In 2018, the Fund was able to achieve record revenue of $1.9 billion and Adjusted EBITDA1 of $173.4 million.  In addition, 
growth during this year and over the past three years remains on track to reach our long-term goal of doubling the size of the 
business based on revenues on a constant currency basis during the five-year period ending in 2020.  The Fund once again 
successfully delivered meaningful increases in revenue, Adjusted EBITDA1 and Adjusted net earnings1.   

As  the  industry  continues  to  evolve  and  the  shortage  of  technicians  continues,  we  are  investing  in  our  business  and  our 
people.  During 2018, we completed our investment and training for company-wide diagnostic repair scanning technology, 
which allows us to ensure that all damage is identified and enables us to complete high quality repairs.  We also rolled out 
an  enhanced  benefit  program  for  our  U.S.  employees,  funded  by  a  portion  of  the  tax  savings  from  U.S.  tax  reform.    In 
addition, we continue to invest  in  the  technology,  equipment  and  training programs for our employees to  ensure they are 
equipped for continued operational execution. 

During 2018, we added 81 locations, including eight intake centers, and entered into the states of Alabama, Missouri, Texas 
and Wisconsin.  Subsequent to year-end, we entered into the states of New York and South Carolina.  This new location 
growth,  including  entry  into  new  markets,  is  in  line  with  our  strategy  of  doubling  the  size of  our  business  by  2020.  Our 
corporate development team continues to have a healthy pipeline of targets and we remain confident that we will achieve 
our long-term growth goal. 

Total sales in 2018 were $1.9 billion, an 18.8% increase over the $1.6 billion achieved in 2017. The increase in sales was 
largely the result of contributions from new locations, along with same-store sales growth of 4.8%.  After adjusting for one 
additional selling/production day, same-store sales increased 4.4% on a per day basis.   

Adjusted  EBITDA1  grew  to  $173.4  million,  or  9.3%  of  sales,  compared  with  $145.6  million,  or  9.3%  of  sales  in  2017.  
Contributions  from  new  locations  and  same-store  sales  growth  contributed  to  the  19.1%  increase.    Boyd’s  investment  in 
enhanced benefit programs continues to have a near-term impact on EBITDA margins. 

Boyd had net earnings of $77.6 million in 2018, compared to $58.4 million in 2017. Impacting net earnings were fair value 
adjustments to financial instruments as a result of unit price increases during the year as well as acquisition and transaction 
costs (net of tax). In 2017, these same adjustments occurred, along with an adjustment for the accelerated amortization of 
the discount on convertible debt (net of tax) and an adjustment related to income tax expense as a result of U.S. tax reform. 
After  adjusting  for  these  items,  Adjusted  net  earnings1  for  2018  was  $85.6  million  or  4.6%  of  sales.  This  compares  to 
adjusted net earnings1 of $58.8 million or 3.7% of sales in 2017. This translated to adjusted net earnings1 of $4.35 per unit, 
compared  to  $3.18  in  2017.    Lower  taxes  due  to  the  U.S.  tax  rate  decrease  from  approximately  39%  to  26%  and  lower 
finance costs due to the redemption of convertible debentures in 2017 were major factors in higher earnings.   

In 2018, we generated adjusted distributable cash1 of $154.8 million and paid distributions and dividends of $10.5 million, 
resulting in a payout ratio based on adjusted distributable cash1 of 6.8%. This compares with adjusted distributable cash1 of 

1  EBITDA,  Adjusted  EBITDA,  distributable  cash,  adjusted  distributable  cash,  adjusted  net  earnings  and  adjusted  net  earnings  per  unit  are  not 
recognized  measures  under  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”).  Management  believes  that  in  addition  to  revenue,  net  earnings 
and  cash  flows,  the  supplemental  measures  of  distributable  cash,  adjusted  distributable  cash,  adjusted  net  earnings, adjusted net earnings per unit,  
EBITDA  and  Adjusted  EBITDA  are  useful  as  they  provide  investors  with  an 
indication  of  earnings  from  operations  and  cash  available  for 
distribution,  both  before  and  after  debt  management,  productive  capacity  maintenance  and  non-recurring  and other  adjustments.  Investors  should be 
cautioned, however, that EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, distributable cash, adjusted distributable  cash, adjusted net earnings and adjusted net earnings 
per  unit  should  not  be  construed  as  an  alternative  to  net  earnings  determined  in  accordance  with  IFRS  as  an  indicator  of  the  Fund's  performance. 
Boyd's  method  of  calculating  these  measures  may  differ  from  other  public  issuers  and,  accordingly,  may  not  be  comparable  to  similar  measures 
used by other issuers. For a detailed explanation of how the Fund’s non-GAAP measures are calculated, please refer to the Fund’s MD&A filing  for the 
period ended December 31, 2018, which can be accessed via the SEDAR Web site (www.sedar.com). 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
 
 
$94.5  million  and  distributions  and  dividends  paid  of  $9.6  million,  resulting  in  a  payout  ratio  of  10.2%  a  year  ago.  
Maintaining a conservative payout ratio continues to be a priority to ensure that we have the resources to take advantage of 
the significant consolidation opportunities in our industry. Nothwithstanding our conservative distribution and payout ratio 
strategy, we again increased distributions in November 2018, our 11th consecutive year of distribution increases. Unitholders 
now  receive  an  annualized  payment  of  $0.54, a  2.3%  increase over  the  annualized  distribution  set  in  November  2017  of 
$0.528.   

With respect to the balance sheet at December 31, 2018, the Fund held total debt, net of cash, of $232.1 million, compared 
to  $219.1  million  at  December  31,  2017.  Cash  flow  from  operations,  before  considering  working  capital  changes,  was 
$146.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared with $116.6 million for 2017. The increase reflects higher 
Adjusted EBITDA. Management believes that the Fund’s capital resources are sufficient to meet growth, working capital, 
capital expenditure and distribution requirements.    

We remain confident in our ability to achieve our long-term goal of doubling our business by 2020, compared to 2015 on a 
constant currency basis.  We are well-positioned to take advantage of the industry trends of consolidation and have ample 
“dry  powder”  with  over  $300  million  in  cash  and  availability  in  our  credit  facility  to  act  on  opportunities.    As  well,  the 
WOW Operating Way continues to be an important and successful component of our operating model that represents our 
key to continuous improvement and sustainable operating performance. 

On  behalf  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Boyd  Group  Income  Fund  and  Boyd  Group  employees,  thank  you  for  your  continued 
support. 

Sincerely, 

(signed) 

Brock Bulbuck 
Chief Executive Officer 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 

2018 CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE 

To our Unitholders, 

The  Fund  continues  to  focus  on  value  creation  for  unitholders  through  a  commitment  to  innovation  and  continuous 
improvement,  customer  service  and  respect  for  customers  and  employees  alike.  These  focus  areas  remain  critical  to 
continued success for the Fund, especially as it faces rapid change in vehicle technologies.  The Board remains confident in 
Management’s ability to face these challenges and continue to execute the long-term growth strategy, including doubling the 
size of the business by 2020.  The Fund’s track record is strong, as demonstrated by the fact the Fund has now achieved the 
best or second best 10-year performance on the TSX for the fourth year in a row. 

The  Board of  Trustees  is  committed  to  effective  oversight  of  the  Fund  in  the  context  of  a  changing  world.    To  this  end, 
during the past year the Board has worked to develop and formalize a number of additional good governance practices.  For 
example,  the  Board  of  Trustees  developed  and  approved  a  Board  Composition,  Diversity  and  Renewal  Policy,  which 
recognizes the many benefits of having a diverse board with fresh perspectives.  This policy will only enhance the focus the 
Board of Trustees has had on building a board with diverse experiences and backgrounds over the last several years.   

The  Board  also  continues  to  support  management  progress  in  the  evolving  area  of  environmental,  social  and  governance 
reporting and monitoring.  This resulted in a number of governance and social policies being made publicly available during 
2018  on  the  Fund’s  website.    It  also  has  resulted  in  more  robust  internal  reporting  on  various  metrics  in  the  areas  of 
environmental and social matters.       

The Board of Trustees, through  the Compensation Committee, has advanced compensation practices for executives of the 
Fund, to increase alignment between unitholders and management.  Compensation practices are now further aligned with the 
strategic objectives of the Fund through adoption of short-term and long-term incentive plans, which are linked to specific 
performance targets for the Fund.  In addition, the Fund’s compensation programs now include elements such as share-based 
bonuses,  cliff  vesting  and  clawback  provisions  in  order  to  keep  pace  with  compensation  best  practices.  For  greater 
accountability  in  the  area  of  compensation,  the  Fund’s  unitholders  will  this  year  be  asked  to  vote  on  an  advisory  basis, 
whether they support the compensation practices as outlined in the Fund’s information circular. 

On behalf of the Trustees of the Boyd Group Income Fund, I would like to thank the management team and all employees 
for  their  continued  commitment  and  hard  work,  and  to  our  stakeholders  for  their  continued  support.  We  look  forward  to 
another good year in 2019. 

Sincerely, 

(signed)  

Allan Davis 
Chairman 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

OVERVIEW 

Boyd Group Income Fund (the “Fund”), through its operating company, The Boyd Group Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Boyd” 
or the “Company”), is one of the largest operators of non-franchised collision repair centers in North America in terms of 
number of locations and sales. The Company currently operates locations in five Canadian provinces under the trade name 
Boyd  Autobody  & Glass  and  Assured  Automotive,  as  well  as  in 27 U.S.  states  under  the trade  name  Gerber Collision  & 
Glass.    The  Company  uses  newly  acquired  brand  names  during  a  transition  period  until  acquired  locations  have  been 
rebranded.  The Company is also a major retail auto glass operator in the U.S. with locations across 34 U.S. states under the 
trade names Gerber Collision & Glass, Glass America, Auto Glass Service, Auto Glass Authority and Autoglassonly.com. 
The  Company  also  operates  a  third  party  administrator,  Gerber  National  Claims  Services  (“GNCS”),  that  offers  glass, 
emergency roadside and first notice of loss services. GNCS has approximately 5,500 affiliated glass provider locations and 
4,600 affiliated emergency roadside services providers throughout the U.S.  The following is a geographic breakdown of the 
collision repair locations, including intake centers, and trade names. 

48
locations

Alberta

Manitoba 

British Columbia

Saskatchewan

15

15

14

4

81
locations

Ontario

81

482
   locations

Maryland

Oregon

T ennessee

Pennsylvania

Missouri

Oklahoma

Utah

Nevada

Alabama

Idaho

Kansas

Kentucky

South Carolina

10

10

9

7

5

5

5

4

2

1

1

1

1

Florida

Illinois

Michigan

North Carolina

Georgia

Ohio

Washington

Indiana

Arizona

Colorado

New York

Wisconsin

Louisiana

T exas

62

61

58

29

28

28

28

27

22

19

18

17

12

12

 The ab o ve numb ers  includ e 3 5 int ake lo catio ns

The ab o ve numb ers  includ e 11 intake lo cat io ns
Two  fleet  lo cat io ns  p revio us ly o mitt ed  f ro m the ab o ve t o tals  have no w b een 
includ ed .  Thes e are co -lo cat ed  wit h co llis io n rep air cent ers .

Boyd  provides  collision  repair  services  to  insurance  companies,  individual  vehicle  owners,  as  well  as  fleet  and  lease 
customers, with a high percentage of the Company’s revenue being derived from insurance-paid collision repair services.  In 
Canada,  government-owned  insurers  operating  in  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  and  British  Columbia  dominate  the  insurance-
paid  collision  repair  markets  in  which  they  operate.    In  the  U.S.  and  Canadian  markets  other  than  Manitoba  and 
Saskatchewan, private insurance carriers compete for consumer policyholders, and in many cases significantly influence the 
choice of collision repairer through Direct Repair Programs (“DRP’s”). 

The Fund’s units trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol TSX: BYD.UN.   

The following review of the Fund’s operating and financial results for the year ended December 31, 2018, including material 
transactions  and  events  up  to  and  including  March  20,  2019,  as  well  as  management’s  expectations  for  the  year  ahead, 
should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements of Boyd Group Income Fund for the 
year ended December 31, 2018, included on pages 48 to 91 of this report, and as filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
SIGNIFICANT EVENTS 

On January 2, 2018, the  Fund  completed the settlement  of  the unit  options  issued  on  January 2,  2008.  As a  result of the 
settlement,  150,000  units  were  issued  at  an  exercise  price  of  $2.70.    The  fair  value  of  the  unit  options  at  settlement  was 
$14.7 million. 

On  September  15,  2018,  certain  key  executives  provided  irrevocable  notice  that  the  unit  options  issued  to  executives  on 
January  2,  2009  would  be  exercised,  which  resulted  in  the  issuance  of  150,000  units  at  an  exercise  price  of  $3.14  on 
November 26, 2018.  The fair value of the unit options at settlement was $15.4 million. 

On January 31, 2019, the call option transaction to acquire the 30% non-controlling interest in Glass America LLC held by 
GAJV  Holdings  Inc.  was  completed,  and  Gerber  Glass  LLC  acquired  the  30%  non-controlling  interest  in  Glass  America 
LLC. 

The Fund added 115 new collision locations since January 1, 2018 as follows: 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Location
Lawrenceville, GA
Collier County, FL (2 locations)
Sudbury, ON (4 locations)
Falcon, CO

Date
January 12, 2018
January 19, 2018
January 31, 2018
February 20, 2018
February 23, 2018 Dallas, TX (3 locations)
Seattle, WA (3 locations)
April 17, 2018
Schaumburg, IL
May 1, 2018
Merrillville, IN
May 8, 2018
Alexandria, LA
May 18, 2018
Atlanta, GA (2 locations)
May 25, 2018
Bradford, ON
May 28, 2018
Orland Park, IL
June 1, 2018
Chicago, IL
June 8, 2018
Elk Grove Village, IL
June 27, 2018
Aurora, ON
July 3, 2018
Brunswick, OH
July 6, 2018
Nanaimo, BC
July 9, 2018
Elkhart, IN
July 10, 2018
Bessemer & Birmingham, AL
August 3, 2018
Kenosha, WI
August 3, 2018
September 21, 2018 Dundas, ON
September 27, 2018 Lafayette, LA
Kennewick, WA
October 10, 2018
Springfield, IL
October 10, 2018
Jacksonville, FL
October 10, 2018
Saskatoon, SK (2 locations)
October 12, 2018
Turtle Creek, PA
October 15, 2018
Brownsburg & Greenwood, IN
October 15, 2018
November 1, 2018 Kansas City, MO (5 locations)
November 1, 2018 Verona, PA
November 5, 2018 LaGrange, GA
November 14, 2018 Palatka, FL
November 30, 2018 West Hawksbury, ON 
November 30, 2018

Wisconsin & Northern Illinois 
   (18 locations including 2 intake centers)

Previously operated as
n/a start-up
Autocraft Enterprises and Autocraft Naples
Regent Autobody
Falcon Collision Center
Earth Collision Center
Professional Collision Group
n/a intake center
n/a intake center
Kyle's Collision Center
Cherokee Collision Center
Chico's Collision 
n/a intake center
Brown's Auto Construction
Owner's Choice Collision
GaryRay Collision
Shade's Auto Body
Stone Bros. Auto Body and Auto Wrecking
Duncan RV Repair
C&M Collision Center
Jay-Bee Collision Repair Center
Terry's Autobody
n/a start-up
SonShine Collision Services
Dick Taylor Collision Services
n/a intake center
Nutana Collision
Johnny Mock's Auto Body Shop
Golden Chassis
A&B Body Shop, Inc.
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
n/a intake center
Marchildon Autobody
Gates Collision Centers

n/a start-up
December 1, 2018 Winnipeg, MB
n/a intake center
December 3, 2018 McDonough, GA
December 11, 2018 Albany, OR
Pacific Auto Body & Paint
December 14, 2018 Central & Western Regions, TX (9 locations) Paceline Collision Centers
December 19, 2018 Jacksonville, NC
December 28, 2018 Lake Havasu City, AZ
January 1, 2019
January 9, 2019
January 11, 2019
February 28, 2019 New York (18 locations)
Michigan (11 locations)
March 8, 2019
Guelph, ON
March 15, 2019
Richland, WA
March 18, 2019

Stevenson Toyota Collision
n/a start-up
n/a intake center
Bob Johnson's Body Shop
Lake Pleasant Collision Center
Carubba Collision
Dusty's, Whitney's and Wright Brothers Collision
Majestic Collision
Atomic Auto Body and Detail

Union City, GA
Cayce, SC
Peoria, AZ

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OUTLOOK 

Boyd continues to execute  on  its  growth strategy. During 2018,  the Company  added 81 locations,  while at  the  same time 
achieving organic growth through same-store sales increases of 4.8%.     

Looking forward, the Company will continue to pursue accretive growth through a combination of organic growth (same-
store  sales  growth)  as  well  as  acquisitions  and  new  store  development.  Acquisitions  will  include  both  single  location 
acquisitions as well as multi-location acquisitions. Combined, this strategy is expected to double the size of the business and 
revenues (on a constant currency basis) during the five-year period ending in 2020, implying an average annual growth rate 
of 15%. With prudent financial management and its strong balance sheet, Boyd is also well-positioned to take advantage of 
large acquisition opportunities, should they arise, which could accelerate the time frame to double its size. It is expected that 
this  growth  can  be  achieved  while  continuing  to  be  disciplined  and  selective  in  the  identification  and  assessment  of  all 
acquisition opportunities. 

As performance based DRP programs with insurance companies continue to develop and evolve, it is becoming increasingly 
important  that  top  performing  collision  repairers,  including  Boyd,  continue  to  drive  towards  higher  levels  of  operating 
performance as measured primarily by customer satisfaction ratings, repair cycle times and average cost of repair.  To this 
end, Boyd will continue to make investments to enhance its processes and operational performance. 

The enhanced benefit program, which was funded by a portion of the tax savings realized from U.S. Tax Reform, along with 
other people initiatives put in place are having some impact.  Ongoing investments in technology, equipment and training 
are contributing to continued operational execution. However, technician shortage remains a constraint. 

With respect to the  trade  dispute  which began in 2018, based on currently available  information  and  tariffs announced to 
date, there should be minimal impact, if any, on Boyd’s business, although this remains subject to change depending on the 
outcome of further global tariff discussions. 

On January 1, 2019, Boyd will adopt IFRS 16, Leases, which will bring  most  leases  onto the statement of financial position 
through  recognition  of right-of-use  assets  and lease liabilities. The adoption of this standard will have a significant impact 
on  Boyd’s  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position,  as  well  as  a  decrease  in  operating  expenses  and  an  increase  in 
depreciation expense and finance costs as a result of the depreciation of the right-of-use assets and accretion expenses on the 
lease liability.  The implementation of this standard will not have any impact on net cash flows. 

Management remains confident in its business  model and its ability to increase market share by expanding its presence in 
North America through strategic acquisitions alongside organic growth from Boyd’s existing operations.  Accretive growth 
remains  the  Company’s  focus  whether  it  is  through  organic  growth  or  acquisitions.    The  North  American  collision  repair 
industry remains  highly  fragmented and offers attractive  opportunities  for industry leaders  to build value  through focused 
consolidation and economies of scale.  As a growth company, Boyd’s objective continues to be to maintain a conservative 
distribution  policy  that  will  provide  the  financial  flexibility  necessary  to  support  growth  initiatives  while  gradually 
increasing distributions over time.  The Company remains confident in its management team, systems and experience.  This, 
along with a strong statement of financial position and financing options, positions Boyd well for success into the future. 

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT & STRATEGY  

The collision repair industry in North America is estimated by Boyd to represent approximately $30 to $40 billion U.S. in 
annual  revenue.    The  industry  is  highly  fragmented,  consisting  primarily  of  small  independent  family  owned  businesses 
operating in local markets.  It is estimated that car dealerships have approximately 19% of the total market.  It is believed 
that  multi-unit  collision  repair  operators  with  greater  than  $20  million  in  annual  revenues  (including  multi-unit  car 
dealerships), now have approximately 27% of the total market. In late 2018, two of the four largest multi-location collision 
repairers announced a merger, making the combined entity more than twice the current size of Boyd in terms of revenue. 

Customer relationship dynamics in the Company’s principal markets differ from region to region.  In three of the Canadian 
provinces  where  Boyd  operates,  government-owned  insurance  companies  have,  by  legislation,  either  exclusive  or  semi-
exclusive rights to provide insurance to automobile owners.  Although Boyd’s services in these markets are predominantly 
paid  for  by  government-owned  insurance  companies,  these  insurers  do  not  typically  refer  insured  automobile  owners  to 
specific  collision  repair  centers.    In  these  markets  Boyd  focuses  its  marketing  to  attract  business  from  individual  vehicle 
owners  primarily  through  consumer  based  advertising.    Boyd  manages  relationships  in  the  government-owned  insurance 
markets through active participation in industry associations. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
In Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and in the United States, where private insurers operate, a greater emphasis is placed 
on establishing and maintaining DRP’s and other referral arrangements with insurance, fleet and lease companies.  DRP’s 
are  established  between  insurance  companies  and  collision  repair  shops  to  better  manage  automobile  repair  claims  and 
increase levels of customer satisfaction.  Insurance, fleet and lease companies select collision repair operators to participate 
in their programs based on integrity, convenience and physical appearance of the facility, quality of work, customer service, 
cost of repair, cycle time and other key performance metrics.  There is a continuing trend among major insurers in both the 
public and private insurance markets towards using performance-based criteria for selecting collision repair partners and for 
referring  work  to  them.    Local  and  regional  DRP’s,  and  more  recently  national  and  self-managed  DRP  relationships, 
represent an opportunity  for  Boyd to increase its business.   Insurers  have  also  moved  to  consolidate DRP  repair volumes 
with a fewer number of repair shops.  There is some preference among some insurance carriers to do business with multi-
location collision repairers in order to reduce the number and complexity of contacts necessary to manage their networks of 
collision repair providers and to achieve a higher level of consistent performance.  Boyd continues to develop and strengthen 
its DRP relationships with insurance carriers in both Canada and the United States and believes it is well positioned to take 
advantage of these trends. 

In  addition,  Boyd  has  used  consumer  based  advertising  in  some  of  its  markets  to  complement  and  supplement  its  DRP 
growth strategies.  The Company believes this strategy is effective in increasing its brand awareness and overall sales.  Boyd 
plans to continue this strategy and may expand it into other Canadian and U.S. markets, as it achieves sufficient critical mass 
in these other markets to do so. 

As described further under “Business Risks and Uncertainties”, operating results are expected to be subject to fluctuations 
due  to  a  variety  of  factors  including  changes  in  customer  purchasing  patterns,  pricing  by  insurance  companies,  general 
operating  effectiveness,  automobile  technologies,  availability  of  qualified  employees,  general  and  regional  economic 
downturns,  unemployment  rates  and  weather  conditions.    A  negative  economic  climate  has  the  potential  to  affect  results 
negatively.  The Fund has worked to mitigate this risk by continuing to focus on meeting insurance companies’ performance 
requirements, and in doing so, grow market share.   

Boyd’s primary strategy is to continue to focus on maximizing its opportunities through a commitment to: 

  Use  of  best  practices,  economies  of  scale  and  infrastructure  and  systems  to  enhance  profitability  and  achieve 

operational excellence;  

  Expense management through a focus on cost containment and efficiency improvements;  
  Optimizing returns from existing operations by achieving same-store sales growth; and 
  Growing  the  business  through  single  location  and  multi-location  acquisitions,  along  with  new  location 

development. 

Through these strategies, Boyd expects to generate growth sufficient to double the size of its business (measured against its 
2015 revenue on a constant currency basis) over a five-year period, implying an average annual growth rate of 15%. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BUSINESS STRATEGY 

Operational 
excellence 

Expense  
management 

New location and  
acquisition growth 

Operational Excellence 

Same-store sales  
growth and optimize  
returns from existing 
operations 

Operational excellence has been a key component of Boyd’s past success and has contributed to the Company being viewed 
as an industry leading service provider.  Delivering on our customers’ expectations related to cost of repair, time to repair, 
quality  and  customer  service  are  critical  to  being  successful  and  being  rewarded  with  same-store  sales  growth.    The 
Company’s  commitment  to  operational  excellence  is  embodied  in  its  mission  and  goal,  which  is  condensed  into  a  top  of 
mind cheer for its employees which is ‘Wow every customer, be the best’.  In 2015, Boyd rolled out and implemented its 
Wow  Operating  Way  process  improvement  initiative  which  is  now  in  place  at  all  of  its  locations,  except  newly  acquired 
locations, where it will be implemented as part of acquisition integration.  The Wow Operating Way is a repair planning and 
execution methodology that drives excellence in customer satisfaction, repair cycle times and operational metrics. 

Boyd  also  conducts  extensive  customer  satisfaction  polling  at  all  operating  locations  to  assist  in  keeping  customer 
satisfaction at the forefront of its mandate.  

Boyd will also continue to invest in its infrastructure, process improvement initiatives and IT systems to contribute to high 
quality service to its customers and improved operational performance. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expense Management 

Boyd continues to manage its operating expenses as a percentage of sales.  By working continuously to identify cost savings 
and to achieve same-store sales growth, Boyd will continue to manage this expense ratio.  Operating expenses have a high 
fixed component and therefore same-store sales growth contributes to a lower percentage of operating expenses to sales. 

Same-Store Sales / Optimize Returns 

Increasing  same-store  sales  and  running  shops  at  or  near  capacity  has  a  positive  impact  on  financial  performance.    Boyd 
continues to seek opportunities to help grow same-store sales.     

New Location and Acquisition Growth 

In  line  with  stated  growth  strategies,  Boyd  was  successful  in  opening  81  new  locations  in  2018.  Boyd  will  continue  to 
pursue accretive growth through a combination of organic growth (same-store sales growth) as well as acquisitions and new 
store  development.    Acquisitions  will  include  both  single-location  acquisitions  as  well  as  multi-location  acquisitions.  
Combined, Boyd expects this strategy to generate growth sufficient to double the size of its business (measured against its 
2015 revenue on a constant currency basis) over the five year period from 2015-2020, implying an average annual growth 
rate of 15%.    

CAUTION CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

Statements made in this annual report, other than those concerning historical financial information, may be forward-looking 
and therefore subject to various risks and uncertainties. Some forward-looking statements may be identified by words like 
“may”,  “will”,  “anticipate”,  “estimate”,  “expect”,  “intend”,  or  “continue”  or  the  negative  thereof  or  similar  variations. 
Readers  are  cautioned  not  to  place  undue  reliance  on  such  statements,  as  actual  results  may  differ  materially  from  those 
expressed or implied in such statements.  

The following table outlines forward-looking information included in this MD&A:  

Forward-looking Information 
The stated objective of generating 
growth sufficient to double the size of 
the business over the five-year period 
ending in 2020 

Key Assumptions 
Acquisition opportunities continue to be 
available and are at acceptable and 
accretive prices 

Financing options continue to be 
available at reasonable rates and on 
acceptable terms and conditions 

New and existing customer relationships 
are expected to provide acceptable levels 
of revenue opportunities 

Most Relevant Risk Factors 

Acquisition market conditions change and repair shop owner 
demographic trends change 

Credit and refinancing conditions prevent or restrict the ability 
of the Company to continue growth strategies 

Changes in market conditions and operating environment 

Significant declines in the number of insurance claims 

Integration of new stores is not accomplished as planned 

Anticipated operating results would be 
accretive to overall Company results 

Increased competition which prevents achievement of 
acquisition and revenue goals 

Growth is defined as revenue on a 
constant currency basis  

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
to 

Forward-looking Information  Key Assumptions 
Boyd  remains  confident  in  its  business 
model 
increase  market  share  by 
expanding its presence in North America 
through 
accretive 
acquisitions  alongside  organic  growth 
from Boyd’s existing operations 

strategic 

and 

Continued stability in economic 
conditions and employment rates  

Pricing in the industry remains stable 

The Company’s customer and supplier 
relationships provide it with competitive 
advantages to increase sales over time 

Market share growth will more than 
offset systemic changes in the industry 
and environment 

Anticipated operating results would be 
accretive to overall Company results 

Stated  objective  to  gradually  increase 
distributions over time 

Growing profitability of the Company 
and its subsidiaries 

In  2019,  the  Company  expects  to  make 
capital  expenditures  (excluding 
those 
related to acquisition and development of 
new  locations)  within  the  range  of  1.5% 
to 1.7% of sales 

The continued and increasing ability of 
the Company to generate cash available 
for distribution 

Balance sheet strength and flexibility is 
maintained and the distribution level is 
manageable taking into consideration 
bank covenants, growth requirements 
and maintaining a distribution level that 
is supportable over time 

No change in the Fund’s structure 

The actual cost for these capital 
expenditures agrees with the original 
estimate 

The purchase, delivery and installation of 
the capital items is consistent with the 
estimated timeline 

No other new capital requirements are 
identified or required during the period 

All identified capital requirements are 
required during the period 

Most Relevant Risk Factors 
Economic conditions deteriorate 

Loss of one or more key customers or loss of significant volume 
from any customer 

Decline in the number of insurance claims 

Inability of the Company to pass cost increases to customers 
over time 

Increased competition which may prevent achievement of 
revenue goals 

Changes in market conditions and operating environment 

Changes in weather conditions  
The Fund is dependent upon the operating results of the 
Company and its ability to pay interest and dividends to the 
Fund 

Economic conditions deteriorate 

Changes in weather conditions 

Decline in the number of insurance claims 

Loss of one or more key customers or loss of significant volume 
from any customer 

Changes in government regulation  

Expected actual expenditures could be above or below 1.5% 
to 1.7% of sales 

The timing of the expenditures could occur on a different 
timeline 

The Fund may identify additional capital expenditure needs that 
were not originally anticipated 

The Fund may identify capital expenditure needs that were 
originally anticipated; however, are no longer required or 
required on a different timeline 

We caution that the foregoing table contains what the Fund believes are the material forward-looking statements and is not 
exhaustive.  Therefore when relying on forward-looking statements, investors and others should refer to the “Risk Factors” 
section  of  the  Fund’s  Annual  Information  Form,  the  “Business  Risks  and  Uncertainties”  and  other  sections  of  our 
Management’s  Discussion and Analysis and  our  other periodic filings  with  Canadian  securities regulatory  authorities. All 
forward-looking statements presented herein should be considered in conjunction with such filings.  

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SELECTED ANNUAL INFORMATION 

The following table summarizes selected financial information for the Fund over the prior three years: 

For the years ended December 31,
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except per unit amounts)

Sales

Net earnings 

Adjusted net earnings

Basic earnings per unit
Diluted earnings per unit

Adjusted net earnings per unit

Cash distributions per unit declared:

Trust unit distributions

As at December 31,
(thousands of Canadian dollars)

2018

2017

2016

$     

1,864,613

$        

1,569,448

$        

1,387,119

$           

77,639

$             

58,435

$             

30,365

$           

85,607

$             

58,833

$             

52,646

$             
$             

3.944
3.785

$               
$               

3.160
2.808

$               
$               

1.684
1.420

$             

4.349

$               

3.182

$               

2.920

$             

0.530

$               

0.518

$               

0.506

2018

2017

2016

Total assets

$     

1,233,483

$        

1,011,393

$           

737,496

Total long-term financial liabilities

$        

319,720

$           

329,756

$           

252,531

Acquisitions and new  single location growth had  the  largest impact  on  growing sales  from  2016  to  present.   The primary 
driver  in  sales  growth  in  2016  was  the  addition  of  58  locations  through  a  combination  of  single  locations  and  regional 
chains.  Same-store sales growth in excess of 5% also contributed to higher sales in 2016.  In 2017, sales growth was driven 
primarily by the addition of 105 locations, including 68 locations added as part of the Assured acquisition.  In 2018, sales 
growth was driven primarily by the addition of 81 locations, as well as same-store sales growth of 4.8%. 

The net earnings reported were impacted by fair value adjustments related to financial instruments that mainly arise as the 
Fund’s  unit price increases.   Excluding these  adjustments,  net earnings  would  have  increased each  year as a  result of the 
increase in sales and gross profit.     

The change in total assets and total long-term financial liabilities was significantly impacted by acquisitions.  In addition to 
these  changes,  fluctuations  in  total  assets  have  primarily  related  to  increases  in  property,  plant  and  equipment,  intangible 
assets  and  goodwill  as  a  result  of  new  location  growth.    Long-term  financial  liabilities  have  primarily  been  impacted  by 
financing  of  acquisitions.    The  recognition  of  exchangeable  Class  A  common  shares,  unit  based  payment  obligations, 
convertible debenture conversion features and the non-controlling interest put options and call liability as financial liabilities 
under  IFRS  has  also  contributed  to  the  growth  in  long-term  financial  liabilities.    The  increase  in  long-term  financial 
liabilities in 2017 was primarily due to draws on the revolving credit facility to finance acquisitions, partially offset by the 
conversion  and  redemption  of  the  2014  Debentures  into  units  in  November  2017.    The  decrease  in  long-term  financial 
liabilities  in 2018  was primarily the  result  of  the settlement  of  unit options  and the  reclassification of  the non-controlling 
interest call liability, partially offset by draws on the revolving credit facility to finance acquisitions. 

Since  the  end  of  2007,  the  Fund  has  increased  monthly  distributions  to  unitholders  and  Boyd  Group  Holdings  Inc.  has 
increased  dividends  to  its  Class  A  shareholders  annually  such  that  as  of  March  20,  2019  the  distribution/dividend  rate  is 
$0.045 per month or $0.540 on an annualized basis. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 

Boyd Group Income Fund (the “Fund”), is an unincorporated, open-ended mutual fund trust.  The Fund owns 100% of the 
Class I common shares and 55% of the subordinated notes issued by a U.S. subsidiary of the Company, The Boyd Group 
(U.S.) Inc. (the “Notes”).  The remaining 45% of the Notes are owned by the Company.  Distributions to unitholders, when 
paid by the Fund, were funded from a combination of interest income earned on the Notes and from dividends on the Class I 
common share investment or as a return of capital on Notes.  There was no return of capital in 2017 and 2018.  The Class I 
common  shares  held  by  the  Fund  currently,  through  March  20,  2019,  represent  90.6%  of  the  total  common  shares  of  the 
Company.   

Boyd  Group  Holdings  Inc.  (“BGHI”)  owns  100%  of  the  Class  II  common  shares  issued  by  the  Company.    The  Class  II 
common  shares  currently,  through  March  20,  2019,  represent  9.4%  of  the  common  shares  of  the  Company.    The  share 
structure of BGHI at March 20, 2019, consists of 100 million Voting shares, 216,041 Class A common shares and 1,846,822 
Class B common shares.  The Fund, through the ownership of 70 million or 70% of the Voting shares, has voting control of 
BGHI.  The remaining 30% is held directly or indirectly by a senior officer of the Fund.  Of the 216,041 Class A common 
shares, 107,329 are also held directly or indirectly by a senior officer of the Fund with the remaining shares being held by 
external  third  parties.    The  Class  B  common  shares  are  all  held  by  Boyd  and  are  issued  only  upon  exchange  of  Class  A 
common  shares  for  units  of  the  Fund.    Although  the  Fund  has  voting  control,  it  did  not  and  continues  not  to  have  any 
significant economic interest in the activities of BGHI.  All dividends received by BGHI from Boyd on the Class II common 
shares are passed on as dividends to Class A and B common shareholders of BGHI.  

The  Fund  also  holds  162,230  Class  IV  non-voting,  redeemable,  retractable  preferred  shares  of  the  Company  issued  as  a 
result of an internal restructuring in 2007, the bought deal public equity offerings completed in 2014, 2013 and 2011, the 
convertible debenture offering completed in 2012, the subsequent conversion and redemption of 2012 Debentures into units, 
the  convertible  debenture  offering  completed  in  2014  and  the  subsequent  conversion  and  redemption  of  2014  Debentures 
into units.   

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Fund,  BGHI  and  their  subsidiaries  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
International Financial  Reporting  Standards and contain the  consolidated  financial  position, results  of  operations and  cash 
flows  of  the  Fund,  BGHI  and  the  Company  and  the  Company’s  subsidiary  companies  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2018.   

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES 

EBITDA AND ADJUSTED EBITDA 

Earnings  before  interest,  taxes,  depreciation  and  amortization  (“EBITDA”)  is  not  a  calculation  defined  in  International 
Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). EBITDA should not be considered an alternative to net earnings in measuring the 
performance  of  the  Fund,  nor  should  it  be  used  as  an  exclusive  measure  of  cash  flow.  The  Fund  reports  EBITDA  and 
Adjusted EBITDA because it is a key measure that management uses to evaluate performance of the business and to reward 
its  employees.  EBITDA  is  also  a  concept  utilized  in  measuring  compliance  with  debt  covenants.  EBITDA  and  Adjusted 
EBITDA  are  measures  commonly  reported  and  widely  used  by  investors  and  lending  institutions  as  an  indicator  of  a 
company’s operating performance and ability to incur and service debt, and as a valuation metric. While EBITDA is used to 
assist in evaluating the operating performance and debt servicing ability of the Fund, investors are cautioned that EBITDA 
and  Adjusted  EBITDA  as  reported  by  the  Fund  may  not  be  comparable  in  all  instances  to  EBITDA  as  reported  by  other 
companies.  

The CPA’s Canadian Performance Reporting Board defined standardized EBITDA to  foster comparability of the measure 
between entities. Standardized EBITDA represents an indication of an entity’s capacity to generate income from operations 
before taking into account management’s financing decisions and costs of consuming tangible and intangible capital assets, 
which  vary  according  to  their  vintage,  technological  age  and  management’s  estimate  of  their  useful  life.  Accordingly, 
standardized  EBITDA  comprises  sales  less  operating  expenses  before  finance  costs,  capital  asset  amortization  and 
impairment charges, and income taxes.  Adjusted EBITDA is calculated to exclude items of an unusual nature that do not 
reflect normal or ongoing operations of the Fund and which should not be considered in a valuation metric or should not be 
included  in  assessment  of  ability  to  service  or  incur  debt.  Included  in  this  category  of  adjustments  are  the  fair  value 
adjustments to exchangeable Class A common shares, the fair value adjustments to unit based payment obligations, the fair 
value adjustments to convertible debenture conversion features and the fair value adjustments to the non-controlling interest 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
put options and call liability.  These items are adjustments that did not have any cash impact on the Fund.  Also included as 
an adjustment to EBITDA are acquisition and transaction costs which do not relate to the current operating performance of 
the  business  units  but  are  typically  costs  incurred  to  expand  operations.    From  time  to  time,  the  Fund  may  make  other 
adjustments to its Adjusted EBITDA for items that are not expected to recur. 

The following is a reconciliation of the Fund’s net earnings to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA: 

ADJUSTED EBITDA 

(thousands of Canadian dollars)

Net earnings 
Add:

For the three months ended 
December 31,

For the years ended      

December 31,

2018

2017

2018

2017

$           

29,904

$             

23,167

$           

77,639

$             

58,435

Finance costs
Income tax expense (recovery)
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Amortization of intangible assets

2,911
6,771
9,274
4,750

2,792
(4,416)
8,426
3,678

10,283
24,635
34,067
17,674

16,505
18,714
28,057
13,608

Standardized EBITDA

$           

53,610

$             

33,647

$        

164,298

$           

135,319

Add:

Fair value adjustments
Acquisition and transaction costs

(8,673)
2,626

7,300
863

4,787
4,298

8,167
2,149

Adjusted EBITDA

$           

47,563

$             

41,810

$        

173,383

$           

145,635

ADJUSTED NET EARNINGS 

In addition to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, the Fund believes that certain users of financial statements are interested in 
understanding net earnings excluding certain fair value adjustments and other unusual or infrequent adjustments.  This can 
assist  these  users  in  comparing  current  results  to  historical  results  that  did  not  include  such  items.    The  following  is  a 
reconciliation of the Fund’s net earnings to adjusted net earnings: 

(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit and per unit 
amounts)

Net earnings 
Add:

Accelerated amortization of discount on 
    convertible debt (net of tax)
 Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities 
     resulting from changes in U.S.
     substantively enacted tax rates
Fair value adjustments (non-taxable)
Acquisition and transaction costs (net of tax)

For the three months ended 
December 31,

For the years ended      

December 31,

2018

2017

2018

2017

$           

29,904

$             

23,167

$           

77,639

$             

58,435

-       

-       

-       

4,491

-       
(8,673)
1,943

(13,571)
7,300
526

-       
4,787
3,181

(13,571)
8,167
1,311

Adjusted net earnings

$           

23,174

$             

17,422

$           

85,607

$             

58,833

Weighted average number of units

19,732,171

19,216,060

19,684,337

18,489,781

Adjusted net earnings per unit

$             

1.174

$               

0.907

$             

4.349

$               

3.182

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
               
                 
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
                 
             
               
               
                 
             
               
              
                 
               
                 
               
                    
               
                 
 
 
 
 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
             
                 
             
              
                 
               
                 
               
                    
               
                 
     
        
     
        
     
Distributions and Distributable Cash  

The Fund and BGHI make monthly distributions, in accordance with their distribution policies, to unitholders of the Fund 
and dividends to Class A common shareholders of BGHI of record on the last day of each month, payable on or about the 
last business day of the following month. The amount of cash distributed by the Fund is equal to the pro rata share of interest 
or principal repayments received on the Notes and distributions received on or in respect of the Class I common shares of 
the  Company  held  by  the  Fund,  after  deducting  expenses  of  the  Fund  and  any  cash  redemptions  of  the  Fund  during  the 
period.  The amount of cash distributed by BGHI is equal to the pro rata share of dividends received on or in respect of the 
Class II common shares of the Company held by BGHI, after deducting expenses of BGHI. All dividends paid or allocated 
to unitholders of the Fund or Class A shareholders of BGHI are considered to be eligible dividends for Canadian income tax 
purposes. 

During 2018, the Fund paid distributions totaling $10.4 million (2017 - $9.5 million) while BGHI paid dividends to Class A 
common shareholders during this same period of $117 thousand (2017 - $118 thousand).  

Distributable cash is a  non-GAAP  measure that  provides  an  indication  of  the Fund’s  ability to sustain  distributions  while 
maintaining productive capacity.  Distributable cash can be compared to cash flow provided by operating activities, which is 
its nearest GAAP measure.  In addition, a comparison can also be made to earnings.   

The Fund’s distribution level  is currently  well below cash  flow provided by operating activities and adjusted distributable 
cash.    Excess  funds  have  been  retained  to  grow  the  business  and  strengthen  the  statement  of  financial  position.    A 
continuation of this trend would permit the Fund to continue to increase distributions over time while maintaining a strong 
statement of financial position and executing its growth strategy.  

Distributions to unitholders and dividends to the BGHI shareholders were declared and paid as follows: 

(thousands of Canadian dollars, except per unit and per share amounts) Distribution per Unit /  Distribution    Dividend 
 amount
Record date

Dividend per Share

Payment date

 amount

January 31, 2018
February 28, 2018
March 31, 2018
April 30, 2018
May 31, 2018
June 30, 2018
July 31, 2018
August 31, 2018
September 30, 2018
October 31, 2018
November 30, 2018
December 31, 2018

February 26, 2018
March 27, 2018
April 26, 2018
May 29, 2018
June 27, 2018
July 27, 2018
August 29, 2018
September 26, 2018
October 29, 2018
November 28, 2018
December 21, 2018
January 29, 2018

$                            

0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0450
0.0450

$                

865
865
866
865
865
866
865
866
866
865
892
892

$            

10
10
9
10
10
9
10
10
9
9
10
10

$                            

0.5300

$           

10,438

$          

116

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
                
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
                
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
                
                              
                  
                
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
 
 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except per unit and per share amounts) Distribution per Unit /  Distribution    Dividend 
 amount
Record date

Dividend per Share

Payment date

 amount

January 31, 2017
February 28, 2017
March 31, 2017
April 30, 2017
May 31, 2017
June 30, 2017
July 31, 2017
August 31, 2017
September 30, 2017
October 31, 2017
November 30, 2017
December 31, 2017

February 24, 2017
March 29, 2017
April 26, 2017
May 29, 2017
June 28, 2017
July 27, 2017
August 29, 2017
September 27, 2017
October 27, 2017
November 28, 2017
December 20, 2017
January 29, 2018

Maintaining Productive Capacity  

$                            

0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0440
0.0440

$                

776
777
777
777
777
777
800
801
801
801
859
859

$            

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

$                            

0.5180

$             

9,582

$          

120

Maintaining  productive  capacity  is  defined  by  Boyd  as  the  maintenance  of  the  Company’s  facilities,  equipment,  signage, 
vehicles, systems, brand names and infrastructure.  Although most of Boyd’s repair facilities are leased, funds are required 
to  ensure  facilities  are  properly  repaired  and  maintained  to  ensure  the  Company’s  physical  appearance  communicates 
Boyd’s standard of professional service and quality.  The Company’s need to maintain its facilities and upgrade or replace 
equipment,  signage,  systems  and  vehicles  forms  part  of  the  annual  cash  requirements  of  the  business.    The  Company 
manages  these  expenditures  by  annually  reviewing  and  determining  its  capital  budget  needs  and  then  authorizing  major 
expenditures throughout the year based upon individual business cases.   

For 2019, the Company expects to make cash capital expenditures (excluding those related to acquisition and development 
of new locations)  within the range of 1.5% and  1.7%  of sales.   Emerging  vehicle technologies  requiring  new, specialized 
repair equipment, as  well as image and property upgrades  will contribute to this higher level of budgeted spend for 2019.  
Lower than expected capital expenditures during 2018 will result in some of these expenditures being incurred in 2019.   

In  many  circumstances,  large  equipment  expenditures  including  automobiles,  shop  equipment  and  computers  can  be 
financed  using  either  operating  or  finance  leases.    Cash  spent  on  maintenance  capital  expenditures  plus  the  repayment  of 
operating and finance leases, including the interest thereon, form part of the distributable cash calculations.  

Non-recurring and Other Adjustments 

Non-recurring and other adjustments may include, but are not limited to, post closure environmental liabilities, restructuring 
costs  and  acquisition  and  transaction  costs.    Management  is  not  currently  aware  of  any  environmental  remediation 
requirements.  Acquisition and transaction costs are added back to distributable cash as they occur. 

Debt Management 

In  addition  to  finance  lease  obligations  arranged  to  finance  growth  and  maintenance  expenditures  on  property  and 
equipment, the Company has historically utilized long-term debt to finance the expansion of its business, usually through the 
acquisition and start-up of collision and glass repair and replacement businesses.  Repayments of this debt do not form part 
of distributable cash calculations.  Boyd’s bank facilities include restrictive covenants, which could limit the Fund’s ability 
to distribute cash.  These  covenants, based upon current  financial results,  would not prevent  the Fund from  paying  future 
distributions at conservative and sustainable levels.  These covenants will continue to be monitored in conjunction with any 
future anticipated distributions. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
                              
                  
              
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
The following is a standardized and adjusted distributable cash calculation for 2018 and 2017:   

Standardized and Adjusted Distributable Cash 

(1) 

(thousands of Canadian dollars, except per unit and 
per share amounts)

December 31,

December 31,

2018

2017

2018

2017

For the three months ended       

For the years ended       

Cash flow from operating activities before
    changes in non-cash working capital items
Changes in non-cash working capital items
Cash flows from operating activities
Less adjustment for:

Sustaining expenditures on plant, software 
    and equipment (2)

Standardized distributable cash

Standardized distributable cash per average unit 
     and Class A common share

$            

44,506
22,581
67,087

$              

38,698
10,375
49,073

$         

146,492
34,023
180,515

$            

116,606
3,066
119,672

(9,344)
57,743

$            

(8,532)
40,541

$              

(26,651)
153,864

$         

(23,549)
96,123

$              

Per average unit and Class A common share
Per diluted unit and Class A common share (5)

$              
$              

2.895
2.852

$                
$                

2.085
2.061

$              
$              

7.730
7.664

$                
$                

5.135
5.075

Standardized distributable cash from above
Add (deduct) adjustments for:

Acquisition and transaction costs (3)
Proceeds on sale of equipment and software
Principal repayments of finance leases (4)
Payment to non-controlling interest (6)

Adjusted distributable cash

Adjusted distributable cash per average unit and 
    Class A common share

$            

57,743

$              

40,541

$         

153,864

$              

96,123

2,626
62

863
387

4,298
565

2,149
750

(928)
-
59,503

$            

(889)
-
40,902

$              

(3,906)
-
154,821

$         

(4,349)
(221)
94,452

$              

Per average unit and Class A common share
Per diluted unit and Class A common share (5)

$              
$              

2.983
2.939

$                
$                

2.104
2.080

$              
$              

7.778
7.712

$                
$                

5.046
4.986

Distributions and dividends paid
     Unitholders
     Class A common shareholders
     Total distributions and dividends paid

Distributions and dividends paid
     Per unit
     Per Class A common share

Payout ratio based on standardized 
    distributable cash

$              

$                

$            

$                

2,623
29
2,652

2,461
30
2,491

10,405
117
10,522

$              

$                

$            

$                

9,500
118
9,618

$              
$              

0.133
0.133

$                
$                

0.130
0.130

$              
$              

0.529
0.529

$                
$                

0.517
0.517

4.6%

4.5%

6.1%

6.1%

6.8%

6.8%

10.0%

10.2%

Payout ratio based on adjusted distributable cash

(1)  As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures section of the MD&A. 

(2) 

(3) 

Includes sustaining expenditures on plant and equipment, information technology hardware and computer software but excludes capital expenditures 
associated with acquisition and development activities including rebranding of acquired locations. In addition to the maintenance capital expenditures 
paid with cash, during 2018 the Company acquired a further $2.8 million (2017 - $2.0 million) in capital assets which were financed through finance 
leases and did not affect cash flows in the current period.   

The Company has added back to distributable cash the costs related to acquisitions. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
              
                
              
                  
              
                
            
              
               
                
             
              
                
                     
                
                  
                      
                     
                    
                     
                  
                   
               
                
                     
                     
                         
                   
                      
                       
                    
                     
 
 
 
   
 
(4)  Repayments  of  these  leases  represent  additional  cash  requirements  to  support  the  productive  capacity  of  the  Company  and  therefore  have  been 

deducted when calculating adjusted distributed cash. 

(5) 

(6) 

Per diluted unit and Class A common share amounts have been calculated in accordance with definitions of dilution and anitdilution contained in IAS 
33, Earnings per Share.  Diluted distributable cash amounts will differ from average distributable cash amounts on a per unit basis if earnings per unit 
calculations show a dilutive impact. 

The transfer of cash during the period to the external partners of Glass America, associated with the taxable income and tax liabilities being allocated to 
them.  

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Results of Operations

(thousands of Canadian dollars, except per unit amounts)

For the three months ended
 December 31,
% change

2018

2017

For the years ended
 December 31,
% change

2017

2018

Sales - Total
Same-store sales - Total (excluding foreign exchange)

495,131
434,621

19.4
6.8

414,619
406,862

1,864,613
1,506,889

18.8
4.8

1,569,448
1,437,900

Gross margin %
Operating expense %

Adjusted EBITDA (1)
Acquisition and transaction costs
Depreciation and amortization
Fair value adjustments
Finance costs
Income tax expense (recovery)

Adjusted net earnings (1)
Adjusted net earnings per unit (1)

Net earnings 
Basic earnings per unit
Diluted earnings per unit

Standardized distributable cash (1)
Adjusted distributable cash (1)

44.3
34.7

(2.4)
(1.7)

45.4
35.3

45.2
35.9

47,563
2,626
14,024
(8,673)
2,911
6,771

23,174
1.174

29,904
1.516
1.190

57,743
59,503

13.8
204.3
15.9
N/A
4.3
(253.3)

33.0
29.4

29.1
25.7
0.4

42.4
45.5

41,810
863
12,104
7,300
2,792
(4,416)

17,422
0.907

23,167
1.206
1.185

40,541
40,902

173,383
4,298
51,741
4,787
10,283
24,635

85,607
4.349

77,639
3.944
3.785

153,864
154,821

Distributions and dividends paid

2,652

6.5

2,491

10,522

  (1) As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures section of the MD&A.

Sales  

(1.3)
(1.6)

19.1
100.0
24.2
N/A
(37.7)
31.6

45.5
36.7

32.9
24.8
34.8

60.1
63.9

9.4

45.8
36.5

145,635
2,149
41,665
8,167
16,505
18,714

58,833
3.182

58,435
3.160
2.808

96,123
94,452

9,618

Sales totaled $1.865 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $295.2 million or 18.8% when compared 
to 2017.  The increase in sales was the result of the following: 

 

$234.9 million of incremental sales were generated from 174 new locations that were not in operation for the full 
comparative period 

  Same-store sales excluding foreign exchange increased $69.0 million or 4.8% and decreased $2.3 million due to the 
translation  of  same-store  sales  at  a  lower  U.S.  dollar  exchange  rate.    After  adjusting  for  one  additional 
selling/production day, same-store sales increased 4.4% on a per day basis.   

  Sales were affected by the closure of under-performing facilities which decreased sales by $6.4 million 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
    
 
    
   
    
 
    
      
      
     
       
        
           
         
           
      
      
       
         
       
        
         
           
        
        
       
         
        
      
       
         
      
      
       
         
        
        
         
           
      
      
       
         
        
        
         
           
        
        
         
           
      
      
     
         
      
      
     
         
        
        
       
           
 
 
 
 
Same-store  sales  are  calculated  by  including  sales  for  locations  and  businesses  that  have  been  in  operation  for  the  full 
comparative period.   

Gross Profit 

Gross Profit  was $842.5 million or 45.2% of sales  for the year ended December  31, 2018  compared  to $718.4 million or 
45.8% of sales for the same period in 2017.  Gross profit increased primarily as a result of higher sales due to acquisition 
and same-store sales growth compared to the prior period.  The gross margin percentage is primarily impacted by a higher 
mix  of  parts  sales  in  relation  to  labour  as  well  as  incremental  sales  in  the  Assured  business  at  a  lower  gross  margin.  
Assured, which was acquired in July 2017, has lower gross margins due to some higher sales sourcing costs, which are more 
than offset by their higher capacity utilization and, in turn, their higher operating leverage.  Labour margins declined slightly 
due to both the higher direct labour costs associated with new location integration and ramp-up as well as the competitive 
labour market.  Improved parts margins partially offset these negative impacts.   

Operating Expenses 

Operating Expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 increased $96.4 million to $669.1 million from $572.7 million 
for the same period of 2017, primarily due to the acquisition of new locations.   Excluding the impact of foreign currency 
translation which decreased operating expenses by $1.0 million, expenses increased $100.3 million from 2017 primarily as a 
result of new locations.  Closed locations lowered operating expenses by a combined $2.9 million. 

Operating expenses as a percentage of sales were 35.9% for the year ended December 31, 2018, which compared to 36.5% 
for the same period in 2017. The decrease as a percentage of sales was primarily due to the impact of higher same-store sales 
levels leveraging the fixed component of operating expenses, partially offset by the 0.3%, or 30 basis point impact of the 
enhanced benefits for U.S. employees and a 0.1%, or 10 basis point impact of increased training costs in 2018.  The lower 
operating expense ratios associated with the Assured business as a result of their higher capacity utilization also positively 
impacted operating expenses as a percentage of sales.   

Acquisition and Transaction Costs 

Acquisition  and  Transaction  Costs  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018  were  $4.3  million  compared  to  $2.1  million 
recorded for the same period of 2017.  The costs relate to various acquisitions, including acquisitions from prior periods, as 
well as other completed or potential acquisitions.  For the  year ended December 31, 2018, $1.9 million in acquisition and 
transaction costs related to the costs incurred to complete the Glass America call option transaction.      

Adjusted EBITDA  

Earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, adjusted for the fair value adjustments related to the 
exchangeable  share  liability  and unit  option  liability  and non-controlling  interest  put  option  and  call  liability,  as  well  as 
acquisition and transaction costs (“Adjusted EBITDA”)1 for the year ended December 31, 2018 totaled $173.4 million or 
9.3%  of  sales  compared  to  Adjusted  EBITDA  of  $145.6  million  or  9.3%  of  sales  in  the  prior  year.    The  $27.8  million 
increase  was primarily the  result of  incremental EBITDA  contribution from  new location and same-store sales  growth, as 
well as changes in U.S. dollar exchange rates in 2018, which increased Adjusted EBITDA by $0.5 million.   

Depreciation and Amortization 

Depreciation related to property, plant and equipment totaled $34.1 million or 1.8% of sales for the year ended December 
31, 2018, an increase of $6.0 million when compared to the $28.1 million or 1.8% of sales recorded in the same period of 
the prior year.  The increase was primarily due to acquisition growth as well as investments in capital equipment.     

1 As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures section of the MD&A.   

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
 
Amortization of intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2018 totaled $17.7 million, or 0.9% of sales, an increase 
of $4.1 million when compared to the $13.6 million, or 0.9% of sales, expensed for the same period in the prior year.  The 
increase is primarily the result of the addition of new intangible assets from recent acquisitions.   

Fair Value Adjustments 

Fair  Value Adjustment  to  Exchangeable  Class  A  Common  Shares  liability  resulted  in  a  non-cash  expense  of  $2.4  million 
during 2018 compared to a non-cash expense of $3.1 million in the prior year.  The Class A exchangeable shares of BGHI 
are  exchangeable  into  units  of  the  Fund.    This  exchangeable  feature  results  in  the  shares  being  presented  as  financial 
liabilities of the Fund.  The liability represents the value of the Fund attributable to these shareholders.  Exchangeable Class 
A shares are measured at the market price of the units of the Fund as of the statement of financial position date.  The fair 
value  adjustment,  which  increased  the  liability  and  resulted  in  the  recording  of  the  related  expense,  is  the  result  of  the 
increase in the value of the Fund’s units.         

Fair Value Adjustment to Unit Based Payment Obligation liability resulted in a non-cash expense of $4.9 million for 2018 
compared to a non-cash expense of $9.8 million in the prior year.  Similar to the exchangeable share liability, the unit option 
liability is impacted by changes in the value of the Fund’s units.  The cost of cash-settled unit-based transactions is measured 
at  fair  value  using  a  Black-Scholes  model  and  expensed  over  the  vesting  period  with  the  recognition  of  a  corresponding 
liability.  The decrease in the liability is primarily the result of the settlement of 150,000 unit options on January 2, 2018 and 
the settlement of an additional 150,000 unit options on November 26, 2018, partially offset by the non-cash expenses on the 
remaining options, which are primarily the result of the increase in the value of the Fund’s units.   

Fair  Value  Adjustment  to  Non-controlling  Interest  Put  Option  and  Call  Liability  resulted  in  a  non-cash  recovery  of  $2.5 
million for 2018 compared to a $5.9 million non-cash recovery in the prior year.  The value of the non-controlling interest 
call liability has been determined based on completion of the call option transaction on January 31, 2019, resulting in a non-
cash  recovery  of  $1.7  million.    The  non-controlling  interest  put  option  has  been  calculated  based  on  the  Gerber  Glass 
Company Agreement.  Revisions to the EBITDA amount on which the calculation is based resulted in a non-cash recovery 
of $0.8 million in 2018.         

Finance Costs 

Finance  Costs  of  $10.3  million  or  0.6%  of  sales  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018  decreased  from  $16.5  million  or 
1.1% of sales for the prior year.  During the third quarter of 2017, the Fund provided notice that it would be redeeming the 
convertible  debentures  due  October  31,  2021  on  November  2,  2017,  resulting  in  a  shortened  period  to  maturity,  which 
increased finance costs by $4.9 million.  Finance costs decreased in 2018 due to the conversion and redemption of the 2014 
convertible debentures in November 2017, partially offset by draws on the revolving credit facility to fund acquisitions.  

Income Taxes  

Current and Deferred Income Tax Expense of $24.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compares to an expense 
of $18.7 million for 2017.  Income tax expense has been impacted by U.S. tax reform, which in 2018 reduced the estimated 
blended U.S. federal and state tax rate from 39% to 26% in the U.S., effective January 1, 2018.  Income tax expense in 2017 
was impacted by a one-time income tax recovery of approximately $13.6 million related to the revaluation of deferred tax 
liabilities  in  the  U.S.    Income  tax  expense  continues  to  be  impacted  by  permanent  differences  such  as  mark-to-market 
adjustments which impacts the tax computed on accounting income.     

Net Earnings and Earnings Per Unit  

Net Earnings for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $77.6 million or 4.2% of sales compared to $58.4 million or 3.7% 
of sales in the prior year.  The net earnings amount in 2018 was negatively impacted by fair value adjustments to financial 
instruments of $4.8  million, which  were  primarily  due  to the increase in  unit price during the period,  and  acquisition and 
transaction costs of $3.2 million (net of tax).  After adjusting for fair value and other unusual items, Adjusted net earnings1 
for 2018 was $85.6 million, or 4.6% of sales.  This compares to Adjusted net earnings of $58.8 million or 3.7% of sales in 
2017.  The increase in the Adjusted net earnings  for the  year is primarily  the result of decreased income tax expense as a 

1 As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures section of the MD&A. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
result of U.S. tax reform, reduced finance costs due to the conversion and redemption of outstanding debentures in November 
2017 and the contribution of new location and same-store sales growth, partially offset by increased expenses related to the 
enhanced benefits for U.S. employees previously announced.   

Basic  Earnings  Per  Unit  was  $3.944  per  unit  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018  compared  to  $3.160  in  2017.    The 
increase in basic earnings per unit is primarily attributed to contributions of new location and same-store sales growth and 
decreased income tax expense.  Diluted earnings per unit was $3.785 for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 
$2.808 in 2017.  Adjusted net earnings per unit1 was $4.349 compared to $3.182 in 2017. 

S ummary of Quarterly Results 

(in thousands of Canadian 
dollars, except per unit am ounts)

2018 Q4

2018 Q3

2018 Q2

2018 Q1

2017 Q4

2017 Q3

2017 Q2

2017 Q1

Sales

$  

495,131

$  

459,564

$   

456,627

$ 

453,291

$  

414,619

$     

391,933

$ 

383,981

$     

378,915

Adjusted EBITDA (1)

$    

47,563

$    

41,203

$     

42,494

$   

42,123

$    

41,810

$       

35,561

$   

35,478

$       

32,786

Net earnings
Basic earnings per unit
Diluted earnings (loss) per unit

$    
$      
$      

29,904
1.516
1.190

$    
$      
$      

16,571
0.842
0.752

$     
$       
$       

12,828
0.652
0.652

$   
$     
$     

18,336
0.932
0.928

$    
$      
$      

23,167
1.206
1.185

$       
$         
$         

19,835
1.067
0.396

$        
$     
$    

421
0.023
(0.078)

$       
$         
$         

15,012
0.831
0.699

Adjusted net earnings (1)
Adjusted net earnings per unit (1)

$    
$      

23,174
1.174

$    
$      

20,403
1.037

$     
$       

21,141
1.075

$   
$     

20,888
1.062

$    
$      

17,422
0.907

$       
$         

12,473
0.671

$   
$     

15,010
0.831

$       
$         

13,927
0.771

  (1) As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures section of the MD&A.

Sales and adjusted EBITDA have increased in recent quarters due to the acquisition of Assured and other new locations as 
well as same-store sales increases.   

STATUS AS A SPECIFIED INVESTMENT FLOW-THROUGH AND TAXATION 

Under the previous taxation regime for income trusts, the Fund had been exempt from tax on its income to the extent that its 
income  was  distributed  to  unitholders.    This  exemption  did  not  apply  to  the  Company  or  its  subsidiaries,  which  are 
corporations that are subject to income tax.  Under the tax regime effective for 2010 and years thereafter for trusts, certain 
distributions from a “specified investment flow-through” trust or partnership (“SIFT”) are no longer deductible in computing 
a SIFT’s taxable  income, and a SIFT is subject to tax on such distributions at a rate  that is substantially equivalent to the 
general  tax  rate  applicable  to  a  Canadian  corporation.    Foreign  investment  income  from  non-portfolio  investments  is  not 
subject to the SIFT tax.   

The Fund has and will continue to evaluate its structure from time to time.  In 2009, the Fund investigated and evaluated its 
structuring alternatives in connection with the SIFT rules with a view of preserving and maximizing unitholder value.  Based 
upon its investigation, analysis and due diligence and given its size and circumstances, the Fund determined at that time, that 
a change to a share corporation structure would not be advantageous to the Fund or its unitholders.  This determination was 
based on several reasons.  First, the Fund did not believe it would achieve any net tax savings by converting.  Second, the 
Fund believed that the cost of conversion was not a prudent use of cash and was not justified by any perceived benefits from 
conversion for a fund of Boyd’s size.  Third, to the extent that the Fund paid SIFT tax, it believed that its taxable unitholders 
would benefit from the lower tax rate on distributions received, as it expected to be able to maintain distributions, despite 
any trust tax that the Fund would incur.  Lastly, the Fund’s distribution level to unitholders was being funded almost entirely 
by its U.S. operations and since distributions that are sourced from U.S. business earnings are not subject to the SIFT tax, 
the Fund benefited from a tax deduction at the U.S. corporate entity level for interest paid to the Fund which was distributed 
to unitholders.   

The Fund is required to record income tax expense at its effective tax rate.  The Fund’s effective tax rate varies due to the 
fixed  level  of  interest  that  is  deducted  from  the  U.S.  operations  and  paid  to  the  trust  unitholders  as  distributions.    This 
amount of interest was approximately $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017 - $9.6 million).  The Fund 
estimates that its basic Canadian provincial and federal tax rate is approximately 26% and its U.S. federal and state tax rate 
23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
is  approximately  26%  for  the  year  ending  December  31,  2018  and  39%  for  the  year  ending  December  31,  2017.    In 
forecasting future tax obligations, the Fund deducts the interest amount above from the U.S. taxable income to estimate the 
U.S. tax expense.  As a result of the fixed nature of the interest deduction and the potential for change in the U.S. – Canada 
mix of income, it is not possible to provide a reliable estimate of the future effective tax rate for the Fund. 

The following illustration is only intended to demonstrate the differences in the effective tax rate depending on the level of 
net income and a fixed interest deduction in the U.S.  It is not a forecast of the expected effective tax rate of the Fund. 

Effective tax rate (illustration only)

Net income level (1)
U.S. interest deduction re: distribution

$             

75,000
(10,000)

$           

100,000
(10,000)

$           

125,000
(10,000)

$             

65,000

$             

90,000

$           

115,000

Example blended tax rate (U.S. and Canada)

26.00%

26.00%

26.00%

Effective tax rate - % of total

22.53%

23.40%

23.92%

  (1)  Net income level is before tax and excludes other non-taxable adjustments such as fair value and put option adjustments.

$             

16,900

$             

23,400

$             

29,900

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 

Cash  flow  from  operations,  together  with  cash  on  hand  and  unutilized  credit  available  on  existing  credit  facilities  are 
expected to be sufficient to meet operating requirements, capital expenditures and distributions.  At December 31, 2018, the 
Fund had cash, net of outstanding deposits and cheques, held on deposit in bank accounts totaling $64.5 million (December 
31,  2017  -  $47.8  million).    The  net  working  capital  ratio  (current  assets  divided  by  current  liabilities)  was  0.81:1  at 
December 31, 2018 (December 31, 2017 – 0.98:1).   

At December 31, 2018, the Fund had total debt outstanding, net of cash, of $232.1 compared to $182.2 million at September 
30,  2018, $174.9  million  at  June  30,  2018,  $214.9  million  at  March  31,  2018  and  $219.1  million  at  December  31,  2017.  
Debt, net of cash, increased  when  compared  to  December 31, 2017  as  a  result  of  increased  draws  on the revolving  credit 
facility and increased seller notes used to fund acquisitions.   

Total debt, net of cash

(thousands of Canadian dollars)

Revolving credit facility 
   (net of financing costs)
Seller notes (1)
Obligations under finance leases

December 31, 
2018

September 30, 
2018

June 30, 
2018

March 31, 
2018

December 31, 
2017

$       

222,039

$          

173,322

$          

185,266

$          

210,240

$          

200,222

66,120
8,407

51,559
8,674

54,673
8,167

55,373
8,459

57,754
8,921

Total debt

Cash

$       

296,566

$          

233,555

$          

248,106

$          

274,072

$          

266,897

64,476

51,348

73,246

59,215

47,831

Total debt, net of cash

$       

232,090

$          

182,207

$          

174,860

$          

214,857

$          

219,066

  (1)  Seller notes are loans granted to the Company by the sellers of businesses related to the acquisition of those businesses.

24 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
             
             
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
            
              
              
              
              
              
                
                
                
                
            
              
              
              
              
 
 
The following table summarizes the contractual obligations at December 31, 2018 and required payments over the next five 
years: 

Contractual Obligations

(thousands of Canadian dollars)

Total

Within 1 
year

1 to 2 
years

2 to 3 
years

3 to 4 
years

4 to 5 
years

After 5 
years

Bank indebtedness
Accounts payable and accrued 
     liabilities
Long-term debt
Obligations under finance leases
Operating lease obligation
Purchase obligations (1)

$            

-      

$        

-      

$        

-      

$        

-      

$        

-      

$        

-      

$        

-      

267,991
288,159
8,407
535,533

267,991
16,390
3,846
93,820

-      
13,672
2,080
85,726

-      
10,828
2,379
75,882

-      
5,446
13
63,278

-      
226,728
13
47,137

-      
15,095
76
169,690

-      

unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown

$    

1,100,090

$  

382,047

$  

101,478

$    

89,089

$    

68,737

$  

273,878

$  

184,861

(1) S ubje c t to  fulfilling c e rta in c o nditio ns  s uc h a s  m e e ting c o ntra c tua l purc ha s e  o bliga tio ns  a nd no  c ha nge  in c o ntro l the  re pa ym e nt a m o unt wo uld be  nil.

Operating Activities  

Cash  flow generated from  operations, before  considering  working  capital  changes,  was $146.5 million  for  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2018  compared  to  $116.6  million  in  2017.    The  increase  was  due  to  increased  adjusted  EBITDA  in  2018, 
resulting from new location and same-store sales growth.     

In  2018,  changes  in  working  capital  items  provided  net  cash  of  $34.0  million  compared  with  providing  net  cash  of  $3.1 
million  in  2017.    Increases  and  decreases  in  accounts  receivable,  inventory,  prepaid  expenses,  income  taxes,  accounts 
payable and accrued liabilities are significantly influenced by timing of collections and expenditures.  The decrease in tax 
payments due to U.S. tax reform impacted changes in working capital in 2018 when compared to 2017. 

Financing Activities 

Cash used by financing activities totaled $11.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to cash provided by 
financing  activities  of  $140.6  million  during  the  prior  year.    During  2018,  cash  was  provided  by  draws  of  the  revolving 
credit facility in the amount of $67.8 million, offset by cash used to repay draws as well as long-term debt associated with 
seller notes in the amount of $66.1 million.  Cash was also used to repay finance leases in the amount of $3.9 million and to 
pay distributions to unitholders and dividends to Class A common shareholders totaling $10.5 million.  During 2017, cash 
was provided by draws on the revolving credit facility in the amount of $209.1 million, offset by cash used to repay draws as 
well as long-term debt associated  with seller notes in the amount of $53.2 million.   In  2017, cash  was  also used  to repay 
finance  leases  in  the  amount  of  $4.3  million,  to  pay  distributions  to  unitholders  and  dividends  to  Class  A  common 
shareholders totaling $9.6 million and to make payments to non-controlling interests totaling $0.2 million.         

Debt Financing 

On  May  26,  2017,  the  Company  entered  into  a  second  amended  and  restated  credit  agreement  for  a  term  of  five  years, 
increasing  the  revolving  credit  facility  to  $300  million  U.S.  with  an  accordion  feature  which  can  increase  the  facility  to  a 
maximum of $450 million U.S.  The facility is with a syndicate of Canadian and U.S. banks and is secured by the shares and 
assets of the Company as well as by guarantees of the Fund and BGHI.  The interest rate is based on a pricing grid of the 
Fund’s ratio of total funded debt to EBITDA as determined under the credit agreement. The Company can draw the facility in 
either  the  U.S.  or  in  Canada,  in  either  U.S.  or  Canadian  dollars.    The  Company  can  make  draws  in  tranches  as  required. 
Tranches  bear  interest  only  and  are  not  repayable  until  the  maturity  date  but  can  be  voluntarily  repaid  at  any  time.  The 
Company has the ability to choose the base interest rate between Prime, Bankers Acceptances (“BA”) or London Inter Bank 
Offer Rate (“LIBOR”).  The total syndicated facility includes a swing line up to a maximum of $5.0 million U.S. in Canada 
and $20.0 million U.S. in the U.S.  At December 31, 2018, the Company has drawn $61.3 million U.S. (December 31, 2017 - 
$40.0 million U.S.) and $139.0 million Canadian (December 31, 2017 - $150.8 million) on the revolving credit facility. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
         
    
          
          
          
          
          
         
      
      
      
        
    
      
             
        
        
        
             
             
             
         
      
      
      
      
      
    
              
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Under the revolving facility, Boyd is subject to certain financial covenants which must be maintained to avoid acceleration 
of  the  termination  of  the  credit  agreement.  The  financial  covenants  require  the  Fund  to  maintain  a  total  debt  to  EBITDA 
ratio of less than 4.25; a senior debt to EBITDA ratio of less than 3.25; and a fixed charge coverage ratio of greater than 
1.03. For three quarters following a material acquisition, the total debt to EBITDA ratio may be increased to less than 4.75, 
the senior debt to EBITDA ratio may be increased to less than 3.75.   

The Company supplements its debt financing by negotiating with sellers in certain acquisitions to provide financing to the 
Company in the form of term notes.  The notes payable to sellers are typically at favourable interest rates and for terms of 
five to 15 years.  This source of financing is another means of supporting the Fund’s growth, at a relatively low cost.  During 
2018, the Fund entered into 19 new seller notes for an aggregate amount of $20.1 million.  The Company repaid seller notes 
in 2018 totaling approximately $14.7 million (2017 - $12.9 million). 

The  Fund  has  traditionally  used  capital  leases  to  finance  a  portion  of  both  its  maintenance  and  expansion  capital 
expenditures.  The Fund expects to continue to use this source of financing where available at competitive interest rates and 
terms, although this financing also impacts the total leverage capacity covenants under its debt facility.  During 2018, $2.8 
million  (2017  -  $2.0  million)  of  expenditures  for  new  equipment,  technology  infrastructure  and  vehicles  were  financed 
through capital leases.       

Unitholders’ Capital  

On November 26, 2018, the Fund completed the settlement of the unit options issued on January 2, 2009.  As a result of the 
settlement,  150,000  units  were  issued  at  an  exercise  price  of  $3.14.    The  fair  value  of  the  unit  options  at  settlement  was 
$15.4 million. 

On January 2, 2018, the  Fund  completed the settlement  of  the unit  options  issued  on  January 2,  2008.  As a  result of the 
settlement,  150,000  units  were  issued  at  an  exercise  price  of  $2.70.    The  fair  value  of  the  unit  options  at  settlement  was 
$14.7 million.   

On  November  2,  2017,  the  Fund  completed  the  early  redemption  and  cancellation  of  its  5.25%  Convertible  Unsecured 
Subordinated  Debentures  due  October  31,  2021.    Subsequent  to  the  initial  announcement  of  the  early  redemption,  $52.4 
million  principal  amount  of  the  Debentures  were  converted  into  853,027  units  of  the  Fund  using  a  conversion  price  of 
$61.40  per  trust  unit  as  stated  in  the  Trust  Indenture  dated  as  of  September  29,  2014.    Debentures  not  converted  were 
redeemed in accordance with the provisions of the Trust Indenture dated as of September 29, 2014.  On November 2, 2017, 
the remaining $2.5 million in Debentures were redeemed through the issuance of 28,995 units of the Fund.   

During 2017, prior to the notice of early redemption, at the request of the holders, the Fund converted $1.5 million principal 
amount of the 2014 Debentures into 25,112 units of the Fund.   

On July 4, 2017, the Company acquired the assets and business of Assured.  Funding for the Assured transaction included 
the issuance of 537,872 units of the Fund to the sellers at a unit price of $96.15.   

A  unitholder  is  entitled  to  request  the  redemption  of  units  at  any  time,  and  the  Fund  is  obligated  to  redeem  those  units, 
subject to a cash redemption maximum of $25,000 for any one month.  The redemption price is determined as the lower of 
90% of the market price during the 10 trading day period commencing immediately after the date of the redemption or 100% 
of the closing market price on the date of redemption.  No amounts were redeemed in either 2018 or 2017. 

A Class A common shareholder of BGHI can exchange Class A common shares for units of the Fund upon request.  The 
retraction of Class A common shares is achieved by BGHI issuing Class B common shares to the Fund in exchange for units 
of  the  Fund,  and  the  units  so  received  being  delivered  to  the  Class  A  shareholder  requesting  the  retraction.    For  the  year 
ended  December  31,  2018,  BGHI  received  requests  and  retracted  9,611  (2017  –  3,798)  Class  A  common  shares,  issued 
9,611  (2017  –  3,798)  Class  B  common  shares  to  the  Fund  and  received  9,611  (2017  –  3,798)  units  of  the  Fund  as 
consideration, which were delivered to the Class A shareholders in respect of the retractions.   

The Fund sells the Class B shares to the Company in exchange for Notes and Class I shares to fund future distributions on 
the Trust units.  The exchange value is equivalent to the unit value provided to the Class A common shareholder.  The Fund 
anticipates  that  it  will  continue  to  sell  any  Class  B  shares  of  BGHI  that  it  receives  as  a  result  of  these  retractions,  to  the 
Company. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The holders of the Class A common shares receive cash dividends on a monthly basis  at a rate equivalent to the  monthly 
cash distribution paid to unitholders of the Fund.   

The following chart discloses outstanding  unit data of the  Fund, including information on all outstanding securities of the 
Fund and its subsidiaries that are convertible or exchangeable for units of the Fund as of March 20, 2019. 

Convertible or exchangeable units of the Fund
As of March 20, 2019

Units outstanding

Class A common shares of BGHI (1)

Unit options:

Date Granted - November 8, 2007 (2)

 # or $ amount 
of securities 
outstanding 

 # of units to be issued in 
conversion or exchange by 
holder 

 Maximum # of 
units to be 
issued 

19,869,020

190,610

19,869,020

19,869,020

190,610

190,610

150,000

150,000

150,000

20,209,630

20,209,630

(1)  The Fund is obligated to issue units to BGHI, in exchange for Class B shares of BGHI, upon a request for retraction by the holders of the Class A shares of 

BGHI on a 1:1 basis. 

(2)  On November 8, 2007, the Fund granted options to certain key employees allowing them to exercise the right to purchase, in the aggregate, up to 450,000 
units of the Fund, such options to purchase up to 150,000 units issued on each of January 2, 2008, 2009 and 2010.  Effective March 20, 2019, the units may 
be purchased, to the extent validly exercised, on a date, at the grantee’s election, between nine years and 258 days after the grant date up to and including the 
10th anniversary of the grant date (September 15 to January 2 of the applicable period).  The purchase price per unit under the options issued on each issue 
date is the greater of the  closing price for units on the Toronto Stock Exchange on the option grant date (being $2.70 per unit) and the weighted average 
trading price of the units on the Toronto Stock Exchange for the first 15 trading days in the month of January of the year in which each issue date falls, being 
$2.70, $3.14 and $5.41, respectively.  The cost of the options is being recognized over the term between the date when unitholder approval is obtained and the 
date the options become exercisable.  On November 26, 2018, the Fund completed the settlement of the unit options issued on January 2, 2009.  As a result of 
the settlement, 150,000 units were issued at an exercise price of $3.14.  On January 2, 2018, the Fund completed the settlement of the unit options issued on 
January 2, 2008.  As a result of the settlement, 150,000 units were issued at an exercise price of $2.70. 

Investing Activities 

Cash used in investing activities totaled $156.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to $263.0 million 
used in the prior year.  The investing activity in both periods related primarily to new location growth that occurred during 
these periods.       

Acquisitions and Development of Businesses 

Since the beginning of 2018, the Company has added 115 collision locations as follows: 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
     
        
        
        
             
             
             
             
             
             
        
        
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Location
Lawrenceville, GA
Collier County, FL (2 locations)
Sudbury, ON (4 locations)
Falcon, CO

Date
January 12, 2018
January 19, 2018
January 31, 2018
February 20, 2018
February 23, 2018 Dallas, TX (3 locations)
Seattle, WA (3 locations)
April 17, 2018
Schaumburg, IL
May 1, 2018
Merrillville, IN
May 8, 2018
Alexandria, LA
May 18, 2018
Atlanta, GA (2 locations)
May 25, 2018
Bradford, ON
May 28, 2018
Orland Park, IL
June 1, 2018
Chicago, IL
June 8, 2018
Elk Grove Village, IL
June 27, 2018
Aurora, ON
July 3, 2018
Brunswick, OH
July 6, 2018
Nanaimo, BC
July 9, 2018
Elkhart, IN
July 10, 2018
Bessemer & Birmingham, AL
August 3, 2018
Kenosha, WI
August 3, 2018
September 21, 2018 Dundas, ON
September 27, 2018 Lafayette, LA
Kennewick, WA
October 10, 2018
Springfield, IL
October 10, 2018
Jacksonville, FL
October 10, 2018
Saskatoon, SK (2 locations)
October 12, 2018
Turtle Creek, PA
October 15, 2018
Brownsburg & Greenwood, IN
October 15, 2018
November 1, 2018 Kansas City, MO (5 locations)
November 1, 2018 Verona, PA
November 5, 2018 LaGrange, GA
November 14, 2018 Palatka, FL
November 30, 2018 West Hawksbury, ON 
November 30, 2018

Wisconsin & Northern Illinois 
   (18 locations including 2 intake centers)

Previously operated as
n/a start-up
Autocraft Enterprises and Autocraft Naples
Regent Autobody
Falcon Collision Center
Earth Collision Center
Professional Collision Group
n/a intake center
n/a intake center
Kyle's Collision Center
Cherokee Collision Center
Chico's Collision 
n/a intake center
Brown's Auto Construction
Owner's Choice Collision
GaryRay Collision
Shade's Auto Body
Stone Bros. Auto Body and Auto Wrecking
Duncan RV Repair
C&M Collision Center
Jay-Bee Collision Repair Center
Terry's Autobody
n/a start-up
SonShine Collision Services
Dick Taylor Collision Services
n/a intake center
Nutana Collision
Johnny Mock's Auto Body Shop
Golden Chassis
A&B Body Shop, Inc.
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
n/a intake center
Marchildon Autobody
Gates Collision Centers

n/a start-up
December 1, 2018 Winnipeg, MB
n/a intake center
December 3, 2018 McDonough, GA
December 11, 2018 Albany, OR
Pacific Auto Body & Paint
December 14, 2018 Central & Western Regions, TX (9 locations) Paceline Collision Centers
December 19, 2018 Jacksonville, NC
December 28, 2018 Lake Havasu City, AZ
January 1, 2019
January 9, 2019
January 11, 2019
February 28, 2019 New York (18 locations)
Michigan (11 locations)
March 8, 2019
Guelph, ON
March 15, 2019
Richland, WA
March 18, 2019

Stevenson Toyota Collision
n/a start-up
n/a intake center
Bob Johnson's Body Shop
Lake Pleasant Collision Center
Carubba Collision
Dusty's, Whitney's and Wright Brothers Collision
Majestic Collision
Atomic Auto Body and Detail

Union City, GA
Cayce, SC
Peoria, AZ

The Company completed the acquisition or start-up of 105 locations during 2017.   

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Start-ups 

In 2018, the Company commenced operations in six new start-up collision repair facilities.  The total combined investment 
in leaseholds and equipment for these facilities was approximately $2.7 million, financed through a combination of cash and 
finance  leases.    The  Company  commenced  operations  in  three  new  start-up  collision  repair  facilities  in  2017  with  a 
combined investment of approximately $2.4 million.  The Company anticipates it will use similar start-up strategies as part 
of its continued growth in the future.   

Capital Expenditures 

Although  most  of  Boyd’s  repair  facilities  are  leased,  funds  are  required  to  ensure  facilities  are  properly  repaired  and 
maintained  to  ensure  the  Company’s  physical  appearance  communicates  Boyd’s  standard  of  professional  service  and 
quality.  The Company’s need to maintain its facilities and upgrade or replace equipment, signage, computers, software and 
vehicles forms part of the annual cash requirements of the business.  The Company manages these expenditures by annually 
reviewing and determining its capital budget needs and then authorizing major expenditures throughout the year based upon 
individual business cases.  Excluding expenditures related to acquisition and development and those funded through finance 
leases, the Company spent approximately $26.7 million or 1.4% of sales on capital expenditures during 2018, compared to 
$23.5 million or 1.5% of sales during 2017.  Lower than expected capital expenditures during 2018 will result in some of 
these expenditures being incurred in 2019. 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 

Neither the Fund, Boyd nor any of its subsidiaries are involved in any legal proceedings which are material in any respect. 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS  

To  broaden  and  deepen  management  ownership  in  the  Fund,  the  Company  established  the  Senior  Managers  Unit  Loan 
Program (“Unit Loan Program”) in December 2012, which facilitated the one-time purchase of 121,607 of trust units held 
by  Brock  Bulbuck,  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer,  and  Tim  O’Day,  President  and  Chief  Operating  Officer  US 
Operations, by existing Boyd trustees and senior managers. Only senior managers were eligible to receive loan support, and 
only up to 75% of each senior manager’s purchase.  The loans bear interest at a fixed rate of 3% per annum with interest 
payable monthly.  For the first five years of the loan, ending December 2017, 2% of the original loan amount was forgiven 
and applied as a reduction of the loan principal.  Participants are required to make monthly payments equal to .25% of the 
original principal amount.  Beginning March 31, 2013, participants are required to make additional minimum repayments of 
principal equal to the lesser of 12.5% of their annual pre-tax bonus or 12.5% of the original loan amount.  Participants are 
required to repay the loan in full on the earlier of termination of employment, the sale of the units, or ten years from the date 
of loan issuance.  The loan can be repaid at any time without penalty; however, the 2% future annual forgiveness would be 
forfeited.  Units purchased are held by the Company as security for repayment of the loan.  Pursuant to the conditions of the 
senior  manager  unit  loan  program,  loan  repayments  by  senior  managers  amounted  to  $0.1  million  for  2018  (2017  -  $0.2 
million).  At December 31, 2018, the carrying value of loans made under the Unit Loan Program was $0.1 million (2017 - 
$0.1 million).  Subsequent to year-end, all loans made under the Unit Loan Program were fully repaid.  

In certain circumstances the Company has entered into property lease arrangements where an employee of the Company is 
the  landlord.    In  most  cases,  the  Company  assumes  these  property  lease  arrangements  initially  in  connection  with  an 
acquisition.  The property leases  for these locations do not contain any significant non-standard terms and conditions  that 
would not normally exist in an arm’s length relationship, and the Fund has determined that the terms and conditions of the 
leases are representative of fair market rent values.   

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  are  the  lease  expense  amounts  for  facilities  under  lease  with  related  parties  (in  thousands  of  Canadian 
dollars): 

Landlord

Affiliated Person(s)

Location

Lease   December 31,  December 31,
Expires

2017

2018

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Richmond Hill, ON 2035

$                 

188

$                  

92

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Ottawa, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Ajax, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Mississauga, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Oakville, ON

D'Silva Real Estate 
    Holdings Inc.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Barrie, ON

2035

2036

2032

2035

2032

Gerber Building No. 1 
    Ptnrp

 Eddie Cheskis, 
       & Tim O'Day 

South Elgin, IL

2023

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Missisauga, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Hamilton,ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Missisauga, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Missisauga, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Missisauga, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Scarborough, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Toronto, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Brampton, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Hamilton, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Woodstock, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Etobicoke, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Milton, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Brantford, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Ottawa, ON

2035

2036

2035

2035

2036

2036

2023

2036

2035

2037

2037

2035

2020

2036

257

87

50

188

420

122

105

62

50

309

100

87

50

100

103

67

213

113

83

212

127

42

25

92

180

120

52

31

24

153

50

44

25

49

51

33

105

56

-

104

The Fund’s subsidiary, The Boyd Group Inc., has declared dividends totaling $57 thousand (2017 – $56 thousand), through 
BGHI  to  4612094  Manitoba  Inc.,  an  entity  controlled  by  a  senior  officer  of  the  Fund.    At  December  31,  2018,  4612094 
Manitoba  Inc.  owned  107,329  (2017  –  107,329)  Class  A  common  shares  and  30,000,000  (2017  –  30,000,000)  voting 
common shares of BGHI, representing approximately 30% of the total voting shares of BGHI.   

On September 29, 2017, Gerber Glass LLC, a subsidiary of the Fund, exercised its’ call option, as provided for in the GA 
Company Agreement, to acquire the 30% non-controlling interest in Glass America LLC held by GAJV Holdings Inc.  The 
exercise price had been calculated in accordance with the terms of the GA Company Agreement.  GAJV Holdings Inc. did 
not  agree  with  the  calculation  of  the  exercise  price,  including  certain  material  changes,  and  the  matter  was  submitted  to 
binding  arbitration  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  GA  Company  Agreement.  On  January  31,  2019,  the  call  option 
transaction was completed, and Gerber Glass LLC acquired the 30% non-controlling interest in Glass America LLC. 

On November 26, 2018, the Fund completed the settlement of the unit options issued on January 2, 2009.  As a result of the 
settlement 150,000 units were issued at an exercise price of $3.14.  The fair value of the unit options at settlement was $15.4 
million. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
  
                   
                  
                     
                    
                     
                    
                   
                    
                   
                  
                   
                  
                   
                    
                     
                    
                     
                    
                   
                  
                   
                    
                     
                    
                     
                    
                   
                    
                   
                    
                     
                    
                   
                  
                   
                    
                     
                      
                   
                  
 
 
 
 
 
On January 2, 2018, the  Fund  completed the settlement  of  the unit  options  issued  on  January 2,  2008.  As a  result of the 
settlement 150,000 units were issued at an exercise price of $2.70.  The fair value of the unit options at settlement was $14.7 
million. 

FOURTH QUARTER 

Sales  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31,  2018  totaled  $495.1  million,  an  increase  of  $80.5  million  or  19.4% 
compared  to  the  same  period  in  2017.    Overall  same-store  sales  excluding  foreign  exchange  increased  $27.8  million,  or 
6.8% in the fourth quarter of 2018 when compared to the fourth quarter of 2017 and increased a further $14.3 million due to 
the  translation  of  same-store  sales  at  a  higher  U.S.  dollar  exchange  rate.    After  adjusting  for  one  additional 
selling/production day, same-store sales increased 5.2% on a per day basis.  Sales growth of $40.0 million was attributable 
to incremental sales generated from 86 new locations.  The closure of under-performing facilities accounted for a decrease in 
sales of $1.6 million. 

Gross Profit for the fourth quarter decreased to 44.3% from 45.4% in the same period in 2017.  The gross margin percentage 
decrease is due to a combination of a higher mix of parts sales in relation to labor as well as some lower DRP pricing this 
quarter. Improved parts margins partially offset these negative impacts.  The lower DRP pricing this quarter is the result of 
certain DRP performance pricing  arrangements  changing  in a  way that  is currently resulting in  slightly  greater  variability 
quarter to quarter.   

Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter of 2018 totaled $47.6 million or 9.6% of sales compared to Adjusted EBITDA of 
$41.8 million or 10.1% of sales in the same period of the prior year.  The $5.8 million increase was primarily the result of 
incremental EBITDA contribution from  new  locations and same-store sales  growth along  with a  lower operating expense 
ratio.    The  lower  operating  expense  ratio  is  primarily  the  result  of  some  expense  accrual  reductions  as  certain  expense 
estimates  changed  or  were  firmed  up  at  amounts  that  were  lower  than  previously  estimated  and  accrued.  These  expense 
reductions included workers compensation and advertising costs. 

Current and Deferred Income Tax Expense of $6.8 million in 2018 compared to a recovery of $4.4 million in 2017.  Income 
tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2017 was impacted by a one-time income tax recovery of approximately $13.6 million 
related to the revaluation of deferred tax liabilities in the U.S. based on tax reform.  Income tax expense decreased in 2018 
due to U.S. tax reform, which lowered the effective tax rate in the U.S. by approximately 13%. 

Net  Earnings  for  the  fourth  quarter  was  $29.9  million  or  $1.190  per  fully  diluted  unit  compared  to  net  earnings  of  $23.2 
million or $1.185 per fully diluted unit for the same period in the prior year.  The net earnings in the fourth quarter of 2017 
were impacted by the changes in  deferred tax assets and  liabilities resulting  from changes  in U.S. tax  rates, resulting in  a 
one-time tax recovery of $13.6 million.  Also impacting net earnings in both the current and prior period was the recording 
of  fair  value  adjustments  for  exchangeable  shares,  unit  options  and  non-controlling  interest  put  option  and  call  liability 
adjustments, as well as the recording of acquisition and transaction costs.  Excluding these impacts, adjusted net earnings for 
the fourth quarter was $23.2 million or $1.174 per unit compared to adjusted net earnings of $17.4 million or $0.907 per unit 
for the same period in the prior year.  The increase in adjusted net earnings of $5.8 million is the result of the contribution of 
new location growth as well as lower operating expense ratios.   

Standardized Distributable Cash for the fourth quarter increased to $57.7 million from $40.5 million for the same period in 
2017.  Adjusted distributable cash for the fourth quarter increased to $59.5 million from $40.9 million for the same period a 
year  ago,  representing  a  payout  ratio  of  4.5%  for  2018  compared  to  6.1%  for  the  same  period  last  year.    The  increase  in 
distributable cash is primarily the result of higher Adjusted EBITDA levels.   

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS  

In order to limit the variability of earnings due to the foreign exchange translation exposure on the income and expenses of 
the U.S. operations, the Company may at times enter into foreign exchange contracts.  These contracts are marked to market 
monthly with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings.  The Company did not have any such contract in place during 
2018 or 2017.   

Transactional foreign currency risk also exists in limited circumstances where U.S. denominated cash is received in Canada.  
The Company monitors U.S. denominated cash flows to be received in Canada and evaluates whether to use forward foreign 
exchange contracts.  No such foreign exchange contracts were used during 2018 or 2017.   

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 

The preparation of financial statements that present fairly the financial position, financial condition and results of operations 
requires  that  the  Fund  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities,  the 
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during 
the reporting period.   Actual  results could  differ  materially from  these estimates.    The following is  a  summary of critical 
accounting  estimates  and  assumptions  that  the  Fund  believes  could  materially  impact  its  financial  position,  financial 
condition or results of operations: 

Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets 

When  testing  goodwill  and  intangibles  for  impairment,  the  Fund  uses  the  recorded  historical  cash  flows  of  the  cash 
generating  unit  (“CGU”)  or  group  of  CGU’s  to  which  the  asset  relate  for  the  most  recent  two  years,  and  an  estimate  or 
forecast  of  cash  flows  for  the  next  year  to  establish  an  estimate  of  the  Fund’s  future  cash  flows.    An  estimate  of  the 
recoverable  amount  is  then  calculated  as  the  higher  of  an  asset’s  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell  and  value  in  use  (being  the 
present  value  of  the  expected  future  cash  flows  of  the  relevant  asset  or  CGU).  An  impairment  loss  is  recognized  for  the 
amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.  The methods used to value intangible assets 
and goodwill require critical  estimates to be made regarding the  future cash flows and useful lives of the intangible assets.  
Goodwill  and  intangible  asset  impairments,  when  recognized,  are  recorded  as  a  separate  charge  to  earnings,  and  could 
materially impact the operating results of the Fund for any particular accounting period.   

Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets 

The  Fund  assesses  the  recoverability  of  its  long-lived  assets,  other  than  goodwill  and  intangibles,  after  considering  the 
potential impairment indicated by such factors as business and market trends, the Fund’s ability to transfer the assets, future 
prospects,  current  market  value  and  other  economic  factors.    In  performing  its  review  of  recoverability,  management 
estimates the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their potential disposition.  If the discounted 
sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets generating those cash flows, an impairment 
loss would be recognized based on the excess of the carrying amounts of the assets over their estimated recoverable value.  
The  underlying  estimates  for  cash  flows  include  estimates  for  future  sales,  gross  margin  rates  and  operating  expenses.  
Changes  which  may  impact  these  estimates  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  business  risks  and  uncertainties  and  economic 
conditions.    To  the  extent  that  management’s  estimates  are  not  realized,  future  assessments  could  result  in  impairment 
charges that may have a material impact on the Fund’s consolidated financial statements. 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments 

The Fund has applied discounted cash flow methods to establish the fair value of certain financial liabilities recorded on the 
statement of financial position, as well as disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.  The Fund also establishes mark-
to-market valuations for derivative instruments, which are assumed to represent the current fair value of these instruments.  
These  valuations  rely  on  assumptions  regarding  future  interest  and  exchange  rates  as  well  as  other  economic  indicators, 
which at the time of establishing the fair value for disclosure, have a high degree of uncertainty.  Unrealized gains or losses 
on these derivative financial instruments may not be realized as markets change.  

Income Taxes 

The Fund is subject to income tax in several jurisdictions and estimates are used to determine the provision for income taxes. 
During the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the  ultimate tax determination is 
uncertain. As a result, the Fund recognizes tax liabilities based on estimates of whether additional taxes and interest will be 
due.  Uncertain tax liabilities may be recognized when, despite the Fund’s belief that its tax return positions are supportable, 
the  Fund  believes  that  certain  positions  are  likely  to  be  challenged  and  may  not  be  fully  sustained  upon  review  by  tax 
authorities.    The  Fund  believes  that  its  accruals  for  tax  liabilities  are  adequate  for  all  open  audit  years  based  on  its 
assessment of many factors including past experience and interpretations of tax law. To the extent that the final tax outcome 
is  different  than  the  amounts  recorded,  such  differences  will  impact  income  tax  expense  in  the  period  in  which  such 
determination is made. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The Fund has adopted IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective 
approach, which recognizes the cumulative effect of initial application as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained 
earnings (deficit) at January 1, 2018 without restatement of comparatives.  Beginning January 1, 2018, the Fund recognizes 
revenue  upon  completion  and  delivery  of  the  repair  to  the  customer,  which  has  been  determined  to  be  the  performance 
obligation that is distinct and the point at which control of the asset passes to the customer.  Revenue is measured at the fair 
value of the consideration received.  Previously, revenue was recognized to the extent that it was probable that the economic 
benefits would flow to the Fund, the sales price was fixed or determinable and collectability was reasonably assured.  As a 
result,  revenue  that  met  the  revenue  recognition  criteria  under  the  prevailing  IAS  18  was  recognized  in  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2017.  The same revenue, however, would not have met the recognition criteria under IFRS 15.  As such, the 
impact on the consolidated financial statements as at January 1, 2018 is a decrease to opening retained earnings (deficit) of 
$6.7 million.   

The Fund  has adopted IFRS  9  Financial  Instruments  on January  1, 2018 using  the modified retrospective approach.  The 
adoption of IFRS 9 did not have a material impact on the Fund’s consolidated financial statements.   

The Fund has adopted the narrow-scope amendments to IFRS 2, Share-based Payment on January 1, 2018.  The adoption 
of IFRS 2 did not have a material impact on the Fund’s consolidated financial statements. 

FUTURE ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 

The following is an overview of accounting standard changes that the Fund will be required to adopt in future years: 

IFRS  16,  Leases,  was  issued  by  the  IASB  on  January  13,  2016  and  will  replace  the  current  guidance  found  in  IAS  17, 
Leases  and  related  interpretations.  The  new  standard  will  bring  most  leases  onto  the  statement  of  financial  position 
through  recognition  of  right-of-use  assets  and  lease  liabilities.  IFRS  16  establishes  principles  for  recognition, 
measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases.   

The  Fund  is  continuing  to  evaluate  the  impact  of  adopting  IFRS  16  on  its  financial  statements,  but  expects  this 
standard will have a significant  impact  on  its consolidated statement of financial position,  through recognition of  right-
of-use assets and lease liabilities, estimated at approximately $450 million and $490 million respectively.  During 
2019, the Fund  will recognize a decrease in operating expenses, as well as increases in depreciation expense and finance 
costs as a result of the depreciation of the right-of-use assets and accretion expense on the lease liability.   

The Fund will apply the standard effective January 1, 2019 and plans to transition using the modified retrospective approach 
without restatement of prior reporting periods.  The Fund expects to apply the recognition exemption for short-term leases.  
Other practical expedients available under the guidance are still being evaluated.   

Since  many  of  the  Fund’s  leases  are  denominated  in  U.S.  dollars,  there  will  be  additional  volatility  in  foreign  exchange 
amounts recognized due to the revaluation to the rate of exchange in effect at the date of the statement of financial position. 

CERTIFICATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS 

Management’s responsibility for financial information contained in this Annual Report is described on page 49.  In addition, 
the  Fund’s  Audit  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  has  reviewed  this  Annual  Report,  and  the  Board  of  Trustees  has 
reviewed and approved this  Annual  Report  prior to its  release.    The  Fund  is committed  to providing  timely,  accurate and 
balanced disclosure of all material information about the Fund and to providing fair and equal access to such information.  
As of December 31, 2018, the Fund’s management evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure 
controls  and  procedures,  as  defined  under  the  rules  adopted  by  the  Canadian  securities  regulatory  authorities.    Disclosure 
controls  are  procedures  designed  to  ensure  that  information  required  to  be  disclosed  in  reports  filed  with  securities 
regulatory  authorities  is  recorded,  processed,  summarized  and  reported  on  a  timely  basis,  and  is  accumulated  and 
communicated  to  the  Fund’s  management,  including  the  CEO  and  the  CFO,  as  appropriate,  to  allow  timely  decisions 
regarding required disclosure.  

The Fund’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, does not expect that the Fund’s disclosure controls will prevent 
or detect all misstatements due to error or fraud.  Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, an evaluation of 
33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
controls can provide only reasonable, not absolute assurance, that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, 
within the Fund have been detected.  The Fund is continually evolving and enhancing its systems of controls and procedures.  
Based on the evaluation of disclosure controls, the CEO and the CFO have concluded that, subject to the inherent limitations 
noted above, the Fund’s disclosure controls are effective in ensuring that material information relating to the Fund is made 
known to management on a timely basis, and is fairly presented in all material respects in this Annual Report. 

CERTIFICATION ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING 

Management is responsible for the design and effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in order to provide 
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external 
purposes in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles which incorporates International Financial 
Reporting Standards for publicly accountable enterprises.  The Fund’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, does 
not expect that the Fund’s  internal control over financial reporting  will prevent or detect all  misstatements due to error or 
fraud.  Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, an evaluation of controls can provide only reasonable, not 
absolute assurance, that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, within the Fund have been detected.  The 
Fund is continually evolving and enhancing its systems of internal controls over financial reporting.   The CEO and CFO of 
the Fund have evaluated the design and effectiveness of the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting as at the end of 
the period covered by the annual filings and have concluded that, subject to the inherent limitations noted above, the controls 
are sufficient to provide reasonable assurance.     

In  addition,  during  the  fourth  quarter  of  2018,  there  have  been  no  changes  in  the  Fund’s  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Fund’s internal control over financial 
reporting.    

BUSINESS RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

The  following  information  is  a  summary  of  certain  risk  factors  relating  to  the  business  of  the  Fund  and  Boyd,  and  is 
qualified in its entirety by reference to, and must be read in conjunction with, the detailed information appearing elsewhere 
in this Annual Report and the documents incorporated by reference herein.   

The Fund and the Company are subject to certain risks inherent in the operation of the business.  The Fund manages risk and 
risk exposures through a  combination of  management  oversight, insurance, its system  of internal controls  and  disclosures 
and sound operating policies and practices. 

The Board of Trustees has the responsibility to identify the principal risks of the Fund’s business and ensure that appropriate 
systems are in place to  manage  these risks.   The  Audit  Committee  has  the  responsibility to discuss  with  management the 
Fund's major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures, including 
the Fund's risk assessment and risk management policies.  In order to support these responsibilities, management has a risk 
and sustainability management committee which meets on an ongoing basis to evaluate and assess the Fund’s risks.   

The  process  being  followed  by  the  risk  and  sustainability  management  committee  is  a  systematic  one  which  includes 
identifying  risks;  analyzing  the  likelihood  and  consequence  of  risks;  and  then  evaluating  risks  as  to  risk  tolerance  and 
control effectiveness.  This approach stratifies risks into four risk categories as follows: 

Extreme Risks:   

Immediate/ongoing action is required – involvement of senior management is required.  Avoidance of 
the item may be necessary if risk reduction techniques are insufficient to address the risk. 

High Risks:   

Risk item is significant and management responsibility should be specified and appropriate action 
taken.   

Moderate Risks:  

Managed by specific monitoring or response procedures.  Additional risk mitigation techniques could 
be considered if benefits exceed the cost. 

Low Risks:   

Managed by routine procedures.  No further action is required at this time.  

Risks can be reduced by limiting the likelihood or the consequence of a particular risk.  This can be achieved by adjusting 
the  Company’s  activities,  implementing  additional  control/monitoring  processes,  or  insuring/hedging  against  certain 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
outcomes.  Residual risk remains after mitigation and control techniques are applied to an identified risk.  Awareness of the 
residual risk that the Fund ultimately accepts is a key benefit of the risk management process.  

The following describes the risks that are most material to the Fund’s business; however, this is not a complete list of the 
potential risks the Fund faces.  There may be other risks that the Fund is not aware of, or risks that are not material today 
that could become material in the future. 

Dependence on The Boyd Group Inc. and its Subsidiaries 

The  Fund  is  an  unincorporated  open-ended,  limited  purpose  mutual  fund  trust  which  is  entirely  dependent  upon  the 
operations  and  assets  of  the  Company  through  the  Fund’s  ownership  of  the  Notes,  Class  I  and  Class  IV  shares  of  the 
Company.  Accordingly, the Fund’s ability to make cash distributions to the unitholders will be dependent upon the ability 
of the Company and its subsidiaries to pay its interest and  principle obligations  under the Notes and to declare dividends, 
return capital, or make other distributions. 

Operational Performance 

In order to compete in the market place, the Company must consistently meet the operational performance metrics expected 
by  its  insurance  company  clients  and  its  customers.    Failing  to  deliver  on  metrics  such  as  cycle  time,  quality  of  repair, 
customer  satisfaction  and  cost  of  repair  can,  over  time,  result  in  reductions  to  pricing,  repair  volumes,  or  both.      The 
Company  has implemented  processes  as  well  as  measuring and  monitoring  systems  to  assist it  in  delivering on  these key 
metrics.  However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to deliver on these metrics or that 
the metrics themselves will not change in the future. 

Acquisition Risk 

The  Company  plans  to  continue  to  increase  revenues  and  earnings  through  the  acquisition  of  additional  collision  repair 
facilities  and  other  businesses.    The  Company  follows  a  detailed  process  of  due  diligence  and  approvals  to  limit  the 
possibility of acquiring a non-performing location or business.  However, there can be no assurance that the Company will 
be able to find suitable acquisition targets at acceptable pricing levels without incurring cost overruns, or that the locations 
acquired will achieve sales and profitability levels to justify the Company’s investment.   

Boyd views the United States and Canada as having significant potential for further expansion of its business.  There can be 
no assurance that any market for the Company’s services and products will develop either at the local, regional or national 
level.  Economic instability, laws and regulations, increasing acquisition valuations and the presence of competition in all or 
certain jurisdictions may limit the Company’s ability to successfully expand operations.  

The  Company  has  grown  rapidly  since  2009,  through  multi-location  acquisitions  as  well  as  single  location  growth 
opportunities. Rapid growth can put a strain on managerial, operational, financial, human and other resources. Risks related 
to  rapid  growth  include  administrative  and  operational  challenges  such  as  the  management  of  an  expanded  number  of 
locations,  the  assimilation  of  financial  reporting  systems,  technology  and  other  systems  of  acquired  companies,  increased 
pressure  on  senior  management  and  increased  demand  on  systems  and  internal  controls.  The  ability  of  the  Company  to 
manage  its  operations  and  expansion  effectively  depends  on  the  continued  development  and  implementation  of  plans, 
systems and controls that  meet its operational,  financial and management  needs. If Boyd is  unable to continue  to develop 
and implement these plans, systems or controls or otherwise manage its operations and growth effectively, the Company will 
be unable to maintain or increase margins or achieve sustained profitability, and the business could be harmed. 

A  key element of the Company’s  strategy  is to  successfully  integrate  acquired businesses in order  to  sustain  and enhance 
profitability.  There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to profitably integrate and manage additional repair 
facilities.    Successful  integration  can  depend  upon  a  number  of  factors,  including  the  ability  to  maintain  and  grow  DRP 
relationships,  the  ability  to  retain  and  motivate  certain  key  management  and  staff,  retaining  and  leveraging  client  and 
supplier  relationships  and  implementing  standardized  procedures  and  best  practices.    In  the  event  that  any  significant 
acquisition cannot be successfully integrated into Boyd’s operations or performs below expectations, the business could be 
materially and adversely affected.   

To the extent that the prior owners of businesses acquired by Boyd failed to comply with or otherwise violated applicable 
laws,  the  Company,  as  the  successor  owner,  may  be  financially  responsible  for  these  violations  and  any  associated 
undisclosed liability.  The Company seeks, through systematic investigation and due diligence, and through indemnification 
35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
by former owners, to minimize the risk of material undisclosed liabilities associated with acquisitions.  The discovery of any 
material liabilities, including but not limited to tax, legal and environmental liabilities, could have a material adverse effect 
on the Company’s business, financial condition and future prospects.   

Employee Relations and Staffing 

Boyd currently employs approximately 8,568 people, of which 1,479 are in Canada and 7,089 are in the U.S.   The current 
work  force  is  not  unionized,  except  for  approximately  51  employees  located  in  the  U.S.  who  are  subject  to  collective 
bargaining  agreements.    The  automobile  collision  repair  industry  typically  experiences  high  employee  turnover  rates.    A 
shortage of qualified employees can impact the volume and pace at which collision repair shops can fix damaged vehicles.  
Although  the  Company  believes  that  it  is  on  good  terms  with  its  employees,  there  are  no  assurances  that  a  disruption  in 
service would not occur as a result of employee unrest or employee turnover.  The collision repair industry is experiencing 
significant  competition  for  talent,  and,  in  particular,  a  limited  pool  of  qualified  technicians.  There  is  no  guarantee  that  a 
significant work disruption or the inability to maintain, replace or grow staff levels would not have a material effect on the 
Company. 

Attracting, training, developing and retaining employees at all levels of the organization is required to effectively manage 
Boyd’s operations. The Company has rolled out various retention and recruitment initiatives to mitigate this risk.  Failure to 
attract,  train,  develop  and  retain  employees  at  all  levels  of  the  organization  could  lead  to  a  lack  of  knowledge,  skills  and 
experience required to effectively manage the business and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, 
financial condition and future performance.   

Brand Management and Reputation 

The Company’s success is  impacted by its ability to protect,  maintain and enhance the  value of its brands and reputation.  
Brand value and reputation can be damaged by isolated incidents, particularly if the incident receives considerable publicity 
or  if  it  draws  litigation.    Incidents  may  occur  as  a  result  of  events  beyond  the  Company’s  control  or  may  be  isolated  to 
actions that occur in one particular location.  Demand for the Company’s services could diminish significantly if an incident 
or  other  matter  damages  its  brand  or  erodes  the  confidence  of  its  insurance  company  clients  or  directly  with  the  vehicle 
owners  themselves.    With  the  advent  of  the  Internet  and  the  evolution  of  social  media  there  is  an  increased  ability  for 
individuals  to  adversely  affect  the  brand  and  reputation  of  the  Company.    There  can  be  no  assurance  that  past  or  future 
incidents will not negatively affect the Company’s brand or reputation. 

Market Environment Change 

The  collision  repair  industry  is  subject  to  continual  change  in  terms  of  regulations,  repair  processes  and  equipment, 
technology  and  changes  in  the  strategic  direction  of  clients,  suppliers  and  competitors.    The  Company  endeavors  to  stay 
abreast of developments and preferences in the industry and make strategic decisions to manage through these changes and 
potential disruptions to the traditional business model.  In certain situations, the Company is involved in leading change by 
anticipating  or  developing  new  methods  to  address  changing  market  needs.    The  Company  however,  may  not  be  able  to 
correctly anticipate the need for change, may not effectively implement changes, or may be required to increase spending on 
capital  equipment  to  maintain  or  improve  its  relative  position  with  competitors.  There  can  be  no  assurance  that  market 
environment changes will not occur that could negatively affect the financial performance of the Company. 

Reliance on Technology 

As is the case with most businesses in today’s environment, there is a risk associated with Boyd’s reliance on computerized 
operational and reporting systems.  Boyd makes reasonable efforts to ensure that back-up systems and redundancies are in 
place  and  functioning  appropriately.    Boyd  has  disaster  recovery  programs  to  protect  against  significant  system  failures.  
Although a computer system failure would not be expected to critically damage the Company in the long term, there can be 
no assurance that a computer system crash or like event would not have a material impact on its financial results. Reliance 
on technology in order to gain or maintain competitive advantage is becoming more significant and therefore the Company 
is faced with determining the appropriate level of investment in new technology in order to be competitive.  There can be no 
assurance that the Company will correctly identify or successfully implement the appropriate technologies for its operations. 

Increased reliance on computerized operational and reporting systems also results in increased cyber security risk, including 
potential  unauthorized  access  to  customer,  supplier  and  employee  sensitive  information,  corruption  or  loss  of  data  and 
release  of  sensitive  or  confidential  information.  Disruptions  due  to  cyber  security  incidents  could  aversely  affect  the 
36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
business, results of operations and financial condition.  Cyber security incidents could result in operational delays, disruption 
to  work  flow  and  reputational  harm.    There  can  be no  assurance  that  Boyd  will  be  able  to  anticipate,  prevent  or  mitigate 
rapidly evolving types of cyber-attacks. 

Foreign Currency Risk 

In the past, the Company has financed acquisitions of U.S. businesses in part by making U.S. denominated loans available 
under its credit facilities that could then be serviced and repaid from anticipated future U.S. earnings streams.  Although this 
natural  hedging  strategy  is  partially  effective  in  mitigating  future  foreign  currency  risks,  a  substantial  portion  of  Boyd’s 
revenue and cash flow are now, and are expected to continue to be, generated in U.S. dollars.  Fluctuations in exchange rates 
between the Canadian dollar and the U.S. currency may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s reported earnings 
and cash flows and its ability to make future Canadian dollar cash distributions.  Fluctuations in the exchange rates between 
the Canadian dollar and the U.S. currency may also have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s unit price.   

There can be no assurance that fluctuations in the U.S dollar relative to the Canadian dollar can be hedged effectively for 
long periods of time and there can be no assurances given that any currency hedges or partial hedges in place would remain 
effective in the future. 

Loss of Key Customers 

A  high  percentage  of  the  Company’s  revenues  are  derived  from  insurance  companies.    Over  the  past  25+  years,  many 
private  insurance  companies  have  implemented  DRP’s  with  collision  repair  operators  who  have  been  recognized  as 
consistent high quality, performance based repairers in the industry.  The Company’s ability to continue to grow its business, 
as well as maintain existing business volume and pricing, is largely reliant on its ability to maintain these DRP relationships.  
The  Company  continues  to  develop  and  monitor  these  relationships  through  ongoing  measurement  of  the  success  factors 
considered critical by insurance clients.  The loss of any existing material DRP relationship, or a material component of a 
significant DRP relationship, could have a material adverse effect on Boyd’s operations and business prospects.  Of the top 
five  non-government  owned  insurance  companies  that  the  Company  deals  with,  which  in  aggregate  account  for 
approximately 40% (2017 – 44%) of total sales, one insurance company represents approximately 13% (2017 – 14%)  of the 
Company’s total sales, while a second insurance company represents approximately 11% (2017 – 13%). 

DRP  relationships  are  governed  by  agreements  that  are  usually  cancellable  upon  short  notice.    These  relationships  can 
change quickly, both in terms of pricing and volumes, depending upon collision repair shop performance, cycle time, cost of 
repair,  customer  satisfaction,  competition,  insurance  company  management,  program  changes  and  general  economic 
activity.    To  mitigate  this  risk,  management  fosters  close  working  relationships  with  its  insurance  company  clients  and 
customers and the Company continually seeks to diversify and grow its client base both in Canada and the U.S.  There can 
be no assurance given that relationships  with insurance company clients will not change in the future, which could impair 
Boyd’s revenues and result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. 

Decline in Number of Insurance Claims 

The  automobile  collision  repair  industry  is  dependent  on  the  number  of  accidents  which  occur  and,  for  the  most  part, 
become repairable insurance claims.  The volume of accidents and related insurance claims can be significantly impacted by 
technological disruption and changes in technology such as ride sharing, collision avoidance systems, driverless vehicles and 
other safety improvements made to vehicles.  Other changes which have and can continue to affect insurance claim volumes 
include, but are not limited to, weather, general economic conditions, unemployment rates, changing demographics, vehicle 
miles  driven,  new  vehicle  production,  insurance  policy  deductibles,  auto  insurance  premiums,  photo  radar  and  graduated 
licensing.    In  addition,  repairable  claims  volumes  have  been  and  can  continue  to  be  impacted  by  an  increased  number  of 
non-repairable  claims  or  “write-offs”.    There  can  be  no  assurance  that  a  significant  decline  in  insurance  claims  will  not 
occur, which could impair Boyd’s revenues and result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. 

Margin Pressure and Sales Mix Changes 

The Company’s costs to repair vehicles, including the cost of parts, materials and labour are market driven and can fluctuate 
either  suddenly  or  over  time.    Increasing  vehicle  complexity  due  to  advances  in  technology  may  also  increase  the  cost 
associated with vehicle repair.  The Company is not always able to pass these cost increases on to end users in the form of 
higher  selling  prices  to  its  customers  and/or  its  insurance  company  clients.    As  a  result,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that 
increases  in  the  costs  to  repair  vehicles  will  ultimately  be  recoverable  from  its  insurance  company  clients  and  customers. 
37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
While negotiations with insurance companies and other influencing factors over time can result in selling price increases, the 
timing  and  extent  of  such  increases  is  not  determinable.  In  addition,  some  DRP  relationships  contain  performance  based 
pricing, which can impact margins.  There can be no assurance that increases in the costs to repair vehicles will ultimately be 
recoverable from the Company’s clients or customers. 

The Company’s margin is also impacted by the mix of collision repair, retail glass and glass network sales as well as the mix 
of parts, labour and materials within each business area.  There can be no assurance that changes to sales mix will not occur 
that could negatively impact the financial performance of the Company. 

The Company currently makes its own part sourcing decisions for parts used in the provision of vehicle repair services.  The 
Company’s clients could, in the future, decide to source products directly, impose the use of certain parts suppliers on the 
Company or otherwise change the parts sourcing process.  Such a decision could have an adverse effect on the Company’s 
margin.   

Weather Conditions 

The  effect  of  weather  conditions  on  collision  repair  volume  represents  an  element  of  risk  to  the  Company’s  ability  to 
maintain  sales.    Historically,  extremely  mild  winters  and  dry  weather  conditions  have  had  a  negative  impact  on  collision 
repair  sales  volumes.    Natural  disasters  resulting  in  business  interruption  could  also  negatively  impact  the  Company’s 
operations.    Climate  change  has  increased  the  frequency  and  severity  of  natural  disasters  and  extreme  weather  condition 
events.  Even with market share gains, weather-related decline in market size can result in sales declines which could have a 
material impact on the Company’s business.  Business interruption due to natural disasters and extreme weather condition 
events may result in store closures, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.   

Competition 

The collision repair industry in North America, estimated at approximately $30 to $40 billion U.S. is very competitive.  The 
main  competitive  factors  are  price,  service,  quality,  customer  satisfaction  and  adherence  to  various  insurance  company 
processes  and  performance  requirements.    There  can  be  no  assurance  that  Boyd’s  competitors  will  not  achieve  greater 
market acceptance due to pricing or other factors.   

Although  competition  exists  mainly  on  a  regional  basis,  Boyd  competes  with  a  small  number  of  other  multi-location 
collision repair operators in multiple markets in which it operates.   

Given  these  industry  characteristics,  existing  or  new  competitors,  including  other  automotive-related  businesses,  may 
become significantly larger and have greater financial and marketing resources than Boyd.  The recent merger of two of the 
four largest multi-location collision repair operators has resulted in a combined entity that is twice the current size of Boyd 
in terms of revenues.  Competitors  may compete  with Boyd in rendering services in the  markets in which Boyd currently 
operates  and  also  in  seeking  existing  facilities  to  acquire,  or  new  locations  to  open,  in  markets  in  which  Boyd  desires  to 
expand.  There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain or achieve its desired market share. 

Access to Capital 

The Company grows, in part, through future acquisitions or start-up of collision and glass repair and replacement businesses.  
There  can  be  no  assurance  that  Boyd  will  have  sufficient  capital  resources  available  to  implement  its  growth  strategy.  
Inability to raise new capital, in the form of debt or equity, could limit Boyd’s future growth through acquisition or start-up.   

The Company will endeavour, through a variety of strategies, to ensure in advance that it has sufficient capital for growth.  
Potential sources of capital that the Company has been successful at accessing in the past include public and private equity 
placements, convertible debt offerings, using equity securities to directly pay for a portion of acquisitions, capital available 
through  strategic  alliances  with  trading  partners,  capital  lease  financing,  seller  financing  and  both  senior  and  subordinate 
debt facilities or by deferring possible future purchase price payments using contingent consideration and call or put options.  
There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in accessing these or other sources of capital in the future. 

The Company and its subsidiaries use financial leverage through the use of debt, which have debt service obligations.  The 
Company’s ability to refinance or to make scheduled payments of interest or principal on its indebtedness will depend on its 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
future operating performance and cash flow, which are subject to prevailing economic conditions, prevailing interest rates, 
and financial, competitive, business and other factors, many of which are beyond its control. 

The  Company’s  revolving  credit  facilities  contain  restrictive  covenants  that  limit  the  discretion  of  the  Company’s 
management  and  the  ability  of  the  Company  to  incur  additional  indebtedness,  to  make  acquisitions  of  collision  repair 
businesses, to create liens or other encumbrances, to pay dividends and fund distributions, to redeem any equity or debt, or 
to  make  investments,  capital  expenditures,  loans  or  guarantees  and  to  sell  or  otherwise  dispose  of  assets  and  merge  or 
consolidate  with  another  entity.    In  addition,  the  revolving  credit  facilities  contain  a  number  of  financial  covenants  that 
require the Fund and its subsidiaries to meet certain financial ratios and financial condition tests.  A failure to comply with 
the obligations under these credit facilities could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could permit 
acceleration  of  the  relevant  indebtedness.    If  the  indebtedness  were  to  be  accelerated,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the 
assets  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  would  be  sufficient  to  repay  the  indebtedness  in  full.    There  can  also  be  no 
assurance  that  the  Company  will  be  able  to  refinance  the  credit  facilities  as  and  when  they  mature.    The  revolving  credit 
facility is secured by the assets of the Company.  

Dependence on Key Personnel 

The success of the  Company  is  dependent  on the  services  of a  number  of  members of  management.    The experience and 
talent of these individuals is a significant factor in Boyd’s continued success and growth.  The loss of one or more of these 
individuals could  have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business operations and prospects.  The Company has 
entered into management agreements with key members of management in order to mitigate this risk.   

Tax Position Risk 

The Fund and its subsidiaries account for income tax positions in accordance  with accounting standards for income taxes, 
which require that the Company recognize in the financial statements, the impact of a tax position, if that position is more 
likely than not of being sustained on examination by taxation authorities, based on the technical merits of the position.  

Inherent risks and uncertainties can arise over tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, with respect to matters including 
but not limited to acquisitions, transfer pricing, inter-company charges and allocations, financing charges, fees, related party 
transactions, tax credits, tax based incentives and stock based transactions. Management uses tax experts to assist the Fund 
in correctly applying and accounting for the tax rules, however there can be no assurance that a position taken will not be 
challenged by the taxation authorities that could result in an unexpected material financial obligation. 

Expenses  incurred  by  the  Fund  are  only  deductible  to  the  extent  they  are  reasonable.  There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the 
taxation authorities will not challenge the reasonableness of certain expenses. If such a challenge were successful against the 
Fund, it may materially and adversely affect the distributable cash flow of the Fund. Management of the Fund believes the 
expenses inherent in the structure of the Fund are supportable and reasonable in the circumstances. 

The Units  will cease to be qualified investments  for a  Registered Plan  under  the  Tax  Act  unless the  Units  are listed on a 
“designated stock exchange” (as defined in the Tax Act) or the Company qualifies as a “mutual fund trust” (as defined in the 
Tax Act). 

Securities received from the Company as a result of a redemption of Units may not be qualified investments for a Registered 
Plan, which may result in adverse tax consequences for the Registered Plan and the annuitant under, or the holder of, the 
Registered Plan. 

There  can  be  no  assurance  that  additional  changes  to  the  taxation  of  income  trust  or  corporations  or  changes  to  other 
government laws, rules and regulations, either in  Canada or the U.S.,  will not be undertaken which could have a material 
adverse effect on the Fund’s unit price and business. There can be no assurance the Fund will benefit from these rules, that 
the rules will not change in the future or that the Fund will avail itself of them. 

Quality of Corporate Governance 

Securities law imposes statutory civil liability for misrepresentations in continuous disclosure documents including failure to 
make timely disclosure. Investors have a right of action if they are harmed by a misrepresentation in an issuer’s disclosure 
document or in a public oral statement relating to an issuer, or the failure of an issuer to make timely disclosure of a material 
change.    Potentially  liable  parties  include  the  issuer,  each  officer  or  Trustee  of  the  issuer  who  authorizes,  permits  or 
39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
acquiesces in the release of the document containing a  misrepresentation, the making of the public statement containing a 
misrepresentation or in the failure to make a timely disclosure. 

Under the Ontario Securities Act, section 138.4(6), a due diligence defense is available. The due diligence defense requires 
the following items to be addressed: 

 
 
 

the issuer must have a system designed to ensure the issuer is meeting its disclosure obligations;  
the defendant must have conducted a reasonable investigation to support reliance on the system; and  
defendants  must  have  no  reasonable  grounds  to  believe  that  the  document  or  a  public  oral  statement  contained  a 
misrepresentation or that the failure to make the required disclosure would occur.  

The  Fund  is  keenly  aware  of  the  significance  of  these  laws  and  the  interrelationships  between  civil  liability,  disclosure 
controls and good governance.  The Fund has adopted policies, practices and processes to reduce the risk of a governance or 
control  breakdown.    A  statement  of  the  Fund’s  governance  practices  is  included  in  the  Fund’s  most  recent  information 
circular which can be found at www.sedar.com.  Although the Fund believes it follows good corporate governance practices, 
there can be no assurance that these practices will eliminate or mitigate the impact of a material lawsuit in this area. 

The area of governance is growing to encompass not only traditional governance matters, but also environmental and social 
matters.    This  area  is  often  referred  to  as  Environmental,  Social  and  Governance,  or  “ESG”.    Increased  awareness  and 
attention  by  investors  to  ESG  matters  means  that  the  Company  needs  to  become  more  transparent  in  developing  and 
reporting on ESG initiatives and increase or add ESG initiatives where there are significant gaps.  The Fund is developing 
and  enhancing  ESG  reporting  and  initiatives  and  during  2018  has  adopted  policies  on  reporting  and  anti-retaliation, 
occupational health and safety, non-discrimination, human rights, diversity and anti-corruption, which are available on the 
Boyd website at www.boydgroup.com. 

Economic Downturn  

Historically the auto collision repair industry has proven to be resilient to economic downturns along with the accompanying 
unemployment,  and  while  the  Company  works  to  mitigate  the  effect  of  economic  downturn  on  its  operations,  economic 
conditions,  which  are  beyond  the  Company’s  control,  could  lead  to  a  decrease  in  accident  repair  claims  volumes  due  to 
fewer miles driven or due to vehicle owners being less inclined to have their vehicles repaired. It is difficult to predict the 
severity and the duration of any decrease in claims volumes resulting from an economic downturn and the accompanying 
unemployment and what affect it may have on the auto collision repair industry, in general, and the financial performance of 
the Company in particular. There can be no assurance that an economic downturn would not negatively affect the financial 
performance of the Company. 

Increased Government Regulation and Tax Risk 

The Fund, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to various federal, provincial, state and local laws, regulations and 
taxation  authorities.    Various  federal,  provincial,  state  and  local  agencies  as  well  as  other  governmental  departments 
administer such laws, regulations and their related rules and policies.  New laws governing the Fund or its business could be 
enacted or changes or amendments to existing laws and regulations could be enacted which could have a significant impact 
on Boyd.  For example, privacy legislation continues to evolve rapidly and tariff changes are being introduced with greater 
frequency.  The Fund utilizes the services of professional advisors in the areas of taxation, environmental, health and safety, 
labour and general business law to mitigate the risk of non-compliance.  Failure by the Fund to comply with the applicable 
laws, regulations or tax changes may subject it to civil or regulatory proceedings and no assurance can be given that this will 
not have a material impact on the Fund or its financial results. 

Canada, Maryland, Delaware and urban centers in Utah and California have regulations to limit emissions pollutants used in 
a  number  of  consumer  and  commercial  products  including  automotive  paint  and  coatings.    As  a  result,  the  automobile 
collision  repair  industry  in  those  regions  has  adapted  their  refinish  processes  and  equipment  to  waterborne  basecoat 
technology.  The Company also converts all new U.S. operations to waterborne basecoat technology and has converted all 
new locations since August 2009.  Although to date, there have been no negative consequences to this conversion there can 
be no assurance that conversion to this new technology or compliance with legislation will not have a material adverse affect 
on the Fund’s business or financial results. 

From time to time, the Fund has, and will continue to evaluate structuring alternatives.  In 2009, the Fund investigated and 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
evaluated its structuring alternatives in connection with the SIFT rules with a view of preserving and maximizing unitholder 
value.  Based upon its investigation, analysis and due diligence and given its size and circumstances, the Fund determined at 
that  time,  that  a  change  to  a  share  corporation  structure  would  not  be  advantageous  to  the  Fund  or  its  unitholders.    This 
determination was made based on several reasons.  First, the Fund did not believe it would achieve any net tax savings by 
converting.  Second, the Fund believed that the cost of conversion was not a prudent use of cash and was not justified by any 
perceived benefits from conversion for a fund of its size.  Third, to the extent that the Fund paid SIFT tax, it believed that its 
taxable unitholders would benefit from the lower tax rate on distributions received, as it was expected to be able to maintain 
distributions, despite  any  trust tax that  the Fund  would  incur.   Lastly, the Fund’s distributions to  unitholders  were funded 
almost entirely by  U.S. operations.  Fund distributions  that are sourced from  U.S. business earnings are not subject to the 
SIFT tax.  There can be no assurance that additional changes to the taxation of income trusts or corporations or changes to 
other  government  laws,  rules  and  regulations,  either  in  Canada  or  the  U.S.,  will  not  be  undertaken  which  could  have  a 
material adverse effect on the Fund’s  unit  price  and business.   There can  be no  assurance that  the Fund  will benefit  from 
these rules, that the rules will not change in the future or that the Fund will avail itself of them. 

Environmental, Health and Safety Risk  

The nature of the collision repair business means that hazardous substances must be used, which could cause damage to the 
environment or individuals if not handled properly.  The Company’s environmental protection policy requires environmental 
site assessments to be performed on all business locations prior to acquisition, start-up or relocation so that any existing or 
potential environmental situations can be remedied or otherwise appropriately addressed.  It is also Boyd’s practice to secure 
environmental  indemnification  from  landlords  and  former  owners  of  acquired  collision  repair  businesses,  where  such 
indemnification  is  available.    Boyd  also  engages  a  private  environmental  consulting  firm  to  perform  regular  compliance 
reviews to ensure that the Company’s environmental and health and safety policies are followed. 

To date, the Company has not encountered any environmental protection requirements or issues which would be expected to 
have a material financial or operational effect on its current business and it is not aware of any material environmental issues 
that could have a material impact on future results or prospects.  No assurance can be given, however, that the prior activities 
of Boyd, or its predecessors, or the activities of a prior owner or lessee, have not created a material environmental problem 
or  that  future  uses  or  evolving  regulations  will  not  result  in  the  imposition  of  material  environmental,  health  or  safety 
liability upon Boyd.  

Fluctuations in Operating Results and Seasonality 

The  Company’s  operating  results  have  been  and  are  expected  to  continue  to  be  subject  to  quarterly  fluctuations  due  to  a 
variety of factors including changes in customer purchasing patterns, pricing paid to insurance companies, general operating 
effectiveness,  automobile  technologies,  general  and  regional  economic  downturns,  unemployment  rates  and  weather 
conditions.  These factors can affect Boyd’s ability to fund ongoing operations and finance future activities.  

Risk of Litigation 

The Fund and its subsidiaries could become involved in various legal actions in the ordinary course of business. Litigation 
loss  accruals  may  be  established  if  it  becomes  probable  that  the  Fund  will  incur  an  expense  and  the  amount  can  be 
reasonably estimated. The  Fund’s  management and  internal  and  external  experts  are involved  in assessing the  probability 
and  in  estimating  any  amounts  involved.  Changes  in  these  assessments  may  lead  to  changes  in  recorded  loss  accruals. 
Claims are reviewed on a case by case basis, taking into consideration all information available to the Fund. 

The actual costs of resolving claims could be substantially higher or lower than the amounts accrued. In certain cases, legal 
claims may be covered under the Fund’s various insurance policies. 

Execution on New Strategies 

New initiatives are introduced from time to time in order to grow Boyd’s business.  Initiatives such as entering new markets, 
introducing  and  improving  related  products  and  services,  or  identifying  new  strategies  to  capture  additional  market  share 
have  the  potential  to  be  accretive  to  the  Company’s  business  when  the  opportunity  is  accurately  identified  and  executed.   
There can be no assurance that the Company identifies new strategies that are accretive to the business or that it is successful 
in implementing such initiatives. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Insurance Risk 

The  Fund  insures  its  property,  plant  and  equipment,  including  vehicles  through  insurance  policies  with  insurance  carriers 
located  in  Canada  and  the  U.S.    Included  within  these  policies  is  insurance  protection  against  property  loss  and  general 
liability.  The Fund also insures its directors and officers against liabilities arising from errors, omissions and wrongful acts.  
Management uses its knowledge, as well as the knowledge of experienced brokers, to ensure that insurable risks are insured 
appropriately  under  terms  and  conditions  that  would  protect  the  Fund  and  its  subsidiaries  from  losses.  There  can  be  no 
assurance that all perils would be fully covered or that a material loss would be recoverable under such insurance policies. 

Cash Distributions Not Guaranteed 

The  Fund  and  BGHI  receive  cash  in  the  form  of  interest  payments  on  the  Notes  and  dividends  from  the  Company  or  its 
subsidiaries.  The Fund and BGHI distribute the cash they receive, net of expenses and amounts reserved, to unitholders and 
Class A common shareholders respectively.  The actual amount of cash received and ultimately distributed by the Fund and 
BGHI in the future will depend upon numerous factors, including profitability, fluctuations in working capital, sustainability 
of  margins,  required  capital  expenditures,  the  need  to  maintain  productive  capacity,  required  funding  of  long-term 
contractual  obligations,  required  funding  to  meet  growth  targets,  repurchases  of  units,  restrictions  on  distributions  arising 
from compliance with financial debt covenants, taxation on income or on distributions and debt repayments expected to be 
funded  by  cash  flows  generated  from  operations.    There  can  be  no  assurance  regarding  the  amount  of  distributable  cash 
generated by the Company or its subsidiaries, and therefore no assurance as to the amount of cash which may be distributed 
by the Fund or BGHI in the future. 

Unitholder Limited Liability is Subject to Contractual and Statutory Assurances That May Have Some Enforcement 
Risks  

The  Declaration  of  Trust  provides  that  no  Unitholder  will  be  subject  to  any  liability  in  connection  with  the  Fund  or  its 
obligations and affairs and, in the event that a court determines Unitholders are subject to any such liabilities, the liabilities 
will be enforceable only against, and will be satisfied only out of, the Fund’s assets. 

However, there remains a risk, which is considered by the Fund to be remote in the circumstances, that a Unitholder could 
be held personally liable, despite such statement in the Declaration of Trust, for the obligations of the Fund to the extent that 
claims are not satisfied out of the assets of the Fund. 

Real Estate Management 

The  Fund  has  various  operating  lease  commitments,  primarily  in  respect  of  leased  premises  for  the  majority  of  repair 
locations.  Beginning January 1, 2019, the Fund will be required to bring most leases on-balance sheet through recognition 
of related assets and liabilities.  This  will have a significant impact on both the reported financial condition and results of 
operations of the Fund. 

Interest Rates 

The Company occasionally fixes the interest rate on its debt using interest rate swap contracts or other provisions available 
in its debt facilities.  There can be no guarantee that interest rate swaps or other contract terms that effectively turn variable 
rate debt into fixed rates will be an effective hedge against long-term interest rate fluctuations. 

The Company has not fixed interest rates within its revolving credit facility.  There can be no assurance that interest rates 
either in Canada or the U.S. will not increase in the future, which could result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s 
business. 

U.S. Health Care Costs and Workers Compensation Claims 

The  Fund  accrues  for  the  estimated  amount  of  U.S.  health  care  claims  and  workers  compensation  claims  that  may  have 
occurred but were not reported at the end of the reporting period under its health care and workers compensation plans.  The 
accruals  are  based  upon  the  Company’s  knowledge  of  current  claims  as  well  as  third  party  estimates  derived  from  past 
experience.   Significant claim occurrences  which  remain  unreported  for  a number of  months  could  materially impact this 
accrual.  In addition, as U.S health care costs increase, there can be no assurance given that the Company can continue to 
offer health care insurance to its employees at a reasonable cost.  
42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Low Capture Rates 

Sales  growth  can  be  enhanced  if  the  Company  is  effective  at  booking  repair  orders  for  all  sales  opportunities  that  are 
identified.    The  Company  is  exposed  to  missed  jobs  to  the  extent  employees  are  ineffective  at  capturing  all  sales 
opportunities.  Measurement of capture rates, management support and training are methods that are employed to enhance 
capture rates.  However, it is possible that the  Company  may not be able to capture sales effectively enough to  maximize 
sales. 

Energy Costs 

The  Company  is  exposed  to  fluctuations  in  the  price  of  energy.    These  costs  not  only  impact  the  costs  associated  with 
occupying and operating collision repair facilities but may also affect costs of parts and materials used in the repair process 
as well as miles driven by automobile owners.  There can be no assurance that escalating costs which cannot be offset by 
energy conservation practices, price increases to clients and customers or productivity gains, would not result in materially 
lower  operating  margins.    As  well,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  escalating  energy  costs  will  not  materially  reduce 
automobile miles driven and in turn reduce the number of collisions. 

Capital Expenditures 

The business of the Company requires ongoing capital maintenance. Moreover, opportunities may arise for capital upgrades 
providing returns or cost savings that may not be realized in the immediate future but, rather, over several years. As vehicle 
technology advances  and  market  needs  change,  the  capital  intensity of the  industry  is changing, requiring  expenditures in 
excess of historical capital maintenance levels. To the extent that capital expenditures are in excess of amounts budgeted, the 
amounts of cash available for distribution may decrease. 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

The Fund’s units trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbols TSX: BYD.UN.  Additional information relating 
to 
the  Company  website 
the  Boyd  Group 
(www.boydgroup.com). 

is  available  on  SEDAR 

(www.sedar.com)  and 

Income  Fund 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FORM 52-109F1 
CERTIFICATION OF ANNUAL FILINGS 
FULL CERTIFICATE 

I, Brock Bulbuck, Chief Executive Officer, Boyd Group Income Fund, certify the following: 

1.  Review:    I  have  reviewed  the  AIF,  if any,  annual  financial  statements  and  annual  MD&A,  including,  for  greater 
certainty,  all  documents  and  information  that  are  incorporated  by  reference  in  the  AIF  (together,  the  “annual 
filings”) of Boyd Group Income Fund (the “issuer”) for the financial year ended December 31, 2018. 

2.  No misrepresentations:  Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the annual filings do not 
contain  any  untrue  statement  of  a  material  fact  or  omit  to  state  a  material  fact  required  to  be  stated  or  that  is 
necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, for the period 
covered by the annual filings. 

3.  Fair presentation:  Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the annual financial statements 
together with the other financial information included in the annual filings fairly present in all material respects the 
financial  condition,  financial  performance  and  cash  flows  of  the  issuer,  as  of  the  date  of  and  for  the  periods 
presented in the annual filings. 

4.  Responsibility:    The  issuer’s  other  certifying  officer(s)  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining 
disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), as those terms are 
defined in National Instrument 52-109  Certification of  Disclosure  in Issuers’  Annual  and Interim  Filings, for the 
issuer. 

5.  Design:    Subject  to  the  limitations,  if  any,  described  in  paragraphs  5.2  and  5.3,  the  issuer’s  other  certifying 

officer(s) and I have, as at the financial year end  

(a) 

designed DC&P, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that 

(i) 

(ii) 

material information relating to the issuer is made known to us by others, particularly during the 
period in which the annual filings are being prepared; and 

information  required  to  be  disclosed  by  the  issuer  in  its  annual  filings,  interim  filings  or  other 
reports  filed  or  submitted  by  it  under  securities  legislation  is  recorded,  processed,  summarized 
and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and 

(b) 

designed  ICFR,  or  caused  it  to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance 
regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external 
purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP. 

5.1  Control framework:  The control framework the issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I used to design the issuer’s 
ICFR is the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (COSO 2013 Framework), published by The  Committee of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. 

5.2  ICFR – material weakness relating to design:  N/A 

5.3  Limitation on scope of design:  N/A    

6.  Evaluation:  The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have 

(a) 

(b) 

evaluated, or caused to be evaluated under our supervision, the effectiveness of the issuer’s DC&P at the 
financial  year  end  and  the  issuer  has  disclosed  in  its  annual  MD&A  our  conclusions  about  the 
effectiveness of DC&P at the financial year end based on that evaluation; and 

evaluated, or caused to be evaluated  under our supervision, the effectiveness of the issuer’s ICFR at the 
financial year end and the issuer has disclosed in its annual MD&A 

(i) 

our  conclusions  about  the  effectiveness  of  ICFR  at  the  financial  year  end  based  on  that 
evaluation; and 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(ii) 

N/A 

7.  Reporting changes in ICFR:  The issuer has disclosed in its annual MD&A any change in the issuer’s ICFR that 
occurred  during  the  period  beginning  on  October  1,  2018  and  ended  on  December  31,  2018  that  has  materially 
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s ICFR. 

8.  Reporting  to  the  issuer’s  auditors  and  board  of  directors  or  audit  committee:    The  issuer’s  other  certifying 
officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of ICFR, to the issuer’s auditors, and the board 
of  directors  or  the  audit  committee  of  the  board  of  directors  any  fraud  that  involves  management  or  other 
employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s ICFR. 

Date:  March 21, 2019 

 (signed)  

Brock Bulbuck  
Chief Executive Officer 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FORM 52-109F1 
CERTIFICATION OF ANNUAL FILINGS 
FULL CERTIFICATE 

I, Narendra Pathipati, Chief Financial Officer, Boyd Group Income Fund, certify the following: 

1.  Review:    I  have  reviewed  the  AIF,  if any,  annual  financial  statements  and  annual  MD&A,  including,  for  greater 
certainty,  all  documents  and  information  that  are  incorporated  by  reference  in  the  AIF  (together,  the  “annual 
filings”) of Boyd Group Income Fund (the “issuer”) for the financial year ended December 31, 2018. 

2.  No misrepresentations:  Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the annual filings do not 
contain  any  untrue  statement  of  a  material  fact  or  omit  to  state  a  material  fact  required  to  be  stated  or  that  is 
necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, for the period 
covered by the annual filings. 

3.  Fair presentation:  Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the annual financial statements 
together with the other financial information included in the annual filings fairly present in all material respects the 
financial  condition,  financial  performance  and  cash  flows  of  the  issuer,  as  of  the  date  of  and  for  the  periods 
presented in the annual filings. 

4.  Responsibility:    The  issuer’s  other  certifying  officer(s)  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining 
disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), as those terms are 
defined in National Instrument 52-109  Certification of  Disclosure  in Issuers’  Annual  and Interim  Filings, for the 
issuer. 

5.  Design:    Subject  to  the  limitations,  if  any,  described  in  paragraphs  5.2  and  5.3,  the  issuer’s  other  certifying 

officer(s) and I have, as at the financial year end  

(a) 

designed DC&P, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that 

(i) 

(ii) 

material information relating to the issuer is made known to us by others, particularly during the 
period in which the annual filings are being prepared; and 

information  required  to  be  disclosed  by  the  issuer  in  its  annual  filings,  interim  filings  or  other 
reports  filed  or  submitted  by  it  under  securities  legislation  is  recorded,  processed,  summarized 
and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and 

(b) 

designed  ICFR,  or  caused  it  to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance 
regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external 
purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP. 

5.1  Control framework:  The control framework the issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I used to design the issuer’s 
ICFR is the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (COSO 2013 Framework), published by The  Committee of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. 

5.2  ICFR – material weakness relating to design:  N/A 

5.3  Limitation on scope of design:  N/A    

6.  Evaluation:  The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have 

(a) 

(b) 

evaluated, or caused to be evaluated under our supervision, the effectiveness of the issuer’s DC&P at the 
financial  year  end  and  the  issuer  has  disclosed  in  its  annual  MD&A  our  conclusions  about  the 
effectiveness of DC&P at the financial year end based on that evaluation; and 

evaluated, or caused to be evaluated  under our supervision, the effectiveness of the issuer’s ICFR at the 
financial year end and the issuer has disclosed in its annual MD&A 

(i) 

our  conclusions  about  the  effectiveness  of  ICFR  at  the  financial  year  end  based  on  that 
evaluation; and 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(ii) 

N/A 

7.  Reporting changes in ICFR:  The issuer has disclosed in its annual MD&A any change in the issuer’s ICFR that 
occurred  during  the  period  beginning  on  October  1,  2018  and  ended  on  December  31,  2018  that  has  materially 
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s ICFR. 

8.  Reporting  to  the  issuer’s  auditors  and  board  of  directors  or  audit  committee:    The  issuer’s  other  certifying 
officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of ICFR, to the issuer’s auditors, and the board 
of  directors  or  the  audit  committee  of  the  board  of  directors  any  fraud  that  involves  management  or  other 
employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s ICFR. 

Date:  March 21, 2019 

(signed) 

Narendra Pathipati 
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Year Ended December 31, 2018 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  by  management  in  accordance  with  Canadian  generally 
accepted  accounting  principles.    Management  is  responsible  for  their  integrity,  objectivity  and  reliability,  and  for  the 
maintenance of financial and operating systems,  which include effective controls, to provide reasonable assurance that the 
Fund’s assets are safeguarded and that reliable financial information is produced. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  is  responsible  for  ensuring  that  management  fulfills  its  responsibilities  for  financial  reporting, 
disclosure control and internal control.  The Board exercises these responsibilities through its Audit Committee, all members 
of  which  are  not  involved  in  the  daily  activities  of  the  Fund.    The  Audit  Committee  meets  with  management  and,  as 
necessary,  with  the  independent  auditors,  Deloitte  LLP,  to  satisfy  itself  that  management’s  responsibilities  are  properly 
discharged and to review and report to the Board on the consolidated financial statements. 

In accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, the independent auditors conduct an examination each 
year in order to express a professional opinion on the consolidated financial statements. 

(signed)  

Brock Bulbuck 
Chief Executive Officer 

Winnipeg, Manitoba 
March 20, 2019 

(signed) 

Narendra Pathipati 
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deloitte LLP 
360 Main Street 
Suite 2300 
Winnipeg MB  R3C 3Z3 
Canada 

Tel: 1-204-942-0051 
Fax: 1-204-947-9390 
www.deloitte.ca 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

To the Unitholders of Boyd Group Income Fund  

Opinion 
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Boyd Group Income Fund and its subsidiaries 
(the “Fund”), which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2018 
and 2017, and the consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive earnings, changes in equity and 
cash flows for the years then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a 
summary of significant accounting policies (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). 

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Fund as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and its financial performance and its cash flows 
for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). 

Basis for Opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards (“Canadian 
GAAS”). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities 
for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Fund in 
accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in 
Canada, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We 
believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
opinion. 

Other Information 
Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises:  

●  Management’s Discussion and Analysis  

●  The information, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon, in the Annual 

Report.  

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any 
form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our 
responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other 
information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, 
or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  

We obtained Management’s Discussion and Analysis and the Annual Report prior to the date of this 
auditor’s report.  If, based on the work we have performed on this other information, we conclude that 
there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact in this 
auditor’s report. We have nothing to report in this regard.  

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Financial 
Statements 
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in 
accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the 
preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or 
error.

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Fund’s ability to 
continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the 
going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Fund or to cease 
operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Fund’s financial reporting process. 

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are 
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with Canadian GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it 
exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the 
basis of these financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian GAAS, we exercise professional judgment and maintain 
professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

● 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to 
fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit 
evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting 
a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may 
involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal 
control. 

●  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures 
that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the 
effectiveness of the Fund’s internal control.  

●  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 

estimates and related disclosures made by management. 

●  Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, 
based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or 
conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Fund’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we 
conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to 
the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our 
opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s 
report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Fund to cease to continue as a going 
concern. 

●  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the 

disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in 
a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

●  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or 
business activities within the Fund to express an opinion on the financial statements. We are 
responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely 
responsible for our audit opinion.

51 

 
 
 
 
 
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope 
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal 
control that we identify during our audit. 

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant 
ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other 
matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related 
safeguards. 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Michael Boucher. 

Chartered Professional Accountants 
Winnipeg, Manitoba 
March 20, 2019 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
As at December 31,
(thousands of Canadian dollars)

Assets
Current assets:

Cash 
Accounts receivable 
Income taxes recoverable
Inventory 
Prepaid expenses

Property, plant and equipment 
Deferred income tax asset
Intangible assets 
Goodwill 

Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities:

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Distributions and dividends payable 
Current portion of long-term debt 
Current portion of obligations under finance leases 
Non-controlling interest call liability 

Long-term debt 
Obligations under finance leases
Deferred income tax liability 
Exchangeable Class A common shares 
Unit based payment obligation 
Non-controlling interest put option and call liability

Equity
Accumulated other comprehensive earnings
Retained earnings (deficit)
Unitholders' capital
Contributed surplus 

2018

2017

Note

15

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

15

12

13

8

11, 15

16

15

19

20

21

$             

64,476
105,088
3,064
41,804
30,292

$               

47,831
104,545
6,662
27,011
25,294

244,724

253,103
-       
295,789
439,867

211,343

196,099
106
251,902
351,943

$        

1,233,483

$           

1,011,393

$           

267,991
902
16,390
3,846
13,651

$             

195,837
869
15,134
3,652
-      

302,780

271,769
4,561
39,882
21,549
14,936
6,905

662,382

77,637
14,038
475,424
4,002

215,492

242,842
5,269
26,302
20,218
40,185
21,242

571,550

38,810
(46,432)
443,463
4,002

571,101
1,233,483

$        

439,843
1,011,393

$           

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

Approved by the Board:

BROCK BULBUCK
Trustee

ALLAN DAVIS
Trustee

53 

 
 
 
 
 
             
               
                 
                  
               
                 
               
                 
 
             
               
             
               
                  
                     
             
               
             
               
 
                    
                     
               
                 
                 
                  
               
                   
 
             
               
             
               
                 
                  
               
                 
               
                 
               
                 
                 
                 
 
             
               
 
               
                 
               
               
             
               
                 
                  
 
             
               
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit amounts)

Balances - January 1, 2017

18,065,060

$           

306,261

$           

4,002

$                

65,560

$           

(95,285)

$         

280,538

Unitholders' Capital

Units

Amount

Contributed 
Surplus

Accumulated Other
Comprehensive 
Earnings

Retained
Earnings 
(Deficit)

Total Equity

Note

Issue costs (net of tax of $nil)
Units issued in connection with acquisition
Retractions 
Conversion and redemption of convertible debentures 

Other comprehensive loss
Net earnings

Comprehensive earnings

Distributions to unitholders 

Balances - December 31, 2017

Issue costs (net of tax of $nil)
Units issued from treasury in connection with options exercised
Retractions 

Other comprehensive earnings
Net earnings

Comprehensive earnings

Adjustment on adoption of IFRS 15 (net of tax of $1,804)
Distributions to unitholders 

15

11

16

15

2

11

537,872
3,798
907,134

(192)
51,716
355
85,323

(26,750)

(26,750)

58,435

58,435

(9,582)

(192)
51,716
355
85,323

(26,750)
58,435

31,685

(9,582)

19,513,864

$           

443,463

$           

4,002

$                

38,810

$           

(46,432)

$         

439,843

300,000
9,611

(101)
31,020
1,042

38,827

38,827

77,639

77,639

(6,731)
(10,438)

(101)
31,020
1,042

38,827
77,639

116,466

(6,731)
(10,438)

Balances - December 31, 2018

19,823,475

$           

475,424

$           

4,002

$                

77,637

$            

14,038

$         

571,101

The accom panying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

54 

 
 
 
 
 
          
                     
                  
              
                  
               
                  
                      
                    
              
                  
               
                       
              
                 
               
                       
                 
               
                 
                
          
                     
                  
              
                  
               
                  
                   
                 
                        
               
                 
               
                        
                 
              
                 
                
               
              
          
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
For the years ended December 31,
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit and per unit amounts)

Sales
Cost of sales

Gross profit

Operating expenses
Acquisition and transaction costs 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Amortization of intangible assets 
Fair value adjustments 
Finance costs

Earnings before income taxes

Income tax expense 

Current
Deferred

Net earnings  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

Basic earnings per unit 
Diluted earnings per unit 

Basic weighted average number of units outstanding
Diluted weighted average number of units outstanding

2018

2017

Note

24

$            

1,864,613
1,022,162

$              

1,569,448
851,075

842,451

669,068
4,298
34,067
17,674
4,787
10,283

740,177
102,274

12,143
12,492

24,635

718,373

572,738
2,149
28,057
13,608
8,167
16,505

641,224
77,149

16,130
2,584

18,714

$                 

77,639

$                  

58,435

$                   
$                   

3.944
3.785

$                    
$                    

3.160
2.808

19,684,337
19,856,163

18,489,781
18,714,443

7

9

14

8

8

29

29

29

29

BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS
For the years ended December 31,
(thousands of Canadian dollars)

Net earnings  

Other comprehensive earnings (loss)
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to Consolidated Statements of 
Earnings

Change in unrealized earnings on translating financial statements of 
     foreign operations  
Other comprehensive earnings (loss)

Comprehensive earnings 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

55 

2018

2017

$                 

77,639

$                  

58,435

19

38,827

(26,750)

$               

38,827
116,466

$                  

(26,750)
31,685

 
 
 
 
              
                  
                 
                  
                 
                  
                     
                      
                   
                    
                   
                    
                     
                      
                   
                    
 
                 
                  
                 
                    
                   
                    
                   
                      
 
                   
                    
            
              
            
              
 
 
                   
                   
                   
                   
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the years ended December 31,
(thousands of Canadian dollars)

Cash flows from operating activities

Net earnings
Items not affecting cash
Fair value adjustments 
Deferred income taxes
Amortization of discount on convertible debt
Amortization of intangible assets
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Other  

Changes in non-cash working capital items 

Cash flows (used in) from financing activities

Fund units issued from treasury 
     in connection with options exercised
Issue costs
Increase in obligations under long-term debt
Repayment of long-term debt 
Repayment of obligations under finance leases
Dividends and distributions paid
Payment to non-controlling interests
Payment of financing costs

Cash flows used in investing activities

Proceeds on sale of equipment and software
Equipment purchases and facility improvements
Acquisition and development of businesses
     (net of cash acquired)
Software purchases and licensing 

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash

Net increase (decrease) in cash position
Cash, beginning of year

Cash, end of year

Income taxes paid
Interest paid

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

56 

Note

14

9

7

30

16, 31

31

12, 31

12, 31

31

31

31

7

9

2018

2017

$                 

77,639

$                  

58,435

4,787
12,492
-       
17,674
34,067
(167)

146,492

34,023

180,515

876
(101)
67,799
(66,079)
(3,906)
(10,522)
-       
-       

(11,933)

565
(25,742)

(129,948)
(909)

(156,034)

4,097

16,645
47,831

8,167
2,584
5,657
13,608
28,057
98

116,606

3,066

119,672

-      
(192)
209,053
(53,212)
(4,349)
(9,618)
(221)
(859)

140,602

750
(23,133)

(240,155)
(416)

(262,954)

(3,004)

(5,684)
53,515

$                 

64,476

$                  

47,831

$                   
$                 

8,258
10,181

$                  
$                  

25,568
10,865

 
 
 
 
                     
                      
                   
                      
                     
                      
                   
                    
                   
                    
                      
                          
 
                 
                  
                   
                      
 
                 
                  
                        
                      
                      
                       
                   
                  
                 
                   
                   
                     
                 
                     
                     
                       
                     
                       
 
                 
                  
                        
                        
                 
                   
               
                 
                      
                       
 
               
                 
                     
                     
 
                   
                     
                   
                    
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

1.  GENERAL INFORMATION 

Boyd  Group  Income  Fund  (the  “Fund”  or  “BGIF”)  is  an  unincorporated,  open-ended  mutual  fund  trust  established 
under  the  laws  of  the  Province  of  Manitoba,  Canada  on  December  16,  2002.    It  was  established  for  the  purposes  of 
acquiring and holding a majority interest in The Boyd Group Inc. (the “Company”).  The Company is partially owned 
by  Boyd  Group  Holdings  Inc.  (“BGHI”),  which  is  controlled  by  the  Fund.    These  financial  statements  reflect  the 
activities of the Fund, the Company and all its subsidiaries including BGHI.   

The  Company’s  business  consists  of  the  ownership  and  operation  of  autobody/autoglass  repair  facilities  and  related 
services.  At the reporting date, the Company operated locations in five Canadian provinces under the trade name Boyd 
Autobody  &  Glass  and  Assured  Automotive,  as  well  as  in  25  U.S.  states  under  the  trade  name  Gerber  Collision  & 
Glass.  The Company uses newly acquired brand names during a transition period until acquired locations have been 
rebranded.  The Company is also a major retail auto glass operator in the U.S. with locations across 34 U.S. states under 
the  trade  names  Gerber  Collision  &  Glass,  Glass  America,  Auto  Glass  Service,  Auto  Glass  Authority  and 
Autoglassonly.com.    The  Company  also  operates  Gerber  National  Claim  Services  (“GNCS”),  which  offers  glass, 
emergency  roadside  and  first  notice  of  loss  services  with  approximately  5,500  glass  provider  locations  and  4,600 
Emergency Roadside Services provider locations throughout the U.S.  

The  units  of  the  Fund  are  listed  on  the  Toronto  Stock  Exchange  and  trade  under  the  symbol  “BYD.UN”.    The  head 
office and principal address of the Fund are located at 1745 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3H 1A6. 

The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 (including comparatives) were approved 
and authorized for issue by the Board of Trustees on March 20, 2019. 

2. 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

a)  Basis of presentation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Fund  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“IASB”).    These 
consolidated financial statements are presented in thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share 
amounts. 

b)  Revenue recognition 

The  Fund  has  adopted  IFRS  15  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  on  January  1,  2018  using  the  modified 
retrospective approach, which recognizes the cumulative effect of initial application as an adjustment to the opening 
balance of retained earnings (deficit) at January 1, 2018 without restatement of comparatives.  Beginning January 1, 
2018,  the  Fund  recognizes  revenue  upon  completion  and  delivery  of  the  repair  to  the  customer,  which  has  been 
determined to be the performance obligation that is distinct and the point at which control of the asset passes to the 
customer.  Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received.  Previously, revenue was recognized to 
the  extent  that  it  was  probable  that  the  economic  benefits  would  flow  to  the  Fund,  the  sales  price  was  fixed  or 
determinable  and  collectability  was  reasonably  assured.    As  a  result,  revenue  that  met  the  revenue  recognition 
criteria  under  the  prevailing  IAS  18  was  recognized  in  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017.    The  same  revenue; 
however,  would  not  have  met  the  recognition  criteria  under  IFRS  15.    As  such,  the  impact  on  the  consolidated 
financial statements as at January 1, 2018 is a decrease to opening retained earnings (deficit) of $6,731. 

c)  Inventory 

Inventory is valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.  Cost is determined on the first-in, first-out basis.  
Net  realizable  value  is  the  estimated  selling  price  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  less  any  applicable  selling 
expenses. 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

d)  Property, plant and equipment 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  assets  are  stated  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  accumulated  impairment 
losses.    The  cost  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  consists  of  the  purchase  price,  any  costs  directly 
attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for its intended use and an estimate of the costs 
of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.  

Depreciation  is  calculated  using  the  declining  balance  and  straight  line  rates  as  disclosed  in  the  property,  plant  and 
equipment note.  Leasehold improvements are amortized on the straight line basis over the period of estimated benefit. 

An item of property, plant and equipment is reclassified as  held  for sale or derecognized upon disposal, or  when no 
future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on disposal 
of the asset, determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, is 
recognized in the consolidated statement of earnings. 

The Fund conducts an annual assessment of the residual balances, useful lives and depreciation methods being used for 
property, plant and equipment and any changes arising from the assessment are applied by the Fund prospectively. 

e)  Consolidation 

The  financial  statements  of  the  Fund  consolidate  the  accounts  of  the  Fund  and  its  subsidiaries.  All  intercompany 
transactions,  balances  and  unrealized  gains  and  losses  from  intercompany  transactions  are  eliminated  on 
consolidation.  

Subsidiaries are those entities  which the Fund controls by  having the power to govern the financial and operating 
policies.  The  existence  and  effect  of  potential  voting  rights  that  are  currently  exercisable  or  convertible  are 
considered  when  assessing  whether  the  Fund  controls  another  entity.  Subsidiaries  are  fully  consolidated  from  the 
date on which control is obtained by the Fund and are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases. 

f)  Business combinations, goodwill and other intangible assets 

Acquisitions of subsidiaries and businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The cost of 
the acquisition is measured at the aggregate of the fair values (at the acquisition date) of assets transferred, liabilities 
incurred  or  assumed,  and  equity  instruments  issued  by  the  Fund  in  exchange  for  control  of  the  acquired  company. 
Acquisition  costs  are  expensed  as  incurred.  The  acquired  company’s  identifiable  assets  (including  previously 
unrecognized intangible assets), liabilities and contingent liabilities are recognized at their fair values at the acquisition 
date. 

Goodwill  represents  the  excess  of  the  cost  of  an  acquisition  over  the  fair  value  of  the  Fund’s  share  of  the  net 
identifiable  assets  of  the  acquired  subsidiary  at  the  date  of  acquisition.  Goodwill  is  carried  at  cost  less  accumulated 
impairment losses.  

Intangible assets are recognized only when it is probable that the expected future economic benefits attributable to the 
assets  will  accrue  to  the  Fund  and  the  cost  can  be  reliably  measured.  Intangible  assets  acquired  in  a  business 
combination are recorded at fair value. Intangible assets that do not have indefinite lives are amortized over their useful 
lives using an amortization method which reflects the economic benefit of the intangible asset. Customer relationships 
are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit of 20 years.  Contractual rights, which consist 
of  non-compete agreements, zoned property rights  and  favourable  lease  agreements, are  amortized  on a  straight-line 
basis over the term of the contract.  Computer software is amortized on a straight-line basis over periods of three and 
five years.  Brand names which the Company continues to use in the conduct of its business are considered indefinite 
life because their value is not expected to degrade over time.  To the extent the Company decides to discontinue the use 
of  a  certain  brand,  an  estimate  of  the  remaining  useful  life  is  made  and  the  intangible  asset  is  amortized  over  the 
remaining period. 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

g) 

Impairment of non-financial assets 

Property, plant and equipment and definite life intangible assets are tested for impairment when events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.  For the purpose of measuring recoverable 
amounts,  assets  are  grouped  at  the  lowest  levels  for  which  there  are  separately  identifiable  cash  inflows  (cash-
generating unit or “CGU”). The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value 
in use (being the present value of the expected future cash flows of the relevant asset or CGU). An impairment loss 
is recognized for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. 

Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment annually or at any time if an indicator of 
impairment exists.  As well, newly acquired goodwill is reviewed for impairment at the end of the year in which it 
was acquired. 

Goodwill acquired through a business combination is allocated to each CGU, or group of CGUs, that are expected to 
benefit  from  the  related  business  combination.  A  group  of  CGUs  represents  the  lowest  level  within  the  entity  at 
which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes, which is not higher than an operating segment. 
Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. 

The  Fund  evaluates  impairment  losses,  other  than  goodwill  impairment,  for  potential  reversals  when  events  or 
circumstances warrant such consideration. 

h)  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  include  cash  on  hand,  deposits  held  with  banks,  and  other  short-term  highly  liquid 
investments with original maturities of three months or less. 

i)   Income taxes 

Income  tax  comprises  current  and  deferred  tax.  Income  tax  is  recognized  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  earnings 
except to the extent that it relates  to items recognized directly in equity, in which case the income tax is recognized 
directly in equity.  

Current tax  is  the expected  tax  payable on the  taxable  income  for the  year, using tax  rates  enacted, or substantively 
enacted, at the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.  

In general, deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and 
liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined on a 
non-discounted  basis  using  tax  rates  and  laws  that  have  been  enacted  or  substantively  enacted  at  the  statement  of 
financial position date and are expected to apply when the deferred tax asset or liability is settled. Deferred tax assets 
are recognized to the extent that it is probable that the assets can be recovered.  

Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries except, in the case of 
subsidiaries, where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Fund and it is probable 
that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.  

j)   Unitholders’ capital 

Under IAS 32, a financial instrument that gives the holder the right to put the instrument back to the issuer for cash 
or another financial asset (a ‘puttable instrument’) is a financial liability, except for those instruments that meet the 
exceptions to be classified as equity instruments.  The trust units of the Fund meet the  puttable equity exceptions 
and therefore are classified as equity.   

The Fund’s declaration of trust allows a unitholder to tender their units for cash redemption.  This cash redemption 
right is restricted, at the Fund’s option, to an aggregate cash amount of $25 per month.  Historically, the Fund has 
not been asked to redeem units for cash.   

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

k)  Unit-Based compensation 

The Fund issues unit-based awards to certain employees in the form of unit options.  The unit options are financial 
liabilities since the units are ultimately puttable back to the Fund in exchange for cash.  The cost of cash-settled unit-
based  transactions  are  measured  at  fair  value  using  a  Black-Scholes  model  and  expensed  over  the  vesting  period 
with the recognition of a corresponding liability.  The liability is re-measured at each reporting date with changes in 
fair value recognized in earnings.      

l)  Earnings per unit  

Basic earnings per unit (EPU) is calculated by dividing the net earnings for the period attributable to equity owners of 
the Fund by the weighted average number of units outstanding during the period. 

Diluted EPU is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of units outstanding and corresponding earnings 
impact  for  dilutive  instruments.  The  Fund’s  dilutive  instruments  comprise  unit  options,  exchangeable  shares, 
convertible debentures and non-controlling interest put options and call liability.  The number of shares included with 
respect to unit options is computed using the treasury stock method. The exchangeable Class A shares are evaluated as 
to whether or not they are dilutive based on the effect on earnings per unit of eliminating the liability adjustment for the 
period and increasing the weighted average number of units outstanding for the units that would be exchanged for the 
Class  A shares.    The  dilutive  impact  of  the  convertible  debentures  and  non-controlling  interest  put  options  and  call 
liability is calculated using the “if converted” method.  

m) Foreign currency translation 

Items included in the financial statements of each subsidiary are measured using the currency of the primary economic 
environment  in  which  the  entity  operates  (the  “functional  currency”).    The  consolidated  financial  statements  are 
presented in Canadian dollars, which is the Fund’s functional currency.  The financial statements of entities that have a 
functional  currency  different  from  that  of  the  Fund  are  translated  into  Canadian  dollars.    Assets  and  liabilities  are 
translated into Canadian dollars at the closing rate of exchange prevailing at the statement of financial position dates 
and income and expense items are  translated  at  the  average  exchange  rate  during  the  period  (as this  is  considered a 
reasonable approximation to actual rates).  The adjustment arising from the translation of these accounts is recognized 
in other comprehensive earnings (loss) as cumulative translation adjustments.   

When  an  entity  disposes  of  its  entire  interest  in  a  foreign  operation,  or  loses  control,  joint  control,  or  significant 
influence over a foreign operation, the foreign currency gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive earnings 
(loss) related to the foreign operation are recognized in earnings. If an entity disposes of part of an interest in a foreign 
operation which remains a subsidiary, a proportionate amount of foreign currency gains or losses accumulated in other 
comprehensive  earnings  (loss)  related  to  the  subsidiary  are  reallocated  between  controlling  and  non-controlling 
interests. 

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates 
of  the  transactions.  Generally,  foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  resulting  from  the  settlement  of  foreign  currency 
transactions  and  from  the  translation  at  year-end  exchange  rates  of  monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in 
currencies other than an operation’s functional currency are recognized in earnings. 

n)  Financial instruments  

The Fund has adopted IFRS 9 Financial Instruments on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach.  
IFRS  9  includes  a  logical  model  for  classification  and  measurement,  a  single,  forward-looking  expected  loss 
impairment model and a substantially-reformed approach to hedge accounting.  The adoption of IFRS 9 has resulted 
in  changes  to  the  classification  of  the  Fund’s  financial  assets  but  has  not  changed  the  classification  of  the  Fund’s 
financial liabilities.   The carrying  values of  the Fund’s financial instruments  were  not impacted by  the adoption of 
IFRS 9. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

All financial assets previously classified as loans and receivables are now classified as amortized cost.  All financial 
liabilities  previously  classified  as  other  financial  liabilities  are  now  classified  as  amortized  cost.    There  were  no 
changes to the category of financial liabilities classified as fair value through profit or loss (“FVPL”). 

At  the  date  of  adoption,  the  application  of  IFRS  9  had  no  material  impact  on  the  Fund’s  consolidated  financial 
statements. 

Recognition 
Financial assets and liabilities are recognized  when the Fund  becomes  a  party to  the contractual provisions of the 
instrument.  

Classification 
Effective January 1, 2018, the Fund classifies its financial assets and liabilities in the following categories depending 
on the Fund’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows: 
  Those to be measured subsequently at fair value, either through profit or loss or through OCI, and 
  Those to be measured at amortized cost. 

Cash  and  accounts  receivable  are  classified  as  amortized  cost.  After  their  initial  fair  value  measurement,  they  are 
measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated 
lifetime expected credit losses. 

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, dividends and distributions payable, and long-term debt are classified as 
amortized  cost  and  are  net  of  any  related  financing  fees  or  issue  costs.  After  their  initial  fair  value  measurement, 
they are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.  

Derivative  contracts  including  the  non-controlling  interest  put  option  and  call  liability  are  classified  as  financial 
assets or financial liabilities at FVPL with mark-to-market adjustments being recorded to net earnings at each period 
end. 

As a result of the Fund’s units being redeemable for cash, the exchangeable Class A shares of the Fund’s subsidiary 
BGHI,  are  presented  as  financial  liabilities  and  classified  as  financial  assets  or  financial  liabilities  at  FVPL.  
Exchangeable Class A shares are measured at the market price of the units of Fund as of the statement of financial 
position date.      

Measurement 
At initial recognition, the Fund measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at 
fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  (FVPL),  transaction  costs  that  are  directly  attributable  to  the  acquisition  of  the 
financial asset.  Transaction costs of financial assets carried at FVPL are expensed in profit or loss. 

For those financial instruments where fair value is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 
the  methods  and  assumptions  used  to  develop  fair  value  measurements  have  been  classified  into  one  of  the  three 
levels of the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments: 

  Level 1 includes quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities 
  Level 2 includes inputs that are observable other than quoted prices included in Level 1 
  Level 3 includes inputs that are not based on observable market data 

o)  Non-controlling interests 

The  Company  accounts  for  transactions  where  a  non-controlling  interest  exists,  and  where  a  put  option  has  been 
granted to third parties under IFRS 10 whereby the non-controlling interest is initially recognized at fair value and then 
immediately derecognized  upon  the issuance  and  recognition of the  put option.    Differences  between  the put option 
liability recognized at fair value and the amount of any non-controlling interest derecognized is recognized directly in 
equity. 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

When there is no allocation of profit or loss to non-controlling partners, no non-controlling interest is recognized in the 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.  Distributions to non-controlling partners are recognized as an expense 
when paid or payable based on the distribution formula of the agreement. 

p)  Pensions and other post-retirement benefits 

The  Company  contributes  to  defined  contribution  pension  plans  of  employees.    Contributions  are  recognized  within 
operating  expenses  at  an  amount  equal  to  contributions  payable  for  the  period.    Any  outstanding  contributions  are 
recognized as liabilities within accrued liabilities. 

q)  Provisions 

Provisions are recognized when the Fund has a present legal or constructive obligation that has arisen as a result of a 
past event and it is probable that a future outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, provided that a 
reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. 

Provisions are measured at management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the end of 
the reporting period, and are discounted to present value where the effect is significant.  The increase in the provision 
due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost. 

r)  Segment reporting 

The  chief  operating  decision-maker  is  responsible  for  allocating  resources  and  assessing  performance  of  the 
operating segments and has been identified as the joint responsibility of the Chief Executive Officer of the Fund, the 
Chief Operating Officer and President of the Fund and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of 
the Fund.  

The Fund’s primary line of business is automotive collision and glass repair and related services, with the majority 
of revenues relating to this group of similar services. This line of business operates in Canada and the U.S. and both 
regions  exhibit  similar  long-term  economic  characteristics.    In  this  circumstance,  IFRS  requires  the  Company  to 
provide  specific  geographical  disclosure.    For  the  years  reported,  the  Company’s  revenues  were  derived  within 
Canada or the U.S. and all property, plant and  equipment, goodwill  and intangible  assets are located  within these 
two geographic areas. 

3.   CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS 

Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including 
expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.  

Critical accounting estimates  

The Fund makes estimates, including the assumptions applied therein, concerning the future. The resulting accounting 
estimates  will,  by  definition,  seldom  equal  the  related  actual  results.  The  estimates  and  assumptions  that  have  a 
significant  risk  of  causing  a  material  adjustment  to  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  within  the  next 
financial year are addressed below. 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets 

When testing goodwill and intangibles for impairment, the Fund uses the recorded historical cash flows of the CGU or 
group of CGU’s to which the assets relate for the most recent two years, and an estimate or forecast of cash flows for 
the next year to establish an estimate of the Fund’s future cash flows.  An estimate of the recoverable amount is then 
calculated  as  the  higher  of  an  asset’s  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell  and  value  in  use  (being  the  present  value  of  the 
expected future cash flows of the relevant asset or CGU). An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which 
the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.  The methods used to value intangible assets and goodwill 
require critical estimates to be made regarding the future cash flows and useful lives of the intangible assets.  Goodwill 
and intangible asset impairments, when recognized, are recorded as a separate charge to earnings, and could materially 
impact the operating results of the Fund for any particular accounting period.   

Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets 

The Fund assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets, other than goodwill and intangibles, after considering the 
potential impairment indicated by such factors as business and market trends, the Fund’s ability to transfer the assets, 
future  prospects,  current  market  value  and  other  economic  factors.    In  performing  its  review  of  recoverability, 
management estimates the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their potential disposition.  
If the discounted sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying value  of the assets generating those 
cash  flows,  an  impairment  loss  would  be  recognized  based  on  the  excess  of the  carrying  amounts  of  the  assets  over 
their  estimated  recoverable  value.    The  underlying  estimates  for  cash  flows  include  estimates  for  future  sales,  gross 
margin  rates  and  operating  expenses.    Changes  which  may  impact  these  estimates  include,  but  are  not  limited  to, 
business risks and uncertainties and economic conditions.  To the extent that management’s estimates are not realized, 
future  assessments  could  result  in  impairment  charges  that  may  have  a  material  impact  on  the  Fund’s  consolidated 
financial statements. 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments 

The Fund has applied discounted cash flow methods to establish the fair value of certain financial liabilities recorded 
on  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial  Position,  as  well  as  disclosed  in  the  notes  to  the  consolidated  financial 
statements.    The  Fund  also  establishes  mark-to-market  valuations  for  derivative  instruments,  which  are  assumed  to 
represent  the  current  fair  value  of  these  instruments.    These  valuations  rely  on  assumptions  regarding  interest  and 
exchange rates as well as other economic indicators, which at the time of establishing the fair value for disclosure, have 
a high degree of uncertainty.  Unrealized gains or losses on these derivative financial instruments may not be realized 
as markets change.  

Income Taxes 

The Fund is subject to income tax in several jurisdictions and estimates are used to determine the provision for income 
taxes.  During  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  there  are  transactions  and  calculations  for  which  the  ultimate  tax 
determination  is  uncertain.  As  a  result,  the  Fund  recognizes  tax  liabilities  based  on  estimates  of  whether  additional 
taxes and interest will be due. Uncertain tax liabilities may be recognized when, despite the Fund’s belief that its tax 
return  positions  are  supportable,  the  Fund  believes  that  certain  positions  are  likely  to  be  challenged  and  may  not  be 
fully sustained upon review by tax authorities. The Fund believes that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all 
open audit years based on its assessment of many factors including past experience and interpretations of tax law. To 
the  extent  that  the  final  tax  outcome  of  these  matters  is  different  than  the  amounts  recorded,  such  differences  will 
impact income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

Critical judgments in applying the entity’s accounting policies 

Leases 

In applying the classification of leases in IAS 17, management considers its premise leases as well as certain equipment 
and  vehicle  leases  as  operating  lease  arrangements.  In  some  cases,  the  lease  transaction  is  not  conclusive,  and 
management uses judgment in determining whether the lease is a finance lease arrangement that transfers substantially 
all  the  risks  and  rewards  incidental  to  ownership  or  an  operating  lease  where  substantially  all  the  risks  and  rewards 
incidental to ownership are not transferred. 

4.  

  ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND AMENDMENTS ISSUED BUT NOT YET ADOPTED 

The following is an overview of accounting standard changes that the Fund will be required to adopt in future years: 

IFRS 16, Leases, was issued by the IASB on January 13, 2016 and will replace the current guidance found in IAS 17, 
Leases  and  related  interpretations.  The  new  standard  will  bring  most  leases  onto the statement of financial position 
through  recognition  of  right-of-use  assets  and  lease  liabilities.  IFRS  16  establishes  principles  for  recognition, 
measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases.   

The  Fund  is  continuing to  evaluate  the  impact  of  adopting  IFRS  16  on  its  financial  statements, but expects this 
standard  will  have  a  significant  impact  on  its  consolidated  statement of financial position,  through  recognition  of 
right-of-use  assets  and  lease  liabilities,  estimated  at  approximately  $450  million  and  $490  million 
respectively.    Implementation  of  the  new  standard  will  result  in  a  decrease  in  lease  expenses,  which  are 
classified as operating expenses, and increases to depreciation expense and finance costs as a result of the depreciation 
of the right-of-use assets and accretion expense on the lease liability.   

The  Fund  will  apply  the  standard  effective January  1,  2019  and  plans  to  transition  using  the  modified  retrospective 
approach  without  restatement  of  prior  reporting  periods.    The  Fund  expects  to  apply  the  recognition  exemption  for 
short-term leases.  Other practical expedients available under the guidance are still being evaluated.   

Since many of the Fund’s leases are denominated in U.S. dollars, there will be additional volatility in foreign exchange 
amounts recognized due to the revaluation  to the  rate of exchange in effect at the  date of the statement of financial 
position. 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

5.  

  ACQUISITIONS 

The Fund completed 28 acquisitions that added 69 locations during the year ended December 31, 2018 as follows: 

Acquisition Date
January 19, 2018
January 31, 2018
February 20, 2018
February 23, 2018
April 17, 2018
May 18, 2018
May 25, 2018
May 28, 2018
June 8, 2018
June 27, 2018
July 3, 2018
July 6, 2018
July 9, 2018
July 10, 2018
August 3, 2018
August 3, 2018
September 21, 2018
October 10, 2018
October 10, 2018
October 12, 2018
October 15, 2018
October 15, 2018
November 1, 2018
November 30, 2018
November 30, 2018
December 11, 2018
December 14, 2018
December 19, 2018

Location
Collier County, FL (2 locations)
Sudbury, ON (4 locations)
Falcon, CO
Dallas, TX (3 locations)
Seattle, WA (3 locations)
Alexandria, LA
Atlanta, GA (2 locations)
Bradford, ON
Chicago, IL
Elk Grove Village, IL
Aurora, ON
Brunswick, OH
Nanaimo, BC
Elkhart, IN
Bessemer & Birmingham, AL
Kenosha, WI
Dundas, ON
Kennewick, WA
Springfield, IL
Saskatoon, SK (2 locations)
Turtle Creek, PA
Brownsburg & Greenwood, IN
Kansas City, MO (5 locations)
West Hawksbury, ON 
Wisconsin and Northern Illinois (18 locations)
Albany, OR
Western & Central Regions, TX (9 locations)
Jacksonville, NC

On  May  29,  2017,  the  Company  entered  into  a  definitive  agreement  to  acquire  the  assets  and  business  of  Assured 
Automotive Inc. and related entities ("Assured"), a multi-location collision repair company operating 68 locations in the 
province of Ontario, including 30 intake centers co-located at automotive dealerships.  The acquisition of the assets and 
business of Assured closed on July 4, 2017, effective July 1, 2017. 

The Fund also completed 16 acquisitions that added 33 locations during the year ended December 31, 2017 as follows: 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

Acquisition Date
January 6, 2017
January 13, 2017
March 17, 2017
April 19, 2017
April 27, 2017
June 14, 2017
June 27, 2017
August 4, 2017
September 1, 2017
September 8, 2017
September 20, 2017
October 18, 2017
October 27, 2017
December 5, 2017
December 12, 2017
December 15, 2017

Location
Monroe, NC
Phoenix, AZ (4 locations)
Portland, OR (2 locations)
Salem, OR
Orem, UT
Greensboro, GA
Spokane, WA
Calgary, AB (4 locations)
Westerville, OH
Lafayette, LA
Issaquah, WA
Toronto, ON
Nashville, TN (9 locations)
Tumwater, WA
Glenwood Springs, CO
Cleveland, OH (3 locations)

The Fund has accounted for the 2018 acquisitions using the acquisition method as follows: 

Acquisitions in 2018

Identifiable net assets acquired at fair value:

Cash
Other currents assets
Property, plant and equipment
Identified intangible assets
     Customer relationships
     Non-compete agreements
Liabilities assumed
Deferred income tax liability

Identifiable net assets acquired
Goodwill

Total purchase consideration

Consideration provided

Cash paid or payable
Contingent consideration
Sellers notes

Total consideration provided

66 

Total 
acquisitions

$              

416
3,464
34,876

43,935
1,408
(1,499)
(595)

$         

82,005
65,381

$       

147,386

$       

118,426
8,887
20,073

$       

147,386

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
             
           
           
             
            
               
           
             
           
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

The Fund has accounted for the 2017 acquisitions using the acquisition method as follows: 

Acquisitions in 2017

Assured 

Other 
acquisitions

Total 
acquisitions

Identifiable net assets acquired at fair value:

Other currents assets
Property, plant and equipment
Identified intangible assets
     Customer relationships
     Brand name
     Non-compete agreements
Liabilities assumed

Identifiable net assets acquired
Goodwill

$         

16,915
12,083

$           

1,933
19,753

$         

18,848
31,836

65,000
14,000
8,000
(18,766)

27,773
-      
1,362
(520)

92,773
14,000
9,362
(19,286)

$         

97,232
104,731

$         

50,301
31,751

$       

147,533
136,482

Total purchase consideration

$       

201,963

$         

82,052

$       

284,015

Consideration provided

Cash paid or payable
Units issued
Sellers notes

$       

150,247
51,716
-      

$         

75,411
-      
6,641

$       

225,658
51,716
6,641

Total consideration provided

$       

201,963

$         

82,052

$       

284,015

The  preliminary  purchase  prices  for  the  2018  acquisitions  may  be revised  as  additional  information  becomes  available.  
Further adjustments may be recorded in future periods as purchase price adjustments are finalized.   

U.S.  acquisition  transactions  are  initially  recognized  in  Canadian  dollars  at  the  rates  of  exchange  in  effect  on  the 
transaction dates.  Subsequently, the assets and liabilities are translated at the rate in effect at the Statement of Financial 
Position date. 

A  significant  part  of  the  goodwill  recorded  on  the  acquisitions  can  be  attributed  to  the  assembled  workforce  and  the 
operating know-how of key personnel.  However, no intangible assets qualified for separate recognition in this respect.   

Goodwill recognized during 2018 is expected to be deductible for tax purposes, except for the goodwill related to the 
January 31, 2018 acquisition in Sudbury.  Goodwill recognized on this transaction totaled $2,658.   

On November 1, 2018, the Company acquired the assets of A&B Body Shop, Inc. The contingent consideration 
recorded is based on the business meeting predetermined earnings targets during the period from January 1, 2019 to 
December 31, 2021. A maximum payment of $3,284 in 2021 would be required if the business meets or exceeds the 
target. The present value of the contingent consideration of $2,492 has been determined using a cost of borrowing 
discount rate.  

On December 14, 2018, the Company acquired the assets of Paceline Collision Centers. The contingent consideration 
recorded is based on the business meeting predetermined earnings targets during the period from January 1, 2019 to 
December 31, 2021. A maximum payment of $6,690 in 2021 would be required if the business meets or exceeds the 
target. The present value of the contingent consideration of $6,395 has been determined using a cost of borrowing 
discount rate.  

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
               
           
             
             
             
          
               
          
         
           
         
           
               
           
               
             
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

Funding for the Assured transaction was a combination of cash and the issuance of 537,872 units to the sellers at a unit 
price of $96.15. The value of the 537,872 units issued as consideration increased from $88.31 as priced per the Asset 
Purchase and Sale Agreement prior to the public announcement of the acquisition to $96.15 at the time of closing. 

The  results  of  operations  reflect  the  revenues  and  expenses  of  acquired  operations  from  the  date  of  acquisition. 
Revenue contributed by acquisitions since being acquired were $60,933. Net losses incurred by acquisitions since being 
acquired  were  $962.  If  2018  acquisitions  had  been  acquired  on  January  1,  2018,  the  Fund’s  net  earnings  for  the  year 
ended December 31, 2018 would have been $83,089 (unaudited). 

6. 

INVENTORY 
As at

Parts and materials
Work in process

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$            

15,533
26,271

$              

12,846
14,165

$            

41,804

$              

27,011

Included  in  cost  of  sales  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018  are  parts  and  material  costs  of  $581,337  (2017  – 
$479,460) and labour costs of $304,968 (2017 – $259,940) with the balance of cost of sales primarily made up of sublet 
charges.   

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
              
                
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

7. 

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT  

La nd

Buildings

S ho p 
Equipm e nt

Offic e  
Equipm e nt

Co m pute r 
Ha rdwa re

S igna ge

Ve hic le s

De pre c ia tio n ra te s

5%

15%

20%

30%

15%

30%

Le a s e ho ld 
Im pro ve m e nts

 10 to  25 ye a rs  
s tra ight line  

To ta l

As  a t J a nua ry 1, 2017

C o s t
Ac c um ula te d
    de pre c ia tio n

$       

4,704

$       

8,704

$            

114,915

$          

11,456

$            

11,264

$       

10,635

$       

20,756

$               

90,134

$        

272,568

-      

(834)

(50,919)

(5,301)

(7,360)

(3,979)

(11,751)

(30,611)

(110,755)

Ne t bo o k va lue

$       

4,704

$       

7,870

$           

63,996

$           

6,155

$             

3,904

$        

6,656

$         

9,005

$              

59,523

$           

161,813

F o r the  ye a r e nde d 
De c e m be r 31, 2017

Additio ns
P ro c e e ds  o n
    dis po s a l
Ga in (lo s s ) o n
    dis po s a l

De pre c ia tio n

2,650

11,574

26,078

2,508

6,440

1,490

2,520

20,152

73,412

-      

-      

-      

-      

-      

(505)

(717)

(39)

(16)

(11,167)

(3,928)

-      

-      

(1,440)

(363)

(23)

3

(10)

(2)

(399)

284

(1,665)

(1,074)

(2,979)

(338)

(381)

(530)

(279)

(750)

-      

(9,227)

(3,992)

269

(28,057)

(10,588)

F o re ign e xc ha nge

(339)

Ne t bo o k va lue

$        

7,015

$      

18,222

$           

74,924

$          

6,860

$              

8,321

$        

6,679

$          

7,901

$               

66,177

$         

196,099

As  a t De c e m be r 31, 2017

C o s t
Ac c um ula te d
    de pre c ia tio n

$        

7,015

$       

19,510

$          

133,477

$         

13,275

$            

16,812

$        

11,370

$       

20,686

$              

103,186

$         

325,331

-      

(1,288)

(58,553)

(6,415)

(8,491)

(4,691)

(12,785)

(37,009)

(129,232)

Ne t bo o k va lue

$        

7,015

$      

18,222

$           

74,924

$          

6,860

$              

8,321

$        

6,679

$          

7,901

$               

66,177

$         

196,099

F o r the  ye a r e nde d 
De c e m be r 31, 2018

Additio ns
P ro c e e ds  o n
    dis po s a l
Ga in (lo s s ) o n
    dis po s a l

De pre c ia tio n

F o re ign e xc ha nge

4,020

7,607

31,265

1,547

4,630

1,041

3,655

22,581

76,346

-      

-      

-      

754

-      

-      

(863)

1,739

-      

(22)

-      

(1)

-      

-      

-      

-      

(468)

234

(97)

(1)

(565)

210

(13,684)

(1,500)

(2,941)

(1,108)

(2,964)

(11,007)

(34,067)

5,373

450

597

536

681

4,950

15,080

Ne t bo o k va lue

$      

11,789

$     

26,705

$           

97,856

$          

7,356

$           

10,607

$         

7,148

$         

9,039

$              

82,603

$         

253,103

As  a t De c e m be r 31, 2018

C o s t
Ac c um ula te d
    de pre c ia tio n

$      

11,789

$      

29,016

$          

175,704

$          

15,801

$          

23,009

$       

13,284

$       

24,625

$             

133,876

$         

427,104

-      

(2,311)

(77,848)

(8,445)

(12,402)

(6,136)

(15,586)

(51,273)

(174,001)

Ne t bo o k va lue

$      

11,789

$     

26,705

$           

97,856

$          

7,356

$           

10,607

$         

7,148

$         

9,039

$              

82,603

$         

253,103

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
            
           
             
            
             
         
          
                 
          
         
         
             
            
               
           
           
                 
             
            
             
                    
                
                   
                
             
                     
                 
            
             
                     
                
                       
                 
               
                      
                  
            
           
               
            
              
          
          
                 
           
           
            
              
              
                 
             
             
                 
            
            
         
            
            
              
          
        
               
         
         
         
              
             
               
            
           
                 
            
            
             
                   
                
                  
              
             
                       
                 
            
             
                    
                    
                  
              
               
                           
                   
            
           
             
            
              
           
          
                 
           
            
          
                
                
                  
              
                
                   
             
            
          
            
           
            
          
        
                
          
   
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

8. 

INCOME TAXES  

The Fund is a “specified investment flow-through” (“SIFT”) and until December 31, 2010 was exempt from tax on its 
income to the extent that its income was distributed to unitholders.  This exemption did not apply to the Company or its 
subsidiaries,  which  are  corporations  that  are  subject  to  income  tax.    Fund  distributions  that  are  sourced  from  U.S. 
business earnings are not subject to the SIFT tax.   

The  Fund  accounts  for  deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  in  respect  of  accounting  and  tax  basis  differences.  
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities which relate to the same jurisdiction are netted on the Consolidated Statement of 
Financial Position.  

a)  The  reconciliation  between  income  tax  expense  and  the  accounting  earnings  multiplied  by  the  combined  basic 

Canadian and U.S. federal, provincial and state tax rates is as follows: 

Earnings before income taxes
Earnings subject to tax in the hands of unitholders not the Fund

For the years ended December 31, 

2018

2017

$            

102,274
(10,438)

$                

77,149
(9,582)

Income subject to income taxes

$              

91,836

$                

67,567

Combined basic Canadian and U.S. federal, provincial and state tax rates

25.42%

37.87%

Income tax expense at combined statutory tax rates

$              

23,345

$                

25,588

Adjustments for the tax effect of:
Non-deductible depreciation
Other non-deductible expenses
Amortization of permanent goodwill deductions
Allocation to non-controlling interest
Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from changes in 
     substantively enacted tax rates
Dividends treated as interest
Non-deductible fair value adjustments
Effective rate adjustment
Items affecting equity - issue costs
Other  

-       
383
-       
(692)

-       
1,142
1,330
45
(27)
(891)

(92)
430
-      
(286)

(13,571)
961
1,470
3,211
1,022
(19)

Income tax expense

$              

24,635

$                

18,714

U.S. tax reform resulted in a one-time income tax recovery in 2017 of $13,571, which is included in changes in deferred 
tax assets and liabilities resulting from changes in substantively enacted rates.  

The structure of the Fund is such that a portion of the Fund’s earnings continue to be subject to tax in the hands of the 
unitholders,  not  the  Fund.    This  permits  the  Company  to  reduce  its  tax  obligation.    As  a  result  during  the  year,  the 
Company benefitted from an interest deduction in the amount of $8,301 (2017 - $10,240).  This amount was received by 
the Fund who then is permitted to reduce its taxable income for the distributions declared in the year. 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
               
                   
                     
                        
                      
                       
                     
                      
                     
                      
                     
                 
                   
                       
                   
                    
                        
                    
                       
                    
                     
                        
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

b)  Deferred income taxes consist of the following: 

As at

Intangible assets
Non-capital losses carried forward
Property, plant and equipment
Issue costs
Other

Deferred income tax asset

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$                

-       
-       
-       
-       
-       

$              

(1,052)
1,196
(401)
193
170

$                

-       

$                   

106

During 2018, the overall deferred income tax asset position in Canada became an overall deferred income tax liability 
position in Canada and has been included below.  

As at

Intangible assets
Accrued liabilities
Property, plant and equipment
Acquisition costs
Other

Deferred income tax liability

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$          

(30,029)
8,557
(21,826)
3,097
319

$            

(20,152)
7,187
(15,597)
2,115
145

$          

(39,882)

$            

(26,302)

c)  The movement in deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the year is as follows: 

Deferred income tax asset as at

Balance, beginning of year
Deferred income tax expense

Balance, end of year

Deferred income tax liability as at

Balance, beginning of year
Acquired through business combination
Deferred income tax expense
Foreign exchange

Balance, end of year

71 

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$                 

106
(106)

$                

1,329
(1,223)

$                

-       

$                   

106

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$          

(26,302)
(595)
(12,386)
(599)

$            

(25,478)
(1,107)
(1,361)
1,644

$          

(39,882)

$            

(26,302)

 
 
 
 
 
 
                  
                  
                  
                   
                  
                     
                  
                     
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
                
                  
             
              
                
                  
                    
                     
 
 
 
  
                  
                
 
 
   
                  
                
             
                
                  
                  
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

d)  Deferred income tax assets are recognized to the extent it is probable that sufficient future taxable income will be 
available to allow a deferred income tax asset to be realized.  At December 31, 2018, the Fund has recognized all of 
its deferred income tax assets with the exception of $7,510 (2017 - $7,510) in capital losses available in Canada.  At 
December 31, 2018, the Fund has non-capital losses in Canada of $1,583 (2017 - $4,432) and net operating losses in 
the U.S. of $nil (2017 - $nil).   

The losses expire as follows: 

Year of expiry

2033
2034

362
1,221

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                     
                  
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

9. 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

C us to m e r 
R e la tio ns hips

B ra nd 
Na m e

C o m pute r 
S o ftwa re

No n-
c o m pe te  
Agre e m e nt
s

Zo ne d 
P ro pe rty 
R ights

F a vo ura ble  
Le a s e  
Agre e m e nts

To ta l

As  a t J a nua ry 1, 2017

C o s t

$           

170,710

$         

15,523

$             

4,640

$        

9,457

$               

54

$                 

8,465

$        

208,849

Ac c um ula te d a m o rtiza tio n

(33,210)

(6,655)

(3,137)

(6,715)

(54)

(564)

(50,335)

Ne t bo o k va lue

$          

137,500

$          

8,868

$              

1,503

$        

2,742

$             

-      

$                  

7,901

$          

158,514

F o r the  ye a r e nde d 
De c e m be r 31, 2017

Ac quire d thro ugh bus ine s s  c o m bina tio ns

92,773

14,000

Additio ns

P urc ha s e  pric e  a llo c a tio n a djus tm e nts

Am o rtiza tio n

F o re ign e xc ha nge

-      

1,071

(10,344)

(9,392)

-      

-      

(5)

(582)

-      

416

-      

(765)

(28)

9,362

-      

38

(1,949)

(161)

-      

-      

-      

-      

-      

-      

-      

-      

(545)

(501)

116,135

416

1,109

(13,608)

(10,664)

Ne t bo o k va lue

$           

211,608

$         

22,281

$               

1,126

$       

10,032

$             

-      

$                 

6,855

$         

251,902

As  a t De c e m be r 31, 2017

C o s t

$         

252,696

$        

28,503

$             

5,055

$       

18,257

$               

54

$                 

7,909

$         

312,474

Ac c um ula te d a m o rtiza tio n

(41,088)

(6,222)

(3,929)

(8,225)

(54)

(1,054)

(60,572)

Ne t bo o k va lue

$           

211,608

$         

22,281

$               

1,126

$       

10,032

$             

-      

$                 

6,855

$         

251,902

F o r the  ye a r e nde d 
De c e m be r 31, 2018

Ac quire d thro ugh bus ine s s  c o m bina tio ns

43,935

Additio ns

Am o rtiza tio n

F o re ign e xc ha nge

-      

(13,639)

13,689

-      

-      

-      

723

-      

909

1,408

-      

(765)

(2,724)

58

267

-      

-      

-      

-      

-      

$          

45,343

-      

(546)

572

909

(17,674)

15,309

Ne t bo o k va lue

$         

255,593

$        

23,004

$              

1,328

$        

8,983

$             

-      

$                  

6,881

$        

295,789

As  a t De c e m be r 31, 2018

C o s t

$          

314,260

$        

29,772

$             

6,763

$      

20,585

$               

54

$                  

8,601

$        

380,035

Ac c um ula te d a m o rtiza tio n

(58,667)

(6,768)

(5,435)

(11,602)

(54)

(1,720)

(84,246)

Ne t bo o k va lue

$         

255,593

$        

23,004

$              

1,328

$        

8,983

$             

-      

$                  

6,881

$        

295,789

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
             
           
              
          
                
                     
           
             
           
                  
          
               
                      
             
                   
                
                   
              
               
                      
                   
                  
                
                  
                
               
                      
                 
             
                   
                 
          
               
                     
            
              
              
                   
              
               
                      
            
             
           
             
         
                
                  
           
             
                
                  
           
               
                      
                   
                
                  
              
               
                      
                  
             
                
                 
         
               
                     
            
              
                
                     
              
               
                      
             
            
           
             
        
                
                  
           
   
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

10.  GOODWILL  
As at

Balance, beginning of year
Acquired through business combination
Purchase price allocation adjustments within the measurement period
Foreign exchange

Balance, end of year

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$         

351,943
65,381
-       
22,543

$            

230,701
136,482
73
(15,313)

$         

439,867

$            

351,943

The Fund has used the value in use method to evaluate the carrying amount of goodwill.  The key assumptions used in the 
assessment include an estimate of current cash flow,  taxes,  a growth  rate of  2% and  capital  maintenance expenditures.  
These assumptions are based on past experience. A discount rate of 10% has been applied to the expected cash flow, after 
adjusting the cash flow for an estimate of the taxes and capital maintenance expenditures.   

The  purchase  price  allocation  adjustments  represent  additional  consideration  which  resulted  in  the  recognition  of 
additional  goodwill  in  2017  as  well  as  balance  sheet  reclassifications  between  property,  plant  and  equipment  and 
goodwill within the measurement period for certain 2017 acquisitions. 

11.  DISTRIBUTIONS AND DIVIDENDS 

The Fund’s Trustees have discretion in declaring distributions.  The Fund’s distribution policy is to make distributions 
of its available cash from operations taking into account current and future performance amounts necessary for principal 
and  interest  payments  on  debt  obligations,  amounts  required  for  maintenance  capital  expenditures  and  amounts 
allocated to reserves.   

Distributions to unitholders and dividends on the exchangeable Class A shares were declared and paid as follows: 

Record date

Payment date

Dividend per Share Distribution amount Dividend amount

Distribution per Unit / 

January 31, 2018
February 28, 2018
March 31, 2018
April 30, 2018
May 31, 2018
June 30, 2018
July 31, 2018
August 31, 2018
September 30, 2018
October 31, 2018
November 30, 2018
December 31, 2018

February 26, 2018
March 27, 2018
April 26, 2018
May 29, 2018
June 27, 2018
July 27, 2018
August 29, 2018
September 26, 2018
October 29, 2018
November 28, 2018
December 21, 2018
January 29, 2019

$                           

0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0440
0.0450
0.0450

$                           

865
865
866
865
865
866
865
866
866
865
892
892

$                             

10
10
9
10
10
9
10
10
9
9
10
10

$                           

0.5300

$                      

10,438

$                           

116

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
              
              
                  
                       
              
              
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                                 
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                                 
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                                 
                             
                             
                                 
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

Record date

Payment date

Dividend per Share Distribution amount Dividend amount

Distribution per Unit / 

January 31, 2017
February 28, 2017
March 31, 2017
April 30, 2017
May 31, 2017
June 30, 2017
July 31, 2017
August 31, 2017
September 30, 2017
October 31, 2017
November 30, 2017
December 31, 2017

February 24, 2017
March 29, 2017
April 26, 2017
May 29, 2017
June 28, 2017
July 27, 2017
August 29, 2017
September 27, 2017
October 27, 2017
November 28, 2017
December 20, 2017
January 29, 2018

$                           

0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0430
0.0440
0.0440

$                           

776
777
777
777
777
777
800
801
801
801
859
859

$                             

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

$                           

0.5180

$                        

9,582

$                           

120

At December 31, 2018, there were 190,784 (December 31, 2017 – 200,395) exchangeable Class A shares outstanding 
with a carrying value of $21,549 (December 31, 2017 - $20,218). 

During 2018, a fair value adjustment expense in the amount of $2,372 (2017 – $3,102) was recorded against earnings 
related to these exchangeable Class A shares.   

Further distributions and dividends were declared for the months of January, February and March 2019 in the amount of 
$0.045 per unit/share.  The total amount of distributions and dividends declared after the reporting date was $2,678 and 
$29, respectively.     

12.   LONG-TERM DEBT 

On May 26, 2017, the Company entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement for a term of five years, 
increasing the revolving credit facility to $300,000 U.S., with an accordion feature which can increase the facility to a 
maximum of $450,000 U.S.  The facility is with a syndicate of Canadian and U.S. banks and is secured by the shares 
and assets of the Company as well as guarantees by BGIF and BGHI. The interest rate is based on a pricing grid of the 
Fund’s ratio of total  funded  debt to  EBITDA as  determined  under  the credit agreement. The Company  can draw the 
facility in either the U.S. or in Canada, in either U.S. or Canadian dollars.  The Company can make draws in tranches as 
required. Tranches bear interest only and are not repayable until the maturity date but can be voluntarily repaid at any 
time.  The  Company  has  the  ability  to  choose  the  base  interest  rate  between  Prime,  Bankers  Acceptances  (“BA”)  or 
London  Inter  Bank  Offer  Rate  (“LIBOR”).    The  total  syndicated  facility  includes  a  swing  line  up  to  a  maximum  of 
$5,000 U.S. in Canada and $20,000 U.S. in the U.S.  

Under the revolving facility, the Company is subject to certain financial covenants which must be maintained to avoid 
acceleration  of  the  termination  of the  credit  agreement.  The  financial  covenants  require  the  Fund  to  maintain  a  total 
debt to EBITDA ratio of less than 4.25; a senior debt to EBITDA ratio of less than 3.50 up to March 31, 2018 and less 
than  3.25  thereafter;  and  a  fixed  charge  coverage  ratio  of  greater  than  1.03.  For  three  quarters  following  a  material 
acquisition, the total debt to EBITDA ratio may be increased to less than 4.75 and the senior debt to EBITDA ratio may 
be increased to less than 4.00 up to March 31, 2018 and less than 3.75 thereafter.  The debt calculations exclude the 
convertible debentures.  At December 31, 2018, the Company has drawn $61,300 U.S. (December 31, 2017 - $40,000 
U.S.) and $139,000 Canadian (December 31, 2017 - $150,800) on the revolving credit facility.    

Deferred financing costs  of $356 were incurred during 2015  to complete the amended and restated credit agreement.  
These fees were amortized to finance costs on a straight line basis over the five year term of the amended and restated 
credit agreement until May 26, 2017 when the second amended and restated credit agreement was signed.  At that time, 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
                             
                             
                               
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

the  unamortized  deferred  financing  costs  of  $226  were  recorded  as  finance  costs.    Financing  costs  of  $859  incurred 
during  2017  to  complete  the  second  amended  and  restated  credit  agreement  have  been  deferred.    These  fees  are 
amortized  to  finance  costs  on  a  straight  line  basis  over  the  five  year  term  of the  second  amended  and  restated  credit 
agreement. The unamortized deferred financing costs of $587 have been netted against the debt drawn as at December 
31, 2018.   

As at December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants.  

Seller notes payable of $66,120 (of which $65,422, or $47,971 U.S., are U.S. denominated) on the financing of certain 
acquisitions  are  unsecured,  at  interest  rates  ranging  from  1%  to  8%.    The  notes  are  repayable  from  January  2019  to 
January 2027 in the same currency as the related note. 

Long-term debt is comprised of the following: 

As at

Revolving credit facility (net of financing costs)
Seller notes

Current portion

The following is the continuity of long-term debt: 
As at

Balance, beginning of year
Consideration on acquisition
Draws
Repayments
Deferred financing costs
Amortization of deferred finance costs
Foreign exchange

Balance, end of year

The following table summarizes the repayment schedule of the long-term debt: 

Principal Payments

Less than 1 year
1 to 5 years
Greater than 5 years

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$         

222,039
66,120

$            

200,222
57,754

$         

288,159
16,390

$            

257,976
15,134

$         

271,769

$            

242,842

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$         

257,976
20,073
67,799
(66,079)
-       
172
8,218

$            

101,617
6,641
209,053
(53,212)
(859)
350
(5,614)

$         

288,159

$            

257,976

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$            

16,390
256,674
15,095

$              

15,134
227,060
15,782

$         

288,159

$            

257,976

Included in finance costs for the year ended December 31, 2018 is interest on long-term debt of $9,700 (2017 - $7,454).  

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
              
                
              
                
 
 
              
                  
              
              
             
              
                  
                   
                    
                     
                
                
 
 
 
            
              
              
                
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

13.  OBLIGATIONS UNDER FINANCE LEASES 

As at

Equipment leases, at interest rates ranging from 4.65% to 9.09%, due January 
2019 to June 2020 (2017 - 4.65% to 9.09%, due January 2018 to June 2020), 
secured by equipment with a net book value of $2,757 (2017 - $4,264)

Vehicle leases, at interest rates ranging from 5.50% to 9.69%, due January 2019 
to August 2021 (2017 - 5.50% to 13.67%, due January 2018 to August 2021), 
secured by vehicles with a net book value of $7,625 (2017 - $6,447)

Amounts representing interest

Current portion

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$              

1,345

$                

2,599

7,698

7,043

$              

9,043

$                

9,642

636

721

$              

8,407
3,846

$                

8,921
3,652

$              

4,561

$                

5,269

Included in finance costs is interest related to finance leases of $532 (2017 - $782). 

Minimum lease payments required as at December 31, 2018 are as follows: 

     Principal and 
 Interest Payments

Amounts Representing
Interest

Principal Payments

Less than 1 year
1 to 5 years

                  $        

4,185
4,858

339
297

                  $      
                  $      

3,846
4,561

                  $        

9,043

636

                  $      

8,407

14.  FAIR VALUE ADJUSTMENTS  

Convertible debenture conversion feature
Exchangeable Class A common shares
Unit based payment obligation
Non-controlling interest put option 
   and call liability

For the years ended                            

December 31, 

2018

2017

$                  

-       
2,372
4,896

$                  

1,161
3,102
9,783

(2,481)

(5,879)

Total fair value adjustments

$                

4,787

$                  

8,167

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
                  
                    
                     
                
                  
 
 
 
  
                                  
                            
                                  
                                  
 
 
                   
                    
                   
                    
                 
                   
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

15.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS  

Carrying value and estimated fair value of financial instruments 

Classification

Fair value 
hierarchy

December 31, 2018
Fair 
value

Carrying 
amount

December 31, 2017

Carrying 
amount

Fair   
value

Financial assets
Cash 

Amortized cost

n/a

64,476

64,476

47,831

47,831

Accounts receivable

Amortized cost

n/a

105,088

105,088

104,545

104,545

Financial liabilities
Accounts payable and 
     accrued liabilities

Distributions and dividends 
     payable

Amortized cost

n/a

267,991

267,991

195,837

195,837

Amortized cost

n/a

902

902

869

869

Long-term debt

Amortized cost

n/a

288,159

288,159

257,976

257,976

Exchangeable Class A 
     common shares

FVPL (1)

Non-controlling interest put 
     options and call liability

FVPL (1)

(1)  Fair Value Through Profit or Loss 

1

3

21,549

21,549

20,218

20,218

20,556

20,556

21,242

21,242

For  the  Fund’s  current  financial  assets  and  liabilities,  including  accounts  receivable,  accounts  payable  and  accrued 
liabilities, and distributions and dividends payable, which are short term in nature and subject to normal trade terms, the 
carrying values approximate their fair value.  As there is no ready secondary market for the Fund’s long-term debt, the fair 
value has been estimated using the discounted cash flow method.  The fair value using the discounted cash flow method is 
approximately equal to carrying value.  The fair value for the non-controlling interest put option and call liability is based 
on the estimated cash payment or receipt necessary to settle the contract at the Statement of Financial Position date.  Cash 
payments or receipts are based on discounted cash flows using current market rates and prices and adjusted for credit risk.  
The fair  value of the exchangeable  Class  A  shares  is  estimated  using  the  market  price  of  the  units  of  Fund  as  of  the 
Statement of Financial Position date.  

Collateral 

The Company’s syndicated loan facility is collateralized by a General Security Agreement.  The carrying amount of the 
financial assets pledged as collateral for this facility at December 31, 2018 was approximately $169,564 (December 31, 
2017 - $152,376).   

Interest rate risk 

The Company’s operating line and syndicated loan facility are exposed to interest rate fluctuations and the Company 
does  not  hold  any  financial  instruments  to  mitigate  this  risk.    Convertible  debentures  and  seller  notes  are  at  fixed 
interest rates.   

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          
           
           
           
       
         
         
         
       
         
         
         
               
                
                
                
       
         
         
         
          
           
           
           
          
           
           
           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

Foreign currency risk 

The Company’s operations in the U.S. are more closely tied to its domestic currency.  Accordingly, the U.S. operations 
are  measured  in  U.S.  dollars  and  the  Company’s  foreign  exchange  translation  exposure  relates  to  these  operations.  
When the U.S. operation’s net asset values are converted to Canadian dollars, currency fluctuations result in period to 
period  changes  in  those  net  asset  values.    The  Fund’s  equity  position  reflects  these  changes  in  net  asset  values  as 
recorded in accumulated other comprehensive earnings.  The income and expenses of the U.S. operations are translated 
into  Canadian  dollars  at  the  average  rate  for  the  period  in  order  to  include  their  financial  results  in  the  consolidated 
financial  statements.    Period  to  period  changes  in  the  average  exchange  rates  cause  translation  effects  that  have  an 
impact  on  net  earnings.    Unlike  the  effect  of  exchange  rate  fluctuations  on  transaction  exposure,  the  exchange  rate 
translation risk does not affect local currency cash flows.   

Transactional  foreign currency risk also exists in  circumstances  where  U.S. denominated cash is received in  Canada.  
The Company monitors U.S. denominated cash flows to be received in Canada and evaluates whether to use forward 
foreign exchange contracts.  No forward foreign exchange contracts were used during 2018 or 2017. 

The  Fund  earns  interest  on  promissory  notes  issued  to  The  Boyd  Group  (U.S.)  Inc.,  the  parent  of  the  Fund’s  U.S. 
operations.  As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, promissory notes denominated in Canadian dollars are 
as follows: 

Promissory notes
As at

Promissory note at 5.0% due September 29, 2027 
Promissory note at 6.5% due January 1, 2020
Promissory note at 8.58% due January 1 2024
Promissory note at 8.58% due January 1, 2024
Promissory note at 8.58% due January 1, 2024

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$            

108,000
41,800
6,800
25,000
30,000

$            

108,000
41,800
6,800
25,000
30,000

$         

211,600

$            

211,600

On September 29, 2017, the $108,000 note was renewed for a term of 10 years at an interest rate of 5.0%.  On October 
16, 2017, $83,500 of the  $108,000 note  due  September  29,  2027  was assigned by the  Fund  to The  Boyd Group Inc.  
This assignment was related to the conversion and redemption of the Fund’s 2014 convertible debentures and was made 
in exchange for The Boyd Group Inc. issuing 83,500 Class IV shares to the Fund. 

 The Fund’s U.S. operations purchase Canadian dollars at market rates to fund the monthly interest payments.   

Credit risk 

The  carrying  amount  of  financial  assets  represents  the  maximum  credit  exposure.    Cash  is  in  the  form  of  deposits  on 
demand  with  major  financial  institutions  that  have  strong  long-term  credit  ratings.    The Fund  is  subject  to  risk  of  non-
payment of accounts receivable; however, the Fund’s receivables are largely collected from the insurers of its customers.  
Accordingly,  the  Fund’s  accounts  receivable  comprises  mostly  amounts  due  from  national  and  international  insurance 
companies or provincial crown corporations.   

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
                
                  
                  
                
                
                
                
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

Aging of accounts receivable
As at

Neither impaired nor past due
Past due:

Over 90 days

Allowance for doubtful accounts

Accounts receivable

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$         

102,980

$            

101,437

3,587

4,616

$         

106,567
(1,479)

$            

106,053
(1,508)

$         

105,088

$            

104,545

The Fund uses an allowance account to record an estimate of potential impairment for accounts receivables.  The Fund has 
not identified specific accounts it believes to be impaired.   

Allowance for doubtful accounts
As at

Balance, beginning of year
Increase (decrease) in allowance (net of recoveries and amounts
     written off)

Balance, end of year

Liquidity risk 

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$              

1,508

$                   

999

(29)

509

$              

1,479

$                

1,508

The following table details the Fund’s remaining contractual maturities for its financial liabilities.   

Accounts payable and 
   accrued liabilities
Long-term debt
Obligations under finance 
   leases
Operating lease obligation

Total

Within 1 
year

1 to 2 
years

2 to 3 
years

3 to 4 
years

4 to 5 
years

After 5 
years

$      

267,991
288,159

$  

267,991
16,390

$       

-      
13,672

$       

-      
10,828

$       

-      
5,446

$       

-      
226,728

$       

-      
15,095

8,407
535,533

3,846
93,820

2,080
85,726

2,379
75,882

13
63,278

13
47,137

76
169,690

$   

1,100,090

$  

382,047

$  

101,478

$    

89,089

$    

68,737

$  

273,878

$  

184,861

Obligations  of  the  Fund  are  generally  satisfied  through  future  operating  cash  flows  and  the  collection  of  accounts 
receivable. 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
                
                  
               
                
 
 
 
  
                     
                     
 
 
 
 
    
        
      
      
      
        
    
      
            
        
        
        
             
             
             
        
      
      
      
      
      
    
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

Market Risk and Sensitivity Analysis 

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of financial instruments will fluctuate because of changes in 
market prices.  Components of market risk to which the Fund is exposed are interest rate risk and foreign exchange rate 
risk as discussed above. 

The Fund has used a sensitivity analysis technique that measures the estimated change to net earnings and equity of a 1% 
(100 basis points) difference in market interest rates.  The sensitivity analysis assumes that changes in market interest rates 
only affect interest income or expense of variable financial instruments not covered by hedging instruments.  For the year 
ended December 31, 2018 it is estimated that the impact of a 1% increase to market rates would result in a $2,051 decrease 
(2017 – $965 decrease) to net earnings as well as comprehensive earnings. 

The currency risk sensitivity analysis is based on a 5% strengthening or weakening of the Canadian Dollar against the U.S. 
Dollar  and  assumes  that  all  other  variables  remain  constant.    Under  this  assumption,  net  earnings  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2018 as well as comprehensive earnings would have changed by $nil due to no foreign exchange contracts 
being in place at the end of 2018 and 2017.     

Exchangeable Class A Common Shares 

The Class A common shares of BGHI are exchangeable into units of the Fund.  To facilitate the exchange, BGHI issues 
one Class B common share to the Fund for each Class A common share that has been retracted.  The Fund in turn issues 
a trust  unit to the Class  A common shareholder.   The  exchangeable  feature  results  in the Class  A  common  shares of 
BGHI  being  presented  as  financial  liabilities  of  the  Fund.    Exchangeable  Class  A  shares  are  measured  at  the  market 
price of the units of the Fund as at the statement of financial position date.  Exchanges are recorded at carrying value.  
At December 31, 2018 there were 190,784 (2017 – 200,395) shares outstanding with a carrying value of $21,549 (2017 
– $20,218).  Total retractions for the year were 9,611 (2017 – 3,798) for $1,042 (2017 – $355).    

Non-controlling interest put option and call liability 

On  May  31,  2013,  the  Fund  entered  into  a  contribution  agreement  whereby  Glass  America  Inc.  contributed  its  auto-
glass business to Gerber Glass in exchange for membership representing a 30% ownership interest in a new combined 
Glass America LLC. The GA Company Agreement contained a put option as well as a call option, which provided the 
non-controlling interest with the right to require Gerber Glass to purchase their retained interest and Gerber Glass with 
the  right  to  require  the  non-controlling  interest  to  sell  their  retained  interest  respectively,  according  to  a  valuation 
formula  defined  in  the  GA  Company  Agreement.    On  September  29,  2017,  Gerber  Glass  exercised  its  call  option  to 
acquire the 30% interest in the Glass America entity.  On January 31, 2019, the call option transaction was completed, 
and Gerber Glass LLC acquired the 30% non-controlling interest in Glass America LLC.   

On  May  31,  2013,  in  connection  with  the  acquisition  of  Glass  America,  the  Fund  amended  and  restated  the  limited 
liability company agreement of Gerber Glass LLC (the “Gerber Glass Company Agreement”) which provides a member 
of  its  U.S.  management  team  the  opportunity  to  participate  in  the  future  growth  of  the  Fund’s  U.S.  glass  business.  
Within the agreement was a put option held by the non-controlling member that provided the member an option to put 
the business back to the  Fund according to  a  valuation  formula  defined in the  agreement.   On October  31,  2016, the 
Fund amended the Gerber Glass Company Agreement.  The put option held by the non-controlling member continues 
to provide the member an option to put the business back to the Fund according to a valuation formula defined in the 
Gerber  Glass  Company  Agreement;  however,  the  put  option  is  not  exercisable  until  December  31,  2018  and  is 
exercisable  anytime  thereafter  by  the  glass-business  operating  member.    The  put  option  may  be  exercised  before 
December  31,  2018  upon  the  occurrence  of  certain  unusual  events  such  as  a  change  of  control  or  resignation  of  the 
operating member.  All fair value changes in the estimated liability are recorded in earnings.   

The liability recognized in connection with both the put option and the call liability have been calculated using formulas 
defined in the applicable limited liability company agreements.  The formula for the Glass America call is based on a 
multiple  of  EBITDA  for  the  trailing  twelve  months  ended  August  31,  2017.    The  formula  for  the  U.S.  management 
team member put option is based on a multiple of EBITDA for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2018.   

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

During 2018, the Fund made $nil (2017 - $221) in payments to the Glass America non-controlling interest. 

The liability for non-controlling interest put options comprises the following:  

As at

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

Glass-business operating partner non-controlling interest put option 
Glass America non-controlling interest call liability

$              

6,905
13,651

$                

7,075
14,167

$            

20,556

$              

21,242

The change in the non-controlling interest put option and call liabilities is summarized as follows: 

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2017

Glass-business 
operating 
partner

Glass America 
non-controlling 
interest

Glass-business 
operating 
partner

Glass America 
non-controlling 
interest

Balance, beginning of year
Fair value adjustments
Payment to non-controlling interests
Foreign exchange

$              

7,075
(753)
-       
583

$            

14,167
(1,728)
-       
1,212

$                  

7,998
(381)
-       
(542)

$                

21,204
(5,498)
(221)
(1,318)

Balance, end of year

$              

6,905

$            

13,651

$                  

7,075

$                

14,167

During  2018,  a  fair  value  adjustment  recovery  in  the  amount  of  $2,481  (2017  –  $5,879)  was  recorded  to  earnings 
related to the non-controlling interest put option and call liability. 

The exercise price for the call option regarding the Glass America non-controlling interest was calculated in accordance 
with the terms of the GA Company Agreement. The Glass America non-controlling interest member did not agree with 
the calculation of the exercise price, including certain material changes, and the matter was been submitted to binding 
arbitration  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  GA  Company  Agreement.    On  January  31,  2019,  the  call  option 
transaction was completed, and Gerber Glass LLC acquired the 30% non-controlling interest in Glass America LLC. 

16.  UNIT BASED PAYMENT OBLIGATION 

Pursuant to the Fund’s Option Agreement and Confirmation, the Fund has granted options to purchase units of the Fund 
to certain key executives.  The following options are outstanding: 

Issue Date

Number of Units Exercise Price Expiry Date

December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
Fair Value

Fair Value

January 2, 2008
January 2, 2009
January 2, 2010

150,000
150,000
150,000

$                  
$                  
$                  

2.70
3.14
5.41

January 2, 2018
January 2, 2019
January 2, 2020

$                          

-      
-       
14,936

$                     

14,729
13,465
11,991

$                    

14,936

$                     

40,185

On November 26, 2018, the Fund completed the settlement of the unit options issued on January 2, 2009.  As a result 
of  the  settlement,  150,000  units  were  issued  at  an  exercise  price  of  $3.14.    The  fair  value  of  the  unit  options  at 
settlement was $15,416. 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
              
                
 
 
 
 
                  
               
                      
                   
                  
                  
                     
                      
                    
                
                      
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
               
               
                           
                       
               
                       
                       
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

On January 2, 2018, the Fund completed the settlement of the unit options issued on January 2, 2008.  As a result of 
the settlement, 150,000 units were issued at an exercise price of $2.70.  The fair value of the unit options at settlement 
was $14,729. 

The  fair  value  of  each  outstanding  option  is  estimated  using  a  Black-Scholes  valuation  model  with  the  following 
assumptions  used  for  the  outstanding  options  granted:    stock  price  $112.95,  dividend  yield  0.52%  and  expected 
volatility 23.75% (determined as a weighted standard deviation of the unit price over the past four years).  The risk free 
interest rate assumptions used in the valuation model are as follows:  January 2, 2008 issuance - N/A, January 2, 2009 
issuance – N/A, January 2, 2010 issuance – 1.92%. 

During 2018, a fair value adjustment expense in the amount of $4,896 (2017 – $9,783) was recorded to earnings related 
to these unit based payment obligations.   

17.  LEASE COMMITMENTS  

The  Fund  has  various  operating  lease commitments,  primarily  in  respect  of  leased  premises.    The  aggregate  amount  of 
future  minimum  lease  payments  associated  with  these  leases  is  $535,533  (2017  -  $535,715).    The  minimum  amounts 
payable over the next five years are as follows: 

Less than 1 year
1 to 5 years
Greater than 5 years

$              

93,820
272,023
169,690

$            

535,533

Included in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 are operating lease expenses, primarily in respect 
of leased premises of $91,260 (2017 – $78,556). 

18.  CONTINGENCIES 

 The Fund has two U.S. denominated letters of credit for $225 U.S. (2017 –$225 U.S.). 

19.  ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS  

Balance, beginning of year
Unrealized gain (loss) on translating financial statements of foreign 
     operations

Balance, end of year

December 31, December 31,

2018

2017

$            

38,810

$              

65,560

38,827

(26,750)

$            

77,637

$              

38,810

There is no tax impact of translating the financial statements of the foreign operation. 

83 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
              
              
 
 
 
 
 
              
              
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

20.  CAPITAL 

Unitholders’ Capital 

Authorized:  
Unlimited number of trust units 

An unlimited number of units are authorized and may be issued pursuant to the Declaration of Trust.  All units are of 
the same class  with  equal rights and  privileges.   Each unit is redeemable and transferable.   A unit  entitles the holder 
thereof to participate equally in distributions, including the distributions of net earnings and net realized capital gains of 
the Fund and distributions on termination or winding-up of the Fund, is fully paid and non-assessable and entitles the 
holder thereof to one vote at all meetings of Unitholders for each unit held. 

During  2017,  at  the  request  of  the  holder,  the  Fund  converted  $1,542  principal  amount  of  the  2014  Debentures  into 
25,112 units of the Fund.  The fair value of the 2014 Debentures at the time of conversion was $2,334.  

On  July  4,  2017,  the  Company  acquired  the  assets  and  business  of  Assured.    Funding  for  the  Assured  transaction 
included the issuance of 537,872 units of the Fund to the sellers at a unit price of $96.15.   

On November 2, 2017, the Fund completed the early redemption and cancellation of its 2014 Debentures due October 
31,  2021.    Subsequent  to  the  initial  announcement  of  the  early  redemption,  $52,376  principal  amount  of  the  2014 
Debentures were converted into 853,027 units of the Fund. The remaining $2,547 in 2014 Debentures were redeemed 
and cancelled by issuing 28,995 units. 

21.  CONTRIBUTED SURPLUS 

Units  purchased  under  the  Fund’s  Normal  Course  Issuer  Bid  for  a  value  below  their  carrying  amount  represent  a 
contribution to the benefit of the remaining unitholders and the difference is credited to contributed surplus.  The Fund 
purchased units for cancellation under Normal Course Issuer Bids in 2009, 2008, and 2007.   

22.   CAPITAL STRUCTURE 

The Fund’s and Company’s objective when managing capital is to maintain a flexible capital structure which optimizes 
the cost of capital at acceptable risk.  The Fund includes in its definition of capital: equity, long-term debt, convertible 
debentures,  convertible  debenture  conversion  features,  exchangeable  Class  A  shares,  non-controlling  interest  put 
options and call liability, unit based payment obligations, obligations under finance leases, net of cash.  

The  Fund  and  Company  manage  the  capital  structure  and  make  adjustments  to  it  by  taking  into  account  changing 
economic  conditions,  operating  performance  and  growth  opportunities.    In  order  to  maintain  or  adjust  the  capital 
structure,  the  Fund  or  Company  may  adjust  the  amount  of  distributions  and  dividends  it  pays,  purchase  units  for 
cancellation pursuant to a normal course issuer bid, issue new units, exchange Class A shares, issue new debt or replace 
existing  debt  with  different  characteristics,  issue  convertible  debentures,  issue  unit  options,  expand  the  revolver, 
increase  or  decrease  its  obligations  under  finance  lease,  pursue  alternative  structuring  of  acquisitions,  trigger  call 
options  on  certain  acquisition  obligations,  or  settle  certain  acquisition  obligations  using  a  greater  amount  of  cash  or 
units. 

The Company  monitors capital on  a number of bases, including  a fixed  charge coverage ratio, total debt to Adjusted 
EBITDA ratios, return on invested capital, a debt to capital ratio, a current ratio, its adjusted distributable cash payout 
ratio,  diluted  earnings  per  unit  and  distributions  per  unit.    The  fixed  charge  coverage  ratio  is  the  ratio  of  Adjusted 
EBITDA, adding back rental expense, less unfunded capital expenditures, less income tax expense, less dividends and 
distributions to debt, rental expense and capital lease payments.  Total debt to Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as the 
Company’s total debt and capital leases but excluding convertible debentures divided by Adjusted EBITDA.  Return on 
invested  capital  is  the  ratio  of  Adjusted  EBITDA  to  average  invested  capital.    Adjusted  EBITDA  is  a  non-GAAP 
measure,  whose  nearest  GAAP  measure  is  Cash  Flow  from  Operations.    The  distributable  cash  payout  ratio  is 
calculated  by  dividing  the  distributions  paid  during  the  period  by  adjusted  distributable  cash.    Adjusted  distributable 
cash is a non-GAAP measure, whose nearest GAAP measure is Cash Flow from Operations.   

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

The  Fund’s  strategy  has  been  to  maintain  a  strong  statement  of  financial  position  including  its  cash  position  and 
financial  flexibility  while  maintaining  consistent  distributions  in  order  to  capitalize  on  growth  opportunities.    In 
addition, the Fund believes that, from time  to time, the market price of the  units may not fully reflect the underlying 
value of the units and that at such times the purchase of units would be in the best interest of the Fund.  Such purchases 
increase the proportionate ownership interest of all remaining unitholders.  

The  Company  grows,  in  part,  through  the  acquisition  or  start-up  of  collision  and  glass  repair  and  replacement 
businesses,  or  other  businesses.    Sources  of  capital  that  the  Company  has  been  successful  at  accessing  in  the  past 
include public and private equity placements, convertible debt offerings, the use of equity securities to directly pay for a 
portion of acquisitions, capital available through strategic alliances with trading partners, capital lease financing, seller 
financing and both senior and subordinate debt facilities or by deferring possible future purchase price payments using 
contingent consideration and call or put options. 

23.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

To broaden and deepen management ownership in the Fund, the Company established the Senior Managers Unit Loan 
Program (“Unit Loan Program”) in December 2012, which facilitated the one-time purchase of 121,607 of trust units 
held by Brock Bulbuck, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Tim O’Day, President and Chief Operating Officer 
US  Operations,  to  existing  Boyd  trustees  and  senior  managers.  Only  senior  managers  were  eligible  to  receive  loan 
support, and only up to 75% of each senior manager’s unit purchase.  The loans bear interest at a fixed rate of 3% per 
annum with interest payable monthly.  For the first five years of the loan, ending December 2017, 2% of the original 
loan  amount  was  forgiven  and  applied  as  a  reduction  of  the  loan  principal.    This  forgiveness  is  conditional  on  the 
employee being employed by the Company and the employee not being in default of the loan.  Participants are required 
to make monthly payments equal to .25% of the original principal amount.  Beginning March 31, 2013 participants are 
required to make additional minimum repayments of principal equal to the lesser of 12.5% of their annual pre-tax bonus 
or 12.5% of the original loan amount.  Participants are required to repay the loan in full on the earlier of termination of 
employment,  the  sale  of  the  units,  or  ten  years  from  the  date  of  loan  issuance.    The  loan  can  be  repaid  at  any  time 
without  penalty;  however,  the  2%  future  annual  forgiveness  would  be  forfeited.    Units  purchased  are  held  by  the 
Company as security for repayment of the loan.  Pursuant to the conditions of the senior manager unit loan program, 
loan  repayments  by  senior  managers  amounted  to  $63  for  2018  (2017  -  $223).    At  December  31,  2018,  the  carrying 
value of loans made under the Unit Loan Program was $22 (2017 - $85). Subsequent to year-end, all loans made under 
the Unit Loan Program were fully repaid. 

In certain circumstances the Company has entered into property lease arrangements where an employee of the Company 
is the landlord.  In most cases, the Company assumes these property lease arrangements initially in connection with an 
acquisition.  The property leases for these locations do  not contain any significant non-standard terms and conditions 
that would not normally exist in an arm’s length relationship, and the Fund has determined that the terms and conditions 
of the leases are representative of fair market rent values.    

85 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

The following are the lease expense amounts for facilities under lease with related parties: 

Landlord

Affiliated Person(s)

Location

Lease   December 31,  December 31,
Expires

2017

2018

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Richmond Hill, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Ottawa, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Ajax, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Mississauga, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Oakville, ON

D'Silva Real Estate 
    Holdings Inc.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Barrie, ON

2035

2035

2036

2032

2035

2032

Gerber Building No. 1 
    Ptnrp

 Eddie Cheskis, 
       & Tim O'Day 

South Elgin, IL

2023

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Missisauga, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Hamilton,ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Missisauga, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Missisauga, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Missisauga, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Scarborough, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Toronto, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Brampton, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Hamilton, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Woodstock, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva  

Etobicoke, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Milton, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Brantford, ON

Kard Properties Ltd.

 Desmond D'Silva 

Ottawa, ON

2035

2036

2035

2035

2036

2036

2023

2036

2035

2037

2037

2035

2020

2036

$              

188

$                  

92

257

87

50

188

420

122

105

62

50

309

100

87

50

100

103

67

213

113

83

212

127

42

25

92

180

120

52

31

24

153

50

44

25

49

51

33

105

56

-

104

The  Fund’s  subsidiary,  The  Boyd  Group  Inc.,  has  declared  dividends  totaling  $57  (2017  -  $56),  through  BGHI  to 
4612094 Manitoba Inc., an entity controlled by a senior officer of the Fund.  At December 31, 2018, 4612094 Manitoba 
Inc.  owned  107,329  Class  A  common  shares  and  30,000,000  voting  common  shares  of  BGHI,  representing 
approximately 30% of the total voting shares of BGHI.   

24.  SEGMENTED REPORTING 

The Fund has one reportable line of business, being automotive collision repair and related services, with all revenues 
relating to a group of similar services.  In this circumstance, IFRS requires the Fund to provide geographical disclosure.  
For  the  periods  reported,  all  of  the  Fund’s  revenues  were  derived  within  Canada  or  the  United  States  of  America.  
Reportable  assets  include  property,  plant  and  equipment,  goodwill  and  intangible  assets  which  are  all  located  within 
these two geographic areas. 

86 

 
 
 
 
 
  
                 
                  
                   
                    
                   
                    
                 
                    
                 
                  
                 
                  
                 
                    
                   
                    
                   
                    
                 
                  
                 
                    
                   
                    
                   
                    
                 
                    
                 
                    
                   
                    
                 
                  
                 
                    
                   
                      
                 
                  
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

Revenues

Canada
United States

Reportable Assets
As at

Canada
United States

For the years ended                            

December 31, 

2018

2017

$            

289,482
1,575,131

$              

178,968
1,390,480

$        

1,864,613

$           

1,569,448

December 31,
2018

December 31, 
2017

$            

239,504
749,255

$              

231,928
568,016

$            

988,759

$              

799,944

The Fund’s revenues are largely derived from the insurers of its customers, who are generally automobile owners.  In 
three Canadian provinces where the Fund operates, government-owned insurance companies have, by legislation, either 
exclusive or semi-exclusive rights to provide insurance to the Fund’s customers.  Sales generated in these three markets 
represent approximately 2% (2017 – 4%) of the Fund’s total sales.  Although the Fund’s services in these markets are 
predominately paid for by these government-owned  insurance  companies,  the  Fund’s customers (automobile owners) 
have  freedom  of  choice  of  repair  provider.    In  markets  where  non-government  owned  insurance  companies  are 
predominant,  formal  relationships  with  insurance  companies  such  as  Direct  Repair  Programs  (“DRPs”)  play  an 
important role in generating sales volumes for the Fund. Although automobile owners still have the freedom of choice 
of  repair  provider,  that  choice  can  be  influenced  by  the  insurance  companies  with  DRPs.    Of  the  top  five  non-
government owned insurance companies that the Fund deals with, which in aggregate account for approximately 40% 
(2017 – 44%) of total sales,  one insurance company represents approximately 13% (2017 – 14%) of the Fund’s total 
sales, while a second insurance company represents approximately 11% (2017 – 13%). 

25.   COMPENSATION OF KEY MANAGEMENT 

Compensation awarded to key management included: 

Salaries and short-term employee benefits
Post-employment benefits
Long-term incentive plan
Unit options

For the years ended December 31, 

2018

2017

$                

5,234
95
2,872
4,896

$                  

4,654
90
2,266
9,783

$              

13,097

$                

16,793

Key  management  includes  the  Fund’s  Trustees  as  well  as  the  most  senior  officers  of  the  Fund  and  Subsidiary 
Companies. 

87 

 
 
 
 
 
           
             
 
 
 
              
                
 
 
 
 
 
 
                        
                         
                   
                    
                   
                    
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

26.    SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION 

Certain executive officers of the Fund, as well as the Board of Directors of the Company and BGHI, participate in share-
based compensation plans.  These plans are cash-settled, with compensation expense determined based on the fair value of 
the associated liability at the end of the reporting period until the awards are settled.   

Long-term incentive plan 

On  January  1,  2016,  January  1,  2017  and  January  1,  2018,  Performance  Cash  Units  were  granted  to  certain  executive 
officers for the 2016, 2017 and 2018 grant years.  Performance Cash Units are tied to unit value from date of grant to the 
date of vesting and will be paid out in cash over a three-year period, subject to the terms of the plan.  Performance Cash 
Units represent the right to receive payments  linked to the Fund’s  unit  value, conditional, in whole or in part, upon the 
achievement  of  one  or  more  objective  performance  goals.    The  distribution  rate  declared  by  the  Fund  on  issued  and 
outstanding units of the Fund is also applied to the Performance Cash Units.  The distribution amount on the Performance 
Cash Units is converted into additional Performance Cash Units based on the market value of the Fund’s units at the time 
of the distribution.  These additional Performance Cash Units vest at the same time as the Performance Cash Units that the 
distribution rate was applied on.   

The  2016,  2017  and  2018  Awards  include  non-market  performance  conditions.    The  impact  of  market  and  non-market 
performance conditions is recognized  through  the adjustment of the award that is expected to  vest.   At  the  end of each 
reporting period, the Fund re-assesses its estimates of the number of awards that are expected to vest and recognizes the 
impact of the revision to compensation expense in earnings over the vesting period. 

The fair value of each  outstanding Performance  Cash  Unit is estimated based  on  the  fair  market  value  of  the  Fund’s 
units  at  the  grant  date,  subsequently  adjusted  for  additional  units  granted  based  on  the  reinvestment  of  notional 
distributions  and  the  market  value  of  the  units  at  the  end  of  each  reporting  period.    The  associated  compensation 
expense is recognized over the vesting period, factoring in the probability of the performance criteria being met during 
that period.  

Directors Deferred Share Unit Plan 

A  Directors  Deferred  Share  Unit  Plan  (“DSUP”)  is  administered  through  BGHI  and  requires  independent  Trustees, 
who are also Directors of BGHI, to receive at least 60% of their Director compensation in the form of deferred shares, 
which  are  essentially  notional  shares  of  BGHI  and  are  redeemable  for  cash  on  termination.    Directors  may  elect  to 
receive up to 100% of their Director compensation in the form of deferred shares.  The number of deferred share units 
to which a Director is entitled will be adjusted for the payment of dividends or other cash distributions on the Class A 
common shares of BGHI.  

The  fair  value  of  each  outstanding  Director  Deferred  Share  Unit  is  estimated  based  on  the  fair  market  value  of  the 
BGHI’s  shares  at  the  grant  date,  subsequently  adjusted  for  additional  shares  granted  based  on  the  reinvestment  of 
notional dividends and the market value of the shares at the end of each reporting period. 

27.   EMPLOYEE EXPENSES 

Salaries and short-term employee benefits
Post-employment benefits
Long-term incentive plan
Unit options

For the years ended December 31, 

2018

2017

$            

701,476
95
4,150
4,896

$              

596,309
90
3,139
9,783

$            

710,617

$              

609,321

88 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                        
                         
                   
                    
                   
                    
 
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

28.  DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION PLANS 

The  Fund  has  defined  contribution  pension  plans  for  certain  employees.    The  Fund  matches  U.S.  employee 
contributions at rates up to 6.0% of the employees’ salary.  The expense and payments for the year were $1,639 (2017 - 
$1,248).    The  Fund  has  established  a  Retirement  Defined  Contribution  Arrangement  Trust  Agreement  for  the  CEO 
which qualifies as retirement compensation arrangement as defined in the Income Tax Act (Canada), RSC 1985, c.1 (5th 
Supplement), as amended.  The agreement specifies that quarterly contributions are to be made until the end of 2024.  
During 2018, $95 (2017 - $90) was paid related to these arrangements. 

29.   EARNINGS PER UNIT  

Net earnings
Less:

Non-controlling interest put options 
    and call liability

Net earnings - diluted basis

Basic weighted average number of units
Add:

Non-controlling interest put options 
    and call liability

Average number of units outstanding - 
diluted basis

Basic earnings per unit
Diluted earnings per unit

For the years ended                            

December 31, 

2018

2017

$              

77,639

$                

58,435

(2,481)

(5,879)

$              

75,158

$                

52,556

19,684,337

18,489,781

171,826

224,662

19,856,163

18,714,443

$                
$                

3.944
3.785

$                  
$                  

3.160
2.808

Exchangeable class A shares and unit options are instruments that could potentially dilute basic earnings per unit in the 
future, but were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per unit because they are anti-dilutive for the periods 
presented. 

30.  CHANGES IN NON-CASH OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL ITEMS 

Accounts receivable
Inventory
Prepaid expenses
Accounts payable
Income taxes, net

For the years ended December 31, 

2018

2017

$             

(11,294)
(972)
(2,814)
45,238
3,865

$                 

(7,702)
(674)
(5,480)
26,586
(9,664)

$              

34,023

$                  

3,066

89 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 
                   
        
           
              
                
        
           
 
 
 
 
                     
                      
                 
                   
                
                  
                   
                   
 
  
 
BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 
(thousands of Canadian dollars, except unit, share and per unit/share amounts) 

31.  RECONCILIATION OF LIABILITIES ARISING FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

As at

Non-cash changes

December 31,
2017

Cash 
Flows

Acquisition Other items

Fair value
changes

Foreign  December 31,
exchange

2018

Fund units issued from 
  treasury in connection 
  with options exercised
Long-term debt
Obligations under 
   finance leases
Dividends and distributions
Non-controlling interest 
   put options and call 
   liability

Issue costs

$            

-       
257,976

$          

876
1,720

$        

-       
20,073

$        

-       
172

$        

-       
-       

$        

-       
8,218

$            

-       
288,159

8,921
869

(3,906)
(10,522)

-       
-       

2,784
10,555

-       
-       

608
-       

8,407
902

21,242
-       

-       
(101)

-       
-       

-       

(2,481)
-       

1,795
-       

20,556
-       

$       

289,008

(11,933)

20,073

13,511

(2,481)

10,621

$     

318,024

As at

Non-cash changes

December 31,
2016

Cash 
Flows

Acquisition Other items

Fair value
changes

Foreign  December 31, 
exchange

2017

Long-term debt
Obligations under 
   finance leases
Dividends and distributions
Non-controlling interest 
   put options and call 
   liability
Issue costs

$       

101,617

$   

154,982

$       

6,641

$          

350

$        

-       

$      

(5,614)

$     

257,976

11,892
787

(4,349)
(9,618)

29,202
-       

(221)
(192)

-       
-       

-       
-       

1,951
9,700

-       
-       

(573)
-       

8,921
869

-       
-       

(5,879)
-       

(1,860)
-       

21,242
-       

$       

143,498

140,602

6,641

12,001

(5,879)

(8,047)

$     

289,008

90 

 
 
 
 
 
 
         
         
       
            
          
         
       
             
        
          
         
          
            
            
                
      
          
       
          
          
               
           
          
          
        
         
          
              
           
          
          
          
          
              
      
       
       
        
       
   
           
        
          
         
          
           
            
                
        
          
         
          
          
               
           
           
          
          
        
        
          
              
           
          
          
          
          
              
     
         
       
        
        
 
BOARD OF TRUSTEES 

The Boyd Group Income Fund Board of Trustees consists of eight members – two that are officers of the Fund and six that 
are independent Trustees.  The Chairman of the Board is Allan Davis.  The Boyd Group Income Fund Board of Trustees has 
established three standing committees: The Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee, The Audit Committee, and 
the Executive Compensation Committee. 

The Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee is chaired by Sally Savoia and includes Robert Gross, Allan Davis 
and Violet (Vi) A.M. Konkle.  The Audit Committee is chaired by David Brown and includes Allan Davis, Gene Dunn and 
Violet (Vi) A.M. Konkle.  The Executive Compensation  Committee is chaired by Gene Dunn and includes David Brown, 
Robert Gross and Sally Savoia. 

David  Brown  is  currently  President  and  CEO  of  Richardson  Capital  and  Managing  Director  of  RBM  Capital  Limited. 
Previously,  he  was  Corporate  Secretary  of  James  Richardson  &  Sons,  Limited,  and  a  partner  in  the  independent  law  and 
accounting firm of Gray & Brown.  In addition to serving on the Board of Trustees of the Fund, he also serves as a Director 
of  GMP  Capital,  Inc.,  Richardson  Financial  Group  and  Pollard  Banknote  Limited.  He  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Manitoba law school, and is a Chartered Professional Accountant and member of the Manitoba Bar Association. 

Brock Bulbuck is the CEO of the Fund.  Since joining Boyd in 1993, he has played a leading role in the development and 
growth of the business.  He is a Chartered Professional Accountant and is responsible for the affairs of the Fund, including 
strategy,  operations  and  performance  In  addition  to  serving  on  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Fund,  he  also  serves  as  a 
Director on the Board of The North West Company and as a Director of the Pan Am Clinic Foundation.  He is also a former 
Chair of the Winnipeg Football Club Board of Directors and a former Governor of the Canadian Football League. 

Allan  Davis  is  the  Independent  Chairman  of  the  Fund’s  Board  of  Trustees.    He  is  also  President  and  Director  of  AFD 
Investments Inc., a Winnipeg based management consulting firm.  In addition to serving on the Board of Trustees, he is also 
a member of the Exchange Income Corporation Board of Directors.  He is a Chartered Professional Accountant and holds a 
Bachelor of Commerce (Honours) degree from the University of Manitoba. 

Gene Dunn is the Chairman of Monarch Industries Ltd. of Winnipeg, a leading Canadian manufacturing company, where 
he previously served as President and CEO.  He is Past Chairman of the Board of Governors for Balmoral Hall School for 
Girls and Past Chairman of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers Football Club.  Mr. Dunn is also the Past Chairman of the Board of 
Governors of the Canadian Football League. 

Robert Gross is the past Executive Chairman of Monro, Inc., the largest chain of company-operated automotive undercar 
repair  and  tire  service  facilities  in  the  United  States.    He  served  as  CEO  of  Monro  from  1999  until  October  2012  and  as 
Executive Chairman from October 2012 to August 2017.  Prior to his time at Monro, he served as Chairman and CEO at 
Tops Appliance City, Inc. and before that as President and COO at Eye Care Centers of America, Inc., a Sears, Roebuck & 
Co. company. 

Violet (Vi) A.M. Konkle is the past President and Chief Executive Officer of The Brick Ltd.  Prior to joining The Brick in 
2010  as  President,  Business  Support,  she  held  a  number  of  positions  with  Walmart  Canada,  including  Chief  Operating 
Officer and Chief Customer Officer.  Ms. Konkle also held a number of senior executive positions with Loblaw Companies 
Ltd.,  including  Executive  Vice  President,  Atlantic  Wholesale  Division.    Ms.  Konkle  is  a  director  of  The  North  West 
Company  Inc.  (a  TSX  listed  public  company)  as  well  as  being  on  the  board  of  three  privately  held  companies  including 
Bailey Metal Products, Elswood Investment Corporation and Longo’s Brothers Fruit Markets Inc. Ms. Konkle also acts as 
an Advisor to the Board of Abarta, a Pittsburgh-based privately held company.   She is a past director of Dare Foods, The 
Brick Ltd., Trans Global Insurance, the Canadian Chamber of Commerce and the National Board of Habitat for Humanity. 

Tim O’Day is Boyd’s President and COO of the Fund. He joined Gerber Collision & Glass in February 1998.  With Boyd 
Group’s  acquisition  of  Gerber  in  2004,  he  was  appointed  COO  for  Boyd’s  U.S  Operations.    In  2008,  he  was  appointed 
President and COO for U.S. Operations.  Earlier in  his career, he was  with Midas International, where he  was elevated to 
Vice President–Western Division, responsible for a territory that encompassed 500 Midas locations.  Mr. O’Day also serves 
on the I-Car Board as Chairman and served on the Board of the Collision Repair Education Foundation until March 2016 for 
a period of six years.   

91 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sally  Savoia  is  a  former  Vice  President  and  Chief  Human  Resource  Officer  for  Praxair  Inc.  and  since  her  retirement  in 
2014,  has  served  as  an  independent  corporate  consultant.    Ms.  Savoia’s  human  resources  experience  includes  executive 
compensation  design  and  implementation,  executive  level  succession  planning,  global  talent  management,  leadership 
development, diversity and inclusion efforts and global benefits design. 

92 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE DIRECTORY 

COMPANY OFFICERS & PRIMARY SUBSIDIARY COMPANY OFFICERS 

Brock Bulbuck 
Chief Executive Officer 

Tim O’Day 
President & Chief Operating Officer 

Stephen Boyd 
Vice President, 
Corporate Development  

Jeff Murray 
Vice President, 
Finance  

Narendra (Pat) Pathipati 
Executive Vice President, 
Chief Financial Officer & 
Secretary-Treasurer  

Gary Bunce * 
Senior Vice President, 
Sales 
US Operations 

Vince Claudio * 
Senior Vice President, 
U.S. Collision 

Kevin Burnett * 
Chief Operating Officer,  
U.S. Collision 

Eric Danberg * 
President, 
Boyd Autobody & Glass 

Eddie Cheskis * 
Chief Executive Officer, 
Glass America and Gerber National 
Claim Services  

Susie Frausto* 
Vice President, 
Marketing  

Kim Morin * 
Vice President & Chief Human 
Resources Officer 

Srikanth Venkataraman* 
Vice President, 
Information Services 

Desmond D’Silva* 
Chief Executive Officer,  
Assured Automotive 

Tony Canade* 
President, 
Assured Automotive 

* Officers of subsidiary companies only 

CORPORATE OFFICE 

1745 Ellice Avenue, Unit C1 
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 
R3H 1H9 

Telephone: (204) 895-1244 
Fax: (204) 895-1283 
Website: www.boydgroup.com 

For location information, please visit us at  www.boydgroup.com 

93 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UNITHOLDER INFORMATION 

BOYD GROUP INCOME FUND UNITS AND EXCHANGE LISTING 

Units of the Fund are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol BYD.UN 

Registrar, Transfer Agents and 
Distribution Agents 

Computershare Trust Company  
8th Floor, 100 University Avenue 
Toronto, Ontario 
M5J 2Y1 

Legal Counsel 

Auditors  

Thompson Dorfman Sweatman 
2200 – 201 Portage Avenue 
Winnipeg, Manitoba 
R3B 3L3 

Deloitte LLP 
2200 – 360 Main Street 
Winnipeg, Manitoba 
R3C 3Z3 

Bank Syndicate Lead Member 

Additional Bank Syndicate Members 

Toronto-Dominion Bank  
TD North Tower 
77 King Street West, 25th Floor 
Toronto, Ontario 
M5K 1A2 

Bank of America N.A., Canada Branch 
The Bank of Nova Scotia 
National Bank of Canada 

Annual General Meeting 

Wednesday, May 15, 2019 
Hilton Winnipeg Airport Suites Hotel 
1800 Wellington Avenue 
Winnipeg, Manitoba 
R3H 1B2 
1:00 p.m. (CT) 

94