Quarterlytics / Consumer Cyclical / Gambling, Resorts & Casinos / Boyd Group Services

Boyd Group Services

byd · TSX Consumer Cyclical
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Industry Gambling, Resorts & Casinos
Employees 10,000+
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FY2023 Annual Report · Boyd Group Services
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BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.

2023 Annual Report

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.

2023 Annual Report

_____________________________________________________________________

Table of Contents

       3
Report to Shareholders……..…………………………………………….……..….    
Message from the Independent Board Chair………………..……………….….               5
  6-45
Management’s Discussion & Analysis……………………………..………...…   
46-49
Certification of Annual Filings …………..……………………………..………… 
Consolidated Financial Statements

     51
Management’s Responsibility for Financial Reporting…………...…… 
Independent Auditor’s Report………………………………………….… 
     52
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position………………………...               56
     57
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity….………...…………. 
     58
Consolidated Statements of Earnings……….…………………………. 
     58
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings………....……. 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows…………………………….… 
     59
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements………..……………….…          60-95
Board of Directors………………………………………………………………….          96-98
      99
Corporate Directory……………………………………………………….………. 
    100
Shareholder Information…………………………………………………………….. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.

 REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

To our Shareholders,

In  2023,  Boyd  was  able  to  achieve  record  sales  levels  and  meaningful  improvement  in  leverage  and  profitability 
when compared to the prior year.  We are pleased with the progress we made in 2023 and, in particular, the level of 
same-store sales growth and the improved Adjusted EBITDA1 delivered consistently throughout the year, alongside 
the  addition  of  106  locations.    We  remain  focused  on  our  key  challenges  and  opportunities,  including  building 
capacity,  negotiating  sufficient  price  increases  to  recover  lost  labor  margin  from  wage  pressure,  growing  our 
calibration business and continuing to add locations.  

We achieved a high level of growth in sales in 2023, with total sales of $2.9 billion, representing a 21.1% increase 
when compared to the $2.4 billion achieved in 2022.  Same-store sales1 increased 15.8% and contributions from 186 
new  locations  that  had  not  been  in  operation  for  the  full  comparative  period  added  $146.6  million  of  incremental 
sales.  Same-store sales growth was positively impacted by pricing increases and high levels of demand for services, 
as well as an increase in production capacity related to technician hiring, increased productivity and growth in the 
Technician Development Program; however, ongoing staffing constraints continued to impact sales levels that could 
be  achieved.  Sales  also  increased  based  on  higher  repair  costs  due  to  increasing  vehicle  complexity,  higher  part 
content and cost, increased scanning and calibration services, as well as general market inflation.  

Adjusted  EBITDA1  for  2023  was  $368.2  million,  or  12.5%  of  sales,  compared  with  $273.5  million,  or  11.2%  of 
sales  in  2022.      The  increase  was  primarily  the  result  of  growth  in  sales  and  improvement  in  gross  margin 
percentage, which also provided improved leveraging of certain operating costs.  

Boyd posted net earnings of $86.7 million in 2023, or 2.9% of sales, compared to $41.0 million, or 1.7% of sales in 
2022 and earnings per share of $4.04 per share for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $1.91 for the 
same  period  of  2022.  Impacting  net  earnings  were  fair  value  adjustments  to  financial  instruments,  as  well  as 
acquisition and transaction costs (net of tax). After adjusting for these items, Adjusted net earnings1 for 2023 was 
$89.7 million or 3.0% of sales. This compares to Adjusted net earnings of $42.4 million or 1.7% of sales in 2022. 
Adjusted net earnings for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $4.18 per share, compared to $1.97 per share in 
2022.    Adjusted  net  earnings  for  the  period  was  positively  impacted  by  increased  sales,  higher  gross  margin 
percentage  and  improved  leverage  of  certain  operating  expenses.    Certain  costs,  such  as  depreciation  and 
amortization, are not variable and same-store sales increases resulted in a decrease in depreciation and amortization 
expense as a percentage of sales during 2023.  Finance costs increased as a result of increased borrowings during 
2023 fiscal.

With  respect  to  the  balance  sheet,  at  December  31,  2023,  BGSI  held  total  debt,  net  of  cash,  of  $1,114.5  million, 
compared  to  $963.0  million  at  December  31,  2022.  Total  debt,  net  of  cash,  includes  lease  liabilities  of  $715.3 
million at December 31, 2023, compared to $617.9 million at December 31, 2021. Debt, net of cash, increased when 

1  Adjusted	 EBITDA	 (earnings	 before	 interest,	 income	 taxes,	 depreciation	 and	 amortization,	 adjusted	 for	 the	 fair	 value	 adjustments	 related	 to	
contingent	consideration,	as	well	as	acquisition	and	transaction	costs),	adjusted	net	earnings,	adjusted	net		earnings	per	share	and	same-store	
sales	are	non-GAAP	financial	measures	and	ratios	and	are	not	recognized	measures	under	International	Financial	Reporting	Standards	(“IFRS”).	
Management	believes	that	in	addition	to	net	earnings	and	cash	flows,	the	supplemental	measures	of	adjusted	net	earnings	and	Adjusted	EBITDA	
are	useful	as	they	provide	investors	with	an	indication	of	earnings	from	operations	and	cash	available	for	distribution,	both	before	and	after	debt	
management,	productive	capacity	maintenance	and	non-recurring	and	other	adjustments.	Management	believes	that,	in	addition	to	sales,	the	
supplemental	measure	of	same-store	sales	is	useful	as	it	provides	investors	with	an	indication	of	the	increase	in	sales	without	accounting	for	
location	 growth	 and	 the	 impact	 of	 fluctuations	 in	 exchange	 rates	 during	 the	 period.	 	 Investors	 should	 be	 cautioned,	 however,	 that	 Adjusted	
EBITDA,	 adjusted	 net	 earnings	 and	 adjusted	 net	 earnings	 per	 share	 should	 not	 be	 construed	 as	 an	 alternative	 to	 net	 earnings	 determined	 in	
accordance	with	IFRS	as	an	indicator	of	Boyd's	performance.	Investors	should	also	be	cautioned	that	same-store	sales	should	not	be	construed	as	
an	alternative	to	sales	in	accordance	with	IFRS	as	an	indicator	of	Boyd’s	performance.	Boyd's	method	of	calculating	these	measures	may	differ	
from	other	public	issuers	and,	accordingly,	may	not	be	comparable	to	similar	measures	used	by	other	issuers.	For	a	detailed	explanation	of	how	
Boyd’s	 non-GAAP	 financial	 measures	 are	 calculated,	 please	 refer	 to	 the	 section	 titled	 “Non-GAAP	 Financial	 Measures	 and	 Ratios”	 in	 Boyd’s	
MD&A	filing	(dated	March	20,	2024)	for	the	period	ended	December	31,	2023,	starting	on	page	6	of	this	Annual	Report.		A	copy	of	Boyd’s	MD&A	
for	the	period	ended	December	31,	2023	can	be	accessed	via	the	SEDAR	Web	site	(www.sedarplus.com).		

3

compared  to  the  prior  year  primarily  as  a  result  of  an  increased  acquisition  activity  and  increased  capital 
expenditures, including start-up location growth.           

Based  on  Boyd’s  continued  growth,  the  strength  of  and  confidence  in  the  business,  Boyd  announced  a  Canadian 
dollar dividend increase of 2.0% to 60.0 cents per share annualized, up from 58.8 cents per share.

In November of 2020, we announced our five year growth strategy, in which Boyd intends to again double the size 
of the business over the five year period from 2021 to 2025, based on 2019 constant currency revenues, implying a 
compound annual growth rate of 15 percent. Given the high level of location growth in 2021, the strong same-store 
sales growth during 2022 and the combination of same-store sales growth and location growth in 2023, we are well 
on  the  way  to  achieving  this  goal.    We  remain  confident  in  our  business  model  and  its  ability  to  increase  market 
share  by  expanding  Boyd’s  presence  in  North  America  through  new  location  and  organic  growth  from  Boyd’s 
existing operations.

On behalf of myself, the executive team and our Board of Directors, I would like to thank all of our Boyd Group 
employees for their hard work and dedication, which allowed Boyd to successfully navigate through the impacts of 
the dynamic economic environment.  And on behalf of the Directors of Boyd Group Services Inc. and Boyd Group 
employees, thank you for your continued support.

Sincerely,

(signed)

Timothy O’Day
President & Chief Executive Officer

4

 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.

MESSAGE FROM THE INDEPENDENT BOARD CHAIR
______________________________________________________________________________

To our Shareholders,

Boyd’s strong and dedicated management team delivered impressive 2023 results.  Boyd posted record high sales, 
profitability and unit growth: sales increased 21% to $2.9 billion and Adjusted EBITDA1 increased by 35% to $368 
million.  The Board is incredibly proud of the commitment and drive demonstrated by the Boyd team in delivering 
these results.

Demand continued to outstrip production capacity in 2023 and although further improvements are both required and 
expected,  Boyd’s  workforce  and  productivity  initiatives  are  continuing  to  narrow  the  gap.  These  initiatives 
combined  with  customer  price  increases  resulted  in  our  Adjusted  EBITDA  margin  increasing  130  basis  points  to 
12.5% of sales.

We remain confident in meeting and exceeding our plan to double the size of the business on a constant currency 
basis  over  the  five-year  period  ending  in  2025  and  beyond  that  to  continue  to  increase  market  share  through  a 
combination of new locations and organic growth.

In July of 2023, Jeff Murray was appointed Chief Financial Officer of Boyd after serving as Interim Chief Financial 
Officer  for  the  first  half  of  the  year  and  having  been  with  Boyd  since  2004.  Jeff’s  significant  knowledge  of  the 
business  along  with  his  strong  background  in  accounting  and  finance  will  support  the  continued  execution  of  our 
priorities. We look forward to continuing to work with Jeff over the coming years.

The Board was pleased to welcome Christine Feuell to the Board at the most recent Annual General Meeting in May 
of  2023.  Christine  is  the  CEO  of  Chrysler  Brand  of  Stellantis,  and  she  has  brought  further  strength  and  industry 
knowledge to our Board. We look forward to Christine’s valuable contribution to our Board.

On  behalf  of  the  Board,  I  would  like  to  thank  the  management  team  and  all  employees  for  their  continued 
commitment and hard work, and our shareholders for their continued support.

Sincerely,

(signed) 

David G. Brown    
Independent Chair

1 Adjusted	EBITDA	(earnings	before	interest,	income	taxes,	depreciation	and	amortization,	adjusted	for	the	fair	value	adjustments	related	to	
contingent	consideration,	as	well	as	acquisition	and	transaction	costs),	adjusted	net	earnings,	adjusted	net		earnings	per	share	and	same-store	
sales	are	non-GAAP	financial	measures	and	ratios	and	are	not	recognized	measures	under	International	Financial	Reporting	Standards	(“IFRS”).	
Management	believes	that	in	addition	to	net	earnings	and	cash	flows,	the	supplemental	measures	of	adjusted	net	earnings	and	Adjusted	EBITDA	
are	useful	as	they	provide	investors	with	an	indication	of	earnings	from	operations	and	cash	available	for	distribution,	both	before	and	after	debt	
management,	productive	capacity	maintenance	and	non-recurring	and	other	adjustments.	Management	believes	that,	in	addition	to	sales,	the	
supplemental	measure	of	same-store	sales	is	useful	as	it	provides	investors	with	an	indication	of	the	increase	in	sales	without	accounting	for	
location	growth	and	the	impact	of	fluctuations	in	exchange	rates	during	the	period.		Investors	should	be	cautioned,	however,	that	Adjusted	
EBITDA,	adjusted	net	earnings	and	adjusted	net	earnings	per	share	should	not	be	construed	as	an	alternative	to	net	earnings	determined	in	
accordance	with	IFRS	as	an	indicator	of	Boyd's	performance.	Investors	should	also	be	cautioned	that	same-store	sales	should	not	be	construed	as	
an	alternative	to	sales	in	accordance	with	IFRS	as	an	indicator	of	Boyd’s	performance.	Boyd's	method	of	calculating	these	measures	may	differ	
from	other	public	issuers	and,	accordingly,	may	not	be	comparable	to	similar	measures	used	by	other	issuers.	For	a	detailed	explanation	of	how	
Boyd’s	non-GAAP	financial	measures	are	calculated,	please	refer	to	the	section	titled	“Non-GAAP	Financial	Measures	and	Ratios”	in	Boyd’s	
MD&A	filing	(dated	March	20,	2024)	for	the	period	ended	December	31,	2023,	starting	on	page	6	of	this	Annual	Report.		A	copy	of	Boyd’s	MD&A	
for	the	period	ended	December	31,	2023	can	be	accessed	via	the	SEDAR	Web	site	(www.sedarplus.com).	

5

Management’s Discussion & Analysis

OVERVIEW

Boyd Group Services Inc. (“BGSI”), through its operating company, The Boyd Group Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Boyd” or the 
“Company”), is one of the largest operators of non-franchised collision repair centers in North America in terms of number of 
locations and sales. The Company currently operates locations in Canada under the trade name Boyd Autobody & Glass and 
Assured Automotive, as well as in the U.S. under the trade name Gerber Collision & Glass.  The Company is also a major 
retail auto glass operator in the U.S., under the trade names Gerber Collision & Glass, Glass America, Auto Glass Service, 
Auto Glass Authority and Autoglassonly.com. In addition, the Company operates a third party administrator, Gerber National 
Claims  Services  (“GNCS”),  that  offers  glass,  emergency  roadside  and  first  notice  of  loss  services.    The  following  is  a 
geographic breakdown of locations by trade name and location as at March 19, 2024. 

Alberta

British Columbia

Manitoba

Saskatchewan

Ontario

942 locations

47 
locations

16

14

13

4

82 
locations

Florida

Michigan

Illinois

California

New York

Washington

Georgia

Wisconsin

82

Texas

North Carolina

Ohio

Indiana

Oklahoma

Arizona

Louisiana

Colorado

South Carolina

813 
locations

Maryland

Missouri

Minnesota

Tennessee

Kansas

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Alabama

Nevada

Hawaii

Kentucky

Utah

Iowa

Arkansas

Nebraska

Idaho

77

76

66

49

42

39

38

37

37

36

34

34

27

25

23

22

19

13

13

13

12

11

11

11

10

8

6

6

6

5

3

3

1

The above numbers include 33 intake locations.

The above numbers include 2 intake locations
and two fleet locations co-located with collision repair centers.

Boyd provides collision repair services to insurance companies and individual vehicle owners, with a high percentage of the 
Company’s revenue being derived from insurance-paid collision repair services. 

BGSI’s shares trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol TSX: BYD.TO.  

The following review of  BGSI’s operating and financial results for the year ended December 31, 2023, including material 
transactions  and  events  of  BGSI  up  to  and  including  March  19,  2024,  as  well  as  management’s  expectations  for  the  year 
ahead, should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements of BGSI for the year ended 
December 31, 2023, included on pages 51 to 95 of the annual report, and as filed on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.com.

6

SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

On  March  17,  2023,  the  BGSI  Board  of  Directors  declared  a  cash  dividend  for  the  first  quarter  of  2023  of  C$0.147  per 
common share. The dividend was paid on April 26, 2023 to common shareholders of record at the close of business on March 
31, 2023.

On May 11, 2023, BGSI announced the election of Christine Feuell to the Board of Directors.

On June 16, 2023, the BGSI Board of Directors declared a cash dividend for the second quarter of 2023 of C$0.147 per
common share. The dividend was paid on July 27, 2023 to common shareholders of record at the close of business on June
30, 2023.

On July 12, 2023, BGSI announced the appointment of Jeff Murray as Executive Vice-President & Chief Financial Officer,
effective immediately. 

On August 10, 2023, BGSI published Boyd’s second Environmental, Social and Governance Report.

On September 15, 2023, the BGSI Board of Directors declared a cash dividend for the third quarter of 2023 of C$0.147 per
common share. The dividend was paid on October 27, 2023 to common shareholders of record at the close of business on
September 30, 2023.

On October 3, 2023, BGSI commented on the potential impact of the United Auto Workers strike.  

On December 15, 2023, the BGSI Board of Directors declared a cash dividend for the fourth quarter of 2023 of C$0.15 per 
common share. The dividend was paid on January 29, 2024 to common shareholders of record at the close of business on 
December 31, 2023.

During 2023, the Company added 78 locations through acquisition and 28 start-up locations, for a total of 106 new collision 
repair  locations.  From  January  1,  2024  up  to  the  reporting  date  of  March  19,  2024,  the  Company  added  nine  locations 
through acquisition and one start-up location.  These new collision repair locations are as follows:

Date
January 3, 2023
January 6, 2023
January 16, 2023
January 18, 2023
January 18, 2023
February 3, 2023
February 3, 2023
February 3, 2023
February 8, 2023
February 10, 2023
February 10, 2023
February 17, 2023
February 22, 2023
February 27, 2023

Location
Cameron Park, CA
Abilene, TX
Lethbridge, AB
Venice, FL
Park City, UT
Hendersonville, NC
Rogers, MN
Tontitown, AR
Ocala, FL
Lansdale, PA
Sacramento, CA
Murrieta, CA
LaBelle, FL
Perry, GA

Previously operated as
Cameron Park Auto Body
Gibb’s Paint & Body, LLC
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
CKM Collision
Hill's Collision Center
Excalibur Collision & Conversion Center
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
Old Forge Collision Center
Franklin Collision Center
n/a start-up
Direct Repair Collision Center
Cochran Coach Works

7

Date
February 28, 2023
March 17, 2023
March 22, 2023
March 24, 2023
March 24, 2023
March 28, 2023
March 28, 2023
March 28, 2023
March 29, 2023
April 21, 2023
April 21, 2023
April 21, 2023
April 27, 2023
April 28, 2023
April 28, 2023
May 5, 2023
May 9, 2023
May 12, 2023
May 23, 2023
May 26, 2023
May 26, 2023
May 26, 2023
May 31, 2023
June 2, 2023
June 16, 2023

June 16, 2023
June 23, 2023
June 23, 2023
June 27, 2023
June 29, 2023
June 30, 2023
June 30, 2023
July 14, 2023
July 14, 2023
July 21, 2023
July 21, 2023
July 21, 2023
July 28, 2023
July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023
August 15, 2023
August 15, 2023
August 18, 2023

Location
New Port Richey, FL
Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Sacramento, CA
Modesto, CA
Prattville, AL
Longview, TX 
Charleroi, PA
Simpsonville, NC
Sharpsburg, GA 
Griffin, GA
Huntsville, AL
Baltimore, MD
Stockton, CA
Lake Charles, LA
Kailua-Kona, HI
Puyallup, WA
Iowa City, IA 
Mills River, NC
Winterville, NC
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Monroe, MI
Chicago, IL
Albany, NY
Merced, CA 
Sacramento, Davis & Yuba City, CA 
(3 locations)
Austin, TX
Fridley, MN
Red Bluff, CA 
Johnson City, NY
Walla Walla, WA
Woodstock, IL
Ames, IA
Wildwood, FL
Donaldsonville, LA
Perrysburg, OH
Redding, CA
Lafayette & New Iberia, LA (2 locations)
Oroville, CA
Toledo, OH
Joplin, MO
Coon Rapids, MN
Chicago, IL
Lake Park, FL

8

Previously operated as
n/a start-up
Proline Auto Collision Center
Aries Auto Body
The Professionals Auto Body Works
Advanced Collision
One Stop Automotive
Russell’s Body & Frame Service
n/a start-up
B & B Body Shop
Nicolas Auto Repair & Body Shop
Sledge Custom Body Shop
Moore’s Body Shop
Prestige Auto Body
n/a start-up
Auto Body Hawaii
South Hill Collision
Arena Auto Body
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
Hi-Teck Collision Paint & Body Shop
Auto Body Plant Inc.
Paul Ries & Sons
Colby Body & Fender Works
Rumin’s Auto Body
G&R Automotive/Natomas Auto Body 
& Paint
Fix A Wreck Collision Center
City Collision & Glass
Gary’s Auto body
n/a start-up
Tietan Auto Body
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
Cartech Collision Wildwood
Donaldsonville Glass & Body Works
n/a start-up
Crossroads Auto Body Repair
Louisiana Auto Collision
Excel Auto Body
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
McKay Collision
Mayer’s Collision Center
n/a start-up

St. Louis, MO (3 locations)
Huntley, IL
Pleasant Hill, IA
Avon, MN
Houston, TX
Portage, MI
Chico, CA
Albertville, MN
Redding, CA
Springfield, MO
Spring, TX
Stafford, TX
Ft. Wayne, IN

Location
Alexandria, MN
Albion, NY
Lincoln Park, MI
River Falls, WI 
Troy, MI

Date
August 25, 2023
September 6, 2023
September 8, 2023
September 8, 2023
September 12, 2023
September 22, 2023 Kingston, NY
September 22, 2023
October 6, 2023
October 13, 2023
October 20, 2023
October 27, 2023
November 3, 2023
November 3, 2023
November 7, 2023
November 8, 2023
November 9, 2023
November 10, 2023
November 10, 2023
November 14, 2023
November 16, 2023 Naples, FL
November 17, 2023 North Port, FL
November 17, 2023 Walker, LA
November 25, 2023 Muskegon, MI
November 25, 2023 Owensboro, KY
November 27, 2023 Houston, TX
November 28, 2023
November 29, 2023 Becker, MN
December 1, 2023
December 1, 2023
December 5, 2023
December 6, 2023
December 6, 2023
December 8, 2023
December 15, 2023
December 15, 2023
December 15, 2023
December 19, 2023
December 27, 2023 McDonough, GA
Niagara Falls, ON
December 27, 2023
December 28, 2023
Columbia, MO
December 28, 2023 Winnipeg, MB
December 29, 2023
January 3, 2024
January 23, 2024

Sacramento, CA
Bloomington, MN
Little Falls, MN

Lodi, CA

Elk River, MN
Melrose, MN
Turlock, CA
Warner Robins, GA
Dalton, GA
San Antonio, TX (3 locations)
Kapolei, HI
Golden Valley, MN
Shakopee, MN
Louisville, KY

Previously operated as
Countryside Body Shop
Waters Auto Body & Paint
Down River Collision
Hove Auto Body
Action Collision
Don’s Autobody
Wagner Collision Center
n/a start-up
Pleasant Hill Auto Body
Avon Body Shop
Corona Paint & Body
n/a start-up
JP’s Paint & Body
Albertville Body Shop
Venture II Body & Paint
n/a start-up
LMC Collision Center
Charlton's Body Repair
n/a start-up
Cars-Medics
North Port Auto Body

Collision Specialties
n/a start-up
Greg's Collision Center
Elite Collision Center
Cherokee Auto Body
Becker Collision & Glass
Auto-Rec Body Works
Loren Pundsack Collision Center
Imperiouz Auto Body
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
My Collision Center
n/a start-up
Boulevard Collision
Referral Collision
Touch of Color Collision Center
n/a start-up
Premier Collision
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
Platinum Autoworks
Legend Auto Body
Hilmerson Collision Center

9

Date
January 26, 2024
February 2, 2024
February 2, 2024
February 9, 2024
February 9, 2024
March 1, 2024

Location
Cedar Rapids, IA
Cypress, TX
Lincoln, CA
Clearfield, UT
Sumner, WA
Omaha, NE (3 locations)

Previously operated as
Golden Hammer Collision Center
I.C.A.R. Houston Paint & Body
Eddie's Lincoln Auto Body
Perks Auto Repair
n/a start-up
Wreckamended Collision Repair

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company acquired a two location glass business in Minnesota, a 
single  location  glass  business  in  Texas,  a  single  location  glass  business  in  New  York,  a  single  location  glass  business  in 
Virginia, a single location glass business in Pennsylvania and opened 22 start up glass locations.

10

OUTLOOK

Boyd continues to execute on its growth strategy. During 2023, the Company added 78 locations through acquisition and 28 
start-up locations, for a total of 106 new collision repair locations. In addition to location growth, Boyd was able to achieve 
same-store sales increases of 15.8%. Heading into 2024, the Company is facing strong comparative period same-store sales 
results. Thus far in the first quarter of 2024, same-store sales increases, while positive, are lower than the average quarterly 
ten  year  level  of  same-store  sales  growth  of  5.9%.  Mild  winter  weather  impacted  demand  for  glass  services,  which  are 
already seasonally low in the fourth and first quarters of the year. The same weather is impacting demand for collision repair 
services. 	

Performance of the business during the first quarter of 2024 has been challenged by a number of factors. During 2023, Boyd 
added a record number of new single locations, including 26 locations through acquisition and 11 start-up locations in the 
fourth quarter.  These new locations negatively impact earnings during the first several quarters of operation, and typically 
mature to align with overall company performance over a two to three year period. While Boyd continues to receive pricing 
increases, labor margins remain consistent with the previous quarter and below historical levels. This remains a key area of 
focus for the Company, impacting both the gross margin percentage and Adjusted EBITDA margin percentage that can be 
achieved in the short term.  As in prior years, the first quarter is burdened by higher payroll taxes that occur early in the year, 
while the fourth quarter of 2023 benefited from expense accrual reductions, as certain expense estimates were firmed up at 
amounts that were lower than previously estimated and accrued. As a result, thus far in the first quarter, Adjusted EBITDA 
dollars are trending slightly above levels achieved in the first quarter of the prior year, but below the level achieved in the 
fourth quarter. Despite these challenges, Boyd remains positive about the future of the business and the opportunities that lie 
ahead.  

The  pipeline  to  add  new  locations  and  to  expand  into  new  markets  is  robust.  Boyd  has  made  investments  in  resources  to 
support  growth  through  single  location,  multi-location,  or  a  combination  of  single  and  multi-location  acquisitions.  In 
addition,  investments  have  been  made  to  support  growth  through  start-up  locations.  Together,  these  investments  give  the 
Company flexibility on how best to grow. Operationally, Boyd is focused on optimizing performance of new locations, as 
well  as  scanning  and  calibration  services,  and  consistent  execution  of  the  WOW  Operating  Way.  Given  the  high  level  of 
location growth in 2021, the strong same-store sales growth during 2022, and the combination of same-store sales growth and 
location  growth  in  2023,  Boyd  remains  confident  that  the  Company  is  on  track  to  achieve  its  long-term  growth  goals, 
including doubling the size of the business on a constant currency basis from 2021 to 2025 against 2019 sales.

In the long-term, management remains confident in its business model and its ability to increase market share by expanding 
its  presence  in  North  America  through  strategic  acquisitions  alongside  organic  growth  from  Boyd’s  existing  operations. 
Accretive growth will remain the Company’s long-term focus whether it is through organic growth, new store development, 
or acquisitions. The North American collision repair industry remains highly fragmented and offers attractive opportunities 
for  industry  leaders  to  build  value  through  focused  consolidation  and  economies  of  scale.  As  a  growth  company,  Boyd’s 
objective  continues  to  be  to  maintain  a  conservative  dividend  policy  that  will  provide  the  financial  flexibility  necessary  to 
support  growth  initiatives  while  gradually  increasing  dividends  over  time.  The  Company  remains  confident  in  its 
management team, systems and experience. This, along with a strong financial position and financing options, positions Boyd 
well for success into the future.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT & STRATEGY 

The collision repair industry in North America is estimated by Boyd to represent over $47.6 billion U.S. in annual revenue. 
The  industry  is  highly  fragmented,  consisting  primarily  of  small  independent  family  owned  businesses  operating  in  local 
markets.  It  is  estimated  that  car  dealerships  have  approximately  15%  of  the  total  market.  It  is  believed  that  multi-unit 
collision repair operators with greater than $20 million in annual revenues (including multi-unit car dealerships), now have 
approximately 36% of the total market.   

Customer  relationship  dynamics  in  the  Company’s  principal  markets  differ  from  region  to  region.    In  the  United  States, 
Ontario,  and  Alberta,  where  private  insurers  operate,  a  greater  emphasis  is  placed  on  establishing  and  maintaining  Direct 

11

Repair  Programs  (“DRP’s”)  and  other  referral  arrangements  with  insurance  companies.  DRP’s  are  established  between 
insurance  companies  and  collision  repair  shops  to  better  manage  automobile  repair  claims  and  increase  levels  of  customer 
satisfaction.  Insurance  companies  select  collision  repair  operators  to  participate  in  their  programs  based  on  integrity, 
convenience and physical appearance of the facility, quality of work, customer service, cost of repair, cycle time and other 
key  performance  metrics.  Major  insurers  use  performance-based  criteria  for  selecting  collision  repair  partners.  Local  and 
regional DRP’s, and national and self-managed DRP relationships, represent an opportunity for Boyd to increase its business. 
Insurers have also moved to consolidate DRP repair volumes with a fewer number of repair shops. There is some preference 
among  some  insurance  carriers  to  do  business  with  multi-location  collision  repairers  in  order  to  reduce  the  number  and 
complexity  of  contacts  necessary  to  manage  their  networks  of  collision  repair  providers  and  to  achieve  a  higher  level  of 
consistent  performance.  Boyd  continues  to  develop  and  strengthen  its  DRP  relationships  with  insurance  carriers  in  both 
Canada and the United States and believes it is well positioned to take advantage of these trends. 

Boyd  manages  relationships  in  the  government-owned  insurance  markets  through  active  participation  in  industry 
associations.  In  three  of  the  Canadian  provinces  where  Boyd  operates,  government-owned  insurance  companies  have,  by 
legislation, either exclusive or semi-exclusive rights to provide insurance to automobile owners. Although Boyd’s services in 
these markets are predominantly paid for by government-owned insurance companies, these insurers do not typically refer 
insured  automobile  owners  to  specific  collision  repair  centers.  In  these  markets,  business  is  driven  by  performance  and  
through consumer based advertising.

As described further under “Business Risks and Uncertainties”, operating results are expected to be subject to fluctuations or 
trends  due  to  a  variety  of  factors  including  availability  of  qualified  employees,  availability  of  parts,  pricing  by  insurance 
companies,  general  operating  effectiveness,  automobile  technologies,  general  and  regional  economic  downturns, 
unemployment  rates  and  weather  conditions.    A  downturn  in  the  economic  climate  has  the  potential  to  affect  results 
negatively.    Boyd  has  worked  to  mitigate  this  risk  by  continuing  to  focus  on  meeting  insurance  companies’  performance 
requirements, and in doing so, grow market share.  

Through these strategies, Boyd expects to generate growth sufficient to double the size of the business on a constant currency 
revenue basis from 2021 to 2025, based on 2019 revenues, implying a compound annual growth rate of 15 percent. Boyd will 
continue to pursue accretive growth through a combination of organic growth (same-store sales1 growth) as well as adding 
new locations to the network in the United States and Canada.

1 As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios section of the MD&A

12

BUSINESS STRATEGY

Operational Excellence

Operational excellence has been a key component of Boyd’s past success and has contributed to the Company being viewed 
as an industry leading service provider.  Delivering on our customers’ expectations related to cost of repair, time to repair, 
quality  and  customer  service  are  critical  to  being  successful  and  being  rewarded  with  same-store  sales2  growth.    The 
Company’s commitment to operational excellence is embodied in its mission and goal, which is condensed into a top of mind 
cheer for its employees which is ‘Wow every customer, be the best’.  In 2015, Boyd rolled out and implemented its Wow 
Operating Way process improvement initiative which is now in place at all of its locations, except newly acquired locations, 
where it will be implemented as part of acquisition integration.  In 2022, Boyd expanded its Wow Operating Way practices to 
corporate  business  processes.  The  Wow  Operating  Way  is  a  series  of  systems,  processes  and  measurements  that  drive 
excellence in customer satisfaction, repair cycle times and operational metrics.

Boyd also conducts extensive customer satisfaction polling at all operating locations to assist in keeping customer satisfaction 
at the forefront of its mandate. 

Boyd will also continue to invest in its infrastructure, process improvement initiatives and IT systems to contribute to high 
quality service to its customers and improved operational performance.

Expense Management

Boyd  continues  to  manage  its  operating  expenses  as  a  percentage  of  sales.    Over  the  last  few  years,  Boyd  has  made 
incremental  expense  investments  that  are  important  for  the  long-term  success  of  the  business,  including  investing  in  key 
support  functions.  While  expense  management  is  critical,  so  is  making  the  right  expense  investments.  By  working 
continuously  to  identify  cost  savings  and  to  achieve  same-store  sales2  growth,  Boyd  will  continue  to  manage  this  expense 
ratio.  Operating expenses have a fixed component and therefore same-store sales2 growth contributes to a lower percentage 
of operating expenses to sales.

2 As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios section of the MD&A

13

Same-Store Sales3 / Optimize Returns

Increasing  same-store  sales3  has  a  positive  impact  on  financial  performance.    Boyd  continues  to  pursue  and  execute  on 
strategies  to  help  grow  same-store  sales3  ,including  opportunities  to  grow  same-store  sales  through  increased  scanning  and 
calibration services in both collision and glass repair.  Boyd is committed to addressing the labor market challenges, that are 
currently  limiting  capacity  and  same-store  sales3,  by  focusing  on  retention  and  recruitment,  investing  in  the  Technician 
Development Program and focusing on opportunities for productivity improvements.  

New Location and Acquisition Growth

In line with stated growth strategies, Boyd was successful in opening 106  new collision repair locations in 2023.  Boyd will 
continue  to  pursue  accretive  growth  through  a  combination  of  organic  growth  (same-store  sales3  growth)  as  well  as 
acquisitions and new store development.  Acquisitions will include both single-location acquisitions as well as multi-location 
acquisitions.  Through organic growth, acquisitions and new store development, Boyd expects to generate growth sufficient 
to double the size of its business (measured against its 2019 revenue on a constant currency basis) over the five year period 
from 2021-2025, implying a compound annual growth rate of 15%. 

CAUTION CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements made in this annual report, other than those concerning historical financial information, may be forward-looking 
and  therefore  subject  to  various  risks  and  uncertainties.  Some  forward-looking  statements  may  be  identified  by  words  like 
“may”,  “will”,  “anticipate”,  “estimate”,  “expect”,  “intend”,  or  “continue”  or  the  negative  thereof  or  similar  variations. 
Readers  are  cautioned  not  to  place  undue  reliance  on  such  statements,  as  actual  results  may  differ  materially  from  those 
expressed or implied in such statements. 

3 As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios section of the MD&A

14

The following table outlines forward-looking information included in this MD&A: 

Forward-looking Information
The stated objective of generating growth 
sufficient to double the size of the business 
over the five year period from 2021 to 2025, 
based on 2019 revenues

Boyd remains confident in its business 
model to increase market share by 
expanding its presence in North America 
through strategic and accretive acquisitions 
alongside organic growth from Boyd’s 
existing operations

Key Assumptions
Opportunities continue to be available and are 
at acceptable and accretive prices

Most Relevant Risk Factors

Acquisition market conditions change and repair shop 
owner demographic trends change

Financing options continue to be available at 
reasonable rates and on acceptable terms and 
conditions

New and existing customer relationships are 
expected to provide acceptable levels of 
revenue opportunities

Anticipated operating results would be 
accretive to overall Company results

Growth is defined as revenue on a constant 
currency basis

Initiatives to increase production capacity are 
successful

Credit and refinancing conditions prevent or restrict the 
ability of the Company to continue growth strategies

Changes in market conditions and operating environment

Significant decline in the number of insurance claims

Integration of new stores is not accomplished as planned

Increased competition which prevents achievement of 
acquisition and revenue goals

Initiatives to increase production capacity take longer than 
expected or are not successful 

Re-emergence of stability in economic 
conditions and employment rates

Economic conditions deteriorate

New and existing customer relationships are 
expected to provide acceptable levels of 
revenue opportunities

The Company’s customer and supplier 
relationships provide it with competitive 
advantages to increase sales over time

Market share growth will more than offset 
systemic changes in the industry and 
environment

Loss of one or more key customers or loss of significant 
volume from any customer

Decline in the number of insurance claims

Inability of the Company to pass cost increases to 
customers over time

Increased competition which may prevent achievement of 
revenue goals

Changes in market conditions and operating environment

Anticipated operating results would be 
accretive to overall Company results

Changes in weather conditions 

Inability to maintain, replace or grow technician capacity 
could impact organic growth

Stated objective to gradually increase 
dividends over time

Growing profitability of the Company and its 
subsidiaries

BGSI is dependent upon the operating results of the 
Company

The continued and increasing ability of the 
Company to generate cash available for 
dividends

Economic conditions deteriorate

Changes in weather conditions

Balance sheet strength and flexibility is 
maintained and the dividend level is 
manageable taking into consideration bank 
covenants, growth requirements and 
maintaining a dividend level that is supportable 
over time

Decline in the number of insurance claims

Loss of one or more key customers or loss of significant 
volume from any customer

Changes in government regulation 

15

During  2024,  the  Company  plans  to  make 
cash  capital  expenditures,  excluding  those 
related  to  acquisition  and  development  of 
new locations, within the range of 1.8% and 
2.0%  of  sales.    In  addition  to  these  capital 
expenditures,  the  Company  plans  to  invest 
in  network  technology  upgrades  to  further 
strengthen  our 
technology  and  security 
infrastructure  and  prepare  for  advanced 
technology  needs 
future.  The 
in 
investment expected in 2024 is in the range 
of $14M to $17M, with similar investments 
expected in 2025.

the 

Boyd has made good progress with many 
clients, but has not achieved the level of 
pricing that will return labor margins to 
historical levels. Further increases are 
needed to address ongoing wage pressure.

The actual cost for these capital expenditures 
agrees with the original estimate

Expected actual expenditures could be above or below 
1.8% to 2.0% of sales 

The purchase, delivery and installation of the 
capital items is consistent with the estimated 
timeline 

No other new capital requirements are 
identified or required during the period 

The timing of the expenditures could occur on a different 
timeline 

BGSI may identify additional capital expenditure needs that 
were not originally anticipated 

All identified capital requirements are required 
during the period 

BGSI may identify capital expenditure needs that were 
originally anticipated; however, are no longer required or 
required on a different timeline 

Price increases will be negotiated and agreed 
upon by key clients

Inability of the Company to pass cost increases to 
customers over time

Demand for services will continue to grow, 
allowing Boyd to focus on higher margin 
business

Wage inflation will return to historical levels 
and will not outpace pricing increases

Decline in the number of insurance claims

Loss of one or more key customers or loss of significant 
volume from any customer

Changes in market conditions and operating environment

Supply chain disruption is transitory and will 
normalize as underlying issues are resolved

Wage inflation continues in excess of historical levels and 
outpaces pricing increases

Internal training and development programs, 
including the Technician Development 
Program, will improve staffing availability

Supply chain remains disrupted

Internal training and development programs do not improve 
staffing availability

We  caution  that  the  foregoing  table  contains  what  BGSI  believes  are  the  material  forward-looking  statements  and  is  not 
exhaustive.  Therefore when relying on forward-looking statements, investors and others should refer to the “Risk Factors” 
section of BGSI’s Annual Information Form, the “Business Risks and Uncertainties” and other sections of our Management’s 
Discussion and Analysis and our other periodic filings with Canadian securities regulatory authorities. All forward-looking 
statements presented herein should be considered in conjunction with such filings. 

16

SELECTED ANNUAL INFORMATION

The following table summarizes selected financial information for BGSI over the prior three years:

For the years ended December 31,

(thousands of U.S. dollars, except per unit/share amounts)

2023

2022

2021

Sales

Net earnings
Adjusted net earnings  (2)

Basic and diluted earnings per share
Adjusted net earnings per share (2)

Cash dividends per share declared:

Share dividends (1)

December 31,

(thousands of U.S. dollars)

Total assets

Total long-term financial liabilities 

$2,945,988

$2,432,318

$1,872,670

$86,656

$89,683

$4.04

$4.18

$40,962

$42,366

$1.91

$1.97

$23,540

$28,006

$1.10

$1.30

$0.44

$0.45

$0.45

2023

2022

2021

$ 

$ 

2,382,416  $ 

2,102,832  $ 

2,027,127 

1,082,067  $ 

931,941  $ 

933,020 

(1) Dividends and distributions continue to be declared and paid in Canadian dollars.  In 2023, the annual dividend declared totaled C$0.591 (2022 - C$0.579, 2021 - C$0.567)

(2) As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios section of the MD&A

Financial  results,  including  sales,  net  earnings,  and  adjusted  net  earnings4,  improved  in  2023  compared  to  2022  and  2021.  
The increase in sales, net earnings and adjusted net earnings in 2023 is due to increases in same store sales as well as location 
growth. In 2021 and 2022, financial results were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain disruption 
and  a  highly  competitive  labor  market  which  translated  into  significant  wage  pressure  and  labor  margin  compression.    In 
addition, a lack of fixed cost absorption due to lower sales per location than pre-pandemic levels impacted financial results in 
2021  and  2022.    After  a  temporary  pause  on  acquisitions  from  March  to  August  of  2020,  acquisition  activity  resumed; 
however,  new  locations  experienced  the  same  challenges  during  2021  and  2022,  which  constrained  sales  and  net  earnings 
levels.

The change in total assets and total long-term financial liabilities was significantly impacted by acquisitions and new location 
growth.    In  addition  to  these  changes,  fluctuations  in  total  assets  from  2021  to  2023  have  primarily  related  to  increases  in 
property,  plant  and  equipment,  intangible  assets  and  goodwill  as  a  result  of  new  location  growth.    During  this  timeframe, 
long-term financial liabilities were also impacted by financing of acquisitions and new location growth.  

Since the end of 2007 through the end of 2023, BGSI increased dividends to shareholders. As of March 19, 2024 the dividend 
rate is C$0.15 per quarter or C$0.60 on an annualized basis.

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  BGSI  and  its  subsidiaries  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial Reporting Standards and contain the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows of BGSI, 
the Company and the Company’s subsidiary companies for the year ended December 31, 2023.

4 As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios section of the MD&A

17

  
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND RATIOS

EBITDA AND ADJUSTED EBITDA

Earnings  before  interest,  taxes,  depreciation  and  amortization  (“EBITDA”)  is  not  a  calculation  defined  in  International 
Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). EBITDA should not be considered an alternative to net earnings in measuring the 
performance  of  BGSI,  nor  should  it  be  used  as  an  exclusive  measure  of  cash  flow.  BGSI  reports  EBITDA  and  Adjusted 
EBITDA  because  they  are  key  measures  that  management  uses  to  evaluate  performance  of  the  business  and  to  reward  its 
employees.  EBITDA  is  also  a  concept  utilized  in  measuring  compliance  with  debt  covenants.  EBITDA  and  Adjusted 
EBITDA  are  measures  commonly  reported  and  widely  used  by  investors  and  lending  institutions  as  an  indicator  of  a 
company’s operating performance and ability to incur and service debt, and as a valuation metric. While EBITDA is used to 
assist in evaluating the operating performance and debt servicing ability of BGSI, investors are cautioned that EBITDA and 
Adjusted EBITDA as reported by BGSI may not be comparable in all instances to EBITDA as reported by other companies. 

CPA Canada’s Canadian Performance Reporting Board defined Standardized EBITDA to foster comparability of the measure 
between entities. Standardized EBITDA represents an indication of an entity’s capacity to generate income from operations 
before taking into account management’s financing decisions and costs of consuming tangible and intangible capital assets, 
which  vary  according  to  their  vintage,  technological  age  and  management’s  estimate  of  their  useful  life.  Accordingly, 
Standardized  EBITDA  comprises  sales  less  operating  expenses  before  finance  costs,  capital  asset  amortization  and 
impairment charges, and income taxes.  Adjusted EBITDA is calculated to exclude items of an unusual nature that do not 
reflect  normal  or  ongoing  operations  of  BGSI  and  which  should  not  be  considered  in  a  valuation  metric  or  should  not  be 
included in an assessment of the ability to service or incur debt.   Included as an adjustment to EBITDA are acquisition and 
transaction  costs  and  fair  value  adjustments  to  contingent  consideration,  which  do  not  relate  to  the  current  operating 
performance of the business units but are typically costs incurred to expand operations.  From time to time BGSI may make 
other adjustments to its Adjusted EBITDA for items that are not expected to recur.

The following is a reconciliation of BGSI’s net earnings to Standardized EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

ADJUSTED EBITDA

(thousands of U.S. dollars)

Net earnings
Add:

Three Months Ended
December 31,

Year Ended
December 31,

2023

2022

2023

2022

$ 

19,066  $ 

14,184  $ 

86,656  $ 

40,962 

Finance costs
Income tax expense 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Depreciation of right of use assets
Amortization of intangible assets

14,052
8,008
16,224
28,663
6,896

9,967
5,179
12,279

26,035
6,473

51,718
32,865
56,863
109,806
26,182

37,308
17,765
47,902
101,150
26,567

Standardized EBITDA

Add:

Fair value adjustments
Acquisition and transaction costs

$ 

92,909  $ 

74,117  $ 

364,090  $ 

271,654 

(189)  
1,487  

— 
576 

(189)  
4,346  

146 
1,700 

Adjusted EBITDA

$ 

94,207  $ 

74,693  $ 

368,247  $ 

273,500 

18

 
ADJUSTED NET EARNINGS

In  addition  to  Standardized  EBITDA  and  Adjusted  EBITDA,  BGSI  believes  that  certain  users  of  financial  statements  are 
interested in understanding net earnings excluding certain fair value adjustments and other items of an unusual or infrequent 
nature that do not reflect normal or ongoing operations of the Company.  This can assist these users in comparing current 
results  to  historical  results  that  did  not  include  such  items.    The  following  is  a  reconciliation  of  BGSI’s  net  earnings  to 
adjusted net earnings:

(thousands of U.S.  dollars, except share and per share 
amounts)

Three Months Ended
December 31,

2023

2022

Year Ended
December 31,

2023

2022

Net earnings
Add:

$ 

19,066  $ 

14,184  $ 

86,656  $ 

40,962 

Fair value adjustments (non-taxable)
Acquisition and transaction costs (net of tax)

(189)  
1,100   

—   
426   

(189)  
3,216   

146 
1,258 

Adjusted net earnings 

Weighted average number of shares

Adjusted net earnings per share 

$ 

$ 

19,977  $ 

14,610  $ 

89,683  $ 

42,366 

21,472,194

21,472,194

21,472,194

21,472,194

0.93  $ 

0.68  $ 

4.18  $ 

1.97 

SAME-STORE SALES

Same-store sales is a measure of sales that includes only those locations in operation for the full comparative period. Same-
store sales is presented excluding the impact of foreign exchange on the current period.  Same-store sales is calculated by 
applying the prior period exchange rate to the current year sales.  The following is a reconciliation of BGSI’s sales to same-
store sales:

(thousands of U.S.  dollars)

Sales
Less:

Three months ended 
December 31,

Year ended
 December 31,

2023

2022

2023

2022

$ 

740,014  $ 

637,094  $ 

2,945,988  $ 

2,432,318 

Sales from locations not in the comparative period
Sales from under-performing facilities closed during the 
period
Foreign exchange

Same-store sales (excluding foreign exchange)

$ 

(49,434)  

(1,360)  

(180,560)  

(33,978) 

(9)  
(102)  
690,469  $ 

(359)  
—   
635,375  $ 

—   
8,736   
2,774,164  $ 

(2,938) 
— 
2,395,402 

19

 
 
 
 
 
Dividends  

BGSI declared dividends of C$0.147 per share in each of the first, second and third quarters of 2023 and C$0.15 per share in 
the fourth quarter of 2023 (2022 - C$0.144 and C$0.147 respectively). 

Dividends to shareholders of BGSI were declared and paid as follows:

(thousands of U.S. dollars)
Record date
March 31, 2023
June 30, 2023
September 30, 2023
December 31, 2023

Payment date
April 26, 2023
July 27, 2023
October 27, 2023
January 29, 2024

(thousands of U.S. dollars)
Record date
March 31, 2022
June 30, 2022
September 30, 2022
December 31, 2022

Payment date
April 27, 2022
July 27, 2022
October 27, 2022
January 27, 2023

Dividend amount
2,306 
$ 
2,376 
2,333 
2,397 

$ 

9,412 

Dividend amount
2,441 
$ 
2,413 
2,321 
2,324 

$ 

9,499 

20

 
 
 
 
 
 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Results of Operations
(thousands of U.S.  dollars, except per share amounts)

Three months ended December 31,
2022
% change
2023

Year ended December 31,
% change

2023

2022

Sales - Total
Same-store sales - Total (1) 
(excluding foreign exchange)

Gross margin %
Operating expense %

Adjusted EBITDA (1)
Acquisition and transaction costs
Depreciation and amortization
Fair value adjustments
Finance costs
Income tax expense

740,014 

 16.2   

637,094   

2,945,988 

 21.1   

2,432,318 

690,469 

 8.7   

635,375   

2,774,164 

 15.8   

2,395,402 

 45.5 
 32.7 

94,207 
1,487 
51,783 
(189) 
14,052 
8,008 

 2.7 
 0.3 

 44.3 
 32.6 

 45.5 
 33.0 

 26.1   
 158.2   
 15.6   
N/A  
 41.0   
 54.6   

74,693   
576   
44,787   
—   
9,967   
5,179   

368,247 
4,346 
192,851 
(189) 
51,718 
32,865 

 1.8 
 (1.5) 

 34.6   
 155.6   
 9.8   
N/A  
 38.6   
 85.0   

 44.7 
 33.5 

273,500 
1,700 
175,619 
146 
37,308 
17,765 

Adjusted net earnings (1)

19,977 

 36.7   

14,610   

89,683 

 111.7   

42,366 

Adjusted net earnings per share (1)

0.93 

 36.8   

0.68   

4.18 

 112.2   

1.97 

Net earnings
Basic and diluted earnings per 
share

19,066 

 34.4   

14,184   

86,656 

 111.6   

40,962 

0.89 

 34.4   

0.66   

4.04 

 111.6   

1.91 

(1) As defined in the non- GAAP financial measures and ratios section of the MD&A.

21

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales 

Sales totaled $2.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 an increase of $513.7 million or 21.1% when compared to 
the same period of 2022.  The increase in sales was the result of the following:

•

•

•

Same-store sales5 excluding foreign exchange increased $378.8 million or 15.8%, partially offset by a decrease of 
$8.7 million due to the translation of same-store sales5 at a lower Canadian dollar exchange rate.  The year ended 
December 31, 2023 recognized one less selling and production day when compared to the same period of the prior 
year, which decreased selling and production capacity by approximately 0.4%. Same-store sales benefited from high 
levels of demand for services, as well as some increase in production capacity related to technician hiring, growth in 
the Technician Development Program, as well as productivity improvement, although ongoing staffing constraints 
continued to impact sales and service levels that could be achieved. Sales also increased based on higher repair costs 
due  to  increasing  vehicle  complexity,  increased  scanning  and  calibration  services,  as  well  as  general  market 
inflation.    
$146.6 million of incremental sales were generated from 186 new locations that were not in operation for the full 
comparative period.
Sales were affected by the closure of under-performing facilities which decreased sales by $2.9 million.

Same-store  sales  are  calculated  by  including  sales  for  locations  and  businesses  that  have  been  in  operation  for  the  full 
comparative period.  

Gross Profit

Gross Profit was $1.3 billion or 45.5% of sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $1.1 billion or 44.7% of 
sales for the same period in 2022.  Gross profit increased $252.7 million primarily as a result of same-store sales and location 
growth when compared to the prior period. The gross margin percentage benefited from improved glass margins, higher paint 
and parts margins and increased scanning and calibration. Client pricing increases resulted in improvement in labor margins; 
however,  margins  remain  below  historical  levels.  Certain  performance  based  programs,  which  were  suspended  during  the 
pandemic  and  pandemic  related  disruptions,  have  been  reinstituted,  which  partially  offset  improvements  to  gross  margin 
during 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. 

Operating Expenses

Operating Expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased $158.0 million to $971.8 million from $813.8 million 
for the same period of 2022.   The increase in operating expenses was primarily the result of increased sales based on same-
store sales as well as location growth, in addition to inflationary increases. In addition, Boyd has made incremental expense 
investments that are important for the long-term success of the business, including investing in key support functions. Closed 
locations lowered operating expenses by $1.7 million.

Operating expenses as a percentage of sales were 33.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023, which compared to 33.5% 
for the same period in 2022.  The decrease as a percentage of sales was impacted by improved sales levels, which provided 
improved  leveraging  of  certain  operating  costs.    This  improvement  was  moderated  by  incremental  expense  investments, 
including the expansion of certain key support functions, as well as investments to support growth through both acquisition 
and start-up locations.  During 2023, Boyd added a record number of new single locations.  These new locations contributed 
sales but with a higher operating expense ratio. 

Acquisition and Transaction Costs

Acquisition  and  Transaction  Costs  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  were  $4.3  million  compared  to  $1.7  million 
recorded for the same period of 2022.  The costs relate to various acquisitions, including acquisitions from prior periods, as 
well  as  other  completed  or  potential  acquisitions.    Acquisition  and  transaction  costs  increased  due  to  increased  acquisition 
activity in 2023 when compared to 2022.  

5 As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios section of the MD&A

22

Adjusted EBITDA6 

Earnings  before  interest,  income  taxes,  depreciation  and  amortization,  adjusted  for  contingent  consideration,  as  well  as 
acquisition  and  transaction  costs  (“Adjusted  EBITDA6”)  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  totaled  $368.2  million  or 
12.5% of sales compared to Adjusted EBITDA6 of $273.5 million or 11.2% of sales in the same period of the prior year.  The 
$94.7 million increase was primarily the result of improved sales levels and gross margin percentage, which also provided 
improved leveraging of certain operating costs.   

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation related to property, plant and equipment totaled $56.9 million or 1.9% of sales for the year ended December 31, 
2023, an increase of $9.0 million when compared to the $47.9 million or 2.0% of sales recorded in the same period of the 
prior  year.    The  increase  in  depreciation  expense  was  primarily  due  to  location  growth  as  well  as  investments  in  capital 
equipment.  Same-store sales increases resulted in a decrease in depreciation expense as a percentage of sales during 2023.

Depreciation related to right of use assets totaled $109.8 million, or 3.7% of sales for the year ended December 31, 2023, as 
compared to $101.2 million or 4.2% of sales for the same period of the prior year.  The increase in depreciation expense was 
primarily due to location growth.  Same-store sales increases resulted in a decrease in depreciation expense as a percentage of 
sales during 2023.

Amortization of intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2023 totaled $26.2 million or 0.9% of sales, a decrease of 
$0.4  million  when  compared  to  the  $26.6  million  or  1.1%  of  sales  expensed  for  the  same  period  in  the  prior  year.  The 
decrease  in  amortization  was  primarily  due  to  the  full  amortization  of  certain  non-compete  agreements.    Same-store  sales 
increases resulted in a decrease in amortization expense as a percentage of sales during 2023.

Finance Costs

Finance Costs of $51.7 million or 1.8% of sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased from $37.3 million or 1.5% 
of sales for the same period of the prior year.  The increase in finance costs was primarily due to higher variable interest rates 
on the revolving credit facility, as well as increased lease liabilities, as a result of acquisition activity and lease renewals. 

Income Taxes 

Current and Deferred Income Tax Expense of $32.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to an expense 
of  $17.8  million  for  the  same  period  of  the  prior  year.  Income  tax  expense  was  impacted  by  the  recording  of  state-related 
adjustments related to the completion and filing of the prior year U.S. tax returns, which increased income tax expense by 
approximately  $1.2  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  (December  31,  2022  -  $2.0  million).  Permanent 
differences did not have a significant impact on the tax computed on accounting income.   

Net Earnings and Earnings Per Share 

Net Earnings for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $86.7 million or 2.9% of sales compared to $41.0 million or 1.7% of 
sales in the same period of the prior year.  The net earnings amount in 2023 was impacted by acquisition and transaction costs 
of $3.2 million (net of tax).  After adjusting for fair value and other unusual items, Adjusted net earnings7 in 2023 was $89.7 
million, or 3.0% of sales.  This compares to Adjusted net earnings7 of $42.4 million or 1.7% of sales in 2022.  Adjusted net 
earnings  for  the  period  was  positively  impacted  by  increased  sales,  improvements  in  gross  margin  percentage  as  well  as 
improved leveraging of operating expenses.  Certain costs, such as depreciation and amortization, are not variable and same-
store sales increases resulted in a decrease in depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of sales during 2023.  

6 As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios section of the MD&A
7 As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios section of the MD&A

23

 
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share was $4.04 per share for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $1.91 for the 
same  period  of  2022.    Adjusted  net  earnings  per  share7  was  $4.18  compared  to  $1.97  for  the  same  period  of  2022.    The 
increase in adjusted net earnings per share is primarily attributed to increased sales, improvements in gross margin percentage 
as well as improved leveraging of operating expenses.

Summary of Quarterly Results
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, 
except per share amounts)

Sales

Adjusted EBITDA (1)

Net earnings

Basic and diluted earnings per 
share

Adjusted net earnings (1)
Adjusted net earnings per 
     share (1)

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2023 Q4

2023 Q3

2023 Q2

2023 Q1

2022 Q4

2022 Q3

2022 Q2

2022 Q1

740,014  $ 

737,798  $ 

753,235  $ 

714,941  $ 

637,094  $ 

625,663  $ 

612,806  $ 

556,755 

94,207  $ 

93,972  $ 

95,374  $ 

84,694  $ 

74,693  $ 

73,042  $ 

72,003  $ 

53,762 

19,066  $ 

20,498  $ 

26,269  $ 

20,823  $ 

14,184  $ 

11,872  $ 

13,298  $ 

1,608 

0.89  $ 

0.95  $ 

1.22  $ 

0.97  $ 

0.66  $ 

0.55  $ 

0.62  $ 

0.07 

19,977  $ 

21,483  $ 

26,988  $ 

21,234  $ 

14,610  $ 

12,052  $ 

13,558  $ 

2,145 

0.93  $ 

1.00  $ 

1.26  $ 

0.99  $ 

0.68  $ 

0.56  $ 

0.63  $ 

0.10 

(1) As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios section of the MD&A.

 LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash flow from operations, together with cash on hand and undrawn credit on existing facilities are expected to be sufficient 
to  meet  operating  requirements,  capital  expenditures  and  dividends.    At  December  31,  2023,  BGSI  had  cash,  net  of 
outstanding  deposits  and  cheques,  held  on  deposit  in  bank  accounts  totaling  $22.5  million  (December  31,  2022  -  $15.1 
million).  The increase in the cash balance as at December 31, 2023 is the result of increased cash flows from operations. The 
net working capital ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) was 0.63:1 at December 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022 
– 0.65:1).  

At December 31, 2023, BGSI had total debt outstanding, net of cash, of $1,114.5 million compared to $1,048.8 million at 
September  30,  2023,  $1,004.5  million  at  June  30,  2023,  $1,008.8  million  at  March  31,  2023  and  $963.0  million  at 
December  31,  2022.    Debt,  net  of  cash,  increased  when  compared  to  the  prior  year  primarily  as  a  result  of  an  increased 
acquisition activity and increased capital expenditures, including start-up location growth.  

24

Total debt, net of cash

(thousands of U.S. dollars)

Revolving credit facility & swing line 
   (net of financing costs)

Term Loan A (net of financing costs)
Seller notes (1)

December 31,
2023

September 30, 
2023

June 30,
2023

March 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

264,046  $ 

219,753  $ 

174,507  $ 

184,094  $ 

124,812   

124,802   

124,783   

124,773   

32,847   

34,274   

37,447   

40,295   

192,343 

124,759 

43,069 

Total debt before lease liabilities

$ 

421,705  $ 

378,829  $ 

336,737  $ 

349,162  $ 

360,171 

Cash

22,511   

22,059   

19,887   

11,036   

15,068 

Total debt, net of cash 
    before lease liabilities

Lease liabilities

$ 

399,194  $ 

356,770  $ 

316,850  $ 

338,126  $ 

345,103 

715,277   

692,078   

687,685   

670,629   

617,926 

Total debt, net of cash
(1) Seller notes are loans granted to the Company by the sellers of businesses related to the acquisition of those businesses.

1,114,471  $ 

1,004,535  $ 

1,048,848  $ 

$ 

1,008,755  $ 

963,029 

The following table summarizes the undiscounted contractual obligations at December 31, 2023 and required payments over 
the next five years:

Contractual Obligations 

(thousands of U.S. dollars)

Bank indebtedness
Accounts payable and accrued 
    liabilities 

Long-term debt

Lease liability
Purchase Obligations (1)

Total

$—

Within 1
year

$—

1 to 2
years

$—

2 to 3
years

$—

3 to 4
years

$—

339,823

339,823

—

—

—

421,705

22,038

271,553

2,443

125,582

4 to 5
years

$—

—

89

After 5
years

$—

—

—

883,340

141,905

133,986

117,911

102,699

82,499

304,340

—

unknown

unknown

unknown

unknown

unknown

unknown

$1,644,868 $503,766

$405,539

$120,354

$228,281

$82,588

$304,340

 (1) Subject to fulfilling certain conditions such as meeting contractual purchase obligations and no change in control the repayment would be nil

25

 
 
 
 
Operating Activities 

Cash  flow  generated  from  operations  before  considering  working  capital  changes,  was  $338.5  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023 compared to $265.8 million in 2022. 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, changes in working capital items provided net cash of $19.1 million compared with 
using  net  cash  of  $1.5  million  in  the  same  period  of  2022.  Changes  in  accounts  receivable,  inventory,  prepaid  expenses, 
income taxes, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are significantly influenced by timing of collections and expenditures.  

Financing Activities

Cash  used  in  financing  activities  totaled  $105.9  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  compared  to  cash  used  in 
financing activities of $228.4 million for the same period of the prior year. During 2023, cash was provided by draws of the 
revolving  credit  facility  in  the  amount  of  $260.5  million  offset  by  cash  used  to  repay  draws  as  well  as  long-term  debt 
associated with seller notes in the amount of $205.8 million and to fund interest costs on long-term debt of $19.8 million. 
Cash used by financing activities included $99.3 million in repayments of lease liabilities and cash used to fund interest costs 
on lease liabilities of $32.1 million. Cash was also used to pay dividends of $9.4 million. During 2022, cash was provided by 
draws of the revolving credit facility in the amount of $126.1 million offset by cash used to repay draws as well as long-term 
debt  associated  with  seller  notes  in  the  amount  of  $211.9  million  and  to  fund  interest  costs  on  long-term  debt  of  $15.5 
million. Cash used by financing activities included $95.3 million used to repay lease liabilities and cash used to fund interest 
costs on lease liabilities of $21.8 million. Cash was also used to pay dividends of $9.5 million. The Company amended the 
revolving credit facility, resulting in the payment of $0.5 million of financing costs. 

Debt Financing

On  March  17,  2020,  the  Company  entered  into  a  third  amended  and  restated  credit  agreement  (“Credit  Agreement”), 
increasing the revolving credit facility to $550 million U.S., with an accordion feature which can increase the facility to a 
maximum of $825 million U.S. (the “revolving credit facility”, or the “facility”).  The revolving credit facility is accompanied 
by a seven-year fixed-rate Term Loan A in the amount of $125 million U.S. at an interest rate of 3.455%.  The revolving credit 
facility is with a syndicate of Canadian and U.S. banks and is secured by the shares and assets of the Company as well as 
guarantees by BGSI and subsidiaries, while the Term Loan A is with one of the syndicated banks.  The interest rate for draws 
on the revolving credit facility are based on a pricing grid of BGSI’s ratio of total funded debt to EBITDA as determined 
under the Credit Agreement. The Company can draw the facility in either the U.S. or in Canada, in either U.S. or Canadian 
dollars.  The Company can make draws in tranches as required. Tranches bear interest only and are not repayable until the 
maturity date but can be voluntarily repaid at any time. The Company has the ability to choose the base interest rate between 
Prime,  Bankers  Acceptances  (“BA”),  U.S.  Prime  or  the  Secured  Overnight  Financing  Rate  (“SOFR”)  at  the  Company’s 
election.   The total syndicated facility includes a swing line up to a maximum of $10.0 million U.S. in Canada and $30.0 
million U.S. in the U.S.  At December 31, 2023, the Company has drawn $264.5 million U.S. (December 31, 2022 - $186.5 
million U.S.) and $nil Canadian (December 31, 2022 - $9 million Canadian) on the revolving credit facility and swing line and 
$125.0 million U.S. (December 31, 2022 - $125.0 million U.S.) on the Term Loan A.

Under the revolving credit facility, the Company is subject to certain financial covenants which must be maintained to avoid 
acceleration of the termination of the Credit Agreement.  The financial covenants require BGSI to maintain a senior funded 
debt  to  EBITDA  ratio  of  less  than  3.50  and  an  interest  coverage  ratio  of  greater  than  2.75.    For  four  quarters  following  a 
material acquisition, the senior funded debt to EBITDA ratio may be increased to less than 4.00.  For purposes of covenant 
calculations, property lease payments are deducted from EBITDA.   

The Company supplements its debt financing by negotiating with sellers in certain acquisitions to provide financing to the 
Company in the form of term notes.  The notes payable to sellers are typically at favorable interest rates and for terms of one 
to 15 years.  This source of financing is another means of supporting BGSI’s growth, at a relatively low cost.  During the year 
ended December 31, 2023, BGSI entered into 33 new seller notes for an aggregate amount of $6.5 million.  

26

Shareholders’ Capital 

During the first quarter of 2021, the Company instituted a stock option plan for senior management, which was approved by 
shareholders  on  May  12,  2021.  The  Company's  stock  option  plan  allows  for  the  granting  of  options  up  to  an  amount  of 
250,000 Common shares under this plan. Each tranche of the options vests equally over two, three, four and five year periods.  
The term of an option shall be determined and approved by the People, Culture and Compensation Committee; provided that 
the term shall be no longer than ten years from the grant date.

On March 31, 2021 the Company issued 13,831 options under the stock option plan with a grant date fair value of C$56.99 
per  option  and  an  exercise  price  of  C$219.21  per  option.  As  at  December  31,  2023,  11,232  options  remain  issued  and 
outstanding, 25% of which have vested. Issue costs of $105 were incurred with respect to the stock option plan.

On March 31, 2022, the Company issued an additional 18,878 options under the stock option plan with a grant date fair value 
of C$47.08 per option and an exercise price of C$164.68 per option. As at December 31, 2023, 16,533 options remain issued 
and outstanding. None of the options are exercisable at period end.  Issue costs of $nil were incurred with respect to the 2022 
options issued under the stock option plan.

On March 29, 2023 and during the second quarter of 2023 the Company issued 28,292 and 435 options, respectively, under 
the stock option plan with a grant date fair value of C$71.64 per option and an exercise price of C$211.26 per option.As at 
December 31, 2023, 26,794 options remain issued and outstanding. None of the options are exercisable at period end. Issue 
costs of $nil were incurred with respect to the 2023 options issued under the stock option plan.

Investing Activities

Cash  used  in  investing  activities  totaled  $244.4  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023.    This  compares  to  $47.9 
million used in the prior period.  The investing activity in both periods related primarily to new location growth that occurred 
during  these  periods.    During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  the  Company  completed  sale  leaseback  transactions  for 
proceeds  of  $55.1  million.    The  increase  in  start-up  locations  resulted  in  a  build  up  of  real  estate  assets.    The  Company’s 
strategy has been to not hold real estate in the long term, although the increase in new location development may periodically 
cause real estate to be held in the short term.  The sale leaseback transactions allowed the Company to replenish capital while 
continuing to use these properties.  The remaining investing activity in both periods related primarily to new location growth 
that occurred during these periods.     

27

Acquisitions and Development of Businesses

During 2023, the Company added 78 locations through acquisition and 28 start-up locations, for a total of 106  new collision 
repair locations. From January 1, 2024 up to the reporting date of March 19, 2024, the Company has added nine locations 
through acquisition and one start-up location.  These new collision repair locations are as follows:

Date
January 3, 2023
January 6, 2023
January 16, 2023
January 18, 2023
January 18, 2023
February 3, 2023
February 3, 2023
February 3, 2023
February 8, 2023
February 10, 2023
February 10, 2023
February 17, 2023
February 22, 2023
February 27, 2023
February 28, 2023
March 17, 2023
March 22, 2023
March 24, 2023
March 24, 2023
March 28, 2023
March 28, 2023
March 28, 2023
March 29, 2023
April 21, 2023
April 21, 2023
April 21, 2023
April 27, 2023
April 28, 2023
April 28, 2023
May 5, 2023
May 9, 2023
May 12, 2023
May 23, 2023
May 26, 2023
May 26, 2023
May 26, 2023
May 31, 2023
June 2, 2023
June 16, 2023

June 16, 2023
June 23, 2023
June 23, 2023
June 27, 2023
June 29, 2023

Location
Cameron Park, CA
Abilene, TX
Lethbridge, AB
Venice, FL
Park City, UT
Hendersonville, NC
Rogers, MN
Tontitown, AR
Ocala, FL
Lansdale, PA
Sacramento, CA
Murrieta, CA
LaBelle, FL
Perry, GA
New Port Richey, FL
Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Sacramento, CA
Modesto, CA
Prattville, AL
Longview, TX 
Charleroi, PA
Simpsonville, NC
Sharpsburg, GA 
Griffin, GA
Huntsville, AL
Baltimore, MD
Stockton, CA
Lake Charles, LA
Kailua-Kona, HI
Puyallup, WA
Iowa City, IA 
Mills River, NC
Winterville, NC
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Monroe, MI
Chicago, IL
Albany, NY
Merced, CA 
Sacramento, Davis & Yuba City, CA 
(3 locations)
Austin, TX
Fridley, MN
Red Bluff, CA 
Johnson City, NY
Walla Walla, WA

Previously operated as
Cameron Park Auto Body
Gibb’s Paint & Body, LLC
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
CKM Collision
Hill's Collision Center
Excalibur Collision & Conversion Center
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
Old Forge Collision Center
Franklin Collision Center
n/a start-up
Direct Repair Collision Center
Cochran Coach Works
n/a start-up
Proline Auto Collision Center
Aries Auto Body
The Professionals Auto Body Works
Advanced Collision
One Stop Automotive
Russell’s Body & Frame Service
n/a start-up
B & B Body Shop
Nicolas Auto Repair & Body Shop
Sledge Custom Body Shop
Moore’s Body Shop
Prestige Auto Body
n/a start-up
Auto Body Hawaii
South Hill Collision
Arena Auto Body
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
Hi-Teck Collision Paint & Body Shop
Auto Body Plant Inc.
Paul Ries & Sons
Colby Body & Fender Works
Rumin’s Auto Body
G&R Automotive/Natomas Auto Body & Paint

Fix A Wreck Collision Center
City Collision & Glass
Gary’s Auto body
n/a start-up
Tietan Auto Body

28

Location
Woodstock, IL
Ames, IA
Wildwood, FL
Donaldsonville, LA
Perrysburg, OH
Redding, CA
Lafayette & New Iberia, LA (2 locations)
Oroville, CA
Toledo, OH
Joplin, MO
Coon Rapids, MN
Chicago, IL
Lake Park, FL
Alexandria, MN
Albion, NY
Lincoln Park, MI
River Falls, WI 
Troy, MI

Date
June 30, 2023
June 30, 2023
July 14, 2023
July 14, 2023
July 21, 2023
July 21, 2023
July 21, 2023
July 28, 2023
July 31, 2023
July 31, 2023
August 15, 2023
August 15, 2023
August 18, 2023
August 25, 2023
September 6, 2023
September 8, 2023
September 8, 2023
September 12, 2023
September 22, 2023 Kingston, NY
September 22, 2023
October 6, 2023
October 13, 2023
October 20, 2023
October 27, 2023
November 3, 2023
November 3, 2023
November 7, 2023
November 8, 2023
November 9, 2023
November 10, 2023
November 10, 2023
November 14, 2023
November 16, 2023 Naples, FL
November 17, 2023 North Port, FL
November 17, 2023 Walker, LA
November 25, 2023 Muskegon, MI
November 25, 2023 Owensboro, KY
November 27, 2023 Houston, TX
November 28, 2023
November 29, 2023 Becker, MN
December 1, 2023
December 1, 2023
December 5, 2023
December 6, 2023
December 6, 2023
December 8, 2023
December 15, 2023
December 15, 2023
December 15, 2023
December 19, 2023
December 27, 2023 McDonough, GA
Niagara Falls, ON
December 27, 2023
Columbia, MO
December 28, 2023

Lodi, CA

St. Louis, MO (3 locations)
Huntley, IL
Pleasant Hill, IA
Avon, MN
Houston, TX
Portage, MI
Chico, CA
Albertville, MN
Redding, CA
Springfield, MO
Spring, TX
Stafford, TX
Ft. Wayne, IN

Elk River, MN
Melrose, MN
Turlock, CA
Warner Robins, GA
Dalton, GA
San Antonio, TX (3 locations)
Kapolei, HI
Golden Valley, MN
Shakopee, MN
Louisville, KY

29

Previously operated as
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
Cartech Collision Wildwood
Donaldsonville Glass & Body Works
n/a start-up
Crossroads Auto Body Repair
Louisiana Auto Collision
Excel Auto Body
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
McKay Collision
Mayer’s Collision Center
n/a start-up
Countryside Body Shop
Waters Auto Body & Paint
Down River Collision
Hove Auto Body
Action Collision
Don’s Autobody
Wagner Collision Center
n/a start-up
Pleasant Hill Auto Body
Avon Body Shop
Corona Paint & Body
n/a start-up
JP’s Paint & Body
Albertville Body Shop
Venture II Body & Paint
n/a start-up
LMC Collision Center
Charlton's Body Repair
n/a start-up
Cars-Medics
North Port Auto Body
Collision Specialties
n/a start-up
Greg's Collision Center
Elite Collision Center
Cherokee Auto Body
Becker Collision & Glass
Auto-Rec Body Works
Loren Pundsack Collision Center
Imperiouz Auto Body
n/a start-up
n/a start-up
My Collision Center
n/a start-up
Boulevard Collision
Referral Collision
Touch of Color Collision Center
n/a start-up
Premier Collision
n/a start-up

Location

Date
December 28, 2023 Winnipeg, MB
December 29, 2023
January 3, 2024
January 23, 2024
January 26, 2024
February 2, 2024
February 2, 2024
February 9, 2024
February 9, 2024
March 1, 2024

Sacramento, CA
Bloomington, MN
Little Falls, MN
Cedar Rapids, IA
Cypress, TX
Lincoln, CA
Clearfield, UT
Sumner, WA
Omaha, NE (3 locations)

Previously operated as
n/a start-up
Platinum Autoworks
Legend Auto Body
Hilmerson Collision Center
Golden Hammer Collision Center
I.C.A.R. Houston Paint & Body
Eddie's Lincoln Auto Body
Perks Auto Repair
n/a start-up
Wreckamended Collision Repair

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company acquired a two location glass business in Minnesota, a 
single  location  glass  business  in  Texas,  a  single  location  glass  business  in  New  York,  a  single  location  glass  business  in 
Virginia, a single location glass business in Pennsylvania and opened 22 start up glass locations.

The  Company  completed  the  acquisition  or  start-up  of  57  collision  repair  locations  from  the  beginning  of  2022  until  the 
fourth quarter reporting date of March 21, 2023.  Details of these acquisitions can be found in the 2022 Annual Report.  

Start-ups

In 2023, the Company commenced operations in 28 new start-up collision repair facilities.  The total combined investment in 
leaseholds and equipment for these facilities was approximately $45.3 million, including incremental investments in the build 
out of certain start-up locations.  The Company commenced operations in 12 new start-up collision repair facilities in 2022 
with a combined investment of approximately $11.4 million.  A portion of the investment in start-ups during 2023 is a result 
of  timing  and  will  be  reimbursed  by  property  owners  during  2024.  The  Company  anticipates  it  will  use  similar  start-up 
strategies as part of its continued growth in the future.  

Capital Expenditures

Although  most  of  Boyd’s  repair  facilities  are  leased,  funds  are  required  to  ensure  facilities  are  properly  repaired  and 
maintained to ensure the Company’s physical appearance communicates Boyd’s standard of professional service and quality.  
The  Company’s  need  to  maintain  its  facilities  and  upgrade  or  replace  equipment  to  meet  increased  complexity  of  newer 
vehicles,  signage,  computers,  software  and  vehicles  forms  part  of  the  annual  cash  requirements  of  the  business.    The 
Company manages these expenditures by annually reviewing and determining its capital budget needs and then authorizing 
major  expenditures  throughout  the  year  based  upon  individual  business  cases.    Excluding  expenditures  related  to  network 
technology upgrades and acquisition and development, the Company spent approximately $57.8 million, or 2.0% of sales on 
capital expenditures, compared to $33.6 million or 1.4% of sales during the same period of 2022.   During 2023, incremental 
capital expenditures were incurred relative to the expected range for capital expenditures as a percentage of sales for 2023. 
These capital expenditures included non-routine replacements and repairs. During 2023, the Company spent approximately 
$1.4 million on network technology upgrades.

During 2024, the Company plans to make cash capital expenditures, excluding those related to acquisition and development 
of new locations, within the range of 1.8% and 2.0% of sales.  In addition to these capital expenditures, the Company plans to 
invest  in  network  technology  upgrades  to  further  strengthen  our  technology  and  security  infrastructure  and  prepare  for 
advanced technology needs in the future.  The investment expected in 2024 is in the range of $14M to $17M, with similar 
investments expected in 2025.  These investments align with Boyd’s ESG sustainability roadmap to responsibly address data 
privacy and cyber security. 

30

FOURTH QUARTER

Sales  for  the  three  months  ended  December  31,  2023  totaled  $740.0  million,  an  increase  of  $102.9  million  or  16.2% 
compared to the same period in 2022.  Overall same-store sales excluding foreign exchange increased $55.1 million, or 8.7% 
in the fourth quarter of 2023 when compared to the fourth quarter of 2022 and increased a further $0.1 million due to the 
translation of same-store sales8 at a higher Canadian dollar exchange rate.  The fourth quarter of 2023 recognized the same 
number of selling and production days when compared to the same period of the prior year.  Same-store sales benefited from 
high levels of demand for services, as well as some increase in production capacity related to technician hiring, growth in the 
Technician Development Program, as well as productivity improvement, although ongoing staffing constraints continued to 
impact  sales  and  service  levels  that  could  be  achieved.  Sales  also  increased  based  on  higher  repair  costs  due  to  increasing 
vehicle complexity, increased scanning and calibration services, as well as general market inflation. Sales growth of $48.1 
million  was  attributable  to  incremental  sales  generated  from  142  new  locations.  The  closure  of  under-performing  facilities 
accounted for a decrease in sales of $0.3 million.  The quarterly same-store sales increase tapered from the levels experienced 
during the period following the pandemic and pandemic related disruptions during the fourth quarter of 2023.

Gross Profit was $336.5 million, or 45.5% of sales in the fourth quarter of 2023 compared to $282.1 million or 44.3% in the 
same period in 2022.  Gross profit increased $54.4 million primarily as a result of increased sales due to same-store sales and 
location growth when compared to the prior period. The gross margin percentage for the three months ended December 31, 
2023 benefited from improved glass margins, higher parts margins and increased scanning and calibration. The margin for 
the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2023 is within the normal range.

Operating expenses as a percentage of sales were 32.7% for the fourth quarter of 2023, which compared to 32.6% for the 
same  period  in  2022.    Operating  expenses  benefited  from  expense  accrual  reductions,  as  certain  expense  estimates  were 
firmed up at amounts that were lower than previously estimated and accrued.  During 2023, Boyd added a record number of 
new single locations.  These new locations contributed sales but with a higher operating expense ratio.

Adjusted EBITDA8 for the fourth quarter of 2023 totaled $94.2 million or 12.7% of sales compared to Adjusted EBITDA8 of 
$74.7 million or 11.7% of sales in the same period of the prior year.  The $19.5 million increase was primarily the result of 
higher sales levels and improved gross margins.  

Current and Deferred Income Tax Expense for the fourth quarter of $8.0 million in 2023 compared to an expense of $5.2 
million in 2022.  Income tax expense was impacted by the recording of state-related adjustments related to the completion 
and filing of the prior year U.S. tax returns, which increased income tax expense by approximately $1.2 million for the fourth 
quarter of 2023. Permanent differences did not have a significant impact on the tax computed on accounting income.      

Net  Earnings  for  the  fourth  quarter  was  $19.1  million,  or  2.6%  of  sales,  or  $0.89  per  fully  diluted  share  compared  to  net 
earnings of $14.2 million, or 2.2% of sales, or $0.66 per fully diluted share for the same period in the prior year.  The net 
earnings amount in the fourth quarter of 2023 was impacted by acquisition and transaction costs of $1.1 million (net of tax).   
After  adjusting  for  fair  value  and  other  unusual  items,  Adjusted  net  earnings8  for  the  fourth  quarter  of  2023  was  $20.0 
million, or 2.7% of sales.  This compares to Adjusted net earnings8 of $14.6 million or 2.3% of sales in the fourth quarter of 
2022.    Adjusted  net  earnings8  for  the  period  was  positively  impacted  by  higher  levels  of  sales  and  a  higher  gross  margin 
percentage. 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Neither BGSI, nor any of its subsidiaries are involved in any legal proceedings which are material in any respect.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

In certain circumstances the Company has entered into property lease arrangements where an employee of the Company is 
the  landlord.    In  these  instances,  the  Company  assumes  these  property  lease  arrangements  initially  in  connection  with  an 

8 As defined in the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios section of the MD&A

31

acquisition.    The  property  leases  for  these  locations  do  not  contain  any  significant  non-standard  terms  and  conditions  that 
would not normally exist in an arm’s length relationship, and BGSI has determined that the terms and conditions of the leases 
are representative of fair market rent values.  

The following are the lease payment amounts for facilities under lease with related parties (in thousands of U.S. dollars):

Landlord

Affiliated Person(s)

Gerber Building No. 1
    Ptnrp

Timothy O'Day

Location
South Elgin, IL

Lease
Expires
2029

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

103  

102 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

In order to limit the variability of earnings due to the foreign exchange translation exposure on the income and expenses of 
the Canadian operations, the Company may at times enter into foreign exchange contracts.  These contracts are marked to 
market  monthly  with  unrealized  gains  and  losses  included  in  earnings.    The  Company  did  not  have  any  such  contracts  in 
place during 2023 or 2022.  

Transactional foreign currency risk exists in limited circumstances where U.S. denominated cash is received in Canada.  The 
Company  monitors  U.S.  denominated  cash  flows  to  be  received  in  Canada  and  evaluates  whether  to  use  forward  foreign 
exchange contracts.  No such foreign exchange contracts were used during 2023 or 2022.  

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS

Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including 
expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Critical accounting estimates 

BGSI makes estimates, including the assumptions applied therein, concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates 
will,  by  definition,  seldom  equal  the  related  actual  results.  The  estimates  and  assumptions  that  have  a  significant  risk  of 
causing  a  material  adjustment  to  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  within  the  next  financial  year  are  addressed 
below.

Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets

When testing goodwill and intangibles for impairment, BGSI uses a five year forward looking discounted cash flow of the 
cash generating unit (“CGU”) or group of CGU’s to which the asset relate. An estimate of the recoverable amount is then 
calculated as the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use (being the present value of the expected 
future  cash  flows  of  the  relevant  asset  or  CGU).  An  impairment  loss  is  recognized  for  the  amount  by  which  the  asset’s 
carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The methods used to value intangible assets and goodwill require critical 
estimates to be made regarding the future cash flows and useful lives of the intangible assets. Goodwill and intangible asset 
impairments,  when  recognized,  are  recorded  as  a  separate  charge  to  earnings,  and  could  materially  impact  the  operating 
results of the Company for any particular accounting period.  

Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets

BGSI assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets, other than goodwill and intangibles, after considering the potential 
impairment  indicated  by  such  factors  as  business  and  market  trends,  the  Company’s  ability  to  transfer  the  assets,  future 
prospects, current market value and other economic factors. In performing its review of recoverability, management estimates 
the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their potential disposition. If the discounted sum of the 
expected future cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets generating those cash flows, an impairment loss would 

32

be  recognized  based  on  the  excess  of  the  carrying  amounts  of  the  assets  over  their  estimated  recoverable  value.  The 
underlying estimates for cash flows include estimates for future sales, gross margin rates and operating expenses. Changes 
which may impact these estimates include, but are not limited to, business risks and uncertainties and economic conditions. 
To the extent that management’s estimates are not realized, future assessments could result in impairment charges that may 
have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Business Combinations

Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination is estimated based on information available at 
the  date  of  acquisition  and  involves  considerable  judgment  in  determining  the  fair  values  assigned  to  property,  plant  and 
equipment  and  intangible  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  on  acquisition.  The  determination  of  these  fair  values 
involves analysis including the use of discounted cash flows, estimated future margins, future growth rates, market rents and 
capitalization rates. There is estimation in this analysis and actual results could differ from estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

BGSI has applied discounted cash flow methods to establish the fair value of certain financial assets and financial liabilities 
recorded on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, as well as disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial 
statements. BGSI also establishes mark-to-market valuations for derivative instruments, which are assumed to represent the 
current fair value of these instruments. These valuations rely on assumptions regarding interest and exchange rates as well as 
other economic indicators, which at the time of establishing the fair value for disclosure, have a high degree of uncertainty. 
Unrealized gains or losses on these derivative financial instruments may not be realized as markets change. 

Income Taxes

BGSI  is  subject  to  income  tax  in  several  jurisdictions  and  estimates  are  used  to  determine  the  provision  for  income  taxes. 
During  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  there  are  transactions  and  calculations  for  which  the  ultimate  tax  determination  is 
uncertain. As a result, the Company recognizes tax liabilities based on estimates of whether additional taxes and interest will 
be  due.  Uncertain  tax  liabilities  may  be  recognized  when,  despite  the  Company’s  belief  that  its  tax  return  positions  are 
supportable,  the  Company  believes  that  certain  positions  are  likely  to  be  challenged  and  may  not  be  fully  sustained  upon 
review by tax authorities. The Company believes that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open audit years based 
on  its  assessment  of  many  factors  including  past  experience  and  interpretations  of  tax  law.  To  the  extent  that  the  final  tax 
outcome  of  these  matters  is  different  than  the  amounts  recorded,  such  differences  will  impact  income  tax  expense  in  the 
period in which such determination is made.

Critical judgments in applying the entity’s accounting policies

Deferred Tax Assets

The assessment of the probability of future taxable income in which deferred tax assets can be utilized is based on BGSI's 
latest  forecasts  which  are  adjusted  for  significant  non-taxable  income  and  expenses  and  specific  limits  to  the  use  of  any 
unused tax loss or credit. The tax rules in the numerous jurisdictions in which BGSI operates are also carefully taken into 
consideration. If a positive forecast of taxable income indicates the probable use of a deferred tax asset, that deferred tax asset 
is recognized in full. The recognition of deferred tax assets that are subject to certain legal or economic limits or uncertainties 
is  assessed  individually  by  management  based  on  the  specific  facts  and  circumstances.  The  judgments  inherent  in  these 
assessments are subject to uncertainty and if changed could materially affect the BGSI’s assessment of its ability to realize 
the benefit of these tax assets.

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The IASB amendments to IAS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements and IAS 8 - Changes in Accounting Policies, Changes 
in  Accounting  Estimates  and  Errors  require  the  disclosure  of  material  accounting  policy  rather  than  significant  accounting 
policies, and help entities to distinguish between accounting policies and accounting estimates. The amendments are effective 

33

for  the  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2023  and  do  not  materially  impact  the  Company’s  financial 
disclosures.

The May 2023 IASB amendment to IAS 12 – Income Taxes requires entities to disclose information relating to income taxes 
arising  from  implementation  of  Pillar  Two  Model  Rules  published  by  the  Organization  for  Economic  Co-Operation  and 
Development. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Based on the 
Company’s  assessment  and  the  Pillar  Two  effective  tax  rates  in  all  jurisdictions  in  which  the  Company  is  operating,  the 
Company does not expect a material exposure to Pillar Two top up taxes.

CERTIFICATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS

Management’s responsibility for financial information contained in this Annual Report is described on page 51.  In addition, 
BGSI’s  Audit  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Directors  has  reviewed  this  Annual  Report,  and  the  Board  of  Directors  has 
reviewed and approved this Annual Report prior to its release.  BGSI is committed to providing timely, accurate and balanced 
disclosure  of  all  material  information  about  BGSI  and  to  providing  fair  and  equal  access  to  such  information.    As  of 
December 31, 2023, BGSI’s management evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls 
and procedures, as defined under the rules adopted by the Canadian securities regulatory authorities.  Disclosure controls are 
procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed with securities regulatory authorities 
is  recorded,  processed,  summarized  and  reported  on  a  timely  basis,  and  is  accumulated  and  communicated  to  BGSI’s 
management, including the CEO and the CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 

BGSI’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, does not expect that BGSI’s disclosure controls will prevent or detect 
all misstatements due to error or fraud.  Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, an evaluation of controls 
can provide only reasonable, not absolute assurance, that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, within BGSI 
have  been  detected.    BGSI  is  continually  evolving  and  enhancing  its  systems  of  controls  and  procedures.    Based  on  the 
evaluation of disclosure controls, the CEO and the CFO have concluded that, subject to the inherent limitations noted above, 
BGSI’s  disclosure  controls  are  effective  in  ensuring  that  material  information  relating  to  BGSI  is  made  known  to 
management on a timely basis, and is fairly presented in all material respects in this Annual Report.

CERTIFICATION ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management is responsible for the design and effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in order to provide 
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external 
purposes  in  accordance  with  Canadian  generally  accepted  accounting  principles  which  incorporates  International  Financial 
Reporting  Standards  for  publicly  accountable  enterprises.  BGSI’s  management,  including  the  CEO  and  the  CFO,  does  not 
expect  that  BGSI’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  will  prevent  or  detect  all  misstatements  due  to  error  or  fraud. 
Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, an evaluation of controls can provide only reasonable, not absolute 
assurance, that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, within BGSI have been detected. BGSI is continually 
evolving and enhancing its systems of internal controls over financial reporting. The CEO and CFO of BGSI have evaluated 
the  design  and  effectiveness  of  BGSI’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  at  the  end  of  the  period  covered  by  the 
annual filings and have concluded that, subject to the inherent limitations noted above, the controls are sufficient to provide 
reasonable assurance. 

On July 1, 2022, as part of the expansion of the Wow Operating Way practices to corporate business processes, the Company 
transitioned  to  a  new  Enterprise  Resource  Management  software  system,  which  resulted  in  significant  changes  to  the 
Company’s  business  processes,  procedures  and  internal  controls,  including  the  areas  of  order  to  cash,  procurement  to 
payment and financial reporting. The implementation did not impact underlying operational systems. The Company followed 
a robust system design and implementation process which involved experienced advisory resources. The Company replaced 
multiple internal controls over financial reporting with similar internal controls. 

34

BUSINESS RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The following information is a summary of certain risk factors relating to the business of BGSI and its subsidiaries, and is 
qualified in its entirety by reference to, and must be read in conjunction with, the detailed information appearing elsewhere in 
this Annual Report and the documents incorporated by reference herein.  

BGSI  and  its  subsidiaries  are  subject  to  certain  risks  inherent  in  the  operation  of  the  business.    BGSI  and  its  subsidiaries 
manage risk and risk exposures through a combination of management oversight, insurance, systems of internal controls and 
disclosures and sound operating policies and practices.

The Board of Directors has the responsibility to identify the principal risks of BGSI’s business and ensure that appropriate 
systems are in place to manage these risks.  The Audit Committee has the responsibility to discuss with management BGSI's 
major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures, including BGSI's 
risk  assessment  and  risk  management  policies.    In  order  to  support  these  responsibilities,  management  has  a  risk  and 
sustainability management committee which meets on an ongoing basis to evaluate and assess BGSI’s risks.  

The  process  being  followed  by  the  risk  and  sustainability  management  committee  is  a  systematic  one  which  includes 
identifying risks; analyzing the likelihood and consequence of risks; and then evaluating risks as to risk tolerance and control 
effectiveness.  This approach stratifies risks into four risk categories as follows:

Extreme Risks:

High Risks:  

Moderate Risks:

Low Risks:

Immediate/ongoing action is required – involvement of senior management is required.  Avoidance of 
the item may be necessary if risk reduction techniques are insufficient to address the risk.
Risk item is significant and management responsibility should be specified and appropriate action 
taken.
Managed by specific monitoring or response procedures.  Additional risk mitigation techniques could 
be considered if benefits exceed the cost.
Management by routine procedures.  No further action is required at this time.

Risks can be reduced by limiting the likelihood or the consequence of a particular risk.  This can be achieved by adjusting the 
Company’s  activities,  implementing  additional  control/monitoring  processes,  or  insuring/hedging  against  certain  outcomes.  
Residual risk remains after mitigation and control techniques are applied to an identified risk.  Awareness of the residual risk 
that BGSI ultimately accepts is a key benefit of the risk management process. 

The  following  describes  the  risks  that  are  most  material  to  BGSI’s  business;  however,  this  is  not  a  complete  list  of  the 
potential risks BGSI faces.  There may be other risks that BGSI is not aware of, or risks that are not material today that could 
become material in the future.

Employee Relations and Staffing

Boyd currently employs approximately 13,475 people, of which 1,541 are in Canada and 11,934 are in the U.S.   The current 
workforce  is  not  unionized,  except  for  approximately  50  employees  located  in  the  U.S.  who  are  subject  to  collective 
bargaining agreements.  The collision repair industry is experiencing significant competition for talent, and, in particular, a 
limited pool of qualified technicians and estimators. This is resulting in a shortage of qualified employees as well as ongoing 
wage pressure, which is adversely impacting the volume and pace at which collision repair shops can fix damaged vehicles 
and the Company’s financial results.  

Attracting, training, developing and retaining employees at all levels of the organization are required to effectively manage 
Boyd’s  operations.  The  Company  has  rolled  out  various  training,  retention  and  recruitment  initiatives  to  mitigate  this  risk.  
Failure  to  attract,  train,  develop  and  retain  employees  at  all  levels  of  the  organization  could  lead  to  a  lack  of  production 
capacity,  knowledge,  skills  and  experience  required  to  effectively  manage  the  business  and  could  have  a  material  adverse 
effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and future performance.  

35

   
Acquisition and New Location Risk

The Company plans to continue to increase revenues and earnings through the acquisition and start-up of additional collision 
repair facilities and other businesses.  The Company follows a detailed process of due diligence and approvals to limit the 
possibility of acquiring or building out a non-performing location or business.  There can be no assurance that the Company 
will be able to find suitable acquisition targets at acceptable pricing levels, or that the Company will be able to find and build 
out locations without incurring cost overruns, or that the new locations will achieve sales and profitability levels to justify the 
Company’s investment.    

Boyd views the United States and Canada as having significant potential for further expansion of its business.  There can be 
no assurance that any market for the Company’s services and products will develop either at the local, regional or national 
level.  Economic instability, laws and regulations, increasing acquisition valuations and the presence of competition in all or 
certain jurisdictions may limit the Company’s ability to successfully expand operations. 

The Company has grown rapidly through multi-location acquisitions as well as single location growth opportunities and new 
location development. Rapid growth can put a strain on managerial, operational, financial, human and other resources. Risks 
related to rapid growth include administrative and operational challenges such as the management of an expanded number of 
locations,  the  assimilation  of  financial  reporting  systems,  technology  and  other  systems  of  acquired  companies,  increased 
pressure  on  senior  management  and  increased  demand  on  systems  and  internal  controls.  The  ability  of  the  Company  to 
manage its operations and expansion effectively depends on the continued development and implementation of plans, systems 
and  controls  that  meet  its  operational,  financial  and  management  needs.  If  Boyd  is  unable  to  continue  to  develop  and 
implement these plans, systems or controls or otherwise manage its operations and growth effectively, the Company will be 
unable to maintain or increase margins or achieve sustained profitability, and the business could be harmed.

A  key  element  of  the  Company’s  strategy  is  to  successfully  integrate  and  manage  new  locations  in  order  to  sustain  and 
enhance profitability.  There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to profitably integrate and manage additional 
locations.  Successful integration and management can depend upon a number of factors, including the ability to establish, 
maintain  and  grow  DRP  relationships,  the  ability  to  attract,  retain  and  motivate  certain  key  management  and  staff, 
establishing,  retaining  and  leveraging  client  and  supplier  relationships  and  implementing  standardized  procedures  and  best 
practices.  In the event that new location growth cannot be successfully integrated into Boyd’s operations or performs below 
expectations, the business could be materially and adversely affected.  

To the extent that the prior owners of businesses acquired by Boyd failed to comply with or otherwise violated applicable 
laws,  the  Company,  as  the  successor  owner,  may  be  financially  responsible  for  these  violations  and  any  associated 
undisclosed liability.  The Company seeks, through systematic investigation and due diligence, and through indemnification 
by former owners, to minimize the risk of material undisclosed liabilities associated with acquisitions.  The discovery of any 
material liabilities, including but not limited to tax, legal and environmental liabilities, could have a material adverse effect on 
the Company’s business, financial condition and future prospects. 

36

Operational Performance

In order to compete in the marketplace, the Company must consistently meet the operational performance metrics expected 
by  its  insurance  company  clients  and  its  customers.    Failing  to  deliver  on  metrics  such  as  cycle  time,  quality  of  repair, 
customer satisfaction and cost of repair can, over time, result in reductions to pricing, repair volumes, or both.   The Company 
has  implemented  processes  as  well  as  measuring  and  monitoring  systems  to  assist  it  in  delivering  on  these  key  metrics.  
However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to deliver on these metrics or that the metrics 
themselves will not change in the future.

The Company’s principal source of funds is cash generated from operations.  Fluctuations in required capital expenditures, 
the  need  to  maintain  productive  capacity,  required  funding  to  meet  growth  targets,  and  debt  repayments  expected  to  be 
funded  by  cash  flows  generated  from  operations  may  potentially  impact  the  amount  of  cash  available  for  dividends  to  be 
declared and paid by the Company or its subsidiaries in the future.

Brand Management and Reputation

The  Company’s  success  is  impacted  by  its  ability  to  protect,  maintain  and  enhance  the  value  of  its  brands  and  reputation.  
Brand value and reputation can be damaged by isolated incidents, particularly if the incident receives considerable publicity 
or if it draws litigation.  Incidents may occur as a result of events beyond the Company’s control or may be isolated to actions 
that occur in one particular location.  Demand for the Company’s services could diminish significantly if an incident or other 
matter  damages  its  brand  or  erodes  the  confidence  of  its  insurance  company  clients  or  directly  with  the  vehicle  owners 
themselves.    Social  media  has  increased  the  ability  for  individuals  to  adversely  affect  the  brand  and  reputation  of  the 
Company.    There  can  be  no  assurance  that  past  or  future  incidents  will  not  negatively  affect  the  Company’s  brand  or 
reputation.

Market Environment Change

The  collision  repair  industry  is  subject  to  continual  change  in  terms  of  regulations,  repair  processes  and  equipment, 
technology  and  changes  in  the  strategic  direction  of  clients,  suppliers  and  competitors.    The  Company  endeavors  to  stay 
abreast of developments and preferences in the industry and make strategic decisions to manage these changes and potential 
disruptions to the traditional business model.  In certain situations, the Company is involved in leading change by anticipating 
or  developing  new  methods  to  address  changing  market  needs.    The  Company  however,  may  not  be  able  to  correctly 
anticipate the need for change, may not effectively implement changes, or may be required to increase spending on capital 
equipment to maintain or improve its relative position with competitors. There can be no assurance that market environment 
changes will not occur that could negatively affect the financial performance of the Company. 

Reliance on Technology

As is the case with most businesses in today’s environment, there is a risk associated with Boyd’s reliance on computerized 
operational and reporting systems.  Boyd makes reasonable efforts to ensure that back-up systems and redundancies are in 
place  and  functioning  appropriately.    Boyd  has  disaster  recovery  programs  to  protect  against  significant  system  failures.  
Although a computer system failure would not be expected to critically damage the Company in the long term, there can be 
no assurance that a computer system crash or like event would not have a material impact on its financial results. 

Reliance on technology in order to gain or maintain competitive advantage is becoming more significant and therefore the 
Company is faced with determining the appropriate level of investment in new technology in order to be competitive.  There 
can be no assurance that the Company will correctly identify or successfully implement the appropriate technologies for its 
operations.  In addition, there is a risk that third party provided systems are unable to meet business needs, emerging 
requirements or provide support of their product, which could adversely impact Boyd’s performance.

On July 1, 2022, as part of the expansion of the Wow Operating Way practices to corporate business processes, the Company 
transitioned  to  a  new  Enterprise  Resource  Management  software  system,  which  resulted  in  significant  changes  to  the 
Company’s  business  processes,  procedures  and  internal  controls,  including  the  areas  of  order  to  cash,  procurement  to 
payment and financial reporting. The implementation did not impact underlying operational systems. The Company followed 

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a robust system design and implementation process which involved experienced advisory resources. The Company replaced 
multiple internal controls over financial reporting with similar internal controls. 

Increased reliance on computerized operational and reporting systems also results in increased cyber security risk, including 
potential unauthorized access to customer, supplier and employee sensitive information, corruption or loss of data and release 
of  sensitive  or  confidential  information.  Disruptions  due  to  cyber  security  incidents  could  adversely  affect  the  business, 
results  of  operations  and  financial  condition  of  the  Company.    Cyber  security  incidents  could  result  in  operational  delays, 
disruption to work flow and reputational harm.  There can be no assurance that Boyd will be able to anticipate, prevent or 
mitigate rapidly evolving types of cyber-attacks.

Supply Chain Risk

The  Company  requires  access  to  parts,  materials  and  paint  in  order  to  complete  repairs.    Disruptive  events  can  negatively 
impact  supply  chains,  which  can  adversely  impact  Boyd’s  ability  to  complete  repairs.  This  may  result  in  increased  repair 
cycle  time,  high  levels  of  work-in-process  and  decreased  margins,  and  could  adversely  impact  the  Company’s  financial 
results.

Certain  of  the  Company’s  suppliers  operate  in  unionized  environments,  where  their  workers  are  subject  to  collective 
bargaining  agreements.    A  prolonged  strike  at  a  supplier  could  adversely  impact  Boyd’s  ability  to  complete  repairs.    It  is 
possible  that  a  prolonged  strike  could  disrupt  the  Company’s  supply  chain,  which  could  have  a  material  impact  on  the 
Company’s financial results. 

The Company sources certain parts and materials from overseas vendors.  Global issues, such as outbreaks and the spread of 
contagious  diseases,  political  instability,  war  or  other  disruptive  events  can  negatively  impact  global  supply  chains,  which 
could  adversely  impact  Boyd’s  ability  to  complete  repairs.    It  is  possible  that  global  issues  could  further  disrupt  the 
Company’s supply chain, which could have a material impact on the Company’s financial results. 

Margin Pressure and Sales Mix Changes

The Company’s costs to repair vehicles, including the cost of labor, parts and materials are market driven and can fluctuate.   
The collision repair industry is experiencing significant competition for talent, and, in particular, a limited pool of qualified 
technicians  and  estimators.  This  has  resulted  in  a  shortage  of  qualified  employees  as  well  as  wage  pressure  which  has 
adversely impact the Company’s financial results.  

The  Company’s  margin  is  also  impacted  by  the  mix  of  collision  repair,  retail  glass  and  glass  network  sales,  scanning  and 
calibration, as well as the mix of parts, labor and materials within each business area.  There can be no assurance that changes 
to sales mix will not occur that could negatively impact the financial performance of the Company.

The Company currently makes its own part sourcing decisions for parts used in the provision of vehicle repair services.  The 
Company’s clients could, in the future, decide to source products directly, impose the use of certain parts suppliers on the 
Company or otherwise change the parts sourcing process.  Such a decision could have an adverse effect on the Company’s 
margin. 

Pandemic Risk and Economic Downturn

Historically  the  collision  repair  industry  has  proven  to  be  resilient  to  typical  economic  downturns  along  with  the 
accompanying unemployment, and while the Company works to mitigate the effect of economic downturn on its operations, 
economic conditions, which are beyond the Company’s control, could lead to a decrease in accident repair claims volumes 
due to fewer miles driven, less traffic congestion, or due to vehicle owners being less inclined to have their vehicles repaired. 
It is difficult to predict the severity and the duration of any decrease in claims volumes resulting from an economic downturn 
and  the  accompanying  unemployment  and  what  effect  it  may  have  on  the  collision  repair  industry,  in  general,  and  the 
financial  performance  of  the  Company  in  particular.  There  can  be  no  assurance  that  an  economic  downturn  would  not 
negatively affect the financial performance of the Company. 

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A local, regional, national or international outbreak of a contagious disease, such as the COVID-19 coronavirus, Middle East 
Respiratory  Syndrome,  Severe  Acute  Respiratory  Syndrome,  H1N1  influenza  virus,  avian  flu  or  any  other  similar  illness, 
could decrease the willingness of the general population to travel or customers to patronize the Company’s facilities, cause 
shortages of employees to staff the Company’s facilities, interrupt supplies from third parties upon which the Company relies, 
result in governmental regulation adversely impacting the Company’s business and otherwise have a material adverse effect 
on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. 

Changes in Client Relationships

A high percentage of the Company’s revenues are derived from insurance companies.  Over the past 25+ years, many private 
insurance  companies  have  implemented  customer  referral  arrangements  known  as  Direct  Repair  Programs  (DRP’s)  with 
collision repair operators who have been recognized as consistent high quality, performance based repairers in the industry.  
The Company’s ability to continue to grow its business, as well as maintain existing business volume and pricing, is largely 
reliant on its ability to maintain these DRP relationships.  The Company continues to develop and monitor these relationships 
through  ongoing  measurement  of  the  success  factors  considered  critical  by  insurance  clients.    The  loss  of  any  existing 
material DRP relationship, or a material component of a significant DRP relationship, could have a material adverse effect on 
Boyd’s  operations  and  business  prospects.    Of  the  top  five  insurance  companies  that  the  Company  deals  with,  which  in 
aggregate account for approximately 53% (2022 – 54%) of total sales, one insurance company represents approximately 19% 
(2022 – 18%)  of the Company’s total sales, while a second insurance company represents approximately 11% (2022 – 11%).

DRP relationships are governed by agreements that are usually cancellable upon short notice.  These relationships can change 
quickly, both in terms of pricing and volumes, depending upon collision repair shop performance, cycle time, cost of repair, 
customer  satisfaction,  competition,  insurance  company  management,  program  changes  and  general  economic  activity.    To 
mitigate this risk, management fosters close working relationships with its insurance company clients and customers and the 
Company continually seeks to diversify and grow its client base both in Canada and the U.S.  There can be no assurance that 
relationships  with  insurance  company  clients  will  not  change  in  the  future,  which  could  impair  Boyd’s  revenues  and/or 
margins, and result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.

Decline in Number of Insurance Claims

The automobile collision repair industry is dependent on the number of accidents which occur and, for the most part, become 
repairable  insurance  claims.    The  volume  of  accidents  and  related  insurance  claims  can  be  significantly  impacted  by 
technological disruption and changes in technology such as ride sharing, collision avoidance systems, driverless vehicles and 
other safety improvements made to vehicles.  Other changes which have and can continue to affect insurance claim volumes 
include, but are not limited to, weather, general economic conditions, unemployment rates, changing demographics, vehicle 
miles  driven,  new  vehicle  production,  insurance  policy  deductibles  and  auto  insurance  premiums.    In  addition,  repairable 
claims volumes have been and can continue to be impacted by an increased number of non-repairable claims or total loss.  
There can be no assurance that a continued decline in insurance claims will not occur, which could reduce Boyd’s revenues 
and result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.

Environmental, Health and Safety Risk 

The nature of the collision repair business means that hazardous substances must be used, which could cause damage to the 
environment or individuals if not handled properly.  The Company’s environmental protection policy requires environmental 
site assessments to be performed on all business locations prior to acquisition, start-up or relocation so that any existing or 
potential environmental situations can be remedied or otherwise appropriately addressed.  It is also Boyd’s practice to secure 
environmental  indemnification  from  landlords  and  former  owners  of  acquired  collision  repair  businesses,  where  such 
indemnification  is  available.    Boyd  also  engages  a  private  environmental  consulting  firm  to  perform  regular  compliance 
reviews to ensure that the Company’s environmental and health and safety policies are followed.

To date, the Company has not encountered any environmental protection requirements or issues which would be expected to 
have a material financial or operational effect on its current business and it is not aware of any material environmental issues 
that could have a material impact on future results or prospects.  No assurance can be given, however, that the prior activities 
of Boyd, or its predecessors, or the activities of a prior owner or lessee, have not created a material environmental problem or 

39

 
that future uses or evolving regulations will not result in the imposition of material environmental, health or safety liability 
upon Boyd. 

The  outbreak  of  a  contagious  illness,  such  as  the  recent  COVID-19  pandemic,  could  require  the  Company  to  develop  and 
execute revised operating procedures intended to mitigate safety and health risks in the work environment. However, there 
can be no assurance that the enhanced protocols put in place will protect against an outbreak that could result in lost time and 
negatively affect the financial performance of the Company.

Climate Change and Weather Conditions

Climate  change  is  exacerbated  in  part  by  the  burning  of  fossil  fuels  in  order  to  generate  electricity  for  consumers  and 
industry.  Greenhouse gasses from fossil fuels is leading to climate change and global warming, which is leading to increased 
frequency  and  severity  of  natural  disasters  and  extreme  weather  condition  events.    The  collision  repair  industry  is  not 
particularly  carbon  intensive.    The  business  is  focused  on  the  collision  repair  industry  and  as  such  its  primary  product  is 
providing a service.  In providing this service, major inputs include replacement parts, water-based paint, skilled labor, and 
energy  to  run  spray  booths,  compressors,  lighting,  HVAC  and  other  equipment.    The  industry  is  highly  fragmented  with 
many independent owner operators who are not able to operate at scale.  There are efforts to consolidate the industry and the 
Company is a leader in this effort.  By doing so, the industry can operate more efficiently and have the central coordination 
and capital to invest in sustainability areas to reduce the impact the industry has on the environment.

Transitioning to a low carbon environment and sustainable business model will require additional investments in the long-
term.  Capital investments in energy saving or renewable energy technologies to operate the shop, can reduce or offset the 
contribution to carbon emissions that the Company currently emits.  Transitioning the various vehicles used by business to 
electric  instead  of  internal  combustion  engine  based  is  another  action  that  can  be  taken  by  the  Company  to  reduce  carbon 
emissions.    Investments  could  be  necessary  for  sensors  and  other  systems  to  manage  electricity  usage  or  identify  future 
opportunities.    Facility  management  and  landscape  management  are  areas  of  opportunity  to  improve  the  impact  Boyd’s 
locations have on global warming.  

The primary climate related risks for the business relate to the expected increase in extreme weather events, such as blizzards, 
hurricanes,  torrential  rain,  and  tornadoes.    These  events  can  cause  physical  damage  to  shops  or  hinder  Boyd’s  ability  to 
process  work  and  also  tend  to  result  in  higher  damage  levels  that  result  in  more  vehicles  being  non-repairable.    Extreme 
weather can also slow or halt delivery of parts and in some cases prevent employees from attending work, which slows down 
cycle-time and therefore sales.

A number of initiatives related to climate change can benefit the Company.  For example investing in LED lighting improves 
the working conditions for technicians and can improve the quality of the work they do, as well as lowering operating costs 
and  reducing  emissions.    Continuous  improvement  and  efficiency  gains  can  improve  quality  and  reduce  repair  cycle  time, 
causing less waste, higher customer satisfaction and generating higher sales with the same level of inputs.  A greater focus on 
repairing  damaged  parts  as  opposed  to  replacing  those  parts  reduces  waste  and  in  some  cases  can  improve  profitability.  
Alignment  with  vehicle  owner,  insurance  company  and  original  equipment  manufacturer  objectives  improves  Boyd’s 
customer relationships and demonstrates an ability to align and partner with these stakeholders. 

There  is  good  alignment  between  climate  change  initiatives  and  the  Company’s  strategy.    Core  strategies  of  operational 
excellence, expense management and optimizing the business as well as new location and acquisition growth have overlap 
with sustainability.  Being efficient, reducing waste and bringing corporate resources and investment to a fragmented industry 
supports a long-term alignment with sustainability.  Environment, social and governance objectives are being integrated into 
the Company’s strategic projects.  There is often a dimension of each business initiative that relates to sustainability.  Boyd is 
committed  to  identifying  those  dimensions  and  bringing  awareness  throughout  the  company  so  that  business  objectives 
naturally contribute to our sustainability goals, which have been outlined in Boyd’s Environmental, Social and Governance 
Report, which is available on the Boyd website at www.boydgroup.com/sustainability.

The  Board  is  investing  more  time  on  sustainability  issues  and  has  assigned  the  oversight  responsibility  for  sustainability, 
including  climate  change  risk  management  and  disclosure  to  the  Governance  &  Sustainability  Committee.    The  topic  is  a 
standing  agenda  item  with  internal  metrics  and  reporting  being  developed.    Management  has  a  Risk  and  Sustainability 

40

Committee tasked with developing sustainability objectives and processes for the company.  Its current mandate is to work 
with the various operating groups to identify the key sustainability metrics for future reporting and target setting.  These key 
metrics and targets will be focused on the priority areas defined for each of the environmental, social and governance pillars 
that have been outlined in Boyd’s Environmental, Social and Governance Report.

The  effect  of  global  warming  and  its  impact  on  weather  conditions  may  reduce  collision  repair  volume  and  represent  an 
element of risk to the Company’s ability to maintain sales.  Historically, extremely mild winters and dry weather conditions 
have had a negative impact on collision repair sales volumes.  Natural disasters resulting in business interruption, or supply 
chain  interruption  could  also  negatively  impact  the  Company’s  operations.    Even  with  market  share  gains,  weather-related 
decline in market size can result in sales declines which could have a material impact on the Company’s business.  Business 
interruption due to natural disasters and extreme weather condition events, including supply chain interruption, may result in 
temporary store closures or limit production volume and could adversely impact Boyd’s ability to complete repairs, which 
could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.

Competition

The  collision  repair  industry  in  North  America,  estimated  at  almost  $47.6  billion  U.S.  is  very  competitive.    The  main 
competitive factors are cost of repair, cycle time, quality, customer satisfaction and adherence to various insurance company 
processes and performance requirements.  There can be no assurance that Boyd’s competitors will not achieve greater market 
acceptance due to performance or other factors.  

Although competition exists mainly on a regional basis, Boyd competes with a small number of other multi-location collision 
repair operators in multiple markets in which it operates.  

Given these industry characteristics, existing or new competitors, including other automotive-related businesses, may become 
significantly larger and have greater financial and marketing resources than Boyd.  Competitors may compete with Boyd in 
rendering services in the markets in which Boyd currently operates and also in seeking existing facilities to acquire, or new 
locations to open, in markets in which Boyd desires to expand.  There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to 
maintain or achieve its desired market share. 

Access to Capital

The Company grows, in part, through acquisition or start-up of collision and glass repair and replacement businesses.  There 
can be no assurance that Boyd will have sufficient capital resources available to implement its growth strategy.  Inability to 
raise new capital, in the form of debt or equity, could limit Boyd’s future growth through acquisition or start-up.  

The  Company  will  endeavor,  through  a  variety  of  strategies,  to  ensure  in  advance  that  it  has  sufficient  capital  for  growth.  
Potential sources of capital that the Company has been successful at accessing in the past include public and private equity 
placements, convertible debt offerings, using equity securities to directly pay for a portion of acquisitions, capital available 
through  strategic  alliances  with  trading  partners,  lease  financing,  seller  financing  and  both  senior  and  subordinate  debt 
facilities  or  by  deferring  possible  future  purchase  price  payments  using  contingent  consideration  and  call  or  put  options.  
There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in accessing these or other sources of capital in the future.

The Company and its subsidiaries use financial leverage through the use of debt, which have debt service obligations.  The 
Company’s ability to refinance or to make scheduled payments of interest or principal on its indebtedness will depend on its 
future operating performance and cash flow, which are subject to prevailing economic conditions, prevailing interest rates, 
and financial, competitive, business and other factors, many of which are beyond its control.

The  Company’s  revolving  credit  facilities  contain  restrictive  covenants  that  limit  the  discretion  of  the  Company’s 
management  and  the  ability  of  the  Company  to  incur  additional  indebtedness,  to  make  acquisitions  of  collision  repair 
businesses, to create liens or other encumbrances, to pay dividends, to redeem any equity or debt, or to make investments, 
capital  expenditures,  loans  or  guarantees  and  to  sell  or  otherwise  dispose  of  assets  and  merge  or  consolidate  with  another 
entity.    In  addition,  the  revolving  credit  facilities  contain  a  number  of  financial  covenants  that  require  BGSI  and  its 
subsidiaries to meet certain financial ratios and financial condition tests.  A failure to comply with the obligations under these 

41

credit facilities could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could permit acceleration of the relevant 
indebtedness.  If the indebtedness were to be accelerated, there can be no assurance that the assets of the Company and its 
subsidiaries would be sufficient to repay the indebtedness in full.  There can also be no assurance that the Company will be 
able to refinance the credit facilities as and when they mature.  The revolving credit facility is secured by the assets of the 
Company.

Dependence on Key Personnel

The  success  of  the  Company  is  dependent  on  the  services  of  a  number  of  members  of  management.    The  experience  and 
talent of these individuals is a significant factor in Boyd’s continued success and growth.  The loss of one or more of these 
individuals  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  Company’s  business  operations  and  prospects.    The  Company  has 
entered into management agreements with key members of management and succession plans are in place for key executive 
positions, in order to mitigate this risk.  

Tax Position Risk

BGSI and its subsidiaries account for income tax positions in accordance with accounting standards for income taxes, which 
require that the Company recognize in the financial statements, the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely 
than not of being sustained on examination by taxation authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. 

Inherent risks and uncertainties can arise over tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, with respect to matters including 
but not limited to acquisitions, transfer pricing, inter-company charges and allocations, financing charges, fees, related party 
transactions,  tax  credits,  tax  based  incentives  and  stock  based  transactions.  In  addition,  there  are  inherent  risks  and 
uncertainties  with  respect  to  government  assistance  received  through  various  programs  developed  to  support  the  business 
during  the  economic  downturn  brought  about  by  the  COVID-19  pandemic.    Management  uses  tax  experts  to  assist  in 
correctly applying and accounting for tax and government assistance program rules, however there can be no assurance that a 
position  taken  will  not  be  challenged  by  the  taxation  authorities  that  could  result  in  an  unexpected  material  financial 
obligation.

Expenses  incurred  by  BGSI  and  its  subsidiaries  are  only  deductible  to  the  extent  they  are  reasonable.  There  can  be  no 
assurance  that  the  taxation  authorities  will  not  challenge  the  reasonableness  of  certain  expenses.  If  such  a  challenge  were 
successful, it may materially and adversely affect the financial results of BGSI and its subsidiaries. 

BGSI’s shares are qualified investments for a Registered Plan under the Tax Act as the Shares are listed on a “designated 
stock exchange” (as defined in the Tax Act).

There can be no assurance that additional changes to the taxation of corporations or changes to other government laws, rules 
and regulations, either in Canada or the U.S., will not be undertaken which could have a material adverse effect on BGSI’s 
share price and business. There can be no assurance BGSI will benefit from these rules, that the rules will not change in the 
future or that BGSI will avail itself of them.

Corporate Governance

Securities law imposes statutory civil liability for misrepresentations in continuous disclosure documents including failure to 
make timely disclosure. Investors have a right of action if they are harmed by a misrepresentation in an issuer’s disclosure 
document or in a public oral statement relating to an issuer, or the failure of an issuer to make timely disclosure of a material 
change.  Potentially liable parties include the issuer, each officer, and each Director of the issuer who authorizes, permits or 
acquiesces  in  the  release  of  the  document  containing  a  misrepresentation,  the  making  of  the  public  statement  containing  a 
misrepresentation or in the failure to make a timely disclosure.

Under the Ontario Securities Act, section 138.4(6), a due diligence defense is available. The due diligence defense requires 
the following items to be addressed:

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•
•
•

the issuer must have a system designed to ensure the issuer is meeting its disclosure obligations; 
the defendant must have conducted a reasonable investigation to support reliance on the system; and 
defendants  must  have  no  reasonable  grounds  to  believe  that  the  document  or  a  public  oral  statement  contained  a 
misrepresentation or that the failure to make the required disclosure would occur. 

BGSI is keenly aware of the significance of these laws and the interrelationships between civil liability, disclosure controls 
and  good  governance.    BGSI  has  adopted  policies,  practices  and  processes  to  reduce  the  risk  of  a  governance  or  control 
breakdown.    A  statement  of  BGSI’s  governance  practices  is  included  in  its  most  recent  information  circular  which  can  be 
found  at  www.sedarplus.com.    Although  BGSI  believes  it  follows  good  corporate  governance  practices,  there  can  be  no 
assurance that these practices will eliminate or mitigate the impact of a material lawsuit in this area.

The area of governance is growing to encompass not only traditional governance matters, but also environmental and social 
matters.  This area is often referred to as Environmental, Social and Governance, or “ESG”.  Increased awareness and 
attention by investors to ESG matters means that the Company needs to become more transparent in developing and reporting 
on ESG initiatives and increase or add ESG initiatives where there are significant gaps.  BGSI is developing and enhancing 
ESG reporting and initiatives.  Boyd publishes an ESG report, which complements previously adopted policies on reporting 
and anti-retaliation, occupational health and safety, non-discrimination and anti-harassment, human rights, diversity, code of 
business conduct and ethics, business partner code of conduct  and anti-corruption.  These policies, along with the ESG 
Report, are available on the Boyd website at www.boydgroup.com/sustainability.

Increased Government Regulation and Tax Risk

BGSI and its subsidiaries are subject to various federal, provincial, state and local laws, regulations and taxation authorities.  
Various  federal,  provincial,  state  and  local  agencies  as  well  as  other  governmental  departments  administer  such  laws, 
regulations and their related rules and policies.  New laws governing BGSI or its business could be enacted or changes or 
amendments to existing laws and regulations could be enacted which could have a significant impact on Boyd.  For example, 
privacy legislation continues to evolve rapidly and tariff changes are being introduced with greater frequency.  BGSI utilizes 
the services of professional advisors in the areas of taxation, environmental, health and safety, labor and general business law 
to mitigate the risk of non-compliance.  Failure to comply with the applicable laws, regulations or tax changes may subject 
BGSI to civil or regulatory proceedings and no assurance can be given that this will not have a material impact on financial 
results.

A number of jurisdictions in which the Company operates have regulations to limit emissions and pollutants.  The Company 
has  adapted  its  processes  in  an  effort  to  comply  with  these  regulations.    Although  to  date,  there  have  been  no  negative 
consequences as a result of these regulations, there can be no assurance that these regulations will not have a material adverse 
impact on BGSI’s business or financial results. Future emission or pollutant regulation compliance requirements may have a 
material adverse impact on BGSI’s business or financial results. 

Fluctuations in Operating Results and Seasonality

The  Company’s  operating  results  have  been  and  are  expected  to  continue  to  be  subject  to  quarterly  fluctuations  due  to  a 
variety of factors including changes in customer purchasing patterns, pricing paid to insurance companies, general operating 
effectiveness, automobile technologies, general and regional economic downturns, unemployment rates, employee vacation 
timing and weather conditions.  These factors can affect Boyd’s financial results. 

Risk of Litigation

BGSI and its subsidiaries could become involved in various legal actions in the ordinary course of business. Litigation loss 
accruals  may  be  established  if  it  becomes  probable  that  BGSI  will  incur  an  expense  and  the  amount  can  be  reasonably 
estimated. BGSI’s management and internal and external experts are involved in assessing the probability of litigation loss 
and  in  estimating  any  amounts  involved.  Changes  in  these  assessments  may  lead  to  changes  in  recorded  litigation  loss 
accruals. Claims are reviewed on a case by case basis, taking into consideration all information available to BGSI.

43

The actual costs of resolving claims could be substantially higher or lower than the amounts accrued. In certain cases, legal 
claims may be covered under BGSI’s various insurance policies.

Execution on New Strategies

New initiatives are introduced from time to time in order to grow Boyd’s business.  Initiatives such as entering new markets, 
introducing  and  improving  related  products  and  services,  or  identifying  new  strategies  to  capture  additional  market  share 
have  the  potential  to  be  accretive  to  the  Company’s  business  when  the  opportunity  is  accurately  identified  and  executed.   
There can be no assurance that the Company identifies new strategies that are accretive to the business or that it is successful 
in implementing such initiatives.

Insurance Risk

BGSI insures its property, plant and equipment, including vehicles, through insurance policies with insurance carriers located 
in  Canada  and  the  U.S.    Included  within  these  policies  is  insurance  protection  against  property  loss  and  general  liability.  
BGSI also insures its directors and officers against liabilities arising from errors, omissions and wrongful acts.  Management 
uses its knowledge, as well as the knowledge of experienced brokers, to ensure that insurable risks are insured appropriately 
under terms and conditions that would protect BGSI and its subsidiaries from losses. There can be no assurance that all perils 
would be fully covered or that a material loss would be recoverable under such insurance policies.

Interest Rates

The Company occasionally fixes the interest rate on its debt using interest rate swap contracts or other provisions available in 
its debt facilities.  There can be no guarantee that interest rate swaps or other contract terms that effectively turn variable rate 
debt into fixed rates will be an effective hedge against long-term interest rate fluctuations.

The Company has not fixed interest rates within its revolving credit facility.  There can be no assurance that interest rates 
either in Canada or the U.S. will not increase in the future, which could result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s 
business.

U.S. Health Care Costs and Workers Compensation Claims

BGSI accrues for the estimated amount of U.S. health care claims and workers compensation claims that may have occurred 
but were not reported at the end of the reporting period under its health care and workers compensation plans.  The accruals 
are based upon the Company’s knowledge of current claims as well as third party estimates derived from past experience.  
Significant  claim  occurrences  which  remain  unreported  for  a  number  of  months  could  materially  impact  this  accrual.    In 
addition, as U.S health care costs increase, there can be no assurance given that the Company can continue to offer health 
care insurance to its employees at a reasonable cost. 

 Foreign Currency Risk

A substantial portion of Boyd’s revenue and cash flow are now, and are expected to continue to be, generated in U.S. dollars.  
Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the Canadian dollar and the U.S. currency may have a material adverse effect on 
BGSI’s share price, which is denominated and trades in Canadian dollars as well as BGSI’s ability to make future Canadian 
dollar cash dividends.   

Capital Expenditures

The business of the Company requires ongoing capital maintenance. Moreover, opportunities may arise for capital upgrades 
providing returns or cost savings that may not be realized in the immediate future, but rather over several years. As vehicle 
technology  advances  and  market  needs  change,  the  capital  intensity  of  the  industry  is  changing,  requiring  expenditures  in 
excess of historical capital maintenance levels. To the extent that capital expenditures are in excess of amounts budgeted, the 
amounts of cash available for dividends may decrease.

44

Low Capture Rates

Sales  growth  can  be  enhanced  if  the  Company  is  effective  at  booking  repair  orders  for  all  sales  opportunities  that  are 
identified.    The  Company  is  exposed  to  missed  jobs  when  capacity  is  constrained  and  to  the  extent  that  employees  are 
ineffective at capturing all sales opportunities.  Measurement of capture rates, management support and training are methods 
that are employed to enhance capture rates.  Efforts to increase capacity are limited by availability of qualified labor. It is 
possible that the Company may not be able to capture sales effectively enough to maximize sales.

Energy Costs

The  Company  is  exposed  to  fluctuations  in  the  price  of  energy.    These  costs  not  only  impact  the  costs  associated  with 
occupying and operating collision repair facilities but may also affect costs of parts and materials used in the repair process as 
well as miles driven by automobile owners.  There can be no assurance that escalating costs which cannot be offset by energy 
conservation  practices,  price  increases  to  clients  and  customers  or  productivity  gains,  would  not  result  in  materially  lower 
operating  margins.    As  well,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  escalating  energy  costs  will  not  materially  reduce  automobile 
miles driven and in turn reduce the number of collisions.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

BGSI’s shares trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol TSX: BYD.TO.  Additional information relating to the 
BGSI is available on SEDAR+ (www.sedarplus.com) and the Company website (www.boydgroup.com).

45

FORM 52-109F1
CERTIFICATION OF ANNUAL FILINGS
FULL CERTIFICATE

I, Timothy O’Day, Chief Executive Officer, Boyd Group Services Inc., certify the following:

1. Review:    I  have  reviewed  the  AIF,  if  any,  annual  financial  statements  and  annual  MD&A,  including,  for 
greater certainty, all documents and information that are incorporated by reference in the AIF (together, the 
“annual filings”) of Boyd Group Services Inc. (the “issuer”) for the financial year ended December 31, 
2023.

2. No misrepresentations:  Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the annual filings 
do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or 
that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, 
for the period covered by the annual filings.

3. Fair presentation:  Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the annual financial 
statements  together  with  other  financial  information  included  in  the  annual  filings  present  fairly  in  all 
material respects the financial condition, financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date 
of and for the periods presented in the annual filings.

4. Responsibility:    The  issuer’s  other  certifying  officer(s)  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and 
maintaining  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (DC&P)  and  internal  control  over  financial  reporting 
(ICFR),  as  those  terms  are  defined  in  National  Instrument  52-109  Certification  of  Disclosure  in  Issuers’ 
Annual and Interim Filings, for the issuer.

5. Design:  Subject to the limitations, if any, described in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3, the issuer’s other certifying 

officer(s) and I have, as at the financial year end 

a.

designed  DC&P,  or  caused  it  to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable 
assurance that

i.

ii.

material  information  relating  to  the  issuer  is  made  known  to  us  by  others,  particularly 
during the period in which the annual filings are being prepared; and
information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or 
other reports filed or submitted by it under securities legislation is recorded, processed, 
summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and

b.

designed ICFR, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance 
regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for 
external purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP.

5.1 Control framework:  The control framework the issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I used to design the 
issuer’s ICFR is the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (COSO 2013 Framework), published by The 
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

5.2 ICFR – material weakness relating to design:  N/A

5.3 Limitation on scope of design:  N/A  

46

6. Evaluation:  The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have

a.

b.

evaluated, or caused to be evaluated under our supervision, the effectiveness of the issuer’s DC&P 
at the financial year end and the issuer has disclosed in its annual MD&A our conclusions about 
the effectiveness of DC&P at the financial year end based on that evaluation; and

evaluated, or caused to be evaluated under our supervision, the effectiveness of the issuer’s ICFR 
at the financial year end and the issuer has disclosed in its annual MD&A

i.

ii.

our conclusions about the effectiveness of ICFR at the financial year end based on that 
evaluation; and
 N/A

c. N/A

7. Reporting  changes  in  ICFR:    The  issuer  has  disclosed  in  its  annual  MD&A  any  change  in  the  issuer’s 
ICFR that occurred during the period beginning on October 1, 2023 and ended on December 31, 2023 that 
has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s ICFR.

8. Reporting to the issuer’s auditors and board of directors or audit committee:  The issuer’s other certifying 
officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of ICFR, to the issuer’s auditors, and 
the board of directors or the audit committee of the board of directors any fraud that involves management 
or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s ICFR. 

Date:  March 20, 2024

 (signed)                                                                                                

Timothy O’Day 
President & Chief Executive Officer                                                               

47

FORM 52-109F1
CERTIFICATION OF ANNUAL FILINGS
FULL CERTIFICATE

I, Jeff Murray, Chief Financial Officer, Boyd Group Services Inc., certify the following:

1. Review:    I  have  reviewed  the  AIF,  if  any,  annual  financial  statements  and  annual  MD&A,  including,  for 
greater certainty, all documents and information that are incorporated by reference in the AIF (together, the 
“annual filings”) of Boyd Group Services Inc. (the “issuer”) for the financial year ended December 31, 
2023.

2. No misrepresentations:  Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the annual filings 
do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or 
that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, 
for the period covered by the annual filings.

3. Fair presentation:  Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the annual financial 
statements  together  with  other  financial  information  included  in  the  annual  filings  present  fairly  in  all 
material respects the financial condition, financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date 
of and for the periods presented in the annual filings.

4. Responsibility:    The  issuer’s  other  certifying  officer(s)  and  I  are  responsible  for  establishing  and 
maintaining  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (DC&P)  and  internal  control  over  financial  reporting 
(ICFR),  as  those  terms  are  defined  in  National  Instrument  52-109  Certification  of  Disclosure  in  Issuers’ 
Annual and Interim Filings, for the issuer.

5. Design:  Subject to the limitations, if any, described in paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3, the issuer’s other certifying 

officer(s) and I have, as at the financial year end 

a.

designed  DC&P,  or  caused  it  to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable 
assurance that

i.

ii.

material  information  relating  to  the  issuer  is  made  known  to  us  by  others,  particularly 
during the period in which the annual filings are being prepared; and
information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or 
other reports filed or submitted by it under securities legislation is recorded, processed, 
summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and

b.

designed ICFR, or caused it to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance 
regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for 
external purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP.

5.1 Control framework:  The control framework the issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I used to design the 
issuer’s ICFR is the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (COSO 2013 Framework), published by The 
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

5.2 ICFR – material weakness relating to design:  N/A

5.3 Limitation on scope of design:  N/A  

48

6. Evaluation:  The issuer’s other certifying officer(s) and I have

a.

b.

evaluated, or caused to be evaluated under our supervision, the effectiveness of the issuer’s DC&P
at the financial year end and the issuer has disclosed in its annual MD&A our conclusions about
the effectiveness of DC&P at the financial year end based on that evaluation; and

evaluated, or caused to be evaluated under our supervision, the effectiveness of the issuer’s ICFR
at the financial year end and the issuer has disclosed in its annual MD&A

i.

ii.

our conclusions about the effectiveness of ICFR at the financial year end based on that
evaluation; and
N/A

c. N/A

7. Reporting  changes  in  ICFR:    The  issuer  has  disclosed  in  its  annual  MD&A  any  change  in  the  issuer’s
ICFR that occurred during the period beginning on October 1, 2023 and ended on December 31, 2023 that
has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s ICFR.

8. Reporting to the issuer’s auditors and board of directors or audit committee:  The issuer’s other certifying
officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of ICFR, to the issuer’s auditors, and
the board of directors or the audit committee of the board of directors any fraud that involves management
or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s ICFR.

Date:  March 20, 2024

 (signed) 

Jeff Murray
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer 

49

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.

 Consolidated Financial Statements

Year Ended December 31, 2023

50

MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  by  management  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial Reporting Standards. Management is responsible for their integrity, objectivity and reliability, and for the 
maintenance of financial and operating systems, which include effective controls, to provide reasonable assurance 
that Boyd Group Services Inc.’s assets are safeguarded and that reliable financial information is produced.

The  Board  of  Directors  is  responsible  for  ensuring  that  management  fulfills  its  responsibilities  for  financial 
reporting,  disclosure  control  and  internal  control.  The  Board  exercises  these  responsibilities  through  its  Audit 
Committee, all members of which are not involved in the daily activities of Boyd Group Services Inc. The Audit 
Committee meets with management and, as necessary, with the independent auditors, Deloitte LLP, to satisfy itself 
that management’s responsibilities are properly discharged and to review and report to the Board on the consolidated 
financial statements.

In  accordance  with  Canadian  Generally  Accepted  Auditing  Standards,  the  independent  auditors  conduct  an 
examination each year in order to express a professional opinion on the consolidated financial statements.

(signed)  

(signed)

Timothy O’Day 
President & Chief Executive Officer 

Jeff Murray
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

Winnipeg, Manitoba
March 19, 2024

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deloitte LLP 
360 Main Street 
Suite 2300 
Winnipeg MB R3C 3Z3 
Canada 

Tel: 1-204-942-0051 
Fax: 1-204-947-9390 
www.deloitte.ca 

March 19, 2024 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of 
Boyd Group Services Inc. 

Opinion 

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Boyd Group Services Inc. (the "Company"), which comprise 
the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the consolidated statements 
of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 
2022, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of material accounting policies 
(collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). 

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of 
the Company as at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years ended 
December 31, 2023 and 2022 in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"). 

Basis for Opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards ("Canadian GAAS"). Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the 
Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical 
requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in Canada, and we have fulfilled our other 
ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is 
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Key Audit Matters 

A key audit matter is a matter that, in our professional judgment was of most significance in our audit of the 
consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. This matter was addressed in the context of 
our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not 
provide a separate opinion on this matter. 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Boyd Group Services Inc. 
March 19, 2024 
Page 53 

Goodwill and Intangible Assets — Canadian CGU— Refer to the Financial Statement Notes 3 and 11 

Key Audit Matter Description 
The Company’s evaluation of goodwill and intangible assets for impairment involves the comparison of the recoverable 
amount of each cash generating unit (“CGU”) to their carrying value. The recoverable amount of a CGUs is determined 
as the greater of the fair value less costs to sell and value in use.  The Company used a discounted cash flow model to 
determine the recoverable amounts of both the U.S. CGU and Canadian CGU, which required management to make 
estimates and assumptions related to future cash flows, taxes, future acquisition growth, future capital expenditures, 
terminal growth rate, and discount rate. As a result of the annual assessments of impairment of goodwill and 
intangible assets for the U.S. CGU and Canadian CGU, management has determined that there was no impairment of 
goodwill or intangible assets.  

While there are several estimates and assumptions that are required to determine the recoverable amount of the 
Canadian CGU, the estimates, and assumptions with the highest degree of subjectivity are future revenue and adjusted 
EBITDA margins forecasts and the selection of the discount rate. Auditing these estimates and assumptions required a 
high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of audit effort, including the involvement of fair value 
specialists. 

How the Key Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit  
Our audit procedures related to the future revenue and adjusted EBITDA margins forecasts and the selection of the 
discount rate used to determine the recoverable amount for the Canadian CGU included the following, among others:  
•  Evaluated management’s ability to accurately forecast future revenues and Adjusted EBITDA margins by 

comparing actual results to management’s historical forecasts. 

•  Evaluated the reasonableness of the forecast of future revenues and adjusted EBITDA margins by comparing 

the forecasts to: 

o  Historical revenues and operating margins. 
o  Known changes in the Company’s operations and its industry, which are expected to impact future 

operating performance; and  
Internal communications to management and the Board of Directors. 

o 

•  With the assistance of fair value specialists, evaluated the reasonableness of the discount rate by testing the 
source information underlying the determination of the discount rate, developing a range of independent 
estimates, and comparing those to the discount rate selected by management. 

Other Information 

Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises:  

•  Management's Discussion and Analysis  

•  The information, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon, in the Annual Report.  

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not and will not express any 
form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to 
read the other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially 
inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be 
materially misstated.  

53 

 
 
 
 
 
Boyd Group Services Inc. 
March 19, 2024 
Page 54 

We obtained Management’s Discussion and Analysis prior to the date of this auditor’s report. If, based on the work we 
have performed on this other information, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that fact in this auditor’s report. We have nothing to report in this regard.  

The Annual Report is expected to be made available to us after the date of the auditor's report. If, based on the work 
we will perform on this other information, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, 
we are required to report that fact to those charged with governance. 

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Financial 
Statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with 
IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial 
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a 
going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of 
accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic 
alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company's financial reporting process. 

Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with 
Canadian GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error 
and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian GAAS, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional 
skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

•  Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, 
design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and 
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from 
fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, 
misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. 

•  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are 
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the 
Company's internal control.  

•  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and 

related disclosures made by management. 

54 

 
Boyd Group Services Inc. 
March 19, 2024 
Page 55 

•  Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the 

audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast 
significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material 
uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the 
financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the 
audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the 
Company to cease to continue as a going concern. 

•  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and 
whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair 
presentation. 

•  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities 

within the Company to express an opinion on the financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, 
supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.  

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing 
of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify 
during our audit. 

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical 
requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may 
reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards. 

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most 
significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit 
matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about 
the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our 
report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest 
benefits of such communication. 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Michael Boucher. 

/s/ Deloitte LLP 

Chartered Professional Accountants  
Winnipeg, Manitoba  
March 19, 2024 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
As at December 31,
(thousands of U.S. dollars)

Assets
Current assets:

Cash
Accounts receivable
Income taxes recoverable
Inventory
Prepaid expenses

Property, plant and equipment
Right of use assets
Deferred income tax asset
Intangible assets
Goodwill
Other long-term assets

Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities:

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Dividends payable
Current portion of long-term debt
Current portion of lease liabilities

Long-term debt
Lease liabilities
Deferred income tax liability
Unearned rebates

Equity
Accumulated other comprehensive earnings
Retained earnings
Shareholders’ capital
Contributed surplus

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

Approved by the Board:

TIMOTHY O’DAY
Director

56

2023

2022

Note

18
9
6

7
8
9
10
11

12

13
14
15

14
15
9
16

19
20

$ 

$ 

$ 

22,511  $ 
145,793 
7,721 
78,532 
41,728 

296,285 

438,981 
654,347 
4,316 
342,781 
633,986 
11,720 
2,382,416  $ 

339,823  $ 
2,435 
22,038 
107,727 

472,023 

399,667 
607,550 
70,271 
4,579 

15,068 
139,266 
5,666 
78,784 
36,520 

275,304 

314,564 
568,437 
3,815 
332,939 
601,706 
6,067 

2,102,832 

307,729 
2,330 
15,365 
98,870 

424,294 

344,806 
519,056 
62,885 
5,194 

1,554,090 

1,356,235 

58,313 
165,427 
600,047 
4,539 

54,330 
88,183 
600,047 
4,037 

828,326 
2,382,416  $ 

746,597 
2,102,832 

$ 

DAVID BROWN
Director

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(thousands of U.S. dollars except share amounts)

Balances - January 1, 2022
Stock option accretion
Other comprehensive loss
Net earnings

Comprehensive earnings
Dividends to shareholders

Balances - December 31, 2022

Stock option accretion
Other comprehensive earnings
Net earnings

Comprehensive earnings

Dividends to shareholders
Balance - December 31, 2023

Shareholders’ Capital

Shares

Amount

Contributed 
Surplus

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Earnings

Retained 
Earnings

Total Equity

21,472,194  $ 

600,047  $ 

3,680  $ 
357 

65,987  $ 

56,720  $ 

(11,657) 

(11,657)   

40,962 

40,962 
(9,499)   

21,472,194  $ 

600,047  $ 

4,037  $ 
502 

54,330  $ 

88,183  $ 

3,983 

3,983 

21,472,194  $ 

600,047  $ 

4,539  $ 

58,313  $ 

86,656 

86,656 

(9,412)   
165,427  $ 

726,434 
357 
(11,657) 
40,962 

29,305 
(9,499) 

746,597 
502 
3,983 
86,656 

90,639 

(9,412) 
828,326 

Note

20

13

20

13

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
For the years ended December 31,
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

2023

2022

Note

23

$ 

2,945,988  $ 
1,605,924 

7

8

10

17

9
9

28

28

28

2,432,318 
1,344,998 

1,087,320 
813,820 
1,700 
47,902 
101,150 
26,567 
146 
37,308 

1,028,593 
58,727 

5,712 
12,053 

17,765 

1,340,064 
971,817 
4,346 
56,863 
109,806 
26,182 

(189)   

51,718 

1,220,543 
119,521 

25,872 
6,993 

32,865 

$ 

86,656  $ 

40,962 

$ 

4.04  $ 

21,472,194 
21,475,864 

1.91 
21,472,194 
21,472,194 

2023

2022

$ 

86,656  $ 

40,962 

3,983 

3,983 
90,639  $ 

(11,657) 

(11,657) 
29,305 

$ 

Sales
Cost of sales

Gross profit
Operating expenses
Acquisition and transaction costs
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Depreciation of right of use assets
Amortization of intangible assets
Fair value adjustments
Finance costs

Earnings before income taxes
Income tax expense

Current
Deferred

Net earnings

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

Basic and diluted earnings per share
Basic number of shares outstanding
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS 
For the years ended December 31,
(thousands of U.S. dollars)

Net earnings
Other comprehensive earnings
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to Consolidated Statements of Earnings
Statements of Earnings
Change in unrealized earnings on foreign currency translation (net of tax of $nil)

Other comprehensive earnings (loss)

Comprehensive earnings

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the years ended December 31,
(thousands of U.S. dollars)

Cash flows from operating activities

Net earnings
Adjustments for

Fair value adjustments
Deferred income taxes
Finance costs
Amortization of intangible assets
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Depreciation of right of use assets
Other

Changes in non-cash working capital items

Cash flows used in financing activities

Increase in obligations under long-term debt
Repayment of long-term debt, principal
Repayment of obligations under property leases, principal
Repayment of obligations under vehicle and equipment leases, principal
Interest on long-term debt
Interest on property leases
Interest on vehicle and equipment leases
Dividends paid
Payment of financing costs

Cash flows used in investing activities

Proceeds on sale of equipment and software 
Equipment purchases and facility improvements
Acquisition and development of businesses (net of cash acquired)
Software purchases and licensing
Increase in other long-term assets 
Proceeds on sale / leaseback agreements

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash
Net increase (decrease) in cash position
Cash, beginning of year
Cash, end of year
Income taxes paid
Interest paid
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

59

2023

2022

Note

$ 

86,656  $ 

40,962 

17
9

10
7
8

30

14
14
15
15
14
15
15

14

7

5
10

12
7

(189)   
6,993 
51,718 
26,182 
56,863 
109,806 
444 
338,473 
19,072 
357,545 

260,473 
(205,848)   
(95,441)   
(3,863)   
(19,814)   
(31,328)   
(728)   
(9,382)   
— 

(105,931)   

560 
(57,482)   
(180,293)   
(1,684)   
(8,334)   
2,832 
(244,401)   

230 
7,443 
15,068 
22,511  $ 
27,909  $ 
51,507  $ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

146 
12,053 
37,308 
26,567 
47,902 
101,150 
(318) 
265,770 
(1,523) 
264,247 

126,093 
(211,863) 
(92,203) 
(3,047) 
(15,495) 
(21,363) 
(432) 
(9,545) 
(514) 
(228,369) 

2,745 
(33,370) 
(71,706) 
(259) 
(475) 
55,140 
(47,925) 
(599) 
(12,646) 
27,714 
15,068 
3,857 
36,911 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

Boyd  Group  Services  Inc.  (“BGSI”  or  the  “Company”)  is  a  Canadian  corporation  and  controls  The  Boyd 
Group Inc. and its subsidiaries.

The  Company’s  business  consists  of  the  ownership  and  operation  of  autobody/autoglass  repair  facilities  and 
related services. At the reporting date, the Company operated locations in Canada under the trade name Boyd 
Autobody & Glass and Assured Automotive, as well as in the U.S. under the trade name Gerber Collision & 
Glass. In addition, the Company is a major retail auto glass operator in the U.S. under the trade names Gerber 
Collision  &  Glass,  Glass  America,  Auto  Glass  Service,  Auto  Glass  Authority  and  Autoglassonly.com.  The 
Company also operates Gerber National Claim Services (“GNCS”), that offers glass, emergency roadside and 
first notice of loss services. 

The shares of the Company are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and trade under the symbol “BYD.TO”. 
The head office and principal address of the Company are located at 1745 Ellice Avenue, Unit C1, Winnipeg, 
Manitoba, Canada, R3H 1A6. 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  (including  comparatives)  were 
approved and authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on March 19, 2024.

2. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

        a)  Basis of presentation

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  BGSI  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board 
(“IASB”).  The  functional  currency  of  Boyd  Group  Services  Inc.  is  the  Canadian  dollar  (“CAD”).  These 
consolidated financial statements are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars (“USD”), except share and per 
share amounts.

b)  Revenue recognition

BGSI is in the business of collision repair. The Company recognizes revenue upon completion and delivery 
of the repair to the customer, which has been determined to be the performance obligation that is distinct 
and the point at which control of the asset passes to the customer. Revenue is measured at the fair value of 
the consideration received.  

        c)  Inventory

Inventory is valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined on the first-in, first-out 
basis.  Net  realizable  value  is  the  estimated  selling  price  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  less  any 
applicable selling expenses.

d) Property, plant and equipment

Property,  plant  and  equipment  assets  are  stated  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  accumulated 
impairment losses. The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment consists of the purchase price, any 
costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for its intended use 
and  an  estimate  of  the  costs  of  dismantling  and  removing  the  item  and  restoring  the  site  on  which  it  is 

60

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

located.  Construction-in-Progress  (CIP)  is  a  component  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  that  represents 
assets or capital projects under construction.

Depreciation is calculated using the declining balance and straight line rates as disclosed in the property, 
plant and equipment note. Leasehold improvements are amortized on the straight line basis over the period 
of estimated benefit.

An  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  is  reclassified  as  held  for  sale  or  when  no  future  economic 
benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on disposal of the 
asset, determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, 
is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings.

The  Company  conducts  an  annual  assessment  of  the  residual  balances,  useful  lives  and  depreciation 
methods  being  used  for  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  any  changes  arising  from  the  assessment  are 
applied by BGSI prospectively.

        e)  Leases

At inception, the Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease. Leases are recognized as a 
right of use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. 

The  Company  recognizes  a  right  of  use  asset  and  a  corresponding  lease  liability  with  respect  to  all  lease 
arrangements in which it is the lessee, except for short term leases, defined as leases with a lease term of 12 
months or less, and leases of low value assets. For these leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments 
as operating expenses on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless another systematic basis is 
more  representative  of  the  time  pattern  in  which  economic  benefits  from  the  leased  asset  are  consumed. 
Right of use assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. 
Depreciation is recorded on a straight line basis over the term of the lease.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the 
commencement  date,  discounted  by  using  the  rate  implicit  in  the  lease.  If  the  interest  rate  implicit  in  the 
leases cannot be readily determined, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. In order to calculate 
the  incremental  borrowing  rate,  reference  interest  rates  are  derived  from  the  yields  of  corporate  bonds  in 
Canada  and  the  U.S.  The  reference  interest  rates  are  supplemented  by  a  leasing  risk  premium.  The  lease 
liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability 
and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect lease payments made.

For sale leaseback transactions, the Company applies the requirements of IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts 
with  Customers  to  determine  if  the  transfer  qualifies  as  a  sale.  If  the  transfer  qualifies  as  a  sale,  the 
Company  derecognizes  the  asset  and  recognizes  a  right  of  use  asset  equal  to  the  retained  portion  of  the 
previous carrying amount of the sold asset. The residual is recognized as a gain on sale leaseback. 

        f)  Consolidation

The financial statements of the Company consolidate the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All 
intercompany  transactions,  balances  and  unrealized  gains  and  losses  from  intercompany  transactions  are 
eliminated on consolidation. 

Subsidiaries are those entities which the Company controls by having the power to govern the financial and 
operating  policies.  The  existence  and  effect  of  potential  voting  rights  that  are  currently  exercisable  or 
convertible are considered when assessing whether the Company controls another entity. Subsidiaries are 

61

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

fully consolidated from the date on which control is obtained by the Company and are de-consolidated from 
the date that control ceases.

        g)   Business combinations, goodwill and other intangible assets

Acquisitions of subsidiaries and businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. 
The cost of the acquisition is measured at the aggregate of the fair values (at the acquisition date) of assets 
transferred, liabilities incurred or assumed, and equity instruments issued by the Company in exchange for 
control  of  the  acquired  company.  Acquisition  costs  are  expensed  as  incurred.  The  acquired  company’s 
identifiable assets (including previously unrecognized intangible assets), liabilities and contingent liabilities 
are recognized at their fair values at the acquisition date.

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of BGSI’s share of the net 
identifiable  assets  of  the  acquired  subsidiary  at  the  date  of  acquisition.  Goodwill  is  carried  at  cost  less 
accumulated impairment losses. 

Intangible  assets  are  recognized  only  when  it  is  probable  that  the  expected  future  economic  benefits 
attributable  to  the  assets  will  accrue  to  the  Company  and  the  cost  can  be  reliably  measured.  Intangible 
assets  acquired  in  a  business  combination  are  recorded  at  fair  value.  Intangible  assets  that  do  not  have 
indefinite  lives  are  amortized  over  their  useful  lives  using  an  amortization  method  which  reflects  the 
economic benefit of the intangible asset. Customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over 
the  expected  period  of  benefit  of  20  years.  Contractual  rights,  which  consist  of  non-compete  agreements 
and  favourable  lease  agreements,  are  amortized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  term  of  the  contract.  
Software is amortized on a straight-line basis over periods of three and five years. Brand names which the 
Company continues to use in the conduct of its business are considered indefinite life because their value is 
not expected to degrade over time. To the extent the Company decides to discontinue the use of a certain 
brand,  an  estimate  of  the  remaining  useful  life  is  made  and  the  intangible  asset  is  amortized  over  the 
remaining period.

h)    Impairment of non-financial assets

Property, plant and equipment and definite life intangible assets are tested for impairment when events or 
changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amount  may  not  be  recoverable.  For  the  purpose  of 
measuring  recoverable  amounts,  assets  are  grouped  at  the  lowest  levels  for  which  there  are  separately 
identifiable  cash  inflows  (cash-generating  unit  or  “CGU”).  The  recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  an 
asset’s  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell  and  value  in  use  (being  the  present  value  of  the  expected  future  cash 
flows of the relevant asset or CGU). An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset’s 
carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.

Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment annually or at any time if an 
indicator of impairment exists. As well, newly acquired goodwill is reviewed for impairment at the end of 
the year in which it was acquired.

Goodwill acquired through a business combination is allocated to each CGU, or group of CGUs, that are 
expected  to  benefit  from  the  related  business  combination.  A  group  of  CGUs  represents  the  lowest  level 
within the entity at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes, which is not higher 
than an operating segment. Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed.

The  Company  evaluates  impairment  losses,  other  than  goodwill  impairment,  for  potential  reversals  when 
events or circumstances warrant such consideration.

62

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

        i)  Cash and cash equivalents

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  include  cash  on  hand,  deposits  held  with  banks,  and  other  short-term  highly 
liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

        j)   Income taxes

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of 
Earnings except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case the income 
tax is recognized directly in equity. 

Current  tax  is  the  expected  tax  payable  on  the  taxable  income  for  the  year,  using  tax  rates  enacted,  or 
substantively enacted, at the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of 
previous years. 

In general, deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences arising between the tax bases of 
assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income 
tax  is  determined  on  a  non-discounted  basis  using  tax  rates  and  laws  that  have  been  enacted  or 
substantively  enacted  at  the  statement  of  financial  position  date  and  are  expected  to  apply  when  the 
deferred tax asset or liability is settled. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable 
that the assets can be recovered. 

Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries except, in 
the case of subsidiaries, where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by BGSI 
and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

k)   Unearned rebates

Prepaid  purchase  rebates  are  recorded  as  unearned  rebates  on  the  statement  of  financial  position  and 
amortized, as a reduction of the cost of purchases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract.

l)   Shareholders’ capital

Common shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of shares are 
recognized as a deduction from equity.

m)   Share-based compensation plans

Equity settled plans
The Company's stock option plan allows for the granting of options up to an amount of 250,000 Common 
shares. The fair value of each option is measured at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing 
model. Compensation expense is recognized over the option vesting period, based on the number of options 
expected to vest, with the offset credited to contributed surplus.

Cash settled plans
The Company’s Performance Share Units, Restricted Share Units and Directors Deferred Share Unit Plan 
are  cash  settled  share-based  payments.  The  fair  value  of  each  outstanding  Performance  Share  Unit  and 
Restricted Share Unit is estimated based on the fair market value of the Company’s units/shares at the grant 
date, subsequently adjusted for additional shares granted based on the reinvestment of notional dividends 
and  the  market  value  of  the  shares  at  the  end  of  each  reporting  period.  The  associated  compensation 
expense is recognized over the vesting period, factoring in the probability of the performance criteria being 
met during that period. The fair value of each outstanding Director Deferred Share Unit is estimated based 

63

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

on the fair market value of the BGSI’s shares at the grant date, subsequently adjusted for additional shares 
granted based on the reinvestment of notional dividends and the market value of the shares at the end of 
each reporting period.

n)   Earnings per share

Basic  earnings  per  share  (“EPS”)  is  calculated  by  dividing  the  net  earnings  for  the  period  attributable  to 
equity owners of the Company by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted  EPS  is  calculated  by  adjusting  the  weighted  average  number  of  shares  outstanding  and 
corresponding  earnings  impact  for  dilutive  instruments.  The  Company’s  potentially  dilutive  instruments 
consist  of  stock  options.  The  dilutive  impact  of  the  stock  options  are  calculated  using  the  treasury  stock 
method.

        o)  Foreign currency translation

Items  included  in  the  financial  statements  of  each  subsidiary  are  measured  using  the  currency  of  the 
primary  economic  environment  in  which  the  entity  operates  (the  “functional  currency”).  The  Company 
operates  with  multiple  functional  currencies.  The  consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  in  U.S. 
dollars as this provides a better reflection of the Company’s business activities, given the significance of 
revenues denominated in U.S. dollars. Entities that have a functional currency different from that of U.S. 
dollars are translated into U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the noon rate 
of  exchange  prevailing  at  the  statement  of  financial  position  dates  and  income  and  expense  items  are 
translated at the average exchange rate during the period (as this is considered a reasonable approximation 
to  actual  rates).  The  adjustment  arising  from  the  translation  of  these  accounts  is  recognized  in  other 
comprehensive earnings (loss) as cumulative translation adjustments.  

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing 
at the dates of the transactions. Generally, foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement 
of foreign currency transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and 
liabilities  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  an  operation’s  functional  currency  are  recognized  in 
earnings.

        p)  Financial instruments 

Recognition
Financial  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  when  the  Company  becomes  a  party  to  the  contractual 
provisions of the instrument. 

Classification
BGSI classifies its financial assets and liabilities in the following categories depending on the Company’s 
business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows:

•

•

Those to be measured subsequently at fair value, either through profit or loss (“FVPL”) or through 
OCI, and
Those to be measured at amortized cost

Cash  and  accounts  receivable  are  classified  as  amortized  cost.  After  their  initial  fair  value  measurement, 
they  are  measured  at  amortized  cost  using  the  effective  interest  method,  as  reduced  by  appropriate 
allowances for estimated lifetime expected credit losses.

Investments which do not qualify for equity treatment are recorded as other long term assets at FVPL. As 
there is no ready secondary market, the fair value is estimated using the discounted cash flow method. 

64

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, dividends payable, and long-term debt are classified as amortized 
cost and are net of any related financing fees or issue costs. After their initial fair value measurement, they 
are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. 

Derivative contracts are classified as financial assets or financial liabilities at FVPL with mark-to-market 
adjustments being recorded to net earnings at each period end.

Measurement
At initial recognition, BGSI measures a financial asset at its fair value. In the case of a financial asset not 
measured at FVPL, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset are 
included in the initial fair value. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at FVPL are expensed in profit 
or loss.

For those financial instruments where fair value is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial 
Position the methods and assumptions used to develop fair value measurements have been classified into 
one of the three levels of the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments:

•
•
•

Level 1 includes quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 includes inputs that are observable other than quoted prices included in Level 1
Level 3 includes inputs that are not based on observable market data

      q)  Pensions and other post-retirement benefits

The  Company  contributes  to  defined  contribution  pension  plans  of  certain  employees.  Contributions  are 
recognized  within  operating  expenses  at  an  amount  equal  to  contributions  payable  for  the  period.  Any 
outstanding contributions are recognized as liabilities within accrued liabilities.

        r)  Provisions

Provisions  are  recognized  when  BGSI  has  a  present  legal  or  constructive  obligation  that  has  arisen  as  a 
result  of  a  past  event  and  it  is  probable  that  a  future  outflow  of  resources  will  be  required  to  settle  the 
obligation, provided that a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured at management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation 
at  the  end  of  the  reporting  period,  and  are  discounted  to  present  value  where  the  effect  is  material.  The 
increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

s)    Segment reporting

The chief operating decision-maker is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the 
operating segments and has been identified as the joint responsibility of the President and Chief Executive 
Officer of BGSI and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of BGSI. 

The Company’s primary line of business is automotive collision and glass repair and related services, with 
the majority of revenues relating to this group of similar services. This line of business operates in Canada 
and  the  U.S.  and  both  regions  exhibit  similar  long-term  economic  characteristics.  In  this  circumstance, 
IFRS  requires  the  Company  to  provide  specific  geographical  disclosure.  For  the  years  reported,  the 
Company’s revenues were derived within Canada or the U.S. and all property, plant and equipment, right of 
use assets, goodwill and intangible assets are located within these two geographic areas.

65

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

        t)    Reporting Interest Paid on the Statement of Cash Flows

In accordance with IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows, the Company has made the accounting policy choice to 
disclose these amounts as “Financing Activities” in the cash flow statement as this best reflects the nature 
of these expenses.

3. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS

Estimates  and  judgments  are  continually  evaluated  and  are  based  on  historical  experience  and  other  factors, 
including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Critical accounting estimates 

BGSI  makes  estimates,  including  the  assumptions  applied  therein,  concerning  the  future.  The  resulting 
accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions 
that  have  a  significant  risk  of  causing  a  material  adjustment  to  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities 
within the next financial year are addressed below.

Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets

When testing goodwill and intangibles for impairment, BGSI uses a five year forward looking discounted cash 
flow  of  the  cash  generating  unit  (“CGU”)  or  group  of  CGU’s  to  which  the  asset  relate.  An  estimate  of  the 
recoverable amount is then calculated as the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use 
(being the present value of the expected future cash flows of the relevant asset or CGU). An impairment loss is 
recognized for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The methods 
used  to  value  intangible  assets  and  goodwill  require  critical  estimates  to  be  made  regarding  the  future  cash 
flows and useful lives of the intangible assets. Goodwill and intangible asset impairments, when recognized, 
are  recorded  as  a  separate  charge  to  earnings,  and  could  materially  impact  the  operating  results  of  the 
Company for any particular accounting period.

Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets

BGSI assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets, other than goodwill and intangibles, after considering 
the  potential  impairment  indicated  by  such  factors  as  business  and  market  trends,  the  Company’s  ability  to 
transfer the assets, future prospects, current market value and other economic factors. In performing its review 
of recoverability, management estimates the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and 
their  potential  disposition.  If  the  discounted  sum  of  the  expected  future  cash  flows  is  less  than  the  carrying 
value of the assets generating those cash flows, an impairment loss would be recognized based on the excess of 
the carrying amounts of the assets over their estimated recoverable value. The underlying estimates for cash 
flows  include  estimates  for  future  sales,  gross  margin  rates  and  operating  expenses.  Changes  which  may 
impact  these  estimates  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  business  risks  and  uncertainties  and  economic 
conditions.  To  the  extent  that  management’s  estimates  are  not  realized,  future  assessments  could  result  in 
impairment charges that may have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Business Combinations

Fair  value  of  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  in  a  business  combination  is  estimated  based  on 
information  available  at  the  date  of  acquisition  and  involves  considerable  judgment  in  determining  the  fair 
values  assigned  to  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  intangible  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  on 

66

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

acquisition.  The  determination  of  these  fair  values  involves  analysis  including  the  use  of  discounted  cash 
flows, estimated future margins, future growth rates, market rents and capitalization rates. There is estimation 
in this analysis and actual results could differ from estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

BGSI  has  applied  discounted  cash  flow  methods  to  establish  the  fair  value  of  certain  financial  assets  and 
financial liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, as well as disclosed in the 
notes to the consolidated financial statements. BGSI also establishes mark-to-market valuations for derivative 
instruments, which are assumed to represent the current fair value of these instruments. These valuations rely 
on assumptions regarding interest and exchange rates as well as other economic indicators, which at the time 
of establishing the fair value for disclosure, have a high degree of uncertainty. Unrealized gains or losses on 
these derivative financial instruments may not be realized as markets change. 

Income Taxes

BGSI  is  subject  to  income  tax  in  several  jurisdictions  and  estimates  are  used  to  determine  the  provision  for 
income  taxes.  During  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  there  are  transactions  and  calculations  for  which  the 
ultimate tax determination is uncertain. As a result, the Company recognizes tax liabilities based on estimates 
of whether additional taxes and interest will be due. Uncertain tax liabilities may be recognized when, despite 
the Company’s belief that its tax return positions are supportable, the Company believes that certain positions 
are  likely  to  be  challenged  and  may  not  be  fully  sustained  upon  review  by  tax  authorities.  The  Company 
believes that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open audit years based on its assessment of many 
factors  including  past  experience  and  interpretations  of  tax  law.  To  the  extent  that  the  final  tax  outcome  of 
these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact income tax expense in the 
period in which such determination is made.

Critical judgments in applying the entity’s accounting policies

Deferred Tax Assets

The assessment of the probability of future taxable income in which deferred tax assets can be utilized is based 
on  BGSI's  latest  forecasts  which  are  adjusted  for  significant  non-taxable  income  and  expenses  and  specific 
limits to the use of any unused tax loss or credit. The tax rules in the numerous jurisdictions in which BGSI 
operates  are  also  carefully  taken  into  consideration.  If  a  positive  forecast  of  taxable  income  indicates  the 
probable use of a deferred tax asset, that deferred tax asset is recognized in full. The recognition of deferred tax 
assets  that  are  subject  to  certain  legal  or  economic  limits  or  uncertainties  is  assessed  individually  by 
management based on the specific facts and circumstances. The judgments inherent in these assessments are 
subject to uncertainty and if changed could materially affect the BGSI’s assessment of its ability to realize the 
benefit of these tax assets.

4.     CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The IASB amendments to IAS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements and IAS 8 - Changes in Accounting 
Policies,  Changes  in  Accounting  Estimates  and  Errors  require  the  disclosure  of  material  accounting  policy 
rather  than  significant  accounting  policies,  and  help  entities  to  distinguish  between  accounting  policies  and 
accounting  estimates.  The  amendments  are  effective  for  the  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1, 
2023 and do not materially impact the Company’s financial disclosures.

67

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

The May 2023 IASB amendment to IAS 12 – Income Taxes requires entities to disclose information relating to 
income  taxes  arising  from  implementation  of  Pillar  Two  Model  Rules  published  by  the  Organization  for 
Economic  Co-Operation  and  Development.  The  amendments  are  effective  for  annual  reporting  periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Based on the Company’s assessment and the Pillar Two effective tax 
rates in all jurisdictions in which the Company is operating, the Company does not expect a material exposure 
to Pillar Two top up taxes.

5. ACQUISITIONS

The  Company  completed  71  acquisitions  that  added  78  collision  repair  locations  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023 as follows:

Acquisition Date

January 3, 2023

January 6, 2023

January 18, 2023

February 3, 2023

February 3, 2023

February 10, 2023

February 10, 2023

February 22, 2023

February 27, 2023

March 17, 2023

March 22, 2023

March 24, 2023

March 24, 2023

March 28, 2023

March 28, 2023

March 29, 2023

April 21, 2023

April 21, 2023

April 21, 2023

April 27, 2023

April 28, 2023

May 5, 2023

May 9, 2023

May 26, 2023

May 26, 2023

May 26, 2023

May 31, 2023

Location

Cameron Park, CA

Abilene, TX

Park City, UT

Hendersonville, NC

Rogers, MN

Lansdale, PA

Sacramento, CA

LaBelle, FL

Perry, GA

Rancho Cucamonga, CA

Sacramento, CA

Modesto, CA

Prattville, AL

Longview, TX

Charleroi, PA

Sharpsburg, GA

Griffin, GA

Huntsville, AL

Baltimore, MD

Stockton, CA

Kailua-Kona, HI

Puyallup, WA

Iowa City, IA

Ft. Lauderdale, FL

Monroe, MI

Chicago, IL

Albany, NY

68

 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

Acquisition Date

June 2, 2023

June 16, 2023

June 16, 2023

June 23, 2023

June 23, 2023

June 29, 2023

July 14, 2023

July 14, 2023

July 21, 2023

July 21, 2023

July 28, 2023

August 15, 2023

August 15, 2023

August 25, 2023

September 6, 2023

September 8, 2023

September 8, 2023

September 12, 2023

September 22, 2023

September 22, 2023
October 13, 2023

October 20, 2023

October 27, 2023

November 3, 2023

November 7, 2023

November 8, 2023

November 10, 2023

November 10, 2023

November 16, 2023

November 17, 2023

November 17, 2023

November 25, 2023

November 27, 2023

November 28, 2023

November 29, 2023

December 1, 2023

December 1, 2023

Location

Merced, CA

Sacramento, Davis, and Yuba City, CA (3 locations)

Austin, TX

Fridley, MN

Red Bluff, CA

Walla Walla, WA

Wildwood, FL

Donaldsonville, LA

Redding, CA

Lafayette and New Iberia, LA (2 locations)

Oroville, CA

Coon Rapids, MN

Chicago, IL

Alexandria, MN

Albion, NY

Lincoln Park, MI

River Falls, WI

Troy, MI

Kingston, NY

Arnold, Imperial, and St. Louis, MO (3 locations)
Pleasant Hill, IA

Avon, MN

Houston, TX

Chico, CA

Albertville, MN

Redding, CA

Spring, TX

Stafford, TX

Naples, FL

North Port, FL

Walker, LA

Owensboro, KY

Houston, TX

Lodi, CA

Becker, MN

Elk River, MN

Melrose, MN

69

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

Acquisition Date
December 5, 2023

December 8, 2023

December 15, 2023

December 15, 2023

December 19, 2023

December 27, 2023

December 29, 2023

Location
Turlock, CA

San Antonio, TX (3 locations) 

Golden Valley, MN

Shakopee, MN

Louisville, KY

Niagara Falls, ON

Sacramento, CA

During the first quarter of 2023, the company acquired a two location glass business in Minnesota and a single 
location glass business in Texas. During the third quarter of 2023, the company acquired a single location glass 
business in New York, a single location glass business in Virginia and invested in a long term asset to support 
the continued growth in the glass business. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the company acquired a single 
location glass business in Pennsylvania.

70

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

The company has accounted for the 2023 acquisitions using the acquisition method as follows:

Total 
acquisitions

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

11 

1,818 

27,219 

49,916 

25,158 

1,372 

6,414 

(48) 

(49,916) 

61,944 

29,996 

91,940 

85,393 

6,547 

91,940 

Acquisitions in 2023

Identifiable net assets acquired at fair value:

Cash

Other currents assets

Property, plant and equipment

Right of use assets

Identified intangible assets

Customer relationships

Non-compete agreements

Intellectual property

Current liabilities

Lease liabilities

Identifiable net assets acquired

Goodwill

Total purchase consideration

Consideration provided

Cash paid or payable

Seller notes

Total consideration provided

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

The Company completed 20 acquisitions that added 23 locations during the year ended December 31, 2022 as 
follows:

Acquisition Date
January 3, 2022
February 11, 2022
March 18, 2022
March 28, 2022
March 31, 2022
April 29, 2022
May 13, 2022
May 31, 2022
July 8, 2022
July 29, 2022
September 2, 2022
September 6, 2022
September 9, 2022
September 30, 2022
October 7, 2022
November 4, 2022
November 28, 2022
November 28, 2022
December 30, 2022
December 30, 2022

Location
Springhill & Thompson’s Station, TN (2 locations)
Signal Hill, CA
Bossier City & Shreveport, LA (2 locations)
New Smyrna Beach, FL
Eau Claire and Plover, WI (2 locations)
Indian Trail, NC
Marion, NC
Elkhorn, WI
Roseville, CA
Orangevale, CA
La Crosse, WI
Brownwood, TX
Yakima, WA
Sacramento, CA
Tulsa, OK
Wausau, WI
Sulphur, LA
Lake Charles, LA
Tallahassee, FL
Colorado Springs, CO

During  the  first  quarter  of  2022,  the  company  also  acquired  a  single  location  glass  business  in  Minnesota. 
During  the  third  quarter  of  2022,  the  company  opened  a  single  location  glass  business  in  California  and 
acquired a four location glass business in Florida. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the company acquired a 
single location glass business in Wisconsin.

72

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

The company has accounted for the 2022 acquisitions using the acquisition method as follows:

Acquisitions in 2022

Identifiable net assets acquired at fair value:

Other currents assets

Property, plant and equipment

Right of use assets

Identified intangible assets

Customer relationships

Non-compete agreements

Lease liabilities

Identifiable net assets acquired

Goodwill

Total purchase consideration

Consideration provided

Cash paid or payable

Seller notes

Total consideration provided

Total 
acquisitions

960 

11,055 

18,179 

13,903 

466 

(18,179) 

26,384 

6,190 

32,574 

28,699 

3,875 

32,574 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

The preliminary purchase prices for the 2023 acquisitions may be revised as additional information becomes 
available. Further adjustments may be recorded in future periods as purchase price adjustments are finalized.  

Canadian acquisition transactions are initially recognized in U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange in effect on 
the  transaction  dates.  Subsequently,  the  assets  and  liabilities  are  translated  at  the  rate  in  effect  at  the 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position date.

A significant part of the goodwill recorded on the acquisitions can be attributed to the assembled workforce 
and the operating know-how of key personnel. However, no intangible assets qualified for separate recognition 
in this respect.  

Goodwill recognized during 2023 is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.  

On the statement of cash flows, included as part of cash used for acquisition and development of business were 
costs  related  to  the  acquisition  of  businesses,  as  well  as  the  development  of  businesses  which  consisted 
primarily of property, plant and equipment additions.

The results of operations reflect the revenues and expenses of acquired operations from the date of acquisition. 
During 2023, revenue contributed by 2023 acquisitions since being acquired were $68,171. Net losses incurred 

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

by 2023 acquisitions since being acquired were $4,809. If 2023 acquisitions had been acquired on January 1, 
2023, BGSI’s revenue and net earnings for the year ended December 31, 2023 would have been $3,062,647 
and $72,368 (unaudited), respectively.

6.

INVENTORY

As at

Parts and materials

Work in process

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

$ 

23,864  $ 

54,668 

78,532  $ 

20,734 

58,050 

78,784 

Included in cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 are parts and material costs of $931,089 (2022 
– $794,017) and labour costs of $471,451 (2022 – $389,609) with the balance of cost of sales primarily made 
up of sublet charges.

74

 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Land

Buildings

Shop 
Equipment

Office 
Equipment

Computer 
Hardware

Signage

Vehicles

Depreciation rates

5%

15%

20%

30%

15%

30%

Leasehold 
Improvements

10 to 25 years 
straight line

CIP

Total

As at January 1, 2023

Cost

Accumulated 
   depreciation

Net book value

For the year ended 
December 31, 2023

Acquired through
business
combinations

Additions

Proceeds on 
disposal

Gain (loss) on 
disposal

Transfers from
right of use
assets

Depreciation

Foreign exchange

$11,114

$19,519

$246,930

$19,406

$35,441

$19,421

$9,218

$201,642

$16,841

$579,532

—

(3,160)

(122,358)

(11,910)

(23,058)

(9,109)

$11,114

$16,359

$124,572

$7,496

$12,383

$10,312

(6,133)

$3,085

(89,240)

—

(264,968)

$112,402

$16,841

$314,564

1,086

1,050

4,499

7,066

11,933

53,457

(47)

(102)

—

—

4,431

—

(9)

—

11

3,316

—

(11)

—

—

2,981

—

—

—

286

2,932

(568)

195

297

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

12

(1,331)

(24,740)

(2,008)

(4,216)

(1,904)

(1,302)

(21,362)

24

162

9

18

12

2

48

9,404

65,229

—

27,219

16,519

156,981

—

(92)

—

(2,832)

(3,447)

(38)

(57)

—

—

—

297

(56,863)

287

Net book value

$13,262

$26,617

$165,235

$9,919

$11,501

$11,401

$4,927

$165,629

$30,490

$438,981

As at December 31, 2023

Cost

Accumulated
   depreciation

Net book value

$13,262

$31,119

$312,529

$23,828

$38,728

$22,302

$12,051

$275,027

$30,490

$759,336

—

(4,502)

(147,294)

(13,909)

(27,227)

(10,901)

(7,124)

(109,398)

—

(320,355)

$13,262

$26,617

$165,235

$9,919

$11,501

$11,401

$4,927

$165,629

$30,490

$438,981

75

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

Land

Buildings

Shop 
Equipment

Office 
Equipment

Computer 
Hardware

Signage

Vehicles

Depreciation rates

5%

15%

20%

30%

15%

30%

Leasehold 
Improvements

10 to 25 years 
straight line

CIP

Total

As at January 1, 2022

Cost

$25,774

$46,783

$224,253

$17,437

$30,355

$15,828

$7,430

$176,203

$14,938

$559,001

Accumulated 
   depreciation 

Net book value 

For the year ended 
December 31, 2022

Acquired through
business
combinations

Additions

Proceeds on 
disposal

Gain (loss) on 
disposal

Transfers from
right of use
assets

Depreciation

—

(5,195)

(104,415)

(10,402)

(19,171)

(7,715)

(5,504)

(74,416)

—

(226,818)

$25,774

$41,588

$119,838

$7,035

$11,184

$8,113

$1,926

$101,787

$14,938

$332,183

1,034

—

1,416

1,899

4,326

21,510

—

2,281

—

5,811

—

3,798

253

1,738

4,026

31,421

—

8,758

11,055

77,216

(15,661)

(26,282)

(27)

(373)

(17)

(460)

—

—

—

—

(6)

20

—

—

(22)

—

—

(2)

38

Foreign exchange 

(33)

(69)

(456)

(26)

(50)

(36)

(1,361)

(20,601)

(1,810)

(4,539)

(1,599)

(825)

(8,229)

(6,855)

(57,885)

528

369

279

(808)

(5)

422

(17,184)

(210)

—

—

—

—

503

279

(47,902)

(885)

Net book value

$11,114

$16,358

$124,573

$7,494

$12,384

$10,312

$3,086

$112,402

$16,841

$314,564

As at December 31, 2022

Cost

$11,114

$19,519

$246,930

$19,406

$35,441

$19,421

$9,218

$201,642

$16,841

$579,532

Accumulated
   depreciation

—

(3,160)

(122,358)

(11,910)

(23,058)

(9,109)

(6,133)

(89,240)

—

(264,968)

Net book value

$11,114

$16,359

$124,572

$7,496

$12,383

$10,312

$3,085

$112,402

$16,841

$314,564

76

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

8. RIGHT OF USE ASSETS

As at

Property

Vehicles and 
Equipment

December 31, 
2023

Balance, beginning of period
Acquired through business 
combinations
Additions and modifications
Depreciation
Transfers to property, plant and 
equipment
Foreign exchange
Net book value

$ 

559,254  $ 

9,183  $ 

568,437 

49,916   
137,892   
(106,004)  

—   
1,231   
642,289  $ 

$ 

—   
6,972   
(3,802)  

(297)  
2   
12,058  $ 

49,916 
144,864 
(109,806) 

(297) 
1,233 
654,347 

As at

Property

Vehicles and 
Equipment

December 31, 
2022

Balance, beginning of period
Acquired through business 
combinations
Additions and modifications
Depreciation
Loss on disposal
Transfers to property, plant and 
equipment
Foreign exchange

$ 

494,700  $ 

7,336  $ 

502,036 

18,179   
148,047   
(98,179)  
—   

—   
(3,493)  

—   
5,102   
(2,971)  
—   

(279)  
(5)  

18,179 
153,149 
(101,150) 
— 

(279) 
(3,498) 

Net book value

$ 

559,254  $ 

9,183  $ 

568,437 

77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

9.

INCOME TAXES

BGSI accounts for deferred income tax assets and liabilities in respect of accounting and tax basis differences.  
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities which relate to the same jurisdiction are netted on the Consolidated 
Statement of Financial Position.

a.  The  reconciliation  between  income  tax  expense  and  the  accounting  earnings  multiplied  by  the  combined 
basic Canadian and U.S. federal, provincial and state tax rates is as follows:

For the years ended 
December 31,

2023

2022

Earnings before income taxes
Combined basic Canadian and U.S. federal, provincial and state tax 
rates

$ 

119,521 

$ 

58,727 

 26.12 %

 26.19 %

Income tax expense at combined statutory tax rates 

$ 

31,219 

$ 

15,381 

Adjustments for the tax effect of:

Additional state tax liability

Other non-deductible expenses 

Other

Income tax expense 

1,177 

289 

180 

2,039 

285 

60 

$ 

32,865 

$ 

17,765 

b. Deferred income taxes consist of the Canadian and U.S. tax jurisdictions, respectively, as follows:

As at
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Right of use assets net of lease liabilities
Accrued liabilities
Issue costs
Director Share Units
Non-capital losses carried forward
Other

Deferred income tax asset

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

$ 

(409) $ 
(5,239)  
1,969   
—   
461   
1,639   
5,473   
422   

4,316  $ 

(32) 
(4,589) 
1,630 
198 
900 
969 
4,635 
104 

3,815 

78

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

As at
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Right of use assets net of lease liabilities
Accrued liabilities 
Acquisition costs
Other

Deferred income tax liability 

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

54,702  $ 
52,158   
(13,799)  
(16,796)  
(4,203)  
(1,791)  

$ 

70,271  $ 

45,808 
44,280 
(11,224) 
(10,989) 
(3,713) 
(1,277) 

62,885 

c.  The  movement  in  deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  in  Canada  and  U.S.  tax  jurisdictions, 
respectively, during the year is as follows:

Deferred income tax asset as at

Balance, beginning of year
Deferred income tax recovery
Foreign exchange
Balance, end of year

Deferred income tax liability as at 

Balance, beginning of year
Deferred income tax expense 
Balance, end of year 

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

$ 

3,815  $ 
393   
108  $ 
4,316  $ 

1,737 
2,230 
(152) 
3,815 

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

$ 

62,885  $ 
7,386   
70,271  $ 

48,602 
14,283 
62,885 

d. Deferred income tax assets are recognized to the extent it is probable that sufficient future taxable income 
will  be  available  to  allow  a  deferred  income  tax  asset  to  be  realized.  At  December  31,  2023  BGSI  has 
recognized all of its deferred income tax assets with the exception of $5,678 (2022 - $5,545) in capital losses 
available in Canada. At December 31, 2023 the Company has non-capital losses in Canada of $21,019 (2022 - 
$17,770) and net operating losses in the U.S. of $nil (2022 - $nil).  

The losses in Canada expire as follows:

Year of expiry
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

1,478 
— 
1,909 
15,382 
2,250 

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

10. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Customer 
Relationships

Brand
Name

As at January 1, 2022

Cost
Accumulated amortization
Net book value
For the year ended
December 31, 2022

Acquired through business combinations 
Additions
Amortization
Foreign exchange
Net book value

As at December 31, 2022

Cost
Accumulated amortization
Net book value
For the year ended
December 31, 2023

Acquired through business combinations
Additions
Amortization
Foreign exchange
Net book value

As at December 31, 2023

Cost
Accumulated amortization
Net book value

$402,598
(89,539)
$313,059

13,903
—
(20,563)
(2,855)
$303,544

$412,705
(109,161)
$303,544

25,158
—
(21,272)
928
$308,358

$439,201
(130,843)
$308,358

$23,681
(5,170)
$18,511

—
—
(292)
(706)
$17,513

$22,974
(5,461)
$17,513

—
—
—
249
$17,762

$23,223
(5,461)
$17,762

Non-
compete
Agreements

Favourable
Lease
Agreements

$23,353
(16,625)
$6,728

466
7
(2,608)
(17)
$4,576

$23,203
(18,627)
$4,576

1,372
—
(1,864)
1
$4,085

$24,722
(20,637)
$4,085

$6,301
(2,514)
$3,787

—
—
(420)
(3)
$3,364

$6,305
(2,941)
$3,364

—
—
(420)
(2)
$2,942

$6,305
(3,363)
$2,942

Total

$468,397
(119,670)
$348,727

14,369
259
(26,567)
(3,849)
$332,939

$476,827
(143,888)
$332,939

32,944
1,684
(26,182)
1,396
$342,781

$513,274
(170,493)
$342,781

Software

$12,464
(5,822)
$6,642

—
252
(2,684)
(268)
$3,942

$11,640
(7,698)
$3,942

6,414
1,684
(2,626)
220
$9,634

$19,823
(10,189)
$9,634

80

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

11. GOODWILL 

As at

Balance, beginning of year

Acquired through business combination

Foreign exchange

Balance, end of period

December 31,
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

601,706  $ 

601,991 

29,996 

2,284 

6,190 

(6,475) 

$ 

633,986  $ 

601,706 

When testing goodwill for impairment, BGSI uses a five year forward looking discounted cash flow of the 
cash generating unit (“CGU”) or group of CGUs to which the asset relate. BGSI has used the fair value less 
costs to sell method to evaluate the carrying amount of goodwill. The key assumptions used in the assessment 
include  an  estimate  of  current  and  future  cash  flows,  taxes,  future  acquisition  growth,  future  capital 
expenditures,  a  terminal  growth  rate  of  3%  and  a  weighted  average  cost  of  capital  of  9%  to  11%.  BGSI 
concluded that there was no impairment to the carrying amount of goodwill as at December 31, 2023. The 
carrying amount of goodwill for the Canadian CGU was $97,044 as at December 31, 2023.

Sensitivity testing is conducted as part of the annual impairment tests. After considering all key assumptions, 
management considers that a reasonably possible change in only the following assumptions would cause the 
Canadian CGU’s carrying amount to exceed its recoverable amount:

•
•

If the discount rate increased by approximately 2.8%.
If Adjusted EBITDA margins are lower by approximately 2.4% throughout the forecast period, 
representing a 18% decline in Adjusted EBITDA.  

Earnings  before  interest,  taxes,  depreciation  and  amortization  (“EBITDA”)  is  not  a  calculation  defined  in 
IFRS.  EBITDA comprises sales less operating expenses before finance costs, amortization and depreciation,  
and income taxes.  Adjusted EBITDA is calculated to exclude acquisition and transaction costs and fair value 
adjustments  to  contingent  consideration,  which  do  not  relate  to  the  current  operating  performance  of  the 
business units but are typically costs incurred to expand operations.   

81

 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

12. OTHER LONG TERM ASSETS

Other  long  term  assets  consist  primarily  of  rent  deposits  in  the  amount  of  $3,720  (2022  -  $3,463)  and  an 
investment  of  $8,000  (2022  -  $nil)  to  support  the  growth  of  the  glass  business.  Investments  which  do  not 
qualify for equity treatment are recorded as other long term assets.

13. DIVIDENDS

The Company’s Directors have discretion in declaring dividends. The Company declares and pays dividends 
from its available cash from operations taking into account current and future performance amounts necessary 
for principal and interest payments on debt obligations, amounts required for maintenance capital expenditures 
and amounts allocated to reserves.

The  Company  declared  dividends  of  C$0.147  per  share  in  the  first,  second  and  third  quarters  of  2023  and 
C$0.150  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2023.  The  Company  declared  dividends  of  C$0.144  per  share  in  the  first, 
second and third quarter of 2022 and C$0.147 in the fourth quarter of 2022.

The following is the balance of dividends payable: 

As at

December 31,
2023

December 31, 
2022

Balance, beginning of period

$ 

2,330  $ 

Declared

Payments

Foreign exchange

Balance, end of period

9,412

(9,382)   

75

$ 

2,435  $ 

2,439 

9,499

(9,545) 

(63)

2,330 

Dividends to shareholders were declared and paid in thousands of U.S. dollars as follows:

Record date
March 31, 2023
June 30, 2023
September 30, 2023
December 31, 2023

Record date
March 31, 2022
June 30, 2022
September 30, 2022
December 31, 2022

Payment date
April 26, 2023
July 27, 2023
October 27, 2023
January 29, 2024

Payment date
April 27, 2022
July 27, 2022
October 27, 2022
January 27, 2023

82

Dividend amount

$ 

$ 

2,306 
2,376 
2,333 
2,397 
9,412 

Dividend amount

$ 

$ 

2,441 
2,413 
2,321 
2,324 
9,499 

       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

14. LONG-TERM DEBT

The Company has a credit agreement maturing in March 2025 which consists of a revolving credit facility of 
$550,000 with an accordion feature which can increase the facility to a maximum of $825,000 (the “revolving 
credit facility”, or the “facility”). The revolving credit facility is accompanied by a seven-year fixed-rate Term 
Loan  A  in  the  amount  of  $125,000  at  an  interest  rate  of  3.455%.  The  revolving  credit  facility  is  with  a 
syndicate  of  Canadian  and  U.S.  banks  and  is  secured  by  the  shares  and  assets  of  the  Company  as  well  as 
guarantees by BGSI and subsidiaries, while Term Loan A is with one of the syndicated banks. The interest rate 
for draws on the revolving credit facility are based on a pricing grid of BGSI’s ratio of total funded debt to 
EBITDA as determined under the credit agreement. The Company can draw on the facility in either the U.S. or 
in Canada, in either U.S. or Canadian dollars. The Company can make draws in tranches as required. Tranches 
bear interest only and are not repayable until the maturity date but can be voluntarily repaid at any time. The 
Company has the ability to choose the base interest rate between Prime, Bankers’ Acceptances (“BA”), U.S. 
Prime  or  Secured  Overnight  Financing  Rate  (“SOFR”)  at  the  Company’s  election.  SOFR  was  introduced  in 
May 2023, where previously the Company had the option to choose London Inter Bank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) 
until it was decommissioned. The total syndicated facility includes a swing line up to a maximum of $10,000 
for the Canadian borrower and $30,000 for the U.S. borrower. As at December 31, 2023, the U.S. borrower 
had  drawn  $264,500  (December  31,  2022  -  $186,500)  and  the  Canadian  borrower  had  drawn  $nil 
(December 31, 2022 - C$9,000) on the revolving credit facility and swing line and $125,000 (December 31, 
2022 - $125,000) on the Term Loan A.

Under  the  revolving  credit  facility,  the  Company  is  subject  to  certain  financial  covenants  which  must  be 
maintained  to  avoid  acceleration  of  the  termination  of  the  credit  agreement.  The  financial  covenants  require 
BGSI to maintain a senior funded debt to EBITDA ratio of no greater than 3.50 and an interest coverage ratio 
of  not  less  than  2.75.  For  four  quarters  following  a  material  acquisition,  the  senior  funded  debt  to  EBITDA 
ratio may be increased to less than 4.00. For purposes of covenant calculations, property lease payments are 
deducted from EBITDA, and EBITDA is further adjusted to reflect pro-forma annualized acquisition results.  

On March 21, 2022, the Company amended the credit agreement to provide for a covenant flex period from 
January 1, 2022 to March 30, 2023 and to provide for revisions to interest rates, allowing for the use of LIBOR 
until  it  was  decommissioned  and  allowing  for  the  use  of  the  SOFR  at  the  Company’s  election.  During  the 
covenant flex period, the financial covenants required BGSI to maintain a senior funded debt to EBITDA ratio 
of no greater than 4.00 from March 21, 2022 to March 30, 2022, no greater than 4.50 from March 31, 2022 to 
September 29, 2022, no greater than 4.25 from September 30, 2022 to December 30, 2022 and no greater than 
4.00 from December 31, 2022 to March 30, 2023. For four quarters following a material acquisition during the 
covenant flex period, the senior funded debt to EBITDA ratio may be increased by up to 0.50, never exceeding 
4.50. 

Financing fees of $1,909 are amortized to finance costs on a straight-line basis over the five year term of the 
third  amended  and  restated  credit  agreement  and  over  the  seven  year  term  for  fees  incurred  related  to  Term 
Loan  A.  The  unamortized  deferred  financing  costs  of  $642  have  been  netted  against  the  debt  drawn  as  at 
December 31, 2023.  

As at December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants. 

Seller notes payable of $32,847 on the financing of certain acquisitions are unsecured, at interest rates ranging 
from 3% to 8%. The notes are repayable from January 2024 to May 2028.

83

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

Long-term debt is comprised of the following:

As at

Revolving credit facility & swing line (net of financing costs)
Term Loan A (net of financing costs)
Seller notes

Current portion

The following is the continuity of long-term debt:

As at

Balance, beginning of period
Consideration on acquisition
Draws
Repayments
Deferred financing costs
Amortization of deferred financing costs
Foreign exchange

December 31,
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

$ 

$ 

264,046  $ 
124,812 
32,847 

421,705  $ 
22,038 

399,667  $ 

192,343 
124,759 
43,069 

360,171 
15,365 

344,806 

December 31,
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

360,171  $ 
6,547 
260,473 
(205,848)   

— 
418 
(56)   

442,073 
3,875 
126,093 
(211,863) 
(514) 
406 
101 

Balance, end of period

$ 

421,705  $ 

360,171 

Included in finance costs for the year ended December 31, 2023 is interest on long-term debt of $19,814 (2022 
- $15,495). 

84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

15. LEASE LIABILITIES

The following is the continuity of lease liabilities:

As at

Balance, beginning of period

Assumed on acquisition

Additions and modifications

Repayments

Financing costs

Foreign exchange

Balance, end of period

Current portion

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

617,926  $ 

49,916 

145,327 

543,347 

18,179 

155,560 

(131,360)   

(117,045) 

32,056 

1,412 

715,277  $ 

107,727 

607,550  $ 

21,795 

(3,910) 

617,926 

98,870 

519,056 

$ 

$ 

Lease expenses are presented in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings as follows:

Operating expenses
Depreciation of right of use assets
Finance costs

Year ended December 31,

2023

2022

$ 
$ 
$ 

7,808  $ 
109,806  $ 
32,056  $ 

6,037 
101,150 
21,795 

Included in operating expenses are short-term and low-value asset lease expenses of $7,711 for the year ended 
December 31, 2023 (2022 - $5,908).

85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

16. UNEARNED REBATES

In connection with a 2019 acquisition, the Company recognized prepaid rebates received from a trading partner 
of  $7,500.  These  rebates  have  been  deferred  as  unearned  rebates.  Under  the  terms  of  this  agreement,  the 
Company will amortize the unearned rebate on a straight line basis over a term of 12 years, as a reduction of 
cost of sales.

The Company is obliged to purchase the suppliers’ products on an exclusive basis over this term. In exchange 
for this exclusive arrangement, and subject to certain conditions, the trading partners are required to continue to 
price  their  products  competitively  to  the  Company.  Termination  of  the  arrangement  by  the  Company,  the 
occurrence of an event of default or a change in control, as defined by the agreement, require the Company to 
repay all unamortized balances and all other amounts as outlined within the agreement.

At December 31, 2023, the Company has unearned rebates of $4,579 (December 31, 2022 – $5,194).

17. FAIR VALUE ADJUSTMENTS 

Contingent consideration

Total fair value adjustments

Year ended December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

$ 

(189)  $ 

(189)  $ 

146 

146 

86

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

18. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

Carrying value and estimated fair value of financial instruments

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Classification

Fair value 
hierarchy

Carrying 
amount

Fair 
value

Carrying 
amount

Fair   
value

Financial assets
Cash

Amortized cost

Accounts receivable

Amortized cost

Long-term asset

FVPL (1)

Financial liabilities
Accounts payable and 
     accrued liabilities

Amortized cost

Dividends payable

Amortized cost

Long-term debt

Amortized cost

(1) Fair Value Through Profit or Loss

n/a

n/a

3

n/a

n/a

n/a

22,511 

  22,511 

15,068 

15,068 

145,793 

 145,793 

139,266 

  139,266 

8,000 

  8,000 

— 

— 

339,823 

 339,823 

307,729 

  307,729 

2,435 

  2,435 

2,330 

2,330 

421,705 

 409,212 

360,171 

  355,815 

For the Company’s current financial assets and liabilities, including accounts receivable, accounts payable and 
accrued liabilities, and dividends payable, which are short term in nature and subject to normal trade terms, the 
carrying values approximate their fair value. The fair value of BGSI’s long-term debt has been determined by 
calculating the present value of the interest rate spread that exists between the actual Term Loan A and the rate 
that  would  be  negotiated  with  the  economic  conditions  at  the  reporting  date.  As  there  is  no  ready  secondary 
market for BGSI’s other long-term debt and other long term asset, the fair value has been estimated using the 
discounted cash flow method. 

Collateral

The  Company’s  syndicated  loan  facility  is  collateralized  by  a  General  Security  Agreement.  The  carrying 
amount of the financial assets pledged as collateral for this facility at December 31, 2023 was approximately 
$168,304 (December 31, 2022 - $154,334).  

Interest rate risk

The  Company’s  operating  line  and  syndicated  loan  facility  are  exposed  to  interest  rate  fluctuations  and  the 
Company  does  not  hold  any  financial  instruments  to  mitigate  this  risk.  Seller  notes  and  Term  Loan  A  are  at 
fixed interest rates.  

87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

Foreign currency risk

The Company’s operations in Canada are more closely tied to its domestic currency. Accordingly, the Canadian 
operations are measured in Canadian dollars and the Company’s foreign exchange translation exposure relates 
to  these  operations.  When  the  Canadian  operation’s  net  asset  values  are  converted  to  U.S.  dollars,  currency 
fluctuations  result  in  period  to  period  changes  in  those  net  asset  values.  BGSI’s  equity  position  reflects  these 
changes in net asset values as recorded in accumulated other comprehensive earnings. The income and expenses 
of the Canadian operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average rate for the period in order to include 
their financial results in the consolidated financial statements. Period to period changes in the average exchange 
rates  cause  translation  effects  that  have  an  impact  on  net  earnings.  Unlike  the  effect  of  exchange  rate 
fluctuations on transaction exposure, the exchange rate translation risk does not affect local currency cash flows.  

Transactional  foreign  currency  risk  also  exists  in  circumstances  where  U.S.  denominated  cash  is  received  in 
Canada. The Company monitors U.S. denominated cash flows to be received in Canada and evaluates whether 
to  use  forward  foreign  exchange  contracts.  No  forward  foreign  exchange  contracts  were  used  during  2023  or 
2022.

BGSI earns interest on promissory notes issued to The Boyd Group (U.S.) Inc., the parent of the Company’s 
U.S. operations. As at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, promissory notes denominated in Canadian 
dollars are as follows:

Promissory notes
As at

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

Promissory note at 5.0% due September 29, 2027

$ 

108,000  $ 

108,000 

Promissory note at 5.75% due January 1, 2030

Promissory note at 9.22% due January 1, 2029

Promissory note at 4.3% due December 30, 2030

41,800 

61,800 

70,000 

41,800 

61,800 

70,000 

$ 

281,600  $ 

281,600 

BGSI’s U.S. operations purchase Canadian dollars at market rates to fund the monthly interest payments.  

Credit risk

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. Cash is in the form of deposits 
on demand with major financial institutions that have strong long-term credit ratings. BGSI is subject to risk of 
non-payment  of  accounts  receivable;  however,  the  Company’s  receivables  are  largely  collected  from  the 
insurers of its customers. Accordingly, the Company’s accounts receivable comprises mostly amounts due from 
national and international insurance companies or provincial crown corporations.  

Aging of accounts receivable
As at
Neither impaired nor past due
Past due:

Over 90 days

Allowance for doubtful accounts
Accounts receivable

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

$ 

$ 

141,148  $ 

132,017 

8,159 
149,307  $ 
(3,514)   
145,793  $ 

10,928 
142,945 
(3,679) 
139,266 

88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

BGSI uses an allowance account to record an estimate of potential impairment for accounts receivables.  

Allowance for doubtful accounts
As at
Balance, beginning of period

(Decrease) increase  in the allowance (net of recoveries and amounts 
written off)
Balance, end of period

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

$ 

3,679  $ 

2,954 

(165)   
3,514  $ 

725 
3,679 

Liquidity risk

The  following  table  details  the  Company’s  remaining  undiscounted  contractual  maturities  for  its  financial 
liabilities.  

Accounts payable and 
     accrued liabilities
Long-term debt
Lease liabilities

Total

Within 1
year

1 to 2
years

2 to 3
years

3 to 4 
years

4 to 5
years

After 5 
years

$339,823
421,705
883,340

$339,823
22,038
141,905
$1,644,868 $503,766

$—
271,553
133,986
$405,539

$—
2,443
117,911
$120,354

$—
125,582
102,699
$228,281

$—
89
82,499
$82,588

$—
—
304,340
$304,340

Obligations  of  the  Company  are  generally  satisfied  through  future  operating  cash  flows  and  the  collection  of 
accounts receivable.

Market Risk and Sensitivity Analysis

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of financial instruments will fluctuate because of 
changes in market prices. Components of market risk to which the Company is exposed are interest rate risk and 
foreign exchange rate risk as discussed above.

BGSI has used a sensitivity analysis technique that measures the estimated change to net earnings and equity of 
a  1%  (100  basis  points)  difference  in  market  interest  rates.  The  sensitivity  analysis  assumes  that  changes  in 
market  interest  rates  only  affect  interest  income  or  expense  of  variable  financial  instruments  not  covered  by 
hedging instruments. For the year ended December 31, 2023 it is estimated that the impact of a 1% increase to 
market  rates  would  result  in  a  $1,948  decrease  (2022  –  $2,201  decrease)  to  net  earnings  as  well  as 
comprehensive earnings.

The  currency  risk  sensitivity  analysis  is  based  on  a  5%  strengthening  or  weakening  of  the  Canadian  Dollar 
against  the  U.S.  Dollar  and  assumes  that  all  other  variables  remain  constant.  Under  this  assumption,  net 
earnings for the year ended December 31, 2023 as well as comprehensive earnings would have changed by $nil 
due to no foreign exchange contracts being in place at the end of 2023 and 2022.    

89

 
BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

19.

 CAPITAL

Shareholders’ Capital

Authorized:
Unlimited number of common shares

An  unlimited  number  of  common  shares  are  authorized  and  may  be  issued  pursuant  to  the  Articles  of 
Incorporation  of  BGSI.  All  common  shares  have  equal  rights  and  privileges.  Each  common  share  is 
redeemable and transferable. A common share entitles the holder thereof to participate equally in dividends, 
including the dividends of net earnings and net realized capital gains of BGSI and dividends on termination or 
winding-up of BGSI, is fully paid and non-assessable and entitles the holder thereof to one vote at all meetings 
of shareholders for each share held. 

20.

 CONTRIBUTED SURPLUS

During the year, stock option accretion (net of issue costs) of $502 (2022 - $357) was credited to contributed 
surplus.

21.   CAPITAL STRUCTURE

The Company’s objective when managing capital is to maintain a flexible capital structure which optimizes the 
cost  of  capital  at  acceptable  risk.  The  Company  includes  in  its  definition  of  capital:  equity,  long-term  debt, 
convertible debentures, convertible debenture conversion features, non-controlling interest put options and call 
liability,  share  based  payment  obligations,  non-property  obligations  under  lease  liabilities,  and  unearned 
rebates, net of cash. 

The  Company  manages  the  capital  structure  and  makes  adjustments  to  it  by  taking  into  account  changing 
economic  conditions,  operating  performance  and  growth  opportunities.  In  order  to  maintain  or  adjust  the 
capital  structure,  the  Company  may  adjust  the  amount  of  dividends  it  pays,  purchase  shares  for  cancellation 
pursuant to a normal course issuer bid, issue new shares, issue new debt or replace existing debt with different 
characteristics, issue convertible debentures, issue share options, expand the revolver, increase or decrease its 
non-property  lease  liabilities,  pursue  alternative  structuring  of  acquisitions,  trigger  call  options  on  certain 
acquisition  obligations,  negotiate  unearned  rebates,  or  settle  certain  acquisition  obligations  using  a  greater 
amount of cash, or shares.

The  Company  monitors  capital  on  a  number  of  bases,  including  an  interest  coverage  ratio,  total  debt  to 
Adjusted EBITDA ratios, return on invested capital, a debt to capital ratio, a current ratio, diluted earnings per 
share and dividends per share. Total debt to Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as the Company’s total debt and 
non-property  lease  liabilities  but  excluding  convertible  debentures  divided  by  Adjusted  EBITDA.  Return  on 
invested  capital  is  the  ratio  of  Adjusted  EBITDA  to  average  invested  capital.  Adjusted  EBITDA  is  a  non-
GAAP financial measure, whose nearest GAAP measure is Cash Flow from Operations.

The  Company’s  strategy  has  been  to  maintain  a  strong  statement  of  financial  position  including  its  cash 
position  and  financial  flexibility  while  maintaining  consistent  dividends  in  order  to  capitalize  on  growth 
opportunities. In addition, the Company believes that, from time to time, the market price of the shares may 
not fully reflect the underlying value of the shares and that at such times the purchase of shares would be in the 
best  interest  of  BGSI.  Such  purchases  increase  the  proportionate  ownership  interest  of  all  remaining 
shareholders. 

90

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

The Company grows, in part, through the acquisition or start-up of collision and glass repair and replacement 
businesses, or other businesses. Sources of capital that the Company has been successful at accessing in the 
past  include  public  and  private  equity  placements,  convertible  debt  offerings,  the  use  of  equity  securities  to 
directly  pay  for  a  portion  of  acquisitions,  capital  available  through  strategic  alliances  with  trading  partners, 
non-property  lease  financing,  seller  financing  and  both  senior  and  subordinate  debt  facilities  or  deferring 
possible future purchase price payments using contingent consideration and call or put options.

22. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In certain circumstances the Company has entered into property lease arrangements where an employee of the
Company is the landlord. In most cases, the Company assumes these property lease arrangements initially in
connection  with  an  acquisition.  The  property  leases  for  these  locations  do  not  contain  any  significant  non-
standard terms and conditions that would not normally exist in an arm’s length relationship, and the Company
has determined that the terms and conditions of the leases are representative of fair market rent values.

The following are the lease payment amounts for facilities under lease with related parties:

Landlord
Gerber Building No. 1

 Ptnrp

Affiliated Person(s) Location

Lease
Expires

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

Timothy O'Day

South Elgin, IL

2029

103 

102 

23. SEGMENTED REPORTING

BGSI  has  one  reportable  line  of  business,  being  automotive  collision  repair  and  related  services,  with  all
revenues  relating  to  a  group  of  similar  services.  In  this  circumstance,  IFRS  requires  BGSI  to  provide
geographical  disclosure.  For  the  periods  reported,  all  of  BGSI’s  sales  were  derived  within  Canada  or  the
United  States  of  America.  Reportable  assets  include  property,  plant  and  equipment,  right  of  use  assets,
goodwill and intangible assets which are all located within these two geographic areas.

Sales
Canada

United States

Reportable Assets
As at
Canada

United States

Year ended December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

231,601  $ 

194,415 

2,714,387 

2,237,903 

$ 

2,945,988  $ 

2,432,318 

December 31,
2023

December 31, 
2022

$ 

220,786  $ 

213,392 

1,849,309 

1,604,254 

$ 

2,070,095  $ 

1,817,646 

91

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

BGSI’s revenues are largely derived from the insurers of its customers, who are generally automobile owners. 
Formal  relationships  with  insurance  companies  such  as  Direct  Repair  Programs  (“DRPs”)  play  an  important 
role  in  generating  sales  volumes  for  the  Company.  Although  automobile  owners  still  have  the  freedom  of 
choice of repair provider, insurance companies may educate the owner on the benefits of choosing a repairer in 
their DRP network. Of the top five insurance companies that BGSI deals with, which in aggregate account for 
approximately 53% (2022 – 54%) of total sales, one insurance company represents approximately 19% (2022 
– 18%) of the Company’s total sales, while a second insurance company represents approximately 11% (2022
– 11%).

24. COMPENSATION OF KEY MANAGEMENT

Salaries and short-term employee benefits

Long-term incentive plan

Share options

For the years ended December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

$ 

7,531  $ 

3,155 

1,119 

11,805  $ 

5,264 

2,263 

399 

7,926 

Key  management  includes  BGSI’s  Directors  as  well  as  the  most  senior  officers  of  the  Company  and 
Subsidiary Companies.

25. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Certain members of the management team of the Company, as well as the Board of Directors of the Company
participate  in  share-based  compensation  plans.  These  plans  are  cash-settled,  with  compensation  expense
determined based on the fair value of the associated liability at the end of the reporting period until the awards
are settled.

Long-term incentive plan

On January 1, 2021, January 1, 2022, and January 1, 2023, Performance Share Unit awards were granted to
certain executive officers for the 2021, 2022 and 2023 grant years. Performance Share Units are tied to share
value from date of grant to the date of vesting and will be paid out in cash over a three-year period, subject to
the terms of the plan. Performance Share Units represent the right to receive payments linked to BGSI’s share
value,  conditional  upon  the  achievement  of  one  or  more  objective  performance  goals.  The  dividend  rate
declared by BGSI on issued and outstanding shares of the Company is also applied to the Performance Share
Units. The dividend amount on the Performance Share Units is converted into additional Performance Share
Units  based  on  the  market  value  of  the  Company’s  shares  at  the  time  of  the  dividend.  These  additional
Performance  Share  Units  vest  at  the  same  time  as  the  Performance  Share  Units  that  the  dividend  rate  was
applied on.

The 2021, 2022, and 2023 awards granted include non-market performance conditions. The impact of market
and non-market performance conditions is recognized through the adjustment of the award that is expected to
vest. At the end of each reporting period, BGSI re-assesses its estimates of the number of Performance Share
Units that are expected to vest and recognizes the impact of the revision to compensation expense in earnings
over the vesting period.

92

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

The fair value of each outstanding Performance Share Unit is estimated based on the fair market value of the 
Company’s  shares  at  the  grant  date,  subsequently  adjusted  for  additional  shares  granted  based  on  the 
reinvestment of notional dividends and the market value of the shares at the end of each reporting period. The 
associated  compensation  expense  is  recognized  over  the  vesting  period,  factoring  in  the  probability  of  the 
performance criteria being met during that period. 

On  January  1,  2021,    January  1,  2022,  and  January  1,  2023  Restricted  Share  Units  were  granted  to  certain 
executive officers for the 2021, 2022 and 2023 grant years. Restricted Share Units are valued by reference to 
share  value  from  date  of  grant  to  the  date  of  vesting  and  will  be  paid  out  in  cash  over  a  two  to  three-year 
period, subject to the terms of the plan. The dividend rate declared by BGSI on issued and outstanding shares 
of  the  Company  is  also  applied  to  the  Restricted  Share  Units.  The  dividend  amount  on  the  Restricted  Share 
Units is converted into additional Restricted Share Units based on the market value of the Company’s shares at 
the time of the dividend. These additional Restricted Share Units vest at the same time as the Restricted Share 
Units that the dividend rate was applied on.

Directors Deferred Share Unit Plan

A  Directors  Deferred  Share  Unit  Plan  (“DSUP”)  is  administered  through  BGSI  and  requires  independent 
Directors  to  receive  at  least  60%  of  their  Director  compensation  in  the  form  of  deferred  shares,  which  are 
essentially notional shares of BGSI and are redeemable for cash on termination. Directors may elect to receive 
up to 100% of their Director compensation in the form of deferred shares. The number of deferred shares to 
which a Director is entitled will be adjusted for the payment of dividends. 

The fair value of each outstanding Director Deferred Share Unit is estimated based on the fair market value of 
BGSI’s shares at the grant date, subsequently adjusted for additional shares granted based on the reinvestment 
of notional dividends and the market value of the shares at the end of each reporting period.

26. EMPLOYEE EXPENSES

Salaries and short-term employee benefits

Post-employment benefits

Long-term incentive plan

Share options

For the years ended December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

1,149,282  $ 

944,862 

5,757 

6,025 

436 

5,017 

2,600 

399 

$ 

1,161,500  $ 

952,878 

93

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

27. DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION PLANS

The  Company  has  defined  contribution  pension  plans  for  certain  employees.  The  Company  matches  U.S.
employee contributions at rates up to 6.0% of the employees’ salary. The expense and payments for the year
were $5,757 (2022 - $5,017).

28. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Net earnings

Basic weighted average number of shares
Add:

Stock Option Plan

Average number of shares outstanding - diluted basis
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share

Year ended December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

86,656  $ 

40,962 

21,472,194 

21,472,194 

3,670 
21,475,864 

$ 
$ 

4.04  $ 
4.04  $ 

— 
21,472,194 
1.91 
1.91 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the impact of the stock options issued in 2021 and 2022 were included 
in the diluted average number of shares outstanding. The stock options issued in 2023 could have potentially 
diluted the basic earnings per share, but their impact was anti-dilutive during this period.  

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  the  impact  of  the  stock  options  issued  in  2021  and  2022  could  have 
potentially diluted the basic earnings per share, but their impact was anti-dilutive during this period.

29. STOCK OPTION PLAN

During the first quarter of 2021, the Company instituted a stock option plan for senior management, which was
approved by shareholders on May 12, 2021. The Company's stock option plan allows for the granting of options
up to an amount of 250,000 Common shares under this plan. Each tranche of the options vests equally over two,
three,  four  and  five  year  periods.    The  term  of  an  option  shall  be  determined  and  approved  by  the  People,
Culture and Compensation Committee; provided that the term shall be no longer than ten years from the grant
date.

On March 31, 2021 the Company issued 13,831 options under the stock option plan with a grant date fair value
of C$56.99 per option and an exercise price of C$219.21 per option. As at December 31, 2023, 11,232 options
remain issued and outstanding, 25% of which have vested. Issue costs of $105 were incurred with respect to the
stock option plan.

On March 31, 2022 the Company issued 18,878 options under the stock option plan with a grant date fair value
of C$47.08 per option and an exercise price of C$164.68 per option. As at December 31, 2023, 16,533 options
remain  issued  and  outstanding.  None  of  the  options  are  exercisable  at  period  end.  Issue  costs  of  $nil  were
incurred with respect to the 2022 options issued under the stock option plan.

94

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
(thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

On  March  29,  2023  and  during  the  second  quarter  of  2023  the  Company  issued  28,292  and  435  options, 
respectively, under the stock option plan with a grant date fair value of C$71.64 per option and an exercise price 
of C$211.26 per option. As at December 31, 2023, 26,794 options remain issued and outstanding. None of the 
options are exercisable at period end. Issue costs of $nil were incurred with respect to the 2023 options issued 
under the stock option plan.

30. CHANGES IN NON-CASH OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL ITEMS

Accounts receivable

Inventory

Prepaid expenses

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Income taxes, net

For the years ended December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

(5,962)  $ 

2,288 

(5,153) 

29,946 

(2,047) 

$ 

19,072  $ 

(37,641) 

(11,649) 

(7,062) 

52,964 

1,865 

(1,523) 

95

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Boyd Group Services Inc. Board of Directors consists of ten members – two that are officers or retired officers of 
BGSI and eight that are independent Directors. The Independent Chair of the Board is David Brown. Boyd Group 
Services  Inc.  Board  of  Directors  has  established  three  standing  committees:  The  Corporate  Governance  and 
Sustainability Committee, The Audit Committee, and the People, Culture and Compensation Committee.

The Corporate Governance and Sustainability Committee is chaired by Sally Savoia and includes Robert Espey and 
William  Onuwa.  The  Audit  Committee  is  chaired  by  William  Onuwa  and  includes  John  Hartmann  and  Christine 
Feuell. The People, Culture and Compensation Committee is chaired by Violet Konkle and includes Robert Gross 
and John Hartman.

David Brown is an Executive Vice-President of Richardson Financial Group Limited and a Managing Director of 
RBM  Capital  Limited  (a  private  investment  firm).  He  was  previously  the  CEO  of  Richardson  Capital  Limited,  a 
private  equity  arm  of  James  Richardson  &  Sons,  Limited,  the  Corporate  Secretary  of  James  Richardson  &  Sons, 
Limited, and a partner in the independent law and accounting firm of Gray & Brown. Mr. Brown has considerable 
experience  in  private  equity  investment  and  management,  senior  management  and  in  advising  and  working  with 
family businesses in the areas of taxation, mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, corporate reorganizations, financings, 
management,  ownership  transitions  and  estate  planning.  Mr.  Brown  also  has  considerable  public  company 
experience. He currently serves as the Independent Chair of the Board of Boyd Group Services Inc. and serves as a 
director and Chair of the Audit Committee of Pollard Banknote Limited and a director of RF Capital Group Inc. He 
previously served on the Manitoba Hydro- Electric Board. He has served various Manitoba charities including acting 
as a director of the Misericordia Hospital and Pavilion Gallery Museum, Inc. and as Co-chair of Major Donors for 
the Children’s Hospital Foundation’s Capital Campaign. He is a graduate of  the University of Manitoba law school 
(gold medalist), and is a Chartered Professional Accountant. 

Brock Bulbuck served as Executive Chair of BGSI from 2020 to 2021. Prior to this role, Mr. Bulbuck served as 
Chief  Executive  Officer  from  2010  to  2020.  After  joining  Boyd  in  1993,  Mr.  Bulbuck  served  in  many  senior 
leadership roles and played a leading role in the overall development and growth of the business. Mr. Bulbuck also 
serves as Independent Board Chair of North West Company. He is also a past Chairperson of the Winnipeg Football 
Club  Board  of  Directors,  a  past  member  of  the  Canadian  Football  League  Board  of  Governors  and  a  current 
Director  of  Pan  Am  Clinic  Foundation.  Mr.  Bulbuck  has  a  Bachelor  of  Commerce  (Honors)  degree  from  the 
University of Manitoba and is a Chartered Professional Accountant.

Robert Espey was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer in 2011 of Parkland Corporation ("Parkland") 
and  has  successfully  led  the  transformation  of  Parkland  from  a  Western  Canadian  regional  independent  into  a 
leading  international  consolidator  of  convenience  retail  and  fuel  marketing  businesses  with  operations  in  25 
countries.  Under  Mr.  Espey's  leadership,  and  in  addition  to  network  of  over  4,000  retail  locations,  Parkland  is  a 
leader  in  manufacturing  low  carbon  fuels  and  is  rapidly  building  an  ultrafast  electric  vehicle  charging  network  to 
serve  growing  demand  in  select  markets.  Mr.  Espey  has  overseen  over  60  acquisitions,  including  of  Chevron 
Canada’s  convenience  retail  and  downstream  fuel  business,  the  Ultramar  retail  business  from  CST  brands,  the 
expansion  of  Parkland  into  the  U.S.,  and  in  January  2019  the  addition  of  the  Sol  which  expanded  Parkland’s 
operations into the Caribbean region. Previously, Mr. Espey served as Chief Operating Officer from 2010 to 2011, 
and Vice President, Retail Markets from 2008 to 2010. Prior to joining Parkland, Mr. Espey held a variety of senior 
management  roles  across  a  diverse  group  of  industry  sectors,  both  internationally  and  domestically,  including  as 
President and Chief Executive Officer of FisherCast Global Corporation. Mr. Espey holds a Bachelor of Engineering 
(Mechanical) from Royal Military College and a Masters in Business Administration from the University of Western 
Ontario. Mr. Espey is a senior advisor to Enzinc, an advanced developer of metal air battery technology, a member 
of the Board of Directors of Parkland Corporation and past Chair of the Canadian Fuels Association.

96

Christine Feuell has nearly 30 years of career experience transforming brands and business units to deliver strong 
customer  value  and  profitable  growth  in  the  automotive,  supply  chain  automation  and  building  technologies 
industries.  Ms.  Feuell’s  automotive  industry  experiences  include  OEMs  (Ford,  Stellantis)  and  Tier  1  Suppliers 
(Johnson Controls, Adient) in which she created and launched innovative products, technologies and services for the 
OEM and Aftermarket Channels. Since 2021, she has been serving as CEO, Chrysler Brand at Stellantis, a leading 
global  automotive  mobility  and  technology  leader,  where  she  is  transforming  the  Chrysler  brand  to  full-
electrification and delivering break-through seamlessly connected technologies and experiences. Prior to her role at 
Chrysler, Ms. Feuell was the Chief Commercial Officer at Honeywell, where she was responsible for creating and 
delivering advanced automation software and technology solutions for E-Commerce, Retail, Logistics, Health and 
Pharma industries. Ms. Feuell also serves as an Advisory Board Member for the Michigan State University Broad 
School of Business, Board Director for Friends of the Children Detroit Chapter Non-Profit, and is a champion for 
diversity  and  mentoring  programs  at  Stellantis,  Michigan  State  and  her  local  communities.  Ms.  Feuell  is  the 
Executive Sponsor for the Women of Stellantis and Diversibilities Business Resource Groups. 		

Robert  Gross  is  the  past  Executive  Chair  of  Monro,  Inc.,  the  largest  chain  of  company-operated  automotive 
undercar repair and tire service facilities in the United States. He served as CEO of Monro from 1999 until October 
2012 and as Executive Chair from October 2012 to August 2017. Prior to his time at Monro, he served as Chair and 
CEO at Tops Appliance City, Inc. and before that as President and COO at Eye Care Centers of America, Inc., a 
Sears, Roebuck & Co. company.  

John Hartmann is Chief Executive Officer of Ascend Wellness Holdings Inc., a U.S. publicly listed company with 
assets in seven states. Mr. Hartmann is the former President of buybuyBaby and COO of Bed Bath & Beyond from 
2020 to 2022. Previously, from 2013-2020, he was the President & Chief Executive Officer at True Value Company, 
a privately owned U.S. hardware wholesaler and manufacturer. Mr. Hartmann also led New Zealand-based Mitre 10 
as  Chief  Executive  Officer  from  2010  to  2013,  and  held  various  executive  positions  at  HD  Supply,  The  Home 
Depot,  and  Cardinal  Health.  Prior  to  his  corporate  career,  he  served  as  a  special  agent  of  the  Federal  Bureau  of 
Investigation.  Mr.  Hartmann  previously  served  on  the  Board  and  Audit  Committee  of  AmeriGas,  prior  to  UGI’s 
acquisition, and Board of HD Supply. In addition to serving on the Board of BGSI, Mr. Hartmann currently serves 
as  an  Independent  Director  of  Freedom  VCM  Holdings,  owners  of  The  Vitamin  Shoppe,  American  Freight,  Pet 
Supplies Plus, amongst others. 

Violet  Konkle  is  the  past  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  The  Brick  Ltd.  Prior  to  joining  The  Brick  in 
2010  as  President,  Business  Support,  she  held  a  number  of  positions  with  Walmart  Canada,  including  Chief 
Operating Officer and Chief Customer Officer. Ms. Konkle also held a number of senior executive positions with 
Loblaw Companies Ltd., including Executive Vice President, Atlantic Wholesale Division. Ms. Konkle is a director 
of  The  North  West  Company  Inc.  and  GFL  Environmental,  as  well  as  three  privately  held  companies  including 
Bailey Metal Products, Elswood Investment Corporation and Abarta. Ms. Konkle previously served on the Advisory 
Board of Longo’s Brothers Fruit Markets Inc., a privately held company. She is a past director of Dare Foods, The 
Brick  Ltd.,  Trans  Global  Insurance,  the  Canadian  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the  National  Board  of  Habitat  for 
Humanity.

Timothy O’Day is the President and CEO of BGSI. He joined Gerber Collision & Glass in February 1998. With 
Boyd Group’s acquisition of Gerber in 2004, he was appointed COO for Boyd’s U.S Operations. In 2008, he was 
appointed  President  and  COO  for  U.S.  Operations.  On  January  4,  2017,  Mr.  O’Day  was  appointed  President  and 
COO  of  Boyd  Group  Income  Fund,  and  on  January  2,  2020,  he  was  appointed  President  and  CEO  of  BGSI.  In 
addition, Mr. O’Day serves on the Board of Directors of RB Global, Inc. Earlier in his career, he was with Midas 
International,  where  he  was  elevated  to  Vice  President–Western  Division,  responsible  for  a  territory  that 
encompassed  500  Midas  locations.  Mr.  O’Day  also  served  on  the  I-CAR  Board  as  Immediate  Past  Chair  until 
August 2022 and served on the Board of the Collision Repair Education Foundation until March 2016. 

97

William Onuwa is currently EVP and Chief Audit Executive at Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”). Prior to this role, 
he was the SVP & Chief Risk Officer for Wealth Management, RBC Georgia and the Insurance Group. He held a 
number  of  executive  positions  for  GE  Capital  Corporation  in  both  the  U.S.  and  the  U.K.  before  joining  RBC  in 
2007. He holds a Doctorate degree from the University of Surrey, U.K. Mr. Onuwa was recently the Chair of two 
not-for-profit  boards,  Yonge  Street  Mission  and  Holland  Bloorview  Kids  Rehabilitation  Hospital,  and  had  also 
served on the subsidiary boards of various RBC insurance companies as a director from 2007 to 2016. Mr. Onuwa is 
currently a member of the board of governors at University of Guelph and sits on various committees as well.

Sally  Savoia  is  a  former  Vice  President  and  Chief  Human  Resource  Officer  for  Praxair  Inc.  Subsequent  to  her 
retirement in 2014, and until 2020, Ms. Savoia served as an independent corporate consultant. Ms. Savoia’s human 
resources  experience  includes  diversity  and  inclusion  efforts,  executive  compensation  design  and  implementation, 
executive level succession planning, global talent management, leadership development, and global benefits design.

98

CORPORATE DIRECTORY

COMPANY EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Timothy O’Day
President & Chief Executive Officer

Jeff Murray
Executive Vice President & Chief 
Financial Officer

Brian Kaner*
Executive Vice President & Chief 
Operating Officer, Boyd Group 
Collision

Creighton Warren*
Chief Information Officer

Jason Hope*
Vice President, Corporate 
Development and Strategic Projects

Kim Morin *
Vice President & Chief Human 
Resources Officer

John Wysseier *
Chief Operating Officer, Glass

*

*Officers of subsidiary companies only
———————————————————————————————————————
CORPORATE OFFICE

1745 Ellice Avenue, Unit C1  
 Telephone: (204) 895-1244
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 
  Fax: (204) 895-1283
R3H 1H9       
 Website: www.boydgroup.com
———————————————————————————————————————

For location information, please visit us at  www.boydgroup.com

99

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

BOYD GROUP SERVICES INC. SHARES AND EXCHANGE LISTING

Shares of BGSI are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol BYD.TO.

Registrar, Transfer Agents and 
Distribution Agents

Computershare Trust Company
8th Floor, 100 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario
M5J 2Y1

Legal Counsel

Auditors

Thompson Dorfman Sweatman LLP
1700-242 Hargrave Street 
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R3C 0V1

Deloitte LLP
2200 – 360 Main Street
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R3C 3Z3

Bank Syndicate Lead Member

Additional Bank Syndicate Members

The Toronto-Dominion Bank
TD North Tower
77 King Street West, 25th Floor
Toronto, Ontario
M5K 1A2

Bank of America N.A.
The Bank of Nova Scotia
National Bank of Canada
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce

———————————————————————————————————————

Annual General Meeting 
www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/BOYD2024
Wednesday, May 15, 2024
1:00 p.m. (CT)

100