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Brookfield Asset Management

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Industry Asset Management
Employees 1001-5000
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FY2022 Annual Report · Brookfield Asset Management
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2022

A N N U A L
R E P O R T

Brookfield Asset Management

C O N T E N T S

Brookfield at a Glance

Letter to Shareholders

Value Creation

Introduction and Use of Certain Terms

Forward-Looking Statements

Cautionary Statement Regarding the Use of Non-GAAP Measures

PART I

Item 1.

Item 2.

Item 3.

Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable 

Key Information

3.A

3.B

3.C

3.D

Reserved

Capitalization and Indebtedness

Reasons for the Offer and Use of Records

Risk Factors

Item 4.

Information on the Company

4.A

4.B

4.C

4.D

History and Development of the Company

Business Overview

Organizational Structure

Property, Plant and Equipment

Item 4a.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 5.

Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

5.A

5.B

5.C

Operating Results

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.

5.D 

Trend Information

5.E

Critical Accounting Estimates

Item 6.

Directors, Senior Management and Employees

6.A

6.B

6.C

6.D

6.E

6.F

Directors and Senior Management

Compensation

Board Practices

Employees

Share Ownership

Disclosure of a Registrant's Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded 
Compensation

Item 7.

Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

7.A Major Shareholders

7.B

7.C

Related Party Transactions

Interest of Experts and Counsel

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142

Item 8.

Financial Information

8.A

8.B

Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

Significant Changes

Item 9.

The Offer and Listing

9.A

9.B

Offer and Listing Details

Plan of Distribution

9.C Markets

9.D

Selling Shareholders

9.E

9.F

Dilution

Expenses of the Issue

Item 10.

Additional Information

10.A Share Capital

10.B Memorandum and Articles of Association

10.C Material Contracts

10.D Exchange Controls

10.E

Taxation

10.F Dividends and Paying Agents

10.G Statement of Experts

10.H Documents on Display

10.I

Subsidiary Information

Item 11.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 12.

Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

PART II

Item 13.

Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

Item 14.

Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

Item 15.

Controls and Procedures

Item 16.

Reserved

16.A Audit Committee Financial Expert

16.B Code of Ethics

16.C Principal Accountant Fees and Services

16.D Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committee

16.E

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

16.F Change in Registrant's Certifying Accountant

16.G Corporate Governance

16.H Mine Safety Disclosure

16.I

Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

PART III

Item 17.

Financial Statements

Item 18.

Financial Statements 

Item 19. 

Exhibits

Signature

Appendix A Audit Committee Charter

Index to Financial Statements

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143

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143

143

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A-1

F-1

B R O O K F I E L D
A T   A   G L A N C E

We are one of the largest and fastest growing alternative asset managers in the world. 

We manage nearly $800 billion of assets on behalf of more than 2,000 global institu-

tional clients. We have over 2,500 investment and asset management professionals 

investing in 30 countries across five continents supported by approximately 200,000 

operating employees. 

At the end of 2022, we completed the distribution and 

listing of a 25% interest in Brookfield Corporation’s 

asset management business, through Brookfield Asset 

Management Ltd., giving investors direct access to the 

asset management business on a pure-play basis for the 

first time. Our intention was to create a security that is 

simpler, more easily understood and better appreciated 

in the market. With substantially all our distributable 

earnings derived from stable and predictable fee-related 

earnings, strong five-year growth targets and an asset 

light balance sheet with no principal investments and no 

debt, the “new’” Brookfield Asset Management oper-

ates with industry leading metrics. At the same time, we 

thoughtfully structured the distribution in a way that will 

ensure our asset management business will retain the 

significant benefits of the broader Brookfield ecosystem.

While the stock is new in form, our market leadership, 

commitment to clients and investment approach remain 

unchanged. We draw on our 100+ year heritage as an owner 

and operator to invest for value and seek to generate strong 

returns for our clients across economic cycles. 

We invest in high-quality, essential assets and businesses 

that form the backbone of the global economy. Specifically, 

we focus on renewable power & transition, infrastructure, 

private equity, real estate, and credit. We believe that we 

are well-positioned to capture the significant opportunities 

ahead, many of which will be driven by large secular trends 

around decarbonization, deglobalization and digitalization. 

Oregon, U.S.

We invest in high-quality, 
essential assets and businesses 
that form the backbone 
of the global economy.

2 0 2 2   A N N U A L   R E P O R T

1

HOW WE IN VES T

The Brookfield Advantage 
We invest where we can bring our competitive 

advantages to bear, leveraging our deep operational 

expertise, global reach and access to large-scale, 

flexible capital.

Long-Life, High-Quality Assets 
and Businesses 
Leveraging our operating experience, we invest in 

key sectors across renewable power & transition, 

infrastructure, private equity, real estate, and credit.

Diverse Product Offering
We offer core, core-plus, value-add, opportunistic/ 

growth equity, secondaries, subordinated debt and 

credit strategies through closed-end and perpetual 

vehicles in both the public and private markets.

Disciplined Financing Approach 
We take a conservative approach to the use of 

leverage, ensuring that we can preserve capital 

across all business cycles.

Sustainability
We are committed to ensuring that the assets and 

businesses we invest in are set up for long-term 

success, and we seek to have a positive impact on 

the environment and the communities in which 

we operate.

NORTH AMERICA
$479B AUM

~72,000 

Operating Employees

SOUTH AMERICA
$50B AUM

~32,000  

Operating Employees

The  “Manager,”  the  “company,”  “we,”  “us”  or  “our”  refers  to 
Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.  together  with  our  asset 
management business and Oaktree (each as defined below). The 
“Corporation” refers to Brookfield Corporation (formerly known as 
Brookfield Asset Management Inc.) and its subsidiaries (including 
the perpetual affiliates (as defined below)). Additional discussion 
of the Corporation’s and the perpetual affiliates’ businesses and 
results can be found in their public filings.

GLOBAL REACH

~$800B

A SSE T S UNDER 

M A N AGEMENT

2
2

B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E N T
B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E NT

NYSE: BAM

TSX : BAM

EUROPE & 
MIDDLE EAST
$147B AUM

~46,000  

Operating Employees

ASIA PACIFIC
$114B AUM

~45,000  

Operating Employees

2,500+

30+

~200,000

IN V ES TMENT &   

COUNTRIES

OPER ATING   

EMPLOY EES

2 0 2 2   A N N U A L   R E P O R T

3

$418B

FEE- BE A RING 

C A PITA L

A SSE T M A N AGEMENT 

PROFESSION A L S 

I N V E S T M E N T
O V E R V I E W

Our disciplined, well-established approach to investing reflects our 100+ year history as 

an owner and operator. We focus on value creation and capital preservation, investing 

in high-quality assets and businesses within our areas of expertise. We then manage 

these assets and businesses proactively and finance them conservatively—with the goal 

of generating stable, inflation-linked, predictable and growing cash flows.

Brookfield’s investment activities are anchored by a set of core tenets that guide our 

decision-making and determine how we measure success:

OUR BUSINESS PRINCIPLES

OUR INVESTMENT APPROACH

1

2

3

4

5

Operate our business and conduct our 

relationships with integrity

•  Acquire high-quality assets and businesses

• 

Invest on a value basis, with the goal of growing 

cash flows and compounding capital

Attract and retain high-caliber individuals 

who will grow with us over the long term

•  Enhance the value of investments through our 

operating expertise

Ensure that our people think and act 

like owners in all their decisions

Treat our shareholders' capital 

like it’s our own

Embed strong ESG practices throughout 

our operations to help ensure that our 

business model is sustainable

•  Build sustainable cash flows to provide certainty, 

reduce risk and lower our cost of capital

•  Allocate the free cash flows we receive to 

enhance value for our shareholders

OUR PATHS TO SUCCESS

•  Evaluate total return on capital over the long term

•  Encourage calculated risks, measuring them 

against potential returns

•  Sacrifice short-term profit, if necessary, to achieve 

long-term capital appreciation

•  Seek profitability rather than growth—size does 

not necessarily add value

4
4

B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E N T
B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E NT

Germany

L E T T E R
T O   S H A R E H O L D E R S

OVERVIEW  (As of February 8, 2023)

While our asset management business has been 25 years 

of distributable earnings, and we have significant 

in the making, and we have been investing our own capital 

momentum that should enable our earnings to at least 

for over a century, this is the first letter for the ‘new’ 

double over the next five years.

Brookfield Asset Management, which now trades under 

the symbol “BAM”. While new in the form of a standalone 

public company, our long track record and growth as 

an asset manager provides continuity for this next phase 

of growth.

We raised a record $93 billion of capital last year, 

with several factors increasingly playing out in our 

favor — including our primary focus on value investing, 

secular tailwinds that continue to contribute positively 

Our long track record and 
growth as an asset manager 
provides continuity for this 
next phase of growth

to our market-leading businesses, and our deep 

2022 HIGHLIGHTS

global relationships. 

Our fundraising outlook remains strong. In 2023, we expect 

to have three flagship funds in the market, along with several 

$2.1B

complementary perpetual strategies and other long-term 

DISTRIBUTABLE EARNINGS

$4.0B 

FEE REVENUES

funds that will provide our clients with a full suite of 

investment alternatives. 

Our financial results for 2022 were excellent. Our distribut-

able earnings were $569 million for the quarter, or $0.35 

per share and $2.1 billion for the full year. Our dividend 

was set at $0.32 per share per quarter, with the first 

payment to be paid at the end of March. Going forward, 

we expect our dividends to increase at a compound annual 

growth rate of 15-20%, in line with our expected growth in 

fee-related earnings.

It is worth noting that our franchise, while large, is 

growing faster today than ever before. We currently 

generate $4 billion of annualized fees and over $2 billion 

6

B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E NT

WELCOME TO THE 'NEW' BAM – OUR PURE-PLAY ASSET MANAGER

Our asset management business is currently one of the 

largest and fastest growing alternative asset managers 

globally, with operations spanning more than 30 coun-

tries on five continents. We have more than 2,000 

investment and asset management professionals who 

employ a disciplined investment approach to create 

value and deliver strong risk-adjusted returns to clients 

We leverage our deep  
operational expertise to  
create value

across a diverse set of public and private fund offerings.

Our Asset Classes Are In Favor

The business has grown from its infancy 25 years ago to 

Infrastructure is experiencing a multi-year secular shift 

approximately $800 billion of assets under management 

towards increased demand for large-scale, long-term 

today, and deep relationships with more than 2,000 clients. 

assets that serve as critical components of the built economy. 

We are fortunate that this includes most of the largest 

Similarly, and more recently, burgeoning investor appetite 

global institutional investors. 

Our Strategy Is Distinct

The outlook for our business remains very strong, due largely 

to the following components of our differentiated strategy:

for clean energy and transition investment mandates have 

powered the rapid rise of—and demand for—net-zero 

and energy transition investments. Within real estate, 

investors are starting to allocate capital to opportunistic 

strategies that are benefiting from value investments that 

are the result of liquidity issues created by market 

disruption. Within the credit space, flows remain strong 

•  We invest in the backbone of the global economy.

and we are well positioned to benefit from the ongoing 

•  We leverage our deep operational expertise to  

market volatility and uncertainty. 

create value. 

•  Our scale and track record over a long period of time 

means that we are a beneficiary of the capital that is 

increasingly gravitating to the largest, multi-asset class 

managers in a period of industry consolidation.

•  Our business is positioned around the leading secular 

Given this backdrop, we are seeing increased demand for 

real assets, and particularly essential assets with low 

volatility, enhanced appreciation potential, and highly 

stable, contracted returns. A substantial portion of real assets 

benefit from inflation protection and pass-through contracts.

global drivers of capital across renewable power and 

In addition, as market volatility and more challenging 

transition, infrastructure, real estate, and credit.

economic conditions continue, we expect the preeminence 

•  We are highly diversified. This enables the business to 

grow, and to deploy capital through economic 

cycles—with our credit, private equity, and real estate 

businesses each specializing in finding investment 

opportunities in markets like we are seeing today.

of Oaktree to come to the fore. Having one of the most 

sophisticated credit managers as part of the franchise 

diversifies our business, makes us better investors, and 

ensures that we can raise and successfully deploy capital 

at all points in an economic cycle.

•  We pride ourselves both on providing the highest level 

Our asset management business is the beneficiary of 

of service to our clients and constantly innovating to 

meet their needs.

synergies across the broader Brookfield Ecosystem. With 

the tightening of markets and scarcity of capital, we have 

•  Across Brookfield, we have $175 billion of our own 

the benefit of access to significant perpetual capital from 

discretionary permanent capital to invest in, and with, 

Brookfield Corporation and large-scale, flexible capital 

our funds. This is one of the benefits of our structure 

from its insurance solutions business.

and is unrivaled in the industry.

2 0 2 2   A N N U A L   R E P O R T

7

Listing From Strength Is Best

•  We will return the vast majority of our cash flows to 

shareholders via dividends—and when it makes sense, 

With a strong business backdrop, we designed the BAM 

stock buybacks.  

security to provide investors with direct exposure to our 

asset management business. Our security has the 

following attributes:  

•  Our asset-light balance sheet is exceptionally strong, 

with no debt and cash and financial assets of $3 billion. 

Overall, the combination of these characteristics generates 

•  The cash flow stream is extremely resilient. Most of our 

an excellent long-term investment, which should provide 

$418 billion of fee-bearing capital is invested in long-term 

private funds that have perpetual, or 10+ year lives.  

us with added optionality for acquisitions, should the 

right opportunity present itself.

•  Distributable earnings are almost entirely made up of 

our stable and annuity-like fee-related earnings, 

making our earnings simple to understand, stable, 

and easy to predict. 

OPERATING RESULTS

Fee-related earnings for the last twelve-month period 

We continue to see growth and activity across our 

increased by 26% to $2.1 billion, excluding the impact of 

flagship funds. During the quarter, we held additional 

performance fees recognized in the prior year. This was 

closes for our fifth flagship infrastructure fund and our 

supported by 15% growth in fee-bearing capital, which 

sixth flagship private equity fund, which to date have 

reached $418 billion by the end of the year. Distributable 

raised $22 billion and $9 billion, respectively. We 

earnings were $569 million in the quarter and $2.1 billion 

continue to find investment opportunities for our 

for the year. Our financial results benefited from our 

transition fund and have now invested or committed 

largest fundraising year ever, which included total capital 

over 50% of this $15 billion strategy. With a robust 

raised of $93 billion—largely driven by significant flagship 

investment pipeline, we expect to launch the next 

fund capital raises, along with our growing suite of 

vintage of this fund this year. 

complementary strategies. 

Our fourth real estate flagship fund is materially invested 

or committed, and we recently launched fundraising 

efforts for the next vintage. We believe we are entering a 

period of significant activity that will provide us opportu-

nities to invest in some great assets and businesses for 

excellent value. We are also fundraising for the next 

vintage of our opportunistic credit fund; the momentum 

for this strategy is strong given the current macro 

environment. In our perpetual funds, we raised $12 bil-

lion for these strategies in 2022, with a number of new 

products coming to market. 

This past year we invested $73 billion and monetized 

$34 billion of investments. We ended the year with over 

$90 billion of deployable capital and this should grow 

as we continue to raise capital across flagship funds 

and other strategies. For clarity, this excludes all the 

capital that Brookfield Corporation holds and could 

deploy with us. 

Alberta, Canada

8

B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E NT

OUR INVESTMENT STRATEGIES ARE FOCUSED ON THE FOLLOWING THEMES: 

Infrastructure

We are still in the early 

Transition and 
Renewables 

Direct Lending 

Direct lending by groups like 

stages of the build-out of 

The continued buildout of 

us continue to expand.

the infrastructure backbone 

this business is benefiting 

of the global economy, 

from the global imperative 

which is a vast opportunity 

to decarbonize.

for decades to come.

Our Perpetual Capital Is Very Valuable

We believe the quality and nature of our perpetual 

One of the most important attributes of our business is 

that 83% of our fee-bearing capital, which generates over 

capital is a true differentiator of our business, and falls 

into the following four categories:

90% of our fee streams, is either very long-term or perpetual 

• 

First, and arguably the most unique component, is 

in nature. In addition to the strategic benefits that come 

with having this amount of perpetual capital backing the 

business, our cash flow profile is incredibly consistent, 

resilient and permanent as a result.

Our long-term capital is in the form of commitments to 

our private funds from predominantly institutional clients, 

which have a typical life of 10-12 years. We have a proven 

track record of growing these strategies that is backed by 

the permanent capital we manage on behalf of the 

Brookfield listed entities (BIP, BEP and BBU). These 

entities, which have a combined capitalization of 

almost $60 billion, are all dual-listed NYSE and TSX 

companies, and are truly perpetual. They provide 

investors with daily liquidity, however our capital 

base is not subject to redemptions. The trend of 

value and capitalization is positive, with an annual 

growth rate of 12% over the last 10 years. 

the returns we have been able to deliver to our clients. 

•  Second, we manage a portfolio of real estate on behalf 

The revenues are stable and have grown at a 24% CAGR 

over the last 10 years.

Permanent capital vehicles and perpetual strategies make 

up close to 50% of our overall cash flows—and importantly, 

these are not subject to any potential pressure of 

redemptions or capital outflows. 

Our cash flow profile is  
incredibly consistent,  
resilient and permanent

of Brookfield Corporation. This is a portfolio that is 

invested across a highly diversified, high-quality portfolio 

of assets in the best locations around the world. 

•  Third, we manage a pool of insurance capital that is 

backstopped by long-dated liabilities and an equity 

value invested by Brookfield Corporation of $8 billion. 

There is no maturity to this mandate, and as a core 

strategic business to Brookfield, we expect this capital 

to only increase over time. 

•  And lastly, we have perpetual core and core plus private 

funds predominantly in real estate and infrastructure for 

primarily institutional investors with longer-term 

investment horizons.

2 0 2 2   A N N U A L   R E P O R T

9

CLOSING

We remain committed to being a world-class asset manager, and to investing capital for you and the rest of our 

investment partners in high-quality assets that earn solid returns, while emphasizing downside protection. The primary 

objective of the company continues to be to generate increasing cash flows on a per-share basis, and to distribute that 

cash to you by dividend or share repurchases.

Sincerely,

Bruce Flatt 

Chief Executive Officer 

February 8, 2023

Connor Teskey 

President 

10

B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E NT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VAL UE 
CREAT ION

We create shareholder value by increasing fee-bearing capital, which increases our 

fee-related earnings. Alternative asset management businesses such as ours are 

typically valued based on multiples of their fee-related earnings.

POSI TI O NED F O R G RO W TH

We believe our business is well-positioned to continue delivering attractive growth in fee-bearing capital  

for three key reasons:

1

2

3

Alternative assets under management are increasing globally.  

As institutional investors have better understood the benefits of alternative assets, they have 

increasingly allocated more capital toward alternative assets and this trend is expected to 

continue. As one of the largest and most experienced alternative asset managers, we will 

utilize our competitive advantages and strong, existing relationships to expand our products, 

bring in new clients and scale our strategies to grow our fee-bearing capital

Our business is positioned to benefit from large secular tailwinds.  

Large global paradigm shifts around decarbonization and deglobalization will directly benefit 

our market-leading positions in infrastructure, and renewable power & transition. In addition, 

as one of the pre-eminent global credit asset managers, Oaktree will benefit from the growing 

demand for private credit. Our credit, real estate and private equity businesses each specialize 

in finding investment opportunities in markets like we are seeing today.

Superior performance drives future capital flows.  

We’ve built our asset management business over the past 25 years by delivering on a promise 

to our clients of being reliable stewards of their capital. We have a long track record through 

multiple business cycles of generating strong returns across all our businesses. This 

reputation is what enables us to continue our growth.

11

B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E NT

GROWTH  IN  FE E-B EARIN G CAP ITA L
($ IN BILLIONS)

OVER 200%

$418

$364

$290

$312

$138

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

SUP ERI O R IN V EST M ENT  PERFOR MA NC E

AS OF DECEMBER. 31, 2022

(IN $ MILLIONS)

FUND1

FUND HISTORY

VINTAGE

GROSS IRR

NET IRR

INFRASTRUCTURE

12 years

RENEWABLE POWER & TRANSITION2

12 years

PRIVATE EQUITY

REAL ESTATE

CREDIT

21 years

16 years

34 years

5

5

6

7

16

15%

13%

28%

24%

22%

12%

10%

22%

20%

16%

1.  Reflects performance of flagship funds and similar strategies.

2.  Renewable power & transition represents composite performance for renewable power assets held within the BIF funds and BGTF.

2 0 2 2   A N N U A L   R E P O R T

1 2

INTRODUCTION AND USE OF CERTAIN TERMS

Unless  otherwise  specified,  information  provided  in  this  annual  report  on  Form  20-F  (this  “Form  20-F”)  is  as  of 
December 31, 2022. Unless the context requires otherwise, when used in this Form 20-F, the terms “we”, “us”, “our” 
means the Manager together with our asset management business and Oaktree, where applicable (each as defined below), 
and the term “Corporation” means Brookfield Corporation (formerly known as Brookfield Asset Management Inc.) and 
its  subsidiaries  (including  the  perpetual  affiliates  (as  defined  below))  other  than  the  Asset  Management  Company  (as 
defined below) and its subsidiaries and does not, for greater certainty, include the Manager, Brookfield Reinsurance (as 
defined  below),  the  Oaktree  Business  (as  defined  below).  The  term  "Brookfield"  means  the  Corporation  and  the 
Manager, collectively.

Unless the context suggests otherwise, references to:

“2022 MSOP” means the 2022 Management Share Option Plan of the Manager adopted on December 9, 2022;

“2022 Non-Qualified MSOP” means the 2022 Non-Qualified Management Share Option Plan of the Manager 
adopted on December 9, 2022; 

“2022  Trust  Agreement”  means  the  agreement  dated  December  9,  2022  among  the  Manager,  BAM 
Partnership and Computershare Trust Company of Canada relating to the Class B Shares, as further described 
under Item 10.B “Memorandum and Articles of Association — Class A Shares and Class B Shares — Other 
Provisions”;

“ABC Program” means Anti-Bribery and Corruption Program;

“Affiliate  Relationship  Agreements”  has  the  meaning  ascribed  thereto  under  Item  7.B  “Related  Party 
Transactions — Governance and Management of Perpetual Affiliates”;

“Arrangement” means the court approved plan of arrangement of the Corporation as a result of which (i) the 
shareholders  of  the  Corporation,  while  retaining  their  shares  of  the  Corporation,  became  shareholders  of  the 
Manager, which acquired a 25% interest in our asset management business through common shares of the Asset 
Management Company, and (ii) the Corporation changed its name from “Brookfield Asset Management Inc.” to 
“Brookfield Corporation”;

“Arrangement  Agreement”  means  the  agreement  dated  September  23,  2022  among  the  Corporation,  the 
Manager,  the  Asset  Management  Company  and  2451634  Alberta  Inc.  providing  for  the  terms  of  the 
Arrangement and certain customary covenants;

“Articles” means the notice of articles and articles of the Manager;

“Asset Management Company” means Brookfield Asset Management ULC;

“Asset  Management  Services  Agreement”  or  "AMSA"  means  the  agreement  dated  November  8,  2022 
between  the  Manager  and  the  Asset  Management  Company  to  govern  the  provision  of  services  by  the 
Manager’s  employees  to  the  Asset  Management  Company  on  a  cost  recovery  basis  under  a  perpetual 
agreement, as further described under Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions — Asset Management Services”;

“assets  under  management”  or  “AUM”  has  the  meaning  ascribed  thereto  under  Item  5  “Operating  and 
Financial Review and Prospects – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results 
of Operations – Key Financial and Operating Measures”;

“Audit  Committee”  means  the  audit  committee  of  our  board,  as  further  described  under  Item  6.C  “Board 
Practices — Committees of the Board — Audit Committee”;

“Audit and Governance Committees” means, collectively, the Audit Committee and the Governance, 
Nominating and Compensation Committee;

“BAM Partnership” means BAM Partners Trust, the trust that holds the Class B Shares and that also holds the 
Corporation Class B Shares;

“BBU” means Brookfield Business Partners L.P., together with its subsidiaries including its paired corporation, 
Brookfield Business Corporation;

“BCBCA” means the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia);

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“BEP”  means  Brookfield  Renewable  Partners  L.P.,  together  with  its  subsidiaries  including  its  paired 
corporation, Brookfield Renewable Corporation;

“BIP”  means  Brookfield  Infrastructure  Partners  L.P.,  together  with  its  subsidiaries  including  its  paired 
corporation, Brookfield Infrastructure Corporation;

“Board” means the board of directors of the Manager;

“BPG”  means  Brookfield  Property  Group,  including  BPY  and  the  Corporation’s  wholly  owned  real  estate 
directly held entities;

“BPY” means Brookfield Property Partners L.P., together with its subsidiaries;

“Brookfield  Reinsurance”  means  Brookfield  Reinsurance  Ltd.  (formerly  known  as  Brookfield  Asset 
Management Reinsurance Partners Ltd.);

“Class  A  Preference  Shares”  means  the  class  A  preference  shares,  issuable  in  series,  in  the  capital  of  the 
Manager;

“Class A Shares” means the class A limited voting shares in the capital of the Manager;

“Class B Shares” means the class B limited voting shares in the capital of the Manager;

“Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;

“Code of Conduct” means the code of business conduct and ethics of the Manager;

“Corporation” means Brookfield Corporation (formerly known as Brookfield Asset Management Inc.) and its 
subsidiaries (including the perpetual affiliates) other than the Asset Management Company and its subsidiaries 
and does not, for greater certainty, include the Manager, Brookfield Reinsurance or the Oaktree Business;

“Corporation Class A Shares” means the class A limited voting shares of the Corporation;

“Corporation Class B Shares” means the class B limited voting shares of the Corporation;

“CRA” means the Canada Revenue Agency;

“Distributable  Earnings”  is  intended  to  represent  the  cash  available  for  distribution  to  shareholders  or  to  be 
reinvested  by  the  Manager  or  the  Asset  Management  Company,  as  applicable.  Distributable  Earnings  of  the 
Manager represent its share of Distributable Earnings from the Asset Management Company less general and 
administrative  expenses,  but  excluding  equity-based  compensation  costs,  of  the  Manager.  Distributable 
Earnings  of  the  Asset  Management  Company  is  calculated  as  the  sum  of  its  Fee-Related  Earnings,  realized 
carried  interest,  realized  principal  investments,  interest  expense,  and  general  and  administrative  expenses; 
excluding  equity-based  compensation  costs  and  depreciation  and  amortization.  For  a  discussion  of  the 
Manager’s  and  our  asset  management  business’  calculation  of  Distributable  Earnings,  see  Item  5  “Operating 
and  Financial  Review  and  Prospects  –  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and 
Results of Operations – Key Financial and Operating Measures”;

“DTC” means the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation;

“EDGAR” means the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system at www.sec.gov;

“Escrowed Stock Plan” means the Escrowed Stock Plan of the Manager adopted on December 9, 2022;

“ESG” means environment, social and governance;

“Fee-Bearing  Capital”  has  the  meaning  ascribed  thereto  under  Item  5  “Operating  and  Financial  Review  and 
Prospects  –  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  –  Key 
Financial and Operating Measures”;

“Fee Revenues” has the meaning ascribed thereto under Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects 
– Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Key Financial and 
Operating Measures”;

14                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

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“Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation  Committee”  means  the  governance,  nominating  and 
compensation committee of the Board, as further described under Item 6.C “Board Practices — Committees of 
the Board — Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee”;

“Investment Company Act” means the United States Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;

“IRS” means the United States Internal Revenue Service;

“JOBS Act” means the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012;

“LIBOR” means the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate;

“managed  assets”  means  the  businesses,  operations  and  other  assets  managed  by  the  Corporation  prior  to 
completion  of  the  Arrangement  and  to  be  managed  by  the  Manager  and  our  asset  management  business 
following completion of the Arrangement;

“Manager” means Brookfield Asset Management Ltd.;

“Manager Credit Facility” means the credit agreement dated November 8, 2022 between the Manager and the 
Asset  Management  Company,  pursuant  to  which  the  Asset  Management  Company  is  providing  a  five-year 
revolving  $500  million  credit  facility  to  the  Manager,  as  further  described  under  Item  7.B  “Related  Party 
Transactions — Credit Facilities — Manager Credit Facility”;

“Master Services Agreements” has the meaning ascribed thereto under Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions 
— Governance and Management of Perpetual Affiliates — Master Services Agreements”;

“MI  61-101”  means  Multilateral  Instrument  61-101  –  Protection  of  Minority  Security  Holders  in  Special 
Transactions;

“NYSE” means the New York Stock Exchange;

“Oaktree”  means  collectively  Oaktree  Capital  II,  L.P.,  Oaktree  Capital  Management,  L.P.,  Oaktree  AIF 
Investments,  L.P.,  Oaktree  Capital  Management  (Cayman)  L.P.  and  Oaktree  Investment  Holdings,  L.P.  and 
their consolidated subsidiaries;

“Oaktree Business” means the business operated by and through Oaktree Capital Group, LLC, Oaktree and the  
other affiliated operating entities in which Brookfield owns an interest;

“our asset management business” means the global alternative asset management business previously carried 
on by the Corporation and its subsidiaries, which, following completion of the Arrangement, is owned 75% by 
the Corporation and 25% by the Manager through their ownership of common shares of the Asset Management 
Company;

“Partner” has the meaning ascribed thereto under Item 7.A “Major Shareholders”;

“perpetual affiliates” means BEP, BIP, BBU and BPY;

“PFIC” means a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

“Pre-Arrangement  Reorganization”  means  the  preliminary  transactions  to  reorganize  the  business  of 
Brookfield Corporation (formerly known as Brookfield Asset Management Inc.) that have been undertaken to 
facilitate the Arrangement;

“Relationship  Agreement”  means  the  agreement  dated  November  8,  2022  among  the  Corporation,  the 
Manager  and  the  Asset  Management  Company  to  govern  aspects  of  their  relationship  following  the 
Arrangement, as further described under Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions — Relationship Agreement”;

“Resident  Holder”  has  the  meaning  ascribed  thereto  under  Item  10.E  “Certain  Material  Canadian  Federal 
Income Tax Considerations”;

“Restricted Stock Plan” means the Restricted Stock Plan of the Manager adopted on December 9, 2022;

“Sarbanes-Oxley  Act”  or  “Sarbanes-Oxley”  means  the  United  States  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  of  2002,  as 
amended;

“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission;

FORM 20-F                 15

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“SEDAR” means the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval at www.sedar.com;

“Service  Providers”  has  the  meaning  ascribed  thereto  under  Item  7.B  “Related  Party  Transactions  — 
Governance and Management of Perpetual Affiliates”;

“Service  Recipients”  has  the  meaning  ascribed  thereto  under  Item  7.B  “Related  Party  Transactions  — 
Governance and Management of Perpetual Affiliates — Affiliate Relationship Agreements”;

“SOFR” means the Secured Overnight Financing Rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (or 
a successor administrator);

“Special  Distribution”  means  the  special  dividend  or  distribution  of  Class  A  Shares  to  holders  of  Class  A 
exchangeable limited voting shares and Class B limited voting shares of Brookfield Reinsurance;

“Special Limited Voting Shares” means the special shares, series 1, in the capital of the Manager;

“Tax Act” means the Income Tax Act (Canada);

“Tax Matters Agreement” means the agreement dated December 8, 2022 among the Corporation, the Manager 
and  the  Asset  Management  Company  described  under  Item  7.B  “Related  Party  Transactions  —  Tax  Matters 
Agreement”;

“Tracking Shares” has the meaning ascribed thereto under Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions — Sharing of 
Carried Interest and Other Distributions”;

“Trademark  Sublicense  Agreement”  means  the  Trademark  Sublicense  Agreement  dated  December  9,  2022 
between the Manager and the Corporation to which the Manager obtains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to 
use  the  name  “Brookfield”  and  the  “Brookfield”  logo,  as  further  described  under  Item  7.B  “Related  Party 
Transactions — Trademark Sublicense Agreement”;

“Transitional Services Agreement” means the agreement dated November 8, 2022 among the Corporation, the 
Manager  and  the  Asset  Management  Company  described  under  Item  7.B  “Related  Party  Transactions  — 
Services Agreements — Transitional Services Agreement”;

“Treasury  Regulations”  has  the  meaning  ascribed  thereto  under  Item  10.E  “Certain  Material  United  States 
Federal Income Tax Considerations”;

“TSX” means the Toronto Stock Exchange;

“U.K.” or “United Kingdom” means the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

"U.S." or "United States" means the United States of America;

"USD" or "U.S. dollars" means the currency of the United States of America, as further described under "Forward-
Looking Statements - Financial Information";

“U.S.  Exchange  Act”  or  "Exchange  Act"  means  the  United  States  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as 
amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated from time to time thereunder;

“U.S. GAAP” means the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America;

“U.S.  Holder”  has  the  meaning  ascribed  thereto  under  Item  10.E  “Certain  Material  United  States  Federal 
Income Tax Considerations”;

“U.S.  Securities  Act”  means  the  United  States  Securities  Act  of  1933,  as  amended,  and  the  rules  and 
regulations promulgated from time to time thereunder; and 

“Voting Agreement” means the agreement dated December 9, 2022 between the Corporation and the Manager 
providing for the election of directors of the Asset Management Company, as further described under Item 7.B 
“Related Party Transactions — Ownership and Governance of Our Asset Management Business”.

16                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In  addition  to  historical  information,  this  Form  20-F  contains  “forward-looking  statements”  within  the  meaning  of 
applicable  U.S.  securities  laws,  including  the  United  States  Private  Securities  Litigation  Reform  Act  of  1995,  and 
“forward-looking  information”  within  the  meaning  of  Canadian  securities  laws  (collectively,  “forward-looking 
information”). Forward-looking information may relate to our outlook and anticipated events or results and may include 
information  regarding  the  financial  position,  business  strategy,  growth  strategy,  budgets,  operations,  financial  results, 
taxes,  dividends,  distributions,  plans  and  objectives  of  our  business.  Particularly,  information  regarding  future  results, 
performance, achievements, prospects or opportunities of the Manager, our asset management business or the Canadian, 
U.S.  or  international  markets  is  forward-looking  information.  In  some  cases,  forward-looking  information  can  be 
identified  by  the  use  of  forward-looking  terminology  such  as  “plans”,  “targets”,  “expects”  or  “does  not  expect”,  “is 
expected”, “an opportunity exists”, “budget”, “scheduled”, “estimates”, “forecasts”, “intends”, “anticipates” or “does not 
anticipate” or “believes”, or variations of such words and phrases or state that certain actions, events or results “may”, 
“could”, “would”, “might”, “will” or “will be taken”, “occur” or “be achieved”.

Our  forward-looking  statements  are  based  on  our  beliefs,  assumptions  and  expectations  of  future  performance,  taking 
into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result 
of  many  possible  events  or  factors,  not  all  of  which  are  known  to  us  or  within  our  control.  If  a  change  occurs,  our 
business,  financial  condition,  liquidity  and  results  of  operations  may  vary  materially  from  those  expressed  in  our 
forward-looking statements. Several factors, including those described in this Form 20-F under Item 3.D “Risk Factors”, 
Item 4.B “Business Overview” and Item 5.A “Operating Results”, among others, could cause our actual results to vary 
from our forward-looking statements.  These factors include:

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the Manager’s lack of independent means of generating revenue;

the Manager’s material assets consisting solely of its interest in the Asset Management Company;

challenges relating to maintaining our relationship with the Corporation and potential conflicts of interest;

the Manager being a newly formed company;

our liability for our asset management business;

our  ability  to  maintain  the  Manager’s  excepted  status  as  a  “foreign  private  issuer”  and  an  “emerging  growth 
company” under U.S. federal securities laws;

the difficulty for investors to effect service of process and enforce judgments in the United States, Canada and/
or other applicable jurisdictions;

the impact on growth in Fee-Bearing Capital of poor product development or marketing efforts;

our ability to maintain our global reputation;

volatility in the trading price of the Class A Shares;

being subjected to numerous laws, rules and regulatory requirements;

the potential ineffectiveness of our policies to prevent violations of applicable law;

• meeting our financial obligations due to our cash flow from our asset management business;

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foreign currency risk and exchange rate fluctuations;

requirement of temporary investments and backstop commitments to support our asset management business;

rising interest rates;

revenues impacted by a decline in the size or pace of investments made by our managed assets;

our earnings growth can vary, which may affect our dividend and the trading price of the Class A Shares;

exposed risk due to increased amount and type of investment products in our managed assets;

difficulty in maintaining our culture;

political instability or changes in government;

FORM 20-F                 17

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unfavourable economic conditions or changes in the industries in which we operate;

catastrophic events and COVID-19;

deficiencies in public company financial reporting and disclosures;

ineffective management of ESG considerations;

failure of our information and technology systems;

the threat of litigation;

losses not covered by insurance;

inability to collect on amounts owing to us;

information barriers that may give rise to conflicts and risks;

risks related to our renewable power and transition, infrastructure, private equity and real estate strategies;

risks relating to Canadian and United States taxation laws; and

other  factors  described  in  this  Form  20-F,  including  those  set  forth  under  Item  3.D  “Risk  Factors”,  Item  4.B 
“Business Overview” and Item 5.A “Operating Results”.

We caution that the factors that may affect future results described in this Form 20-F are not exhaustive. The forward-
looking statements represent our views as of the date of this Form 20-F and should not be relied upon as representing our 
views  as  of  any  date  subsequent  to  the  date  of  this  Form  20-F.  While  we  anticipate  that  subsequent  events  and 
developments  may  cause  our  views  to  change,  we  disclaim  any  obligation  to  update  the  forward-looking  statements, 
other than as required by applicable law. For further information on these known and unknown risks, please see Item 3.D 
“Risk Factors”.

These statements and other forward-looking information are based on opinions, assumptions and estimates made by us in 
light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well 
as other factors that we believe are appropriate and reasonable in the circumstances, but there can be no assurance that 
such  estimates  and  assumptions  will  prove  to  be  correct.  Accordingly,  readers  should  not  place  undue  reliance  on 
forward-looking information. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking information contained herein, except 
as required by applicable securities laws.

In addition to carefully considering the disclosure made in this Form 20-F, you should carefully consider the disclosure 
made by the Corporation in its continuous disclosure filings. Copies of the Corporation’s continuous disclosure filings 
are available electronically on EDGAR on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

Historical Performance and Market Data

This Form 20-F contains information relating to our business as well as historical performance and market data. When 
considering this data, you should bear in mind that historical results and market data may not be indicative of the future 
results that you should expect from us.

Financial Information

The financial information contained in this Form 20-F is presented in U.S. dollars and, unless otherwise indicated, has 
been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. All figures are unaudited unless otherwise indicated. In this Form 20-F, 
all references to “$” are to USD. Canadian dollars are identified as “C$”. 

18                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING THE USE OF NON-GAAP MEASURES

The Manager and the Asset Management Company prepare their financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. 
This Form 20-F discloses a number of non-GAAP financial and supplemental financial measures which are utilized in 
monitoring the Manager and our asset management business, including for performance measurement, capital allocation 
and  valuation  purposes.  The  Manager  believes  that  providing  these  performance  measures  is  helpful  to  investors  in 
assessing the overall performance of our asset management business. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be 
considered  as  the  sole  measure  of  the  Manager’s  or  our  asset  management  business’  performance  and  should  not  be 
considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, similar financial measures calculated in conformity with U.S. GAAP. 
Non-GAAP  measures  include  Distributable  Earnings,  Fee  Revenues  and  Fee-Related  Earnings.  These  non-GAAP 
measures are not standardized financial measures and may not be comparable to similar financial measures used by other 
issuers.  Supplemental  financial  measures  include  AUM,  Fee-Bearing  Capital  and  uncalled  fund  commitments.  The 
Manager  includes  the  asset  management  activities  of  Oaktree,  an  equity  accounted  affiliate,  in  its  key  financial  and 
operating measures for the asset management business. 

For further details regarding the use of non-GAAP measures, please see page 81 on the “Non-GAAP Measures” section 
in Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”.

FORM 20-F                 19

PART I

ITEM 1. 

IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. 

OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. 

KEY INFORMATION

3.A 

RESERVED

3.B 

CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS

Not applicable.

3.C 

REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

3.D 

RISK FACTORS

The following summarizes some, but not all, of the risks provided below. Please carefully consider all of the information 
discussed further below in this Item 3.D “Risk Factors” in this Form 20-F for a more thorough description of these and 
other risks.

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Risks relating to the Manager, including risks relating to:

the  material  assets  of  the  Manager  consisting  solely  of  its  25%  interest  in  the  common  shares  of  the  Asset 
Management Company;

actions  by  the  Corporation  that  could  adversely  affect  our  business  and  financial  condition  or  give  rise  to 
conflicts of interest;

the Manager being a newly formed company;

our liability for the debts and liabilities of our asset management business;

the  Manager’s  expected  status  as  a  “foreign  private  issuer”  and  an  “emerging  growth  company”  under  U.S. 
federal securities laws; and

difficulty  for  investors  to  effect  service  of  process  and  enforce  judgments  against  us,  our  directors  and  our 
executive officers in the United States and Canada.

Risks relating to our business, including risks relating to:

growth in Fee-Bearing Capital being adversely impacted by poor product development or marketing efforts and 
investment  returns  being  lower  than  target  returns  due  to  inappropriate  allocation  of  capital  or  ineffective 
investment management;

actions  or  conduct  that  have  a  negative  impact  on  investors’  or  stakeholders’  perception  of  us  adversely 
impacting our ability to attract and/or retain investor capital and generate fee revenue;

the trading price of the Class A Shares being subject to volatility;

the  impact  on  our  business,  including  financial  penalties,  loss  of  business  and/or  damage  to  our  reputation 
resulting from instances of non-compliance with numerous laws, rules and regulatory requirements to which we 
are subject;

governmental  investigations  resulting  from  instances  of  violations  of  our  policies  and  procedures  designed  to 
ensure  compliance  by  us  and  our  managed  assets  with  applicable  laws,  including  anti-bribery  and  corruption 
laws;

20                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

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our cash flow, all of which comes from our asset management business;

acquisitions;

foreign exchange rate fluctuations;

our ability to syndicate, assign or transfer temporary investments and backstop commitments with respect to our 
business and managed assets;

rising interest rates increasing our interest cost and adversely affecting our financial performance;

our  revenues  being  adversely  affected  by  a  decline  in  the  size  or  pace  of  investments  made  by  our  managed 
assets;

our revenue, earnings, net income and cash flow materially varying from quarter to quarter, which may affect 
our earnings growth and dividend on a quarterly basis and affect the trading price of the Class A Shares;

our  access  to  retail  investors  and  selling  retail  directed  products  in  numerous  jurisdictions  opening  us  up  to 
potential litigation and regulatory enforcement risk;

the ineffective maintenance of our culture or ineffective management of human capital adversely impacting our 
business and financial performance;

political instability, changes in government policy or unfamiliar cultural factors adversely impacting the value 
of our investments;

unfavourable  economic  conditions  or  changes  in  the  industries  in  which  we  operate  adversely  impacting  our 
financial performance;

catastrophic  events  (or  combination  of  events),  such  as  earthquakes,  tornadoes,  floods,  fires,  pandemics/
epidemics such as COVID-19, climate change, military conflict/war or terrorism/ sabotage, adversely impacting 
our financial performance;

deficiencies in our public company financial reporting and disclosure adversely impacting our reputation;

ineffective management of environmental and sustainability issues, including climate change, and inadequate or 
ineffective health and safety programs damaging our reputation, adversely impacting our financial performance 
and leading to regulatory action;

the failure to maintain the security of our information and technology systems having a material adverse effect 
on us;

the failure of our information and technology systems or those of our third-party service providers, adversely 
impacting our reputation and financial performance;

us  and  our  managed  assets  becoming  involved  in  legal  disputes  in  Canada,  the  U.S.  and  internationally  that 
could adversely impact our financial performance and reputation;

large losses not covered by insurance adversely impacting the assets under management;

the inability to collect amounts owing to us adversely impacting financial performance;

information barriers giving rise to certain conflicts and risks; and

our renewable power and transition, infrastructure, private equity and real estate strategies.

Risks relating to taxation, including risks relating to:

our aggregate tax liability and effective tax rate being adversely affected in the future by changes in the tax laws 
of the countries in which we operate; and

United States and Canadian taxation, and the effects thereof on our business and operations.

You should carefully consider the following factors in addition to other information set forth in this Form 20-F. If any of 
the following risks were actually to occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations and the prospects 
and value of the Class A Shares would likely suffer. 

FORM 20-F                 21

Risks Relating to the Manager

The material assets of the Manager consist solely of its 25% interest in the common shares of the Asset Management 
Company.

The material assets of the Manager consist solely of its 25% interest in the common shares of the Asset Management 
Company. While the Manager has the right to nominate one-half of the board of the Asset Management Company, the 
Corporation  holds  the  remaining  75%  interest  in  the  common  shares  of  the  Asset  Management  Company  and  has  the 
right to nominate the other one-half of the board of the Asset Management Company. Therefore, the Manager relies on 
the  cooperation  of  the  Corporation  to  make  decisions  regarding  our  asset  management  business.  If  the  interests  of  the 
Manager  and  the  Corporation  differ  with  respect  to  our  asset  management  business,  the  Manager  may  not  be  able  to 
implement policies at our asset management business that it determines are desirable.

For  example,  while  the  Manager  intends  to  pay  regular  dividends  to  shareholders,  the  Manager  has  no  independent 
means  of  generating  revenue.  The  Manager  depends  on  distributions  and  other  payments  from  our  asset  management 
business to provide it with the funds necessary to meet its financial obligations as well as pay dividends to shareholders. 
As  discussed  under  Item  5.A  “Operating  Results  —  Dividend  Policy”,  the  Manager  intends  to  pay  dividends  to 
shareholders on a quarterly basis equal to approximately 90% of its Distributable Earnings in the preceding quarter and 
our  asset  management  business  intends  to  pay  dividends  to  the  Manager  and  the  Corporation  on  a  quarterly  basis 
sufficient to ensure that the Manager can pay its intended dividend. Dividends will be variable and will change in line 
with the growth of Distributable Earnings. The declaration and payment of any dividends will be at the discretion of the 
Board (and the board of the Asset Management Company), and may change at any time, including, without limitation, to 
reduce such quarterly dividends or to eliminate such dividends entirely.

Our asset management business and our managed assets are legally distinct from the Manager and some of them are or 
may  become  restricted  in  their  ability  to  pay  dividends  and  distributions  or  otherwise  make  funds  available  to  the 
Manager  pursuant  to  local  law,  regulatory  requirements  and  their  contractual  agreements,  including  agreements 
governing  their  financing  arrangements.  Our  asset  management  business  and  our  managed  assets  will  generally  be 
required to service their debt and other obligations before making distributions to the Manager.

The Corporation’s actions could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

The  Corporation  is  a  significant  investor  in  our  asset  management  business  and  we  rely  on  the  Corporation  for  many 
aspects of our business. In addition, the Corporation has the right (but not the obligation) to participate up to 25% (net of 
any participation of our asset management business) in each new sponsored fund of our asset management business. This 
participation includes any participation by the Corporation’s perpetual affiliates and Brookfield Reinsurance, but they are 
also  not  obligated  to  invest  capital  in  our  funds.  Any  fees  to  be  paid  to  our  asset  management  business  on  the 
Corporation’s managed capital must be agreed by the Corporation, in its sole discretion. It is expected that most of the 
Corporation’s capital will continue to be provided by the perpetual affiliates, for whom existing fee arrangements will 
continue to apply. For greater certainty, for any new capital, the Corporation has a right to determine that no fees will 
apply. If the Corporation does not commit all the capital it is entitled to provide, or does not agree for its capital to be 
fee-bearing, we may have difficultly growing our managed capital or our revenues.

In addition, the Corporation has a significant influence on our asset management business through its 75% interest in the 
common shares of the Asset Management Company. While the Manager has the right to nominate one-half of the board 
of  the  Asset  Management  Company,  the  Corporation  holds  the  remaining  75%  interest  in  the  common  shares  of  the 
Asset  Management  Company  and  has  the  right  to  nominate  the  other  one-half  of  the  board  of  the  Asset  Management 
Company. If the interests of the Manager and the Corporation differ with respect to our asset management business, the 
Manager may not be able to implement policies at our asset management business that it determines are desirable. There 
is  no  formal  dispute  resolution  mechanism  in  the  Voting  Agreement  relating  to  the  voting  of  shares  of  our  asset 
management business, and, if we are unable to agree, we may be prevented from achieving our objectives, including our 
financial objectives.

In addition, a significant portion of our Fee-Bearing Capital is represented by the capital of the perpetual affiliates, which 
are  controlled  by  the  Corporation.  The  Corporation  will  therefore  exercise  significant  influence  over  their  operation, 
including (among other things) distribution policies that enable us to earn incentive distributions.

The Corporation has no obligation to provide backstops or other guarantees relating to new investments or acquisitions, 
or  to  commit  capital  on  a  transitional  basis  while  other  investors  are  being  sourced,  but  any  arrangements  or 
understandings existing at the time of completion of the Arrangement will be continued. Moreover, if the Corporation 

22                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

does make transitory investments it will generally be entitled to receive the same cost of carry for such investment as the 
relevant fund of our asset management business is entitled to under its fund documents (typically 8%) as well as stand-
by / commitment fees at market rates and such other compensation as otherwise may be mutually agreed. It is possible 
that  our  ability  to  deploy  capital  may  be  adversely  affected  by  not  having  the  Corporation’s  backstops  or  other 
guarantees, or we may be required to deploy our own capital, or to pay for other sources of capital.

We depend on our global reputation for integrity and investment acumen. Our business could be negatively impacted by 
changes in the Corporation’s global reputation. In addition, other than as described in this Form 20-F, the Corporation is 
not  committed  to  an  exclusive  relationship  with  us,  and  we  may  compete  with  the  Corporation  (except  for  capital 
represented by the perpetual affiliates, which is exclusive) or compete with other asset managers for the Corporation’s 
capital.

The Manager is a newly formed company and has a limited operating history as an independent public company and 
the  historical  financial  information  included  herein  may  not  reflect  the  financial  condition  or  operating  results  we 
would  have  achieved  during  the  periods  presented,  and  therefore  may  not  be  a  reliable  indicator  of  our  future 
financial performance.

The Manager was formed on July 4, 2022 and has a limited operating history as an independent public company and the 
historical  financial  information  included  herein  may  not  reflect  the  financial  condition  or  operating  results  we  would 
have achieved during the periods presented in this Form 20-F and therefore, may not be a reliable indicator of our or our 
asset management business’ future financial performance. Our limited operating history will make it difficult to assess 
our  ability  to  operate  profitably  and  make  distributions  to  shareholders.  Although  our  business  has  been  under  the 
Corporation’s  control  prior  to  the  formation  of  the  Manager,  its  results  have  not  previously  been  reported  on  a  stand-
alone basis and, therefore, may not be indicative of our future financial condition or operating results. We urge you to 
carefully consider the basis on which the historical financial information included herein was prepared and presented.

We may be liable for the debts and liabilities of our asset management business.

The  Asset  Management  Company  is  an  unlimited  liability  company  formed  under  the  laws  of  British  Columbia,  and 
certain  of  its  subsidiaries  are  also  unlimited  liability  companies.  As  a  result,  the  Manager  and  the  Corporation  will  be 
jointly and severally liable to contribute to the assets of our asset management business for the payment of its debts and 
liabilities  on  a  liquidation  or  a  dissolution.  If  the  Manager  has  assets  other  than  its  interest  in  our  asset  management 
business, and if the assets of our asset management business are not sufficient to cover its debts and liabilities (including 
those arising as a result of its obligations towards its unlimited liability company subsidiaries), then the Manager’s assets 
may  be  required  to  be  contributed  to  the  Asset  Management  Company,    potentially  to  a  degree  that  exceeds  its  25% 
interest, further reducing the assets in the Manager available to its shareholders.

Our organizational and ownership structure may create conflicts of interest that may be resolved in a manner that is 
not in our best interests or the best interests of our shareholders.

Our organizational and ownership structure involves a number of relationships that may give rise to conflicts of interest 
between  us  and  our  shareholders,  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  Corporation,  on  the  other  hand.  For  example,  except  to  a 
limited  extent,  the  Corporation  is  not  committed  to  an  exclusive  relationship  with  us,  and  we  may  compete  with  the 
Corporation  (except  for  capital  represented  by  the  perpetual  affiliates,  which  is  exclusive)  or  may  compete  with  other 
asset managers for the Corporation’s capital.

Many of our executives and employees have a material portion of their equity compensation awards that are tied to the 
performance of the shares of the Corporation. If the market value of the Manager’s shares and the Corporation’s shares 
are not fully aligned, the existence of these awards may result in our executives and employees being less focused on the 
Manager’s financial success.

The  Manager  is  a  “foreign  private  issuer”  under  U.S.  securities  law.  Therefore,  the  Manager  is  exempt  from 
requirements applicable to U.S. domestic registrants listed on the NYSE.

Although the Manager is subject to the periodic reporting requirement of the U.S. Exchange Act, the periodic disclosure 
required  of  foreign  private  issuers  under  the  U.S.  Exchange  Act  is  different  from  periodic  disclosure  required  of  U.S. 
domestic  registrants.  Therefore,  there  may  be  less  publicly  available  information  about  the  Manager  than  is  regularly 
published by or about other companies in the United States. The Manager is exempt from certain other sections of the 
U.S. Exchange Act to which U.S. domestic issuers are subject, including the requirement to provide its shareholders with 

FORM 20-F                 23

information  statements  or  proxy  statements  that  comply  with  the  U.S.  Exchange  Act.  In  addition,  insiders  and  large 
shareholders of the Manager are not obligated to file reports under Section 16 of the U.S. Exchange Act.

The  Manager  is  permitted  to  follow  certain  home  country  corporate  governance  practices  instead  of  those  otherwise 
required under the NYSE Listed Company Manual for domestic issuers. The NYSE requires listed companies to have, 
among other things, a majority of its board members be independent. As a foreign private issuer, however, the Manager 
is permitted to follow home country practice in lieu of the above requirement. Canadian securities laws do not require a 
majority  of  the  Board  to  consist  of  independent  directors.  The  Manager  expects  that  the  Board  will  be  majority 
independent no later than the annual meeting that follows the completion of the Manager’s first full fiscal year after the 
Arrangement.  Other  than  with  respect  to  the  foregoing,  the  Manager  currently  intends  to  follow  the  same  corporate 
practices that would be applicable to U.S. domestic companies under U.S. federal securities laws and NYSE corporate 
governance practices. However, the Manager may, in the future, elect to follow its home country laws for certain of its 
corporate governance practices, as permitted by the rules of the NYSE, in which case the protection that is afforded to 
the Manager’s shareholders would be different from that accorded to investors of U.S. domestic issuers.

The  Manager  is  an  “emerging  growth  company”  and  the  reduced  disclosure  requirements  applicable  to  emerging 
growth companies may make our Class A Shares less attractive to investors.

The Manager is an “emerging growth company”, as defined in the JOBS Act, and is eligible for certain exemptions from 
various requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies”, including, 
but  not  limited  to,  reduced  disclosure  obligations  and  exemptions  from  the  requirements  to  comply  with  the  auditor 
attestation  requirements  of  Section  404  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act.  The  Manager  will  remain  an  “emerging  growth 
company” until the earliest of (a) the last day of the first fiscal year in which its annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 
billion,  (b)  the  date  that  the  Manager  becomes  a  “large  accelerated  filer”  as  defined  in  Rule  12b-2  under  the  U.S. 
Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of the Class A Shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 
million  as  of  the  last  business  day  of  our  most  recently  completed  second  fiscal  quarter,  (c)  the  date  on  which  the 
Manager has issued more than $1 billion in nonconvertible debt during the preceding three-year period or (d) the last day 
of our fiscal year containing the fifth anniversary of the Special Distribution. We may choose to rely upon some or all of 
the available exemptions. When we are no longer deemed to be an emerging growth company, we will not be entitled to 
the exemptions provided in the JOBS Act discussed above. Investors may find our Class A Shares less attractive as a 
result of our reliance on exemptions under the JOBS Act. If investors find the Class A Shares less attractive as a result, 
there may be a less active trading market for the Class A Shares and our share price may be more volatile.

Canadian  and  U.S.  investors  may  find  it  difficult  or  impossible  to  effect  service  of  process  and  enforce  judgments 
against us, our directors and our executive officers.

Certain directors of the Manager reside outside of Canada. Consequently, it may not be possible for Canadian investors 
to  enforce  judgments  obtained  in  Canada  against  any  person  who  resides  outside  of  Canada,  even  if  the  party  has 
appointed  an  agent  for  service  of  process.  Furthermore,  it  may  be  difficult  to  realize  upon  or  enforce  in  Canada  any 
judgment  of  a  court  of  Canada  against  the  directors  of  the  Manager  who  reside  outside  of  Canada  since  a  substantial 
portion of the assets of such person may be located outside of Canada.

Similarly, the Manager is a company incorporated under the laws of British Columbia, Canada, most of its officers and 
directors are not residents of the United States, and a substantial portion of the assets of the Manager and said persons are 
located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for U.S. investors to: (i) effect service of process within 
the  United  States  upon  the  Manager  or  those  directors  and  officers  who  are  not  residents  of  the  United  States;  or  (ii) 
realize in the United States upon judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions of 
the United States federal securities laws.

Risks Relating to our Business

Growth  in  Fee-Bearing  Capital  could  be  adversely  impacted  by  poor  product  development  or  marketing  efforts.  In 
addition, investment returns could be lower than target returns due to inappropriate allocation of capital or ineffective 
investment management.

Our business depends on our ability to fundraise third-party capital, deploy that capital effectively and produce targeted 
investment returns.

Our ability to raise third-party capital depends on a number of factors, including many that are outside our control such 
as  the  general  economic  environment  and  the  number  of  other  investment  funds  being  raised  at  the  same  time  by  our 

24                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

competitors. Investors may reduce (or even eliminate) their investment allocations to alternative investments, including 
closed-ended private funds. Investors that are required to maintain specific asset class allocations within their portfolio 
may be required to reduce their investment allocations to alternative investments, particularly during periods when other 
asset  classes  such  as  public  securities  are  decreasing  in  value.  In  addition,  investors  may  prefer  to  insource  and  make 
direct investments; therefore, becoming competitors and ceasing to be clients and/or make new capital commitments.

Competition  from  other  asset  managers  for  raising  public  and  private  capital  is  intense,  with  competition  based  on  a 
variety  of  factors,  including  investment  performance,  the  quality  of  service  provided  to  investors,  the  quality  and 
availability of investment products, marketing efforts, investor liquidity and willingness to invest, and reputation. Poor 
investment  performance  could  hamper  our  ability  to  compete  for  these  sources  of  capital  or  force  us  to  reduce  our 
management  fees.  Our  investors  and  potential  investors  continually  assess  investment  performance  and  our  ability  to 
raise capital for existing and future funds depends on our funds’ relative and absolute performance. If poor investment 
returns  or  changes  in  investment  mandates  prevent  us  from  raising  further  capital  from  our  existing  partners,  we  may 
need to identify and attract new investors in order to maintain or increase the size of our private funds, and there are no 
assurances  that  we  will  be  able  to  find  new  investors.  Further,  as  competition  and  disintermediation  in  the  asset 
management  industry  increase,  we  may  face  pressure  to  reduce  or  modify  our  asset  management  fees,  including  base 
management fees and/or carried interest, or modify other terms governing our current asset management fee structure, in 
order to attract and retain investors.

The  successful  execution  of  our  investing  strategy  is  uncertain  as  it  requires  suitable  opportunities,  careful  timing  and 
business  judgment,  as  well  as  the  resources  to  complete  asset  purchases  and  restructure  them,  if  required, 
notwithstanding difficulties experienced in a particular industry.

There is no certainty that we will be able to identify suitable or sufficient opportunities that meet our investment criteria 
and be able to acquire additional high-quality assets at attractive prices to supplement our growth in a timely manner, or 
at  all.  In  pursuing  investment  opportunities  and  returns,  we  and  our  managed  assets  face  competition  from  other 
investment managers and investors worldwide. Each of our strategies is subject to competition in varying degrees and 
our competitors may have certain competitive advantages over us when pursuing investment opportunities. Some of our 
competitors may have higher risk tolerances, different risk assessments, lower return thresholds, a lower cost of capital, 
or  a  lower  effective  tax  rate  (or  no  tax  rate  at  all),  all  of  which  could  allow  them  to  consider  a  wider  variety  of 
investments and to bid more aggressively than us for investments. We may lose investment opportunities in the future if 
we do not match investment prices, structures and terms offered by our competitors, some of whom may have synergistic 
businesses which allow them to consider bidding a higher price than we can reasonably offer. While we will continue to 
attempt to deal with competitive pressures by leveraging our asset management strengths and the operating capabilities 
of the Corporation and compete on more than just price, there is no guarantee these measures will be successful, and we 
may  have  difficulty  competing  for  investment  opportunities,  particularly  those  offered  through  auction  or  other 
competitive processes. If we are unable to successfully raise, retain and deploy third-party capital into investments, or 
make  acquisitions  which  yield  attractive  returns,  we  may  be  unable  to  collect  management  fees,  carried  interest  or 
transaction fees, which would materially reduce our revenue and cash flows and adversely affect our financial condition.

Our approach to investing may entail adding assets to our existing managed assets through tuck-in acquisitions when the 
competition  for  assets  is  weakest;  typically,  when  depressed  economic  conditions  exist  in  the  market  relating  to  a 
particular entity or industry. Such an investing style carries with it inherent risks when investments are made in either 
markets or industries that are undergoing some form of dislocation. We may fail to value opportunities accurately or to 
consider all relevant factors that may be necessary or helpful in evaluating an opportunity, may underestimate the costs 
necessary  to  bring  an  acquisition  up  to  standards  established  for  its  intended  market  position,  may  be  exposed  to 
unexpected risks and costs associated with these investments, including risks arising from alternative technologies that 
could impair or eliminate the competitive advantage of our managed assets in a particular industry, and/or may be unable 
to quickly and effectively integrate new acquisitions into existing operations or exit from the investment on favourable 
terms.  In  addition,  liabilities  may  exist  that  we  or  our  managed  assets  do  not  discover  in  due  diligence  prior  to  the 
consummation of an acquisition, or circumstances may exist with respect to the entities or assets acquired that could lead 
to future liabilities and, in each case, we or our managed assets may not be entitled to sufficient, or any, recourse against 
the contractual counterparties to an acquisition.

Our credit strategies, the majority of which are managed through Oaktree, offer a broad diverse range of long-term fund 
and perpetual strategies to our investors. Similar to our other long-term private funds, we earn base management fees and 
carried  interest  on  Oaktree’s  fund  capital  in  its  credit  strategies.  Cyclicality  is  important  to  credit  strategies  and  weak 
economic environments have tended to afford the best investment opportunities and best relative investment performance 

FORM 20-F                 25

to  such  strategies.  Any  prolonged  economic  expansion  or  recession  could  have  an  adverse  impact  on  certain  credit 
strategies and materially affect the ability to deliver superior investment returns for clients or generate incentive or other 
income in respect of those strategies.

We  generally  pursue  investment  opportunities  that  involve  business,  regulatory,  legal  and  other  complexities.  Our 
tolerance for complexity presents risks, as completing complex transactions on behalf of our managed assets can be more 
difficult, expensive and time consuming to finance and execute, and have a higher risk of execution failure. It can also be 
more difficult to manage or realize value from the assets acquired in such transactions and such transactions sometimes 
entail a higher level of regulatory scrutiny or a greater risk of contingent liabilities.

At times, we make investments (for one or more of our funds or managed assets) in companies that we do not control. 
These investments are subject to the risk that the company in which the investment is made may make business, financial 
or  management  decisions  with  which  we  do  not  agree  or  that  the  majority  stakeholders  or  the  management  of  the 
company may take risks or otherwise act in a manner that does not serve our interests.

Certain  strategies  may  be  concentrated  in  particular  asset  types  or  geographic  regions,  which  could  exacerbate  any 
negative performance of one or more of our managed assets to the extent those concentrated investments are in assets or 
regions that experience market dislocation. In addition, certain of our funds hold publicly traded securities the price of 
which  will  be  volatile  and  are  likely  to  fluctuate  due  to  a  number  of  factors  beyond  our  control,  including  actual  or 
anticipated  changes  in  the  profitability  of  the  issuers  of  such  securities;  general  economic,  social,  or  political 
developments;  changes  in  industry  conditions;  changes  in  governance  regulation;  inflation;  the  general  state  of  the 
securities markets; COVID-19; and other material events.

The failure of a newly acquired business to perform according to expectations could have a material adverse effect on 
our  assets,  liabilities,  business,  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows.  Alternatively,  we  may  be 
required to sell a business before it has realized our expected level of returns for such business.

If  any  of  our  managed  investments  perform  poorly  or  experience  prolonged  periods  of  volatility,  or  we  are  unable  to 
deploy  capital  effectively,  our  fee-based  revenue,  cash  available  for  distribution  and/or  carried  interest  would  decline. 
Accordingly, our expected returns on these investments may be less than we have assumed in forecasting the value of 
our business.

Actions or conduct that have a negative impact on investors’ or stakeholders’ perception of us could adversely impact 
our ability to attract and/or retain investor capital and generate fee revenue.

The  growth  of  our  business  relies  on  continuous  fundraising  for  various  private  and  public  investment  products,  and 
retention of capital raised from third-party investors. We depend on our business relationships and our global reputation 
for integrity and high-caliber asset management services to attract and retain investors and advisory clients, and to pursue 
investment  opportunities  for  our  clients.  Our  business  relationships  and  reputation  could  be  negatively  impacted  by  a 
number of factors including poor performance; actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest that are not adequately 
addressed;  misconduct  or  alleged  misconduct  by  employees;  rumors  or  innuendos;  or  failed  or  ineffective 
implementation of new investments or strategies. If we are unable to continue to raise and retain capital from third-party 
investors,  including  from  the  Corporation,  either  privately,  publicly  or  both,  or  otherwise  are  unable  to  pursue  our 
investment  opportunities,  this  could  materially  reduce  our  revenue  and  cash  flows  and  adversely  affect  our  financial 
condition.

Poor performance of any kind could damage our reputation with current and potential investors in our managed assets, 
making it more difficult for us to raise new capital. Investors may decline to invest in current and future managed assets 
and may withdraw their investments from our managed assets as a result of poor performance in the entity in which they 
are invested, and investors in our private funds may demand lower fees for new or existing funds, all of which would 
decrease our revenue.

As  a  global  alternative  asset  manager  with  various  lines  of  business  and  investment  products,  some  of  which  have 
overlapping mandates, we may be subject to a number of actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest.

In  addressing  these  conflicts,  we  have  implemented  a  variety  of  policies  and  procedures;  however,  there  can  be  no 
assurances  that  these  will  be  effective  at  mitigating  actual,  potential  or  perceived  conflicts  of  interest  in  all 
circumstances, or will not reduce the positive synergies that we seek to cultivate. It is also possible that actual, potential 
or  perceived  conflicts  of  interest,  if  not  properly  addressed,  could  give  rise  to  investor  dissatisfaction,  litigation, 
regulatory enforcement actions or other detrimental outcomes. See “Risks Relating to the Manager — Our organizational 

26                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

and ownership structure may create conflicts of interest that may be resolved in a manner that is not in our best interests 
or the best interests of our shareholders”.

Appropriately  dealing  with  conflicts  of  interest  for  an  asset  manager  like  us  is  a  priority  and  our  reputation  could  be 
damaged if we fail, or appear to fail, to deal appropriately with actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest. Asset 
manager  conflicts  are  subject  to  enhanced  regulatory  scrutiny  in  the  markets  in  which  we  operate  and  in  the  U.S.  in 
particular. Such regulatory scrutiny can lead to fines, penalties and other negative consequences. Regulatory scrutiny of, 
or  litigation  in  connection  with,  conflicts  of  interest  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  reputation,  business, 
financial condition or results of operations in a number of ways, including an inability to adequately capitalize existing 
managed assets or raise new managed assets, including private funds, and a reluctance of counterparties to do business 
with us. For information regarding conflicts of interests between the businesses within our asset management operations 
that operate on opposite sides of an information barrier, see “—Information barriers may give rise to certain conflicts and 
risks and investment teams managing the activities of businesses that operate on opposite sides of an information barrier 
will not be aware of, and will not have the ability to manage, such conflicts and risks” herein.

Our reputation could also be negatively impacted if there is misconduct or alleged misconduct by our personnel or those 
of our managed assets, including historical misconduct prior to the investment in such managed asset. Risks associated 
with misconduct at our managed assets is heightened in cases where we do not have legal control or significant influence 
over  a  particular  managed  asset  or  are  not  otherwise  involved  in  actively  managing  an  investment.  In  such  situations, 
given  our  management  position  and  affiliation  with  the  managed  asset,  we  may  still  be  negatively  impacted  from  a 
reputational perspective through this association. In addition, even where we have management over an asset, if it is a 
newly acquired asset that we are in the process of integrating then we may face reputational risks related to historical or 
current misconduct or alleged misconduct at such managed asset for a period of time. We may also face increased risk of 
misconduct to the extent investments in operating assets in emerging markets and distressed companies increases. If we 
face  allegations  of  improper  conduct  by  private  litigants  or  regulators,  whether  the  allegations  are  valid  or  invalid  or 
whether the ultimate outcome is favourable or unfavourable to us, such allegations may result in negative publicity and 
press speculation about us, our investment activities or the asset management industry in general, which could harm our 
reputation and may be more damaging to our business than to other types of businesses.

We are subject to a number of obligations and standards arising from our business and our authority over the assets we 
manage. The violation of these obligations and standards by any of our employees may adversely affect our partners and 
our business and reputation. Our business often requires that we deal with confidential matters. If our employees were to 
improperly  use  or  disclose  confidential  information,  or  a  security  breach  results  in  an  inadvertent  disclosure  of  such 
information,  we  could  suffer  serious  harm  to  our  reputation,  financial  position  and  current  and  future  business 
relationships. It is not always possible to detect or deter employee misconduct or security breaches, and the precautions 
we take in this regard may not be effective.

Implementation of new investment and growth strategies involves a number of risks that could result in losses and harm 
to our professional reputation, including the risk that the expected results are not achieved, that new strategies are not 
appropriately  planned  for  or  integrated,  that  new  strategies  may  conflict  with,  detract  from  or  compete  against  our 
managed assets, and that the investment process, controls and procedures that we have developed will prove insufficient 
or  inadequate.  Furthermore,  our  strategic  initiatives  may  include  joint  ventures,  in  which  case  we  will  be  subject  to 
additional  risks  and  uncertainties  in  that  we  may  be  dependent  upon  and  subject  to  liability,  losses  or  reputational 
damage  relating  to  systems,  controls  and  personnel  that  are  not  under  our  complete  control  or  under  the  control  of 
another.

In addition to impacting our ability to raise and retain third-party capital and pursue investment opportunities, certain of 
the risks identified herein that may have a negative impact on our reputation also could, in extreme cases, result in our 
removal as general partner or an acceleration of the liquidation date of the private funds that we manage. The governing 
agreements  of  our  private  funds  provide  that,  subject  to  certain  conditions  (which  may,  particularly  in  the  case  of  our 
removal as general partner, include final legal adjudications of the merits of the particular issue), third-party investors in 
these  funds  will  have  the  right  to  remove  us  as  general  partner  or  to  accelerate  the  liquidation  date  of  the  fund. 
Additionally, at any time, investors may seek to terminate a fund and accelerate the liquidation date upon the vote of a 
super-majority of investors in such fund. A significant negative impact to our reputation would be expected to increase 
the  likelihood  that  investors  could  seek  to  terminate  a  private  fund.  This  effect  would  be  magnified  if,  as  is  often  the 
case, an investor is invested in more than one fund. Such an event, were it to occur, would result in a reduction in the 
fees we would earn from such fund, particularly if we are unable to maximize the value of the fund’s investments during 
the liquidation process or in the event of the triggering of a “clawback” for fees already paid out to us as general partner.

FORM 20-F                 27

The trading price of the Class A Shares is subject to volatility due to market conditions and other factors and cannot 
be predicted.

The  market  price  of  our  Class  A  Shares  may  be  volatile  and  could  fluctuate  significantly  in  response  to  factors  both 
related and unrelated to our operating performance and/or future prospects, including, but not limited to: (i) variations in 
our operating results and financial condition; (ii) actual or prospective changes in government laws, rules or regulations 
affecting our business and our managed assets; (iii) material announcements by us, our affiliates or our competitors; (iv) 
the general state of the securities markets; (v) market conditions and events specific to the industries in which we and our 
managed assets operate; (vi) changes and developments in general economic, political, or social conditions, including as 
a  result  of  COVID-19  or  other  pandemics  and  related  economic  disruptions;  (vii)  changes  in  the  values  of  our 
investments  and  distributions  or  changes  in  the  amount  of  interest  paid  in  respect  of  investments;  (viii)  differences 
between  our  actual  financial  results  and  those  expected  by  investors  and  analysts;  (ix)  changes  in  analysts’ 
recommendations or earnings projections; (x) the depth and liquidity of the market for the Class A Shares; (xi) dilution 
from the issuance of additional equity; (xii) investor perception of our business, our managed assets and the sectors in 
which  we  deploy  the  funds  from  our  strategies;  (xiii)  investment  restrictions;  (xiv)  our  dividend  policy;  (xv)  the 
departure of key executives; (xvi) sales of Class A Shares by senior management or significant shareholders; and (xvii) 
the materialization of other risks.

We  are  subject  to  numerous  laws,  rules  and  regulatory  requirements  which  may  impact  our  business,  including 
resulting in financial penalties, loss of business and/or damage to our reputation in instances of non-compliance.

There are many laws, governmental rules and regulations and listing exchange rules that apply to our business and our 
managed  assets.  Changes  in  these  laws,  rules  and  regulations,  or  their  interpretation  by  governmental  agencies  or  the 
courts, could adversely affect our business, our managed assets, or our prospects, or those of our affiliates, customers, 
clients or partners. The failure of the Manager, our asset management business or the entities that we manage to comply 
with these laws, rules and regulations, or with the rules and registration requirements of the respective stock exchanges 
on which we and they are listed, could adversely affect our reputation and financial condition.

Our  business,  including  our  investment  advisory  and  broker-dealer  business,  is  subject  to  substantial  and  increasing 
regulatory  compliance  obligations  and  oversight,  and  this  higher  level  of  scrutiny  may  lead  to  more  regulatory 
enforcement  actions.  There  continues  to  be  uncertainty  regarding  the  appropriate  level  of  regulation  and  oversight  of 
asset management businesses in a number of jurisdictions in which we operate. The financial services industry has been 
the subject of heightened scrutiny, and the SEC has specifically focused on asset managers in recent enforcement actions. 
Regulatory  investigations  and/or  enforcement  actions  by  our  regulators  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
business  and/or  reputation.  In  addition,  the  introduction  of  new  legislation  and  increased  regulation  may  result  in 
increased  compliance  costs  and  could  materially  affect  the  manner  in  which  we  conduct  our  business  and  adversely 
affect  our  profitability.  Although  there  may  be  some  areas  where  governments  in  certain  jurisdictions  propose 
deregulation, it is difficult to predict the timing and impact of any such deregulation, and we may not materially benefit 
from any such changes.

Our business is not only regulated in the U.S., but also in other jurisdictions where we conduct operations including the 
E.U.,  the  U.K.,  Canada,  Brazil,  Australia,  India,  South  Korea  and  China.  Similar  to  the  environment  in  the  U.S.,  our 
business  and  how  we  market  in  jurisdictions  outside  the  U.S.  has  become  subject  to  further  regulation.  Governmental 
agencies  around  the  world  have  proposed  or  implemented  a  number  of  initiatives  and  additional  rules  and  regulations 
that could adversely affect our business and our managed assets, and governmental agencies may propose or implement 
further rules and regulations in the future. These rules and regulations may impact how we market in these jurisdictions 
and  introduce  compliance  obligations  with  respect  to  disclosure  and  transparency,  as  well  as  restrictions  on  investor 
participation and distributions. Such regulations may also prescribe certain capital requirements on our managed assets, 
and  conditions  on  the  leverage  our  managed  assets  may  employ  and  the  liquidity  these  managed  assets  must  have. 
Compliance  with  additional  regulatory  requirements  will  impose  additional  restrictions  and  expenses  for  us  and  could 
reduce our operating flexibility and fundraising opportunities.

The  broker-dealer  side  of  our  managed  assets  is  regulated  by  the  SEC,  the  various  Canadian  provincial  securities 
commissions, as well as self-regulatory organizations, including the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority in the U.S. 
These  regulatory  bodies  may  conduct  administrative  or  enforcement  proceedings  that  can  result  in  censure,  fine, 
suspension  or  expulsion  of  a  broker-dealer,  its  directors,  officers  or  employees.  Such  proceedings,  whether  or  not 
resulting in adverse findings, can require substantial expenditures and can have an adverse impact on the reputation of a 
broker-dealer.

28                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

The advisors of certain of our managed assets are registered as investment advisers with the SEC. Registered investment 
advisers  are  subject  to  the  requirements  and  regulations  of  the  Investment  Advisers  Act  of  1940,  which  grants  U.S. 
supervisory agencies broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict the carrying on of business for 
failure  to  comply  with  laws  or  regulations.  If  such  powers  are  exercised,  the  possible  sanctions  that  may  be  imposed 
include the suspension of individual employees, limitations on the activities in which the investment adviser may engage, 
suspension or revocation of the investment adviser’s registration, censure and fines. Compliance with these requirements 
and regulations results in the expenditure of resources, and a failure to comply could result in investigations, financial or 
other sanctions, and reputational damage.

The Investment Company Act and the rules promulgated thereunder provide certain protections to investors and impose 
certain restrictions on entities that are deemed “investment companies” under the Investment Company Act. We are not 
currently, nor do we intend to become, an investment company under the Investment Company Act. To ensure that we 
are  not  deemed  to  be  an  investment  company,  we  may  be  required  to  materially  restrict  or  limit  the  scope  of  our 
operations  or  plans  and  the  types  of  acquisitions  that  we  may  make,  and  we  may  need  to  modify  our  organizational 
structure or dispose of assets that we would not otherwise dispose of. If we were required to register as an investment 
company,  we  would  face  severe  limitations  on  the  operation  of  our  business.  Among  other  things,  we  would  be 
prohibited  from  engaging  in  certain  business  activities  (or  have  conditions  placed  on  our  business  activities),  face 
restrictions on engaging in transactions with affiliated entities and issuing certain securities or engaging in certain types 
of financings, be restricted with respect to the amount and types of borrowings we are permitted to obtain, be required to 
limit the amount of investments that we make as principal, and face other limitations on our activities.

We  have  and  may  become  subject  to  additional  regulatory  and  compliance  requirements  as  we  expand  our  product 
offerings  and  investment  platform  which  likely  will  carry  additional  legal  and  compliance  costs,  as  well  as  additional 
operating requirements that may also increase costs.

Our  strategies  primarily  invest  in  renewable  power  and  transition,  infrastructure,  real  estate,  business  services  and 
industrial assets. In doing so, our managed assets are required to comply with extensive and complex municipal, state or 
provincial,  national  and  international  laws  and  regulations.  These  laws  and  regulations  can  result  in  uncertainty  and 
delays  and  impose  additional  costs,  which  may  adversely  affect  our  results  of  operations.  Changes  in  these  laws  and 
regulations may negatively impact us and our managed assets or may benefit our competitors and their businesses.

Additionally, liability under such laws, rules and regulations may occur without our fault. In certain cases, parties can 
pursue legal actions against us to enforce compliance as well as seek damages for non-compliance or for personal injury 
or  property  damage.  Our  insurance  may  not  provide  sufficient  coverage  in  the  event  that  a  successful  claim  is  made 
against us.

Most of our funds rely on Rule 506 of Regulation D under the U.S. Securities Act to raise capital from investors. Rule 
506 is not available to issuers deemed to be “bad actors” under Rule 506 if a covered person of the issuer has been the 
subject to certain criminal, civil or regulatory disqualifying events. Covered persons include, among others, the issuer, 
executive officer or other officer participating in the offering of the issuer, any general partner or managing member of 
the foregoing entities, any promoter of the issuer and any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the issuer’s outstanding 
voting equity securities. If one or more of our funds were to lose the ability to rely on the Rule 506 exemption because a 
covered person has been the subject of a disqualifying event, our business, financial condition and results of operations 
could be materially and adversely affected.

Our  policies  and  procedures  designed  to  ensure  compliance  by  us  and  our  managed  assets  with  applicable  laws, 
including anti-bribery and corruption laws, may not be effective in all instances to prevent violations and as a result 
we may be subject to related governmental investigations.

We are from time to time subject to various governmental investigations, audits and inquiries, both formal and informal. 
These investigations, regardless of their outcome, can be costly, divert management attention and damage our reputation. 
The unfavourable resolution of such investigations could result in criminal liability, fines, penalties or other monetary or 
non-monetary sanctions and could materially affect our business or results of operations.

There  is  a  continued  global  focus  on  the  enforcement  of  anti-bribery  and  corruption  legislation,  and  this  focus  has 
heightened  the  risks  that  we  face  in  this  area,  particularly  as  we  continue  to  expand  our  operations  globally.  We  are 
subject  to  a  number  of  laws  and  regulations  governing  payments  and  contributions  to  public  officials  or  other  third 
parties,  including  restrictions  imposed  by  the  U.S.  Foreign  Corrupt  Practices  Act  and  similar  laws  in  non-U.S. 
jurisdictions, such as the U.K. Bribery Act, the Canadian Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act and the Brazilian 

FORM 20-F                 29

Clean Company Act. This global focus on anti-bribery and corruption enforcement may also lead to more investigations, 
both formal and informal, in this area, the results of which cannot be predicted.

Different laws and regulations that are applicable to us may contain conflicting provisions, making our compliance more 
difficult.  If  we  fail  to  comply  with  such  laws  and  regulations,  we  could  be  exposed  to  claims  for  damages,  financial 
penalties,  reputational  harm,  incarceration  of  our  employees,  restrictions  on  our  operations  and  other  liabilities,  which 
could negatively affect our operating results and financial condition. In addition, we may be subject to successor liability 
for  violations  under  these  laws  and  regulations  or  other  acts  of  bribery  committed  by  entities  in  which  we  or  our 
managed assets invest.

Instances of bribery, fraud, accounting irregularities and other improper, illegal or corrupt practices can be difficult to 
detect,  in  particular  when  conducting  due  diligence  in  connection  with  acquisitions,  and  fraud  and  other  deceptive 
practices  can  be  widespread  in  certain  jurisdictions.  Our  managed  assets  are,  and  may  be,  located  in  emerging  market 
countries that may not have established stringent anti-bribery and corruption laws and regulations, where existing laws 
and  regulations  may  not  be  consistently  enforced,  or  that  are  perceived  to  have  materially  higher  levels  of  corruption 
according to international rating standards. Due diligence on investment opportunities in these jurisdictions is frequently 
more challenging because consistent and uniform commercial practices in such locations may not have developed or do 
not meet international standards. Bribery, fraud, accounting irregularities and corrupt practices can be especially difficult 
to detect in such locations. When acquiring assets in distress, the quality of financial information of the target may also 
make it difficult to identify irregularities.

Our cash flow, all of which will come from our asset management business, must be available to meet our financial 
obligations when due and enable us to capitalize on investment opportunities when they arise.

We  employ  debt  and  other  forms  of  leverage  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  to  enhance  returns.  We  are  therefore 
subject to the risks associated with debt financing (directly and indirectly through our managed assets) and refinancing, 
including but not limited to the following: (i) our cash flow may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal 
and interest; (ii) payments of principal and interest on borrowings may leave us with insufficient cash resources to pay 
operating expenses and dividends; (iii) if we are unable to obtain committed debt financing for potential acquisitions or 
can only obtain debt at high interest rates or on other unfavourable terms, we may have difficulty completing acquisitions 
or  may  generate  profits  that  are  lower  than  would  otherwise  be  the  case;  (iv)  we  may  not  be  able  to  refinance 
indebtedness at maturity due to company and market factors such as the estimated cash flow produced by our assets, the 
value of our assets, liquidity in the debt markets and/or financial, competitive, business and other factors; and (v) if we 
are able to refinance our indebtedness, the terms of a refinancing may not be as favourable as the original terms for such 
indebtedness.  If  we  are  unable  to  refinance  our  indebtedness  on  acceptable  terms,  or  at  all,  we  may  need  to  utilize 
available liquidity, which would reduce our ability to pursue new investment opportunities, or we may need to dispose of 
one or more of our or our managed assets on disadvantageous terms, or raise equity, thereby causing dilution to existing 
shareholders. Regulatory changes may also result in higher borrowing costs and reduced access to credit.

The terms of our various credit agreements and other financing documents may require us to comply with a number of 
customary  financial  and  other  covenants,  such  as  maintaining  debt  service  coverage  and  leverage  ratios,  adequate 
insurance coverage and certain credit ratings. These covenants may limit our flexibility in conducting our business and 
breaches of these covenants could result in defaults under the instruments governing the applicable indebtedness, even if 
we have satisfied and continue to satisfy our payment obligations.

A  large  proportion  of  our  managed  assets  include  physical  assets  and  securities  that  can  be  hard  to  sell,  especially  if 
market  conditions  are  poor.  Further,  because  our  investment  strategy  can  entail  our  having  representation  on  public 
company boards, we may be restricted in our ability to effect sales during certain time periods. A lack of liquidity could 
limit  our  ability  to  vary  our  managed  assets  promptly  in  response  to  changing  economic  or  investment  conditions. 
Additionally, if financial or operating difficulties of other owners result in distress sales, such sales could depress asset 
values in the markets in which we manage assets. The restrictions inherent in managing physical assets could reduce our 
ability to respond to changes in market conditions and could adversely affect the performance of investments across our 
fund strategies, our financial condition and our results of operations.

Because  there  is  significant  uncertainty  in  the  valuation  of,  or  in  the  stability  of  the  value  of  illiquid  or  non-public 
investments,  the  fair  values  of  such  investments  do  not  necessarily  reflect  the  prices  that  would  actually  be  obtained 
when such investments are realized. Realizations at values significantly lower than the values at which investments have 
been recorded would result in losses, a decline in asset management fees and the potential loss of carried interest and 
incentive fees.

30                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Additionally, from time to time, we may guarantee the obligations of other entities that we manage. If we are required to 
fund  these  commitments  and  are  unable  to  do  so,  this  could  result  in  damages  being  pursued  against  us  or  a  loss  of 
opportunity through default under contracts that are otherwise to our benefit.

We may be exposed to risks associated with acquisitions.

A  part  of  the  Manager’s  growth  strategy  involves  seeking  acquisition  opportunities.  We  will  face  competition  for 
acquisitions, including from our competitors, many of whom will have greater financial resources than us. There can be 
no assurance that we will identify and successfully complete acquisitions that will advance our growth strategy, or at all. 
Though we are not currently pursuing any strategic acquisitions, future acquisitions will likely involve some or all of the 
following risks, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations: the 
difficulty  of  integrating  the  acquired  operations  and  personnel  into  our  current  operations;  potential  disruption  of  our 
current operations; diversion of resources, including our management’s time and attention; the difficulty of managing the 
growth  of  a  larger  organization;  the  risk  of  entering  markets  in  which  we  have  little  experience;  the  risk  of  becoming 
involved  in  labour,  commercial  or  regulatory  disputes  or  litigation  related  to  the  new  enterprise;  the  risk  of 
environmental or other liabilities associated with the acquired business; and the risk of a change of control resulting from 
an acquisition triggering rights of third parties or government agencies under contracts with, or authorizations held by, 
the operating business being acquired. It is possible that due diligence investigations into businesses being acquired may 
fail to uncover all material risks, or to identify a change of control trigger in a material contract or authorization, or that a 
contractual counterparty or government agency may take a different view on the interpretation of such a provision to that 
taken by us, thereby resulting in a dispute.

Foreign  exchange  rate  fluctuations  could  adversely  impact  our  aggregate  foreign  currency  exposure  and  hedging 
strategies may not be effective.

We have pursued and intend to continue to pursue growth opportunities in international markets, and often deploy capital 
in countries where the U.S. dollar is not the local currency. As a result, we are subject to foreign currency risk due to 
potential fluctuations in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. A significant depreciation in the 
value of the currency utilized in one or more countries where we have a significant presence may have a material adverse 
effect  on  the  results  of  our  operations  and  financial  position.  In  addition,  we  are  active  in  certain  markets  where 
economic growth is dependent on the price of commodities and the currencies in these markets can be more volatile as a 
result.

Our  business  and  our  managed  assets  are  impacted  by  changes  in  currency  rates,  interest  rates,  commodity  prices  and 
other financial exposures. We selectively utilize financial instruments to manage these exposures, including credit default 
swaps and other derivatives to hedge certain of our financial positions. However, a significant portion of these risks may 
remain unhedged. We may also choose to establish unhedged positions in the ordinary course of business.

There is no assurance that hedging strategies, to the extent they are used, will fully mitigate the risks they are intended to 
offset. Additionally, derivatives that we use are also subject to their own unique set of risks, including counterparty risk 
with respect to the financial well-being of the party on the other side of these transactions and a potential requirement to 
fund mark-to-market adjustments. Our financial risk management policies may not ultimately be effective at managing 
these risks.

The Dodd-Frank Act and similar laws in other jurisdictions impose rules and regulations governing oversight of the over-
the-counter  derivatives  market  and  its  participants.  These  regulations  may  impose  additional  costs  and  regulatory 
scrutiny  on  us.  If  our  derivative  transactions  are  required  to  be  executed  through  exchanges  or  regulated  facilities,  we 
will face incremental collateral requirements in the form of initial margin and require variation margin to be cash settled 
on a daily basis. Such an increase in margin requirements (relative to bilateral agreements) or a more restricted list of 
securities that qualify as eligible collateral, would require us to hold larger positions in cash and treasuries, which could 
reduce  income.  We  cannot  predict  the  effect  of  changing  derivatives  legislation  on  our  hedging  costs,  our  hedging 
strategy or its implementation, or the risks that we hedge. Regulation of derivatives may increase the cost of derivative 
contracts,  reduce  the  availability  of  derivatives  to  protect  against  operational  risk  and  reduce  the  liquidity  of  the 
derivatives market, all of which may reduce our use of derivatives and result in the increased volatility and decreased 
predictability of our cash flows.

FORM 20-F                 31

We  may  be  required  to  make  temporary  investments  and  backstop  commitments  with  respect  to  our  business  and 
managed assets and may be unable to syndicate, assign or transfer such investments and commitments.

We periodically may be asked to enter into agreements that commit us to acquire or stand in place of another entity to 
acquire  assets  or  securities  in  order  to  support  our  managed  assets  with  the  expectation  that  our  commitment  is 
temporary.  For  example,  we  may  acquire  an  asset  suitable  for  a  particular  managed  business  that  is  fundraising  and 
warehouse that asset through the fundraising period before transferring the asset to the managed business for which it 
was  intended.  As  another  example,  our  asset  management  business  may  commit  capital  for  a  particular  acquisition 
transaction as part of a consortium alongside certain of our managed assets with the expectation that we will syndicate or 
assign all or a portion of our own commitment to investors prior to, at the same time as, or subsequent to, the anticipated 
closing of the transaction. In all of these cases, our support is intended to be of a temporary nature and we engage in this 
activity in order to further the growth and development of our asset management business.

Even  if  our  asset  management  business’  direct  participation  is  intended  to  be  of  a  temporary  nature,  our  asset 
management business may be unable to syndicate, assign or transfer its interest or commitment as our asset management 
business intended and therefore may be required to take or keep ownership of assets or securities for an extended period. 
This  would  increase  the  amount  of  our  asset  management  business’  own  capital  deployed  to  certain  assets  and  could 
have  an  adverse  impact  on  our  asset  management  business’  liquidity,  which  may  negatively  impact  its  ability  to  meet 
other financial commitments.

Rising interest rates could increase our interest costs and adversely affect our financial performance.

Many  long-life  assets  are  interest  rate  sensitive.  Increases  in  interest  rates  will,  other  things  being  equal,  decrease  the 
value of an asset by reducing the present value of the cash flows expected to be produced by such asset. As the value of 
an  asset  declines  as  a  result  of  interest  rate  increases,  certain  financial  and  other  covenants  under  credit  agreements 
governing  such  asset  could  be  breached,  even  if  we  have  satisfied  and  continue  to  satisfy  our  payment  obligations 
thereunder. Such a breach could result in negative consequences on our financial performance and results of operations.

Additionally, any of our debt or preferred shares that are subject to variable interest rates, either as an obligation with a 
variable interest rate or as an obligation with a fixed interest rate that resets into a variable interest rate in the future, are 
subject to interest rate risk. Further, the value of any debt or preferred share that is subject to a fixed interest rate will be 
determined based on the prevailing interest rates and, accordingly, this type of debt or preferred share is also subject to 
interest rate risk.

Although  interest  rates  have  remained  at  relatively  low  levels  on  a  historical  basis,  in  many  jurisdictions  in  which  we 
operate, a period of sharply rising interest rates may cause certain market dislocations that could negatively impact our 
financial performance, increase the cost and availability of debt financing and thereby negatively impact the ability of 
our managed assets to obtain attractive financing or refinancing and could increase the cost of such financing if obtained. 
Many factors may impact us and our managed assets, including interest rate increases, which would impact the amount 
of revenue generated by our managed assets and may lead to an increase in the amount of cash required to service our 
obligations.

The Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”) in the United Kingdom ceased compelling banks to submit rates for the 
calculation  of  LIBOR  in  2021.  In  response,  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  and  the  Federal  Reserve  Bank  of  New  York 
organized  the  Alternative  Reference  Rates  Committee  which  identified  as  its  preferred  alternative  to  USD  LIBOR  in 
derivatives and other financial contracts. In November 2020, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the benchmark 
administrator for USD LIBOR rates, proposed extending the publication of certain commonly-used USD LIBOR settings 
until June 30, 2023 and the FCA issued a statement supporting such proposal. It is not possible to predict the effect of 
these changes, including when LIBOR will cease to be available or when there will be sufficient liquidity in the SOFR 
markets.

We may have outstanding debt and derivatives with variable rates that are indexed to LIBOR. The discontinuance of, or 
changes to, benchmark interest rates may require adjustments to agreements to which we and other market participants 
are  parties,  as  well  as  to  related  systems  and  processes.  In  the  transition  from  the  use  of  LIBOR  to  SOFR  or  other 
alternatives, uncertainty exists as to the extent and manner of which future changes may result in interest rates and/or 
payments  that  are  higher  than  or  lower  than  or  that  do  not  otherwise  correlate  over  time  with  the  interest  rates  and/or 
payments that would have been made on our obligations if LIBOR was available in its current form. Use of alternative 
interest rates or other LIBOR reforms could result in increased volatility or a tightening of credit markets which could 
adversely affect our ability to obtain cost-effective financing. In addition, the transition of our existing LIBOR financing 

32                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

agreements  to  alternative  benchmarks  may  result  in  unanticipated  changes  to  the  overall  interest  rate  paid  on  our 
liabilities.

Our revenues may be adversely affected by a decline in the size or pace of investments made by our managed assets.

The  revenues  that  we  earn  are  driven  in  part  by  the  pace  at  which  our  funds  make  investments  and  the  size  of  those 
investments, and a decline in the pace or the size of such investments may reduce our revenues. In particular, in recent 
years we have meaningfully increased the number of perpetual strategies we offer and the assets under management in 
such strategies. The fees we earn from our perpetual capital strategies represent a significant and growing portion of our 
overall revenues. If our funds, including our perpetual capital strategies, are unable to deploy capital at a sufficient pace, 
our revenues would be adversely impacted. Many factors could cause a decline in the pace of investment, including a 
market  environment  characterized  by  relative  high  prices,  the  inability  of  our  investment  professionals  to  identify 
attractive  investment  opportunities,  competition  for  such  opportunities  among  other  potential  acquirers,  decreased 
availability  of  capital  on  attractive  terms.  Further,  we  may  fail  to  consummate  identified  investment  opportunities 
because of business, regulatory or legal complexities or uncertainty and adverse developments in the markets in which 
we  operate,  financial  markets  or  geopolitical  conditions,  and  our  ability  to  deploy  capital  in  certain  countries  may  be 
adversely impacted by government policy changes and regulations.

Our revenue, earnings, net income and cash flow can materially vary from quarter to quarter, which may affect our 
earnings growth and dividend on a quarterly basis and can affect the trading price of the Class A Shares.

Our revenue, net income and cash flow, substantially all of which is derived from our asset management business, can 
vary materially due to our reliance on incentive distributions and performance-based returns, such as carried interest. We 
may  experience  fluctuations  in  our  results,  including  our  revenue  and  net  income,  from  quarter  to  quarter  due  to  a 
number of other factors, including timing of realizations, changes in the valuations of our funds’ investments, changes in 
the amount of distributions, dividends or interest paid in respect of investments, changes in our operating expenses, the 
degree to which we encounter competition and general economic and market conditions. Achieving steady growth in net 
income and cash flow on a quarterly basis may be difficult, which could in turn cause our dividend and our ability to pay 
dividends  to  fluctuate  and  lead  to  large  adverse  movements  or  general  increased  volatility  in  the  price  of  the  Class  A 
Shares.  See  Item  5.A  “Operating  Results  —  Dividend  Policy”.  We  also  do  not  provide  any  guidance  regarding  our 
expected  quarterly  and  annual  operating  results.  The  lack  of  guidance  may  affect  the  expectations  of  public  market 
analysts and could cause increased volatility in the Class A Shares.

Our cash flow may fluctuate significantly due to the fact that we receive carried interest from certain of our funds only 
when  investments  are  realized  and  achieve  a  certain  preferred  return.  The  payment  of  performance-based  returns, 
including carried interest, depends on the applicable funds’ performance and opportunities for realizing gains, which may 
be  limited.  It  takes  a  substantial  period  of  time  to  identify  attractive  investment  opportunities,  to  raise  all  the  funds 
needed  to  make  an  investment  and  then  to  realize  the  cash  value  (or  other  proceeds)  of  an  investment  through  a  sale, 
public offering, recapitalization or other exit. Even if an investment proves to be profitable, it may be a number of years 
before  any  profits  can  be  realized  in  cash  (or  other  proceeds).  We  cannot  predict  when,  or  if,  any  realization  of 
investments will occur.

The mark-to-market valuations of investments made by our funds are subject to volatility driven by economic and market 
conditions. Economic and market conditions may also negatively impact our realization opportunities.

The valuations of and realization opportunities for investments made by our funds could also be subject to high volatility 
as  a  result  of  uncertainty  regarding  governmental  policy  with  respect  to,  among  other  things,  tax,  financial  services 
regulation, international trade, immigration, healthcare, labor, infrastructure and energy.

In addition, upon the realization of a profitable investment by any of our funds featuring performance-based returns and 
prior to our receiving any carried interest in respect of that investment, 100% of the proceeds of that investment must 
generally be paid to the investors in such fund until they have recovered certain fees and expenses and achieved a certain 
return  on  all  realized  investments  by  that  fund  as  well  as  a  recovery  of  any  unrealized  losses.  A  particular  realization 
event may have a significant impact on our results for that particular quarter that may not be replicated in subsequent 
quarters. We recognize revenue on investments in our funds based on our allocable share of realized and unrealized gains 
(or losses) reported by such funds, and a decline in realized or unrealized gains, or an increase in realized or unrealized 
losses,  would  adversely  affect  our  revenue  and  possibly  cash  flow,  which  could  further  increase  the  volatility  of  our 
quarterly  results.  Because  our  funds  have  preferred  return  thresholds  to  investors  that  need  to  be  met  prior  to  our 
receiving  any  carried  interest  or  other  performance-based  returns,  substantial  declines  in  the  carrying  value  of  the 

FORM 20-F                 33

investment  portfolios  of  such  funds  can  significantly  delay  or  eliminate  any  performance-based  returns  paid  to  us  in 
respect of that fund since the value of the assets in the fund would need to recover to their aggregate cost basis plus the 
preferred  return  over  time  before  we  would  be  entitled  to  receive  any  performance-based  returns,  including  carried 
interest, from that fund.

The timing and receipt of performance-based returns also varies with the life cycle of our funds. During periods in which 
a relatively large portion of our assets under management is attributable to funds and investments in their “harvesting” 
period, our funds would make larger distributions than in the fundraising or investment periods that precede harvesting. 
During periods in which a significant portion of our assets under management is attributable to funds that are not in their 
harvesting periods, we may receive substantially lower performance-based returns, including carried interest.

The varying frequency of payments of our different funds and strategies will contribute to the volatility of our cash flow. 
Furthermore, we earn this incentive income only if the net asset value of a vehicle has increased or, in the case of certain 
vehicles, increased beyond a particular return threshold, or if the vehicle has earned a net profit. Certain of these vehicles 
also  have  “high  water  marks”  whereby  we  do  not  earn  incentive  income  during  a  particular  period  even  though  the 
vehicle  had  positive  returns  in  such  period  as  a  result  of  losses  in  prior  periods.  If  one  of  these  vehicles  experiences 
losses, we will not earn incentive income from it until it surpasses the previous high water mark. The incentive income 
we  earn  is  therefore  dependent  on  the  net  asset  value  or  the  net  profit  of  the  vehicle,  which  could  lead  to  significant 
volatility in our results.

Our access to retail investors and selling retail directed products in numerous jurisdictions opens us up to potential 
litigation and regulatory enforcement risks.

We recently created a business group in partnership with the Oaktree Business to serve the global wealth management 
channel, delivering access to Brookfield and the Oaktree Business's private and public funds. Our goal is to increase the 
number and type of investment products we offer to high-net-worth individuals and mass affluent investors in the U.S. 
and  other  jurisdictions  around  the  world.  In  some  cases,  our  unregistered  funds  are  distributed  to  retail  investors 
indirectly  through  third-party  managed  vehicles  sponsored  by  brokerage  firms,  private  banks  or  third-party  feeder 
providers,  and  in  other  cases  directly  to  the  qualified  clients  of  private  banks,  independent  investment  advisors  and 
brokers. In other cases, we create investment products specifically designed for direct investment by retail investors in 
the U.S., some of whom are not accredited investors, or similar investors in non-U.S. jurisdictions, including in Europe. 
Such  investment  products  are  regulated  by  the  SEC  in  the  U.S.  and  by  other  similar  regulatory  bodies  in  other 
jurisdictions.

Accessing  retail  investors  and  selling  retail  directed  products  expose  us  to  new  and  greater  levels  of  risk,  including 
heightened  litigation  and  regulatory  enforcement  risks.  To  the  extent  distribution  of  retail  products  is  through  new 
channels,  including  through  an  increasing  number  of  distributors  with  whom  we  engage,  we  may  not  be  able  to 
effectively monitor or control the manner of their distribution, which could result in litigation or regulatory action against 
us, including with respect to, among other things, claims that products distributed through such channels are distributed 
to customers for whom they are unsuitable or that they are distributed in an otherwise inappropriate manner. Although 
we seek to ensure through due diligence and onboarding procedures that the third-party channels through which retail 
investors  access  our  investment  products  conduct  themselves  responsibly,  we  are  exposed  to  the  risks  of  reputational 
damage  and  legal  liability  to  the  extent  such  third  parties  improperly  sell  our  products  to  investors.  This  risk  is 
heightened by the continuing increase in the number of third parties through whom we distribute our investment products 
around  the  world  and  who  we  do  not  control.  For  example,  in  certain  cases,  we  may  be  viewed  by  a  regulator  as 
responsible for the content of materials prepared by third-party distributors.

Similarly, there is a risk that employees involved in the direct distribution of our products, or employees who oversee 
independent advisors, brokerage firms and other third parties around the world involved in distributing our products, do 
not follow our compliance and supervisory procedures. In addition, the distribution of retail products, including through 
new channels whether directly or through market intermediaries, could expose us to allegations of improper conduct and/
or actions by state and federal regulators in the U.S. and regulators in jurisdictions outside of the U.S. with respect to, 
among other things, product suitability, investor classification, compliance with securities laws, conflicts of interest and 
the adequacy of disclosure to customers to whom our products are distributed through those channels.

As we expand the distribution of products to retail investors outside of the U.S., we are increasingly exposed to risks in 
non-U.S. jurisdictions. While these risks are similar to those that we face in the distribution of products to retail investors 
in  the  U.S.,  securities  laws  and  other  applicable  regulatory  regimes  in  many  jurisdictions,  including  the  U.K.  and  the 

34                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

European Economic Area, are extensive, complex, and vary by local jurisdiction. As a result, this expansion subjects us 
to additional litigation and regulatory risk.

In  addition,  our  initiatives  to  expand  our  retail  investor  base,  including  outside  of  the  U.S.,  require  the  investment  of 
significant time, effort and resources, including the potential hiring of additional personnel, the implementation of new 
operational,  compliance  and  other  systems  and  processes  and  the  development  or  implementation  of  new  technology. 
There is no assurance that our efforts to grow our retail assets under management will be successful.

Ineffective  maintenance  of  our  culture,  or  ineffective  management  of  human  capital  could  adversely  impact  our 
business and financial performance.

Our ability to compete effectively in our business will depend upon our ability to attract new employees and retain and 
motivate  our  existing  employees.  Our  senior  management  team  has  a  significant  role  in  our  success  and  oversees  the 
execution of our investment strategies. If we are unable to attract and retain qualified employees, our ability to compete 
successfully  and  achieve  our  business  objectives  could  be  limited,  and  our  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations could be negatively impacted.

Our  ability  to  retain  and  motivate  our  management  team,  attract  suitable  replacements  should  any  members  of  our 
management team leave, or attract new investment professionals as our business grows, is dependent on, among other 
things,  the  competitive  nature  of  the  employment  market  and  the  career  opportunities  and  compensation  that  we  can 
offer.  In  all  of  our  markets,  we  face  intense  competition  in  connection  with  the  attraction  and  retention  of  qualified 
employees.

We may experience departures of key professionals in the future. We cannot predict the impact that any such departures 
will  have  on  our  ability  to  achieve  our  objectives.  Our  senior  management  team  possesses  substantial  experience  and 
expertise and has strong business relationships with investors in our managed assets and other members of the business 
communities  and  industries  in  which  we  operate.  As  a  result,  the  loss  of  these  personnel  could  jeopardize  our 
relationships  with  investors  in  our  managed  assets  and  other  members  of  the  business  communities  and  industries  in 
which  we  operate  and  result  in  the  reduction  of  our  assets  under  management  or  fewer  investment  opportunities. 
Accordingly, the loss of services from key professionals or a limitation in their availability could adversely impact our 
financial condition and cash flow. Furthermore, such a loss could be negatively perceived in the capital markets.

Additionally,  the  departure  of  certain  individuals  could  trigger  certain  “key  person”  provisions  in  the  documentation 
governing certain of our private funds, which would permit the limited partners of those funds to suspend or terminate 
the funds’ investment periods or withdraw their capital prior to the expiration of the applicable lock-up date. Our key 
person  provisions  vary  by  both  strategy  and  fund  and,  with  respect  to  each  strategy  and  fund,  are  typically  tied  to 
multiple individuals, meaning that it would require the departure of more than one individual to trigger the key person 
provisions. Our human capital risks may be exacerbated by the fact that we do not maintain any key person insurance.

The  conduct  of  our  business  and  the  execution  of  our  strategy  rely  heavily  on  teamwork.  Our  continued  ability  to 
respond  promptly  to  opportunities  and  challenges  as  they  arise  depends  on  co-operation  and  co-ordination  across  our 
organization and our team-oriented management structure, which may not materialize in the way we expect.

A  portion  of  the  workforce  in  some  of  our  managed  assets  is  unionized.  If  we  are  unable  to  negotiate  acceptable 
collective  bargaining  agreements  with  any  of  our  unions  as  existing  agreements  expire,  we  could  experience  a  work 
stoppage,  which  could  result  in  a  significant  disruption  to  the  affected  operations,  higher  ongoing  labor  costs  and 
restrictions on our ability to maximize the efficiency of our operations, all of which could have an adverse effect on our 
financial results.

Political instability, changes in government policy or unfamiliar cultural factors could adversely impact the value of 
our investments.

We are subject to geopolitical uncertainties in all jurisdictions in which we operate. We make investments in businesses 
that are based outside of North America and we may pursue investments in unfamiliar markets, which may expose us to 
additional risks not typically associated with investing in North America. We may not properly adjust to the local culture 
and business practices in such markets, and there is the prospect that we may hire personnel or partner with local persons 
who might not comply with our culture and ethical business practices; either scenario could result in the failure of our 
initiatives  in  new  or  existing  markets  and  lead  to  financial  losses  for  us  and  our  managed  assets.  There  are  risks  of 
political instability in several of our major markets and in other parts of the world in which we conduct business from 
factors  such  as  political  conflict,  income  inequality,  refugee  migration,  terrorism,  potential  break-up  of  political-

FORM 20-F                 35

economic unions and political corruption; the materialization of one or more of these risks could negatively affect our 
financial performance.

For example, recent military tensions and conflict in Eastern Europe could contribute to global economic uncertainty and 
could  significantly  disrupt  the  free  movement  of  goods,  services  and  people,  have  a  destabilizing  effect  on  energy 
markets and result in potential higher costs of conducting business in Europe. Similarly, an inability of local and national 
governments to effectively manage ongoing political disputes could result in local, regional and/or global instability. The 
materialization of one or more of these risks could negatively affect our financial performance and adversely impact our 
business.

The transition period following the U.K.’s formal departure from the E.U. ended on December 31, 2020 (“Brexit”), and 
E.U. law no longer applies in the U.K. There remains uncertainty related to the relationship between the U.K. and the 
E.U. and it is difficult to predict what the future economic, tax, fiscal, legal, regulatory and other implications of Brexit 
will  be  for  the  asset  management  industry  and  the  broader  European  and  global  financial  markets  generally.  Future 
impacts  could  include  increased  legal  and  regulatory  complexities,  as  well  as  potentially  higher  costs  of  conducting 
business in Europe, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

Any  existing  or  new  operations  may  be  subject  to  significant  political,  economic  and  financial  risks,  which  vary  by 
country,  and  may  include:  (i)  changes  in  government  policies  and  regulations,  including  protectionist  policies,  or 
personnel; (ii) changes in general economic or social conditions; (iii) restrictions on currency transfer or convertibility; 
(iv) changes in labor relations; (v) military conflict, political instability and civil unrest; (vi) less developed or efficient 
financial  markets  than  in  North  America;  (vii)  the  absence  of  uniform  accounting,  auditing  and  financial  reporting 
standards, practices and disclosure requirements; (viii) less government supervision and regulation; (ix) a less developed 
legal  or  regulatory  environment;  (x)  heightened  exposure  to  corruption  risk;  (xi)  political  hostility  to  investments  by 
foreign investors; (xii) less publicly available information in respect of companies in non-North American markets; (xiii) 
adversely  higher  or  lower  rates  of  inflation;  (xiv)  higher  transaction  costs;  (xv)  difficulty  in  enforcing  contractual 
obligations and expropriation or confiscation of assets; and (xvi) fewer investor protections.

In  addition  to  the  risks  noted  above,  as  a  result  of  the  ongoing  prevalence  of  COVID-19,  future  developments  may 
include the risk of new and potentially more severe variant strains of COVID-19 and additional actions that may be taken 
to contain COVID-19, such as reimposing previously lifted measures or putting in place additional restrictions, and the 
pace, availability, distribution, acceptance and effectiveness of vaccines. Such developments, depending on their nature, 
duration and intensity, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or 
cash flows.

Unforeseen political events in markets where we have significant investors and/or where we have managed assets or may 
look  to  for  further  growth  of  our  assets  and  businesses,  such  as  the  U.S.,  Canadian,  Brazilian,  Australian,  European, 
Middle  Eastern  and  Asian  markets,  may  create  economic  uncertainty  that  has  a  negative  impact  on  our  financial 
performance. Such uncertainty could cause disruptions to our businesses, including affecting our managed assets and/or 
our  relationships  with  our  investors,  customers  and  suppliers,  as  well  as  altering  the  relationship  among  tariffs  and 
currencies, including the value of the British pound and the Euro relative to the U.S. dollar. Disruptions and uncertainties 
could  adversely  affect  our  financial  condition,  operating  results  and  cash  flows.  In  addition,  political  outcomes  in  the 
markets in which we operate may also result in legal uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations, 
which can contribute to general economic uncertainty. Economic uncertainty impacting us and our managed assets could 
be exacerbated by supply chain disruptions, trade policy and geopolitical tensions.

Unfavourable  economic  conditions  or  changes  in  the  industries  in  which  we  operate  could  adversely  impact  our 
financial performance.

We  are  exposed  to  local,  regional,  national  and  international  economic  conditions  and  other  events  and  occurrences 
beyond our control, including, but not limited to, the following: short-term and long-term interest rates; inflation; credit 
and  capital  market  volatility;  business  investment  levels;  government  spending  levels;  sovereign  debt  risks;  consumer 
spending  levels;  changes  in  laws,  rules  or  regulations;  trade  barriers;  supply  chain  disruptions;  commodity  prices; 
currency exchange rates and controls; national and international political circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts or 
security operations); catastrophic events (including pandemics/ epidemics such as COVID-19, earthquakes, tornadoes or 
floods);  the  rate  and  direction  of  economic  growth;  and  general  economic  uncertainty.  On  a  global  basis,  certain 
industries  and  sectors  have  created  capacity  that  anticipated  higher  growth,  which  has  caused  volatility  across  all 
markets, including commodity markets, which may have a negative impact on our financial performance. Unfavourable 
economic conditions could affect the jurisdictions in which our entities are formed and where we and our managed assets 

36                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

operate  businesses,  and  may  cause  a  reduction  in:  (i)  securities  prices;  (ii)  the  liquidity  of  investments  made  by  our 
managed assets; (iii) the value or performance of the investments made by our managed assets; and (iv) the ability of us 
and our managed assets to raise or deploy capital, each of which could adversely impact our financial condition.

In general, a decline in economic conditions, either in the markets or industries in which our strategies invest, or both, 
will result in downward pressure on our operating margins and asset values as a result of lower demand and increased 
price competition for the services and products that we provide. In particular, given the importance of the U.S. to our 
operations, an economic downturn in this market could have a significant adverse effect on our operating margins and 
asset values.

Many of our private funds have a finite life that may require us to exit an investment made in a fund at an inopportune 
time. Volatility in the exit markets for these investments, increasing levels of capital required to finance companies to 
exit and rising enterprise value thresholds to go public or complete a strategic sale can all contribute to the risk that we 
will not be able to exit a private fund investment successfully. We cannot always control the timing of our private fund 
investment exits or our realizations upon exit. See “—Actions or conduct that have a negative impact on our investors’ or 
stakeholders’ perception of us could adversely impact our ability to attract and/or retain investor capital and generate fee 
revenue”. If global economic conditions deteriorate, our investment performance could suffer, resulting in, for example, 
the payment of less or no carried interest to us. The payment of less or no carried interest to us could cause our cash flow 
from operations to decrease, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity position and the amount of cash we 
have  on  hand  to  conduct  our  operations.  A  reduction  in  our  cash  flow  from  our  Fee-Bearing  Capital  strategies  and 
products  could,  in  turn,  require  us  to  rely  on  other  sources  of  cash  such  as  the  capital  markets,  which  may  not  be 
available to us on acceptable terms, or debt and other forms of leverage.

In addition, in an economic downturn, there is an increased risk of default by counterparties to our investments and other 
transactions. In these circumstances, it is more likely that such transactions will fail or perform poorly, which may in turn 
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation and financial condition.

Catastrophic events (or combination of events), such as earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, fires, pandemics/ epidemics 
such as COVID-19, climate change, military conflict/war or terrorism/sabotage, could adversely impact our financial 
performance.

Our  managed  assets  could  be  exposed  to  effects  of  catastrophic  events,  such  as  severe  weather  conditions,  natural 
disasters,  major  accidents,  pandemics/epidemics  such  as  COVID-19  (including  the  emergence  and  progression  of  new 
variants),  acts  of  malicious  destruction,  climate  change,  war/military  conflict  or  terrorism,  which  could  materially 
adversely impact our operations.

A local, regional, national or international outbreak of a contagious disease, such as COVID-19, which spread across the 
globe  at  a  rapid  pace  impacting  global  commercial  activity  and  travel,  or  future  public  health  crises,  epidemics  or 
pandemics, could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition due to disruptions to 
commerce, reduced economic activity and other unforeseen consequences that are beyond our control.

COVID-19 and actions taken in response to COVID-19 by government authorities across various geographies in which 
we  and  our  managed  assets  operate  interrupted  business  activities  and  supply  chains,  disrupted  travel,  contributed  to 
significant volatility in the financial markets, impacted social conditions and adversely affected local, regional, national 
and  international  economic  conditions  as  well  as  the  labor  market.  There  can  be  no  assurance  that  strategies  that  we 
employ to address potential disruptions in operations will mitigate the adverse impacts of any of these factors.

Natural disasters and ongoing changes to the physical climate in which we and our managed assets operate may have an 
adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Changes in weather patterns or 
extreme  weather  (such  as  floods,  droughts,  hurricanes  and  other  storms)  may  negatively  affect  our  managed  assets’ 
operations or damage assets that we may own or develop. Further, rising sea levels could, in the future, affect the value 
of  any  low-lying  coastal  real  assets  that  we  may  manage.  Climate  change  may  increase  the  frequency  and  severity  of 
severe weather conditions and may change existing weather patterns in ways that are difficult to anticipate. Responses to 
these changes could result in higher costs, such as the imposition of new property taxes and increases in insurance rates 
or additional capital expenditures.

Our managed assets forming part of our commercial office strategy are concentrated in large metropolitan areas, some of 
which  have  been  or  may  be  perceived  to  be  threatened  by  terrorist  attacks  or  acts  of  war.  Furthermore,  many  of  such 
properties consist of high rise buildings that may also be subject to this actual or perceived threat. The perceived threat of 
a terrorist attack or outbreak of war could negatively impact our ability to lease office space in our managed real estate 

FORM 20-F                 37

portfolio. Renewable power and infrastructure assets that we manage, such as roads, railways, power generation facilities 
and ports, may also be targeted by terrorist organizations or in acts of war. Any damage or business interruption costs as 
a result of uninsured or underinsured acts of terrorism or war could result in a material cost to us and could adversely 
affect our business, financial condition or results of operation. Adequate terrorism insurance may not be available at rates 
we believe to be reasonable in the future. These risks could be heightened by foreign policy decisions of the U.S. (where 
we have significant operations) and other influential countries or general geopolitical conditions.

Additionally,  our  managed  assets  rely  on  free  movement  of  goods,  services  and  capital  from  around  the  globe.  Any 
slowdown  in  international  investment,  business  or  trade  as  a  result  of  catastrophic  events  could  also  have  a  material 
adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Deficiencies in our public company financial reporting and disclosures could adversely impact our reputation.

As we expand the size and scope of our business, there is a greater susceptibility that our financial reporting and other 
public disclosure documents may contain material misstatements and that the controls we maintain to attempt to ensure 
the  complete  accuracy  of  our  public  disclosures  may  fail  to  operate  as  intended.  The  occurrence  of  such  events  could 
adversely  impact  our  reputation  and  financial  condition.  In  addition,  we  disclose  certain  metrics  that  do  not  have 
standardized  meaning,  are  based  on  our  own  methodologies  and  assumptions  and  may  not  properly  convey  the 
information they purport to reflect.

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting to give 
our stakeholders assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements 
for external purposes in conformity with U.S. GAAP. However, the process for establishing and maintaining adequate 
internal controls over financial reporting has inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error. In addition, 
we may exclude recently acquired companies from our evaluation of internal controls.

Our internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements in our financial disclosures on a 
timely basis, or at all. Some of these processes may be new for certain subsidiaries in our structure, and in the case of 
acquisitions, may take time to be fully implemented.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide assurance that information required to be disclosed by us 
in reports filed or submitted under Canadian and U.S. securities laws is recorded, processed, summarized and reported 
within  the  time  periods  specified.  Our  policies  and  procedures  governing  disclosures  may  not  ensure  that  all  material 
information  regarding  us  is  disclosed  in  a  proper  and  timely  fashion,  or  that  we  will  be  successful  in  preventing  the 
disclosure of material information to a single person or a limited group of people before such information is generally 
disseminated.

The  Manager  uses  the  equity  method  of  accounting  for  its  interest  in  our  asset  management  business,  and  our  asset 
management business’ results will not be consolidated into our financial statements, and therefore the recording of our 
asset  management  business’  transactions  into  its  accounts  is  not  part  of  the  Manager’s  internal  control  structure.  The 
Manager  expects  to  provide  Asset  Management  Company  stand-alone  financial  statements.  However,  our  asset 
management business will not be independently required to meet Sarbanes-Oxley requirements and the Manager will not 
have the same control and certification processes with respect to the information on our asset management business that 
it would have if it were a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Manager.

If the Manager or our auditors were to conclude that our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective in 
respect of any reporting period, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information and the price of our 
Class  A  Shares  could  decline.  Our  failure  to  achieve  and  maintain  effective  internal  controls  could  have  a  material 
adverse effect on our business, our ability to access capital markets and our reputation. In addition, material weaknesses 
in our internal controls could require significant expense and management time to remediate.

Ineffective  management  of  environmental  and  sustainability  issues,  including  climate  change,  and  inadequate  or 
ineffective health and safety programs could damage our reputation, adversely impact our financial performance and 
lead to regulatory action.

There is increasing stakeholder interest in ESG considerations and how they are managed. ESG considerations include 
climate  change,  human  capital  and  labor  management,  corporate  governance,  diversity  and  privacy  and  data  security, 
among others. Increasingly, investors and lenders are incorporating ESG considerations into their investment or lending 
process, respectively, alongside traditional financial considerations. Investors or potential investors may not invest in all 
our products given certain industries in which we operate. If we are unable to successfully integrate ESG considerations 

38                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

into our practices, we may incur a higher cost of capital, lower interest in our debt securities and/or equity securities or 
otherwise face a negative impact on our business, operating results and cash flows and result in reputational damage.

Certain  of  our  managed  assets  may  be  subject  to  compliance  with  laws,  regulations,  regulatory  rules  and/or  guidance 
relating to ESG, and any failure to comply with these laws, regulations, regulatory rules or guidance could expose us to 
material adverse consequences, including loss, limitations on our ability to undertake licensable business, legal liabilities, 
financial  and  non-financial  sanctions  and  penalties,  and/or  reputational  damage.  New  ESG  requirements  imposed  by 
jurisdictions in which we do business, such as the EU Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (2019/2088), could (a) 
result in additional compliance costs, disclosure obligations or other implications or restrictions; and/or (b) impact our 
established business practices, cost base and, by extension, our profitability.

ESG-related requirements and market practices differ by region, industry and issue and are evolving dynamically, and 
the sustainability requirements applicable to us, our managed assets or our assessment of such requirements or practices 
may  change  over  time.  Under  emerging  sustainability  requirements,  we  may  be  required  to  classify  our  businesses 
against, or determine the alignment of underlying investments under, ESG-related legislative and regulatory criteria and 
taxonomies,  some  of  which  can  be  open  to  subjective  interpretation.  Our  view  on  the  appropriate  classifications  may 
develop  over  time,  including  in  response  to  statutory  or  regulatory  guidance  or  changes  in  industry  approach  to 
classification. A change to the relevant classification may require further actions to be taken, for example it may require 
further  disclosures,  or  it  may  require  new  processes  to  be  set  up  to  capture  data,  which  may  lead  to  additional  cost, 
disclosure obligations or other implications or restrictions.

The transition to a lower-carbon economy has the potential to be disruptive to traditional business models and investment 
strategies. Efforts to limit global warming may give rise to changes in regulations, reporting and consumer sentiment that 
could have a negative impact on our existing operations by increasing the costs of operating our business or reducing 
demand for our products and services. The adverse effects of climate change and related regulation at state, provincial, 
federal  or  international  levels  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  financial  position,  results  of 
operations or cash flows.

The ownership and operation of some of our managed assets carry varying degrees of inherent risk or liability related to 
worker  health  and  safety  and  the  environment,  including  the  risk  of  government-imposed  orders  to  remedy  unsafe 
conditions  and  contaminated  lands  and  potential  civil  liability.  Compliance  with  health,  safety  and  environmental 
standards  and  the  requirements  set  out  in  the  relevant  licenses,  permits  and  other  approvals  obtained  by  the  managed 
assets is crucial.

Our  managed  assets  have  incurred  and  will  continue  to  incur  significant  capital  and  operating  expenditures  to  comply 
with  ESG  requirements,  including  health  and  safety  standards,  to  obtain  and  comply  with  licenses,  permits  and  other 
approvals, and to assess and manage potential liability exposure. Nevertheless, they may be unsuccessful in obtaining or 
maintaining  an  important  license,  permit  or  other  approval  or  become  subject  to  government  orders,  investigations, 
inquiries or other proceedings (including civil claims) relating to health, safety and environmental matters, any of which 
could have a material adverse effect on us.

Health, safety and environmental laws and regulations can change rapidly and significantly, and we and/or our managed 
assets may become subject to more stringent laws and regulations in the future. The occurrence of any adverse health, 
safety  or  environmental  event,  or  any  changes,  additions  to,  or  more  rigorous  enforcement  of,  health,  safety  and 
environmental standards, licenses, permits or other approvals could have a significant impact on operations and/or result 
in material expenditures.

Owners  and  operators  of  real  assets  may  become  liable  for  the  costs  of  removal  and  remediation  of  certain  hazardous 
substances  released  or  deposited  on  or  in  their  properties,  or  at  other  locations  regardless  of  whether  the  owner  and 
operator  caused  the  release  or  deposit  of  such  hazardous  materials.  These  costs  could  be  significant  and  could  reduce 
cash available for our managed assets. The failure to remove or remediate such substances, if any, could adversely affect 
our ability to sell our assets or to borrow using these assets as collateral, and could potentially result in claims or other 
proceedings.

Certain of our managed assets are involved in using, handling or transporting substances that are toxic, combustible or 
otherwise  hazardous  to  the  environment  and  may  be  in  close  proximity  to  environmentally  sensitive  areas  or  densely 
populated  communities.  If  a  leak,  spill  or  other  environmental  incident  occurred,  it  could  result  in  substantial  fines  or 
penalties being imposed by regulatory authorities, revocation of licenses or permits required to operate the business, the 

FORM 20-F                 39

imposition of more stringent conditions in those licenses or permits or legal claims for compensation (including punitive 
damages) by affected stakeholders.

Global ESG challenges, such as carbon emissions, privacy and data security, demographic shifts and regulatory pressures 
are  introducing  new  risk  factors  for  us  that  we  may  not  have  dealt  with  previously.  If  we  are  unable  to  successfully 
manage  our  ESG  compliance,  this  could  have  a  negative  impact  on  our  reputation  and  our  ability  to  raise  capital  and 
could be detrimental to our economic value and the value of our managed assets.

Failure to maintain the security of our information and technology systems could have a material adverse effect on 
us.

We  rely  on  certain  information  and  technology  systems,  including  the  systems  of  others  with  whom  we  do  business, 
which  may  be  subject  to  security  breaches  or  cyber-terrorism  intended  to  obtain  unauthorized  access  to  proprietary 
information or personally identifiable information, destroy data or disable, degrade or sabotage these systems, through 
the introduction of computer viruses, fraudulent emails, cyber-attacks or other means. Such acts of cyberterrorism could 
originate from a variety of sources including our own employees or unknown third parties. In the ordinary course of our 
business,  we  collect  and  store  sensitive  data,  including  personally  identifiable  information  of  our  employees  and  our 
clients.  Data  protection  and  privacy  rules  have  become  a  focus  for  regulators  globally.  For  instance,  the  European 
General  Data  Protection  Regulation  (“GDPR”)  amended  data  protection  rules  for  individuals  that  are  residents  of  the 
EU.  GDPR  imposes  stringent  rules  and  penalties  for  non-compliance,  which  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our 
business.

Although we take various measures to ensure the integrity of our systems and to safeguard against failures or security 
breaches,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  these  measures  will  provide  adequate  protection,  and  a  compromise  in  these 
systems  could  go  undetected  for  a  significant  period  of  time.  If  these  information  and  technology  systems  are 
compromised, we could suffer disruptions in our business or at our managed assets and experience, among other things, 
financial  loss;  a  loss  of  business  opportunities;  misappropriation  or  unauthorized  release  of  confidential  or  personal 
information;  damage  to  our  systems  and  those  with  whom  we  do  business;  violations  of  privacy  and  other  laws, 
litigation, regulatory penalties or remediation and restoration costs (particularly in light of increased regulatory focus on 
cyber-security  by  regulators  around  the  world);  as  well  as  increased  costs  to  maintain  our  systems.  This  could  have  a 
negative impact on our operating results and cash flows and result in reputational damage. See “Risks Relating to the 
Manager — Our organizational and ownership structure may create significant conflicts of interest that may be resolved 
in a manner that is not in the best interests of our company or the best interests of our shareholders”.

The failure of our information and technology systems, or those of our third-party service providers, could adversely 
impact our reputation and financial performance.

We and our managed assets are dependent on information systems and technology, and we rely on third-party service 
providers  to  manage  certain  aspects  of  our  businesses,  including  for  certain  information  systems  and  technology,  data 
processing  systems  and  the  secure  processing,  storage  and  transmission  of  information.  In  particular,  our  financial, 
accounting  and  communications  processes  are  all  conducted  through  data  processing  systems.  Our  information 
technology  and  communications  systems  and  those  of  our  third-party  service  providers  are  vulnerable  to  damages  or 
disruption  from  fire,  power  loss,  telecommunications  failure,  system  malfunctions,  natural  disasters,  acts  of  war  or 
terrorism, employee errors or malfeasance, computer viruses, cyber-attacks or other events that are beyond our control.

Our information systems and technology and those of the Corporation or our third-party vendors may not continue to be 
able to accommodate our growth and the cost of maintaining such systems may increase from its current level, either of 
which could have a material adverse effect on us.

Any  interruption  or  deterioration  in  the  performance  or  failures  of  the  information  systems  and  technology  that  are 
necessary for our businesses, including for business continuity purposes, could impair the quality of our operations and 
could adversely affect our business, financial condition and reputation.

We and our managed assets may become involved in legal disputes in Canada, the U.S. and internationally that could 
adversely impact our financial performance and reputation.

In the normal course of our and our managed assets’ businesses, we become involved in various legal actions, including 
claims  relating  to  personal  injury,  property  damage,  property  taxes,  land  rights  and  contract  and  other  commercial 
disputes. The investment decisions we make and the activities of our investment professionals on behalf of our managed 
assets may subject us and our managed assets to the risk of third-party litigation. Further, we have significant operations 

40                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

in  the  U.S.  which  may,  as  a  result  of  the  prevalence  of  litigation  in  the  U.S.,  be  more  susceptible  to  legal  action  than 
certain of our other competitors.

The final outcome with respect to outstanding, pending or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and the 
resolution of such actions may have an adverse effect on our financial position or results of our operations in a particular 
quarter or fiscal year. Any litigation may consume substantial amounts of our management’s time and attention, and that 
time and the devotion of these resources to litigation may, at times, be disproportionate to the amounts at stake in the 
litigation.  Even  if  ultimately  unsuccessful  against  us,  any  litigation  has  the  potential  to  adversely  affect  our  business, 
including by damaging our reputation.

Losses not covered by insurance may be large, which could adversely impact the assets under management.

We  and  our  managed  assets  carry  various  insurance  policies  in  relation  to  our  respective  business  activities.  These 
policies contain policy specifications, limits and deductibles that may mean that such policies do not provide coverage or 
sufficient coverage against all potential material losses. We or those also part of the group policy may also self-insure a 
portion of certain of these risks, and therefore we may not be able to recover from a third-party insurer in the event that 
we, if we had separate insurance coverage from a third party, could make a claim for recovery. There are certain types of 
risk (generally of a catastrophic nature such as war or environmental contamination) that are either uninsurable or not 
economically  insurable.  Further,  there  are  certain  types  of  risk  for  which  insurance  coverage  is  not  equal  to  the  full 
replacement cost of the insured assets.

Should any uninsured or underinsured loss occur, we could lose our anticipated profits and cash flows from one or more 
of our assets under management.

We also carry directors’ and officers’ liability insurance (“D&O insurance”) for losses or advancement of defense costs 
in  the  event  a  legal  action  is  brought  against  our  directors,  officers  or  employees  for  alleged  wrongful  acts  in  their 
capacity as directors, officers or employees. Our D&O insurance contains certain customary exclusions that may make it 
unavailable for us in the event it is needed; and in any case our D&O insurance may not be adequate to fully protect us 
against liability for the conduct of our directors, officers or employees. We may also self-insure a portion of our D&O 
insurance, and therefore we may not be able to recover from a third-party insurer in the event that we, if we had D&O 
insurance from a third-party insurer, could make a claim for recovery.

For  economic  efficiency  and  other  reasons,  we  may  enter  into  insurance  policies  as  a  group  (which  may  include  the 
Corporation) that are intended to provide coverage for the entire group. Where group policies are in place, any payments 
under such policy could have a negative impact on other entities covered under the policy as they may not be able to 
access adequate insurance in the event it is needed. While management attempts to design coverage limits under group 
policies  to  ensure  that  all  entities  covered  under  a  policy  have  access  to  sufficient  insurance  coverage,  there  are  no 
guarantees that these efforts will be effective in obtaining this result.

Inability to collect amounts owing to us could adversely impact financial performance.

Third  parties  may  not  fulfill  their  payment  obligations  to  us,  which  could  include  money,  securities  or  other  assets, 
thereby  impacting  our  operations  and  financial  results.  These  parties  include  deal  and  trading  counterparties, 
governmental agencies, customers and financial intermediaries. Third parties may default on their obligations to us due 
to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure, general economic conditions or other reasons.

We manage assets that loan money to distressed companies, either privately or via an investment in publicly traded debt 
securities. As a result, we actively take heightened credit risk in other entities from time to time and whether we realize 
satisfactory  investment  returns  on  these  loans  is  uncertain  and  may  be  beyond  our  control.  If  some  of  these  debt 
investments fail, our financial performance could be negatively impacted.

Investors in our private funds, including the Corporation and its affiliates, make capital commitments to these vehicles 
through the execution of subscription agreements. When a private fund makes an investment, these capital commitments 
are then satisfied by our investors via capital contributions. Investors in our private funds may default on their capital 
commitment obligations, which could have an adverse impact on our earnings or result in other negative implications to 
our business and our managed assets, such as the requirement to redeploy our own capital to cover such obligations. This 
impact would be magnified if the investor that does so is in multiple funds.

FORM 20-F                 41

Information  barriers  may  give  rise  to  certain  conflicts  and  risks  and  investment  teams  managing  the  activities  of 
businesses that operate on opposite sides of an information barrier will not be aware of, and will not have the ability 
to manage, such conflicts and risks.

Certain of our investment professionals operate largely independently of one another pursuant to an information barrier. 
The  information  barrier  restricts  businesses  on  opposite  sides  from  coordinating  or  consulting  with  one  another  with 
respect  to  investment  activities  and/or  decisions.  Accordingly,  these  businesses  manage  their  investment  operations 
independently of each other. The investment activities and decisions made by a business on one side of an information 
barrier  are  not  expected  to  be  subject  to  any  internal  approvals  by  any  person  who  would  have  knowledge  and/or 
decision-making  control  of  the  investment  activities  and  decisions  made  by  a  business  on  the  other  side  of  the 
information  barrier.  This  absence  of  coordination  and  consultation  will  give  rise  to  certain  conflicts  and  risks  in 
connection  with  the  activities  of  the  businesses  within  our  asset  management  strategies  and  make  it  more  difficult  to 
mitigate,  ameliorate  or  avoid  such  situations.  These  conflicts  (and  potential  conflicts)  of  interests  may  include:  (i) 
competing  from  time  to  time  for  the  same  investment  opportunities,  (ii)  the  pursuit  by  a  business  on  one  side  of  the 
information  barrier  of  investment  opportunities  suitable  for  a  business  on  the  other  side  of  the  information  barrier, 
without making such opportunities available to such business, and (iii) the formation or establishment of new strategies 
or  products  that  could  compete  or  otherwise  conduct  their  affairs  without  regard  as  to  whether  or  not  they  adversely 
impact the strategies or products of businesses operating on the other side of the information barrier. Investment teams 
managing  the  activities  of  businesses  that  operate  on  opposite  sides  of  an  information  barrier  are  not  expected  to  be 
aware  of,  and  will  not  have  the  need  or  ability  to  manage,  such  conflicts  which  may  impact  the  investment  strategy, 
performance and investment returns of certain businesses within our asset management strategies.

The investment professionals that operate on opposite sides of an information barrier are likely to be deemed affiliates 
for  purposes  of  certain  laws  and  regulations  notwithstanding  that  they  may  be  operationally  independent  from  one 
another. The information barrier does not eliminate the requirement to aggregate certain investment holdings for certain 
securities  laws  and  other  regulatory  purposes.  This  may  result  in,  among  other  things,  earlier  public  disclosure  of 
investments; restrictions on transactions (including the ability to make or dispose of certain investments at certain times); 
potential  short-swing  profit  disgorgement;  penalties  and/or  regulatory  remedies;  or  adverse  effects  on  the  prices  of 
investments for our investment professionals’ businesses that operate on the other side of such information barrier.

Although these information barriers are intended to address the potential conflicts of interests and regulatory, legal and 
contractual requirements applicable to us, we may decide, at any time and without notice to our shareholders, to remove 
or  modify  the  information  barriers.  In  addition,  there  may  be  breaches  (including  inadvertent  breaches)  of  the 
information  barriers  and  related  internal  controls.  In  the  event  that  the  information  barrier  is  removed  or  modified,  it 
would be expected that we will adopt certain protocols designed to address potential conflicts and other considerations 
relating to the management of the investment activities of those businesses that previously operated on opposite sides of 
an information barrier. See “Risks Relating to the Manager — Our organizational and ownership structure may create 
significant conflicts of interest that may be resolved in a manner that is not in the best interests of our company or the 
best interests of our shareholders”.

The breach or failure of our information barriers could result in the sharing of material non-public information between 
investment professionals that operate on opposite sides of an information barrier, which may restrict the acquisition or 
disposition activities of one of our strategies and ultimately impact the returns generated for our investors. In addition, 
any such breach or failure could also result in potential regulatory investigations and claims for securities laws violations 
in  connection  with  our  direct  and/or  indirect  investment  activities.  Any  inadvertent  trading  on  material  non-public 
information,  or  perception  of  trading  on  material  non-public  information  by  our  personnel,  could  have  a  significant 
adverse effect on our reputation, result in the imposition of regulatory or financial sanctions and negatively impact our 
ability to raise third-party capital and provide investment management services to our clients, all of which could result in 
negative financial impact to our investment activities.

We face risks specific to our renewable power and transition strategies.

Our renewable power and transition strategies invest in assets that are subject to changes in the weather, hydrology and 
price, but also include risks related to equipment or dam failure, counterparty performance, water rental costs, land rental 
costs, changes in regulatory requirements and other material disruptions.

The revenues generated by the power facilities we manage are correlated to the amount of electricity generated, which in 
turn is dependent upon available water flows, wind, irradiance and other elements beyond our control. Hydrology, wind 
and irradiance levels vary naturally from year to year and may also change permanently because of climate change or 

42                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

other  factors.  It  is  therefore  possible  that  low  water,  wind  and  irradiance  levels  at  certain  of  our  power  generating 
operations could occur at any time and potentially continue for indefinite periods.

A  portion  of  the  renewable  power  and  transition  revenue  is  tied,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  to  the  wholesale  market 
price for electricity, which is impacted by a number of external factors beyond our control. Additionally, a portion of the 
power  that  is  generated  is  sold  under  long-term  power  purchase  agreements,  shorter-term  financial  instruments  and 
physical  electricity  contracts  which  are  intended  to  mitigate  the  impact  of  fluctuations  in  wholesale  electricity  prices; 
however, they may not be effective in achieving this outcome. Certain of the power purchase agreements of our managed 
assets will be subject to re-contracting in the future. If the price of electricity in power markets is declining at the time of 
such re-contracting, it may impact our ability to re-negotiate or replace these contracts on terms that are acceptable to us. 
Conversely, what appears to be an attractive price at the time of re-contracting could, if power prices rise over the power 
purchase  agreement’s  term,  result  in  us  having  committed  to  sell  power  in  the  future  at  below  market  rate.  If  we  are 
unable to re-negotiate or replace these contracts, or unable to secure prices at least equal to the current prices we receive, 
our business, financial condition, results of operation and prospects could be adversely affected.

In our renewable power and transition portfolio, there is a risk of equipment failure due to wear and tear, latent defect, 
design error or operator error, among other things. The occurrence of such failures could result in a loss of generating 
capacity  and  repairing  such  failures  could  require  the  expenditure  of  significant  capital  and  other  resources.  Failures 
could also result in exposure to significant liability for damages due to harm to the environment, to the public generally 
or to specific third parties. Equipment that our renewable power and transition operations need, including spare parts and 
components required for project development, may become unavailable or difficult to procure, inhibiting our ability to 
maintain full availability of existing plants and also our ability to complete development projects on scope, schedule and 
budget.

In  certain  cases,  some  catastrophic  events  may  not  excuse  us  from  performing  our  obligations  pursuant  to  agreements 
with third parties and we may be liable for damages or suffer further losses as a result.

The ability of the platforms we manage to develop greenfield renewable power projects in our development pipeline may 
be  affected  by  a  number  of  factors,  including  the  ability  to  secure  approvals,  licenses  and  permits  and  the  ability  to 
secure  a  long-term  power  purchase  agreement  or  other  sales  contracts  on  reasonable  terms.  The  development  of  our 
pipeline of greenfield renewable power projects is also subject to environmental, engineering and construction risks that 
could result in cost-overruns, delays and reduced performance.

New regulatory initiatives related to ESG could adversely impact our managed assets. While we believe that regulatory 
initiatives  and  market  trends  towards  an  increased  focus  on  ESG  are  generally  beneficial  to  our  renewable  power  and 
transition group, any such regulatory initiatives also have the potential to adversely impact us. For example, regulatory 
initiatives  seeking  to  reorient  investment  toward  sustainability  by  regulating  green  financial  products  could  have  the 
effect of increasing burdensome disclosure requirements around ESG and prescribing approaches to ESG policies that 
are  inconsistent  with  our  current  practices.  If  regulators  disagree  with  the  ESG  disclosures  that  we  make,  or  with  the 
categorization  of  our  financial  products,  we  may  face  regulatory  enforcement  action,  and  our  business  or  reputation 
could be adversely affected.

We face risks specific to our infrastructure strategies.

Our infrastructure managed assets include utilities, transport, midstream and data businesses.

Our  infrastructure  assets  include  toll  roads,  telecommunication  towers,  electricity  transmission  systems,  terminal 
operations, electricity and gas distribution companies, rail networks, ports and data centers. The principal risks facing the 
regulated  and  unregulated  businesses  comprising  our  infrastructure  assets  relate  to  government  regulation,  general 
economic  conditions  and  other  material  disruptions,  counterparty  performance,  capital  expenditure  requirements  and 
land use.

Many  of  the  infrastructure  assets  we  manage  are  subject  to  forms  of  economic  regulation,  including  with  respect  to 
revenues. If any of the respective regulators in the jurisdictions in which we operate decides to change the tolls or rates 
we are allowed to charge or the amounts of the provisions we are allowed to collect, we may not be able to earn the rate 
of return on our investments that we had planned, or we may not be able to recover our initial cost.

General  economic  conditions  affect  international  demand  for  the  commodities  handled  and  services  provided  by 
operators  in  our  infrastructure  managed  assets.  A  downturn  in  the  economy  generally  or  specific  to  any  of  our 
infrastructure  managed  assets,  may  lead  to  a  reduction  in  volumes,  bankruptcies  or  liquidations  of  one  or  more  large 

FORM 20-F                 43

customers,  which  could  reduce  our  revenues,  increase  our  bad  debt  expense,  reduce  our  ability  to  make  capital 
expenditures or have other adverse effects on us.

Some of our managed assets have customer contracts as well as concession agreements in place with public and private 
sector  clients.  Our  managed  assets  with  customer  contracts  could  be  adversely  affected  by  any  material  change  in  the 
assets,  financial  condition  or  results  of  operations  of  such  customers.  Protecting  the  quality  of  our  revenue  streams 
through the inclusion of take-or-pay or guaranteed minimum volume provisions into our contracts is not always possible 
or fully effective.

Some  of  our  managed  assets  may  require  substantial  capital  expenditures  to  maintain  their  asset  base.  Any  failure  to 
make  necessary  expenditures  to  maintain  their  operations  could  impair  their  ability  to  serve  existing  customers  or 
accommodate increased volumes. In addition, we may not be able to recover investments in capital expenditures based 
upon the rates our operations are able to charge.

We face risks specific to our private equity strategies.

The  principal  risks  for  our  private  equity  managed  assets  are  potential  loss  of  invested  capital  as  well  as  insufficient 
investment  or  fee  income  to  cover  operating  expenses  and  cost  of  capital.  Our  private  equity  platform  is  exposed  to 
industrial,  business  services  and  infrastructure  services  businesses,  many  of  which  can  be  cyclical  and/or  illiquid  and 
therefore  may  be  difficult  to  monetize  at  our  discretion,  limiting  our  flexibility  to  react  to  changing  economic  or 
investment conditions. In addition, increasingly we have certain managed assets that provide goods and services directly 
to  consumers  across  a  variety  of  industries.  These  businesses  are  prone  to  greater  liabilities,  as  well  as  reputational, 
litigation  and  other  risks  by  virtue  of  being  more  public-facing  and  reliant  on  their  ability  to  develop  and  preserve 
consumer relationships and achieve consumer satisfaction.

Unfavourable  economic  conditions  could  negatively  impact  the  ability  of  our  managed  assets  to  repay  debt.  Adverse 
economic  conditions  facing  our  managed  assets  may  adversely  impact  the  value  of  our  investments  or  deplete  our 
financial or management resources. These investments are also subject to the risks inherent in the underlying businesses, 
some of which are facing difficult business conditions and may continue to do so for the foreseeable future. These risks 
are compounded by recent growth, as new acquisitions have increased the scale and scope of our operations, including in 
new geographic areas and industry sectors, and we may have difficulty managing these additional operations.

We may deploy our client’s capital in managed assets that are experiencing significant financial or business difficulties, 
including  companies  involved  in  work-outs,  liquidations,  spin-outs,  reorganizations,  bankruptcies  and  similar 
transactions. Such an investment entails the risk that the transaction will be unsuccessful, will take considerable time or 
will  result  in  a  distribution  of  cash  or  new  securities,  the  value  of  which  may  be  less  than  the  purchase  price  of  the 
securities in respect of which such distribution is received. In addition, if an anticipated transaction does not occur, we 
may be required to sell our investment at a loss. These managed assets may become subject to legal and/or regulatory 
proceedings  and  our  investment  may  be  adversely  affected  by  external  events  beyond  our  control,  leading  to  legal, 
indemnification or other expenses.

We  have  several  managed  assets  that  operate  in  the  highly  competitive  service  industry.  A  wide  variety  of  micro  and 
macroeconomic  factors  affecting  our  clients  and  over  which  we  have  no  control  can  impact  how  these  companies 
operate. For example, the majority of the revenue from our healthcare services businesses is derived from private health 
insurance  funds,  which  may  be  affected  by  a  deterioration  in  the  economic  climate,  a  change  in  economic  incentives, 
increases in private health insurance premiums and other factors. In addition, alternative technologies in the health care 
industry could impact the demand for, or use of, our services and could impair or eliminate the competitive advantage of 
our businesses in this industry.

Our  infrastructure  services  operations  include  companies  in  nuclear  technology  services,  marine  transportation  and 
scaffolding services. The nuclear fuel and power industries are heavily regulated and could be significantly impacted by 
changes in government policies and priorities such as increased regulation and/or more onerous operating requirements 
that  negatively  impact  our  nuclear  technology  services.  A  future  accident  at  a  nuclear  reactor  could  result  in  the 
shutdown of existing plants or impact the continued acceptance by the public and regulatory authorities of nuclear energy 
and  the  future  prospects  for  nuclear  generators.  Accidents,  terrorism,  natural  disasters  or  other  incidents  occurring  at 
nuclear facilities or involving shipments of nuclear materials could reduce the demand for nuclear technology services. 
Marine transportation and oil production are inherently risky, particularly in the extreme conditions in which many of 
our  vessels  operate.  An  incident  involving  significant  loss  of  product  or  environmental  contamination  by  any  of  our 
vessels  could  harm  our  reputation  and  business.  Our  scaffolding  services  business  is  subject  to  the  risks  inherent  to 

44                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

construction operations, including risks relating to seasonal fluctuations in the demand for our services, a dependence on 
labor and performance being materially impacted by a lack of availability of labor force or increases in the cost of labor 
available, and operational hazards that could result in personal injury or death, work stoppage or serious property and 
equipment damage.

We face risks specific to our real estate strategies.

Our  real  estate  strategies  invest  in  commercial  properties  and  are  therefore  exposed  to  certain  risks  inherent  in  the 
commercial real estate business. Commercial real estate investments are subject to varying degrees of risk depending on 
the nature of the property. These risks include changes in general economic conditions (such as the availability and cost 
of  mortgage  capital),  local  conditions  (such  as  an  oversupply  of  space  or  a  reduction  in  demand  for  real  estate  in  the 
markets in which we operate), the attractiveness of the properties to tenants, competition from other landlords and our 
ability to provide adequate maintenance at an economical cost.

Certain  expenditures,  including  property  taxes,  maintenance  costs,  mortgage  payments,  insurance  costs  and  related 
charges,  must  be  made  whether  or  not  a  property  is  producing  sufficient  income  to  service  these  expenses.  These 
commercial  properties  are  typically  subject  to  mortgages  that  require  debt  service  payments.  If  we  become  unable  or 
unwilling to meet mortgage payments on any property, losses could be sustained as a result of the mortgagee’s exercise 
of its rights of foreclosure or of sale.

Continuation of rental income is dependent on favourable leasing markets to ensure expiring leases are renewed and new 
tenants are found promptly to fill vacancies. It is possible that we may face a disproportionate amount of space expiring 
in any one year. Additionally, rental rates could decline, tenant bankruptcies could increase and tenant renewals may not 
be achieved, particularly in the event of an economic slowdown.

Our real estate strategies invest in businesses that operate in industries or geographies impacted by COVID-19. Many of 
these  are  facing  financial  and  operational  hardships  due  to  COVID-19  and  responses  to  it.  Adverse  impacts  on  our 
managed assets may include:

•

•

•

•

•

a  complete  or  partial  closure  of,  or  other  operational  issues  at,  one  or  more  of  our  properties  resulting  from 
government or tenant action;

a slowdown in business activity may severely impact our tenants’ businesses, financial condition and liquidity 
and may cause one or more of our tenants to be unable to fund their business operations, meet their obligations 
to us in full, or at all, or to otherwise seek modifications of such obligations;

an increase in re-leasing timelines, potential delays in lease-up of vacant space and the market rates at which 
such lease will be executed;

reduced  economic  activity  could  result  in  a  prolonged  recession,  which  could  negatively  impact  consumer 
discretionary spending; and

expected completion dates for our development and redevelopment projects may be subject to delay as a result 
of local economic conditions that may continue to be disrupted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The retail real estate assets in our managed assets are susceptible to any economic factors that have a negative impact on 
consumer  spending.  Lower  consumer  spending  would  have  an  unfavourable  effect  on  the  sales  of  our  retail  tenants, 
which  could  result  in  their  inability  or  unwillingness  to  make  all  payments  owing  to  us,  and  on  our  ability  to  keep 
existing  tenants  and  attract  new  tenants.  Significant  expenditures  associated  with  each  equity  investment  in  real  estate 
assets,  such  as  mortgage  payments,  property  taxes  and  maintenance  costs,  are  generally  not  reduced  when  there  is  a 
reduction  in  income  from  the  investment,  so  our  income  and  cash  flow  would  be  adversely  affected  by  a  decline  in 
income from our retail properties. In addition, low occupancy or sales at our retail properties, as a result of competition 
or  otherwise,  could  result  in  termination  of  or  reduced  rent  payable  under  certain  of  our  retail  leases,  which  could 
adversely affect our retail property revenues.

The hospitality and multifamily assets in our managed assets are subject to a range of operating risks common to these 
industries,  many  of  which  are  outside  our  control,  and  the  profitability  of  our  investments  in  these  industries  may  be 
adversely  affected  by  these  factors.  For  example,  our  hospitality  business  faces  risks  relating  to  climate  change; 
hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis and other natural and man-made disasters; the potential spread of contagious diseases 
such as COVID-19; and insect infestations more common to rental accommodations. Such factors could limit or reduce 
the demand for or the prices our hospitality properties are able to obtain for their accommodations or could increase our 

FORM 20-F                 45

costs  and  therefore  reduce  the  profitability  of  our  hospitality  businesses.  There  are  numerous  housing  alternatives  that 
compete  with  our  multifamily  properties,  including  other  multifamily  properties  as  well  as  condominiums  and  single-
family  homes.  This  competitive  environment  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  ability  to  lease  apartment 
homes at our present properties or any newly developed or acquired real estate, as well as on the rents realized.

Risks Related to Taxation

Changes in Canadian federal income tax law might adversely affect the Manager and/or Holders of Class A Shares.

There can be no assurance that Canadian federal income tax laws, the judicial interpretation thereof, or the administrative 
policies and assessing practices of the CRA will not be changed in a manner that adversely affects the Manager and/or 
Holders  of  Class  A  Shares.  Any  such  developments  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  Holders  of  Class  A 
Shares or our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If the Manager is classified as a passive foreign investment company, U.S. persons who own Class A Shares could be 
subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.

If the Manager is classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder (as defined below) that owns 
Class A Shares could be subject to adverse tax consequences, including a greater tax liability than might otherwise apply, 
an interest charge on certain taxes deemed deferred as a result of the Manager’s non-U.S. status and additional U.S. tax 
reporting obligations. In general, a non-U.S. corporation will be a PFIC during a taxable year if, taking into account the 
income and assets of certain of its affiliates, (i) 75% or more of its gross income constitutes passive income or (ii) 50% 
or  more  of  its  assets  produce,  or  are  held  for  the  production  of,  passive  income.  Passive  income  generally  includes 
interest, dividends and other investment income.

Based on its current and expected income, assets and activities, the Manager does not expect to be classified as a PFIC 
for the current taxable year or in the foreseeable future. However, the determination of whether the Manager is a PFIC 
depends  upon  the  composition  of  its  income  and  assets  and  the  nature  of  its  activities  from  time  to  time  and  must  be 
made annually as of the close of each taxable year. The PFIC determination also depends on the application of complex 
U.S.  federal  income  tax  rules  that  are  subject  to  differing  interpretations.  Thus,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the 
Manager will not be classified as a PFIC for any taxable year, or that the IRS or a court will agree with the Manager’s 
determination as to its PFIC status. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the application of the 
PFIC rules, including the related reporting requirements and the advisability of making any available election under the 
PFIC rules, with respect to their ownership and disposition of Class A Shares. See “Certain United States Federal Income 
Tax  Considerations  –  Tax  Consequences  of  the  Ownership  and  Disposition  of  Class  A  Shares  –  Passive  Foreign 
Investment Company Considerations”.

Tax laws and regulations may change in the jurisdictions in which we operate, which may affect the effective tax rate 
on all or a portion of our income.

We operate in countries with differing tax laws and tax rates. Our tax reporting is supported by tax laws in the countries 
in which we operate and the application of tax treaties between the various countries in which we operate. Our income 
tax reporting is subject to audit by tax authorities in the countries in which we operate. Our effective tax rate may change 
from year to year, based on (i) changes in the mix of activities and income earned among the different jurisdictions in 
which we operate, (ii) changes in tax laws in these jurisdictions, (iii) changes in the tax treaties between the countries in 
which we operate, (iv) changes in our eligibility for benefits under those tax treaties, and (v) changes in the estimated 
values  of  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities.  Tax  laws,  regulations  and  administrative  practices  in  various  jurisdictions 
may  be  subject  to  significant  change,  with  or  without  notice,  due  to  economic,  political  and  other  conditions,  and 
significant judgment is required in evaluating and estimating our provision and accruals for these taxes. Such changes 
could result in a substantial increase in the effective tax rate on all or a portion of our income.

To preserve the intended Canadian and U.S. federal income tax treatment of the Arrangement, the Manager agreed to 
certain restrictions that may significantly reduce its strategic and operating flexibility.

The  Corporation  engaged  in  various  restructuring  transactions  in  connection  with  the  Arrangement.  To  preserve  the 
intended Canadian federal income tax treatment of these transactions, as generally tax deferred under the Tax Act, the 
Corporation, the Manager and their subsidiaries (including the Asset Management Company) are prohibited for a period 
of two years following the effective date of the Arrangement, except in specific circumstances, from taking any action, 
omitting  to  take  any  action  or  entering  into  any  transaction  that  could  cause  the  Pre-Arrangement  Reorganization,  the 
Arrangement or certain other transactions occurring in conjunction therewith to be taxed in a manner that is inconsistent 

46                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

with that provided for in the opinion of Torys LLP addressed to the board of directors of the Corporation and the Board 
confirming the Canadian federal income tax consequences of certain aspects of the Pre-Arrangement Reorganization and 
the Arrangement to the parties thereto. To preserve the intended U.S. federal income tax treatment of these transactions, 
for  a  period  of  time  following  the  Arrangement,  the  Manager  covenanted  with  the  Corporation  and  others,  except  in 
specific  circumstances,  not  to  take  certain  actions  that  would  prevent  certain  steps  pursuant  to  the  Arrangement  from 
qualifying  as  a  transaction  that  is  generally  tax-free  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax  purposes  under  Section  355(a)  of  the 
Code.  The  foregoing  restrictions  may  limit  for  a  period  of  time  the  Manager’s  ability  to  pursue  certain  strategic 
transactions or other transactions that it believes to be in the best interests of its shareholders or that might increase the 
value of its business.

FORM 20-F                 47

ITEM 4. 

INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

4.A 

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY

Overview

The Manager was incorporated under the BCBCA on July 4, 2022. The Manager’s head office is located at Brookfield 
Place, 181 Bay Street, Suite 100, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2T3, Canada and its registered office is located at 1500 Royal 
Centre,  1055  West  Georgia  Street,  P.O.  Box  11117,  Vancouver,  British  Columbia  V6E  4N7,  Canada.  The  Class  A 
Shares are listed on the NYSE and the TSX under the symbol “BAM”.

The Manager and the Asset Management Company were formed by Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (now known as 
Brookfield Corporation) to facilitate the Arrangement in a tax-efficient manner. The Manager was established to become 
a company through which investors can directly access a leading, pure play global alternative asset management business 
previously  carried  on  by  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc.  and  its  subsidiaries  and  currently  owned  and  operated 
through the Asset Management Company. 

The Arrangement, which closed on December 9, 2022, involved the division of Brookfield Asset Management Inc. into 
two  publicly  traded  companies  –  the  Manager,  a  pure-play  asset  manager  with  a  leading  global  alternative  asset 
management  business,  and  the  Corporation,  focused  on  deploying  capital  across  its  operating  businesses  and 
compounding  that  capital  over  the  long  term.  The  Arrangement  was  designed  to  enhance  long-term  value  for  the 
Corporation’s shareholders by creating separate identities for these two distinct businesses, while preserving their ability 
to benefit each other, and thus all shareholders of the Manager and the Corporation.

Our asset management business is operated through the Asset Management Company, owned 75% by the Corporation 
and 25% by the Manager. For more information on the relationship among the Manager, the Corporation and the Asset 
Management Company, see Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions”.

The Manager is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act. In accordance with these requirements, 
the Manager files reports and other information as a foreign private issuer with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet 
site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information relating to the Manager. The site is 
located at www.sec.gov. Similar information can also be found on our website at https://bam.brookfield.com. Copies of 
documents  that  have  been  filed  with  the  Canadian  securities  authorities  can  be  obtained  at  www.sedar.com.  The 
information found on, or accessible through, our website does not form part of this 20-F. See also Item 10.H “Documents 
on Display”.

Recent Developments

Distribution of the Asset Management Business

The Manager and the Asset Management Company were formed by Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (now known as 
Brookfield Corporation) on July 4, 2022 for the purpose of effecting the Arrangement. The Manager was established to 
become a company through which investors can directly access a leading, pure-play global alternative asset management 
business  previously  carried  on  by  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc.  and  its  subsidiaries  and  currently  owned  and 
operated  through  the  Asset  Management  Company,  owned  75%  by  the  Corporation  and  25%  by  the  Manager.  The 
Arrangement, which closed on December 9, 2022, involved the division of Brookfield Asset Management Inc. into two 
publicly traded companies – the Manager, a pure-play asset manager with a leading global alternative asset management 
business, and the Corporation, focused on deploying capital across its operating businesses and compounding that capital 
over the long term. As a result of the Arrangement, holders of the Corporation Class A Shares received 0.25 of a Class A 
Share  for  each  Corporation  Class  A  Share  held.  The  Class  A  Shares  are  listed  on  the  NYSE  and  the  TSX  under  the 
symbol “BAM”.

48                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

4.B 

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Business Overview

The  Manager  was  established  by  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc.  (now  known  as  Brookfield  Corporation)  to  give 
public  shareholders  direct  access  to  this  pure-play  alternatives  manager  and  to  provide  alternative  asset  management 
services through an ownership interest in a leading global alternative asset management business previously carried on 
by  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc.  and  its  subsidiaries.  The  Manager  participates  in  this  business  through  its  25% 
ownership in the Asset Management Company. 

We  are  one  of  the  world’s  leading  alternative  asset  managers,  with  approximately  $800  billion  of  AUM  as  of 
December 31, 2022 across Renewable Power and Transition, Infrastructure, Private Equity, Real Estate and Credit. We 
invest client capital for the long-term with a focus on real assets and essential service businesses that form the backbone 
of the global economy. We draw on our heritage as an owner and operator to invest for value and generate strong returns 
for our clients, across economic cycles.

To do this, we leverage our exceptional team of over 2,500 investment and asset management professionals, our global 
reach, deep operating expertise and access to large-scale capital to identify attractive investment opportunities and invest 
on  a  proprietary  basis.  Our  investment  approach  and  strong  track  record  have  been  the  foundation  and  driver  of  our 
growth.

We provide a highly diversified suite of alternative investment strategies and are constantly innovating new products to 
meet client needs. We have over 50 unique strategies across numerous product offerings, spanning a wide range of risk-
adjusted returns, including opportunistic, value-add, core, super-core and credit.  We evaluate the performance of these 
product offerings and our investment strategies using a number of non-GAAP measures as outlined in Item 5 "Operating 
and Financial Review and Prospects". The Manager will utilize Distributable Earnings to measure performance, while, in 
addition to this metric, Fee Revenues and Fee-Related Earnings are closely utilized in order to assess the performance of 
our asset management business.

We have over 2,000 clients, made up of some of the world’s largest institutional investors, including sovereign wealth 
funds, pension plans, endowments, foundations, financial institutions, insurance companies and individual investors.

We are in a fortunate position to be trusted with our clients’ capital and our objective is to meet their financial goals and 
provide  for  a  better  financial  future  while  providing  a  market  leading  experience.  Our  team  of  270  client  service 
professionals  across  18  global  offices  are  dedicated  to  our  clients  and  ensuring  the  business  is  exceeding  their  service 
expectations.

Our  guiding  principle  is  to  operate  our  business  and  conduct  our  relationships  with  the  highest  level  of  integrity.  Our 
emphasis on diversity and inclusion reinforces our culture of collaboration, allowing us to attract and retain top talent. 
Strong ESG practices are embedded throughout our business, underpinning our goal of having a positive impact on the 
communities and environment within which we operate.

Value Creation

We  create  shareholder  value  by  increasing  the  earnings  profile  of  our  asset  management  business.  Alternative  asset 
management  businesses  such  as  ours  are  typically  valued  based  on  multiples  of  their  fee-related  earnings  and 
performance  income.  Accordingly,  we  create  value  by  increasing  the  amount  and  quality  of  fee-related  earnings  and 
carried  interest,  net  of  associated  costs.  This  growth  is  achieved  primarily  by  expanding  the  amount  of  Fee-Bearing 
Capital  we  manage,  earning  performance  income  such  as  carried  interest  through  superior  investment  results  and 
maintaining competitive operating margins.

As at December 31, 2022, we have Fee-Bearing Capital of approximately $418 billion, of which 83% is long-dated or 
perpetual in nature, providing significant stability to our earnings profile. We consider Fee-Bearing Capital that is long-
dated  or  perpetual  in  nature  to  be  Fee-Bearing  Capital  relating  to  our  long-term  private  funds,  which  are  typically 
committed for 10 years with two one-year extension options, and Fee-Bearing Capital relating to our perpetual strategies, 
which include the perpetual affiliates as well as capital we manage in our perpetual core and core plus private funds. We 

FORM 20-F                 49

seek  to  increase  our  Fee-Bearing  Capital  by  growing  the  size  of  our  existing  product  offering  and  developing  new 
strategies  that  cater  to  our  clients’  investment  needs.  We  also  aim  to  deepen  our  existing  institutional  relationships, 
develop  new  institutional  relationships  and  access  new  distribution  channels  such  as  high  net  worth  individuals  and 
retail.

As of December 31, 2022, we have over 2,000 clients with a strong base in North America, Asia, the Middle East and 
Australia and a growing proportion of third-party commitments from Europe. Our high-net-worth channel also continues 
to  grow  and  is  over  5%  of  current  commitments.  We  have  a  dedicated  team  of  over  100  people  that  are  focused  on 
distributing and developing catered products to the private wealth channel.

We  are  also  actively  progressing  new  growth  strategies,  including  secondaries,  technology,  insurance  and  transition. 
These new initiatives, in addition to our existing strategies are expected to have a very meaningful impact on our growth 
trajectory in the long term.

As we grow our Fee-Bearing Capital, we earn incremental base management fees. In order to support this growth, we 
have been growing our exceptional team of investment and asset management professionals. Our costs are predominantly 
in the form of compensation for the over 2,500 professionals we employ globally.

When deploying our clients’ capital, we seek to leverage our competitive advantages to acquire high-quality real assets 
or businesses that provide essential services that form the backbone of the global economy. We use our global reach and 
access  to  scale  capital  to  source  attractive  investment  opportunities  and  leverage  our  deep  operating  expertise  to 
underwrite investments and create value throughout our ownership. Our goal is to deliver superior investment returns to 
our clients and successfully doing so results in the continued growth of realized carried interest.

We  generate  robust  free  cash  flows  or  Distributable  Earnings,  which  is  our  primary  financial  performance  metric. 
Distributable  Earnings  of  the  Manager  represent  our  share  of  Distributable  Earnings  from  the  Asset  Management 
Company less general and administrative expenses, but excluding equity-based compensation costs, of the Manager. The 
Manager intends to pay out approximately 90% of our Distributable Earnings to shareholders quarterly and reinvest the 
balance  back  into  the  business.  See  Item  8.A  “Consolidated  Statements  and  Other  Financial  Information  —  Dividend 
Policy” for more information.

We also monitor the broader markets and occasionally identify attractive, strategic investment opportunities that have the 
potential  to  supplement  our  existing  business  and  add  to  our  organic  growth.  We  expect  acquisitions  can  allow  us  to 
achieve immediate scale in a new asset class or grant us access to additional distribution channels. An example of such 
growth is the partnership we formed with the Oaktree Business in 2019. Such acquisitions may happen from time to time 
should they be additive to our franchise, attractive to our clients and accretive to our shareholders.

50                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Products

Our  products  broadly  fall  into  one  of  three  categories:  (i)  long-term  private  funds,  (ii)  permanent  capital  vehicles  and 
perpetual  strategies  and  (iii)  liquid  strategies.  These  are  invested  across  five  principal  strategies:  (i)  Renewable  Power 
and Transition, (ii) Infrastructure, (iii) Private Equity, (iv) Real Estate, and (v) Credit and other.

Fee-Bearing Capital Diversification

 AS AT DEC. 31, 2022 (BILLIONS)

Permanent capital 
vehicles and 
perpetual strategies
Long-term private 
funds

Liquid strategies

■

■

■

■

Renewable Power and 
Transition

■ Infrastructure

■ Private Equity

■ Real Estate

■ Credit and other

 For discussion on Fee-Bearing Capital, see “Key Financial and Operating Measures”. 

Long-term Private Funds

As of December 31, 2022, we manage approximately $219 billion of Fee-Bearing Capital across a diverse range of long-
term private funds that target opportunistic (20%+, gross), value-add (15%-16%, gross), core and core plus (9%-13%, 
gross) returns. These funds are generally closed-end and have a long duration, typically committed for 10 years with two 
one-year extension options.

On these products, we earn:

•

•

•

Diversified and long-term base management fees, typically on committed capital or invested capital, depending on 
the nature of the fund and the period that the fund is in its life,

Transaction  and  advisory  fees  on  co-investment  capital  that  we  raise  and  deploy  alongside  our  long-term  private 
funds, which vary based on transaction agreements, and

Carried interest or performance fees, which entitles us to a portion of overall fund profits, provided that investors 
receive a minimum prescribed preferred return. Carried interest is typically paid towards the end of the life of a fund 
after  capital  has  been  returned  to  investors  and  may  be  subject  to  “clawback”  until  all  investments  have  been 
monetized and minimum investment returns are sufficiently assured. The Corporation is entitled to receive 33.3% of 
the  carried  interest  on  new  sponsored  funds  of  our  asset  management  business  and  will  retain  all  of  the  carried 
interest earned on mature funds.

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

As of December 31, 2022, we manage approximately $127 billion of Fee-Bearing Capital across our permanent capital 
vehicles, perpetual core and core plus private funds.

FORM 20-F                 51

$127$219$72$47$86$39$103$143On these products, we earn:

•

•

•

Long-term perpetual base management fees, which are based on the market capitalization or net asset value of our 
permanent capital vehicles and on the net asset value of our perpetual private funds.

Stable  incentive  distribution  fees  from  BEP  and  BIP,  which  are  linked  to  the  growth  in  cash  distributions  paid  to 
investors  above  a  predetermined  hurdle.  Both  BEP  and  BIP  have  a  long-standing  track  record  of  growing 
distributions annually within a target range of 5%-9%.

Performance fees from BBU are based on unit price performance above a prescribed high-water mark price, which 
are not subject to clawback, as well as carried interest on our perpetual private funds. The Corporation is entitled to 
receive 33.3% of the carried interest on sponsored funds of our asset management business.

Liquid Strategies 

As  of  December  31,  2022,  we  manage  approximately  $72  billion  of  Fee-Bearing  Capital  across  our  liquid  strategies, 
which includes capital that we manage on behalf of our publicly listed funds and separately managed accounts, with a 
focus on fixed income and equity securities across real estate and infrastructure. 

On these products, we earn:

•

•

Base management fees, which are based on committed capital or fund net asset value, and 

Performance income based on investment returns above a minimum prescribed return.

Competitive Advantages

We seek to harness the following three distinct competitive advantages that enable us to consistently identify and acquire 
high-quality assets and create significant value in the assets that we invest in and operate on behalf of our clients.

Large Scale

We have approximately $800 billion in assets under management and approximately $418 billion in Fee-Bearing Capital 
as  of  December  31,  2022.  We  offer  our  investors  a  large  portfolio  of  private  funds  that  have  global  mandates  and 
diversified  strategies.  Our  access  to  large-scale,  flexible  capital  that  is  further  enhanced  by  our  relationship  with  the 
Corporation, enables us to pursue transactions of a size that lessens competition.

Operating Expertise

We  are  supported  globally  by  approximately  200,000  operating  employees  of  our  managed  businesses,  who  are 
instrumental in maximizing the value and cash flows of our managed assets. We believe that strong operating experience 
is essential in maximizing efficiency and productivity – and ultimately, returns. We do this by maintaining a culture of 
long-term focus, alignment of interest and collaboration through the people we hire and our operating philosophy. This 
operating expertise developed through our heritage as an owner-operator is invaluable in underwriting acquisitions and 
executing value-creating development and capital projects.

Global Reach

We invest on behalf of our clients in more than 30 countries on five continents around the world. We believe that our 
global reach allows us to diversify and identify a broad range of opportunities. We can invest where capital is scarce, and 
we  believe  that  our  scale  enables  us  to  move  quickly  and  pursue  multiple  opportunities  across  different  markets.  Our 
global  reach  also  allows  us  to  operate  our  assets  more  effectively;  we  believe  that  a  strong  on-the-ground  presence  is 
critical to operating successfully in many of our markets, and many of our businesses are truly local. Furthermore, the 
combination of our strong local presence and global reach enables us to bring global relationships and operating practices 
to bear across markets to enhance returns.

52                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Our People

We have a team of over 2,500 investment and asset management professionals that are integral to the business, including 
individuals focused on our core investment strategies and those undertaking various corporate activities. Approximately 
100 of these are employed by the Manager and the remainder are employed by the Asset Management Company and its 
subsidiaries. The Manager provides the services of our employees to the Asset Management Company on a cost recovery 
basis under the Asset Management Services Agreement, which is described in Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions — 
Asset Management Services”. Our long-term approach to our business influences everything we do, including how we 
make investment decisions, how we support and oversee our businesses, and how we develop our people and compensate 
them.  Our  employee  compensation  programs  link  a  significant  portion  of  employee  rewards  to  successful  investment 
outcomes. Our emphasis on fostering collaboration enables us to benefit from a diverse set of skills and experiences. Our 
talent management processes and our approach to long-term compensation encourage collaboration. This shows itself in 
a number of ways, including in the sharing of expertise and best practices through both formal and informal channels and 
building relationships and capabilities through employee secondments and transfers.

We  have  a  group  of  dedicated  operations  professionals  in  all  our  key  regions  that  have  extensive  experience  leading 
businesses. We take an active role in enhancing the performance of the assets and businesses we acquire. As a result, our 
operations team is fully integrated – meaning our operations professionals sit alongside our experienced investment team 
working  hand  in  hand  from  diligence  to  the  execution  of  our  business  plan  and  through  the  monetization  phase  of  an 
investment. The team works closely with the senior management teams of the companies in which we invest to develop 
and implement business improvements that enable us to increase cash flow and our return on capital. While enhancement 
opportunities  may  differ  across  assets  and  businesses,  they  generally  involve  a  combination  of  strategic  repositioning, 
focus on operational excellence and enhanced commercial execution.

We recognize that people drive our success, and therefore hiring, developing and retaining our people is one of our top 
priorities.  We  do  this  by  ensuring  our  people  are  constantly  engaged  and  provide  a  wide  range  of  development 
opportunities across all levels. We aim to create an environment that is built on strong relationships and conducive to 
developing our workforce, and where individuals from diverse backgrounds can thrive.

Investment Process

Our Investment Process Leads to Value Creation

Earning  robust  returns  on  the  investments  we  make  on  behalf  of  our  clients  enhances  our  ability  to  increase  our  Fee-
Bearing Capital and generates carried interest, both of which grow our cash flows and create value for our shareholders.

1. Raise Capital

As an asset manager, the starting point to the investment cycle is establishing new funds and other investment products 
for  our  clients.  This  in  turn  provides  the  capital  to  invest,  from  which  we  earn  base  management  fees,  incentive 
distributions  and  performance-based  returns  such  as  carried  interest.  Accordingly,  we  create  value  by  increasing  our 
amount  of  Fee-Bearing  Capital  and  by  achieving  strong  investment  performance  that  leads  to  growth  in  Fee-Bearing 
Capital and increased cash flows.

FORM 20-F                 53

2. Identify and Acquire High-Quality Assets

We follow a value-based approach to investing and allocating capital. We believe that our disciplined approach, global 
reach  and  operating  expertise  afford  us  access  to  a  wide  range  of  potential  opportunities  and  enable  us  to  invest  at 
attractive  valuations  and  generate  superior  risk-adjusted  returns  for  our  clients.  We  also  leverage  our  considerable 
expertise  in  executing  recapitalizations,  operational  turnarounds  and  large  development  and  capital  projects,  providing 
additional opportunities to deploy capital.

3. Secure Long-Term Financing

We finance the investments we make on behalf of our clients predominantly on a long-term investment-grade basis and 
asset-by-asset, where possible, with minimal recourse. This financing approach provides us with considerable stability, 
improves our ability to withstand financial downturns and enables our asset management teams to focus on operations 
and other growth initiatives.

4. Enhance Value and Cash Flows Through Operating Expertise

We use our operating capabilities to increase the value of the assets within our product offerings and the cash flows they 
produce,  and  they  help  to  protect  our  clients’  capital  in  adverse  conditions.  The  combination  of  operating  expertise, 
development  capabilities  and  effective  financing  can  help  ensure  that  an  investment’s  full  value  creation  potential  is 
realized, which we believe is one of our most important competitive advantages.

5. Realize Capital from Asset Sales or Refinancing

We actively monitor opportunities to sell or refinance assets to generate proceeds for our investors. Capital generated in 
our  limited  life  funds  is  returned  to  investors,  and  in  the  case  of  our  perpetual  funds,  we  then  redeploy  the  capital  to 
enhance returns. In many cases, returning capital from private funds completes the investment process, locks in investor 
returns and gives rise to performance income.

Our Investment Strategies

In each of our product categories, we invest globally in various investment strategies, each benefiting from strong secular 
tailwinds that provide an expanding multi-trillion dollar investable universe.

Our investment strategies are (a) renewable power and transition, (b) infrastructure, (c) private equity, (d) real estate, and 
(e) credit and other, each as discussed below.

Renewable Power and Transition

Overview

• We are a leading global investment manager in renewable power and transition, with nearly $72 billion of AUM 

as of December 31, 2022.

•

Clean energy occupies a uniquely complementary position to the global goals of net-zero emissions, low-cost 
energy  and  energy  security.  We  believe  that  the  growing  global  demand  for  low-carbon  energy,  especially 
amongst corporate off takers, will lead to continued growth opportunities for us in the future. The investment 
environment for renewable power and transition remains favourable and we expect to continue to advance our 
substantial  pipeline  of  renewable  power  and  transition  opportunities  on  behalf  of  our  clients  and  managed 
assets.

• We have approximately 100 investment and asset management professionals globally that are focused on our 
renewable power and transition strategy, supported by approximately 3,700 employees in the renewable power 
and transition operating businesses that we manage. Our extensive experience and knowledge in this industry 
allows us to be a leader in all major technologies with deep operating and development capabilities.

54                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Long-term Private Funds

• We manage the largest of its kind global transition fund, Brookfield Global Transition Fund (“BGTF”), which 
is our $15 billion flagship strategy focused on investments that contribute to the transition to a net-zero global 
economy.  The  mandate  of  this  product  is  to  assist  utility,  energy  and  industrial  businesses  reduce  CO2 
emissions, expand low-carbon and renewable energy production levels and advance sustainable solutions.

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

• We also manage BEP, one of the world’s largest publicly traded renewable power platforms, which is listed on 

the NYSE and TSX and had a market capitalization of over $16.8 billion as of December 31, 2022.

Across our renewable power and transition products, we have invested on behalf of our clients in:

•

Hydroelectric operations, through river systems and facilities that provide electricity and have grid stabilizing 
capabilities;

• Wind operations that use turbines to create electricity;

•

•

Utility solar operations that harness energy from the sun to generate electricity; and

Distributed  generation,  storage  and  other  operations  that  provide  small-scale  generation  that  can  be  locally 
installed and pump storage facilities. 

Infrastructure

Overview

• We are one of the world’s largest investment managers in infrastructure, with $143 billion of AUM as of 

December 31, 2022.

• We focus on acquiring high-quality businesses on behalf of our clients that deliver essential goods and services, 
diversified across the utilities, transport, midstream and data infrastructure sectors. We partner closely with 
management teams to enable long-term success through operational and other improvements.

• We have approximately 230 investment and asset management professionals globally that are focused on our 

infrastructure strategy, supported by approximately 51,400 employees in the infrastructure operating businesses 
that we manage.

Our Products

Long-term Private Funds

•

•

Brookfield Infrastructure Funds (“BIF”) is our flagship infrastructure fund series. In this product offering, we 
invest  on  behalf  of  our  clients  in  high-quality  infrastructure  assets  on  a  value  basis  and  seek  to  add  value 
through the investment life cycle by utilizing our operations-oriented approach.

Brookfield  Infrastructure  Debt  (“BID”)  is  our  infrastructure  debt  fund  series,  which  invests  on  behalf  of  our 
clients in mezzanine debt investments in high-quality, core infrastructure assets.

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

• We manage BIP, one of the largest, pure play, publicly traded global infrastructure platforms, which is listed on 
the NYSE and TSX and had a market capitalization of $24.8 billion as of December 31, 2022. In this product 

FORM 20-F                 55

offering, we invest on behalf of our clients in high-quality, long-life assets that provide essential products and 
services for the global economy.

• We also manage Brookfield Super-Core Infrastructure Partners (“BSIP”), which is our perpetual infrastructure 
private fund strategy. In this product offering, we invest on behalf of our clients in core infrastructure assets in 
developed markets, with a focus on yield, diversification and inflation-protection.

The  infrastructure  investments  that  we  manage  provide  a  diversified  exposure  for  our  clients  to  scarce,  high-quality 
businesses that benefit from significant barriers to entry and deliver essential goods and services. Through the various 
products outlined, we have invested in: 

•

•

•

•

Regulated or contracted businesses that earn a return on asset base, including electricity and gas connections, 
natural gas pipelines and electricity transmission lines;

Systems involved in the movement of freight, commodities and passengers, including rail operations, toll roads, 
terminal and export facilities;

Assets  that  handle  the  movement  and  storage  of  commodities  from  a  source  of  supply  to  a  demand  center, 
including transmission pipelines, natural gas process plants and natural gas storage; and

Businesses  that  provide  essential  services  and  critical  infrastructure  to  transmit  and  store  data  globally, 
including telecom towers and active rooftop sites, fiber optic cable and data centers.

Private Equity

Overview

• We are a leading private equity investment manager with $133 billion of AUM as of December 31, 2022.

• We  focus  on  high-quality  businesses  that  provide  essential  products  and  services,  diversified  across  the 
industrial, infrastructure services and business services sectors. We partner closely with management teams to 
enable long-term success through operational and other improvements.

• We have approximately 280 investment and asset management professionals globally that are focused on our 
private  equity  strategy,  supported  by  approximately  105,400  employees  in  the  private  equity  operating 
businesses that we manage.

Our Products

Long-term Private Funds

•

•

•

Our global opportunistic flagship fund series, Brookfield Capital Partners (“BCP”), is our leading private equity 
product  offering.  This  series  of  funds  focuses  on  cash-flowing  essential  service  businesses.  We  seek 
investments  that  benefit  from  high  barriers  to  entry  and  enhance  their  cash  flow  capabilities  by  improving 
strategy and execution.

Our  special  investments  strategy,  Brookfield  Special  Investments  (“BSI”),  is  focused  on  large-scale,  non-
control investments. This product capitalizes on potential transactions sourced or otherwise identified by us but 
does  not  otherwise  fit  our  traditional  control-oriented  flagship  private  equity  fund  series.  These  include 
recapitalizations  to  strategic  growth  capital,  where  we  expect  to  generate  equity-like  returns  while  ensuring 
downside protection through structured investments.

Our  growth  equity  strategy,  Brookfield  Growth  (“BTG”),  was  launched  in  2016  and  has  developed  into  a 
meaningful  business  that  we  expect  to  continue  to  scale  over  time.  This  strategy  focuses  on  investing  in 
technology-related growth stage companies that surround our broader ecosystem of managed assets.

56                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

• We  manage  BBU,  which  is  a  publicly  traded  global  business  services  and  industrial  company  focused  on 
owning and operating high-quality providers of essential products and services. BBU is listed on the NYSE and 
TSX and had a market capitalization of $3.8 billion as of December 31, 2022.

Our private equity vehicles acquire high-quality operations globally. The broad investment mandate provides us with the 
flexibility to invest on behalf of our clients across multiple industries through many forms. Through the various products 
outlined above, we have invested on behalf of our clients in:

•

•

•

Leading  service  providers  to  large-scale  infrastructure  assets,  including  the  leading  provider  of  services  and 
technology to the world’s nuclear power generation facilities, a leading provider of work access, forming and 
shoring  services,  a  leading  provider  of  modular  building  leasing  services  and  a  leading  provider  of  critical 
offshore transportation and production services;

Operationally intense industrial businesses that benefit from a strong competitive position, including the leading 
global producer of advanced automotive battery technologies, the largest private water and wastewater services 
company in Brazil, a leading manufacturer of engineered components for industrial trailers and other towable 
equipment providers, among others; and

Essential  services  providers,  including  the  largest  private  sector  residential  mortgage  insurer  in  Canada,  the 
second largest private hospital operator in Australia and a leading global construction operation.

Real Estate

Overview

• We  are  one  of  the  world’s  largest  investment  managers  in  real  estate,  with  over  $263  billion  of  AUM  as  of 

December 31, 2022.

• We have invested, on behalf of clients, in iconic properties in the world’s most dynamic markets with the goal 
of generating stable and growing distributions for our investors while protecting them against downside risk.

• We  have  approximately  660  investment  and  asset  management  professionals  that  are  focused  on  generating 
superior returns across our real estate strategies, supported by approximately 29,600 operating employees in the 
real estate operating businesses that we manage.

Our Products

Long-term Private Funds

•

•

Our    opportunistic    real    estate    flagship    fund    series    is    Brookfield    Strategic    Real    Estate    Partners  
(“BSREP”).  Through  this product, we invest globally across various sectors and geographies on behalf of our 
clients  in  high-quality  real  estate  with  a  focus  on  large,  complex,  distressed  assets,  turnarounds  and 
recapitalizations.  The  latest  vintage  for  this  fund  series,  our  fourth  flagship  fund,  has  raised  $15  billion  as  of 
December 31, 2022.

Our  commercial  real  estate  debt  fund  series,  Brookfield  Real  Estate  Finance  Fund  (“BREF”),  targets 
investments in transactions, predominantly in the U.S., that are senior to traditional equity and subordinate to 
first mortgages or investment-grade corporate debt.

Permanent Capital Vehicle and Perpetual Strategies

• We manage $21 billion of Fee-Bearing Capital in BPG as of December 31, 2022, which we invest, on behalf of 
the  Corporation,  directly  in  real  estate  assets  or  through  our  real  estate  private  fund  offerings.  BPG  owns, 

FORM 20-F                 57

operates and develops iconic properties in the world’s most dynamic markets with a global portfolio of office, 
retail, multifamily, logistics, hospitality, land and housing, triple net lease, manufactured housing and student 
housing assets on five continents.

• We  also  manage  capital  in  our  perpetual  private  fund  real  estate  strategy,  Brookfield  Premier  Real  Estate 
Partner  (“BPREP”).  BPREP  is  a  core  plus  strategy  that  invests  in  high-quality,  stabilized  real  assets  located 
primarily in the U.S. with a focus on office, retail, multifamily and logistics real estate assets. We also have two 
regional BPREP strategies that are dedicated specifically to investments in Australia (“BPREP-A”) and Europe 
(“BPREP-E”).

• We  manage  capital  across  our  perpetual  real  estate  debt  strategy,  Brookfield  Senior  Mezzanine  Real  Estate 
Finance  Fund  (“BSREF”).  We  seek  to  originate,  acquire  and  actively  manage  investments  in  U.S.  senior 
commercial real estate debt for this strategy.

• We also recently launched our non-traded REIT, Brookfield Real Estate Income Trust (“Brookfield REIT”), 
which is a semi-liquid strategy catering specifically to the private wealth channel. This product invests in high 
quality income-producing opportunities globally through equity or real-estate related debt.

Through the various products outlined, we have invested in multiple asset classes including:

•

•

•

•

Office properties in key gateway cities in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Germany, Australia, Brazil and India;

High-quality  retail  destinations  that  are  central  gathering  places  for  the  communities  they  serve,  combining 
shopping, dining, entertainment and other activities;

Full-service  hotels  and  leisure-style  hospitality  assets  in  high-barrier  markets  across  North  America,  the  U.K. 
and Australia; and

High-quality  assets  with  operational  upside  across  multifamily,  alternative  living,  life  sciences  and  logistics 
sectors globally.

Credit and Other 

Overview 

•

•

As a result of Brookfield's investment in Oaktree Capital Group, LLC in 2019, we established ourselves as a 
leader among global investment managers specializing in alternative credit investments. Our interest in Oaktree 
is 64% as of December 31, 2022. The Oaktree Business is one of the premier credit franchises globally, with 
$142 billion of Fee-Bearing Capital as of December 31, 2022 and an expertise in investing across the capital 
structure  with  an  emphasis  on  an  opportunistic,  value-oriented  and  risk-controlled  approach  to  investing  in 
alternative credit investments. The Oaktree Business’s mission is to deliver superior investment results with risk 
under  control  and  to  conduct  its  business  with  the  highest  integrity.  The  Oaktree  Business  emphasizes  an 
opportunistic, value-oriented and risk-controlled approach to its investments. Over more than three decades, the 
Oaktree Business has developed a large and growing client base through its ability to identify and capitalize on 
opportunities for attractive investment returns in less efficient markets. Oaktree Capital Group, LLC’s series A 
and series B preferred units are listed on the NYSE.

The Oaktree Business manages investments in a number of strategies across four asset classes: credit, private 
equity, real assets and listed equities. The diversity of Oaktree’s investment strategies allows it to meet a wide 
range  of  investor  needs  suited  for  different  market  environments  globally  and,  for  certain  strategies,  targeted 
regions,  while  providing  the  Oaktree  Business  with  a  long-term  diversified  revenue  base.  Oaktree’s  credit 
strategies invest in both liquid and illiquid instruments, sourced directly from borrowers and via public markets. 
Oaktree’s  private  equity  strategies  focus  on  a  broad  range  of  regions  and  market  sectors,  and  they  combine 
traditional  private  equity  and  special  situation  opportunities.  Oaktree’s  real  assets  platform  capitalizes  on  the 
Oaktree  Business’s  global  footprint,  multi-disciplinary  capabilities,  extensive  network  of  industry  experts  and 

58                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

key relationships with operating partners. Finally, the Oaktree Business’s listed equities strategies seek to invest 
in undervalued stocks in specific regions.

• We offer one of the most comprehensive alternative credit offerings available today and have a global presence 

through our experienced team of investment professionals. 

Our Products

•

•

•

Our  credit  strategies  invest  in  both  liquid  and  illiquid  instruments,  sourced  directly  from  borrowers  and  via 
public markets. We focus primarily on rated and non-rated debt of sub-investment grade issuers in developed 
and  emerging  markets,  and  we  offer  investments  in  an  array  of  private  credit,  high  yield  bonds,  convertible 
securities, leveraged loans, structured credit instruments and opportunistic credit.

Our flagship credit strategy, the Opportunistic Credit series, focuses on protecting against loss by buying claims 
on  assets  at  attractive  or  distressed  prices.  We  aim  to  achieve  substantial  gains  by  actively  participating  in 
restructurings to restore companies to financial viability, while creating value. The latest vintage of this series of 
funds was raised in 2021 and 2022 with a total fund size of $16 billion and is the largest fund in the series to 
date.

Also included in our other strategies is our Public Securities Group (“PSG”), which manages the Fee-Bearing 
Capital  associated  with  our  liquid  strategies.  PSG  serves  institutions  and  individuals  seeking  the  investment 
advantages of real assets through actively managed listed equity and debt strategies.

ESG MANAGEMENT

ESG at Brookfield

Our business philosophy is based on our conviction that acting responsibly toward our stakeholders is foundational to 
operating  a  productive,  profitable  and  sustainable  business,  and  that  value  creation  and  sustainable  development  are 
complementary goals. This view has been underpinned by what we have learned throughout our 100+ year heritage as an 
owner and operator of long-term assets, many of which form the backbone of the global economy. Our long-term focus 
lends itself to robust ESG programs throughout our businesses and underlying operations, which has always been a key 
priority for us.

While ESG principles have always been embedded in how we run our business, we formalized our approach with the 
publication  of  Brookfield’s  ESG  principles  in  2016.  In  2022,  we  developed  a  global  ESG  Policy  incorporating  our 
practices  related  to  operationalizing  our  ESG  principles.  This  document  codifies  our  longstanding  commitment  to 
integrating  ESG  considerations  into  our  decision-making  and  day-to-day  asset  management  activities.  This  policy  is 
reviewed annually and updated on an as-needed basis by senior executives at Brookfield as well as each of Brookfield’s 
business groups. Our ESG policy outlines our approach to ESG which is based on the following guiding principles:

Mitigate the impact of our operations on the environment:

•

•

Strive to minimize the environmental impact of operations and improve our efficient use of resources over time.

Support the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions by 2050 or sooner.

Ensure the well-being and safety of employees:

•

•

Foster  a  positive  work  environment  based  on  respect  for  human  rights,  valuing  diversity,  and  having  zero 
tolerance for workplace discrimination, violence or harassment.

Operate with leading health and safety practices to support the goal of zero serious safety incidents.

FORM 20-F                 59

Uphold strong governance practices:

Operate  to  the  highest  ethical  standards  by  conducting  business  activities  in  accordance  with  our  Code  of 

•
Conduct.

• Maintain strong stakeholder relationships through transparency and active engagement.

Be good corporate citizens:

Ensure  the  interests,  safety  and  well-being  of  the  communities  in  which  we  operate  are  integrated  into  our 

•
business decisions.

•

Support philanthropy and volunteerism by our employees.

ESG Governance

Robust ESG programs throughout our businesses and underlying operations has always been a key priority. Brookfield 
understands  that  good  governance  is  essential  to  sustainable  business  operations.  Brookfield’s  boards  of  directors, 
through their governance committees, have ultimate oversight of Brookfield’s ESG strategy and receives regular updates 
on Brookfield's ESG initiatives throughout the year. 

Brookfield’s ESG programs are supported by senior executives and experts within our asset management business, who 
are  charged  with  primary  accountability  for  driving  ESG  initiatives  based  on  business  imperatives,  industry 
developments  and  best  practices.  This  model  facilitates  the  ability  to  leverage  Brookfield’s  extensive  industry  and 
operational expertise and align our ESG priorities. In each case, our ESG initiatives are supported by asset management 
professionals from each of these constituencies. 

ESG Integration into the Investment Process

During  the  initial  due  diligence  phase  of  an  investment,  we  proactively  identify  material  ESG  risks  and  opportunities 
relevant to the particular asset. We leverage our investment and operating expertise and utilize Brookfield’s ESG Due 
Diligence  Guidelines  which  may  include  the  incorporation  of  the  engagement  guide  published  by  the  Sustainability 
Accounting  Standards  Board  (“SASB”)  guidance.  In  2022,  we  enhanced  our  ESG  Due  Diligence  Guidelines  with  the 
addition of a comprehensive climate change risk assessment. We have also added a separate human rights and modern 
slavery  risk  assessment  to  our  ESG  Due  Diligence  Guidelines  with  the  objective  of  mitigating  the  risks  of  modern 
slavery  and  human  rights  violations,  including  within  supply  chains.  Where  appropriate,  we  perform  deeper  due 
diligence, working with internal experts and third-party advisors as needed. 

All investments made by Brookfield must be approved by the applicable investment committee, which makes its decision 
based on a set of guidelines. To facilitate this, investment teams outline for the committee all material information 
concerning the investment, including (among other things) the merits of the transaction and material risks, mitigants and 
opportunities for improvement, which include opportunities and risks relating to bribery and corruption risks, health and 
safety risks, and environmental, social, and other ESG considerations.

As  part  of  each  acquisition,  investment  teams  create  a  tailored  integration  plan  that  includes,  among  other  things, 
material  ESG-related  matters  for  review  or  execution.  Brookfield  looks  to  advance  ESG  initiatives  and  improve  ESG 
performance  to  drive  long-term  value  creation,  as  well  as  to  manage  any  associated  risks.  We  have  witnessed  and 
continue to see a strong correlation between managing these considerations and enhancing investment returns. It is the 
responsibility of the management teams within each portfolio company to manage ESG risks and opportunities through 
the investment’s life cycle, supported by the applicable investment team. The combination of having local accountability 
and  expertise  in  tandem  with  Brookfield’s  investment  and  operating  capabilities  is  important  when  managing  a  wide 
range of asset types across jurisdictions.

When preparing an asset for divestiture, we create robust business plans outlining potential value creation deriving from 
several  different  factors,  including  ESG  considerations.  We  also  prepare  both  qualitative  and  quantitative  data  that 

60                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

summarize the ESG performance of the investment and provide a holistic understanding of how Brookfield has managed 
the investment.

Below is a summary of some of the ESG initiatives that we undertook in 2022. For additional information, please refer to 
Brookfield’s latest ESG report.

Environmental

Climate  change  mitigation  and  adaptation  continues  to  be  a  key  area  of  focus  and  Brookfield  has  made  progress  in  a 
number of areas. 

TCFD Alignment

Since becoming supporters of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”) in 2021, Brookfield 
has made progress on aligning with the TCFD’s recommended disclosures. Over the last year, we completed a climate 
risk  management  review  to  better  understand  the  physical  and  transition  risk  and  opportunities  profile  across  our 
businesses.  We  are  leveraging  those  results  to  identify  improvement  opportunities  in  approaching  climate  change 
mitigation  and  adaptation  and  continue  to  work  to  integrate  those  considerations  into  Brookfield’s  asset  management 
business,  as  well  as  its  operating  businesses  and  portfolio  companies.  Brookfield’s  climate  risk  management 
methodology is aligned with the TCFD’s recommendations, and we are working towards publishing our inaugural 2022 
TCFD report in the first half of 2023. 

Commitment to Net Zero

Brookfield has become a signatory to the Net Zero Asset Managers initiative (“NZAM”), to further our commitment to 
support  the  transition  to  a  net  zero  carbon  economy.  NZAM  is  a  group  of  international  asset  managers  committed  to 
supporting the goal of net zero GHG emissions by 2050 or sooner. To fulfill this commitment, our asset management 
business is commencing to take account of emissions, prioritize emissions reductions across Brookfield’s businesses, and 
work towards publishing disclosures in line with the recommendations of the TCFD. 

In 2022, we submitted our 2030 net zero interim target, setting out our commitment to reduce emissions by two-thirds by 
2030 across $147 billion (approximately one-third) of our assets under management from a 2020 base-line year.1

An integral part of Brookfield’s net zero commitment is the allocation of capital towards climate solutions. Our interim 
emissions target is comprised of assets across our businesses, including renewable power and transition, infrastructure, 
private equity, and real estate. In setting our interim target, we focused on investments where:

i. We have control and therefore sufficient influence over the outcomes;

ii. We could identify and implement actionable initiatives in the near term, and; 

iii. We assessed it to be value accretive to do so over the life of the investment. 

Our  intention  is  to  increase  the  proportion  of  assets  to  be  managed  in  line  with  net  zero  annually  or  as  frequently  as 
possible,  consistent  with  our  ambition  to  reach  100%  over  time.  Our  net-zero  interim  target  includes  Scope  1  and  2 
emissions of Brookfield's portfolio companies or otherwise the majority of “financed emissions”.2

To  support  our  progress  towards  achieving  our  net-zero  ambition,  our  focus  over  the  past  year  has  been  on  building 
teams and devoting additional resources to facilitate the development of credible decarbonization plans across all assets 
under management. In undertaking this work, we will focus our net-zero efforts on investments where we have the best 
opportunity to achieve measurable positive outcomes.

1 Expressed as a percentage of total AUM excluding Oaktree Capital Management.
2 Excludes Scope 3 emissions in investments where Brookfield does not have control.

FORM 20-F                 61

In addition to the work that we are undertaking with our existing assets, we recently launched BGTF, which is the largest 
of its kind in the world with $15 billion dedicated to accelerating the global transition to net zero. BGTF is an important 
component of our net-zero strategy and will pursue opportunities only where we can make measurable positive impact, 
including through the development of additional clean power capacity or decarbonizing carbon-intensive businesses. 

Social

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion

We  recognize  that  our  success  depends  upon  the  quality,  capabilities  and  commitment  of  our  people  across  our 
businesses.  Developing  our  over  2,500  investment  and  asset  management  employees  and  ensuring  their  continued 
engagement is therefore one of our top priorities. We aim to create an environment that is built on strong relationships 
and  conducive  to  developing  our  workforce,  and  where  individuals  from  diverse  backgrounds  can  thrive.  In  2022,  we 
continued  to  work  on  ensuring  that  our  talent  attraction  and  retention  efforts  and  our  diversity,  equity  and  inclusion 
efforts are in line with best practices.

Our approach to diversity, equity and inclusion has been deliberate and is integrated into our human capital development 
processes and initiatives. Having a diverse workforce reinforces our culture of collaboration and strengthens our ability 
to develop team members and maintain an engaged workforce. We seek to foster a diverse and inclusive workplace by 
ensuring  leaders  understand  their  role  in  creating  an  inclusive  environment  and  by  maintaining  a  focus  on  disciplined 
talent management processes that seek to mitigate the impact of unconscious bias. We believe that these priorities are 
foundational  to  our  success  in  enhancing  diversity  and  inclusion  within  the  workplace,  where  career  advancement  is 
directly tied to performance and to alignment with our values of making decisions with intense collaboration and a long-
term focus. 

Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational  health  and  safety  continues  to  be  integral  to  how  we  manage  our  businesses.  As  health  and  safety  risk 
varies across industries, sectors, and the nature of operations, we emphasize the importance of our operating businesses 
having direct accountability and responsibility for managing and reporting risks within their operations, with Brookfield 
providing support and strategic oversight at the business’ board (or similarly situated governance body.) For details on 
our health and safety framework, as it relates to our operating businesses, please refer to Brookfield’s latest ESG report.

Human Rights and Modern Slavery

Brookfield  is  committed  to  conducting  our  business  in  an  ethical  and  responsible  manner.  We  continue  to  work  to 
identify and prevent potential human rights and modern slavery violations within our business environment, including 
supply chains, and we look for ways to support the promotion of human rights. Our approach to addressing human rights, 
including  modern  slavery,  is  designed  to  be  commensurate  with  the  risks  we  face,  which  vary  based  on  jurisdiction, 
industry and sector. Brookfield has a modern slavery and human trafficking policy that provides guidance on measures to 
prevent and detect modern slavery. In addition, we have several other policies and procedures that provide guidance on 
the  identification  of  human  rights  and  modern  slavery  risks  and  the  steps  to  be  taken  to  mitigate  these  risks.  These 
include  our  Code  of  Conduct,  Vendor  Management  Guidelines,  including  the  Vendor  Code  of  Conduct,  ESG  Due 
Diligence  Guidelines,  Anti-Bribery  and  Corruption  Policy,  Anti-Money  Laundering  and  Trade  Sanctions  Policy  and 
Whistleblowing  Policy.  Our  portfolio  companies’  senior  management  teams  are  each  responsible  for  identifying  and 
managing the human rights risks, including modern slavery, for their individual businesses.

All  employees  receive  modern  slavery  training  as  part  of  the  onboarding  process  and  access  ongoing  training,  as 
necessary.  Additional  training  relevant  to  applicable  regions  and  role,  particularly  in  higher-risk  functions  such  as 
procurement is provided. We also encourage employees, suppliers and business partners to report concerns in accordance 
with our Whistleblowing Policy.

We  are  cognizant  of  the  fact  that  the  risks  of  human  rights,  modern  slavery  and  human  trafficking  are  complex  and 
evolving, and we will continue to work on addressing these risks in our business. 

62                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Governance

We recognize that strong governance is essential to sustainable business operations, and we aim to conduct our business 
according to the highest ethical and legal standards.

Stewardship and Engagement 

Brookfield is one of the largest owners and operators of real assets globally. In managing our assets, we utilize our active 
asset management approach to collaborate directly with our portfolio companies to facilitate the implementation of sound 
ESG  practices  that  are  essential  for  resilient  businesses,  while  creating  long-term  value  for  our  investors  and 
stakeholders.

In addition, Brookfield utilizes its Proxy Voting Guidelines to ensure that we are voting proxies in our investors’ best 
interests, in accordance with any applicable proxy voting agreements and consistent with the investment mandate. While 
our  public  securities  holdings  are  modest  relative  to  our  assets  under  management,  we  considered  it  important  to 
formally record the variety of ESG factors that we assess in determining whether voting a proxy is in the client’s best 
interests, including gender equality, board diversity, ecology and sustainability, climate change, ethics, human rights, and 
data security and privacy. As part of our Proxy Voting Guidelines, Brookfield has created a Proxy Voting Committee 
that comprises senior executives across Brookfield and oversees proxy voting across our holdings. These guidelines also 
uphold our strong commitment to ESG practices, and our stance  concerning climate risk, human rights, and diversity, 
equity and inclusion.

ESG Regulation

We  aim  to  uphold  strong  governance  practices,  and  we  actively  monitor  proposed  and  evolving  ESG  legislation, 
regulation and market practices in all jurisdictions in which we operate. This includes, for example, the EU Sustainable 
Finance  Disclosure  Regulation  and  EU  Taxonomy  Regulation  as  well  as  the  newly  announced  International 
Sustainability Standards Board. We seek to continuously improve and refine our processes by actively participating in 
the development and implementation of new industry standards and best practices.

Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

Data privacy and cybersecurity remain key ESG focus areas for us. In 2022, Brookfield undertook initiatives to further 
enhance our data protection and threat-intelligence capabilities, and Brookfield worked on improving our processes for 
third-party risk management. Brookfield reviews and updates our cybersecurity program annually and conducts regular 
external-party assessments of our program maturity based on the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. Finally, in addition to 
continued  mandatory  cybersecurity  education  for  all  employees,  Brookfield  enhanced  our  phishing  simulations  to 
include more advanced simulations and social engineering.

ESG Affiliations and Partnerships

Finally,  we  continue  to  align  our  business  practices  with  frameworks  for  responsible  investing  and  are  an  active 
participant  in  industry  forums  and  other  organizations.  Brookfield  is  a  signatory  to  the  United  Nations-supported 
Principles for Responsible Investment (“PRI”), which demonstrates our ongoing commitment to responsible investment 
and  ESG  best  practices.  As  a  participant  in  organizations  like  the  PRI,  the  TCFD  and  NZAM,  we  are  committed  to 
ongoing engagement and stewardship and the promotion of leading ESG practices—both with our portfolio companies 
and with the broader asset management industry—that are designed to enhance the value of our assets and businesses. In 
addition,  through  our  membership  in  these  organizations  and  other  industry  forums,  we  remain  actively  involved  in 
discussions  aimed  at  advancing  ESG  awareness  across  private  and  public  markets  and  enhance  our  reporting  and 
protocols in line with evolving best practices.

FORM 20-F                 63

4.C 

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Organizational Chart

The  following  diagram  provides  an  illustration  of  the  simplified  corporate  structure  of  the  Manager  following  the 
completion of the 25% distribution of the asset management business, as of December 31, 2022. 

The Manager

The Manager was incorporated under the BCBCA on July 4, 2022. The Manager’s head office is located at Brookfield 
Place, 181 Bay Street, Suite 100, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2T3, Canada and its registered office is located at 1500 Royal 
Centre,  1055  West  Georgia  Street,  P.O.  Box  11117,  Vancouver,  British  Columbia  V6E  4N7,  Canada.  The  Manager’s 
Class A Shares are listed on the NYSE and the TSX under the symbol “BAM”.

The  Manager  was  formed  by  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc.  (now  known  as  Brookfield  Corporation)  to  provide 
alternative  asset  management  services  through  an  ownership  interest  in  a  leading  global  alternative  asset  management 
business  previously  carried  on  by  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc.  and  its  subsidiaries.  Our  asset  management 
business is operated through the Asset Management Company, owned 75% by the Corporation and 25% by the Manager. 
For more information on the relationship among the Manager, the Corporation and the Asset Management Company, see 
Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions — Relationship Agreement”.

The Corporation

The Corporation is focused on deploying its capital on a value basis and compounding it over the long term. This capital 
is allocated across its three core pillars of asset management, insurance solutions and its operating businesses. Employing 
a disciplined investment approach, the Corporation leverages its deep expertise as an owner and operator of real assets, 
as  well  as  the  scale  and  flexibility  of  its  capital,  to  create  value  and  deliver  strong  risk-adjusted  returns  across  market 
cycles.  With  significant  capital  underpinned  by  a  conservatively  capitalized  balance  sheet,  we  believe  that  the 
Corporation is well positioned to pursue significant opportunities for growth.

64                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

The Corporation was formed by articles of amalgamation dated August 1, 1997 and is organized pursuant to articles of 
amalgamation  under  the  Business  Corporations  Act  (Ontario)  dated  January  1,  2005.  On  December  9,  2022,  the 
Corporation  filed  the  articles  of  arrangement  and  articles  of  amendment  by  arrangement  to  change  its  name  from 
Brookfield Asset Management Inc. to Brookfield Corporation. The Corporation’s head and registered office is located at 
Brookfield Place, 181 Bay Street, Suite 100, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2T3, Canada.

The Asset Management Company

The Asset Management Company is an unlimited liability company formed under the laws of British Columbia with an 
authorized share capital of an unlimited number of common shares. The ownership of the Asset Management Company 
is  only  through  the  ownership  of  common  shares  of  the  Asset  Management  Company,  which  is  held  between  the 
Corporation (75% of the common shares) and the Manager (25% of the common shares).

4.D 

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

The Manager’s head office is located at Brookfield Place, 181 Bay Street, Suite 100, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2T3 and its 
registered  office  is  located  at  1500  Royal  Centre,  1055  West  Georgia  Street,  P.O.  Box  11117,  Vancouver,  British 
Columbia V6E 4N7. The Manager is a holding company and its only material assets consist solely of its 25% interest in 
the  common  shares  of  the  Asset  Management  Company.  We  do  not  directly  own  any  real  property.  See  also  the 
information contained in this Form 20-F under Item 3.D “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Operating Subsidiaries 
and Industry” and Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”.

ITEM 4A. 

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable. 

FORM 20-F                 65

ITEM 5. 

OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

5.A 

OPERATING RESULTS

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF 
OPERATIONS

Introduction

This  management’s  discussion  and  analysis  (“MD&A”)  included  in  Item  5  of  this  Form  20-F  presents  the  financial 
position  of  the  Manager  as  at  December  31,  2022  and  the  results  of  operations  for  the  period  from  July  4,  2022  to 
December  31,  2022.  The  Manager  holds  a  25%  interest  in  the  Asset  Management  Company,  which  is  accounted  for 
under  the  equity  method  of  accounting.  To  assist  our  readers  in  understanding  our  business’  financial  performance, 
which comprises primarily of holding our equity accounted investment in the Asset Management Company, we have also 
presented financial information of the Asset Management Company as at December 31, 2022 and 2021 and the results of 
operations for the years then ended.  

The  Asset  Management  Company  has  three  key  product  categories:  (i)  long-term  private  funds,  (ii)  permanent  capital 
vehicles  and  perpetual  strategies  and  (iii)  liquid  strategies.  These  are  invested  across  five  principal  strategies:  (i) 
Renewable Power and Transition, (ii) Infrastructure, (iii) Private Equity, (iv) Real Estate, and (v) Credit and other.  The 
ultimate parent of the Asset Management Business is the Corporation.  

The  information  in  this  MD&A  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  following  consolidated  financial  statements 
included elsewhere in this Form 20-F: (i) the audited consolidated financial statements of the Manager as at December 
31,  2022  and  the  results  of  operations  for  the  period  from  July  4,  2022  to  December  31,  2022  and  (ii)  the  audited 
consolidated and combined financial statements of the Asset Management Company.

Basis of Presentation

The  Manager,  a  Canadian  corporation,  through  its  ownership  interests  in  its  single  investment,  our  asset  management 
business, is a leading global alternative asset manager. The Manager was incorporated on July 4, 2022 and does not have 
historical  operations  or  activities.  The  Manager’s  sole  material  asset  is  its  25%  interest  in  the  Asset  Management 
Company,  which  is  accounted  for  using  the  equity  method.  The  Manager’s  returns  are  earned  from  its  interest  in  our 
asset  management  business,  and  therefore  this  MD&A  focuses  on  the  results  and  operations  thereof,  underlying  the 
equity earnings of the Manager.

All financial data is presented in U.S. dollars and, unless otherwise indicated, has been prepared in conformity with U.S. 
GAAP. Non-GAAP measures used in this MD&A are reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Business Overview

The Manager was established by the Corporation to give public shareholders direct access to this pure-play alternatives 
manager; the Manager participates in this business through its 25% ownership in the Asset Management Company. 

We  are  one  of  the  world’s  leading  alternative  asset  managers,  with  approximately  $800  billion  of  AUM  as  of 
December  31,  2022  across    renewable  power  and  transition,  infrastructure,  real  estate,  private  equity  and  credit.  We 
invest client capital for the long-term with a focus on real assets and essential service businesses that form the backbone 
of the global economy. We draw on our heritage as an owner and operator to invest for value and generate strong returns 
for our clients across economic cycles.

To do this, we leverage our exceptional team of over 2,500 investment and asset management professionals, our global 
reach, deep operating expertise and access to large-scale capital to identify attractive investment opportunities and invest 
on  a  proprietary  basis.  Our  investment  approach  and  strong  track  record  have  been  the  foundation  and  driver  of  our 
growth.

We provide a highly diversified suite of alternative investment strategies and are constantly innovating new products to 
meet client needs. We have over 50 unique strategies across numerous product offerings, spanning a wide range of risk-
adjusted returns, including opportunistic, value-add, core, super-core and credit. We evaluate the performance of these 
product offerings and our investment strategies using a number of non-GAAP measures as outlined in Item 5 "Operating 
and Financial Review and Prospects". The Manager will utilize Distributable Earnings to measure performance, while, in 

66                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

addition to this metric, Fee Revenues and Fee-Related Earnings are closely utilized in order to assess the performance of 
our asset management business.

We have over 2,000 clients, made up of some of the world’s largest institutional investors, including sovereign wealth 
funds, pension plans, endowments, foundations, financial institutions, insurance companies and individual investors.

We are in a fortunate position to be trusted with our clients’ capital and our objective is to meet their financial goals and 
provide  for  a  better  financial  future  while  providing  a  market  leading  experience.  Our  team  of  270  client  service 
professionals  across  18  global  offices  are  dedicated  to  our  clients  and  ensuring  the  business  is  exceeding  their  service 
expectations.

Our  guiding  principle  is  to  operate  our  business  and  conduct  our  relationships  with  the  highest  level  of  integrity.  Our 
emphasis on diversity and inclusion reinforces our culture of collaboration, allowing us to attract and retain top talent. 
Strong ESG practices are embedded throughout our business, underpinning our goal of having a positive impact on the 
communities and environment within which we operate.

Value Creation

We  create  shareholder  value  by  increasing  the  earnings  profile  of  our  asset  management  business.  Alternative  asset 
management  businesses  such  as  ours  are  typically  valued  based  on  multiples  of  their  Fee-Related  Earnings  and 
performance  income.  Accordingly,  we  create  value  by  increasing  the  amount  and  quality  of  fee-related  earnings  and 
carried  interest,  net  of  associated  costs.  This  growth  is  achieved  primarily  by  expanding  the  amount  of  Fee-Bearing 
Capital  we  manage,  earning  performance  income  such  as  carried  interest  through  superior  investment  results  and 
maintaining competitive operating margins.

As  at  December  31,  2022,  we  had  Fee-Bearing  Capital  of  $418  billion,  of  which  83%  is  long-dated  or  perpetual  in 
nature,  providing  significant  stability  to  our  earnings  profile.  We  consider  Fee-Bearing  Capital  that  is  long-dated  or 
perpetual in nature to be Fee-Bearing Capital relating to our long-term private funds, which are typically committed for 
10 years with two one-year extension options, and Fee-Bearing Capital relating to our perpetual strategies, which include 
the  perpetual  affiliates  as  well  as  capital  we  manage  in  our  perpetual  core  and  core  plus  private  funds.  We  seek  to 
increase our Fee-Bearing Capital by growing the size of our existing product offering and developing new strategies that 
cater  to  our  clients’  investment  needs.  We  also  aim  to  deepen  our  existing  institutional  relationships,  develop  new 
institutional relationships and access new distribution channels such as high net worth individuals and retail.

As of December 31, 2022, we had over 2,000 clients with a strong base in North America, Asia, the Middle East and 
Australia and a growing proportion of third-party commitments from Europe. Our high-net-worth channel also continues 
to grow and represents over 5% of current commitments. We have a dedicated team of over 100 people that are focused 
on distributing and developing catered products to the private wealth channel.

We  are  also  actively  progressing  new  growth  strategies,  including  secondaries,  technology,  insurance  and  transition. 
These new initiatives, in addition to our existing strategies are expected to have a very meaningful impact on our growth 
trajectory in the long term.

As we grow our Fee-Bearing Capital, we earn incremental base management fees. In order to support this growth, we 
have been growing our exceptional team of investment and asset management professionals. Our costs are predominantly 
in the form of compensation for the over 2,500 professionals we employ globally.

When deploying our clients’ capital, we seek to leverage our competitive advantages to acquire high-quality real assets 
or businesses that provide essential services that form the backbone of the global economy. We use our global reach and 
access  to  scale  capital  to  source  attractive  investment  opportunities  and  leverage  our  deep  operating  expertise  to 
underwrite investments and create value throughout our ownership. Our goal is to deliver superior investment returns to 
our clients and successfully doing so results in the continued growth of realized carried interest.

We  generate  robust  free  cash  flows  or  Distributable  Earnings,  which  is  our  primary  financial  performance  metric. 
Distributable  Earnings  of  the  Manager  represent  our  share  of  Distributable  Earnings  from  the  Asset  Management 
Company less general and administrative expenses, but excluding equity-based compensation costs, of the Manager. The 
Manager intends to pay out approximately 90% of our Distributable Earnings to shareholders quarterly and reinvest the 
balance  back  into  the  business.  See  Item  8.A  “Consolidated  Statements  and  Other  Financial  Information  —  Dividend 
Policy” for more information.

FORM 20-F                 67

We also monitor the broader markets and occasionally identify attractive, strategic investment opportunities that have the 
potential  to  supplement  our  existing  business  and  add  to  our  organic  growth.  We  expect  acquisitions  can  allow  us  to 
achieve immediate scale in a new asset class or grant us access to additional distribution channels. An example of such 
growth is the partnership we formed with Oaktree Capital Group, LLC in 2019. Such acquisitions may happen from time 
to time should they be additive to our franchise, attractive to our clients and accretive to our shareholders.

Products

Our  products  broadly  fall  into  one  of  three  categories:  (i)  long-term  private  funds,  (ii)  permanent  capital  vehicles  and 
perpetual strategies and (iii) liquid strategies. These are invested across five principal strategies: (i) Renewable Power,  
(ii) Infrastructure, (iii) Private Equity, (iv) Real Estate, and (v) Credit and other.

Fee-Bearing Capital Diversification

 AS AT DEC. 31, 2022 (BILLIONS)

Permanent capital 
vehicles and 
perpetual strategies
Long-term private 
funds

Liquid strategies

■

■

■

■

Renewable Power 
and Transition

■ Infrastructure

■ Private Equity

■ Real Estate

■ Credit and other

For discussion on Fee-Bearing Capital, see “Key Financial and Operating Measures”. 

Long-term Private Funds

As  of  December  31,  2022,  we  managed  approximately  $219  billion  of  Fee-Bearing  Capital  across  a  diverse  range  of 
long-term  private  funds  that  target  opportunistic  (20%+,  gross),  value-add  (15%-16%,  gross),  core  and  core  plus 
(9%-13%,  gross)  returns.  These  funds  are  generally  closed-end  and  have  a  long  duration,  typically  committed  for  10 
years with two one-year extension options.

On these products, we earn:

•

•

•

Diversified and long-term base management fees, typically on committed capital or invested capital, depending on 
the nature of the fund and the period that the fund is in its life,

Transaction  and  advisory  fees  on  co-investment  capital  that  we  raise  and  deploy  alongside  our  long-term  private 
funds, which vary based on transaction agreements, and

Carried interest or performance fees, which entitles us to a portion of overall fund profits, provided that investors 
receive a minimum prescribed preferred return. Carried interest is typically paid towards the end of the life of a fund 
after  capital  has  been  returned  to  investors  and  may  be  subject  to  “clawback”  until  all  investments  have  been 
monetized and minimum investment returns are sufficiently assured. The Corporation is entitled to receive 33.3% of 
the  carried  interest  on  new  sponsored  funds  of  our  asset  management  business  and  will  retain  all  of  the  carried 
interest earned on mature funds.

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

As of December 31, 2022, we managed approximately $127 billion of Fee-Bearing Capital across our permanent capital 
vehicles, perpetual core and core plus private funds.

On these products, we earn:

•

Long-term perpetual base management fees, which are based on the market capitalization or net asset value of our 
permanent capital vehicles and on the net asset value of our perpetual private funds.

68                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

$127$219$72$47$86$39$103$143•

•

Stable  incentive  distribution  fees  from  BEP  and  BIP,  which  are  linked  to  the  growth  in  cash  distributions  paid  to 
investors  above  a  predetermined  hurdle.  Both  BEP  and  BIP  have  a  long-standing  track  record  of  growing 
distributions annually within a target range of 5%-9%.

Performance fees from BBU are based on unit price performance above a prescribed high-water mark price, which 
are not subject to clawback, as well as carried interest on our perpetual private funds.

Liquid Strategies 

As of December 31, 2022, we managed approximately $72 billion of Fee-Bearing Capital across our liquid strategies, 
which included capital that we manage on behalf of our publicly listed funds and separately managed accounts, with a 
focus on fixed income and equity securities across real estate and infrastructure. 

On these products, we earn: 

•

•

Base management fees, which are based on committed capital or fund net asset value, and 

Performance income based on investment returns above a minimum prescribed return.

Review of Consolidated Financial Results of the Manager

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

The following table summarizes the financial results of the Manager for the period of July 4, 2022 to December 31, 2022:

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Expenses, net of recoveries

Compensation and benefits recovery     .......................................................................................................... $ 
General and administrative expense      ............................................................................................................
Unrealized carried interest compensation expense     ......................................................................................
Other expenses    .............................................................................................................................................
Total expenses     ...............................................................................................................................................
Share of income from equity method investments   .........................................................................................
Net income and comprehensive income    ..................................................................................................... $ 

37 
(1) 
(3) 
(35) 
(2) 
21 
19 

During  the  period  ended  December  31,  2022,  the  Manager  recorded  net  income  to  shareholders  of $19  million.  Net  income 
consists of the Manager’s equity interest in the earnings of the Asset Management Company less general and administrative 
expenses,  primarily  attributable  to  executive  compensation  costs  of  the  Manager.  A  material  portion  of  these  costs  are 
reimbursed  by  the  Corporation  and  the  Asset  Management  Business  in  accordance  with  the  Asset  Management  Services 
Agreement  and  the  Relationship  Agreement.  Refer  to  the  following  discussion  for  details  on  the  earnings  of  the  Asset 
Management Company. 

FORM 20-F                 69

 
 
 
 
 
The following table summarizes the statement of operations for the Asset Management Company for 2022, 2021 and 2020:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Revenues
Management fee revenues

Base management and advisory fees    ......................................................... $ 
Performance fees  .......................................................................................

Total management fee revenues
Investment income

Carried interest allocations

Realized    ...................................................................................................
Unrealized    ...............................................................................................
Total investment income   ..............................................................................
Interest and dividend revenue      ......................................................................
Other revenues   .............................................................................................
Total revenues ..............................................................................................
Expenses
Compensation, operating, and general and administrative expenses

Compensation and benefits      .......................................................................
Other operating expenses     ..........................................................................
General, administrative and other ..............................................................

Total compensation, operating, and general and administrative expenses
Carried interest allocation compensation

Realized  .....................................................................................................
Unrealized     .................................................................................................
Total carried interest allocation compensation    ............................................
Interest expense  ............................................................................................
Total expenses ..............................................................................................
Other income (expenses), net   .......................................................................
Share of income from equity accounted investments    ..................................
Income before taxes     .....................................................................................
Income tax expense   ......................................................................................
Net income    ..................................................................................................
Net (income) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests in 
consolidated funds    .......................................................................................
Net (income) attributable to preferred share redeemable non-controlling 
interest  ..........................................................................................................
Net (income) attributable to non-controlling interest   ..................................
Net income attributable to common stockholders     .................................. $ 

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

2022

2021

2020

2,835  $ 
— 

2,835 

2,266  $ 
157 

2,423 

1,892 
— 
1,892 

241 
249 

490 
258 
44 

49 
299 

348 
293 
23 

3,627 

3,087 

(700)   
(236)   
(81)   

(1,017)   

(61)   
(139)   

(200)   
(154)   

(1,371)   
1,090 
146 

3,492 
(627)   

2,865 

(909)   

(703)   
(185)   
(132)   
(1,020)   

(74)   
(137)   
(211)   
(171)   
(1,402)   
1,504 
161 

3,350 
(504)   
2,846 

(977)   
— 

(35) 
(6)   
1,915  $ 

— 

1,869  $ 

32 
(97) 
(65) 
287 
40 
2,154 

(519) 
(157) 
(114) 
(790) 

(55) 
(65) 
(120) 
(257) 
(1,167) 
(226) 
38 
799 
(226) 
573 

(175) 
— 

— 

398 

Net income for the year was $2.9 billion, of which $1.9 billion was attributable to the Asset Management Company. This 
compares to net income of $2.8 billion for the prior year, of which $1.9 billion was attributable to the Asset Management 
Company.

Revenues

Revenues for the year were $3.6 billion, which represents an increase of $540 million or 17% compared to $3.1 billion in 
2021.

70                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Base management and advisory fees, excluding incentive distributions, for the year were $2.5 billion, which represents 
an increase of $549 million or 28% compared to the prior year. The increase was predominantly driven by incremental 
contributions from capital raised for our latest flagship funds and capital deployed across our complementary strategies. 

Incentive distributions for the year were $335 million, an increase of $20 million from the prior year, driven by growth in 
dividends at BIP and BEP which increased by 6% and 5% respectively, partially offset by the absence of BPY incentive 
distributions following its privatization in 2021. 

The prior year benefitted from a performance fee of $157 million earned as a result of the share price of BBU exceeding 
the previous high-watermark threshold, attributable to an increase in the volume weighted average unit price during the 
year. In the current year, BBU did not surpass this hurdle and therefore no performance fees were recognized. The high-
water mark threshold to earn additional performance fees as at December 31, 2022 was $31.53 per unit, reflecting the 
adjusted high-watermark resulting from the special distribution of Brookfield Business Corporation ("BBUC").

Carried interest allocations

Realized  carried  interest  allocations  were  $241  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  which  represents  an 
increase of $192 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The higher realized carried interest allocations 
were primarily driven by realizations within our real estate long-term and perpetual funds, as well as a realization within 
our infrastructure business.

Unrealized  carried  interest  allocations  were  $249  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  which  represents  a 
decrease of $50 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The lower unrealized carried interest allocations 
were primarily related to lower growth in valuations in our real estate funds relative to prior year. 

Interest and dividend revenue for the year were $258 million, which represents a decrease of $35 million compared to the 
year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was a result of the transfer of certain investments and loans of the asset 
management business to the Corporation as part of the Special Distribution.

Expenses

Expenses for the year were $1.4 billion, a decrease of $31 million or 2% compared to 2021. 

Compensation and benefits for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $700 million, which represents a decrease of $3 
million compared to the prior year. This decrease is primarily attributable to an unrealized mark-to-market gain on the 
value of certain employee compensation related liabilities, partially offset by an increase in compensation costs in line 
with the growth of our business. 

Other  operating  expenses  are  comprised  of  professional  fees,  facilities  and  technology,  as  well  as  travel  costs  directly 
associated  with  our  fundraising  and  investment  functions.  Other  operating  expenses  were  $236  million  for  the  year, 
compared to $185 million in 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in headcount and travel activity 
during the current year.

Compensation  expenses  related  to  carried  interest  allocation  compensation  were  $200  million  for  the  year,  which 
represents a decrease of $11 million compared to the prior year. The decrease is predominantly driven by a decrease in 
valuation gains compared to prior year across our funds. As outlined in the Relationship Agreement, the compensation 
expense associated with these legacy funds is fully recoverable from the Corporation. 

Other income 

Other  income  primarily  consists  of  mark-to-market  adjustments  on  the  interest  in  Brookfield  Strategic  Real  Estate 
Partners  III  (“BSREP  III”).  During  the  year,  we  recorded  other  income  of  $1.1  billion  primarily  driven  by  valuation 
uplifts in this fund; in 2021 valuation gains from this fund lead to $1.5 billion of other income.

Share of income (loss) from equity accounted investments

Our share of income from equity accounted investments was $146 million compared to income of $161 million in the 
prior  year.  This  line  item  primarily  consists  of  earnings  associated  with  our  64%  interest  in  Oaktree.  The  decrease  in 
current year was a direct result of valuation decreases within certain Oaktree funds.

Income tax expense 

Income tax expense was $627 million for the year, which represents an increase of $123 million compared to the prior 
year. This was predominantly driven by higher taxable net income during the current period. 

FORM 20-F                 71

Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated funds

Net  income  attributable  to  redeemable  non-controlling  interests  in  consolidated  funds  was  $909  million  for  the  year 
ended  December  31,  2022,  which  represents  a  $68  million  decrease  compared  to  2021.  The  decrease  was  primarily 
attributable to higher valuation gains recognized on our interest in BSREP III U.S. investments in the prior year.

Net income attributable to preferred share redeemable non-controlling interest

Net  income  attributable  to  preferred  share  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  was  $35  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022, which represents a $35 million increase compared to 2021. The increase was primarily attributable 
to higher valuation gains recognized on our interest in BSREP III U.S. investments after the completion of the spin-off.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $2.8 billion, of which $1.9 billion was attributable to the Asset 
Management Company. This compares to net income of $573 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, of which 
$398 million was attributable to the Asset Management Company. Net income benefitted from significant growth in base 
management  and  advisory  fees  and  performance  fees  due  to  strong  flagship  fundraising,  the  higher  average  market 
capitalization  of  our  permanent  capital  vehicles  and  valuation  gains  related  to  our  investment  in  BSREP  III,  partially 
offset by higher compensation costs in conjunction with the step change growth of our asset management business.

Revenues

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021 were $3.1 billion, an increase of $0.9 billion or 43% compared to $2.2 
billion for the year ended December 31, 2020. 

Base  management  and  advisory  fees,  excluding  incentive  distributions,  were  $2.0  billion  for  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2021,  which  represents  an  increase  of  $365  million  or  23%  compared  to  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2020.  The  increase  was  largely  driven  by  the  higher  average  market  capitalization  of  our  permanent  capital  vehicles 
during the year. In addition, we benefitted from the contribution of fees from our latest round of flagship funds, including 
our fourth flagship real estate fund and our global transition fund. 

Incentive  distributions  were  $315  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  which  represents  an  increase  of  $9 
million  compared  to  $306  million  in  the  prior  year.  The  increase  was  attributable  to  $37  million  of  incremental  fees 
earned from BEP and BIP as a result of 5% increases in their dividends. These increases were partially offset by a $28 
million reduction in incentive distributions related to BPY, as 2021 included two quarters of incentive distributions prior 
to the privatization of BPY in July 2021.

Performance fees were $157 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, driven by $157 million from BBU as BBU’s 
share  price  surpassed  its  high-water  mark  threshold,  setting  a  go  forward  high-water  mark  of  $47.30  per  unit.  BBU’s 
high-water mark threshold was not reached in 2020, thus no incentive distribution was earned in this year.

Unrealized  carried  interest  allocations  were  $299  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  which  represents  an 
increase  of  $396  million  compared  to  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020.  The  2021  period  includes  valuation  gains 
across sectors within our first and second flagship real estate fund and our perpetual real estate fund. The prior year was 
impacted by valuation losses associated with the pandemic for the aforementioned funds.

Interest and dividend revenue for 2021 were $293 million, which represents an increase of $6 million compared to the 
year ended December 31, 2020.

Expenses

Expenses  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021  were  $1.4  billion,  an  increase  of  $235  million  compared  to  the  year 
ended December 31, 2020. 

Compensation  expenses  increased  by  $184  million  to  $703  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021, 
predominantly  driven  by  additional  headcount  to  support  new  funds  and  products  launched  in  2021,  as  well  as 
incremental headcount to deploy capital raised across our flagship product offering. 

Compensation  expenses  related  to  unrealized  carried  interest  allocations  were  $137  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021, compared to $65 million in the prior year. The increase is related to growth in unrealized carried 
interest allocations during the year as valuations recovered across sectors within our real estate funds.  

72                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Other income and expenses, net

Other  income  and  expenses,  net  totaled  $1.5  billion  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  compared  to  expenses  of 
$226 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. The 2021 period benefitted from $1.3 billion of valuation gains 
related  to  our  investment  in  BSREP  III,  primarily  attributable  to  capitalization  rate  compression  in  the  multi-family 
sector. 

Share of income from equity accounted investments

Our share of income from equity accounted investments was $161 million, an increase of $123 million compared to $38 
million  recognized  in  the  prior  year.  The  increase  predominantly  related  to  higher  Fee-Related  Earnings  and  carried 
interest allocations at Oaktree as a result of strong fundraising and capital deployment activities.  

Income tax expense

Income  tax  expense  was  $504  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  which  represents  an  increase  of  $278 
million compared to the prior year. This was predominantly driven by significantly higher taxable net income during the 
current year. 

FORM 20-F                 73

Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Operations

The following unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations of the Asset Management Company gives pro 
forma effect to the Special Distribution and Arrangement as though the transactions had occurred on January 1, 2021. 
For further detail on the pro forma adjustments, see Appendix A to this Management Discussion and Analysis.

Management  believes  that  presenting  the  pro  forma  statement  of  operations  provides  a  more  appropriate  view  of  our 
business, as the financial results prior to December 9, 2022 includes financial results that will not be relevant to the asset 
management business on a go forward basis. For analysis purposes below, only financial statement line items that have 
changed as a result of the pro forma impact are discussed. 

The following table summarizes the statement of operations on a pro forma basis for the asset management business for 
2022 and 2021:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS) (Unaudited)
Revenues
Management fee revenues

Base management and advisory fees    ................................................................................. $ 
Performance fees  ...............................................................................................................

Total management fee revenues
Investment income

Carried interest allocations

Realized    ...........................................................................................................................
Unrealized    .......................................................................................................................
Total investment income   ......................................................................................................
Interest and dividend revenue      ..............................................................................................
Other revenues   .....................................................................................................................
Total revenues ......................................................................................................................
Expenses
Compensation, operating, and general and administrative expenses

Compensation and benefits      ...............................................................................................
Other operating expenses     ..................................................................................................
General and administrative     ................................................................................................

Total compensation, operating, and general and administrative expenses
Carried interest allocation compensation    .............................................................................
Total expenses ......................................................................................................................
Other (expenses) income, net   ...............................................................................................
Share of income from equity accounted investments    ..........................................................
Income before taxes     .............................................................................................................
Income tax expense   ..............................................................................................................
Net income    ..........................................................................................................................
Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest ..........................................
Net (income) attributable to preferred share redeemable non-controlling interest   ..............
Net (income) attributable non-controlling interest      ..............................................................
Net income attributable to the Asset Management Company   ....................................... $ 

Pro Forma

2022

2021

2,909  $ 
— 

2,909 

2,392 
157 

2,549 

241 
249 

490 
55 
188 

49 
299 

348 
13 
358 

3,642 

3,268 

(674)   
(236)   
(66)   

(976)   
(124)   
(1,100)   
162 
146 

2,850 
(689)   

2,161 
— 
(546)   
(98)   

1,517  $ 

(830) 
(185) 
(63) 

(1,078) 
(211) 
(1,289) 
26 
161 

2,166 
(569) 

1,597 
— 
(488) 
— 

1,109 

74                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Net income for the year was $2.2 billion, of which $1.5 billion was attributable to the Asset Management Company. This 
compares to net income of $1.6 billion for the prior year, of which $1.1 billion was attributable to the Asset Management 
Company. The increase in net income for the year was predominantly as a result of a 22% growth in base management 
and advisory fees over prior year, which was partially offset by the absence of $157 million in performance fees. 

Revenues

Revenues for the year were $3.6 billion, which represents an increase of $374 million or 11% compared to $3.3 billion in 
2021.

Base management and advisory fees for the year were $2.9 billion, which represents an increase of $517 million or 22% 
compared to the prior year. The increase was predominantly driven by incremental contributions from capital raised for 
our latest flagship funds and contributions from complementary strategies. 

Other revenues were $188 million, which represents a decrease of $170 million or 47% compared to $358 million in 2021. The 
decrease  was  driven  by  lower  recharges  related  to  compensation  costs  to  the  Corporation  as  outlined  in  the  AMSA  and 
Relationship Agreement. 

Expenses

Expenses for the year were $1.1 billion, relative to $1.3 billion in 2021. 

Compensation  and  benefits  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  were  $674  million,  which  represents  a  decrease  of 
$156  million  compared  to  the  prior  year.  This  decrease  is  due  to  a  decline  in  the  mark-to-market  value  of  liabilities 
related to certain equity-based compensation awards, partially offset by an increase in headcount commensurate with the 
growth in our business.

Compensation expenses related to carried interest allocations were $124 million for the year, a decrease of $87 million 
compared to the prior year. The decrease is predominantly due to the impact of lower valuation uplifts on legacy funds 
relative to the prior year. 

Other income 

Other income of $162 million primarily consists of mark-to-market adjustments on our interest in BSREP III, our third 
flagship  real  estate  fund.  2021  included  transaction  costs  related  to  the  spin-out  and  public  listing  of  our  asset 
management business.

Income tax expense 

Income tax expense was $689 million for the year, which represents an increase of $120 million compared to the prior 
year. This increase was largely driven by higher taxable net income during the current period. 

Net (income) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest

Net  income  attributable  to  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  was  $nil  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022,  and 
December 31, 2021.

Net (income) attributable to preferred share redeemable non-controlling interest 

Net  income  attributable  to  preferred  share  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  was  $546  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022, an increase of $58 million from the prior year. The increase was primarily attributable to carried 
interest realizations in our real estate funds and a realization within our infrastructure business. 

Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 

Net income attributable to non-controlling interest was $98 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This income 
represents 33.3% of the carried interest generated from BSREP IV and other new funds that is earned by the Corporation 
through its holding of an affiliate of the Asset Management Company. 

FORM 20-F                 75

Consolidated Balance Sheet

The following table summarizes the consolidated balance sheet of the Manager as at December 31, 2022:

AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents     .............................................................................................................................. $ 
Due from affiliates   .........................................................................................................................................
Investments      ....................................................................................................................................................
Total Assets   ................................................................................................................................................... $ 

Liabilities 
Accounts payable   ........................................................................................................................................... $ 
Due to affiliates   ..............................................................................................................................................

Total Liabilities   .............................................................................................................................................
Common Equity     ...........................................................................................................................................
Total Liabilities and Equity   ......................................................................................................................... $ 

1 
782 
2,378 
3,161 

781 
3 

784 
2,377 
3,161 

As at December 31, 2022, the Manager’s total assets were $3.2 billion, consisting primarily of the 25% interest in the 
Asset  Management  Company  and  reimbursements  due  from  affiliates  related  to  long-term  executive  compensation 
programs  assumed  by  the  Manager.  Liabilities  of  $784  million  primarily  consist  of  the  aforementioned  executive 
compensation programs.

76                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
Refer to the section below for details of the Asset Management Company’s consolidated and combined balance sheets as 
at December 31, 2022 and 2021: 

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents   ..................................................................................................... $ 
Accounts receivable and other    ..............................................................................................
Due from affiliates    ................................................................................................................
Investments   ...........................................................................................................................
Property, plant and equipment     ..............................................................................................
Intangible assets    ....................................................................................................................
Goodwill       ...............................................................................................................................
Deferred income tax assets    ...................................................................................................
Total Assets

$ 

Liabilities and Shareholder’s Equity
Accounts payable and other   .................................................................................................. $ 
Due to affiliates   .....................................................................................................................
Corporate borrowings       ...........................................................................................................
Deferred income tax liabilities 
Total Liabilities 

2022

2021

3,545  $ 
429 
2,121 
6,877 
68 
59 
249 
739 
14,087  $ 

1,842  $ 
811 
— 
17 
2,670 

2,494 
224 
6,732 
13,564 
48 
64 
249 

2,268 
25,643 

1,872 
8,207 

461 
700 
11,240 

Redeemable non-controlling interest     ....................................................................................
Preferred shares redeemable non-controlling interest   ...........................................................

— 
1,811 

4,532 
— 

Equity
Net Parent Investment    ...........................................................................................................

— 

9,715 

Common stock (Common shares - unlimited authorized, 1,635,327,858 issued and 
outstanding)   ...........................................................................................................................
   Retained earnings   ...............................................................................................................
   Accumulated other comprehensive income    .......................................................................
Non-controlling interest   .......................................................................................................

9,271 
84 
153 
98 

— 
— 
156 
— 

Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest  and common equity  .................. $ 

14,087  $ 

25,643 

As at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 

Total  assets  were  $14.1  billion  as  at  December  31,  2022,  compared  to  $25.6  billion  as  at  December  31,  2021.  The 
decrease  in  total  assets  was  primarily  the  result  of  the  deconsolidation  of  BSREP  III  following  the  transfer  of  voting 
interests to the Corporation, the settlement of related party loans and the utilization of deferred income tax assets during 
the year.

Cash and cash equivalents were $3.5 billion, an increase of $1.1 billion from the prior year due to the strong operating 
cashflows generated by our asset management activities. Of this balance, $3.3 billion is on deposit with the Corporation.

Accounts  receivable  and  other  of  $429  million  primarily  consist  of  fees  receivable.  The  timing  of  collection  largely 
drove the increase from the prior year.

Due from affiliates of $2.1 billion primarily relates to management fees billed but not collected from our managed funds 
as  well  as  reimbursements  due  from  the  Corporation  for  long-term  cash  based  and  equity  compensation  awards.  The 
decrease of $4.6 billion from the prior year was primarily the result of settlements during the year.

FORM 20-F                 77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments of $6.9 billion are predominantly comprised of an 18% limited partnership interest in BSREP III and a 64% 
interest in Oaktree. The decrease from the prior period of $6.7 billion was primarily a result of the deconsolidation of 
third-party  interests  in  BSREP  III  following  the  transfer  of  voting  rights  to  a  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  the 
Corporation, along with the transfer of other legacy investments to the Corporation.

Total liabilities were $2.7 billion as at December 31, 2022, a decrease of $8.6 billion compared to the prior year. The 
decrease was primarily the result of the settlement of related party borrowings under legacy agreements during the year, 
which reduced the amounts due to affiliates by $7.4 billion. Further to this, all corporate borrowings were also settled as 
part of the Arrangement.

Redeemable  non-controlling  interest  was  $nil  as  at  December  31,  2022,  a  decrease  of  $4.5  billion  compared  to  $4.5 
billion as at December 31, 2021. This reduction was primarily related to the deconsolidation of BSREP III during the 
year in alignment with the Arrangement. 

The Preferred shares redeemable non-controlling interest was $1.8 billion as at December 31, 2022, an increase of $1.8 
billion compared to $nil as at December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily related to the issuance of preferred shares 
associated with tracked assets to Brookfield US Holdings Inc. ("BUSHI") and Brookfield Manager Holdings Ltd.
("BMHL"). 

78                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Review of Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the changes in the Manager’s cash during the period ended December 31, 2022:

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Operating activities

Net income  ................................................................................................................................................... $ 

Non-cash adjustments    ....................................................................................................................................
Undistributed earnings of investments accounted for under the equity method    .........................................
Other expense    ..............................................................................................................................................
Compensation and benefits recovery    ...........................................................................................................
Unrealized carried interest compensation expense  ......................................................................................
Working capital movements  ........................................................................................................................
Due from affiliates   .......................................................................................................................................
Accounts Payable     ........................................................................................................................................

Financing activities

Change in amount due to affiliates
Share subscriptions
Purchase of treasury shares

Cash and cash equivalents

Change in cash and cash equivalents     ...........................................................................................................
Balance, beginning of year    ..........................................................................................................................
Balance, end of year      .................................................................................................................................... $ 

19 

(21) 
35 
(37) 
3 

(782) 
781 
(2) 

281 
52 
(330) 
3 

1 
— 
1 

As at December 31, 2022, the Manager’s operating activities generated $1 million of net cashflow. Refer to the following 
table that summarizes our asset management business’ consolidated statement of cash flows for the for the years ended 
December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020: 

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Operating activities before net changes in working capital and other non-cash 
operating items      ............................................................................................................ $ 
Net changes in working capital     ...................................................................................
Other non-cash operating items    ..................................................................................
Operating activities      ....................................................................................................
Investing activities    ......................................................................................................
Financing activities     ....................................................................................................
Change in cash and cash equivalents 

$ 

2022

2021

2020

1,988  $ 
(3,020)   
658 
(374)   
1,706 
(280)   
1,052  $ 

1,669  $ 
(246)   
20 
1,443 
(861)   
(187)   
395  $ 

1,203 
102 
481 
1,786 
(759) 
(576) 
451 

FORM 20-F                 79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 

Operating Activities

Net  cash  outflows  from  operating  activities  totaled  $0.4  billion,  compared  to  $1.4  billion  of  net  inflows  in  the  prior 
period. Excluding net changes in working capital and other non-cash operating items, operating cash inflows were $2.0 
billion, representing an increase of $319 million driven by the growth of our asset management earnings as a result of 
flagship fundraising and the introduction of new products.

Investing Activities 

Net cash inflows from investing activities totaled $1.7 billion, compared to net cash outflows of $861 million in the prior 
period. The current period includes inflows of $2.1 billion related to the sale of investments to the Corporation. These 
inflows were partially offset by cash outflows of $279 million related to the acquisition of Primary Wave and acquiring 
an additional interest in Oaktree. Cash outflows in 2021 were primarily related to the purchase of financial assets.

Financing Activities

Net  cash  outflows  from  financing  activities  totaled  $280  million,  compared  to  outflows  of  $187  million  in  the  prior 
period. The current period primarily consists of repayments of related party loans of $324 million and distributions to the 
Corporation  and  non-controlling  interest  of  $3.2  billion  and  $1.3  billion  respectively.  These  outflows  were  partially 
offset by $5.2 billion of contributions from parent. The prior period outflows were primarily as a result of distributions to 
the  Asset  Management  Company,  being  partially  offset  by  inflows  from  issuance  of  corporate  borrowings  and  related 
party loans.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 

Operating Activities

Net cash inflows from operating activities were $1.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $1.8 
billion in the prior year. Excluding net changes in working capital and other non-cash operating items, operating cash 
inflows were $1.7 billion, and benefitted from significant growth within our asset management business.  

Investing Activities 

Net cash outflows from investing activities totaled $861 million, compared to $759 million in the prior year. Outflows 
for the year ended December 31, 2021 were primarily attributable to $803 million of acquisitions of investments, net of 
dispositions. The net cash outflows in the prior year were also primarily attributable to investment acquisitions. 

Financing Activities

Net cash outflows from financing activities totaled $187 million, compared to net outflows of $576 million in the prior 
year. Outflows for the year ended December 31, 2021 consisted of $1.4 billion of distributions to the Corporation and 
were  mostly  offset  by  $736  million  of  contributions  from  redeemable  non-controlling  interests  associated  with  third-
party capital from BSREP III capital calls and proceeds of $461 million from the issuance of corporate borrowings. The 
prior  year  outflows  were  caused  by  distributions  to  the  Corporation  of  $1.3  billion  that  were  partially  offset  by  $551 
million of contributions from redeemable non-controlling interests associated with third-party capital provided for capital 
calls of BSREP III and $136 million from the issuance of related party loans.

80                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Key Financial and Operating Measures

The Manager and the Asset Management Company prepare their financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. 
This  MD&A  discloses  a  number  of  non-GAAP  financial  and  supplemental  financial  measures  which  are  utilized  in 
monitoring  our  asset  management  business,  including  for  performance  measurement,  capital  allocation  and  valuation 
purposes. The Manager believes that providing these performance measures is helpful to investors in assessing overall 
performance, as well as the performance of our asset management business. These non-GAAP financial measures should 
not be considered as the sole measure of the Manager’s or our asset management business’ performance and should not 
be  considered  in  isolation  from,  or  as  a  substitute  for,  similar  financial  measures  calculated  in  conformity  with  U.S. 
GAAP  financial  measures.  These  non-GAAP  measures  are  not  standardized  financial  measures  and  may  not  be 
comparable  to  similar  financial  measures  used  by  other  issuers.  The  asset  management  business  includes  the  asset 
management activities of Oaktree, an equity accounted affiliate, in its key financial and operating measures for our asset 
management business. See “Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures”.

Non-GAAP Measures 

Distributable Earnings

Distributable  Earnings  used  by  the  Manager  provides  insight  into  earnings  that  are  available  for  distribution  or  to  be 
reinvested by the Manager. Distributable Earnings of the Manager represent its share of Distributable Earnings from our 
asset management business less general and administrative expenses, but excluding equity-based compensation costs, of 
the  Manager.  The  most  directly  comparable  measure  disclosed  in  our  primary  financial  statements  for  Distributable 
Earnings of the Manager is net income.

Distributable  Earnings  used  by  our  asset  management  business  provides  insight  into  earnings  that  are  available  for 
distribution or to be reinvested by our asset management business. It is calculated as the sum of its Fee-Related Earnings, 
realized  carried  interest,  realized  principal  investments,  interest  expense,  and  general  and  administrative  expenses; 
excluding  equity-based  compensation  costs  and  depreciation  and  amortization.  The  most  directly  comparable  measure 
disclosed in the primary financial statements of our asset management business for Distributable Earnings is net income.

The Manager intends to pay out approximately 90% of its Distributable Earnings to shareholders quarterly and reinvest 
the  balance  back  into  the  business.  The  asset  management  business  intends  to  pay  dividends  to  the  Manager  on  a 
quarterly  basis  sufficient  to  ensure  that  the  Manager  can  pay  its  intended  dividend.  See  “Dividend  Policy”  for  more 
information.

Fee Revenues

Fee Revenues is a key metric analyzed by management to determine the growth in recurring cash flows from our asset 
management  business.  Fee  Revenues  include  base  management  fees,  incentive  distributions,  performance  fees  and 
transaction fees. Fee Revenues exclude carried interest, but include Fee Revenues earned by Oaktree. The most directly 
comparable measure of Fee Revenues disclosed in the primary financial statements is total management fee revenues.

Fee-Related Earnings

Fee-Related  Earnings  is  used  to  provide  additional  insight  into  the  operating  profitability  of  our  asset  management 
activities. Fee-Related Earnings are recurring in nature and not based on future realization events. Fee-Related Earnings 
is comprised of Fee Revenues less direct costs associated with earning those fees, which include employee expenses and 
professional  fees  as  well  as  business  related  technology  costs,  other  shared  services  and  taxes.  The  most  directly 
comparable measure of Fee-Related Earnings disclosed in the primary financial statements is net income.

Supplemental Financial Measures Utilized by Our Asset Management Business

Assets under management

Assets under management (“AUM”) refers to the total fair value of assets managed, calculated as follows: 

•

investments  that  Brookfield,  which  includes  the  Corporation,  the  asset  management  business  or  their  affiliates, 
either:

◦

consolidates  for  accounting  purposes  (generally,  investments  in  respect  of  which  Brookfield  has  a  significant 
economic interest and unilaterally directs day-to-day operating, investing and financing activities), or

FORM 20-F                 81

◦

◦

does not consolidate for accounting purposes but over which Brookfield has significant influence by virtue of 
one or more attributes (e.g., being the largest investor in the investment, having the largest representation on the 
investment’s  governance  body,  being  the  primary  manager  and/or  operator  of  the  investment,  and/or  having 
other significant influence attributes), 

are calculated at 100% of the total fair value of the investment taking into account its full capital structure — 
equity and debt — on a gross asset value basis, even if Brookfield does not own 100% of the investment, with 
the  exception  of  investments  held  through  our  perpetual  funds,  which  are  calculated  at  its  proportionate 
economic share of the investment’s net asset value.

•

all  other  investments  are  calculated  at  Brookfield’s  proportionate  economic  share  of  the  total  fair  value  of  the 
investment taking into account its full capital structure — equity and debt — on a gross asset value basis, with the 
exception  of  investments  held  through  our  perpetual  funds,  which  are  calculated  at  Brookfield’s  proportionate 
economic share of the investment’s net asset value.

Our  methodology  for  determining  AUM  differs  from  the  methodology  that  is  employed  by  other  alternative  asset 
managers as well as the methodology for calculating regulatory AUM that is prescribed for certain regulatory filings 
(e.g., Form ADV and Form PF).

Fee-Bearing Capital

Fee-Bearing  Capital  represents  the  capital  committed,  pledged  or  invested  in  our  permanent  capital  vehicles,  private 
funds and liquid strategies that we manage which entitles us to earn Fee Revenues. Fee-Bearing Capital includes both 
called (“invested”) and uncalled (“pledged” or “committed”) amounts.

When reconciling period amounts, we utilize the following definitions: 

•

•

•

Inflows  include  capital  commitments  and  contributions  to  our  private  and  liquid  strategies  funds,  and  equity 
issuances from the permanent capital vehicles.

Outflows represent distributions and redemptions of capital from within the liquid strategies capital.

Distributions represent quarterly distributions from the permanent capital vehicles as well as returns of committed 
capital  (excluding  market  valuation  adjustments),  redemptions  and  expiry  of  uncalled  commitments  within  our 
private funds.

• Market  valuation  includes  gains  (losses)  on  portfolio  investments,  the  permanent  capital  vehicles  and  liquid 

strategies based on market prices.

•

Other includes changes in net non-recourse leverage included in the determination of the permanent capital vehicle 
capitalizations and the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on non-U.S. dollar commitments.

Uncalled Fund Commitments

Total  uncalled  fund  commitments  includes  capital  callable  from  fund  investors,  including  funds  outside  of  their 
investment period, for which capital is callable for follow-on investments.

82                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Analysis of Key Non-GAAP Financial and Operating Measures of Our Asset Management Business

The following section contains a discussion and analysis of key financial and operating measures utilized in managing 
our asset management business, including for performance measurement, capital allocation and valuation purposes. For 
further detail on our non-GAAP and performance measures, please refer to “Key Financial and Operating Measures”.

Distributable Earnings

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)

2020
Fee Revenues   ................................................................................................................ $  4,048  $  3,523  $  2,870 

2022

2021

Fee-Related Earnings1
  .................................................................................................
1,376 
Add back: equity-based compensation costs   .................................................................
51 
Taxes and other   .............................................................................................................
— 
Disposition gains from principal investments    ...............................................................
71 
Distributable Earnings   ................................................................................................ $  2,096  $  1,892  $  1,498 

2,108 
86 
(98) 
— 

1,827 
123 
(58) 
— 

1. Fee-Related Earnings include Oaktree’s Fee-Related Earnings at our 64% share (2021 - 62%).

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Distributable  Earnings  were  $2.1  billion  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  an  increase  of  $204  million  or  11% 
compared to the prior year. The increase was driven by higher Fee-Related Earnings, primarily attributable to fundraising 
across our flagship funds and capital deployment efforts across our complementary strategies, partially offset by lower 
fees from our permanent capital vehicles due to a decline in their share prices compared to prior year. 

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Distributable  Earnings  were  $1.9  billion  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  an  increase  of  $394  million  or  26% 
compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily attributable to higher Fee-Related Earnings, driven by significant 
fundraising and capital deployment efforts.

Fee-Bearing Capital

The following table summarizes Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

AS AT

(MILLIONS)
Renewable power and transition      ............................................ $ 
Infrastructure    ..........................................................................
Real estate    ...............................................................................
Private equity    ..........................................................................
Credit and other     ......................................................................
December 31, 2022    ................................................................ $ 
December 31, 2021    ................................................................. $ 

Long-Term 
Private Funds

Perpetual 
Strategies

Liquid 
Strategies

Total 

47,218 
26,708  $  20,510  $ 
85,887 
44,512 
103,025 
69,473 
39,317 
31,501 
142,416 
46,663 
218,857  $  127,155  $  71,851  $  417,863 
169,279  $  114,624  $  80,230  $  364,133 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
71,851 

41,375 
33,552 
7,816 
23,902 

Fee-Bearing Capital was $418 billion as at December 31, 2022 compared to $364 billion as at December 31, 2021. The 
increase of $54 billion was primarily attributable to inflows of $108 billion resulting from capital raised across flagship 
funds, capital inflows within credit and other funds in our insurance solutions business, and capital raised and deployed 
across various strategies. These increases were partially offset by lower market valuations and outflows within our liquid 
credit strategies and decreases in the market capitalizations of BEP and BIP due to a decline in share prices compared to 
prior year.

FORM 20-F                 83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The changes are set out in the following tables:

AS AT

(MILLIONS)
Balance, December 31, 
2021     ................................... $ 
Inflows      ..............................
Outflows    ............................
Distributions     ......................
Market Valuation       ..............
Other   ..................................
Change      ..............................
Balance,  December  31, 
2022    ..................................... $ 

Renewable 
Power and 
Transition

Infrastructure Real Estate

Private 
Equity

Credit and 
Other

Total 

47,525  $ 
6,823 
— 
(1,428)   
(5,873)   
171 
(307)   

67,736  $ 
26,974 
— 
(3,794)   
(5,053)   
24 
18,151 

82,282  $ 
18,850 

(394)   
(4,556)   
1,645 
5,198 
20,743 

34,395  $  132,195  $ 
9,135 
— 
(810)   
(2,534)   
(869)   
4,922 

45,887 
(21,648)   
(1,573)   
(8,432)   
(4,013)   
10,221 

364,133 
107,669 
(22,042) 
(12,161) 
(20,247) 
511 
53,730 

47,218  $ 

85,887  $ 

103,025  $ 

39,317  $  142,416  $ 

417,863 

The following table summarizes Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2021 and 2020:

AS AT

(MILLIONS)
Renewable power and transition   ................................................... $ 
Infrastructure     .................................................................................
Real estate   .....................................................................................
Private equity      ................................................................................
Credit and other     .............................................................................
December 31, 2021      ...................................................................... $ 
December 31, 2020   ....................................................................... $ 

Long-Term 
Private 
Funds

Perpetual 
Strategies

Liquid 
Strategies

Total

—  $  47,525 
20,682  $  26,843  $ 
67,736 
— 
31,119 
82,282 
— 
52,332 
34,395 
— 
26,079 
39,067 
  132,195 
80,230 
169,279  $  114,624  $  80,230  $  364,133 
135,462  $  103,361  $  72,797  $  311,620 

36,617 
29,950 
8,316 
12,898 

As at December 31, 2021, our Fee-Bearing Capital was $364.1 billion, an increase of $52.5 billion compared to $311.6 
billion  as  at  December  31,  2020.  The  increase  was  primarily  attributable  to  inflows  resulting  from  reinsurance 
agreements  closed  during  the  year  by  our  insurance  solutions  business,  fundraising  for  our  fourth  flagship  real  estate 
fund,  our  inaugural  global  transition  fund,  as  well  as  capital  deployed  across  various  investment  strategies.  These 
increases were partially offset by outflows due to redemptions within our liquid credit strategies.

AS AT

(MILLIONS)
Balance, 
December 31, 2020  ... $ 
Inflows  ......................
Outflows   ...................
Distributions    .............
Market Valuation  ......
Other   .........................
Change   ......................
Balance, 
December 31, 2021   .. $ 

Renewable 
Power and 
Transition

Infrastructure

Real Estate

Private 
Equity

Credit and 
Other

45,440  $ 
10,510 
— 
(1,427)   
(6,169)   
(829)   
2,085 

62,535  $ 
4,619 
— 
(3,708)   
5,426 
(1,136)   
5,201 

61,519  $ 
16,406 

(385)   
(2,943)   
6,707 
978 
20,763 

30,931  $ 
2,435 
— 
(1,175)   
1,922 
282 
3,464 

111,195  $ 
28,821 
(8,970)   
(1,855)   
4,921 
(1,917)   
21,000 

Total 

311,620 
62,791 
(9,355) 
(11,108) 
12,807 
(2,622) 
52,513 

47,525  $ 

67,736  $ 

82,282  $ 

34,395  $ 

132,195  $ 

364,133 

84                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee Revenues and Fee-Related Earnings

    ............................................................................................. $ 

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Base management fees1
Performance fees    .......................................................................................................
Transaction and advisory fees    ...................................................................................
Fee Revenues   ............................................................................................................
Less: direct costs2
      ........................................................................................................

Less: Fee-Related Earnings not attributable to the Asset Management business    .......
Fee-Related Earnings    ................................................................................................ $ 

2022
3,955  $ 
— 
93 
4,048 
(1,792)   
2,256 
(148)   
2,108  $ 

2021
3,355  $ 
157 
11 
3,523 
(1,540)   
1,983 
(156)   
1,827  $ 

2020
2,845 

— 
25 
2,870 
(1,378) 
1,492 

(116) 
1,376 

1. Base management fees and direct costs are presented on a 100% basis. Base management fees and direct costs for Oaktree totaled $1,165 million and 
$760 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2022 (2021 - $1,062 million and $656 million). Refer to note 3 - “Investments” of the 
combined consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Form 20-F for additional disclosures related to Oaktree revenues, expenses, net 
income, assets and liabilities.

2.  Direct  costs  include  compensation  expenses,  other  operating  expenses  and  general,  administrative  and  other  expenses  and  related  Oaktree  direct 
costs at 100%. 

For the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Fee Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $4.0 billion, an increase of $525 million or 15% compared to 
prior year. This increase was predominantly due to higher base management fees, driven by an increase in Fee-Bearing 
Capital,  transaction  and  advisory  fees  from  co-investment  capital,  and  growth  in  incentive  distributions  from  BIP  and 
BEP. Base management fees increased by $600 million or 18% compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Our real 
estate strategy contributed $196 million to the increase, primarily attributable to capital raised for the fourth flagship real 
estate  fund,  deployments  across  other  fund  strategies,  and  market  valuation  increases  from  perpetual  strategies.  Fee 
Revenues  from  our  infrastructure  strategy  increased  by  $133  million,  predominantly  due  to  capital  raised  for  our  fifth 
flagship fund and capital deployed for our super core perpetual fund, as well as incremental fees earned on the higher 
average  market  capitalization  of  BIP.  Our  credit  and  other  strategy  increased  by  $122  million,  predominantly  due  to 
capital deployed for our latest opportunistic credit flagship fund. Our renewable power and transition and private equity 
investment strategies contributed $76 million and $53 million to the increase, respectively, primarily due to fundraising 
of the latest flagship funds, partially offset by lower fees from BEP due to a lower market capitalization.

Direct costs primarily consist of employee expenses and professional fees, as well as business related technology costs 
and  other  shared  services.  Direct  costs  increased  by  $252  million  or  16%  from  prior  year  as  we  continue  to  scale  our 
asset  management  business,  including  enhancing  our  fundraising  and  client  service  capabilities  and  developing  new 
complementary strategies.

Fee-Related Earnings increased by $281 million, primarily attributable to the aforementioned increase in Fee Revenues, 
partially offset by increased direct costs.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Fee Revenues increased by $653 million or 23% to $3.5 billion, predominantly due to growth in base management fees 
driven by an increase in Fee-Bearing Capital and performance fees from BBU, partially offset by lower transaction and 
advisory  fees.  Base  management  fees  increased  by  $510  million  or  18%  from  2020  to  $3.4  billion.  Our  real  estate 
investment  strategy  contributed  $234  million  to  the  increase,  primarily  attributable  to  higher  fees  from  BPY,  capital 
raised  for  its  fourth  flagship  real  estate  fund  and  capital  deployed  across  various  other  funds.  Fee  Revenues  from  our 
credit  and  other  investment  strategy  increased  by  $140  million,  predominantly  due  to  capital  deployed  for  our  latest 
opportunistic credit flagship fund and market valuation increases from perpetual strategies. Our infrastructure, renewable 
power and transition and private equity investment strategies contributed $85 million, $53 million and $19 million to the 
increase, respectively, primarily attributable to increased fees earned from higher market capitalization of BIP, BEP and 
BBU.

Direct  costs  increased  by  $162  million  or  12%  from  the  prior  year  as  we  continue  to  scale  our  asset  management 
business.

FORM 20-F                 85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee-Related  Earnings  increased  by  $451  million  or  33%  to  $1.8  billion,  primarily  attributable  to  the  aforementioned 
increase in Fee Revenues, partially offset by increased direct costs.

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures

Reconciliations  of  Distributable  Earnings,  Fee-Related  Earnings  and  Fee  Revenues  to  the  most  directly  comparable 
financial  measures  calculated  and  presented  in  conformity  with  U.S.  GAAP  are  presented  below.  In  addition  to  net 
income  and  revenue,  management  assesses  the  performance  of  its  business  based  on  these  non-GAAP  financial 
measures.  These  non-GAAP  financial  measures  should  be  considered  in  addition  to,  and  not  as  a  substitute  for  or 
superior to, net income or other financial measures presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP. 

Reconciliation of Net Income to Fee-Related Earnings and Distributable Earnings

The  following  presents  a  reconciliation  of  net  income  to  Fee-Related  Earnings  and  Distributable  Earnings  of  for  the 
periods presented.

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Net income
Add or subtract the following:     ....................................................................................
     .................................................................................................

      ....................................................................................
     ...............................................................
    ...................................................................................
    ..................................................................
  ................................................................................
    .......................................................................................................
     ............................................
  ........................................................
  ................................................................

Provision for taxes(a)
Depreciation, amortization and other(b)
Carried interest allocations(c)
Carried interest allocation compensation(c)
Other income and expenses(d)
Interest expense paid to related parties(e)
Interest and dividend revenue(e)
Other revenues(e)
Share of income from equity accounted investments(f)
Fee-Related Earnings of Oaktree at our share(f)
Fee Revenues from BSREP III & Other(g)
$ 
Fee-Related Earnings
Disposition gains from principal investments (h)   ...................................................... $ 
Current taxes (i)
Equity-based compensation expense and other (j)
Distributable Earnings

    ..........................................................................................................
   .....................................................

$ 

2022
2,865  $ 

2021
2,846  $ 

2020
573 

$ 

627 
13 
(490)   
200 
(1,090)   
154 
(258)   
(44)   
(146)   
252 
25 
2,108  $ 
—  $ 
(98)   
86 
2,096  $ 

504 
11 
(348)   
211 
(1,504)   
171 
(293)   
(23)   
(161)   
250 
163 
1,827  $ 
—  $ 
(58)   
123 
1,892  $ 

226 
7 
65 
120 
226 
257 
(287) 
(40) 
(38) 
186 
81 
1,376 
71 
— 
51 
1,498 

(a) This adjustment removes the impact of income tax provisions on the basis that we do not believe this item reflects the present value of the actual 

tax obligations that we expect to incur over the long-term due to the substantial deferred tax assets of our asset management business.

(b) This adjustment removes the depreciation and amortization on property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, which are non-cash in nature 

and therefore excluded from Fee-Related Earnings.

(c) These adjustments remove realized and unrealized carried interest allocations and the associated compensation expense, which are excluded from 

Fee-Related Earnings as these items are non-cash in nature.

(d) This adjustment removes other income and expenses associated with non-cash fair value gains and losses.

(e) These adjustments remove interest and charges paid or received related to loans to related parties. These are excluded from Fee-Related Earnings 
as these are not representative of operating cash flows generated and are associated with loans that do not exist subsequent to the execution of the 
Arrangement.

(f)

These adjustments remove our share of Oaktree’s non-cash items, including items a) to e) above and include its share of Oaktree’s Fee-Related 
Earnings.

(g) This adjustment adds base management fees earned from BSREP III and other funds that are eliminated upon consolidation as we consolidate 
both the entities which earn these base management fees and BSREP III in the combined financial statements for the year ended December 31, 
2021 and 2020. We include the base management fees associated with BSREP III in Fee Revenues and Fee-Related Earnings since in connection 
with the Arrangement, we will no longer consolidate BSREP III and therefore the related base management fees will no longer be eliminated.

(h) This adjustment adds disposition gains from principal investments.

(i) Represents the impact of cash taxes paid by the business.

86                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(j)

This adjustment adds back equity-based compensation and other items related to Oaktree that are adjusted for reporting Distributable Earnings.

Reconciliation of Revenues to Fee Revenues

The following presents our reconciliation of management fee revenues to Fee Revenues for the periods presented.

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Total management fee revenues
Fee Revenues from Oaktree (a)
BSREP III Fees & Other (b)
Fee Revenues      ........................................................................................................... $ 

   .................................................................................
     ......................................................................................

$ 

2022
2,835  $ 
1,165 
48 
4,048  $ 

2021
2,423  $ 
1,062 
38 
3,523  $ 

2020
1,892 
897 
81 
2,870 

(a) This adjustment adds Oaktree’s management fees. 

(b) This adjustment adds base management fees earned from BSREP III and other funds that are eliminated upon consolidation as we consolidate 
both the entities which earn these base management fees and BSREP III in the combined financial statements prior to December 9, 2022. We 
include  the  base  management  fees  associated  with  BSREP  III  in  Fee  Revenues  since  in  connection  with  the  Arrangement,  we  no  longer 
consolidate BSREP III and therefore the related base management fees are no longer be eliminated.

FORM 20-F                 87

 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment Strategy Results 

In each of our product categories, we invest globally in various investment strategies, each benefiting from strong secular 
tailwinds that provide an expanding multi-trillion dollar investable universe. 

Our investment strategies are (a) Renewable Power and Transition, (b) Infrastructure, (c) Real Estate, (d) Private Equity, 
and (e) Credit and other. 

The following tables summarize Fee Revenues and Fee-Bearing Capital by investment strategy:

Fee Revenues

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Renewable power and transition   ................................................................................. $ 
Infrastructure     ...............................................................................................................
Real estate   ...................................................................................................................
Private equity      ..............................................................................................................
Credit and other     ...........................................................................................................
Total Fee Revenues       ................................................................................................... $ 

2022
578  $ 

1,067 
937 
436 
1,030 
4,048  $ 

2021
487  $ 
870 
769 
538 
859 
3,523  $ 

2020
420 
774 
592 
365 
719 
2,870 

Fee-Bearing Capital

AS AT DECEMBER 31
2020
(MILLIONS)
Renewable power and transition   ................................................................................. $  47,218  $  47,525  $  45,440 
62,535 
Infrastructure     ...............................................................................................................
61,519 
Real estate   ...................................................................................................................
Private equity      ..............................................................................................................
30,931 
  111,195 
Credit and other     ...........................................................................................................
Total Fee-Bearing Capital    ........................................................................................ $ 417,863  $ 364,133  $ 311,620 

85,887 
  103,025 
39,317 
  142,416 

67,736 
82,282 
34,395 
  132,195 

2022

2021

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
2020
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period    .................................................................................... $ 364,133  $ 311,620  $ 289,812 
Inflows      ........................................................................................................................
32,983 
Outflows     ......................................................................................................................
(9,865) 
Distributions   ................................................................................................................
(6,664) 
Market Valuation    ........................................................................................................
17,745 
Other  ............................................................................................................................
(12,391) 
Change       ........................................................................................................................
21,808 
Balance, end of period ............................................................................................... $ 417,863  $ 364,133  $ 311,620 

62,791 
(9,355)   
(11,108)   
12,807 
(2,622)   
52,513 

(22,042)   
(12,161)   
(20,247)   
511 
53,730 

  107,669 

2022

2021

We have provided additional detail to explain significant variances year-over-year by investment strategy below.

88                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Renewable Power and Transition

Overview

• We  are  a  leading  global  investment  manager  in  renewable  power  and  transition,  with  $72  billion  of  AUM  as  of 

December 31, 2022.

•

Clean energy occupies a uniquely complementary position to the global goals of net-zero emissions, low-cost energy 
and  energy  security.  We  believe  that  the  growing  global  demand  for  low-carbon  energy,  especially  amongst 
corporate off takers, will lead to continued growth opportunities for us in the future. The investment environment for 
renewable power and transition remains favourable and we expect to continue to advance our substantial pipeline of 
renewable power and transition opportunities on behalf of our clients and managed assets. 

• We  have  approximately  100  investment  and  asset  management  professionals  globally  that  are  focused  on  our 
renewable power and transition strategy, supported by approximately 3,700 employees in the renewable power and 
transition operating businesses that we manage. Our extensive experience and knowledge in this industry allows us 
to be a leader in all major technologies with deep operating and development capabilities.

Our Products

Long-term Private Funds

• We  manage  BGTF,  which  is  our  $15  billion  flagship  strategy  focused  on  investments  aimed  at  accelerating  the 
global transition to a net-zero carbon economy. The mandate of this product is to assist utility, energy and industrial 
businesses  reduce  carbon  dioxide  emissions,  expand  low-carbon  and  renewable  energy  production  levels  and 
advance sustainable solutions.      

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

• We also manage BEP, one of the world’s largest publicly traded renewable power platforms, which is listed on the 

NYSE and TSX and has a market capitalization of  $16.8 billion as of December 31, 2022.

Summary of Key Financial and Operating Measures

The following charts provide the Fee-Bearing Capital of our renewable power and transition investment strategy as at 
December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, and Fee Revenues for years then ended. 

Fee-Bearing Capital 
AS AT DEC 31. (BILLIONS)   

                     Fee Revenues
                               FOR THE PERIODS ENDED DEC 31. (MILLIONS) 

■ Long-Term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

FORM 20-F                 89

$45$48$47202020212022$420$487$578202020212022 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                  
                   
                             
The following provides explanations of significant movements during the presented periods.

Fee-Bearing Capital

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Long-Term Private Funds    .................................................................. $ 
Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies   ...............................  
Total Fee-Bearing Capital   ............................................................... $ 

2022
26,708  $ 

2021
20,682  $ 

20,510 

26,843 

2020
10,881 

34,559 

47,218  $ 

47,525  $ 

45,440 

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period  ........................................................................ $ 
Inflows   .............................................................................................................
Distributions    ....................................................................................................
Market Valuation   .............................................................................................
Other    ................................................................................................................
Change  .............................................................................................................
Balance, end of period   ................................................................................... $ 

2022
47,525  $ 
6,823 
(1,428)   
(5,873)   
171 
(307)   

2021
45,440  $ 
10,510 
(1,427)   
(6,169)   
(829)   
2,085 

2020
33,520 
3,841 
(1,020) 
14,748 
(5,649) 
11,920 

47,218  $ 

47,525  $ 

45,440 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  Fee-Bearing  Capital  decreased  by  $0.3  billion  or  1%,  to  $47.2  billion 
primarily attributable to a decrease in the market capitalization of BEP due to a decline in share price and distributions 
paid to BEP’s unitholders. This decrease was partially offset by $6.0 billion of capital raised across our flagship funds.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, Fee-Bearing Capital increased by $2.1 billion or 5%, driven by a $9.8 billion 
increase  in  our  long-term  private  funds  as  a  result  of  inflows  from  fundraising  related  to  our  global  transition  fund, 
partially offset by a $7.7 billion decrease in our permanent capital vehicles as a result of the lower market capitalization 
of BEP and quarterly distributions paid to BEP’s unitholders.

Fee Revenues

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Management and advisory fees
Long-term private funds     .................................................................................................
Flagship funds    ............................................................................................ $ 
Co-investment and other funds      ......................................................................  

Perpetual strategies

BEP1
     ........................................................................................................  
Co-investment and other funds      ......................................................................  

Catch-up fees
Transaction and advisory fees     ........................................................................................
Total management and advisory fees       ............................................................................
Incentive Distributions    ....................................................................................................
Total Fee Revenues      ....................................................................................................... $ 

1. BEP Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2022 is $21 billion (2021 - $27 billion)

2022

2021

2020

206  $ 

98  $ 

19 
225 

16 
114 

244 

288 

— 
244 
12 
2 
483 
95 
578  $ 

3 
291 
— 
2 
407 
80 
487  $ 

97 

14 
111 

211 

27 
238 
4 
1 
354 
66 
420 

Fee  Revenues  increased  by  $91  million  or  19%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  relative  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021. Fees from long-term private funds increased by $111 million, mainly due to a full year contribution 
of  fees  and  $12  million  of  catch-up  fees  primarily  from  the  global  transition  fund.  Incentive  distributions  from  BEP 
increased by $15 million due to a 5% increase in distributions compared to the prior year. These increases were partially 

90                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
offset by a decrease in fees from BEP of $44 million, predominantly due to the decline in BEP's share price compared to 
prior year.

Fee  Revenues  increased  by  $67  million  or  16%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021  relative  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to $77 million of incremental fees earned from BEP, as its 
average market capitalization increased year-over-year in line with appreciation in its share price. In addition, incentive 
distributions from BEP increased by $14 million due to a 5% increase in distributions compared to the prior year. These 
increases were partially offset by the absence of fees from TERP due to its privatization in the second half of the prior 
year and the prior year recognition of catch-up fees of $4 million related to the renewable power allocation of the fourth 
flagship infrastructure fund. 

FORM 20-F                 91

Infrastructure

Overview

• We  are  one  of  the  world’s  largest  investment  managers  in  infrastructure,  with  $143  billion  of  AUM  as  of 

December 31, 2022. 

• We  focus  on  acquiring  high-quality  businesses  on  behalf  of  our  clients  that  deliver  essential  goods  and  services, 
diversified  across  the  utilities,  transport,  midstream  and  data  infrastructure  sectors.  We  partner  closely  with 
management teams to enable long-term success through operational and other improvements. 

• We  have  approximately  230  investment  and  asset  management  professionals  globally  that  are  focused  on  our 
infrastructure strategy, supported by approximately 51,400 employees in the infrastructure operating businesses that 
we manage.

Our Products

Long-term Private Funds

•

•

BIF  is  our  flagship  infrastructure  fund  series.  In  this  product  offering,  we  invest  on  behalf  of  our  clients  in  high-
quality infrastructure assets on a value basis and seek to add value through the investment life cycle by utilizing our 
operations-oriented approach. 

BID is our infrastructure debt fund series, which invests on behalf of our clients in mezzanine debt investments in 
high-quality, core infrastructure assets. 

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

• We manage BIP, one of the largest, pure play, publicly traded global infrastructure platforms, which is listed on the 
NYSE and TSX and has a market capitalization of $24.9 billion as of December 31, 2022. In this product offering, 
we invest on behalf of our clients in high-quality, long-life assets that provide essential products and services for the 
global economy. 

• We also manage BSIP, which is our perpetual infrastructure private fund strategy. In this product offering, we invest 
on behalf of our clients in core infrastructure assets in developed markets, with a focus on yield, diversification and 
inflation-protection.

Summary of Key Financial and Operating Measures

The following charts provide the Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 and Fee Revenues for the 
years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 of our Infrastructure investment strategy. 

Fee-Bearing Capital 
AS AT DEC 31. (BILLIONS)   

    Fee Revenues
      FOR THE PERIODS ENDED DEC 31. (MILLIONS) 

■ Long-Term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

92                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

$63$68$86202020212022$774$870$1,067202020212022 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
              
                                              
                             
We have provided additional detail below to explain significant movements during the presented periods.

Fee-Bearing Capital

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Long-Term Private Funds   ................................................................................ $ 
Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies    .....................................
Total Fee-Bearing Capital   ................................................................................ $ 

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period    ........................................................................... $ 
Inflows   .............................................................................................................
Distributions      ....................................................................................................
Market Valuation      .............................................................................................
Other     ................................................................................................................
Change    .............................................................................................................
Balance, end of period     ..................................................................................... $ 

2022
44,512  $ 
41,375 
85,887  $ 

2022
67,736  $ 
26,974 
(3,794)   
(5,053)   
24 
18,151 
85,887  $ 

2021
31,119  $ 
36,617 
67,736  $ 

2021
62,535  $ 
4,619 
(3,708)   
5,426 
(1,136)   
5,201 
67,736  $ 

2020
32,749 
29,786 
62,535 

2020
57,623 
3,939 
(1,610) 
4,586 
(2,003) 
4,912 
62,535 

During the year ended December 31, 2022, Fee-Bearing Capital increased by $18.2 billion or 27% to $85.9 billion, due 
to a $13.4 billion and $4.8 billion increase in our long-term private funds and permanent capital vehicles and perpetual 
strategies, respectively. The increase in the long-term private funds strategy was largely driven by inflows from capital 
raised  for  the  fifth  flagship  infrastructure  fund.  Fee-Bearing  capital  on  our  permanent  capital  vehicles  and  perpetual 
strategies increased due to capital raised for BSIP, partially offset by a decrease in the market capitalization of BIP as 
well as quarterly distributions paid to BIP’s unitholders. 

During the year ended December 31, 2021, Fee-Bearing Capital increased by $5.2 billion or 8%, due to a $6.8 billion 
increase in our permanent capital vehicles and perpetual strategies as a result of the higher market capitalization of BIP 
and inflows from capital deployed in BSIP, partially offset by quarterly distributions paid to BIP’s unitholders and BSIP 
investors. Fee-Bearing Capital on our long-term private funds decreased by $1.6 billion, mainly due to distributions to 
our investors, partially offset by inflows from capital deployed.

Fee Revenues

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Management and advisory fees
Long-term private funds     ..............................................................................................
Flagship funds    ......................................................................................... $ 
Co-investment and other funds      ...................................................................  

Permanent capital vehicles and perpetual strategies    ...................................................

BIP1
      ......................................................................................................  
Co-investment and other funds      ...................................................................  

Catch-up fees    ...............................................................................................................
Transaction and advisory fees     .....................................................................................
Total management and advisory fees  ..........................................................................
Incentive distributions     .................................................................................................
Total Fee Revenues    ................................................................................................... $ 

1.

BIP Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2022 is $29 billion (2021 - $35 billion).

2022

2021

2020

279  $ 

215  $ 

39 
318 

33 
248 

421 

394 

53 
474 
2 
33 
827 
240 
1,067  $ 

19 
413 
— 
2 
663 
207 
870  $ 

217 

36 
253 

301 

9 
310 
13 
14 
590 
184 
774 

Fee  Revenues  increased  by  $197  million  or  23%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  relative  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021. Fees from our long-term private funds increased by $70 million, primarily due to capital raised for 

FORM 20-F                 93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
our  fifth  infrastructure  flagship  fund.  Fee  Revenues  from  our  permanent  capital  vehicles  and  perpetual  strategies 
increased  by  $61  million,  primarily  due  to  an  increase  in  the  average  annual  market  capitalization  of  BIP  and  capital 
raised  for  BSIP.  In  addition,  incentive  distributions  from  BIP  increased  by  $33  million,  due  to  higher  dividends  paid 
compared to prior year.

Fee  Revenues  increased  by  $96  million  or  12%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021  relative  to  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2020.  The  increase  was  primarily  attributable  to  $93  million  of  incremental  fees  earned  from  BIP  as  a 
result of a $6.2 billion increase in Fee-Bearing Capital, as well as a $23 million increase in incentive distributions due to 
higher  BIP  per  unit  distributions  compared  to  the  prior  year.  In  addition,  fees  from  co-investment  and  other  perpetual 
strategy  funds  increased  by  $10  million,  primarily  due  to  third-party  commitments  raised  within  our  perpetual 
infrastructure private fund. These increases were partially offset by the prior year recognition of $13 million of catch-up 
fees related to our fourth flagship infrastructure fund and a $12 million decrease in transaction and advisory fees due to a 
reduction in co-investment capital deployed during the year. Fees earned from our long-term private fund decreased by 
$5 million, primarily attributable to our third flagship infrastructure fund’s investment period coming to an end, resulting 
in its fee base reducing from committed capital to invested capital.

94                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Private Equity

Overview

• We are a leading private equity investment manager with $133 billion of AUM as of December 31, 2022. 

• We  focus  on  high-quality  businesses  that  provide  essential  products  and  services,  diversified  across  the  industrial 
operations  and  business  services  sectors.  We  partner  closely  with  management  teams  to  enable  long-term  success 
through operational and other improvements. 

• We have approximately 280 investment and asset management professionals globally that are focused on our private 
equity strategy, supported by approximately 105,400 employees in the private equity operating businesses that we 
manage.

Our Products

Long-term Private Funds

•

•

•

Our  global  opportunistic  flagship  fund  series,  BCP,  is  our  leading  private  equity  product  offering.  This  series  of 
funds focuses on cash-flowing essential service businesses. We seek investments that benefit from high barriers to 
entry and enhance their cash flow capabilities by improving strategy and execution.

Our special investments strategy, BSI, is focused on large-scale, non-control investments. This product capitalizes 
on  potential  transactions  that  do  not  fit  our  traditional  control-oriented  flagship  private  equity  fund  series.  These 
include recapitalizations to strategic growth capital, where we expect to generate equity-like returns while ensuring 
downside protection through structured investments. 

Our  growth  equity  strategy,  BTG,  was  launched  in  2016  and  has  developed  into  a  meaningful  business  that  we 
expect  to  continue  to  scale  over  time.  This  strategy  focuses  on  investing  in  technology-related  growth  stage 
companies that surround our broader ecosystem of managed assets.

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

• We manage BBU, which is a publicly traded global business services and industrial company focused on owning 
and operating high-quality providers of essential products and services. BBU is listed on the NYSE and TSX and 
had a market capitalization of $3.8 billion as of December 31, 2022. 

Summary of Key Financial and Operating Measures

The following charts provide the Fee-Bearing Capital of our Private Equity investment strategy as at December 31, 2022, 
2021 and 2020 and Fee Revenues for the years then ended. 

Fee-Bearing Capital 
AS AT DEC 31. (BILLIONS)   

 Fee Revenues
  FOR THE PERIODS ENDED DEC 31. (MILLIONS) 

■ Long-Term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

FORM 20-F                 95

$31$34$39202020212022$365$538$436202020212022 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
             
                                              
                             
We have provided additional detail below to explain significant movements during the presented periods. 

Fee-Bearing Capital

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Long-Term Private Funds    .................................................................. $ 
Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies   ...............................  
Total Fee-Bearing Capital     ................................................................ $ 

2022
31,501  $ 

2021
26,079  $ 

7,816 

8,316 

2020
25,668 

5,263 

39,317  $ 

34,395  $ 

30,931 

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period      ........................................................................ $ 
Inflows   .............................................................................................................
Distributions      ....................................................................................................
Market Valuation      .............................................................................................
Other     ................................................................................................................
Change    .............................................................................................................
Balance, end of period     ................................................................................... $ 

2022
34,395  $ 
9,135 
(810)   
(2,534)   
(869)   
4,922 

2021
30,931  $ 
2,435 
(1,175)   
1,922 
282 
3,464 

2020
29,921 
3,263 
(1,042) 
(714) 
(497) 
1,010 

39,317  $ 

34,395  $ 

30,931 

During the year ended December 31, 2022, Fee-Bearing capital increased by $4.9 billion or 14% to $39.3 billion. Our 
long-term  private  funds  contributed  an  increase  of  $5.4  billion,  largely  driven  by  capital  raised  for  our  sixth  flagship 
private equity fund and capital raised and deployed in other complementary strategies. This increase was partially offset 
by a $0.5 billion decrease in our permanent capital vehicles due to a decrease in the market capitalization of BBU.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, Fee-Bearing Capital increased by $3.5 billion or 11%, predominantly due to 
a  $3.1  billion  increase  in  our  permanent  capital  vehicles  and  perpetual  strategies  as  a  result  of  the  higher  market 
capitalization  of  BBU,  partially  offset  by  quarterly  distributions  paid  to  BBU's  unitholders.  In  addition,  our  long-term 
private funds increased by $0.4 billion as a result of inflows from capital deployed, partially offset by distributions to our 
investors.

Fee Revenues

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Management and advisory fees
Long-term private funds     ..............................................................................................
Flagship funds    ......................................................................................... $ 
Co-investment and other funds      ...................................................................  

Perpetual strategies  ......................................................................................................

BBU1
   .....................................................................................................  
Co-investment and other funds      ...................................................................  

Catch-up fees    ...............................................................................................................
Transaction and advisory fees     .....................................................................................
Total management and advisory fees  ..........................................................................
Performance fees     .........................................................................................................
Total Fee Revenues    ................................................................................................... $ 

1.

BBU Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2022 is $8 billion (2021 - $8 billion).

2022

2021

2020

137  $ 

103  $ 

195 
332 

175 
278 

95 

93 

— 
95 
— 
9 
436 
— 
436  $ 

— 
93 
3 
7 
381 
157 
538  $ 

121 

164 
285 

63 

2 
65 
5 
10 
365 
— 
365 

Fee  Revenues  decreased  by  $102  million  or  19%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  relative  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021.  This decrease is primarily due to the absence of performance fees from BBU in 2022; the prior year 

96                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
benefited from a performance fee of $157 million as BBU’s share price surpassed its high-water mark performance fee 
threshold, setting a go forward high-water mark of $31.53 per unit, reflecting the adjusted high-watermark resulting from 
the special distribution of BBUC. This new high-water mark was not achieved in 2022, thus no performance fees were 
earned during the year. This decrease was partially offset by a $54 million increase in Fee Revenues from our private 
funds, primarily attributable to the launch of our sixth flagship private equity fund.

Fee  Revenues  increased  by  $173  million  or  47%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021  relative  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020. The increase was predominantly related to $157 million of performance fees as BBU surpassed its 
high-water  mark  in  both  the  second  and  fourth  quarter  of  2021,  resulting  from  an  increase  in  unit  price  during  those 
periods.  The  high-water  mark  threshold  to  earn  additional  performance  fees  as  at  December  31,  2021  was  $47.30  per 
unit, above the previous threshold of $44.64 per unit. In addition, management fees from BBU increased by $30 million, 
primarily attributable to a higher market capitalization compared to the prior year. These increases were partially offset 
by a $7 million decrease in fees from long-term private funds, primarily attributable to our third flagship private equity 
fund’s investment period coming to an end, which lowered its fee base from committed capital to invested capital. 

FORM 20-F                 97

Real Estate

Overview

• We  are  one  of  the  world’s  largest  investment  managers  in  real  estate,  with  over  $263  billion  of  AUM  as  of 

December 31, 2022. 

• We have invested, on behalf of clients, in iconic properties in the world’s most dynamic markets with the goal of 

generating stable and growing distributions for our investors while protecting them against downside risk. 

• We have approximately 660 investment and asset management professionals that are focused on generating superior 
returns across our real estate strategies, supported by approximately 29,600 operating employees in the real estate 
operating businesses that we manage.

Our Products

Long-term Private Funds

•

•

Our opportunistic real estate flagship fund series is BSREP. Through this product, we invest globally across various 
sectors and geographies on behalf of our clients in high-quality real estate with a focus on large, complex, distressed 
assets, turnarounds and recapitalizations. The latest vintage, our fourth flagship strategy, has raised $17 billion as of 
December 31, 2022.

Our commercial real estate debt fund series, BREF, targets investments in transactions, predominantly in the U.S., 
that are senior to traditional equity and subordinate to first mortgages or investment-grade corporate debt. 

• We also recently launched our real estate secondaries strategy, Brookfield Real Estate Secondaries (“BRES”), with a 

focus on providing liquidity solutions for other real estate general partners. 

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

• We manage $21 billion of Fee-Bearing Capital in BPG as of December 31, 2022, which we invest, on behalf of the 
Corporation, directly in real estate assets or through our real estate private fund offerings. BPG owns, operates and 
develops iconic properties in the world’s most dynamic markets with a global portfolio of office, retail, multifamily, 
logistics,  hospitality,  land  and  housing,  triple  net  lease,  manufactured  housing  and  student  housing  assets  on  five 
continents. 

• We also manage capital in our perpetual private fund real estate strategy, BPREP. This is a core plus strategy that 
invests in high-quality, stabilized real assets located primarily in the U.S. with a focus on office, retail, multifamily 
and  logistics  real  estate  assets.  We  also  have  two  regional  BPREP  strategies  that  are  dedicated  specifically  to 
investments in Australia and Europe.

• We manage capital across our perpetual real estate debt strategy, BSREF. We seek to originate, acquire and actively 

manage investments in U.S. senior commercial real estate debt for this strategy.

• We  also  recently  launched  our  non-traded  REIT,  Brookfield  REIT,  which  is  a  semi-liquid  strategy  catering 
specifically  to  the  private  wealth  channel.  This  product  invests  in  high  quality  income-producing  opportunities 
globally through equity or real-estate related debt. 

98                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Summary of Key Financial and Operating Measures

The  following  charts  provide  the  Fee-Bearing  Capital  of  our  Real  Estate  strategy  as  at  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  
2020 and Fee Revenues for the years then ended. 

Fee-Bearing Capital 

AS AT DEC 31. (BILLIONS)   

     Fee Revenues

                             FOR THE PERIODS ENDED DEC 31. (MILLIONS) 

■ Long-Term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

We have provided additional detail, where referenced, to explain significant movements from the prior year. 

Fee-Bearing Capital

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Long-Term Private Funds    .................................................................. $ 
Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies   ...............................  
Total Fee-Bearing Capital     ................................................................ $  103,025  $ 

2022
69,473  $ 

33,552 

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period  ........................................................................ $ 
Inflows   .............................................................................................................
Outflows    ..........................................................................................................
Distributions    ....................................................................................................
Market Valuation   .............................................................................................
Other    ................................................................................................................
Change  .............................................................................................................
Balance, end of period   ................................................................................... $  103,025  $ 

(394)   
(4,556)   
1,645 
5,198 
20,743 

2022
82,282  $ 
18,850 

2021
52,332  $ 

29,950 

2020
35,857 

25,662 

82,282  $ 

61,519 

2021
61,519  $ 
16,406 

(385)   
(2,943)   
6,707 
978 
20,763 

2020
62,272 
5,143 
(263) 
(2,192) 
(1,842) 
(1,599) 
(753) 

82,282  $ 

61,519 

During the year ended December 31, 2022, Fee-Bearing Capital increased by $20.7 billion, or 25%, to $103.0 billion. 
Our  long-term  private  funds  increased  by  $17.1  billion  to  $69.5  billion,  primarily  due  to  capital  raised  for  our  fourth 
flagship  real  estate  fund  and  capital  deployed  across  various  other  private  funds.  Our  permanent  capital  vehicles  and 
perpetual strategies increased by $3.6 billion to $33.6 billion, primarily due to capital deployed and an increase in market 
value for BPREP, partially offset by distributions.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, Fee-Bearing Capital increased by $21 billion or 34%. Our long-term private 
funds  increased  by  $16  billion,  primarily  due  to  capital  raised  for  our  fourth  flagship  real  estate  fund  and  capital 
deployed across various other private funds. Our permanent capital vehicles and perpetual strategies increased by $4.3 
billion  as  a  result  of  capital  deployed  across  our  perpetual  private  funds,  most  notably  BPREP,  partially  offset  by 
distributions.

FORM 20-F                 99

$62$82$103202020212022$592$769$937202020212022 
 
 
  
      
 
 
 
 
                                              
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee Revenues

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Management and advisory fees
Long-term private funds     ..............................................................................................

Flagship funds   ........................................................................................................... $ 
Co-investment and other funds    .................................................................................

Permanent capital vehicles and perpetual strategies    ...................................................
BPG1
     .........................................................................................................................
Co-investment and other funds    .................................................................................

Catch-up fees    ...............................................................................................................
Total management and advisory fees   .........................................................................
Incentive distributions     .................................................................................................
Total Fee Revenues    ................................................................................................... $ 

1.

BPG Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2022 is $21 billion (2021 - $20 billion).

2022

2021

2020

354  $ 
217 
571 

225 
107 
332 
34 
937 
— 
937  $ 

264  $ 
183 
447 

224 
65 
289 
5 
741 
28 
769  $ 

224 
142 
366 

114 
56 
170 
— 
536 
56 
592 

Fee  Revenues  increased  by  $168  million  or  22%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  relative  to  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2021.  Our  long-term  private  funds  contributed  $124  million  to  this  increase  primarily  due  to  increased 
commitments  in  our  fourth  flagship  real  estate  fund  and  increases  in  value  of  other  fund  strategies.  Additionally,  we 
earned $34 million of catch-up fees for our fourth flagship real estate fund. Fees from our permanent capital vehicles and 
perpetual strategies increased by $43 million primarily attributable to deployments from BPREP. These increases were 
partially offset by the privatization of BPY, which generated $28 million of incentive distributions in the prior year. 

Fee Revenues increased by $177 million or 30% for the year ended December 31, 2021 relative to December 31, 2020.  
Fees  from  BPG  increased  by  $110  million,  primarily  attributable  to  a  higher  market  capitalization  as  a  result  of 
announcing the privatization of BPY and an increase in underlying asset values post-privatization. Fees from our long-
term private funds were $81 million higher than the prior year due to capital raised for our fourth flagship real estate fund 
and capital deployed across various other private funds. BPY incentive distributions were $28 million compared to $56 
million  in  the  prior  year,  primarily  attributable  to  the  2021  year  only  including  two  quarters  of  incentive  distributions 
following the privatization of BPY in July. Fees from co-investment and other permanent capital and perpetual strategy 
funds increased by $9 million as a result of capital deployed across various perpetual private funds. The current period 
benefitted from catch-up fees of $5 million related to our fourth flagship real estate fund. 

100                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit and Other

Overview

•

As a result of our 61% investment in Oaktree in 2019, we established ourselves as a leader among global investment 
managers  specializing  in  alternative  credit  investments;  as  of  December  31,  2022,  our  interest  in  Oaktree  is  64%. 
Oaktree  is  one  of  the  premier  credit  franchises  globally,  with  $142  billion  of  Fee-Bearing  Capital  as  of 
December 31, 2022 and an expertise in investing across the capital structure with an emphasis on an opportunistic, 
value-oriented and risk-controlled investments. 

• We  offer  one  of  the  most  comprehensive  alternative  credit  offerings  available  today  and  have  a  global  presence 

through our experienced team of investment professionals. 

Our Products

•

•

•

Our credit strategies invest in both liquid and illiquid instruments, sourced directly from borrowers and via public 
markets. We focus primarily on rated and non-rated debt of sub-investment grade issuers in developed and emerging 
markets, and offer investments in an array of private credit, high yield bonds, convertible securities, leveraged loans, 
structured credit instruments and opportunistic credit.

Our flagship credit strategy, the Opportunistic Credit series, focuses on protecting against loss by buying claims on 
assets at attractive or distressed prices. We aim to achieve substantial gains by actively participating in restructurings 
to restore companies to financial viability, while creating value. The latest vintage of this series of funds was raised 
over 2021 and 2022 with a total fund size of $16 billion and is the largest fund in the series to date.

Also  included  amongst  our  strategies  is  PSG,  which  manages  the  Fee-Bearing  Capital  associated  with  our  liquid 
strategies. PSG serves institutions and individuals seeking the investment advantages of real assets through actively 
managed listed equity and debt strategies.

Summary of Key Financial and Operating Measures

The  following  charts  provide  the  Fee-Bearing  Capital  of  our  credit  and  other  investment  strategy  as  at  December  31, 
2022, 2021 and  2020 and Fee Revenues for the years then ended. 

Fee-Bearing Capital 
AS AT DEC 31. (BILLIONS)   

   Fee Revenues
    FOR THE PERIODS ENDED DEC 31. (MILLIONS) 

■ Long-Term Private Funds
■ Perpetual Strategies
■ Liquid Strategies

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Perpetual Strategies
■ Liquid Strategies

FORM 20-F                 101

$111$132$142202020212022$719$859$1,030202020212022 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
         
                                              
                             
We have provided additional detail below to explain significant movements during the presented periods.

Fee-Bearing Capital

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Long-Term Private Funds    .................................................................. $ 
Perpetual Strategies   ..........................................................................  
Liquid Strategies    ..............................................................................  
72,797 
Total Fee-Bearing Capital     ................................................................ $  142,416  $  132,195  $  111,195 

2022
46,663  $ 

2021
39,067  $ 

2020
30,307 

12,898 

23,902 

80,230 

71,851 

8,091 

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period  ........................................................................ $  132,195  $ 
Inflows   .............................................................................................................
Outflows    ..........................................................................................................
Distributions    ....................................................................................................
Market Valuation   .............................................................................................
Other    ................................................................................................................
Change  .............................................................................................................
Balance, end of period   ................................................................................... $  142,416  $ 

45,887 
(21,648)   
(1,573)   
(8,432)   
(4,013)   
10,221 

2022

2021

2020
111,195  $  106,476 
16,797 
28,821 
(9,602) 
(8,970)   
(799) 
(1,855)   
968 
4,921 
(2,645) 
(1,917)   
4,719 
21,000 

132,195  $  111,195 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  Fee-Bearing  Capital  increased  by  $10.2  billion  or  8%  to  $142.4  billion, 
attributable mainly to a growth of $11 billion in perpetual strategies and $7.6 billion in Long-term private funds. These 
benefited from capital deployment, in particular inflows resulting from our 11th flagship opportunistic credit fund. This 
was partially offset by a decrease of $8.4 billion in liquid strategies due to redemptions. Lower market valuations also 
adversely impacted liquid strategies.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, Fee-Bearing Capital increased by $21 billion or 19%, due to an $8.8 billion 
increase  in  our  long-term  private  funds  as  a  result  of  capital  deployed,  notably  in  our  latest  opportunistic  credit  fund, 
partially offset by distributions and capital returned to investors. Liquid and perpetual strategies increased by $7.4 billion 
and $4.8 billion, respectively, as a result of strong net inflows and higher valuations.

Fee Revenues

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Management and advisory fees
Long-term private funds     .............................................................................................. $ 
Perpetual Strategies    ....................................................................................  
Liquid Strategies1
  .......................................................................................  
Transaction and advisory fees     .....................................................................................
Total Fee Revenues    ................................................................................................... $ 

2022

2021

2020

529  $ 

414  $ 

184 

144 

268 
49 
1,030  $ 

301 
— 
859  $ 

325 

118 

276 
— 
719 

1.

Represent open-end funds within our credit strategies, and Oaktree's investment in a fixed income manager, as well as in publicly listed securities.

Fee  Revenues  increased  by  $171  million  or  20%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  relative  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021. The increase was predominately attributable to incremental fees earned from our long-term private 
funds as a result of capital deployed across various private funds, primarily within our 11th flagship opportunistic credit 
fund. In addition, fees from perpetual strategies increased by $40 million as a result of higher Fee-Bearing Capital due to 
valuation increases and capital deployed across these strategies. These increases were offset by a $33 million decrease in 
our liquid strategies as a result of reduced valuations and increased outflows.

Fee  Revenues  increased  by  $140  million  or  19%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021  relative  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to $89 million of incremental fees earned from long-term 
private  funds,  driven  by  $6.5  billion  of  capital  deployed  for  our  latest  opportunistic  credit  flagship  fund.  Fees  from 

102                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
perpetual strategies increased by $26 million as a result of market valuation increases and the benefit of capital from two 
reinsurance  transactions  during  the  year.  Fees  from  liquid  strategies  increased  by  $25  million  as  a  result  of  capital 
deployed and valuation increases.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

The  Manager  undertakes  limited  activities,  primarily  receiving  dividends  from  our  asset  management  business  as  the 
primary  source  of  income  and,  in  turn,  distributing  to  shareholders  of  the  Manager  in  accordance  with  its  dividend 
policy. The Manager employs a limited number of resources who provide services to our asset management business and 
for whom associated costs are largely reimbursed. Additional liquidity is availed through a credit facility that is provided 
to the Manager by our asset management business.

Manager Credit Facility with the Asset Management Business

On November 8, 2022,  the Asset Management Company, as lender, established a five-year revolving credit facility in 
favour of the Manager for the amount of $500 million. This is available in U.S. and Canadian dollars, where U.S. dollar 
borrowings  are  subject  to  the  U.S.  Base  Rate  or  SOFR,  and  Canadian  Dollar  borrowings  are  subject  to  the  Canadian 
Prime Rate or Canadian dollar bankers' acceptance rate (“CDOR").

Our Asset Management Business Liquidity

Our  asset  management  business  attempts  to  maintain  sufficient  liquidity  at  all  times  so  that  it  is  able  to  participate  in 
opportunities  as  they  arise,  better  withstand  sudden  adverse  changes  in  economic  circumstances,  as  well  as  maintain 
distributions to the Manager and the Corporation. Our primary sources of liquidity, which we refer to as core liquidity, 
consist of cash and financial assets, and a credit facility with the Corporation. 

As at December 31, 2022 core liquidity for our asset management business was $3.5 billion, consisting of $3.3 billion of 
cash on deposit with the Corporation. Additionally the asset management business has a $300 million revolving credit 
facility established on November 8, 2022, with the Corporation, as lender. The facility is available in U.S. and Canadian 
dollars, where U.S. dollar borrowings are subject to the U.S. Base Rate or SOFR, while Canadian Dollar borrowings are 
subject  to  the  Canadian  Prime  Rate  or  CDOR.  This  liquidity  is  readily  available  for  use  without  any  material  tax 
consequences and can be deployed to support our asset management business in funding strategic transactions as well as 
seeding new investment products.

As  of  December  31,  2021,  the  asset  management  business  had  core  liquidity  of  $2.8  billion,  comprised  of  cash  and 
financial assets. 

The following table presents core liquidity of our asset management business:

  .............................................................. $ 

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Cash and financial assets1
Undrawn committed credit facility     ................................................
Core liquidity     ...............................................................................
Uncalled private fund commitments   .............................................
Total liquidity      .............................................................................. $ 

2022
3,222  $ 
300 
3,522 
87,364 
90,886  $ 

2021
2,797  $ 
— 
2,797 
77,079 
79,876  $ 

2020
2,477 
— 
2,477 
60,594 
63,071 

1.

Net of amounts owing to the Corporation.

FORM 20-F                 103

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uncalled Fund Commitments

The following presents our uncalled fund commitments as of December 31, of each year and December 31, 2022:

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Renewable power and 
transition      ......................... $ 
Infrastructure    ...................
Private equity   ..................
Real estate     .......................
Credit and other    ...............

$ 

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026 +

Total 
2022 Dec. 2021

—  $ 
394 
66 
— 
7 
467  $ 

64  $ 
763 
— 
49 
1,132 
2,008  $ 

126  $ 
244 
923 
257 
448 
1,998  $ 

—  $  14,645  $  14,835  $  12,278 
11,643 
9,863 
25,831 
17,464 
4,029  $  78,862  $  87,364  $  77,079 

17,277 
10,014 
21,589 
15,337 

21,981 
11,003 
21,895 
17,650 

3,303 
— 
— 
726 

Approximately $46 billion of the uncalled fund commitments are currently earning fees. The remainder will become fee-
bearing once the capital is invested. 

Dividends

Please refer to “Dividend Policy” for details on our dividends.  

Capital Resources

Contractual Obligations

On January 31, 2019, a subsidiary of the Corporation committed $2.8 billion to our third flagship real estate fund and has 
funded $1.8 billion of the total commitment as of December 31, 2022 (December 31, 2021 - $1.9 billion).

Clawback Obligations

Performance  allocations  are  subject  to  clawback  to  the  extent  that  the  performance  allocations  received  to  date  with 
respect to a fund exceed the amount due to our asset management business based on cumulative results of that fund. The 
amounts  and  nature  of  our  clawback  obligations  are  described  in  Note  16  “Commitments  and  Contingencies”  of  the 
consolidated and combined financial statements of the Asset Management Company as at and for the years ended 2022 
and 2021.

Capital Requirements 

Certain U.S. and non-U.S. entities of our asset management business are subject to various investment adviser and other 
financial regulatory rules and requirements that may include minimum net capital requirements. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Neither the Manager nor our asset management business is currently a party to any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Related Party Transactions 

The  Manager  and  our  asset  management  business  entered  into  a  number  of  related  party  transactions  with  the 
Corporation. See “Relationship Arrangements”.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Manager

The  Manager  prepares  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  U.S.  GAAP.  The  preparation  of  the 
consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates that affect the 
amounts reported. Management believes that estimates utilized in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements 
are reasonable. Such estimates include those used in the valuation of investments and the measurement of deferred tax 
balances (including valuation allowances). Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be 
material. The Manager believes the following critical accounting policies could potentially produce materially different 
results of the Manager, if underlying assumptions, estimates and/or judgments were to be changed. For a full description 
of  accounting  policies,  see  Note  2.  “Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies”  of  the  consolidated  financial 
statements of the Manager as at December 31, 2022 and for the period from July 4 to December 31, 2022.

104                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments

The Manager accounts for its interests in the Asset Management Company using the equity method of accounting as it is 
able  to  exert  significant  influence.  The  carrying  value  of  equity  method  investments  is  determined  based  on  amounts 
invested  by  the  company,  adjusted  for  the  equity  in  earnings  or  losses  of  the  investee  (including  unrealized  carried 
interest) allocated based on the respective partnership agreement, less distributions received. The Manager evaluates its 
equity  method  investments  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying 
amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.

Business Environment and Quantitative and Qualitative Risk Disclosures

Business Environment

The global economy experienced a broad-based slow-down in 2022 with real GDP falling to 3.4% from 6.0% in 2021, as 
the  rise  in  interest  rates,  lockdowns  in  China,  and  geopolitical  risks  weighed  on  economic  activity.  Lingering  supply 
chain disruptions and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine exacerbated inflationary pressure. As a result, monetary tightening 
and weaker global activity ensued throughout much of the world. The final quarter of 2022 saw an improvement in the 
global growth outlook as China ended its zero Covid policy and Europe avoided recession as gas prices moderated.

In the U.S., which accounts for around a quarter of global GDP, real GDP growth declined sharply to 2.1% in 2022 from 
a strong rebound of 5.9% in 2021. The main economic driver has been persistent price pressures and its implications for 
monetary  policy.  As  demand  outstripped  supply  with  disruptions  arising  from  the  pandemic  and  the  Russia-Ukraine 
conflict, year-on-year consumer price inflation climbed to 9.1% in June, its highest level since 1981, before declining for 
six  straight  months  to  end  the  year  at  6.5%.  The  tight  job  market  also  exacerbated  the  inflation  picture,  with  the 
unemployment rate falling to 3.6% year on year, a fraction lower than it averaged in 2019, before the health crisis struck. 

To  temper  inflation  pressure,  the  Fed  started  its  policy  tightening  in  March  with  a  25bps  hike  and  an  end  to  its 
quantitative easing program. Thereafter it quickly upped the pace to an increase of 50bps in May, four successive 75bp 
hikes from June, and a last 50bps move higher in December, bringing the policy rate to 4.25-4.50% by the end of 2022. 
The terminal rate for this U.S. rate cycle has also continually moved higher over the course of the year, triggered by the 
acceleration in price increases. As a result, the yield curve has reached new levels of inversion with the yield differential 
between the 2 and 10 year treasury touching -84bps in December. 

In  addition  to  the  Fed,  policy  normalization  has  also  started  in  other  parts  of  the  developed  economies.  The  Bank  of 
Canada  raised  rates  at  a  record  pace  of  400bp  in  2022.  The  ECB  started  with  a  50bp  rate  hike  in  July,  and  75bp  in 
September and October. The BoE had already started to raise rates in December 2021, but progressively became more 
aggressive over the year. Monetary tightening was also felt throughout parts of the emerging markets, with some central 
banks starting policy normalization pre-emptively in 2021.

Against  that  backdrop  equity  markets  posted  significant  losses  during  the  year,  with  the  MSCI  World  Index  down  by 
19.0%. The S&P 500, Nasdaq and Stoxx 600 declined 19.4%, 33.1% and 12.8%, respectively for the year. The final few 
months of the year saw equity markets pare back some of the loss, as markets started to price in a Fed pivot post the 
October inflation data, which surprised to the downside. The distinction between developed and developing markets was 
minimal with both indices down by a similar magnitude. Globally, all sectors posted losses with the exception of energy. 
Technology and consumer discretionary fared the worst. 

Debt  markets  in  the  U.S.  and  Europe  experienced  a  widening  in  corporate  credit  spreads  and  a  contraction  in  supply, 
with new U.S. corporate issuance declining by 31% year-on-year to $1.4 trillion. Government yields rose in the largest 
sovereign  markets  during  2022  as  central  banks  embarked  on  an  aggressive  rate  hiking  cycle.  This  saw  10-year  US 
treasury  yields  rise  by  240bps  from  1.5%  to  3.9%  over  the  year.  In  the  final  months  of  the  year,  yields  across  core 
markets  did  fall  from  their  early  October  peak,  as  investors  contemplated  slowing  rate  hikes  from  the  Fed  along  with 
signs of easing in inflation data. 

Weaker capital markets and equity volatility led to a slowdown in M&A activity, with global volumes decreasing 37% to 
$3.7 trillion 2022, after hitting an all-time high of $5.9 trillion in 2021. The global IPO market was also affected, with 
the total amount offered down by 71% year-on-year, the worst annual drop since 2008, albeit from a high volume year in 
2021.

Commodity  prices  increased  over  the  course  of  the  year  due  to  supply  uncertainty  and  resilient  demand,  but  began  to 
weaken in H2 2022 as growth slowed and financial conditions tightened. Brent crude oil saw significant gains of 40% in 
Q1 as demand outstripped supply after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. After rising as high as $128 per barrel in June, oil 

FORM 20-F                 105

prices declined steadily in the second half of the year to $86 per barrel in December, as the prospect of a global economic 
slowdown weighed heavily on demand.

Quantitative and Qualitative Risk Disclosures

The Manager has limited activities and operations. The Manager’s exposure to market, foreign currency, interest rate and 
credit risk is driven by its equity interest in our asset management business.

Market Risk

The primary market risk exposure of our asset management business relates to its role as an asset manager of the publicly 
listed  permanent  capital  vehicles  and  the  sensitivity  of  base  management  fees  earned  from  these  affiliates  due  to 
movements  in  their  underlying  trading  price.  Specifically,  with  respect  to  the  market  risk  related  to  base  management 
fees earned based on the market capitalization of BEP, BIP and BBU and prior to its privatization in July 2021, BPY. 

The table below outlines the impact to base management and advisory fee revenues if there was a 10% decline in the 
market capitalization of the aforementioned permanent capital vehicles:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
BEP  ............................................................................................................ $ 
BIP      .............................................................................................................
BBU     ...........................................................................................................
BPY1
  ...........................................................................................................
Revenues   .................................................................................................... $ 

2022

2021

19  $ 
33 
7 
— 
59  $ 

29  $ 
39 
9 
11 
88  $ 

2020
21 
30 
6 
11 
68 

1.

As BPY was privatized in July 2021, only two quarters of fees in 2021 were exposed to the movement in market prices.

Foreign Currency Risk

We have very limited exposure to foreign currency risk as a majority of our private funds are denominated in USD. This 
means that a majority of the base management fees and carried interest that we earn are paid in USD, irrespective of the 
local currency of our underlying investor base.

Interest Rate Risk

We are not exposed to interest rate risk as we currently do not have any debt outstanding and in turn do not pay interest.

Credit Risk

Investors in our private funds make capital commitments to these vehicles via subscription agreements. When a private 
fund  makes  an  investment,  these  capital  commitments  are  then  satisfied  by  our  investors  via  capital  contributions  as 
prescribed under these subscription agreements. Investors in our private funds may default on their capital commitment 
obligations,  which  could  have  an  adverse  impact  on  our  earnings  or  result  in  other  negative  implications  to  our 
businesses such as the requirement to deploy our own capital to cover such obligations. This impact would be magnified 
if  the  investor  that  does  so  is  in  multiple  funds.  Given  the  diversity  and  creditworthiness  of  our  over  2,000  clients, 
including  some  of  the  world’s  largest  institutional  investors,  sovereign  wealth  funds  and  pension  plans,  we  are  of  the 
view that there is not a material credit risk present in our asset management business.

106                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
APPENDIX A - BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The  Asset  Management  Company  is  a  newly  incorporated  Canadian  unlimited  liability  company,  incorporated  for  the 
purpose of holding our asset management business. The Corporation entered into the Arrangement which resulted in the 
creation  of  a  pure  play  asset  manager  group.  As  part  of  the  Arrangement,  the  Corporation  contributed  certain  indirect 
wholly owned asset management subsidiaries to the asset management business. The contribution of these entities was 
considered a common control transaction and was measured at historical cost. 

In addition, the asset management business entered into several agreements and arrangements which are reflected in the 
Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Statements, among which include:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

The  Asset  Management  Services  Agreement  under  which  the  Manager  will  provide  the  services  of  its  employees 
and  its  Chief  Executive  Officer  to  the  asset  management  business  on  a  cost  recovery  basis  who  in  turn  pays  the 
Manager for the services of these individuals on a cost recovery basis such that neither party receives financial gain 
nor suffers financial loss. Most of the Manager's employees/executives spend their time discharging their duties as 
officers  and  employees  of  the  Manager  and  towards  responsibilities  related  to  the  Company  which  include 
investment,  corporate  and  other  services.  In  addition,  at  the  request  of  the  Company,  the  Manager  may  provide 
options and long term incentive awards to its employees, which will be reimbursed under this agreement;
The Transitional Services Agreement (the "TSA") pursuant to which (i) the Company provides the Corporation and 
the Manager, on a transitional basis, certain services to support day-to-day corporate activities (including services 
relating  to  finance,  treasury,  accounting,  legal  and  regulatory,  marketing,  communications,  human  resources, 
internal audit, information technology), and (ii) the Corporation provides, on a transitional basis, certain services to 
the Company to facilitate the orderly transfer of the asset management business;
The Relationship Agreement under which certain employee share-based and performance-based compensation costs 
are recovered from the Corporation;
Certain  deposit  arrangements  with  the  Corporation  under  which  cash  held  by  the  asset  management  business  has 
been placed on deposit with the Corporation at market terms;
The  issuance  of  preferred  tracking  shares  by  a  subsidiary  of  the  asset  management  business  to  the  Corporation, 
entitling the Corporation to receive all carried interest distributions received by the asset management business in 
respect  of  existing  funds  that  have  already  been  largely  deployed  (such  as  BSREP  I,  BSREP  II,  BSREP  III  and 
Oaktree Cap II L.P.), net of associated costs, distributions received in respect of the Corporation’s limited partner 
interest in BSREP III U.S. investments (i.e., its invested capital), as well as 33.3% of the gross carried interest or 
similar distributions generated by the Asset Management Company's managed assets into certain perpetual funds;
Upon  completion  of  the  Arrangement,  the  asset  management  business  issued  various  classes  of  equity  interest  of  the 
Company's subsidiaries to the Corporation which have rights to priority distributions;
The transfer of the voting rights associated with the general partner of BSREP III to a wholly owned subsidiary of 
the Corporation, giving the Corporation all the relevant rights over the general partner of BSREP III; and
The settlement of historical due to affiliates and due from affiliates balances in the form of cash or other financial 
assets and transfer of certain investments historically held in the asset management business into subsidiaries of the 
Corporation.

The  information  in  the  Unaudited  Pro  Forma  Statements  of  Income  gives  effect  to  the  Arrangement  as  if  it  had  been 
consummated  on  January  1,  2021.  All  financial  data  in  the  Unaudited  Pro  Forma  Financial  Statements  is  presented  in 
U.S. dollars and has been prepared using accounting policies that are consistent with U.S. GAAP. The Unaudited Pro 
Forma  Financial  Statements  have  been  derived  by  the  application  of  pro  forma  adjustments  to  the  historical  audited 
combined consolidated carve-out financial statements of the asset management business for the year ended December 31, 
2021,  as  reported  in  the  Manager's  Form  F-1  dated  November  15,  2022,  and  historical  audited  consolidated  financial 
statements  of  the  asset  management  business  as  at  and  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  to  give  effect  to  the 
Arrangement. Given the transaction was completed on December 9, 2022 there is no additional pro forma impact to the 
balance sheet. 

These Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Statements reflect the following:

•

•

•

•

Asset Management Services Agreement;

Transitional Services Agreement;

Relationship Agreement;

Deposit arrangement with the Corporation;

FORM 20-F                 107

•

•

•

Assignment of general partner rights in BSREP III to a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation;

Settlement of historical due to and due from affiliates in the form of cash or other financial assets and transfer of 
certain investments to the Corporation; and

Issuance of preferred tracking shares from two wholly owned subsidiaries of the Asset Management Company to the 
Corporation.

The  Unaudited  Pro  Forma  Financial  Statements  are  based  on  estimates,  accounting  judgments  and  currently  available 
information and assumptions that management believes are reasonable. The notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Financial 
Statements provide a detailed discussion of how such adjustments were derived and presented. The Unaudited Pro Forma 
Financial  Statements  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  audited  combined  consolidated  carve-out  financial 
statements of the asset management business for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and historical audited 
combined and consolidated financial statements of the asset management business as at and for the year ended December 
31, 2022, and the accompanying notes to such financial statements. The Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Statements have 
been  prepared  for  illustrative  purposes  only  and  are  not  necessarily  indicative  of  the  asset  management  business’ 
financial  position  or  results  of  operations  had  the  transactions  for  which  the  asset  management  business  is  giving  pro 
forma effect occurred on the dates or for the periods indicated, nor is such pro forma financial information necessarily 
indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. A number of factors may affect our results. 

108                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Brookfield Asset Management ULC Balance Sheet Adjustments – as at December 31, 2022

There  are  no  pro  forma  balance  sheet  adjustments  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  as  the  Arrangement  was 
completed on December 9, 2022 and all impacts of the Arrangement have been appropriately reflected in the year-end 
balance sheet.

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER  31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Revenues

Management fee revenues

Historical 
Brookfield 
Asset 
Management 
ULC

Autonomous 
Entity 
Adjustments

Transaction 
Accounting 
Adjustments

Notes

Brookfield 
Asset 
Management 
ULC 
(pro forma)

Base management and advisory fees
Performance Fees

$ 

Total management fee revenues
Investment income

Carried interest allocations

Realized
Unrealized

Total investment income
Interest and dividend revenue
Other revenues
Total revenues

Expenses

Compensation, operating, and general and 
administrative expenses
Compensation and benefits
Other operating expenses
General and administrative
Total compensation, operating and 
general and administrative expenses
Carried interest allocation compensation
Interest expense paid to related parties
Total expenses

Other income (expenses), net
Share of income from equity accounted 
investments
Income before taxes
Income tax (expense) benefit
Net income
Net (income) attributable to redeemable 
non-controlling interests in consolidated 
funds
Net (income) attributable to preferred share 
redeemable non-controlling interest
Net (income) attributable non-controlling 
interest
Net income attributable to common 
shareholders

2,835  $ 
—   
2,835   

—  $ 
—   
—   

241   
249   
490   
258   
44   
3,627   

(700)  
(236)  
(81)  

(1,017)  
(200)  
(154)  
(1,371)  

1,090   

146   
3,492   
(627)  
2,865   

(909)  

(35)  

(6)  

—   
—   
—   
—   
144   
144   

26   
—   
—   

26   
76   
—   
102   

—   

—   
246   
(62)  
184   

—   

—   

—   

(iii)

$ 

74 
— 
74 

— 
— 
— 

(203)  (i), (iii)

(v)

— 
(129) 

(v)

(iii)

(v)
(i)

— 
— 
15 

15 
— 
154 
169 

(i), (iii),
(iv), (vii)

(928) 

— 
(888) 
— 
(888) 

(vi)

909 

(iii)

(511)  (ii), (iii)

(92) 

(iv)

2,909 
— 
2,909 

241 
249 
490 
55 
188 
3,642 

(674) 
(236) 
(66) 

(976) 
(124) 
— 
(1,100) 

162 

146 
2,850 
(689) 
2,161 

— 

(546) 

(98) 

$ 

1,915  $ 

184  $ 

(582) 

$ 

1,517 

FORM 20-F                 109

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brookfield Asset Management ULC Transaction Accounting Adjustments – For the year ended December 31, 2022

i.

Related Party Transactions

$2.9 billion of cash has been placed on deposit with the Corporation and bears interest annually at a market rate, subject 
to market adjustments. As a result, the Unaudited Pro Forma Statements of Income reflect interest income of $55 million 
for the year ended December 31, 2022 remaining after the following adjustments.

Interest  and  dividend  revenue  and  expenses  associated  with  the  due  to  affiliates  balances,  due  from  affiliates  balances 
and  investments  which  have  been  repaid  or  transferred  have  been  adjusted  in  the  Unaudited  Pro  Forma  Statements  of 
Income  as  follows  (excluding  $22  million  of  interest  and  dividend  revenue  which  was  derecognized  as  a  result  of  the 
deconsolidation of BSREP III; see footnote (iii)):

(millions)
Interest and dividend revenue
Interest expense paid to related parties

Year ended
December 31, 2022

$ 

(181) 
154 

For the purposes of the Unaudited Pro Forma Statements of Income, other income (expenses), net income has been 
adjusted for the fair value movements recognized on the investments transferred to the Corporation, resulting in a 
decrease of $5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

ii. Preferred tracking shares

In  connection  with  the  Arrangement,  subsidiaries  of  the  asset  management  business  issued  preferred  tracking  shares 
(“Tracking  Shares”)  to  the  Corporation,  entitling  the  Corporation  to  retain  the  right  to  receive  all  carried  interest 
distributions on mature funds which already have been largely deployed (such as BSREP I, BSREP II, BSREP III and 
Oaktree  Cap  II  L.P.)  as  well  in  the  case  of  BSREP  III  U.S.  investments,  any  distributions  received  in  respect  of  the 
limited  partner  interest  and  33.3%  of  the  gross  carried  interest  or  similar  distributions  generated  by  the  Asset 
Management  Company's  managed  assets  into  perpetual  funds.  The  Tracking  Shares  provide  the  holder  thereof  with  a 
redemption right equal to the fair value of carried interest receivable, net of any compensation related costs by the asset 
management business, as well as future LP distributions from BSREP III U.S. investments. These interests are presented 
as  preferred  share  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  within  the  Unaudited  Pro  Forma  Balance  Sheet,  outside  of 
permanent equity and measured at their redemption value.

All  of  the  BSREP  III  U.S.  investments  limited  partner  distributions  and  the  mature  fund  carried  interest  distributions 
have  been  allocated  to  the  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  as  a  result  of  their  Tracking  Shares  which  takes  into 
consideration  the  contractual  arrangements  that  govern  allocation  of  income  or  loss.  Net  income  attributable  to  the 
preferred shares held by the Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2022 amounted to $546 million.

As  a  result  of  this  arrangement,  the  Corporation  effectively  retains  100%  of  the  carried  interest  earned  in  the  mature 
funds and their associated long-term incentive costs, whereas ongoing compensation costs of employees excluding the 
long-term incentive compensation associated with these funds will reside within the asset management business (subject 
to any rebalancing through the cost sharing agreements — see footnote (v) under “Brookfield Asset Management ULC 
Autonomous Entity Adjustments — For the year ended December 31, 2022”).

iii. Assignment of BSREP III General Partner Rights to the Corporation

As a result of the Arrangement, the voting rights associated with the general partner of BSREP III were transferred to a 
wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation, giving the Corporation all of the relevant rights over the general partner of 
BSREP III. The asset management business no longer controls or influences BSREP III. As a result, BSREP III has been 
deconsolidated and accounted for as a financial asset by the asset management business.

This adjustment represents the deconsolidation of BSREP III from the asset management business, removing the impact 
of  the  consolidated  results  of  operations  and  adding  back  management  and  advisory  fees  which  were  previously 
eliminated on consolidation as a result of intercompany arrangements.

110                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
The adjustments to the Unaudited Pro Forma Statements of Income are as follows: 

(millions)
Management and advisory fees
Interest and dividend revenue
General and administrative
Other income (expenses), net
Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest

Year ended
December 31, 2022

$ 

74 
(22) 
15 
(976) 
909

iv. Escrow Share Plan Adjustments

In connection with the Arrangement, the Corporation accelerated the vesting of the Escrow Shares and issued new shares 
in the Corporation to select employees. As a result, the $3 million expense recognized in relation to the Escrow Shares 
by the asset management business as a result of the acceleration of the vesting terms of the old awards has been removed 
from the 2022 Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Income and included in the 2021 Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of 
Income in order to reflect the impact of the transaction in the earliest period presented.

Brookfield Asset Management ULC Autonomous Entity Adjustments – For the year ended December 31, 2022

v. Asset Management Services Agreement and Relationship Agreement

The  adjustment  to  the  Unaudited  Pro  Forma  Statements  of  Income  related  to  employee  costs  and  the  impact  of  the 
AMSA and Relationship Agreement reflects the following adjustments:

•

•

•

The  movement  of  employees  from  the  asset  management  business  to  the  Manager,  resulting  in  a  reduction  in 
unrealized carried interest allocation of $76 million and a reduction in unrealized carried interest allocation of 

Under the AMSA, the asset management business reimburses certain employee costs associated with the Manager 
employees  providing  services  to  the  asset  management  business.  As  a  result,  the  impact  to  Compensation  and 
benefits is a decrease of $26 million. Expenses incurred under the AMSA are offset by the impact of certain share-
based cash settled awards which are required to be revalued at each balance sheet date. For the year ended December 
31, 2022, the revaluation resulted in a decrease in the equity award liability and as a result the asset management 
business is responsible for reimbursing the difference to the Corporation.

As part of the AMSA and the Relationship Agreement, the cost associated with the historical long term incentive 
plans for employees of the asset management business will be recharged back to the Corporation who is responsible 
for ultimately settling the instruments at the time of exercise. As a result, the impact to Other revenue is an increase 
of $144 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to represent the recharge to the Corporation.

vi. Tax Impact

The adjustment to reflect the tax effects of the pro forma adjustments is calculated at the average statutory rates in effect 
in each relevant jurisdiction for the periods presented. The impact of pro forma adjustments has the effect of increasing 
deductible temporary differences for which no deferred income tax recoveries have been recognized.

The Unaudited Pro Forma Statements of Income for the periods below have been adjusted for the tax impact of the asset 
management business’ pro forma adjustments are as follows:

(millions)
Benefit for taxes

vii. Transaction costs

Year ended
December 31, 2022

$ 

(62) 

This adjustment reflects the legal, professional and other fees incurred in relation to the execution of the Arrangement. 
These costs have been removed from the 2022 Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Income and included in the 2021 
Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Income in order to reflect the impact of the transaction in the earliest period 
presented.

FORM 20-F                 111

 
 
 
viii. Net income attributable to non-controlling interest

Upon completion of the Arrangement, the Company issued various classes of equity interests of the Company’s 
subsidiaries to the Corporation which have rights to priority distributions. As a result of the Arrangement, the 
Corporation effectively retains 33.3% of the carried interest in new and more recent funds. Net income (loss) and other 
comprehensive income, if applicable, generated by the respective subsidiaries is allocated to non-controlling interest in 
consolidated entities based on the substantive contractual terms of the subsidiaries’ governing agreements that specify 
the allocation of income or loss.  For the year ended December 31, 2022, net income attributable to non-controlling 
interests was $98 million. 

112                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Historical 
Brookfield 
Asset 
Management 
ULC

Autonomous 
Entity 
Adjustments

Transaction 
Accounting 
Adjustments

Notes

Brookfield Asset 
Management 
ULC 
(pro forma)

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER  31, 2021
(MILLIONS)
Revenues

Management fee revenues

Base management and advisory fees

$ 

Performance fees
Total management fee revenues
Investment income

Carried interest allocations

Realized
Unrealized

Total investment income
Interest and dividend revenue
Other revenues
Total revenues

Expenses

Compensation, operating, and general 
and administrative expenses
Compensation and benefits
Other operating expenses
General and administrative
Total compensation, operating and 
general and administrative expenses
Carried interest allocation compensation
Interest expense paid to related parties
Total expenses

Other income (expenses) net
Share of income from equity accounted 
investments
Income before taxes
Income tax (expense) benefit
Net income
Net (income) loss attributable to 
redeemable non-controlling interest in 
consolidated funds
Net (income) loss attributable to 
preferred share redeemable non-
controlling interest
Net income attributable to common 
shareholders

2,266  $ 
157   
2,423   

—  $ 
—   
—   

49   
299   
348   
293   
23   
3,087   

(703)  
(185)  
(132)  

(1,020)  
(211)  
(171)  
(1,402)  

1,504   

161   
3,350   
(504)  
2,846   

—   
—   
—   
—   
335   
335   

(72)  
—   
—   

(72)  
—   
—   
(72)  

—   

—   
263   
(65)  
198   

(977)  

977 

(iii)

$ 

126 
— 
126 

— 
— 
— 

(280)  (i), (iii)

(v)

— 
(154) 

(v)

(iii), (v)

(i)

(55) 
— 
69 

14 
— 
171 
185 

(1,478) 

(i), (iii), 
(iv), (vii)

— 
(1,447) 
— 
(1,447) 

(vi)

(iii)

2,392 
157 
2,549 

49 
299 
348 
13 
358 
3,268 

(830) 
(185) 
(63) 

(1,078) 
(211) 
— 
(1,289) 

26 

161 
2,166 
(569) 
1,597 

— 

—   

—   

(488) 

(ii) 

(488) 

$ 

1,869  $ 

1,175  $ 

(1,935) 

$ 

1,109 

FORM 20-F                 113

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brookfield Asset Management ULC Transaction Accounting Adjustments – For the year ended December 31, 2021

i. Related Party Transactions

$2.9 billion of cash has been placed on deposit with the Corporation and bears interest annually at a market rate. As a 
result,  the  Unaudited  Pro  Forma  Statements  of  Income  reflect  interest  income  of  $13  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2021.

In addition, interest and dividend revenue and expenses associated with the due to affiliates balance, due from affiliates 
balance and equity instruments which have been repaid have been adjusted in the Unaudited Pro Forma Statements of 
Income  as  follows  (excluding  $16  million  of  interest  and  dividend  revenue  which  was  derecognized  as  a  result  of  the 
deconsolidation of BSREP III; see footnote (iv)):

(millions)
Interest and dividend revenue
Interest expense paid to related parties

Year ended
December 31, 2021

$ 

(277) 
171

For the purposes of the Unaudited Pro Forma Statements of Income, other income (expenses), net has been adjusted for 
the fair value movements recognized on the investments transferred to the Corporation, resulting in a decrease of $333 
million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

ii. Preferred Tracking Shares

BSREP III U.S. investments limited partner distributions, mature and open-ended fund carried interest distributions, net 
of costs, have been allocated to the redeemable non-controlling interest as a result of their Tracking Shares which takes 
into  consideration  the  contractual  arrangements  that  govern  allocation  of  income  or  loss.  Net  income  attributable  to 
preferred share redeemable non-controlling interest for the year ended December 31, 2021 amounted to $488 million.

iii. Transfer of BSREP III General Partner Rights to Brookfield Corporation

This adjustment represents the deconsolidation of BSREP III from the asset management business, removing the impact 
of  the  consolidated  results  of  operations  and  adding  back  management  and  advisory  fees  which  were  previously 
eliminated on consolidation as a result of intercompany arrangements.

The adjustments to the Unaudited Pro Forma Statements of Income are as follows:

(millions)
Management and advisory fees
Interest and dividend revenue
General and administrative
Other income (expenses), net
Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest

Year ended
December 31, 2021

$ 

126 
(16)
14
(1,101)
977

iv. Escrow Share Plan Adjustments

In  connection  with  the  Arrangement,  the  Corporation  accelerated  the  vesting  of  its  share  awards  issued  to  employees 
under  the  escrow  share  plan  (“Escrow  Shares”)  and  issued  new  shares  in  the  Corporation  to  select  employees.  As  a 
result, the $3 million expense recognized in relation to the Escrow Shares by the asset management business as a result 
of  the  acceleration  of  the  vesting  terms  of  the  old  awards  has  been  removed  from  the  2022  Unaudited  Pro  Forma 
Statement of Income and included in the 2021 Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Income in order to reflect the impact 
of the transaction in the earliest period presented.

Brookfield Asset Management ULC Autonomous Entity Adjustments - For the year ended December 31, 2021

v. Asset Management Services Agreement and Relationship Agreement

The  adjustment  to  the  Unaudited  Pro  Forma  Statements  of  Income  related  to  employee  costs  and  the  impact  of  the 
AMSA and Relationship Agreement reflects the following adjustments:

114                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

•

•

•

Reallocation of certain Corporate employee costs to align with the 2022 presentation from General administrative 
and other to the Compensation and benefits line of $55 million.

Under  the  AMSA,  the  asset  management  business  reimburses  the  employee  costs  associated  with  the  Manager 
employees  providing  services  to  the  asset  management  business.  As  a  result,  the  impact  to  Compensation  and 
benefits is an increase of $72 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

As part of the AMSA and the Relationship Agreement, the cost associated with the historical long term incentive 
plans for employees of the asset management business will be recharged back to the Corporation who is responsible 
for ultimately settling the instruments at the time of exercise. As a result, the impact to Other revenue is an increase 
of  $335  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021  to  represent  the  recharge  to  the  Corporation.    Expenses 
incurred under the AMSA are offset by the impact of certain share-based cash settled awards which are required to 
be  revalued  at  each  balance  sheet  date.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  the  revaluation  resulted  in  an 
increase in the equity award liability and as a result the Corporation is responsible for reimbursing the difference to 
the asset management business.

vi. Tax Impact

The adjustment to reflect the tax effects of the pro forma adjustments is calculated at the average statutory rates in effect 
in each relevant jurisdiction for the periods presented. The impact of pro forma adjustments has the effect of increasing 
deductible temporary differences for which no deferred income tax recoveries have been recognized.

The  Unaudited  Pro  Forma  Statements  of  Income  for  the  periods  below  have  been  adjusted  for  the  tax  impact  of  asset 
management business’ pro forma adjustments are as follows:

(millions)
Income tax expense

vii. Transaction costs

Year ended
December 31, 2021

$ 

(65) 

This adjustment reflects the legal, professional and other fees incurred in relation to the execution of the Arrangement. 
These costs have been removed from the 2022 Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Income and included in the 2021 
Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Income in order to reflect the impact of the transaction in the earliest period 
presented.

5.B 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

See Item 5.A “Operating Results – Liquidity and Capital Resources”.

5.C 

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES, ETC.

None.

5.D 

TREND INFORMATION

See Item 5.A “Operating Results — Business Environment and Quantitative and Qualitative Risk Disclosures”.

5.E 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

See Item 5.A “Operating Results — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”.

FORM 20-F                 115

                                                                                                      
6.A 

DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT

Our Board of Directors and Executive Officers

The table below presents certain information concerning the directors of the Manager as of the date of this Form 20-F.

Name(1)
Mark Carney

Position/Title
Chair of the Board and Head of 
Transition Investing; Director

Age
57

Marcel R. Coutu(3)(4)(5)

Lead Independent Director

Bruce Flatt

Chief Executive Officer; Director

Olivia (Liv) Garfield(3)(5)

Director

Nili Gilbert(3)(4)

Director

Keith Johnson(3)(4)

Director

Brian W. Kingston

Chief Executive Officer of Real 
Estate; Director

Allison Kirkby(3)(4)

Director

Cyrus Madon

Chief Executive Officer of Private 
Equity; Director

Diana Noble(3)(5)

Director

Samuel J. B. Pollock

Chief Executive Officer of 
Infrastructure; Director

Satish Rai(3)

Director

69

57

47

44

47

48
49

55

57

61

56

59

Principal Occupation(2)
Chair and Head of Transition 
Investing

Corporate Director

Chief Executive Officer of the 
Manager and the Corporation

Chief Executive Officer of Severn 
Trent

Vice Chairwoman of Carbon Direct 
LLC

Senior Managing Director of Sequoia 
Heritage

Chief Executive Officer of Real 
Estate

President and Chief Executive Officer 
of Telia Company

Chief Executive Officer of Private 
Equity

Founder of Kirkos Partners

Chief Executive Officer of 
Infrastructure

Senior Global Financial Services 
Executive

(1) Mr.  Carney  principally  lives  in  Ottawa,  Canada.  Mr.  Coutu  principally  lives  in  Calgary,  Canada.  Mses.  Garfield  and  Noble  principally  live  in 
London,  U.K.  Ms.  Gilbert  and  Mr.  Kingston  principally  live  in  New  York,  U.S.  Mr.  Johnson  principally  lives  in  Wyoming,  U.S.  Mr.  Flatt 
principally  lives  in  New  York,  U.S.,  London,  U.K.  and  Dubai,  UAE.  Ms.  Kirkby  principally  lives  in  Stockholm,  Sweden  and  Windsor,  U.K. 
Messrs. Madon and Pollock principally live in Toronto, Canada. Mr. Rai principally lives in Pickering, Canada. The business address for each of 
the directors is 181 Bay Street, Suite 100, Brookfield Place, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2T3, Canada.

(2)  Current principal occupation is with the Manager, unless otherwise noted. See below for the five-year history of each director.
(3)  Denotes independent director.
(4) Member of our Audit Committee. Mr. Coutu is Chair of our Audit Committee. All members of our Audit Committee are independent and

financially literate within
the meaning of National Instrument 52-110 – Audit Committees.

(5) Member of our Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee. Ms. Garfield is Chair of our Governance, Nominating and Compensation

Committee.

116 

 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

The table below presents certain information concerning the executive officers of the Manager as of the date of this Form 
20-F.

Position/Title

Chief Administrative Officer 
and General Counsel

Age

53

Principal Occupation(2)

Chief Administrative Officer and General 
Counsel of the Manager

Name(1)

Justin B. Beber

Bruce Flatt

Brian W. Kingston

Cyrus Madon

Chief Executive Officer; 
Director

Chief Executive Officer of 
Real Estate; Director

Chief Executive Officer of 
Private Equity; Director

Bahir Manios

Chief Financial Officer 

Craig W. A. Noble

Chief Executive Officer of 
Alternative Investments

Samuel J. B. Pollock Chief Executive Officer of 

Connor D. Teskey

Infrastructure; Director

President of the Manager and 
Chief Executive Officer of 
Renewable Power & 
Transition

57

49

57

44

49

56

35

Chief Executive Officer of the Manager and the 
Corporation

Chief Executive Officer of Real Estate

Chief Executive Officer of Private Equity

Chief  Financial Officer of the Manager 

Chief Executive Officer of Alternative 
Investments

Chief Executive Officer of Infrastructure

President of the Manager and Chief Executive 
Officer of Renewable Power & Transition

(1) Messrs. Beber, Madon, Manios, Noble and Pollock principally live in Toronto, Canada. Mr. Kingston principally lives in New York, U.S. Mr. Flatt 
principally lives in New York, U.S., London, U.K. and Dubai, UAE. Mr. Teskey principally lives in London, U.K. The business address for each
of the executive officers is 181 Bay Street, Suite 100, Brookfield Place, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2T3, Canada.

(2)  Current principal occupation is with the Manager, unless otherwise noted. See below for the five-year history of each executive officer.

Mark Carney. Mr. Carney is currently Chair of the Manager and Head of Transition Investing. In this role, he is focused 
on the development of products for investors that will combine positive social and environmental outcomes with strong 
risk-adjusted  returns.  Mr.  Carney  was  a  Vice  Chair  of  the  Corporation.  Mr.  Carney  is  an  economist  and  banker  who 
served as the Governor of the Bank of England from 2013 to 2020, and prior to that as Governor of the Bank of Canada 
from 2008 until 2013. He was Chair of the Financial Stability Board from 2011 to 2018. Prior to his governorships, Mr. 
Carney worked at Goldman Sachs as well as the Canadian Department of Finance. Mr. Carney is currently the United 
Nations Special Envoy for Climate Action and Finance and Co-Chair for the Glasgow Finance Alliance for Net Zero. 
Mr. Carney is an external member of the board of Stripe, a member of the Global Advisory Board of PIMCO, Senior 
Counsellor of the MacroAdvisory Partners, a member of the board of Cultivo and Advisor to Watershed. He is also a 
member  of  the  Group  of  Thirty,  Harvard  University,  Rideau  Hall  Foundation,  Bilderberg,  as  well  as  the  boards  of 
Bloomberg  Philanthropies,  the  Peterson  Institute  for  International  Economics  and  the  Hoffman  Institute  for  Global 
Business and Society at INSEAD. Mr. Carney is also Chair of the Advisory Boards of Chatham House and Canada 2020. 
Mr. Carney holds doctorate and master’s degrees from Oxford University and a bachelor’s degree in Economics from 
Harvard University.

Marcel  R.  Coutu.  Mr.  Coutu  is  currently  and  has  been  a  director  of  the  Manager  since  November  2022  and  was  a 
director of the Corporation between 2006 and November 2022. Mr. Coutu is the past Chairman of Syncrude Canada Ltd., 
a  former  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  Canadian  Oil  Sands  Ltd.,  and  Senior  Vice-President  and  Chief 
Financial  Officer  of  Gulf  Canada  Resources  Limited,  and  has  held  a  number  of  senior  roles  in  corporate  finance, 
investment banking, mining and oil & gas exploration and development. Mr. Coutu is a board director of IGM Financial 
Inc.,  Power  Corporation  of  Canada,  Great-West  Lifeco  Inc.  and  the  Calgary  Stampede  Foundation  Board.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Canadian  Council  of  Chief  Executives,  a  past  member  of  the  Board  of  Governors  of  the  Canadian 
Association  of  Petroleum  Producers  and  a  past  member  of  the  Association  of  Professional  Engineers,  Geologists  and 

FORM 20-F 

 117

Geophysicists of Alberta. Mr. Coutu holds a Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Geology from the University of Waterloo 
and an MBA from the University of Western Ontario.

Bruce Flatt. Mr. Flatt is currently the Chief Executive Officer of  Brookfield and has served as a director of the Manager 
since its founding and director of the Corporation since April 2001. Mr. Flatt joined the Corporation in 1990 and became 
Chief Executive Officer in 2002. Mr. Flatt has been on numerous public company boards over the past three decades and 
does not currently sit on any external corporate boards.

Olivia (Liv) Garfield. Ms. Garfield is the Chief Executive Officer of Severn Trent, a FTSE 100 water utilities company. 
Before joining Severn Trent, Ms. Garfield was Chief Executive Officer of Openreach, part of the BT Group, where she 
spearheaded and oversaw the commercial roll-out of fibre broadband to two-thirds of the country. She joined BT in 2002 
and  held  the  pivotal  roles  of  Group  Director  of  Strategy  and  Regulation,  Managing  Director  Commercial  and  Brands, 
Global  Services  and  UK  Customer  Services  Director.  From  1998  to  2002,  Ms.  Garfield  worked  for  Accenture  as  a 
consultant in the Communications and High Tech Market Unit, designing and implementing business change solutions 
across  a  number  of  industry  sectors.  In  October  2020,  Ms.  Garfield  was  appointed  Commander  of  the  Order  of  the 
British Empire (CBE) in the Queen’s Birthday Honours for services to the water industry. Ms. Garfield holds a Bachelor 
of Arts (Honours) from Murray Edwards College, University of Cambridge.

Nili Gilbert. Ms. Gilbert is currently the Vice Chairwoman of Carbon Direct, a leader in scaling carbon management 
into a global industry through both climate technology investments and client advisory. She is also Chair of the Glasgow 
Financial Alliance for Net Zero’s Advisory Panel of technical experts, as well as a member of its CEO Principals Group. 
Ms. Gilbert also sits as the Chair of US Policy for the UN-Convened Asset Owner Alliance and serves as Chairwoman of 
the Investment Committees of both the David Rockefeller Fund and the Synergos Institute. She is a Senior Advisor at 
Boston  Consulting  Group  (BCG)  and  a  member  of  the  Social  Mission  Board  of  Seventh  Generation,  a  wholly-owned 
subsidiary of Unilever. Previously, she was Co-Founder and Portfolio Manager of Matarin Capital. Ms. Gilbert received 
her BA, magna cum laude, from Harvard University, her MBA from Columbia Business School, where she was a Toigo 
Fellow,  and  has  completed  programs  in  leadership  and  sustainability  at  Oxford  and  Stanford  Universities.  In  addition, 
Ms. Gilbert is a CFA and CAIA charterholder.

Keith  Johnson.  Mr.  Johnson  is  founder  and  currently  Senior  Managing  Director  of  Sequoia  Heritage,  a  global, 
evergreen private investment partnership investing on behalf of entrepreneurs, families and philanthropies established in 
2010.  Prior  to  Sequoia  Heritage,  Mr.  Johnson  held  several  investment  and  wealth  management  positions  with  the 
Stanford  Management  Company,  Bel  Air  Investment  Advisors  and  Salomon  Smith  Barney  (acquired  by  Morgan 
Stanley). Mr. Johnson holds a Bachelor of Science in Statistics from the Brigham Young University and an MBA from 
the UCLA Anderson School of Management. Mr. Johnson is a CFA charterholder.

Brian  W.  Kingston.  Mr.  Kingston  is  currently  a  Managing  Partner  of  the  Manager  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of 
Brookfield Property Group and previously held the same role for the Corporation. Mr. Kingston joined the Corporation 
in  2001  and  was  named  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  Brookfield  Property  Group  in  2015.  Prior  to  his  current  role,  Mr. 
Kingston  led  the  Corporation’s  Australian  business  activities,  holding  the  positions  of  Chief  Executive  Officer  of 
Brookfield Office Properties Australia, Chief Executive Officer of Prime Infrastructure and Chief Financial Officer of 
Multiplex. Mr. Kingston holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree from Queen's university.

Allison Kirkby. Ms. Kirby is the President and CEO of Telia Company, the leading digital communications provider to 
the Nordic and Baltic region, and has built deep expertise in the TMT Sector over the past decade. She was previously 
President and Group CEO of TDC Group until October 2019, and President & Group CEO of Tele2 AB from 2015 to 
2018,  having  been  Tele2  AB’s  Group  CFO  from  2014.  She  has  also  held  financial  and  operational  roles  within  21st 
Century  Fox,  Virgin  Media,  Procter  &  Gamble  and  Guinness.  Ms.  Kirkby  serves  on  the  board  of  BT  Group  as  an 
independent non-executive director, a position she has held since March 2019 and is currently a member of BT Group’s 
Audit  &  Risk,  Compliance  and  Nominations  Committees.  Ms.  Kirkby  holds  an  Accounting  degree  from  Glasgow 
Caledonian University and is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants.

Cyrus  Madon.  Mr.  Madon  is  a  Managing  Partner  of  the  Manager,  head  of  the  Manager’s  Private  Equity  Group  and 
Chief Executive Officer of Brookfield Business Partners L.P. and previously held the same role for the Corporation. In 
this  role,  he  is  responsible  for  the  expansion  of  the  Corporation’s  private  equity  business.  Mr.  Madon  joined  the 
Corporation in 1998 and has held a number of senior roles across the organization, including head of the Corporation’s 

118 

 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Corporate  Lending  business.  Prior  to  the  Corporation,  Mr.  Madon  worked  at  PricewaterhouseCoopers  in  Corporate 
Finance and Recovery. He holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree from Queen’s University. He is also on the board of 
the C.D. Howe Institute.

Diana  Noble.  Ms.  Noble's  background  is  in  private  equity,  venture  capital  and  international  development.  She  was  a 
partner of Schroder Ventures, later Permira, for 10 years, founder CEO of eVentures and Reed Elsevier Ventures and 
from 2011-17 was CEO of British International Investment, the British Government’s development finance institution, 
investing  solely  in  Africa  and  South  Asia,  with  a  dual  mission  of  financial  return  and  development  impact.  She  is 
currently a member of the Bank of England’s Court (the Bank’s governing Board) and chaired the 2021 Court Review 
into Ethnic Diversity and Inclusion at the Bank. Her advisory business, Kirkos Partners advises leaders of PE/VC firms 
on important strategic events, such as leadership transition. She has recently published research on this topic (“When to 
Go and How to Go” – Founder and Leader Transition in Private Equity) with Professor Josh Lerner of Harvard Business 
School. She also chairs The Children’s Society and the Investment Committee of MedAccess, which accelerates access 
to healthcare products for patients across Africa and South Asia through innovative structures such as volume guarantees 
for manufacturers.

Samuel J. B. Pollock. Mr. Pollock is currently a Managing Partner of the Manager, head of the Manager’s Infrastructure 
Group  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  Brookfield  Infrastructure  Partners  and  previously  held  the  same  role  for  the 
Corporation. In this role, he is responsible for the expansion of the infrastructure operating business. Since joining the 
Corporation in 1994, Mr. Pollock has held a number of senior positions across the organization, including leading the 
Corporation’s  corporate  investment  group  and  its  private  equity  business.  Mr.  Pollock  holds  a  Bachelor  of  Commerce 
degree from Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario and is a Chartered Professional Accountant.

Satish Rai. Mr. Rai was formerly the Chief Investment Officer at OMERS overseeing all asset classes globally.  Prior to 
joining OMERS in January 2015, he served as Chief Investment Officer at TD Asset Management where he previously 
chaired the Committee of the Advancement of Visible Minorities in Leadership Roles and was a Diversity Leadership 
Council  member.  Mr.  Rai  is  currently  a  senior  advisor  at  OMERS  and  additionally  he  serves  on  the  Board  of  Fairfax 
India, Richcraft Homes and Second Harvest and on the Advisory Committee for Capitalize for Kids. He is a past member 
of  the  respective  Boards  of  the  University  of  Waterloo,  Michael  Garron  Hospital  Foundation  (formerly  Toronto  East 
General  Hospital  Foundation),  Toronto  Global  and  Women  in  Capital  Markets.  In  2006  he  received  the  Alumni 
Achievement  Medal  from  Waterloo’s  Faculty  of  Mathematics.  Mr.  Rai  holds  both  a  Bachelor  of  Mathematics 
(University  of  Waterloo)  and  a  CFA  and  is  a  member  of  the  Young  Presidents’  Organization/World  Presidents’ 
Organization.

Justin B. Beber. Mr. Beber is currently a Managing Partner, Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel of the 
Manager and was a Managing Partner, Head of Corporate Strategy and Chief Legal Officer of the Corporation. In this 
role,  he  provides  strategic  and  legal  advice  across  the  asset  management  business,  acts  as  counsel  to  and  corporate 
secretary  for  the  Board  and  has  oversight  of  legal,  compliance  and  risk  activities  of  the  Manager.  Since  joining 
Brookfield in 2007, Mr. Beber has held a number of senior positions across the organization, including Head of Strategic 
Initiatives  for  Brookfield  Infrastructure  Group.  Prior  to  joining  Brookfield,  Mr.  Beber  was  a  partner  with  a  leading 
Toronto-based law firm, where his practice focused on corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions and private equity. 
Mr. Beber earned his combined MBA/LLB from the Schulich School of Business and Osgoode Hall Law School at York 
University and holds a Bachelor of Economics from McGill University. He is a member of the Law Society of Ontario.

Bahir  Manios.  Mr.  Manios  is  currently  the  Chief  Financial  Officer  of  the  Manager.  In  this  role,  he  is  responsible  for 
overseeing  finance,  treasury,  tax,  investor  relations  and  IT  functions.  Mr.  Manios  joined  the  Corporation  in  2004  and 
most  recently  held  the  role  of  Managing  Partner  of  the  Corporation  and  the  Chief  Strategy  Officer  of  Brookfield 
Infrastructure and Chief Investment Officer of Brookfield Reinsurance. In this capacity, he has the overall responsibility 
for investment performance, growth initiatives and funding activities across the business. Mr. Manios is a graduate of the 
School of Business and Economics at Wilfrid Laurier University and is a member of the Canadian Institute of Chartered 
Accountants.

Craig W. A. Noble. Mr. Noble is currently a Managing Partner and Chief Executive Officer of Alternative Investments 
of the Manager and previously held the same role for the Corporation. In this role, he is responsible for the Manager’s 
asset  management  business,  including  servicing  and  growing  the  client  base  and  the  expansion  of  the  Corporation’s 

FORM 20-F 

 119

client offerings and strategies. Since joining the Corporation in 2004, Mr. Noble has held a number of senior positions 
across the organization, including CEO of the Corporation’s Public Securities business and various investment roles in 
the private and public markets. Mr. Noble holds a Master of Business Administration degree from York University and a 
Bachelor of Commerce degree from Mount Allison University. Mr. Noble is also a CFA charterholder.

Connor D. Teskey. Mr. Teskey is currently the President of the Manager, head of Brookfield's Renewable Power and 
Transition  business  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  Brookfield  Renewable  Partner  and  previously  was  a  Managing 
Partner  for  the  Corporation.  In  this  role,  he  is  responsible  for  investments,  operations  and  the  expansion  of  the 
Renewable  Power  &  Transition  business.  Mr.  Teskey  is  also  Brookfield’s  Head  of  Europe,  with  responsibility  for 
overseeing  the  Firm’s  business  activities  in  the  region.  Since  joining  the  Corporation  in  2012,  Mr.  Teskey  has  held  a 
number of senior positions across the organization, including serving as Chief Investment Officer of the Corporation’s 
Renewable Power and Transition business. Mr. Teskey holds a Bachelor of Business Administration (Honours) degree 
from the University of Western Ontario.

Indebtedness of Directors and Executive Officers 

To the knowledge of the Manager, no current or former director, officer or employee of the Manager, nor any associate 
or affiliate of any of them, is or was indebted to the Manager at any time since its formation.

Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance

The directors and officers of the Manager are covered by D&O insurance. Under this insurance coverage, the Manager is 
reimbursed  for  insured  claims  where  payments  have  been  made  under  indemnity  provisions  on  behalf  of  the  directors 
and officers of the Manager, subject to a deductible for each loss, which are paid by us. Individual directors and officers 
of the Manager are also reimbursed for insured claims arising during the performance of their duties for which they are 
not indemnified by us. Excluded from insurance coverage are illegal acts, acts which result in personal profit and certain 
other acts.

120 

 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Our  NEOs  received  approximately  $5,771,2403  in  the  aggregate  in  cash  compensation,  including  cash  incentive 
compensation, paid by Brookfield for all services in fiscal year 2022. In addition, our NEOs received in the aggregate 
options to acquire 113,375 Class A Shares and received 3,450,000  non-voting common shares ("Escrowed Shares"), 
granted  in  February  2023  in  respect  of  performance  in  2022.  We  did  not  set  aside  or  accrue  any  amounts  in  the  year 
ended December 31, 2022 to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits to our directors or executive officers.

The  Manager’s  long-term  incentive  plans  are  intended  to  enable  participants  to  create  wealth  through  increases  in  the 
value of the Class A Shares. The purpose of these arrangements is to align the interests of the Manager’s shareholders 
and management and to motivate executives to improve our long-term financial success, measured in terms of enhanced 
shareholder  value  over  the  long-term.  This  opportunity  for  wealth  creation  enables  the  Manager  to  attract  and  retain 
talented executives.

Management Share Option Plan

The Manager's management share option plan  governs the granting to executives of options. The options typically vest 
as to 20% per year commencing on the first anniversary of the date of the award, are exercisable over a ten-year period 
and is administered by the Board. Options are typically granted in late February or early March of each year as part of 
the annual compensation review. The Manager’s Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee has a specific 
written  mandate  which  includes  reviewing  and  approving  executive  compensation.  The  Governance,  Nominating  and 
Compensation Committee makes recommendations to the Board with respect to the proposed allocation of options based, 
in  part,  upon  the  recommendations  of  the  Manager’s  Chief  Executive  Officer.  The  Board  must  then  give  its  final 
approval.  The  number  of  options  granted  to  the  Manager’s  NEOs  is  determined  based  on  the  scope  of  their  roles  and 
responsibilities and their success in achieving the Manager’s objectives. Consideration is also given to the number and 
value  of  previous  grants  of  options.  Since  the  annual  option  awards  are  generally  made  during  a  blackout  period,  the 
effective grant date for such options is set six business days after the end of the blackout period. The exercise price for 
such options is the volume-weighted average trading price for the Class A Shares on the NYSE for the five business days 
preceding the effective grant date.

Restricted Stock and Escrowed Stock Plans

The Manager has an escrowed stock plan (the “Manager Escrowed Stock Plan”). The Manager Escrowed Stock Plan 
was established to provide the Manager and its executives with alternatives to the Manager’s other long-term incentive 
plans which would allow executives to increase their share ownership. The plan governs the award of Escrowed Shares 
of one or more private companies (each an “Escrow Company”) to executives or other individuals designated by the 
Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee. Each Escrow Company is capitalized with common shares and 
preferred shares issued to the Manager for cash proceeds. Each Escrow Company uses its cash resources to directly and 
indirectly purchase the Class A Shares. Dividends paid to each Escrow Company on the Class A Shares acquired by the 
Escrow  Company  will  be  used  to  pay  dividends  on  the  preferred  shares  which  are  held  by  the  Manager.  The  Class  A 
Shares acquired by an Escrow Company will not be voted. Escrowed Shares typically vest 20% each year commencing 
on the date of the first anniversary of the award date and must generally be held until the fifth anniversary of the award 
date. Each holder may exchange Escrowed Shares for Class A Shares issued from treasury no more than 10 years from 
the award date. The value of Class A Shares issued to a holder on an exchange is equal to the increase in value of the 
Class A Shares held by the applicable Escrow Company.

6.C 

BOARD PRACTICES

Board Structure, Practices and Committees

The  structure,  practices  and  committees  of  the  Board,  including  matters  relating  to  the  size,  independence  and 
composition of the Board, the election and removal of directors, requirements relating to board action and the powers 
delegated to board committees are governed by the Articles and policies adopted by the Board. The Board is responsible 
for exercising the management, control, power and authority of the Manager except as required by applicable law or the 

3 The Manager’s cost for fiscal 2022 for cash compensation, including cash incentive compensation is equal to its proportionate share 
for services received from December 9 to December 31, 2022, which totaled $363,667.

FORM 20-F                 121

Articles.  The  following  is  a  summary  of  certain  provisions  of  the  Articles  and  policies  that  affect  the  Manager’s 
governance.

Meetings of the Board

The Board meets at least once each quarter and holds additional meetings as necessary to consider special businesses. 
Private sessions of the independent directors without management present are held at the end of each regularly scheduled 
and  special  board  meeting.  Private  sessions  of  the  committees  without  management  present  are  also  held  after  each 
committee meeting.

Size, Independence and Composition of Our Board

The Manager has a policy in relation to the number of independent members on the Board in order to ensure that the 
Board operates independent of management and effectively oversees the conduct of management. The Manager obtains 
information  from  its  directors  annually  to  determine  their  independence.  The  Board  decides  which  directors  are 
considered  to  be  independent  based  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation 
Committee, which evaluates director independence based on the guidelines set forth under applicable securities laws. 

The Board is comprised of twelve (12) directors, six (6) of whom are independent. We expect to appoint one additional 
independent directors by the annual general meeting. We expect that the Board will be majority independent no later than 
the annual meeting that follows the completion of the Manager’s first full fiscal year after the Arrangement.

Election and Removal of Directors

In  the  election  of  directors,  holders  of  the  Class  A  Shares  are  entitled  to  elect  one-half  of  the  Board.  The  BAM 
Partnership,  which  holds  the  Class  B  Shares,  is  entitled  to  elect  the  other  one-half  of  the  Board.  Consistent  with  the 
Corporation’s articles, the Manager’s Articles provide for cumulative voting for the election of directors. Each holder of 
shares  of  a  class  or  series  of  shares  of  the  Manager  entitled  to  vote  in  an  election  of  directors  has  the  right  to  cast  a 
number  of  votes  equal  to  the  number  of  votes  attached  to  the  shares  held  by  the  holder  multiplied  by  the  number  of 
directors to be elected by the holder and the holders of shares of the classes or series of shares entitled to vote with the 
holder in the election of directors. A holder may cast all such votes in favour of one candidate or distribute such votes 
among the candidates in any manner the holder sees fit. Where a holder has voted for more than one candidate without 
specifying the distribution of votes among such candidates, the holder shall be deemed to have distributed the holder’s 
votes equally among the candidates for whom the holder voted. 

Each  of  our  directors  will  serve  until  the  next  annual  meeting  of  shareholders  of  the  Manager  or  his  or  her  death, 
resignation or removal from office, whichever occurs first. Vacancies on the Board may be filled by the directors and 
additional  directors  may  be  added  by  a  resolution  of  our  shareholders.  A  director  may  be  removed  from  office  by  a 
resolution  of  our  shareholders.  A  director  will  be  removed  from  the  Board  if  he  or  she  is  convicted  of  an  indictable 
offence or ceases to be qualified to act as a director of a company and does not promptly resign.

Majority Voting Policy

The  Board  has  adopted  a  Majority  Voting  Policy  stipulating  that,  if  the  total  number  of  shares  voted  in  favour  of  the 
election of a director nominee represents less than a majority of the total shares voted and withheld for that director, the 
nominee will tender his or her resignation immediately after the meeting. Within 90 days of the meeting, the Board will 
determine  whether  or  not  to  accept  a  director’s  resignation  and  will  issue  a  press  release  announcing  the  Board’s 
decision,  a  copy  of  which  will  be  provided  to  the  TSX.  Absent  exceptional  circumstances,  the  Board  will  accept  the 
resignation.  The  resignation  will  be  effective  when  accepted  by  the  Board.  If  the  Board  determines  not  to  accept  a 
resignation, the press release will fully state the reasons for that decision. A director who tenders his or her resignation 
will not participate in a meeting of the Board at which the resignation is considered. The Majority Voting Policy does not 
apply in circumstances involving contested director elections.

122                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Mandate of the Board

The  Board  oversees  the  management  of  the  Manager’s  business  and  affairs  directly  and  through  two  standing 
committees: Audit and Governance Committees. The responsibilities of the Board and each committee, respectively, are 
set out in written charters, which are reviewed and approved annually by the Board. 

The Board is responsible for: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

overseeing the Manager’s long-term strategic planning process and reviewing and approving its annual business 
plan;  

overseeing management’s approach to managing the impact of key risks facing the Manager; 

safeguarding shareholders’ equity interests through the optimum utilization of the Manager’s capital resources; 

promoting effective corporate governance; 

overseeing the Manager’s ESG program and related practices; 

reviewing  major  strategic  initiatives  to  determine  whether  management’s  proposed  actions  accord  with  long-
term corporate goals and shareholder objectives; 

assessing management’s performance against approved business plans; 

appointing the Chief Executive Officer, overseeing the Chief Executive Officer’s selection of other members of 
the Manager’s senior management and reviewing succession planning; and 

reviewing and approving the reports issued to shareholders, including annual and interim financial statements.

Term Limits and Board Renewal

The Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee leads the effort to identify and recruit candidates to join the 
Board. In this context, the Manager’s view is that the Board should reflect a balance between the experience that comes 
with longevity of service on the Board and the need for renewal and fresh perspectives. 

The Manager does not support a mandatory retirement age, director term limits or other mandatory board of directors 
turnover mechanisms because its view is that such policies are overly prescriptive; therefore, the Manager does not have 
term limits or other mechanisms that compel board of directors turnover. 

The Manager does believe that periodically adding new voices to the Board can help the Manager adapt to a changing 
business  environment  and  board  of  directors  renewal  is  a  priority.  The  Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation 
Committee  reviews  the  composition  of  the  Board  on  a  regular  basis  in  relation  to  approved  director  criteria  and  skill 
requirements and recommends changes as appropriate to renew the Board. 

Transactions in which a Director has an Interest

A director who directly or indirectly has an interest in a contract, transaction or arrangement with the Manager, our asset 
management business or certain of our affiliates is required to disclose the nature of his or her interest to the full Board. 
Such disclosure may take the form of a general notice given to the Board to the effect that the director has an interest in a 
specified company or firm and is to be regarded as interested in any contract, transaction or arrangement which may after 
the date of the notice be made with that company or firm or its affiliates. A director may participate in any meeting called 
to discuss the transaction in which the director has a disclosable interest, but must abstain from voting on any vote called 
to approve any such transaction, and any transaction approved by the Board will not be void or voidable solely because a 
director failed to disclose an interest he or she had in such transaction or the director was present at or participated in the 
meeting in which the approval was given.

FORM 20-F                 123

Director Share Ownership Requirements

We believe that directors can better represent shareholders if they have economic exposure to the Manager themselves. 
We  expect  that  directors  of  the  Manager  hold  sufficient  number  of  the  Class  A  Shares,  restricted  shares  and/or  DSUs 
having, in the aggregate, a value equal to at least two times their aggregate annual retainer fee for serving as a director of 
the  Manager,  as  determined  by  the  Board  from  time  to  time.  Directors  of  the  Manager  are  required  to  meet  this 
requirement within six years of their date of appointment. 

Committees of the Board

The two standing Audit and Governance Committees of the Board assist in the effective functioning of the Board and 
help ensure that the views of independent directors are effectively represented.

The  responsibilities  of  the  Audit  and  Governance  Committees  are  set  out  in  written  charters,  which  are  reviewed  and 
approved  annually  by  the  Board.  It  is  the  Board’s  policy  that  all  committees  must  consist  entirely  of  independent 
directors. Special committees may be formed from time to time to review particular matters or transactions. While the 
Board  retains  overall  responsibility  for  corporate  governance  matters,  each  standing  committee  has  specific 
responsibilities for certain aspects of corporate governance in addition to its other responsibilities, as described below.

Audit Committee 

The Audit Committee is responsible for monitoring the Manager’s systems and procedures for financial reporting and 
associated  internal  controls  and  the  performance  of  the  Manager’s  external  and  internal  auditors.  It  is  responsible  for 
reviewing certain public disclosure documents before their approval by the full Board and release to the public, such as 
the  Manager’s  quarterly  and  annual  financial  statements  and  management’s  discussion  and  analysis.  The  Audit 
Committee is also responsible for recommending the independent registered public accounting firm to be nominated for 
appointment  as  the  external  auditor,  and  for  approving  the  assignment  of  any  non-audit  work  to  be  performed  by  the 
external auditor, subject to the Audit Committee’s Audit Policy. The Audit Committee meets regularly in private session 
with the Manager’s external auditor and internal auditors, without management present, to discuss and review specific 
issues as appropriate. In addition to being independent directors as described above, all members of the Audit Committee 
must meet an additional “independence” test under Canadian and U.S. securities laws, in that their directors’ fees must 
be and are the only compensation they receive, directly or indirectly, from the Manager. Further, the Audit Committee 
requires that all its members disclose any form of association with a present or former internal or external auditor of the 
Manager to the Board for a determination as to whether this association affects the independent status of the director. 

For  so  long  as  the  Manager  is  required  to  provide  our  asset  management  business  financial  information  to  its 
shareholders, the Manager’s Audit Committee will have the right to engage directly with our asset management business’ 
external  and  internal  auditors  and  to  be  involved  in  the  preparation  of  quarterly  and  annual  financial  statements  and 
management’s discussion and analysis for our asset management business. See Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions — 
Relationship Agreement”, Item 10.C “Material Contracts” and “Appendix A — Audit Committee Charter”. 

Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee

It is the responsibility of the Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee, in consultation with the Chair, to 
assess  from  time  to  time  the  size  and  composition  of  the  Board  and  its  committees,  to  review  the  effectiveness  of  the 
Board  operations  and  its  relations  with  management,  to  assess  the  performance  of  the  Board,  its  committees  and 
individual directors, to review the Manager’s statement of corporate governance practices and to review and recommend 
the directors’ compensation. The Board implements a formal procedure for evaluating the performance of the Board, its 
committees  and  individual  directors  –  the  Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation  Committee  reviews  the 
performance of the Board, its committees and the contribution of individual directors on an annual basis. 

The  Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation  Committee  is  responsible  for  reviewing  the  credentials  of  proposed 
nominees  for  election  or  appointment  to  the  Board  and  for  recommending  candidates  for  membership  on  the  Board, 
including the candidates proposed to be nominated for election to the Board at the annual meeting of shareholders. To do 
this, the Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee maintains an “evergreen” list of candidates to ensure 

124                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

outstanding candidates with needed skills can be quickly identified to fill planned or unplanned vacancies. Candidates 
are assessed in relation to the criteria established by the Board to ensure that the Board has the appropriate mix of talent, 
quality,  skills,  diversity,  perspectives  and  other  requirements  necessary  to  promote  sound  governance  and  the 
effectiveness  of  the  Board.  The  Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation  Committee  is  also  responsible  for 
overseeing  the  Manager’s  and  our  asset  management  business’  approach  to  ESG  matters,  which  includes  a  review  of 
their ESG initiatives and any material disclosures regarding ESG matters. 

The Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee is also responsible for reviewing and reporting to the Board 
on management resource matters for the Manager and our asset management business, including ensuring a diverse pool 
for  succession  planning,  the  job  descriptions  and  annual  objectives  of  senior  executives,  the  form  of  executive 
compensation in general including an assessment of the risks associated with the compensation plans and the levels of 
compensation of the senior executives, including Mr. Flatt in his capacity as the Manager’s Chief Executive Officer. Mr. 
Flatt’s  compensation  in  his  capacity  as  the  Corporation’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  is  set  by  the  Corporation’s 
compensation committee. The Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee also reviews the performance of 
senior  management  against  written  objectives  and  reports  thereon.  In  addition,  the  Governance,  Nominating  and 
Compensation Committee is responsible for reviewing any allegations of workplace misconduct claims that are brought 
to  the  Committee’s  attention  through  the  Manager’s  ethics  hotline,  a  referral  from  the  Manager’s  human  resources 
department, or otherwise. 

In  reviewing  the  Manager’s  and  our  asset  management  business’  compensation  policies  and  practices  each  year,  the 
Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee seeks to ensure the executive compensation program provides 
an appropriate balance of risk and reward consistent with the risk profile of the Manager. The Governance, Nominating 
and  Compensation  Committee  also  seeks  to  ensure  the  Manager’s  and  our  asset  management  business’  compensation 
practices  do  not  encourage  excessive  risk-taking  behavior  by  the  senior  management  team.  The  participation  in  long-
term  incentive  plans  is  intended  to  discourage  executives  from  taking  excessive  risks  in  order  to  achieve  short-term 
unsustainable performance.

All members of the Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee meet the standard director independence test 
in  that  they  have  no  relationship  which  could,  in  the  view  of  the  Board,  be  reasonably  expected  to  interfere  with  the 
exercise of their independent judgment. The Board has also adopted a heightened test of independence for all members 
of  the  Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation  Committee,  which  entails  that  the  Board  has  determined  that  no 
Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee member has a relationship with senior management that would 
impair  the  member’s  ability  to  make  independent  judgments  about  the  Manager’s  or  our  asset  management  business’ 
executive compensation. We believe this additional independence test complies with the test in the listing standards of 
the NYSE. Additionally, the Governance, Nominating and Compensation committee evaluates the independence of any 
advisor it retains in order to comply with the aforementioned NYSE listing standards.

Board, Committee and Director Evaluation

The Board believes that a regular and formal process of evaluation improves the performance of the Board as a whole, 
the  committees  and  individual  directors.  A  survey  is  sent  annually  to  independent  directors  inviting  comments  and 
suggestions  on  areas  for  improving  the  effectiveness  of  the  Board  and  its  committees.  The  results  of  this  survey  are 
reviewed by the Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee, which makes recommendations to the Board as 
required.  Each  independent  director  also  receives  a  self-assessment  questionnaire  and  all  directors  are  required  to 
complete  a  skill-set  evaluation  which  are  used  by  the  Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation  Committee  for 
planning purposes. The Chair also holds private interviews with each non-management director annually to discuss the 
operations of the Board and its committees, and to provide any feedback on the individual director’s contributions.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

The Manager’s policy is that all its activities be conducted with the utmost honesty, integrity, fairness and respect and in 
compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements. To that end, the Manager maintains a Code of Conduct, a copy of 
which  is  available  on  our  website  at  https://bam.brookfield.com  and  has  been  filed  on  our  SEDAR  profile  at 
www.sedar.com and EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov, and has been filed as an exhibit to this Form 20-F. The Code of 
Conduct sets out the guidelines and principles for how directors and employees should conduct themselves as members 

FORM 20-F                 125

of our team. Preserving our corporate culture is vital to the organization and following the Code of Conduct helps us do 
that. 

All directors, officers and employees of the Manager are required to provide a written acknowledgment upon joining the 
Manager that they are familiar with and will comply with the Code of Conduct. All directors, officers and employees of 
the  Manager  are  required  to  provide  this  same  acknowledgment  annually.  The  Board  reviews  the  Code  of  Conduct 
annually to consider whether to approve changes in the Manager’s standards and practices.

6.D 

EMPLOYEES

We have a team of over 2,500 investment and asset management professionals that are integral to the business, including 
individuals focused on our core investment strategies and those undertaking various corporate activities. Approximately 
100 of these are employed by the Manager and the remainder are employed by the Asset Management Company and its 
subsidiaries. The Manager provides the services of our employees to the Asset Management Company on a cost recovery 
basis under the Asset Management Services Agreement, which is described in Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions — 
Asset Management Services”. Our long-term approach to our business influences everything we do, including how we 
make investment decisions, how we support and oversee our businesses, and how we develop our people and compensate 
them.  Our  employee  compensation  programs  link  a  significant  portion  of  employee  rewards  to  successful  investment 
outcomes. Our emphasis on fostering collaboration enables us to benefit from a diverse set of skills and experiences. Our 
talent management processes and our approach to long-term compensation encourage collaboration. This shows itself in 
a number of ways, including in the sharing of expertise and best practices through both formal and informal channels and 
building relationships and capabilities through employee secondments and transfers.

We  have  a  group  of  dedicated  operations  professionals  in  all  our  key  regions  that  have  extensive  experience  leading 
businesses. We take an active role in enhancing the performance of the assets and businesses we acquire. As a result, our 
operations team is fully integrated – meaning our operations professionals sit alongside our experienced investment team 
working  hand  in  hand  from  diligence  to  the  execution  of  our  business  plan  and  through  the  monetization  phase  of  an 
investment. The team works closely with the senior management teams of the companies in which we invest to develop 
and implement business improvements that enable us to increase cash flow and our return on capital. While enhancement 
opportunities  may  differ  across  assets  and  businesses,  they  generally  involve  a  combination  of  strategic  repositioning, 
focus on operational excellence and enhanced commercial execution.

We recognize that people drive our success, and therefore hiring, developing and retaining our people is one of our top 
priorities.  We  do  this  by  ensuring  our  people  are  constantly  engaged  and  provide  a  wide  range  of  development 
opportunities across all levels. We aim to create an environment that is built on strong relationships and conducive to 
developing our workforce, and where individuals from diverse backgrounds can thrive.

6.E 

SHARE OWNERSHIP

As of March 31, 2023, the directors and officers of the Manager, and their respective associates, as a group, beneficially 
hold direct, indirect and economic interest in approximately 7.7% of the outstanding Class A Shares. 

2022 Management Share Option Plan 

The  2022  MSOP  is  established  to  advance  the  interests  of  the  Manager  by  (i)  providing  officers,  employees  or 
consultants  of  the  Manager  and  the  Asset  Management  Company  with  additional  incentive;  (ii)  encouraging  stock 
ownership by such persons; (iii) increasing the proprietary interest of such persons in the success of the Manager; (iv) 
encouraging such persons to remain with Brookfield; and (v) attracting new employees and officers. The 2022 MSOP 
also includes provisions that apply to options held by participants who are subject to taxation in Brazil in respect of the 
options. The 2022 MSOP is administered by the Board. 

The maximum number of Class A Shares that may be reserved for issuance for all purposes under the 2022 MSOP is 
17,500,000 Class A Shares, subject to adjustment in accordance with the provisions of the 2022 MSOP. The maximum 
number of Class A Shares that may be reserved for issuance to any one person under the 2022 MSOP shall not exceed 
5% of the outstanding Class A Shares (on a non-diluted basis), less the aggregate number of Class A Shares reserved for 

126                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

issuance  to  such  person  under  any  other  security-based  compensation  arrangement  of  the  Manager.  The  maximum 
number of Class A Shares that are issuable to insiders of the Manager at any time pursuant to the exercise of options 
granted under the 2022 MSOP and issuable under all other security-based compensation arrangements of the Manager 
shall not exceed 10% of the Manager’s issued and outstanding Class A Shares. The maximum number of Class A Shares 
that are issued to insiders of the Manager within a one-year period pursuant to the exercise of Options granted under the 
2022 MSOP and issued under all other security-based compensation arrangements of the Manager shall not exceed 10% 
of  the  Manager’s  issued  and  outstanding  Class  A  Shares.  The  Board  may  determine  when  any  option  shall  become 
vested and exercisable under the 2022 MSOP and may determine that the option shall be vested in installments. Under 
the 2022 MSOP, options typically become vested as to 20% at the first anniversary date after the grant and as to 20% at 
the end of each subsequent anniversary date up to and including the fifth anniversary date of the grant.

The 2022 MSOP is effective as of December 9, 2022 and is governed by the laws of the Province of Ontario and the laws 
of Canada applicable therein.

2022 Non-Qualified Management Share Option Plan 

The  2022  Non-Qualified  MSOP  is  established  to  advance  the  interests  of  the  Manager  by  (i)  providing  officers, 
employees  or  consultants  of  the  Manager  and  the  Asset  Management  Company  with  additional  incentive;  (ii) 
encouraging stock ownership by such persons; (iii) increasing the proprietary interest of such persons in the success of 
the Manager; (iv) encouraging such persons to remain with Brookfield; and (v) attracting new employees and officers. 
The  2022  Non-Qualified  MSOP  also  includes  provisions  that  apply  to  options  held  by  participants  who  are  subject  to 
taxation in Brazil in respect of the options. The 2022 Non-Qualified MSOP is administered by the Board. 

The  maximum  number  of  Class  A  Shares  that  may  be  reserved  for  issuance  for  all  purposes  under  the  2022  Non-
Qualified MSOP is 12,500,000 Class A Shares, subject to adjustment in accordance with the provisions of the 2022 Non-
Qualified MSOP. The maximum number of Class A Shares that may be reserved for issuance to any one person under 
the 2022 Non-Qualified MSOP shall not exceed 5% of the outstanding Class A Shares (on a non-diluted basis), less the 
aggregate number of Class A Shares reserved for issuance to such person under any other security-based compensation 
arrangement of the Manager. The maximum number of Class A Shares that are issuable to insiders of the Manager at any 
time  pursuant  to  the  exercise  of  options  granted  under  the  2022  Non-Qualified  MSOP  and  issuable  under  all  other 
security-based  compensation  arrangements  of  the  Manager  shall  not  exceed  10%  of  the  Manager’s  issued  and 
outstanding Class A Shares. The maximum number of Class A Shares that are issued to insiders of the Manager within a 
one-year period pursuant to the exercise of options granted under the 2022 Non-Qualified MSOP and issued under all 
other  security-based  compensation  arrangements  of  the  Manager  shall  not  exceed  10%  of  the  Manager’s  issued  and 
outstanding Class A Shares.

The  2022  Non-Qualified  MSOP  is  effective  as  of  December  9,  2022  and  is  governed  by  the  laws  of  the  Province  of 
Ontario and the laws of Canada applicable therein.

Escrowed Stock Plan

The Escrowed Stock Plan is established to award designated executives with compensation that provides the opportunity 
to earn investment returns tied to the performance of Class A Shares and aligns their long-term interests with those of the 
Manager’s shareholders. The Escrowed Stock Plan also includes a sub-plan (the “Brazil Sub-Plan”), the terms of which 
apply to escrowed shares offered to participants of the Escrowed Stock Plan in Brazil.

The maximum number of shares that may be issued in aggregate under the Escrowed Stock Plan and the Brazil Sub-Plan 
is 11,000,000 Class A Shares, subject to adjustment in accordance with the provisions of the Escrowed Stock Plan and 
the Brazil Sub-Plan. The maximum number of Class A Shares that are issuable to any one person at any time pursuant to 
the Escrowed Stock Plan and all other security-based compensation arrangements of the Manager shall not exceed 5% of 
the issued and outstanding Class A Shares. The maximum number of Class A Shares that are issuable to insiders of the 
Manager at any time pursuant to the Escrowed Stock Plan and all other security-based compensation arrangements of the 
Manager shall not exceed 10% of the issued and outstanding Class A Shares. The maximum number of Class A Shares 
that are issued to insiders of the Manager within a one-year period pursuant to the Escrowed Stock Plan and all other 

FORM 20-F                 127

security-based compensation arrangements of the Manager shall not exceed 10% of the issued and outstanding Class A 
Shares.

The  Escrowed  Stock  Plan  is  administered  by  the  Board.  The  Board  is  authorized,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the 
Escrowed Stock Plan, to establish such rules and regulations as it deems necessary for the proper administration of the 
Escrowed  Stock  Plan  and  to  make  determinations  and  take  such  other  action  in  connection  with  or  in  relation  to  the 
Escrowed  Stock  Plan  as  it  deems  necessary  or  advisable.  Any  executive  of  the  Manager  and  the  Asset  Management 
Company designated by the Board, or any other person designated by the Board, is eligible to participate in the Escrowed 
Stock  Plan.  The  number  of  Escrowed  Shares  to  be  granted  to  each  participant  of  the  Escrowed  Stock  Plan  will  be 
determined  at  the  discretion  of  the  Board.  Unless  otherwise  determined  by  the  Board,  the  escrowed  shares  under  the 
Escrowed Stock Plan will become vested as to 20% at the first anniversary of the applicable grant date and as to 20% on 
each subsequent anniversary of the applicable grant date up to and including the fifth anniversary of the applicable grant 
date. The participants of the Escrowed Stock Plan are entitled to exercise any voting rights associated with the escrowed 
shares, including the unvested shares. 

The Escrowed Stock Plan is effective as of December 9, 2022 and is governed by the laws of the Province of Ontario and 
the laws of Canada applicable therein.

Restricted Stock Plan 

The  Restricted  Stock  Plan  is  established  to  provide  designated  executives  of  the  Manager  and  the  Asset  Management 
Company  with  compensation  that  will  align  their  long-term  interests  with  those  of  the  Manager’s  shareholders.  The 
Restricted Stock Plan is administered by the Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee.

Non-resident executives and key employees of the Manager and the Asset Management Company, who are not resident 
of Canada, designated by the Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee, are eligible to participate in the 
Restricted Stock Plan. Participants of the Restricted Stock Plan will have the opportunity each year to elect to receive all 
or a portion of the bonus to which they may be entitled, in the form of restricted shares. Such election shall be made in 
accordance  with  the  Manager’s  policies  from  time  to  time.  Except  as  otherwise  determined  by  the  Governance, 
Nominating  and  Compensation  Committee,  restricted  shares  received  in  lieu  of  a  participant’s  cash  bonus  under  the 
Restricted Stock Plan will vest immediately and all other restricted shares will vest in equal installments of 20% on each 
of the first through fifth anniversaries of the date of grant unless otherwise specifically outlined at the time of the award. 

The Restricted Stock Plan is effective as of December 9, 2022 and is governed by the laws of the State of New York. 

ITEM  6.F      DISCLOSURE  OF  A  REGISTRANT’S  ACTION  TO  RECOVER  ERRONEOUSLY  AWARDED 

COMPENSATION

Not applicable. 

128                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

ITEM 7. 

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

7.A  MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS

Section  7.A  presents  information  regarding  beneficial  ownership  of  the  Class  A  Shares4  by  each  person  or  entity  that 
beneficially own 5% or more of the Class A Shares and the beneficial ownership by such persons of the Class B Shares, 
based  on  reports  filed  under  Section  13(d)  or  Section  13(g)  of  the  Exchange  Act.  The  Class  A  Shares  held  by  the 
principal shareholders listed below do not entitle such shareholder to different voting rights than those of other holders of 
the Class A Shares. The Class A Shares and Class B Shares have different voting rights. See Item 10.B “Memorandum 
and Articles of Association”.

For close to 50 years, executives of the Corporation have held a substantial portion of their investment in Corporation 
Class  A  Shares,  as  well  as  stewardship  of  the  Corporation  Class  B  Shares,  in  partnership  with  one  another,  which  we 
refer  to  as  the  “Partnership”.  This  Partnership,  whose  members  include  both  current  and  former  senior  executives  of 
Brookfield, each a Partner and collectively the Partners, has been and continues to be instrumental in ensuring orderly 
management succession while fostering a culture of strong governance and mutual respect, a commitment to collective 
excellence and achievement and a focus on long-term value creation for all stakeholders of Brookfield.

We believe that the Partnership promotes decision-making that is entrepreneurial, aligned with the long-term interests of 
Brookfield, and collaborative. The financial strength and sustainability of the Partnership is underpinned by a consistent 
focus  on  renewal  –  longstanding  members  mentoring  new  generations  of  leaders  and  financially  supporting  their 
admission as partners. We believe this is a critical component to preserving Brookfield’s culture and vision.

Over  several  decades,  and  through  economic  downturns  and  financial  disruptions,  the  Partnership  has  proven  itself 
resolutely focused on the long-term success of the Corporation for the benefit of all stakeholders. This long-term focus is 
considered critical to the sustainability of the asset management business.

In  order  to  foster  within  the  Manager  the  same  benefits  of  long-term  stability  and  continuity  as  the  Corporation  has 
benefited from, the share capital of the Manager has been structured to mirror that of the Corporation, providing holders 
of the Class A Shares with governance rights that are intended to be the same as the rights of holders of the Corporation 
Class A Shares. Similarly, the Class B Shares are held in the BAM Partnership, the trust that also owns the Corporation 
Class B Shares. The BAM Partnership owns 21,280 Class B Shares, representing 100% of the Class B Shares.

The beneficial interests in the BAM Partnership, and the voting interests in its trustee, are held as follows: one-third by 
Jack L. Cockwell, one-third by Bruce Flatt, and one-third jointly by Brian W. Kingston, Brian D. Lawson, Cyrus Madon, 
Samuel  J.B.  Pollock  and  Sachin  Shah  in  equal  parts.  These  individuals,  the  majority  of  whom  also  are  directors  and 
officers of the Manager, also beneficially own, in the aggregate (but not as a group) approximately 10.8% of the Class A 
Shares. The trustee votes the Class B Shares with no single individual or entity controlling the BAM Partnership.

In  the  event  of  a  fundamental  disagreement  among  the  shareholders  of  the  trustee  (and  until  the  disagreement  is 
resolved),  three  individuals  have  been  granted  the  authority  to  govern  and  direct  the  actions  of  the  BAM  Partnership. 
These individuals are, and their successors are required to be, longstanding and respected business colleagues associated 
with  Brookfield.  The  individuals,  at  the  current  time,  none  of  whom  are  Partners,  are  Marcel  R.  Coutu,  Frank  J. 
McKenna and Lord O’Donnell. On an aggregate basis, Messrs. Coutu, McKenna and O’Donnell currently own less than 
0.01% of the Class A Shares.

The Partners collectively hold direct, indirect and economic interests in approximately 75 million Class A Shares, (on a 
fully diluted basis) representing approximately 18% of the Manager’s issued and outstanding shares of this class. These 
economic interests consist primarily of (i) the direct ownership of Class A Shares, as well as indirect ownership (such as 
Class A Shares that are held through holding companies and by foundations), by the Partners on an individual basis; and 

4  Beneficial  ownership  includes  voting  or  investing  power  with  respect  to  the  securities.  Class  A  Shares  issuable  in  respect  of 
securities currently exercisable or exercisable within sixty (60) days of the date of this section are deemed outstanding for computing 
the  percentage  of  the  person  holding  such  securities  but  are  not  deemed  outstanding  for  computing  the  percentage  of  any  other 
person. 

FORM 20-F                 129

(ii) the Partners’ proportionate beneficial interests in Class A Shares held by investment entities named Partners Limited 
and Partners Value Investments LP (“PVI”).

PVI is a limited partnership under the laws of the province of Ontario and Partners Value Split Corp. is a corporation 
organized under the laws of the province of Ontario. Based on the Schedule 13D filed jointly by PVI and Partners Value 
Split Corp. on February 13, 2023, PVI is the beneficial owner of 32,583,973 Class A Shares acquired upon completion of 
the  Arrangement  representing  7.9%  of  the  Class  A  Shares,  over  which  PVI  has  shared  voting  and  dispositive  power 
through its subsidiary Partners Value Split Corp., which is holder of record of 29,902,862 Class A Shares, and its other 
subsidiaries, PVII BAM Holdings LP, Partners Value Investments Inc. and PVII Subco Inc.

As at March 31, 2023, directors and executive officers of the Manager collectively hold direct, indirect and economic 
interests in approximately 31.6 million Class A Shares, representing approximately 7.7% of the Manager’s issued and 
outstanding shares of this class. This includes shares held by directors and executive officers of the Manager pursuant to 
their  pro  rata  interests  beneficially  through  Partners  Limited  and  PVI  and  the  Manager’s  escrowed  share  program.  In 
particular, the Manager's executive officers hold direct, indirect and economic interests in Class A Shares as follows: 

Executive Officers
Bruce Flatt
Chief Executive Officer
Justin B. Beber
Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel
Bahir Manios
Chief Financial Officer 
Craig W.A. Noble
Chief Executive Officer of Alternative Investments
Connor Teskey
President of the Manager and Chief Executive Officer of Renewable Power & Transition
Brian W. Kingston
Chief Executive Officer of Real Estate
Cyrus Madon
Chief Executive Officer of Private Equity
Samuel J. B. Pollock
Chief Executive Officer of Infrastructure

Holdings
17,039,014 

616,237 

83,002 

591,887 

1,233,626 

1,706,425 

3,810,792 

6,261,427 

As  of  March  3,  2023,  357,760  of  our  outstanding  Class  A  Shares  were  held  by  2,843  holders  of  record  in  the  United 
States, not including the Class A Shares held of record by DTC. As of March 3, 2023, DTC was the holder of record of 
146,804,361 Class A Shares.

See also the information contained in this Form 20-F under Item 3.D “Risk Factors— Risks Relating to the Manager”, 
Item 6.A “Directors and Senior Management”, Item 6.C “Board Practices” and Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions”.

7.B 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

The Arrangement involved the division of Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (now known as Brookfield Corporation) 
into  two  publicly  traded  companies  –  the  Corporation,  which  continues  to  own  the  capital  it  held  prior  to  the 
Arrangement  plus  75%  of  the  Asset  Management  Company  and  the  Manager,  which  owns  25%  of  the  Asset 
Management Company. Our asset management business is a leading global alternative asset management business. The 
Arrangement  was  designed  to  enhance  long-term  value  for  shareholders  by  creating  separate  identities  for  these  two 
distinct businesses, while preserving the mutual benefit and competitive advantages derived from the combination of the 
Corporation’s significant resources and the Manager’s asset management business. We believe this benefits the Manager 
and the Corporation and thus their respective shareholders. We believe the Corporation continues to be aligned with the 
Manager as a 75% owner of the Asset Management Company and given its entitlement to receive 33% of the carried 
interest  on  new  sponsored  funds  of  the  Asset  Management  Company,  will  invest  capital  in  the  Asset  Management 
Company’s sponsored funds, while also investing capital in and pursuing its own business initiatives. We expect this will 
preserve  the  synergies  and  alignment  that  have  long  existed  between  our  asset  management  business  and  proprietary 
capital,  including  the  sharing  of  industry  expertise  and  accessing  the  operating  expertise  across  the  Corporation’s 

130                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
platforms.  Due  to  the  Manager’s  and  the  Corporation’s  ownership  interest  in  the  Asset  Management  Company,  if  the 
Corporation  and  the  Manager  do  not  make  pro  rata  investments  in  the  Asset  Management  Company,  whether  in 
connection  with  acquisitions  or  otherwise,  the  relative  percentage  shareholdings  of  the  Corporation  and  the  Manager 
would change.

See also Note 7 to the Manager's consolidated financial statements and Note 14 to the Asset Management Company's 
consolidated and combined financial statements, included in this Form 20-F.

In  connection  with  the  Arrangement,  the  Manager,  the  Corporation  and/or  the  Asset  Management  Company,  as 
applicable, entered into a number of agreements as described below.

Relationship Agreement

The  Corporation,  the  Manager  and  the  Asset  Management  Company  have  entered  into  the  Relationship  Agreement  to 
govern  aspects  of  their  relationship  following  the  Arrangement.  Under  the  Relationship  Agreement,  the  Corporation, 
directly or through its subsidiaries (excluding our asset management business) or Brookfield Reinsurance, has the right 
(but not the obligation) to participate up to 25% in each new sponsored fund or other entity of our asset management 
business.  Any  commitment  of  our  asset  management  business  to  such  sponsored  fund  is  separate  from  the  up  to  25% 
allocation of the Corporation. For the Corporation’s perpetual affiliates, existing fee arrangements continue to apply. For 
any capital committed by the Corporation or a subsidiary (other than a perpetual affiliate) or Brookfield Reinsurance, a 
fee  may  be  paid  as  agreed  between  the  relevant  party  and  our  asset  management  business;  in  other  cases,  particularly 
where such capital is of strategic value to supporting our asset management business’ activities, no fee may apply.

The Corporation has no obligation to provide backstops or other guarantees relating to new investments or acquisitions, 
or  to  commit  capital  on  a  transitional  basis  while  other  investors  are  being  sourced,  but  any  arrangements  or 
understandings existing at the time of completion of the Arrangement have been continued. Moreover, if the Corporation 
(i)  makes  transitory  investments,  it  is  generally  entitled  to  receive  the  same  cost  of  carry  for  such  investment  as  the 
relevant fund of our asset management business is entitled to under its fund documents (typically 8%) or (ii) provides 
backstops  or  guarantees,  it  is  entitled  to  receive  stand-by  /  commitment  fees  at  market  rates,  in  each  case,  unless 
otherwise  agreed  to  by  the  parties.  In  connection  with  other  arrangements,  the  Corporation  is  entitled  to  receive  such 
other compensation as otherwise may be mutually agreed between the parties.

The  Corporation  retains  all  of  the  ownership  interests  in  the  perpetual  affiliates.  The  Asset  Management  Company  is 
entitled to receive the incentive distributions (if any) paid. In addition, the Manager and the Asset Management Company 
agree with the Corporation that they perform (or cause the Service Providers to perform) all obligations that the Service 
Providers have under the Master Services Agreements and Affiliate Relationship Agreements. The base management fee 
is  earned  by  the  Service  Providers  and  the  parties  agree  that  these  agreements  cannot  be  terminated  without  the 
Corporation’s  consent.  See  Item  7.B  “Related  Party  Transactions  —  Governance  and  Management  of  Perpetual 
Affiliates” below.

From  a  management  perspective,  Bruce  Flatt,  the  Corporation’s  Chief  Executive  Officer,  was  appointed  as  the  Chief 
Executive  Officer  of  the  Manager  and  allocates  his  time  between  the  two  companies.  In  addition  to  other  senior 
management personnel of the Manager or the Asset Management Company, the chief executive officer of the Manager 
and the Manager’s business group CEOs, who are currently Messrs. Kingston, Madon, Pollock and Teskey, serve on the 
investment  committees  suitable  to  their  business  group.  Additionally,  the  Corporation’s  chief  executive  officer  and 
another senior management nominee from the Corporation serve on the investment committees for each of our strategies.

The  Corporation  is  entitled  to  receive  33.3%  of  the  carried  interest  on  new  sponsored  funds  of  our  asset  management 
business  (which  includes  more  recently  raised  funds  such  as  BIF  V,  BGTF,  BCP  VI  and  BSREP  IV)  and  similar 
distributions  in  open-end  funds  (such  as  Brookfield  Super-Core  Infrastructure  Partners  and  Brookfield  Premier  Real 
Estate Partners) and retains 100% of the carried interest earned on mature funds (including BSREP I, BSREP II, BSREP 
III and Oaktree Cap II L.P.). For more information on the Corporation’s entitlement to these amounts, see “— Sharing of 
Carried Interest and Other Distributions” below. The Corporation and the Asset Management Company are responsible 
for  clawback  obligations  in  relation  to  carried  interest  or  similar  distributions  in  the  same  proportion  as  their 
entitlements.

FORM 20-F                 131

The  Asset  Management  Company  has  a  pre-emptive  right  over  acquisition  opportunities  presented  to  the  Corporation 
that  relate  to  businesses  whose  revenues  are  predominantly  derived  from  asset  management  activities,  but  the 
Corporation is not otherwise subject to restrictions in its pursuit of any other types of acquisitions or transactions.

Our  asset  management  business  continues  to  be  supported  by  Brookfield’s  operating  capabilities,  including  its 
approximately 200,000 employees, on commercial terms that are in accordance with agreed rates (wherever in place) or 
otherwise on terms consistent with protocols and past practice. In addition, the parties implement secondment and other 
initiatives  among  them,  their  subsidiaries  and  their  portfolio  companies  that  are  designed  to  develop  employees  and 
allocate resources effectively, all on terms consistent with protocols and past practice.

Customary office sharing arrangements have been entered into among the Corporation, the Manager and other affiliates 
with  our  asset  management  business  to  share  physical  office  space,  in  line  with  the  Corporation’s  existing  affiliate 
transaction protocols and subject to agreement on corporate cost allocation.

For so long as the Manager is required to provide financial information related to our asset management business to its 
shareholders, the Manager’s Audit Committee has the right to engage directly with the external and internal auditors of 
our asset management business and to be involved in the preparation of quarterly and annual financial statements and 
management’s  discussion  and  analysis  for  the  Asset  Management  Company.  See  Item  6.C  “Board  Practices  — 
Committees of the Board — Audit Committee”. Each of the Corporation and the Manager also has the right to request 
access to information, in its capacity as a shareholder, including to present to its board of directors or board committees 
or for the preparation of its financial statements. In addition, the Manager’s Governance, Nominating and Compensation 
Committee  is  permitted  to  oversee  the  review  and  setting  of  the  compensation  policies  and  practices  of  our  asset 
management  business.  See  Item  6.C  “Board  Practices  —  Committees  of  the  Board  —  Governance,  Nominating  and 
Compensation Committee”.

The  Corporation  is  indemnified  for  any  claims,  liabilities,  losses,  damages,  costs  or  expenses  (including  legal  fees) 
arising  in  connection  with  the  business  and  activities  in  respect  of  or  arising  from  any  of  the  Affiliate  Relationship 
Agreements  or  the  Master  Services  Agreements,  to  the  extent  that  the  claims,  liabilities,  losses,  damages,  costs  or 
expenses  (including  legal  fees)  are  determined  to  have  resulted  from  the  bad  faith,  fraud,  willful  misconduct  or  gross 
negligence of the Manager or our asset management business, respectively, or in the case of a criminal matter, action that 
the  person  knew  to  have  been  unlawful.  The  maximum  amount  of  the  aggregate  liability  of  the  Manager  /  the  Asset 
Management  Company,  or  any  of  their  affiliates,  or  of  any  director,  officer,  employee,  contractor,  agent,  advisor, 
member,  partner,  shareholder  or  other  representative  of  the  Manager  /  the  Asset  Management  Company,  under  this 
indemnity  is  equal  to  the  amounts  previously  paid  in  the  two  most  recent  calendar  years  by  the  Service  Recipients 
pursuant to the applicable Master Services Agreement.

The Relationship Agreement continues in perpetuity and is only terminable with the mutual consent of the Corporation 
and the Manager. A copy of the Relationship Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to this Form 20-F.

Ownership and Governance of Our Asset Management Business

Voting Agreement

The  Corporation  and  the  Manager  have  entered  into  the  Voting  Agreement  in  order  to  provide  for  the  following 
agreements relating to the board of directors of the Asset Management Company:

•

•

•

the number of directors of the Asset Management Company is fixed at four directors, unless agreed otherwise, 
notwithstanding a change in the shareholding of either party;

each  of  the  Corporation  and  the  Manager  has  the  right  to  nominate  one-half  of  the  directors  of  the  Asset 
Management Company and agrees to vote its shares in favour of those four nominated directors; and

each  nominated  director  may  at  any  time  and  for  any  reason  be  removed  from  the  board  of  the  Asset 
Management  Company  by  the  shareholder  that  nominated  the  director  (and  only  that  shareholder),  and  the 

132                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

vacancy created, and any other vacancy, will also be filled by a director nominated by the shareholder whose 
nominated director has left the board.

The Voting Agreement is not a unanimous shareholder agreement and does not give either party additional governance 
rights  relating  to,  or  take  any  powers  away  from,  the  directors  of  the  Asset  Management  Company  to  manage  or 
supervise the management of the business and affairs of the Asset Management Company.

The Voting Agreement continues in perpetuity, and is only terminable with the mutual consent of the Corporation and 
the Manager. A copy of the Voting Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to this Form 20-F.

Articles of the Asset Management Company

The  articles  of  the  Asset  Management  Company  provide  for  the  following  key  terms,  which  are  customary,  that  are 
important to the governance of the Asset Management Company:

•

•

•

•

•

•

ordinary resolutions of shareholders require approval by a majority of the votes cast;

special resolutions of shareholders require approval by 66 2⁄3% of the votes cast;

board matters require majority approval;

further issuances of common shares require the approval of the board;

common shares are only transferable with the approval of the board; and

amendments to the articles generally require the approval of the shareholders by special resolution.

Services Agreements

Two  services  agreements  have  been  entered  into  in  respect  of  our  asset  management  business,  the  material  terms  of 
which are summarized below.

Asset Management Services Agreement

The Manager provides the services of its employees to our asset management business on a cost recovery basis under a 
perpetual agreement with the Asset Management Services Agreement. The services provided to our asset management 
business by these individuals include investment, asset management services, fundraising, investor relations services and 
other  services.  The  Asset  Management  Company  pays  the  Manager  for  the  services  of  these  individuals  on  a  cost 
recovery  basis  such  that  neither  party  receives  financial  gain  nor  suffers  financial  loss.  Other  than  Mr.  Flatt,  the 
Manager’s employees/executives spend all their time discharging their duties as officers and employees of the Manager 
and  towards  responsibilities  related  to  our  asset  management  business,  in  accordance  with  the  Asset  Management 
Services Agreement. A copy of the Asset Management Services Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to this Form 20-
F.

The  Manager  awards  options  or  other  long  term  incentive  awards  to  its  employees.  See  Item  6.B  “Compensation”. 
Further, as may be agreed with the Asset Management Company from time to time, the Manager may award options or 
other  long  term  incentive  awards  to  employees  of  our  asset  management  business.  Our  asset  management  business 
compensates the Manager for the costs associated with these awards.

Transitional Services Agreement

The  Corporation,  the  Manager  and  the  Asset  Management  Company  have  entered  into  the  Transitional  Services 
Agreement pursuant to which (i) our asset management business agrees to provide the Corporation and the Manager, on 
a  transitional  basis,  certain  services  to  support  day-to-day  corporate  activities  (including  services  relating  to  finance, 
treasury, accounting, legal and regulatory, marketing, communications, human resource, internal audit and information 

FORM 20-F                 133

technology)  and  (ii)  the  Corporation  provides,  on  a  transitional  basis,  certain  services  to  the  Manager  and  the  Asset 
Management Company to facilitate the orderly transition of our asset management business (the services, collectively, 
being  “Transitional  Services”).  The  Transitional  Services  are  provided,  at  cost,  for  a  period  of  three  years  after  the 
effective date of the Arrangement, unless extended by mutual agreement. A copy of the Transitional Services Agreement 
has been filed as an exhibit to this Form 20-F.

Our asset management business also provides to the Corporation, as requested from time to time and on a cost recovery 
basis, services of its investment personnel to assist in acquisitions or other transactions undertaken by the Corporation.

Governance and Management of Perpetual Affiliates 

We  provide  services  to  the  Corporation’s  perpetual  affiliates  –  BEP,  BIP,  BBU  and  BPY.  Our  asset  management 
business  includes  the  service  providers  to  the  perpetual  affiliates  (collectively  with  their  affiliates,  the  “Service 
Providers”) and, in the case of BEP and BIP, has acquired the subsidiary of the Corporation that is entitled to receive 
incentive distributions. Our asset management business, the other Service Providers and their respective affiliates remain 
and  are  bound  by  the  terms  of  the  agreements  relating  to  the  governance  and  management  of  the  perpetual  affiliates, 
being relationship agreements (the “Affiliate Relationship Agreements”) and the master services agreements (“Master 
Services Agreements”).  

The following is a summary of the material terms of the Affiliate Relationship Agreements, Master Services Agreements 
and  other  matters  relating  to  the  perpetual  affiliates  that  continue  to  apply  to  the  Corporation,  our  asset  management 
business  and  the  other  Service  Providers.  Copies  of  the  Affiliates  Relationship  Agreements  and  Master  Services 
Agreements have been filed as exhibits to the annual reports on Form 20-F of each applicable perpetual affiliate.

Affiliate Relationship Agreements

The Affiliate Relationship Agreements (which exist in the case of BEP, BIP and BBU) govern aspects of the relationship 
among the Corporation and the Service Providers (including our asset management business), on the one hand, and each 
of the perpetual affiliates and their related entities (collectively the “Service Recipients”), on the other hand.

Pursuant to the Affiliate Relationship Agreements, the Corporation has agreed that each of the perpetual affiliates serves 
as the primary entity through which the Corporation makes acquisitions within its stated strategy on a global basis, being: 
BEP—renewable power; BIP—infrastructure; and BBU—business services and industrial operations.

An  integral  part  of  the  Corporation’s  strategy  is  to  pursue  acquisitions  through  consortium  arrangements  with 
institutional  partners,  strategic  partners  or  financial  sponsors  and  to  form  partnerships  to  pursue  acquisitions  on  a 
specialized or global basis. The Corporation (through our asset management business) has also established and manages 
a  number  of  private  investment  entities,  managed  accounts,  joint  ventures,  consortiums,  partnerships  and  investment 
funds  whose  investment  objectives  include  the  acquisition  of  businesses  similar  to  those  that  the  perpetual  affiliates 
operate  and  our  asset  management  business  may  in  the  future  establish  similar  funds.  Nothing  in  the  Affiliate 
Relationship Agreements limits or restricts the Corporation or the Service Providers from establishing or advising these 
or similar entities or limit or restrict any such entities from carrying out any acquisition. The Corporation agrees to offer 
the  perpetual  affiliates  the  opportunity  to  take  up  the  Corporation’s  share  of  any  acquisition  through  these  consortium 
arrangements or by one of these entities that involves the acquisition within these stated strategies that are suitable for the 
perpetual affiliates, subject to certain limitations. To the extent that the perpetual affiliates invest in or alongside funds 
created, managed or sponsored by us, they may pay a base management fee (directly or indirectly through an equivalent 
arrangement) on a portion of their capital that is comparable to the base management fee payable pursuant to the Master 
Services  Agreements.  In  this  case,  the  base  management  fee  payable  pursuant  to  the  Master  Services  Agreements  is 
generally  reduced  on  a  dollar-for-dollar  basis  by  the  perpetual  affiliate’s  proportionate  share  of  the  comparable  base 
management  fee  (or  equivalent  amount)  under  such  other  arrangement.  The  payment  of  base  management  fees  under 
such other arrangements does not have any impact on the incentive distribution amount (if any) the perpetual affiliates 
may pay.

The  Corporation’s  (and  our)  commitment  to  the  perpetual  affiliates  is  subject  to  a  number  of  limitations  such  as  their 
financial capacity, the suitability of the acquisition in terms of the underlying asset characteristics and whether it fits with 

134                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

their  strategy,  limitations  arising  from  the  tax  and  regulatory  regimes  that  govern  their  affairs  and  certain  other 
restrictions. Under the terms of the Affiliate Relationship Agreements, the perpetual affiliates have acknowledged and 
agreed, among other things, that:

•

•

subject  to  being  provided  an  opportunity  to  participate  on  the  basis  described  above,  the  Corporation  and  the 
Service Providers may pursue other business activities and provide services to third parties that compete directly 
or indirectly with the perpetual affiliates; and

the Corporation and the Service Providers have established or advised, and may continue to establish or advise, 
other  entities  that  rely  on  the  diligence,  skill  and  business  contacts  of  the  Corporation’s  or  the  Service 
Providers’  professionals  and  the  information  and  acquisition  opportunities  they  generate  during  the  normal 
course  of  their  activities  and  some  of  these  entities  may  have  objectives  that  overlap  with  the  perpetual 
affiliates’  objectives  or  may  acquire  businesses  that  could  be  considered  appropriate  acquisitions  for  the 
perpetual affiliates, and that the Corporation may have financial incentives to assist those other entities over the 
perpetual affiliates.

In  the  event  of  the  termination  of  the  Master  Services  Agreement  for  a  perpetual  affiliate,  the  Affiliate  Relationship 
Agreement  would  also  terminate,  including  the  Corporation’s  and  our  commitments  to  provide  the  perpetual  affiliate 
with acquisition opportunities, as described above. As provided in our Relationship Agreement, we are not permitted to 
terminate an Affiliate Relationship Agreement without the consent of the Corporation.

Master Services Agreements

The  Service  Recipients  have  entered  into  Master  Services  Agreements  pursuant  to  which  the  Service  Providers  have 
agreed  to  provide  or  arrange  for  other  Service  Providers  to  provide  management  and  administrative  services  to  the 
Service Recipients. The following is a summary of certain provisions of the Master Services Agreements.

Appointment of the service providers and services rendered

Under  the  Master  Services  Agreements,  the  Service  Recipients  have  appointed  the  Service  Providers  to  provide  or 
arrange for the provision by an appropriate Service Provider of management and administrative services, including the 
following:

•

•

•

•

providing  overall  strategic  advice  to  the  applicable  Service  Recipients  including  advising  with  respect  to  the 
expansion of their business into new markets;

identifying,  evaluating  and  recommending  to  the  Service  Recipients  acquisitions  or  dispositions  from  time  to 
time and, where requested to do so, assisting in negotiating the terms of such acquisitions or dispositions;

recommending and, where requested to do so, assisting in the raising of funds whether by way of debt, equity or 
otherwise,  including  the  preparation,  review  or  distribution  of  any  prospectus  or  offering  memorandum  in 
respect thereof and assisting with communications support in connection therewith;

recommending  to  the  Service  Recipients  suitable  candidates  to  serve  on  the  boards  of  directors  or  their 
equivalent governing bodies of the operating businesses;

• making recommendations with respect to the exercise of any voting rights to which the Service Recipients are 

entitled in respect of the operating businesses;

• making  recommendations  with  respect  to  the  payment  of  dividends  or  other  distributions  by  the  Service 

Recipients, including distributions by the perpetual affiliates;

• monitoring  and/or  oversight  of  the  applicable  Service  Recipient’s  accountants,  legal  counsel  and  other 
accounting,  financial  or  legal  advisors  and  technical,  commercial,  marketing  and  other  independent  experts, 
including making recommendations with respect to, and supervising the timely calculation and payment of taxes 

FORM 20-F                 135

payable and the filing of all tax returns due, by each Service Recipient, and overseeing the preparation of the 
Service Recipients’ annual consolidated financial statements and quarterly interim financial statements;

• making recommendations in relation to and effecting, when requested to do so, the entry into insurance of each 
Service  Recipient’s  assets,  together  with  other  insurances  against  other  risks,  including  directors  and  officers 
insurance as the relevant Service Provider and the relevant board of directors or its equivalent governing body 
may from time to time agree;

•

•

arranging for individuals to carry out the functions of principal executive, accounting and financial officers for 
the perpetual affiliates only for purposes of applicable securities laws; and

providing individuals to act as senior officers of the Service Recipients as agreed from time to time, subject to 
the approval of the relevant board of directors or its equivalent governing body.

The Service Providers’ activities are subject to the supervision of the board of directors or equivalent governing body of 
the applicable Service Recipients. The relevant governing body remains responsible for all investment and divestment 
decisions made by the Service Recipient.

Any Service Provider may, from time to time, appoint an affiliate of the Corporation to act as a new Service Provider 
under the applicable Master Services Agreement, effective upon the execution of a joinder agreement by the new Service 
Provider.

Management fee

Pursuant to the Master Services Agreements, the Service Providers receive a quarterly base management fee (generally 
0.3125% (1.25% annually), but subject to some exceptions) of the total capitalization of the perpetual affiliates and their 
related entities. The aggregate base management fees paid by the perpetual affiliates for the year ended December 31, 
2022 was $984 million.

To  the  extent  that  perpetual  affiliates,  directly  or  indirectly,  are  obligated  to  pay  a  base  management  fee  (directly  or 
indirectly through an equivalent arrangement) to the Service Providers (or any affiliate) on a portion of their capital that 
is  invested  in  the  Corporation  (including  our  asset  management  business)  sponsored  funds  comparable  to  the  base 
management fee, the base management fee payable for each quarter in respect thereof generally is reduced on a dollar-
for-dollar  basis  by  the  perpetual  affiliate’s  proportionate  share  of  the  comparable  base  management  fee  (or  equivalent 
amount) under such other arrangement for that quarter. The base management fee is not reduced by the amount of any 
incentive  distribution  payable  by  any  Service  Recipient  or  operating  entity  to  the  Service  Providers  (or  any  other 
affiliate)  (for  which  there  is  a  separate  credit  mechanism  under  the  applicable  limited  partnership  agreement  for  the 
perpetual  affiliate),  or  any  other  fees  that  are  payable  by  any  operating  entity  to  the  Corporation  (including  our  asset 
management business) for services that are outside the scope of the Master Services Agreements.

Reimbursement of expenses and certain taxes

The  relevant  Service  Recipient  reimburses  the  Service  Providers  for  all  other  out-of-pocket  fees,  costs  and  expenses 
incurred  in  connection  with  the  provision  of  the  services  including  those  of  any  third  party.  Such  out-of-pocket  fees, 
costs and expenses include, among other things: (i) fees, costs and expenses relating to any debt or equity financing; (ii) 
fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the general administration services of any Service Recipient; (iii) 
taxes, licenses and other statutory fees or penalties levied against or in respect of a Service Recipient; (iv) amounts owed 
by  the  Service  Providers  under  indemnification,  contribution  or  similar  arrangements;  (v)  fees,  costs  and  expenses 
relating  to  our  financial  reporting,  regulatory  filings  and  investor  relations  and  the  fees,  costs  and  expenses  of  agents, 
advisors  and  other  persons  who  provide  services  to  a  Service  Recipient;  and  (vi)  any  other  fees,  costs  and  expenses 
incurred  by  the  Service  Providers  that  are  reasonably  necessary  for  the  performance  by  the  Service  Providers  of  their 
duties  and  functions  under  the  Master  Services  Agreements.  However,  the  Service  Recipients  are  not  required  to 
reimburse the Service Providers for the salaries and other remuneration of their management, personnel or support staff 
who carry out any services or functions for such Service Recipients or overhead for such persons.

136                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

In  addition,  the  Service  Recipients  are  required  to  pay  all  fees,  costs  and  expenses  incurred  in  connection  with  the 
investigation, acquisition, holding or disposal of any asset or business that is made or that is proposed to be made by us. 
Such  additional  fees,  expenses  and  costs  represent  out-of-pocket  costs  associated  with  investment  activities  that  are 
undertaken pursuant to the Master Services Agreements.

The  Service  Recipients  are  also  required  to  pay  or  reimburse  the  Service  Providers  for  all  sales,  use,  value  added, 
withholding or other similar taxes or customs duties or other governmental charges levied or imposed by reason of the 
Master  Services  Agreements,  any  service  agreement  or  any  agreement  the  Master  Services  Agreements  contemplates, 
other than income taxes, corporation taxes, capital taxes or other similar taxes payable by the Service Providers, which 
are personal to the Service Providers.

Termination

The Master Services Agreements continue in perpetuity until terminated in accordance with their terms. However, the 
Service Recipients may terminate the applicable Master Services Agreement upon written notice of termination if any of 
the following occurs:

•

•

•

•

any  of  the  Service  Providers  defaults  in  the  performance  or  observance  of  any  material  term,  condition  or 
covenant contained in the agreement in a manner that results in material harm to the Service Recipients and the 
default continues unremedied for a prescribed period after written notice of the breach is given to such Service 
Provider;

any of the Service Providers engages in any act of fraud, misappropriation of funds or embezzlement against 
any Service Recipient that results in material harm to the Service Recipients;

any of the Service Providers is grossly negligent in the performance of its obligations under the agreement and 
such gross negligence results in material harm to the Service Recipients; or

certain events relating to the bankruptcy or insolvency of each of the Service Providers.

The Service Recipients have no right to terminate for any other reason, including if any of the Service Providers or the 
Corporation experiences a change of control.

The  Master  Services  Agreements  expressly  provide  that  the  Master  Services  Agreements  may  not  be  terminated  due 
solely to the poor performance or the underperformance of the perpetual affiliates.

The Service Providers may terminate the Master Services Agreements upon written notice of termination to the Service 
Recipients  if  any  Service  Recipient  defaults  in  the  performance  or  observance  of  any  material  term,  condition  or 
covenant contained in the agreement in a manner that results in material harm to the Service Providers and the default 
continues  unremedied  for  a  prescribed  period  after  written  notice  of  the  breach  is  given  to  the  Service  Recipient.  The 
Service Providers may also terminate the Master Services Agreements upon the occurrence of certain events relating to 
the bankruptcy or insolvency of the Service Recipients.

If a Master Services Agreement is terminated, the corresponding Affiliate Relationship Agreement and any obligations 
of the Corporation and our asset management business under the Affiliate Relationship Agreement will also terminate.

Indemnification and limitations on liability

Under the Master Services Agreements, the Service Providers have not assumed and do not assume any responsibility 
other  than  to  provide  or  arrange  for  the  provision  of  the  services  called  for  thereunder  in  good  faith  and  are  not 
responsible  for  any  action  that  the  Service  Recipients  take  in  following  or  declining  to  follow  the  advice  or 
recommendations of the Service Providers. In addition, under the Master Services Agreements, the Service Providers and 
the related indemnified parties are not liable to the Service Recipients for any act or omission, except for conduct that 
involved  bad  faith,  fraud,  willful  misconduct,  gross  negligence  or  in  the  case  of  a  criminal  matter,  conduct  that  the 
indemnified person knew was unlawful. The maximum amount of the aggregate liability of the Service Providers or any 

FORM 20-F                 137

of their affiliates, or of any director, officer, agent, employee or other specified person of the Service Providers or any of 
their affiliates, is equal to the amounts previously paid by the Service Recipients in respect of services pursuant to the 
Master Services Agreements in the two most recent calendar years. The Service Recipients have agreed to indemnify the 
Service Providers, their affiliates, directors, officers, agents, employees and other specified persons to the fullest extent 
permitted  by  law  from  and  against  any  claims,  liabilities,  losses,  damages,  costs  or  expenses  (including  legal  fees) 
incurred by an indemnified person or threatened in connection with any and all actions, suits, investigations, proceedings 
or claims of any kind whatsoever, whether arising under statute or action of a governmental authority or in connection 
with the perpetual affiliates’ respective businesses, investments and activities or in respect of or arising from the Master 
Services Agreements or the services provided by the Service Providers, except to the extent that the claims, liabilities, 
losses,  damages,  costs  or  expenses  are  determined  to  have  resulted  from  the  indemnified  person’s  bad  faith,  fraud  or 
willful misconduct, gross negligence or in the case of a criminal matter, action that the indemnified person knew to have 
been unlawful.

Outside activities

The Master Services Agreements do not prohibit the Service Providers or their affiliates from engaging in other business 
activities  or  sponsoring,  or  providing  services  to,  third  parties  that  compete  directly  or  indirectly  with  the  Service 
Recipients.

Other services

The  Service  Providers  may  provide  services  which  are  outside  the  scope  of  the  Master  Services  Agreements  under 
arrangements that are on market terms and conditions and pursuant to which the Service Providers receive fees.

Incentive Distributions

Our asset management business is entitled to performance or incentive distributions in respect of funds and some of the 
perpetual affiliates.

For  example,  in  the  case  of  BEP  and  BIP,  our  asset  management  business  holds  a  security  that  entitles  it  to  incentive 
distribution rights that are based on the amount by which quarterly distributions exceed specified target levels; and in the 
case of BBU, the incentive distribution amount for a quarter is equal to (a) 20% of the growth in the market value of its 
units quarter-over-quarter (but only after the market value exceeds the “Incentive Distribution Threshold” being initially 
$25.00 and adjusted at the beginning of each quarter to be equal to the greater of (i) a BBU unit’s market value for the 
previous  quarter  and  (ii)  the  Incentive  Distribution  Threshold  at  the  end  of  the  previous  quarter)  multiplied  by  (b)  the 
number of units outstanding at the end of the last business day of the applicable quarter (assuming full conversion of the 
Redemption-Exchange Units into units). For the purposes of calculating incentive distributions, the market value of the 
BBU units is equal to the quarterly volume-weighted average price of the BBU units on the principal stock exchange for 
the  BBU  units  (based  on  trading  volumes).  The  incentive  distribution  amount,  if  any,  is  calculated  at  the  end  of  each 
calendar quarter. The Incentive Distribution Threshold as at December 31, 2022 is $31.53, reflecting the adjusted high-
watermark resulting from the special distribution of BBUC.

The aggregate incentive distributions by the perpetual affiliates for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $335 million.

To  the  extent  that  a  perpetual  affiliate  or  one  of  its  related  entities  pays  to  the  Corporation  (including  our  asset 
management  business)  any  comparable  performance  or  incentive  distribution,  the  amount  of  any  future  incentive 
distributions payable by the perpetual affiliate is reduced in an equitable manner to avoid duplication of distributions.

Sharing of Carried Interest and Other Distributions

Our  revenues  consist  of  contractual  base  management  fees,  transaction  and  advisory  fees,  and  performance  income  or 
carried  interest  and  similar  distributions.  The  Manager’s  returns  are  earned  from  its  interest  in  our  asset  management 
business. For more information on how our asset management business earns revenues, please see the discussions under 
Item 4.B “Business Overview”. 

138                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

For new and more recent funds (which includes funds with a more recent vintage such as BIF V, BGTF, BCP VI and 
BSREP  IV)  and  open-end  funds  (such  as  Brookfield  Super-Core  Infrastructure  Partners  and  Brookfield  Premier  Real 
Estate  Partners),  our  asset  management  business  receives  66.7%  of  the  gross  carried  interest  or  similar  distributions 
generated by our managed assets (a portion of which is used by our asset management business to cover management 
compensation  and  other  costs),  with  the  remainder  being  received  by  the  Corporation.  The  Corporation  is  entitled  to 
receive similar interests in future funds pursuant to the terms of the Relationship Agreement, regardless of participation. 
The  Corporation  and  our  asset  management  business  are  responsible  for  clawback  obligations  in  relation  to  carried 
interest  or  similar  distributions  in  the  same  proportions  noted  above.  This  economic  interest  does  not  entitle  the 
Corporation  to  any  governance  rights  or  direct  influence  over  these  funds  except  as  described  below  or  as  otherwise 
described in the Relationship Agreement.

For mature funds that have already been largely deployed (such as BSREP I, BSREP II, BSREP III and Oaktree Cap II 
L.P.), the Corporation retains the right to receive 100% of the gross carried interest distributions received by our asset 
management business in respect of the funds, as well as, in the case of BSREP III U.S. investments, any distributions 
received in respect of the Corporation’s limited partner interest, which are also contributed into our asset management 
business as part of the Pre-Arrangement Reorganization. The Corporation receives these amounts, as well as its 33.3% 
share of similar distributions on open-end funds, through the payment of dividends, as and when declared by the board of 
directors of subsidiaries of our asset management business, on minority investments (the “Tracking Shares”) that the 
Corporation owns in the subsidiaries. The board of directors of these subsidiaries pay dividends to the Corporation on the 
Tracking Shares in an amount equal to the distributions received from the tracked carried interest (or, in the case of the 
open-end funds, 33.3% of the similar distributions received). These Tracking Shares are entitled to vote, together with 
the common shares owned indirectly by our asset management business, in respect of the applicable subsidiary of our 
asset  management  business.  On  a  liquidation  or  redemption  of  the  applicable  subsidiary,  the  holder  of  the  Tracking 
Shares is entitled to receive a preferred amount equal to the fair market value of the tracked distributions. To the extent 
that any employees of the Manager or our asset management business are entitled to receive any carried interest from the 
older  funds,  the  Corporation  either  distributes  such  carried  interest  directly  to  these  employees  or  reimburses  their 
employing entities for a matching amount.

For the general partner of BSREP III, in addition to the economic entitlement represented by the Tracking Shares, the 
Corporation  and  our  asset  management  business  have  also  entered  into  a  voting  agreement  that  gives  the  Corporation 
voting rights over the general partner. As a result, the capital deployed in BSREP III is not accounted for as an equity 
investment.

Our  asset  management  business  has  made  a  commitment  to  BSREP  III  in  the  amount  of  $2.75  billion,  $1.8  billion  of 
which has already been funded. See Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Management’s Discussion 
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for more information on the commitment to BSREP III 
and the sharing of carried interest between the Corporation and our asset management business.

Credit Facilities

Corporation Credit Facility

The Asset Management Company entered into a credit agreement, dated as of November 8, 2022, with the Corporation, 
as  lender,  providing  for  a  five-year  revolving  $300  million  credit  facility  (the  “Corporation  Credit  Facility”).  The 
Corporation Credit Facility is available in U.S. or Canadian dollars, and advances are made by way of SOFR, base rate, 
bankers’  acceptance  rate  or  prime  rate  loans.  Advances  bear  interest  at  the  forward-looking  term  rate  based  on  SOFR 
plus 0.10%, the base rate, the prime rate or the CDOR, in each case plus an applicable spread and subject to adjustment 
from  time  to  time  as  the  parties  may  agree.  In  addition,  the  Corporation  Credit  Facility  contemplates  deposit 
arrangements pursuant to which the lender would, with the consent of the borrower, deposit funds on a demand basis to 
the borrower’s account at a reduced rate of interest. There were no draws on this Corporation Credit Facility during the 
period  covered  by  this  Form  20-F.  As  of  March  3,  2023,  approximately  $180  million  was  outstanding  under  the 
Corporation Credit Facility.

FORM 20-F                 139

Manager Credit Facility

The  Manager  entered  into  the  Manager  Credit  Facility.  The  Manager  Credit  Facility  is  available  in  U.S.  or  Canadian 
dollars, and advances are made by way of SOFR, base rate, bankers’ acceptance rate or prime rate loans. Advances bear 
interest at the forward-looking term rate based on SOFR plus 0.10%, the base rate, the prime rate or CDOR, in each case 
plus an applicable spread and subject to adjustment from time to time as the parties may agree. In addition, the Manager 
Credit Facility contemplates deposit arrangements pursuant to which the lender would, with the consent of the borrower, 
deposit  funds  on  a  demand  basis  to  the  borrower’s  account  at  a  reduced  rate  of  interest.  There  were  no  draws  on  this 
Manager Credit Facility during the period covered by this Form 20-F. As of March 3, 2023, approximately $145 million 
was outstanding under the Manager Credit Facility.

A copy of the Manager Credit Facility has been filed as an exhibit to this Form 20-F.

Deposit Arrangement

Our asset management business has $3.3 billion of cash to fund future operations, which is, until it is deployed by our 
asset management business, put on deposit with the Corporation at a pre-agreed rate of interest.

Tax Matters Agreement

The Corporation, the Manager and the Asset Management Company have entered into the Tax Matters Agreement that 
governs  each  parties’  respective  rights,  responsibilities  and  obligations  with  respect  to  allocation  of  tax  liabilities,  the 
preparation and filing of tax returns, the payment of taxes, the control of tax contests and certain other matters regarding 
taxes. A copy of the Tax Matters Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to this Form 20-F.

Covenants

The Tax Matters Agreement contains certain customary covenants with respect to the filing of tax returns, payment of 
taxes,  cooperation,  assistance,  document  retention  and  certain  other  administration  and  procedural  matters  regarding 
taxes. In general, the Tax Matters Agreement provides that the party that is responsible for filing and making any tax 
payments  under  applicable  law  generally  shall  be  the  party  primarily  responsible  for  preparing  and  filing  such  tax 
returns. The Tax Matters Agreement also assigns responsibilities for administrative tax matters, such retention of records 
and the control and conduct of tax audits, examinations or other similar proceedings. The party responsible for preparing 
and  filing  a  given  tax  return  generally  has  authority  to  control  tax  contests  related  to  any  such  tax  return,  subject  to 
certain notice, assistance and cooperation provisions to the extent the resolution of such tax contest has the potential of 
impacting another party’s tax liability.

The Tax Matters Agreement also contains certain covenants that, for a period of two years after the effective date of the 
Arrangement, may prohibit, except in specific circumstances, the parties from taking or failing to take certain actions that 
could cause the Pre-Arrangement Reorganization, the Arrangement or any transaction contemplated by the Arrangement 
Agreement to be taxed in a manner that is inconsistent with the manner provided for in the Tax Opinions (as defined in 
the Tax Matters Agreement). The foregoing restrictions may limit for a period of time the ability of the Corporation, the 
Manager  and  the  entities  conducting  our  asset  management  business  to  pursue  certain  strategic  transactions  or  other 
transactions;  however,  such  restrictions  are  designed  to  preserve  the  intended  Canadian  and  U.S.  federal  income  tax 
treatment of the Arrangement.

Indemnification

Pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement, the parties each agree to indemnify and hold harmless the other parties and their 
representatives against any losses suffered or incurred by the others as a result of or in connection with a breach of any 
covenant made by the indemnifying party under the Tax Matters Agreement.

140                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Trademark Sublicense Agreement

The Manager has entered into the Trademark Sublicense Agreement with the Corporation pursuant to which the Manager 
has obtained a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the name “Brookfield” and the “Brookfield” logo. Other than 
under this limited license, the Manager does not have a legal right to the “Brookfield” name or the “Brookfield” logo. 
Our asset management business is also entitled to use the “Brookfield” name and the “Brookfield” logo under a similar 
license.

The Corporation may terminate the Trademark Sublicense Agreement upon 30 days’ prior written notice of termination 
if any of the following occurs:

•

•

•

•

•

upon termination of the Relationship Agreement or the Voting Agreement;

the  licensee  defaults  in  the  performance  of  any  material  term,  condition  or  agreement  contained  in  the 
agreement  and  the  default  continues  for  a  period  of  30  days  after  written  notice  of  the  breach  is  given  to  the 
licensee;

the  licensee  assigns,  sublicenses,  pledges,  mortgages  or  otherwise  encumbers  the  intellectual  property  rights 
granted to it pursuant to the licensing agreement;

certain events relating to a bankruptcy or insolvency of the licensee; or

if the Corporation ceases to own at least 25% of the common shares of our asset management business.

A copy of the Trademark Sublicense Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to this Form 20-F.

Conflicts of Interest

As  described  above,  our  structure  (including  the  structure  of  our  asset  management  business)  and  the  terms  of  the 
Relationship  Agreement  and  other  arrangements  among  the  Manager,  the  Corporation  and  our  asset  management 
business create meaningful alignment of interest between these parties, in particular:

•

•

•

•

the  Manager  and  the  Corporation  each  own  25%  and  75%  of  the  common  shares  of  the  Asset  Management 
Company, respectively;

the  Corporation,  principally  through  its  perpetual  affiliates,  has  historically  been  one  of  the  largest  single 
investors in sponsored funds of our asset management business. In addition, the Corporation, directly or through 
its  subsidiaries  (excluding  our  asset  management  business)  or  Brookfield  Reinsurance,  has  the  right  to 
participate up to 25% (net of any participation of our asset management business) in each new sponsored fund 
of our asset management business on such fee arrangements as may be agreed between our asset management 
business and the Corporation (which in certain cases may be no fees);

the Corporation is entitled to receive 33.3% of the carried interest on new sponsored funds of our asset management 
business (which includes more recently raised funds such as BIF V, BGTF, BCP VI and BSREP IV); and

the Class B Shares are held in the BAM Partnership, the trust that also owns the Corporation Class B Shares.

However, conflicts of interest might arise between the Corporation and the Manager, including in the way that our asset 
management business is managed. Activities and transactions that give rise to potential conflicts of interests between the 
Manager, the Manager’s shareholders and our asset management business, on the one hand, and the Corporation, on the 
other  hand,  generally  are  resolved  by  a  conflicts  committee  set  up  by  the  Manager  in  accordance  with  the  principles 
summarized  below  and  in  accordance  with  conflicts  management  policies,  which  are  also  approved  by  the  Manager’s 
independent  directors.  While  recognizing  the  benefit  to  the  Manager  of  its  relationship  with  the  Corporation  and  the 
Manager’s  intent  to  seek  to  maximize  the  benefits  from  this  relationship,  the  Manager  generally  looks  for  potential 
conflicts  to  be  resolved  on  the  basis  of  transparency  and,  where  applicable,  third-party  validation  and  approvals. 

FORM 20-F                 141

Addressing conflicts of interest is complex, and it is not possible to predict all of the types of conflicts that may arise 
over time. Accordingly, the Board reviews all potential situations that may present a conflict of interest and, to the extent 
not  already  addressed  by  existing  policies,  the  same  is  addressed  by  way  of  new  protocols,  which  are  approved  by  a 
conflicts  committee  and  the  Manager’s  independent  directors.  The  Manager’s  conflicts  management  policies  may  be 
amended from time to time at the discretion of the Board.

Pursuant to the conflicts management policy of the Manager, certain conflicts of interest do not require the approval of 
the  Manager’s  independent  directors,  provided  they  are  addressed  in  accordance  with  pre-approved  parameters.  The 
Manager  is  required  to  seek  the  prior  approval  of  its  independent  directors  for  certain  transactions,  including,  among 
others, for the following matters/activities: (i) subject to certain exceptions, material acquisitions by perpetual affiliates 
from, and dispositions by perpetual affiliates to, the Corporation; (ii) material acquisitions whereby a perpetual affiliate 
and  the  Corporation  are  purchasing  different  assets  as  part  of  a  single  transaction;  (iii)  the  dissolution  of  a  perpetual 
affiliate;  (v)  any  material  amendment  to  the  Relationship  Agreement,  the  Master  Services  Agreements,  the  Affiliate 
Relationship Agreements or other material contracts involving the Corporation; and (vi) any other material transaction 
involving us and the Corporation. The Manager’s independent directors may delegate oversight and decision making in 
respect of these matters to a committee of such directors. In addition, pursuant to the conflicts management policy, the 
Manager’s independent directors may grant prior approvals for certain type of transactions and/or activities, in the form 
of general guidelines, policies or procedures that must be followed in connection with such transactions and/or matters, 
and in which case no further special approval is required in connection with a particular transaction or matter permitted 
thereby,  provided  such  transactions  or  matters  are  conducted  in  accordance  with  pre-approved  guidelines,  policies  or 
parameters.

In certain circumstances, transactions and/or activities may be related party transactions and/or activities for the purposes 
of,  and  subject  to  certain  requirements  of  MI  61-101.  MI  61-101  provides  a  number  of  circumstances  in  which  a 
transaction  between  an  issuer  and  a  related  party  may  be  subject  to  valuation  and  minority  approval  requirements. 
Special  committees  of  the  Board  may  be  formed  from  time  to  time  to  review  particular  matters  related  to  such 
transactions.  Furthermore,  the  Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation  Committee  also  reviews  and  conducts 
oversight of all significant proposed related party transactions and situations involving potential conflicts of interest that 
are not required to be dealt with by an independent special committee.

See Item 3.D “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Manager”.

Other Related Party Transactions

From time to time, Brookfield and its related entities may purchase securities offered by the Manager.

7.C 

INTEREST OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL

Not applicable.

142                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

ITEM 8. 

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

8.A 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Financial Statements

See Item 18. “Financial Statements”.

Dividend Policy

See Item 5.A “Operating Results — Liquidity and Capital Resources—Dividends Policy”, which contains information 
regarding  our  dividend  policy.  Also  see  Item  10.B  “Memorandum  and  Articles  of  Association  —  Class  A  Limited 
Voting Shares — Dividends”.

Legal Proceedings

See Item 18. “Financial Statements”.

8.B 

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES

Not applicable.

ITEM 9. 

THE OFFER AND LISTING

9.A 

OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS

Our Class A Shares are listed on the NYSE and the TSX under the symbol “BAM”. The Class A Shares began trading on 
the NYSE and the TSX on December 12, 2022.  

9.B 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Not applicable.

9.C  MARKETS

See Item 9.A. “The Offer and Listing — Offer and Listing Details”.

9.D 

SELLING SHAREHOLDERS

Not applicable.

9.E 

DILUTION

Not applicable.

9.F 

EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE

Not applicable.

ITEM 10. 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

10.A 

SHARE CAPITAL

Not applicable.

FORM 20-F                 143

10.B  MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

The Manager is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Class A Preference Shares, an unlimited number of Class A 
Shares  and  21,280  Class  B  Shares.  As  of  December  31,  2022,  there  were  412,201,980  Class  A  Shares  issued  and 
outstanding, 21,280 Class B Shares issued and outstanding, and there are no issued and outstanding Class A Preference 
Shares.

The  following  is  a  summary  of  certain  provisions  attaching  to  or  affecting  the  Class  A  Preference  Shares,  Class  A 
Shares, Class B Shares and Special Limited Voting Shares. This description is in all respects subject to and qualified in 
its entirety by applicable law and the provisions of the Articles.

Class A Preference Shares

Series

The Class A Preference Shares may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board fixes the number of 
shares in each series and the provisions attached to each series before issue.

Priority

The Class A Preference Shares rank senior to the Class A Shares, the Class B Shares and other shares ranking junior to 
the Class A Preference Shares with respect to priority in the payment of dividends and in the distribution of assets in the 
event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Manager, whether voluntary or involuntary, or in the event of 
any other distribution of assets of the Manager among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs. Each 
series of Class A Preference Shares ranks on a parity with every other series of Class A Preference Shares with respect to 
priority  in  the  payment  of  dividends  and  in  the  distribution  of  assets  in  the  event  of  the  liquidation,  dissolution  or 
winding up of the Manager, whether voluntary or involuntary, or in the event of any other distribution of assets of the 
Manager among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs.

Shareholder Approvals

The Manager shall not delete or vary any preference, right, condition, restriction, limitation or prohibition attaching to 
the Class A Preference Shares as a class or create preference shares ranking in priority to or on parity with the Class A 
Preference Shares except by special resolution passed by at least 66 2⁄3% of the votes cast at a meeting of the holders of 
the Class A Preference Shares duly called for that purpose, in accordance with the provisions of the Articles. Each holder 
of Class A Preference Shares entitled to vote at a class meeting of holders of Class A Preference Shares, or at a joint 
meeting of the holders of two or more series of Class A Preference Shares, has one vote in respect of each C$25.00 of the 
issue price of each Class A Preference Share held by such holder.

Class A Shares and Class B Shares

The attributes of the Class A Shares and the Class B Shares are substantially equivalent, except for the differing voting 
rights attached to the two classes of shares.

Priority

Subject  to  the  prior  rights  of  the  holders  of  the  Class  A  Preference  Shares  and  any  other  senior-ranking  shares 
outstanding  from  time  to  time,  holders  of  Class  A  Shares  and  Class  B  Shares  rank  on  a  parity  with  each  other  with 
respect to the payment of dividends (if, as and when declared by the Board) and the return of capital on the liquidation, 
dissolution or winding up of the Manager or any other distribution of the assets of the Manager among its shareholders 
for the purpose of winding up its affairs.

144                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Voting Rights

Except as set out below under “Election of Directors”, each holder of Class A Shares and Class B Shares is entitled to 
notice of, and to attend and vote at, all meetings of the Manager’s shareholders, other than meetings at which holders of 
only  a  specified  class  or  series  may  vote,  and  is  entitled  to  cast  one  vote  per  share.  Subject  to  applicable  law  and  in 
addition to any other required shareholder approvals, all matters to be approved by shareholders (other than the election 
of directors), must be approved: by a majority or, in the case of matters that require approval by a special resolution of 
shareholders, at least 66 2⁄3%, of the votes cast by holders of Class A Shares who vote in respect of the resolution or 
special  resolution,  as  the  case  may  be;  and  by  a  majority  or,  in  the  case  of  matters  that  require  approval  by  a  special 
resolution of shareholders, at least 66 2⁄3%, of the votes cast by holders of Class B Shares who vote in respect of the 
resolution or special resolution, as the case may be. On any matters for the Manager that require shareholder approval, 
approval  must  be  obtained  from  the  holders  of  the  Class  A  Shares  and  the  holder  of  the  Class  B  Shares,  in  each  case 
voting separately as a class. In the event that holders of Class A Shares vote for a resolution and the holder of Class B 
shares votes against, or vice versa, such resolution would not receive the requisite approval and would therefore not be 
passed.

Election of Directors

In the election of directors, holders of Class A Shares are entitled to elect one-half of the Board and holders of Class B 
Shares are entitled to elect the other one-half of the Board.

The Articles provide that each holder of shares of a class or series of shares of the Manager entitled to vote in an election 
of directors has the right to cast a number of votes equal to the number of votes attached to the shares held by the holder 
multiplied  by  the  number  of  directors  to  be  elected  by  the  holder  and  the  holders  of  shares  of  the  classes  or  series  of 
shares  entitled  to  vote  with  the  holder  in  the  election  of  directors.  A  holder  may  cast  all  such  votes  in  favour  of  one 
candidate or distribute such votes among its candidates in any manner the holder sees fit. Where a holder has voted for 
more than one candidate without specifying the distribution of votes among such candidates, the holder shall be deemed 
to have divided the holder’s votes equally among the candidates for whom the holder voted.

The Articles provide that decisions of the directors are to be decided by a majority of votes and do not contain processes 
or procedures, such as a casting vote, to break a decision-making deadlock at the Board.

Other Provisions

On December 9, 2022, the Manager, the BAM Partnership and Computershare Trust Company of Canada entered into 
the 2022 Trust Agreement. The 2022 Trust Agreement provides, among other things, that the BAM Partnership will not 
sell any Class B Shares, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a takeover bid at a price per share in excess of 115% of the 
market price of the Class A Shares or as part of a transaction involving purchases made from more than five persons or 
companies  in  the  aggregate,  unless  a  concurrent  offer  is  made  to  all  holders  of  Class  A  Shares.  The  2022  Trust 
Agreement  also  provides  that  the  concurrent  offer  must  be:  (i)  for  the  same  percentage  of  Class  A  Shares  as  the 
percentage of Class B Shares offered to be purchased from the BAM Partnership; (ii) at a price per share at least as high 
as the highest price per share paid pursuant to the takeover bid for the Class B Shares; and (iii) on the same terms in all 
material respects as the offer for the Class B Shares.

These provisions in the 2022 Trust Agreement also apply to any transaction that would be deemed an indirect offer for 
the  Class  B  Shares  under  applicable  takeover  bid  legislation  in  Canada.  Additionally,  the  BAM  Partnership  agrees  to 
prevent any person or company from carrying out a direct or indirect sale of Class B Shares in contravention of the 2022 
Trust Agreement.

Charter Documents

Under the BCBCA, a company’s charter documents consist of a “notice of articles”, which set forth, among other things, 
the name of the company, the amount and type of authorized capital and whether any special rights and restrictions are 
attached to each class or series thereof, and certain information about the directors of the company, and the “articles”, 
which govern the management of the company’s affairs and set forth the special rights and restrictions attached to each 

FORM 20-F                 145

authorized class or series of shares. The notice of articles is filed with the BC Registrar, while articles are filed only with 
the company’s records office.

Shareholder Resolution Approvals

Under the BCBCA, generally the vote of shareholders required to pass resolutions approving matters is a simple majority 
of votes cast at a meeting. However, fundamental changes generally require a resolution passed by a special majority of 
the  votes  cast  by  shareholders  entitled  to  vote  on  the  resolutions  (i.e.,  two-third  of  the  votes  cast,  unless  a  greater 
majority of up to three-quarters is required by the articles), unless the BCBCA or the articles require a different type of 
resolution to make such change. Accordingly, certain alterations to a British Columbia company, such as a name change 
or certain changes in its authorized share structure, can be approved by a different type of resolution where specified in 
the articles, subject always to the requirement that a right or special right attached to issued shares must not be prejudiced 
or interfered with under the BCBCA or under the notice of articles or articles unless the shareholders holding shares of a 
class or series of shares to which such right or special right is attached consent by a special separate resolution of those 
shareholders.

The Manager’s Articles provide that directors are elected by ordinary resolution (defined as a majority of the votes cast) 
and  that  alterations  to  the  Manager’s  authorized  share  structure  requires  approval  of  the  shareholders  by  special 
resolution (defined as two-thirds of the votes cast), other than in the case of alterations to subdivide or consolidate all or 
any  of  the  Manager’s  unissued,  or  fully  paid  issued,  shares  or  alter  the  identifying  name  of  any  of  its  shares,  which 
require approval by resolution of the directors. The Articles provide that the name of the company may be changed by 
resolution of the directors. The Articles also provide that directors may be removed by special resolution. Consistent with 
the Corporation’s articles, the Articles provide that each holder of Class A Shares and Class B Shares is entitled to notice 
of, and to attend and vote at, all meetings of the Manager’s shareholders, other than meetings at which holders of only a 
specified class or series may vote, and is entitled to cast one vote per share. Subject to applicable law and in addition to 
any  other  required  shareholder  approvals,  all  matters  to  be  approved  by  shareholders  (other  than  the  election  of 
directors),  must  be  approved:  by  a  majority  or,  in  the  case  of  matters  that  require  approval  by  a  special  resolution  of 
shareholders, at least 66 2⁄3%, of the votes cast by holders of Class A Shares who vote in respect of the resolution or 
special  resolution,  as  the  case  may  be;  and  by  a  majority  or,  in  the  case  of  matters  that  require  approval  by  a  special 
resolution of shareholders, at least 66 2⁄3%, of the votes cast by holders of Class B Shares who vote in respect of the 
resolution or special resolution, as the case may be. In the election of directors, holders of Class A Shares are entitled to 
elect one-half of the Board and holders of Class B Shares are entitled to elect the other one-half of the Board. Further, 
consistent with the Corporation’s articles, the Articles provide for cumulative voting for the election of directors. See “—
Cumulative Voting”.

Shareholder Rights to Requisition Meetings

The BCBCA provides that one or more shareholders of a company holding not less than 5% of the issued voting shares 
of the company may give notice to the directors requiring them to call and hold a general meeting within four months.

Shareholder Proposals

Under  the  BCBCA,  a  proposal  may  only  be  submitted  by  qualified  shareholders,  which  means  an  owner  (whether 
registered or beneficial) of shares that carry a right to vote at a general meeting who has been such a shareholder for an 
uninterrupted period of at least two years before the date of signing the proposal, provided that such shareholder has not, 
within two years before the date of the signing of the proposal, failed to present, in person or by proxy, at any annual 
general meeting, an earlier proposal submitted by such shareholder in respect of which the company complied with its 
obligations under the BCBCA, and provided such shareholder either (i) holds at least one percent (1%) of issued shares 
of  the  company  that  carry  the  right  to  vote  at  a  general  meeting,  or  (ii)  holds  shares  of  the  company  that  have  a  fair 
market value in excess of C$2,000 in the aggregate.

Shareholder Action by Written Consent

Under  the  BCBCA,  generally,  shareholder  action  without  a  meeting  may  only  be  taken  by  consent  resolution  of  the 
shareholders entitled to vote on the resolution: with a written consent executed by shareholders holding two-thirds of the 

146                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

shares  that  carry  the  right  to  vote  at  general  meetings  being  effective  to  approve  an  action  requiring  an  ordinary 
resolution; or with a written consent executed by all shareholders that carry the right to vote at general meetings or by all 
of  the  shareholders  holding  shares  of  the  applicable  class  or  series  of  shares,  as  the  case  may  be,  being  effective  to 
approve an action requiring a special resolution.

Inspection Rights

Under  the  BCBCA,  directors  and  shareholders  may,  without  charge,  inspect  certain  of  a  company’s  records.  Former 
shareholders  and  directors  may  also  inspect  certain  of  the  company’s  records,  free  of  charge,  but  only  those  records 
pertaining  to  the  times  that  they  were  shareholders  or  directors.  Public  companies  must  allow  all  persons  to  inspect 
certain records of the company free of charge. The Manager’s Articles prohibit shareholders from inspecting or obtaining 
any  accounting  records  of  the  company,  unless  the  directors  determine  otherwise,  or  unless  otherwise  determined  by 
ordinary resolution.

Dividends and Repurchases of Shares

Under the BCBCA, a company may not declare or pay dividends or purchase or redeem its shares if there are reasonable 
grounds  for  believing  that  the  company  is  insolvent,  or  the  action  would  render  the  company  insolvent.  Insolvent  is 
defined to mean that a company is unable to pay its debts as they become due in the ordinary course of business. The 
BCBCA does not impose a net asset insolvency test for these purposes.

Authority to Issue Shares

Under the BCBCA, a company’s notice of articles must set out the name and kind of each class or series of shares and, 
for each class or series, the maximum number of shares of that class or series that the company is authorized to issue. 
The company’s articles must set out, in respect of each class and series of shares, any special rights and restrictions in 
respect of those shares. Following completion of the Arrangement, the Manager’s authorized share capital consists of: (i) 
an unlimited number of Class A Preference Shares; (ii) an unlimited number of Class A Shares; and (iii) 21,280 Class B 
Shares. The special rights and restrictions in respect of these shares is set out in the Manager’s Articles. See “Description 
of Share Capital of the Manager”.

Removal of Directors

Under the BCBCA, the shareholders of a company may remove one or more directors by a special resolution or, if the 
articles provide that a director may be removed by a resolution of the shareholders entitled to vote at general meetings 
passed by less than a special majority or may be removed by some other method, by the resolution or method specified in 
the articles. If holders of a class or series of shares have the exclusive right to elect or appoint one or more directors, a 
director so elected or appointed may only be removed by a separate resolution of those shareholders passed by a majority 
of votes that is less than the majority of votes required to pass a special separate resolution or may be removed by some 
other  method,  by  the  resolution  or  method  specified  in  the  articles.  Under  the  Manager’s  Articles,  directors  may  be 
removed by special resolution and in that event the shareholders may elect, or appoint by ordinary resolution, a director 
to  fill  the  resulting  vacancy.  If  the  shareholders  do  not  elect  or  appoint  a  director  to  fill  the  resulting  vacancy 
contemporaneously  with  the  removal,  then  the  directors  may  appoint  or  the  shareholders  may  elect,  or  appoint  by 
ordinary resolution, a director to fill that vacancy. The Articles also provide that directors may be remove any director 
before the expiration of his or her term if the director is convicted of an indictable offence, or if the director ceases to be 
qualified to act as a director.

Cumulative Voting

The  BCBCA  does  not  contemplate  cumulative  voting.  However,  consistent  with  the  Corporation’s  articles,  the 
Manager’s Articles provide for cumulative voting for the election of directors. Each holder of shares of a class or series 
of shares of the Manager entitled to vote in an election of directors has the right to cast a number of votes equal to the 
number  of  votes  attached  to  the  shares  held  by  the  holder  multiplied  by  the  number  of  directors  to  be  elected  by  the 
holder  and  the  holders  of  shares  of  the  classes  or  series  of  shares  entitled  to  vote  with  the  holder  in  the  election  of 
directors. A holder may cast all such votes in favour of one candidate or distribute such votes among the candidates in 

FORM 20-F                 147

any manner the holder sees fit. Where a holder has voted for more than one candidate without specifying the distribution 
of  votes  among  such  candidates,  the  holder  shall  be  deemed  to  have  distributed  the  holder’s  votes  equally  among  the 
candidates for whom the holder voted.

Vacancies on the Board of Directors

Under  the  BCBCA,  if  a  company’s  articles  so  provide,  the  directors  may  appoint  one  or  more  additional  directors, 
provided  that  the  number  of  additional  directors  so  appointed  may  not  exceed  one-third  of  the  number  of  the  current 
directors who were elected or appointed (excluding any such additional directors). Where a quorum of directors exists, 
the  remaining  directors  are  generally  entitled  to  fill  a  casual  vacancy  on  the  board.  The  Manager’s  Articles  do  not 
provide directors with the right to appoint additional directors. Vacancies on the Board may be filled by the directors.

Shareholder Suits

Under the BCBCA, a complainant may, with judicial leave, bring an action in the name and on behalf of the company or 
any of its subsidiaries or intervene in an action to which a company or any of its subsidiaries is a party, for the purpose of 
prosecuting, defending or discontinuing the action on behalf of the company or subsidiary. These rights only extend to 
shareholders  (in  connection  with  a  derivative  action,  the  term  “shareholder”  includes  beneficial  shareholders  and  any 
other person who the court considers to be an appropriate person to make such an application) and directors.

Oppression Remedy

Under  the  BCBCA,  a  shareholder  may  apply  to  court  for  an  order  on  the  grounds  that  the  affairs  of  the  company  are 
being  or  have  been  conducted,  or  that  the  powers  of  the  directors  are  being  or  have  been  exercised,  in  a  manner 
oppressive to one or more of the shareholders, including the applicant, or that act of the company has been done or is 
threatened, or that some resolution of the shareholders or of the shareholders holding shares of a class or series of shares 
has been passed or is proposed, that is unfairly prejudicial to one or more of the shareholders, including the applicant. 
The  oppression  remedy  is  only  available  to  shareholders  (although  in  connection  with  an  oppression  action,  the  term 
“shareholder” includes beneficial shareholders and any other person who the court considers to be an appropriate person 
to make such an application). The shareholder can complain only of oppressive conduct of the company. Pursuant to the 
BCBCA,  the  applicant  must  bring  the  application  in  a  timely  manner.  The  court  may  make  an  order  in  respect  of  the 
complaint if it is satisfied that the application was brought by the shareholder in a timely manner. Under the BCBCA, the 
court  may  make  such  order  as  it  sees  fit,  including  an  order  to  prohibit  any  act  proposed  by  the  company.  Under  the 
BCBCA, if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the company is, or after a payment to a successful applicant in 
an  oppression  claim  would  be,  unable  to  pay  its  debts  as  they  become  due  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  the 
company must make as much of the payment as possible and pay the balance when the company is able to do so.

Investigation/Appointment of Inspectors

Under the BCBCA, a company may by special resolution, appoint an inspector to conduct an investigation of the affairs 
and  management  of  the  company  and  to  report  in  the  manner  and  to  the  persons  the  resolution  directs.  Shareholders 
holding, in the aggregate, at least 20% of the issued shares of a company may apply to the court for the appointment of 
an  inspector.  The  court  must  consider  whether  there  are  reasonable  grounds  for  believing  that  (i)  the  affairs  of  the 
company are being or have been conducted, or the powers of the directors are being or have been exercised, in a manner 
that is oppressive or unfairly prejudicial to one or more shareholders; (ii) the business of the company is being or has 
been carried on with intent to defraud any person; (iii) the company was formed for a fraudulent or unlawful purpose or 
is to be dissolved for a fraudulent or unlawful purpose; or (iv) persons concerned with the formation, business or affairs 
of the company have, in connection with it, acted fraudulently or dishonestly.

Reorganizations, Mergers and Extraordinary Transactions

Under the BCBCA, various extraordinary corporate transactions, including any: amalgamation; continuance to another 
jurisdiction; sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all the property of the company, liquidation and dissolution of 
the company; changes to the authorized share structure, or reduction of the capital of the company for a class or series of 
shares,  must  be  passed  by  way  of  special  resolution.  In  certain  cases,  an  action  that  prejudices,  adds  restrictions  to  or 

148                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

interferes with a right or special right attached to issued shares of a class or series of shares must be approved separately 
by  the  holders  of  the  class  or  series  of  shares  being  affected,  by  special  resolution.  See  “—  Shareholder  Resolution 
Approvals”.

Subject  to  applicable  securities  laws,  which  may  impose  certain  tender  offer  requirements,  under  the  BCBCA, 
arrangements  with  shareholders,  creditors  and  other  persons  are  permitted  and  a  company  may  make  any  proposal  it 
considers appropriate “despite any other provision” of the BCBCA. In general, a plan of arrangement is approved by a 
company’s  board  of  directors  and  then  is  submitted  to  a  court  for  approval.  It  is  customary  for  a  company  in  such 
circumstances to apply to a court initially for an interim order governing various procedural matters prior to calling any 
security  holder  meeting  to  consider  the  proposed  arrangement.  Plans  of  arrangement  involving  shareholders  must  be 
approved  by  a  special  resolution  of  shareholders,  including  holders  of  shares  not  normally  entitled  to  vote.  The  court 
may, in respect of an arrangement proposed with persons other than shareholders and creditors, require that those persons 
approve  the  arrangement  in  the  manner  and  to  the  extent  required  by  the  court.  The  court  determines,  among  other 
things, to whom notice shall be given and whether, and in what manner, approval of any person is to be obtained and also 
determines whether any shareholders may dissent from the proposed arrangement and receive payment of the fair value 
of their shares. Following compliance with the procedural steps contemplated in any such interim order (including as to 
obtaining security holder approval), the court would conduct a final hearing, which would, among other things, assess the 
fairness of the arrangement and approve or reject the proposed arrangement.

Dissent and Appraisal Rights

Under the BCBCA, the shareholders of a British Columbia company have the right to dissent in respect of a resolution: 
(i)  to  alter  its  articles  to  alter  the  restrictions,  if  any,  on  the  powers  of  the  company  or  the  business  carried  on  by  the 
company,  (ii)  to  approve  certain  mergers,  (iii)  to  approve  an  arrangement,  the  terms  of  which  permit  dissent,  (iv)  to 
continue the company into another jurisdiction or (v) to sell, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the 
company’s undertaking. Dissent may also be permitted in respect of any other resolution if authorized by such resolution. 
A court may also make an order permitting a shareholder to dissent in certain circumstances. A shareholder who dissents 
in accordance with the BCBCA is entitled to be paid the fair value of their shares by the company.

Compulsory Acquisition

The  BCBCA  provides  a  right  of  compulsory  acquisition  for  an  offeror  that  acquires  90%  of  a  company’s  securities 
pursuant to a take-over bid or issuer bid. Specifically, the BCBCA provides that if, within 4 months after the making of 
an offer to acquire shares, or any class of shares, of a company, the offer is accepted by the holders of not less than 90% 
of the shares (other than the shares held by the offeror or an affiliate of the offeror) of any class of shares to which the 
offer relates, the offeror is entitled, upon giving proper notice within 5 months after the date of the offer, to acquire (on 
the same terms on which the offeror acquired shares from those holders of shares who accepted the offer) the shares held 
by those holders of shares of that class who did not accept the offer. The BCBCA also provides that where an offeror 
does not use the compulsory acquisition right when entitled to do so, a security holder who did not accept the original 
offer may require the offeror to acquire the security holder’s securities on the same terms contained in the original offer. 
Offerees may apply to the court, within 2 months of receiving notice, and the court may set a different price or terms of 
payment and may make any consequential orders or directions as it considers appropriate.

Transferability of Shares

Unless  the  articles  of  a  British  Columbia  company  contain  restrictions  on  the  transfer  of  shares,  under  the  BCBCA, 
shares are presumed to be freely transferrable. Following completion of the Arrangement, the Manager’s Articles do not 
contain any restriction on the transfer of shares. However, the BAM Partnership, as the sole holder of the Class B Shares, 
becomes a party to the 2022 Trust Agreement which provides, among other things, that the BAM Partnership will not 
sell any Class B Shares, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a takeover bid at a price per share in excess of 115% of the 
market price of the Class A Shares or as part of a transaction involving purchases made from more than five persons or 
companies  in  the  aggregate,  unless  a  concurrent  offer  is  made  to  all  holders  of  Class  A  Shares.  The  2022  Trust 
Agreement  also  provides  that  the  concurrent  offer  must  be:  (i)  for  the  same  percentage  of  Class  A  Shares  as  the 
percentage of Class B Shares offered to be purchased from the BAM Partnership; (ii) at a price per share at least as high 
as the highest price per share paid pursuant to the takeover bid for the Class B Shares; and (iii) on the same terms in all 

FORM 20-F                 149

material respects as the offer for the Class B Shares. These provisions in the 2022 Trust Agreement also apply to any 
transaction  that  would  be  deemed  an  indirect  offer  for  the  Class  B  Shares  under  applicable  takeover  bid  legislation  in 
Canada.  Additionally,  the  BAM  Partnership  agrees  to  prevent  any  person  or  company  from  carrying  out  a  direct  or 
indirect sale of Class B Shares in contravention of the 2022 Trust Agreement. 

10.C  MATERIAL CONTRACTS

The following are the only material contracts, other than the contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, 
which (i) have been entered into by the Manager since its formation or (ii) are otherwise material to the Manager:

•

•

•

•

•

Relationship  Agreement  dated  November  8,  2022  among  the  Corporation,  the  Manager  and  the  Asset 
Management Company, described in Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions — Relationship Agreement”. 

Voting Agreement dated December 9, 2022 between the Corporation and the Manager, described in Item 
7.B “Related Party Transactions — Voting Agreement”. 

Asset  Management  Services  Agreement  dated  November  8,  2022  between  the  Manager  and  the  Asset 
Management  Company,  described  in  Item  7.B  “Related  Party  Transactions  —  Asset  Management 
Services”. 

Transitional  Services  Agreement  dated  November  8,  2022  among  the  Corporation,  the  Manager  and  the 
Asset Management Company, described in Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions — Transitional Services 
Agreement”. 

2022  Trust  Agreement  dated  December  9,  2022  between  the  Manager,  BAM  Partnership  and 
Computershare  Trust  Company  of  Canada,  described  in  Item  10.B  “Memorandum  and  Articles  of 
Association — Class A Shares and Class B Shares — Other Provisions”. 

• Manager Credit Facility dated November 8, 2022 between the Manager and Asset Management Company, 

described in Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions — Manager Credit Facility”.

•

•

Tax  Matters  Agreement  dated  December  8,  2022  among  the  Corporation,  the  Manager  and  the  Asset 
Management Company, described in Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions — Tax Matters Agreement”.

Trademark  Sublicense  Agreement  dated  December  9,  2022  between  the  Manager  and  the  Corporation, 
described in Item 7.B “Related Party Transactions — Trademark Sublicense Agreement”.

Copies of the agreements noted above will be provided, free of charge, by the Manager and, have been filed as exhibits 
to this Form 20-F and are available electronically on our EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov and on our SEDAR profile at 
www.sedar.com. Written requests for such documents should be directed to our Corporate Secretary at Brookfield Place, 
181 Bay Street, Suite 100, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2T3, Canada, Tel: 416-363-9491.

10.D 

EXCHANGE CONTROLS

There are currently no governmental laws, decrees, regulations or other legislation of Canada or the United States which 
restrict the import or export of capital, including the availability of cash and cash equivalents for use by our group and 
their subsidiaries, or the remittance of distributions, interest or other payments to non-residents of Canada or the United 
States holding the Class A Shares.

10.E 

TAXATION

Certain Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

The  following  discussion  summarizes  certain  material  U.S.  federal  income  tax  considerations  generally  applicable  to 
U.S. Holders (as defined below) with respect to the ownership and disposition of Class A Shares as at the date hereof. 

150                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

This discussion only addresses persons that hold Class A Shares as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes 
(generally,  property  held  for  investment).  This  discussion  does  not  address  the  tax  consequences  to  U.S.  Holders  that 
receive distributions on Class A Shares other than in U.S. dollars. This discussion does not constitute tax advice and does 
not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to particular holders of Class A Shares in 
light of their personal circumstances, or to any holders subject to special treatment under the Code, such as:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

banks and other financial institutions; 

real estate investment trusts and regulated investment companies; 

traders in securities who elect to apply a mark-to-market method of accounting; 

tax-exempt organizations or governmental organizations; 

insurance companies; 

dealers or brokers in securities or foreign currency; 

individual retirement and other tax-deferred accounts; 

persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; 

U.S. expatriates and former citizens or long-term residents of the United States; 

persons subject to the alternative minimum tax; 

persons subject to the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income; 

persons who own or have owned (directly, indirectly, or constructively) 10% or more of the total voting power 
of all classes of shares entitled to vote or of the total value of all classes of shares of the Manager; 

persons  who  hold  their  Class  A  Shares  as  part  of  a  straddle,  hedging,  conversion,  constructive  sale,  or  other 
risk-reduction transaction; 

persons who purchase or sell their Class A Shares as part of a wash sale for tax purposes; 

partnerships  or  other  entities  or  arrangements  classified  as  partnerships  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax  purposes 
(and investors therein); 

persons who are subject to special tax accounting rules under Section 451(b) of the Code; and 

persons  who  received  their  Class  A  Shares  through  the  exercise  of  employee  stock  options  or  otherwise  as 
compensation or through a tax-qualified retirement plan. 

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of Class A Shares that for U.S. federal income tax 
purposes is: 

•

•

•

an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; 

a  corporation  (or  other  entity  classified  as  a  corporation  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax  purposes)  created  or 
organized in the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; 

an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or 

FORM 20-F                 151

•

a trust if (i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of 
the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) 
the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person for 
U.S. federal income tax purposes. 

If a partnership, including for this purpose any arrangement or entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal 
income tax purposes, holds Class A Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend upon 
the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Holders that are partnerships for U.S. federal income tax 
purposes and the partners in such partnerships are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income 
tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of Class A Shares. This discussion is based on current provisions of 
the  Code,  the  Regulations  promulgated  thereunder  (the  ("Treasury  Regulations"),  judicial  decisions,  published 
positions of the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to 
change, possibly with retroactive effect, and to differing interpretations. 

This discussion does not address all U.S. federal tax laws (such as estate or gift tax laws), nor does it address any aspects 
of  U.S.  state  or  local  or  non-U.S.  taxation.  There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  IRS  will  not  challenge  the  conclusions 
reflected herein or that a court would not sustain any such challenge. 

This discussion is for informational purposes only and is not tax advice. Holders of Class A Shares are urged to 
consult  their  tax  advisers  regarding  the  U.S.  federal  income  tax  consequences  to  them  of  the  ownership  and 
disposition of Class A Shares in light of their particular circumstances, as well as any tax consequences arising 
under  the  U.S.  federal  tax  laws  other  than  those  pertaining  to  income  tax,  including  estate  or  gift  tax  laws,  or 
under any state, local, or non-U.S. tax laws or any applicable income tax treaty.  

Tax Consequences of the Ownership and Disposition of Class A Shares 

Distributions on Class A Shares 

Subject  to  the  discussion  below  under  Passive  Foreign  Investment  Company  Considerations”,  the  gross  amount  of  a 
distribution paid to a U.S. Holder with respect to Class A Shares (without reduction for any Canadian tax withheld from 
such  distribution)  will  be  included  in  the  holder’s  gross  income  as  a  dividend  to  the  extent  paid  out  of  the  current  or 
accumulated earnings and profits of the Manager, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. To the extent 
that the amount of a distribution exceeds the current and accumulated earnings and profits of the Manager, the excess 
would be treated as a recovery of basis to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in Class A Shares and then as capital gain. 
The  Manager  currently  does  not  intend  to  calculate  its  earnings  and  profits  under  U.S.  federal  income  tax  principles. 
Accordingly, U.S. Holders should expect distributions to be reported as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes. 

Dividends received by individuals and certain other non-corporate U.S. Holders of Class A Shares readily tradable on the 
NYSE generally will be “qualified dividend income” subject to tax at preferential rates applicable to long-term capital 
gains, provided that such holders meet certain holding period and other requirements and the Manager is not treated as a 
PFIC for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or for the preceding taxable year. Dividends on Class A Shares 
generally  will  not  be  eligible  for  the  dividends-received  deduction  allowed  to  U.S.  shareholders  that  are  treated  as 
corporations for U.S. federal tax purposes. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the application 
of the relevant rules in light of their particular circumstances. 

Dividends paid by the Manager generally will constitute foreign-source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. 
Accordingly,  any  Canadian  federal  withholding  tax  assessed  on  dividends  received  by  U.S.  Holders  may,  subject  to 
certain  limitations,  be  claimed  as  a  foreign  tax  credit  or  as  a  deduction  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax  purposes. 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the rules relating to foreign tax credits are complex, and the availability of a foreign tax 
credit depends on numerous factors. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the availability of the 
foreign tax credit with respect to their particular circumstances. 

152                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Shares 

Subject  to  the  discussion  below  under  Passive  Foreign  Investment  Company  Considerations”,  a  U.S.  Holder  will 
recognize  taxable  gain  or  loss  upon  the  sale,  exchange,  or  other  taxable  disposition  of  Class  A  Shares  equal  to  the 
difference, if any, between the amount realized for the Class A Shares and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Class A 
Shares. The amount realized will equal the amount of cash, if any, plus the fair market value of any property received in 
exchange for the Class A Shares. Any such capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s 
holding period for the Class A Shares exceeds one year at the time of the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition. 
Gain or loss, as well as the holding period for the Class A Shares, will be determined separately for each block of Class 
A  Shares  (that  is,  shares  acquired  at  the  same  cost  in  a  single  transaction)  sold  or  otherwise  subject  to  a  taxable 
disposition. Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder generally will be treated as U.S.-source gain or loss for foreign tax 
credit limitation purposes. Long-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders that 
have held their Class A Shares for more than one year, currently are eligible for preferential tax rates. The deductibility 
of capital losses is subject to limitations. 

Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations 

Certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences generally apply to a U.S. person that owns stock of a non-U.S. 
corporation  that  is  treated  as  a  PFIC  for  any  taxable  year  during  the  U.S.  person’s  holding  period  for  the  stock.  In 
general, a non-U.S. corporation will be a PFIC during a taxable year if (i) 75% or more of its gross income constitutes 
passive  income  or  (ii)  50%  or  more  of  its  assets  produce,  or  are  held  for  the  production  of,  passive  income.  Passive 
income generally includes interest, dividends, and other investment income. For these purposes, a non-U.S. corporation 
that owns, directly or indirectly, at least 25% of the value of the stock of another corporation, or at least 25% of the value 
of the interests in a partnership, generally is treated as if it received directly its proportionate share of the income, and 
held its proportionate share of the assets, of the other corporation or partnership. 

Based on its current and expected income, assets, and activities, the Manager does not expect to be classified as a PFIC 
for the current taxable year or in the foreseeable future. However, the determination of whether the Manager is a PFIC 
depends  upon  the  composition  of  its  income  and  assets  and  the  nature  of  its  activities  from  time  to  time  and  must  be 
made annually as of the close of each taxable year. The PFIC determination also depends on the application of complex 
U.S.  federal  income  tax  rules  that  are  subject  to  differing  interpretations.  Thus,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the 
Manager will not be classified as a PFIC for any taxable year, or that the IRS or a court will agree with the Manager’s 
determination as to its PFIC status. 

If,  contrary  to  expectation,  the  Manager  were  a  PFIC  for  any  taxable  year  during  a  U.S.  Holder’s  holding  period  for 
Class A Shares, then the holder would be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” (as defined 
below) received by the holder and any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder upon the sale or other disposition of the Class 
A  Shares,  unless  the  U.S.  Holder  were  to  make  a  valid  QEF  Election  or  Mark-to-Market  Election  (each  as  defined 
below). Distributions received by a U.S. Holder in a taxable year that exceed 125% of the average annual distributions 
received by the holder during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or the holder’s holding period for the Class 
A Shares would be treated as “excess distributions”. Under these special tax rules:

•

•

•

the excess distribution or gain would be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A 
Shares; 

the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year in the U.S. Holder’s holding period prior 
to the first taxable year in which the Manager is a PFIC, would be treated as ordinary income; and 

the amount allocated to each other taxable year would be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for individuals 
or corporations, as applicable, for each such year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments 
of tax would be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year. 

In addition, if the Manager were classified as a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder, to the extent any of the Manager’s 
subsidiaries were also PFICs, the U.S. Holder might be deemed to own shares in any such lower-tier PFICs directly or 
indirectly owned by the Manager in that proportion which the value of the Class A Shares owned by the holder bears to 

FORM 20-F                 153

the  value  of  all  of  the  Manager’s  outstanding  shares,  and  the  holder  therefore  might  be  subject  to  the  adverse  tax 
consequences described above with respect to the shares of such lower-tier PFICs deemed owned by the U.S. Holder. 

Certain elections may be available to mitigate the adverse tax consequences of PFIC status described above. If a U.S. 
Holder were to elect to treat its interest in the Manager as a “qualified electing fund” (the “QEF Election”) for the first 
year the holder were treated as holding such interest, then in lieu of the tax consequences described above, the holder 
would be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the Manager, 
even  if  not  distributed  to  the  holder.  A  QEF  Election  must  be  made  by  a  U.S.  Holder  on  an  entity-by-entity  basis. 
However, a U.S. Holder may make a QEF Election with respect to Class A Shares (or shares of any lower-tier PFIC) 
only if the Manager furnishes certain tax information to such holder annually, and there can be no assurance that such 
information will be provided. 

In lieu of making a QEF Election, a U.S. Holder may avoid the unfavourable rules described above by making a “Mark-
to-Market  Election”  with  respect  to  the  holder’s  Class  A  Shares.  The  Mark-to-Market  Election  is  available  only  for 
“marketable  stock”,  which  is  stock  regularly  traded  on  certain  qualified  exchanges,  including  the  NYSE.  For  these 
purposes, the Class A Shares generally will be considered regularly traded during any calendar year during which they 
are  traded,  other  than  in  de  minimis  quantities,  on  at  least  15  days  during  each  calendar  quarter.  There  can  be  no 
assurance  that  trading  in  the  Class  A  Shares  will  be  sufficiently  regular  for  the  shares  to  qualify  as  marketable  stock. 
Moreover, the Manager generally does not expect the Mark-to-Market Election to be available with respect to any non-
U.S. subsidiary of the Manager classified as a PFIC. In general, if a U.S. Holder were to make a timely and effective 
Mark-to-Market Election, the holder would include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market 
value of the holder’s Class A Shares at the end of the taxable year over its adjusted basis in Class A Shares. Any gain 
recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of Class A Shares would be ordinary income, and any loss 
would  be  an  ordinary  loss  to  the  extent  of  the  net  amount  of  previously  included  income  as  a  result  of  the  Mark-to-
Market Election and, thereafter, a capital loss. 

Subject to certain exceptions, a U.S. person who owns an interest in a PFIC generally is required to file an annual report 
on IRS Form 8621, and the failure to file such report could result in the imposition of penalties on the U.S. person and 
the extension of the statute of limitations with respect to federal income tax returns filed by the U.S. person. U.S. Holders 
are  urged  to  consult  their  tax  advisers  regarding  the  application  of  the  PFIC  rules,  including  the  foregoing  filing 
requirements and the advisability of making any available election under the PFIC rules, with respect to their ownership 
and disposition of the Class A Shares. 

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding 

Distributions on Class A Shares made to a U.S. Holder and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of Class A Shares 
generally  will  be  subject  to  tax  information  reporting  and  may,  under  certain  circumstances,  be  subject  to  backup 
withholding,  unless  the  holder    provides  proof  of  an  applicable  exemption  or  furnishes  its    taxpayer  identification 
number,  and  otherwise  complies  with  all  applicable  requirements  of  the  backup  withholding  tax  rules.  Backup 
withholding is not an additional tax, and it generally will be allowed as a refund or credit against a holder’s U.S. federal 
income tax liability, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. 

Foreign Financial Asset Reporting 

Certain U.S. persons are required to report information relating to interests in “specified foreign financial assets” on IRS 
Form 8938. A U.S. Holder’s interest in Class A Shares may be subject to such reporting, subject to certain exceptions 
(including an exception for Class A Shares held in accounts maintained by certain financial institutions). The failure to 
report such information could result in the imposition of penalties on the U.S. Holder and the extension of the statute of 
limitations with respect to U.S. federal income tax returns filed by the U.S. Holder. U.S. Holders are urged to consult 
their tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, of this reporting requirement on their ownership and disposition of Class A 
Shares.

154                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Certain Material Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations

The following describes certain material Canadian federal income tax consequences with respect to the receipt, holding 
and disposition of Class A Shares acquired by a shareholder who as beneficial owner, and who at all relevant times, for 
the purposes of the Tax Act, (i) deals at arm’s length and is not affiliated with the Manager and (ii) holds the Class A 
Shares  as  capital  property  (a  “Holder”).  Generally,  the  Class  A  Shares  will  be  considered  to  be  capital  property  to  a 
Holder provided the Holder does not hold such shares in the course of carrying on a business of trading or dealing in 
securities and has not acquired them in one or more transactions considered to be an adventure or concern in the nature 
of trade.

This  summary  is  based  upon  the  current  provisions  of  the  Tax  Act  and  the  regulations  thereunder,  and  the  Manager’s 
understanding of the current administrative policies and assessing practices of the CRA published in writing prior to the 
date hereof. This summary takes into account all specific proposals to amend the Tax Act and the regulations thereunder 
publicly  announced  by  or  on  behalf  of  the  Minister  of  Finance  (Canada)  prior  to  the  date  hereof  (the  “Proposed 
Amendments”)  and  assumes  that  all  Proposed  Amendments  will  be  enacted  in  the  form  proposed.  However,  no 
assurances can be given that the Proposed Amendments will be enacted as proposed, or at all. This summary does not 
otherwise take into account or anticipate any changes in law or administrative policy or assessing practice whether by 
legislative, administrative or judicial action or decision, nor does it take into account tax legislation or considerations of 
any province, territory or foreign jurisdiction, which may differ from those discussed herein.

This summary is not applicable to a holder: (i) that is a “specified financial institution”, (ii) an interest in which would be 
a  “tax  shelter  investment”  or  who  acquires  Class  A  Shares  as  a  “tax  shelter  investment”,  (iii)  that  is  a  “financial 
institution” for purposes of the “mark-to-market property” rules, (iv) that reports its “Canadian tax results” in a currency 
other than Canadian currency, or (v) that has entered or will enter into a “derivative forward agreement” or a “dividend 
rental arrangement” in respect of the Class A Shares (each as defined in the Tax Act). Such holders should consult their 
own tax advisors. This summary does not address the deductibility of interest on money borrowed to acquire Class A 
Shares.

This summary is of a general nature only and is not, and is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or 
tax advice to any particular Holder, and no representation concerning the tax consequences to any particular Holder or 
prospective  Holder  are  made.  This  summary  is  not  exhaustive  of  all  Canadian  federal  income  tax  considerations. 
Accordingly,  prospective  Holders  should  consult  their  own  tax  advisors  with  respect  to  an  investment  in  the  Class  A 
Shares having regard to their particular circumstances.

Generally,  for  purposes  of  the  Tax  Act,  all  amounts  relating  to  the  acquisition,  holding  or  disposition  or  deemed 
disposition of Class A Shares must be expressed in Canadian currency. Amounts denominated in another currency must 
be converted into Canadian currency using the applicable rate of exchange (pursuant to the Tax Act) quoted by the Bank 
of Canada on the date such amounts arose, or such other rate of exchange as is acceptable to the CRA.

Taxation of Holders Resident in Canada

The following portion of the summary is applicable to a Holder who is resident or deemed to be resident in Canada under the 
Tax Act (a “Resident Holder”). Certain Resident Holders may be entitled to make, or may have already made, the irrevocable 
election permitted by subsection 39(4) of the Tax Act, the effect of which may be to deem any such Class A Shares (and all 
other “Canadian securities”, as defined in the Tax Act) owned by such Resident Holder to be capital property in the taxation 
year  in  which  the  election  is  made  and  in  all  subsequent  taxation  years.  Resident  Holders  whose  Class  A  Shares  might  not 
otherwise be considered to be capital property should consult their own tax advisors concerning this election.

Dividends on the Class A Shares

Taxable dividends received on the Class A Shares by a Resident Holder will be included in computing the Resident Holder’s 
income.

Taxable dividends received on the Class A Shares by a Resident Holder who is an individual (other than in respect of certain 
trusts)  will  be  included  in  computing  the  Resident  Holder’s  income  subject  to  the  gross-up  and  dividend  tax  credit  rules 
normally applicable under the Tax Act to taxable dividends received from taxable Canadian corporations. Such dividends will 

FORM 20-F                 155

be eligible for the enhanced gross-up and dividend tax credit if the Manager designates the dividends as “eligible dividends”. 
There may be limitations on the Manager’s ability to designate taxable dividends as eligible dividends.

Subject  to  the  potential  application  of  subsection  55(2)  of  the  Tax  Act,  dividends  received  or  deemed  to  be  received  on  the 
Class A Shares by a Resident Holder that is a corporation will be included in the Resident Holder’s income and will generally 
be deductible by the Resident Holder in computing its taxable income. Certain corporations, including private corporations or 
subject corporations may be liable to pay a refundable tax under Part IV of the Tax Act on dividends received or deemed to be 
received on the Class A Shares to the extent that such dividends are deductible in computing taxable income.

Subsection  55(2)  of  the  Tax  Act  provides  that  where  a  corporate  Resident  Holder  receives  a  dividend  and  such  dividend  is 
deductible in computing the corporate Resident Holder’s income and is not subject to Part IV tax or is subject to Part IV tax 
that is refundable as part of the series of transactions that includes the receipt of the dividend, all or part of the dividend may in 
certain circumstances be treated as a capital gain from the disposition of a capital property, the taxable portion of which must 
be  included  in  computing  the  corporate  Resident  Holder’s  income  for  the  year  in  which  the  dividend  was  received. 
Accordingly, corporate Resident Holders should consult their own tax advisors having regard to their own circumstances.

A Resident Holder which is a “private corporation” (as defined in the Tax Act) or any other corporation controlled directly or 
indirectly by or for the benefit of an individual (other than a trust) or a related group of individuals (other than trusts) may be 
liable to pay a refundable tax under Part IV of the Tax Act, generally imposed at the rate of 38 1/3%, on taxable dividends 
received on the Class A Shares, to the extent that such dividends are deductible in computing its taxable income.

Taxable dividends or capital gains dividends paid to a Resident Holder that is an individual (other than certain trusts) may give 
rise to a liability for alternative minimum tax.

A Resident Holder that is throughout the relevant taxation year a “Canadian-controlled private corporation” (as defined in the 
Tax Act) will be liable to pay an additional refundable tax on its “aggregate investment income”, which includes an amount in 
respect of dividends or deemed dividends that are not deductible in computing taxable income. The additional tax and refund 
mechanism in respect of “aggregate investment income” would also apply to “substantive CCPCs”, as defined in the Proposed 
Amendments. Resident Holders are advised to consult their own tax advisors in this regard.

Resident Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors as to the availability of a credit against their federal income tax 
liability or a deduction from income under the Tax Act in the event of any future U.S. federal withholding tax on dividends.

Dispositions of the Class A Shares

A  disposition  or  deemed  disposition  of  Class  A  Shares  (other  than  to  the  Manager,  unless  purchased  by  the  Manager  in  the 
open  market  in  the  manner  in  which  shares  are  normally  purchased  by  any  member  of  the  public  in  the  open  market)  by  a 
Resident  Holder  will  generally  result  in  a  capital  gain  (or  a  capital  loss)  equal  to  the  amount  by  which  the  proceeds  of 
disposition  exceed  (or  are  exceeded  by)  the  aggregate  of  the  Resident  Holder’s  adjusted  cost  base  of  such  shares  and  any 
reasonable  costs  of  disposition.  For  this  purpose,  the  adjusted  cost  base  to  a  Resident  Holder  of  Class  A  Shares  will  be 
determined at any time by averaging the cost of such Class A Shares with the adjusted cost base of any other Class A Shares 
owned by the Resident Holder as capital property at that time.

In general, one-half of a capital gain realized by a Resident Holder in a taxation year must be included in income as a “taxable 
capital  gain”.  One-half  of  a  capital  loss  realized  by  a  Resident  Holder  in  a  taxation  year  generally  must  be  deducted  as  an 
“allowable capital loss” against taxable capital gains realized in the year. Allowable capital losses in excess of taxable capital 
gains  realized  in  a  taxation  year  may  be  carried  back  and  deducted  in  any  of  the  three  preceding  taxation  years  or  carried 
forward  and  deducted  in  any  subsequent  taxation  year  against  net  taxable  capital  gains  realized  in  such  years  in  accordance 
with the provisions of the Tax Act.

The amount of any capital loss realized by a Resident Holder that is a corporation on the disposition of a Class A Share may be 
reduced by the amount of any dividends received or deemed to be received by the Resident Holder on such Class A Share to 
the extent and under the circumstances described in the Tax Act. Similar rules may apply where a Class A Share is owned by a 
partnership  or  trust  of  which  a  corporation,  partnership  or  trust  is  a  member  or  beneficiary.  Such  Resident  Holders  should 
consult their own advisors.

A taxable capital gain realized by a Resident Holder that is an individual (other than certain trusts) may give rise to a liability 
for alternative minimum tax.

156                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

A Resident Holder that is throughout the relevant taxation year a “Canadian-controlled private corporation” (as defined in the 
Tax Act) will be liable to pay an additional refundable tax on its “aggregate investment income”, which includes an amount in 
respect  of  net  taxable  capital  gains.  The  additional  tax  and  refund  mechanism  in  respect  of  “aggregate  investment  income” 
would also apply to “substantive CCPCs”, as defined in the Proposed Amendments. Resident Holders are advised to consult 
their own tax advisors in this regard.

Eligibility for Investment

Based  on  the  current  provisions  of  the  Tax  Act,  provided  that  the  Class  A  Shares  are  listed  on  a  “designated  stock 
exchange” (as defined in the Tax Act, which currently includes the TSX and the NYSE), the Class A Shares will be qualified 
investments under the Tax Act for a trust governed by a Tax-Free Savings Account (“TFSA”), Registered Disability Savings 
Plan  (“RDSP”),  Registered  Retirement  Savings  Plan  (“RRSP”),  Registered  Retirement  Income  Fund  (“RRIF”),  Registered 
Education Savings Plan (“RESP”), or deferred profit sharing plan.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the holder of a TFSA or RDSP, the annuitant under an RRSP or RRIF or the subscriber of an 
RESP, as the case may be, will be subject to a penalty tax if such Class A Shares held in the TFSA, RDSP, RRSP, RRIF or 
RESP are a “prohibited investment” and not an “excluded property” (each as defined in subsection 207.01(1) of the Tax Act) 
for  the  TFSA,  RDSP,  RRSP,  RRIF  or  RESP,  as  the  case  may  be.  Generally,  the  Class  A  Shares  will  not  be  a  “prohibited 
investment” if the holder of the TFSA or RDSP, the annuitant under the RRSP or RRIF or the subscriber of the RESP, as the 
case  may  be,  deals  at  arm’s  length  with  the  Manager  for  purposes  of  the  Tax  Act  and  does  not  have  a  “significant 
interest”  (within  the  meaning  of  subsection  207.01(4)  of  the  Tax  Act)  in  the  Manager.  Generally,  such  holder,  annuitant  or 
subscriber, as the case may be, will not have a significant interest in the Manager provided the holder, annuitant or subscriber, 
together with persons with whom the holder, annuitant or subscriber does not deal at arm’s length, does not own (and is not 
deemed to own pursuant to the Tax Act) directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the issued shares of any class of the capital stock 
of  the  Manager  or  of  any  corporation  that  is  related  to  the  Manager  (for  purposes  of  the  Tax  Act).  Holders,  annuitants  or 
subscribers should be aware that exchanges at the request of holders of Class A Shares may impact the percentage of total Class 
A Shares held by such holders, annuitants or subscribers.

Holders  of  TFSAs  or  RDSPs,  annuitants  under  RRSPs  or  RRIFs  and  subscribers  of  RESPs  should  consult  their  own  tax 
advisors as to whether such securities will be such a “prohibited investment”, including with respect to whether the Class A 
Shares would be “excluded property” for purposes of such rules in their particular circumstances.

Taxation of Holders Not Resident in Canada

The following portion of the summary is generally applicable to a Holder who, at all relevant times for the purposes of the Tax 
Act, is not, and is not deemed to be, resident in Canada and does not use or hold the Class A Shares in a business carried on in 
Canada  (a  “Non-Resident  Holder”).  Special  rules,  which  are  not  discussed  in  this  summary,  may  apply  to  a  Non-Resident 
Holder that is an insurer that carries on an insurance business in Canada and elsewhere.

Dividends on the Class A Shares

Dividends paid or credited, or deemed to be paid or credited, on Class A Shares by the Manager to a Non-Resident Holder will 
be subject to Canadian withholding tax under Part XIII of the Tax Act at the rate of 25%, subject to a possible reduction under 
the terms of an applicable income tax treaty or convention. For example, the rate of withholding tax applicable to a dividend 
paid on a Class A Share to a Non-Resident Holder who is a resident of the United States for purposes of the Canada-United 
States Income Tax Convention (1980), as amended (the “Convention”), beneficially owns the dividend and is fully entitled to 
the benefits of the Convention, will generally be reduced to 15% (or 5% in certain cases where such Non-Resident Holder is a 
corporation  that  beneficially  owns  at  least  10%  of  the  Manager’s  voting  shares).  Non-Resident  Holders  should  consult  their 
own tax advisors in this regard.

Dispositions of the Class A Shares

A Non-Resident Holder will not be subject to tax under the Tax Act on any capital gain realized on a disposition or deemed 
disposition of a Class A Share, unless the Class A Share constitutes taxable Canadian property of the Non-Resident Holder for 
purposes  of  the  Tax  Act  at  the  time  of  the  disposition  or  deemed  disposition  and  the  Non-Resident  Holder  is  not  entitled  to 
relief  under  an  applicable  income  tax  convention  between  Canada  and  the  country  in  which  the  Non-Resident  Holder  is 

FORM 20-F                 157

resident. The circumstances under which a Class A Share will constitute taxable Canadian property of a Non-Resident Holder 
are discussed below.

In the event that the Class A Shares constitute taxable Canadian property of a Non-Resident Holder and any capital gain that 
would be realized on the disposition thereof is not exempt from tax under the Tax Act pursuant to an applicable income tax 
treaty  or  convention  between  Canada  and  the  country  in  which  the  Non-Resident  Holder  is  resident,  then  the  income  tax 
consequences  discussed  above  for  Resident  Holders  under  “Taxation  of  Holders  Resident  in  Canada  —Dispositions  of  the 
Class A Shares” will generally apply to the Non-Resident Holder.

Provided that the Class A Shares are listed on a “designated stock exchange” (as defined in the Tax Act and which currently 
includes the TSX and the NYSE), the Class A Shares will generally not constitute taxable Canadian property of a Non-Resident 
Holder at a particular time unless, at any time during the sixty-month period immediately preceding that time, the following 
two  conditions  are  met  concurrently:  (a)  25%  or  more  of  the  issued  shares  of  any  class  of  the  Manager  were  owned  by  or 
belonged to one or any combination of (i) the Non-Resident Holder, (ii) persons with whom the Non-Resident Holder did not 
deal at arm’s length, and (iii) partnerships in which the Non- Resident Holder or persons with whom the Non-Resident Holder 
did not deal at arm’s length holds a membership interest, directly or indirectly through one or more other partnerships; and (b) 
more than 50% of the fair market value of the Class A Shares was derived directly or indirectly from one or any combination 
of:  (i)  real  or  immovable  property  situated  in  Canada,  (ii)  “Canadian  resource  properties”  (as  defined  in  the  Tax  Act),  (iii) 
“timber  resource  properties”  (as  defined  in  the  Tax  Act),  and  (iv)  options  in  respect  of,  or  interests  or  rights  in,  property 
described in (i) to (iii), whether or not the property exists. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in certain circumstances set out in the 
Tax Act, the Class A Shares may be deemed to be taxable Canadian property of a Non-Resident Holder.

The Manager expects that the Class A Shares will not constitute taxable Canadian property at any relevant time because none 
of the conditions in (b) above are expected to be met at any relevant time.

Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  in  certain  circumstances  set  out  in  the  Tax  Act,  the  Class  A  Shares  may  be  deemed  to  be 
“taxable  Canadian  property”.  Non-Resident  Holders  for  whom  Class  A  Shares  may  constitute  “taxable  Canadian  property” 
should consult their own tax advisors.

10.F 

DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS

Not applicable.

10.G 

STATEMENT OF EXPERTS

Not applicable.

10.H  DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY

Any  statement  in  this  Form  20-F  about  any  of  our  contracts  or  other  documents  is  not  necessarily  complete.  If  the 
contract  or  document  is  filed  as  an  exhibit  to  this  Form  20-F  the  contract  or  document  is  deemed  to  modify  the 
description  contained  in  this  Form  20-F.  You  must  review  the  exhibits  themselves  for  a  complete  description  of  the 
contract or document.

As a foreign private issuer under the SEC’s regulations, we will file annual reports on Form 20-F and other reports on 
Form 6-K. The information disclosed in our reports may be less extensive than that required to be disclosed in annual 
and quarterly reports on Forms 10-K and 10-Q required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. issuers. Moreover, as a foreign 
private issuer, we are not subject to the proxy requirements under Section 14 of the Exchange Act, and our directors and 
principal shareholders are not subject to the insider short swing profit reporting and recovery rules under Section 16 of 
the Exchange Act.

The contracts and other documents referred to in this Form 20-F, and our SEC filings are and will be available on our 
EDGAR  profile  at  www.sec.gov,  and  certain  of 
these  documents  are  also  available  on  our  website  at 
bamr.brookfield.com. 

In addition, the Manager is required to file documents required by Canadian securities laws electronically with Canadian 
securities  regulatory  authorities  and  these  filings  are  available  on  the  Manager’s  SEDAR  profile  at  www.sedar.com. 

158                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Written requests for such documents should be directed to Corporate Secretary at Brookfield Place, 181 Bay Street, Suite 
100, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2T3, Canada, Tel: 416-363-9491.

10.I 

SUBSIDIARY INFORMATION

Not applicable.

ITEM 11. 

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See the information contained in this Form 20-F under Item 5.A “Operating Results—Market Risk”.

ITEM 12. 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

Not applicable.

FORM 20-F                 159

ITEM 13. 

DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES  

PART II

None.

ITEM 14. 

Not applicable.

MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF 
PROCEEDS  

ITEM 15. 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of December 31, 2022, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Manager’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as 
defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) was carried out under the supervision and with the 
participation  of  persons  performing  the  functions  of  principal  executive  and  principal  financial  officers  for  us  and  the 
Service Providers. Based upon that evaluation, the persons performing the functions of principal executive and principal 
financial  officers  for  us  have  concluded  that,  as  of  December  31,  2022,  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  were 
effective:  (i)  to  ensure  that  information  required  to  be  disclosed  by  us  in  the  reports  that  we  file  or  submit  under  the 
Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and 
forms; and (ii) to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the 
Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the persons performing the functions of 
principal executive and principal financial officers for us, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

It  should  be  noted  that  while  the  Manager’s  management,  including  persons  performing  the  functions  of  principal 
executive  and  principal  financial  officers  for  us,  believe  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  provide  a  reasonable 
level  of  assurance  that  such  controls  and  procedures  are  effective,  they  do  not  expect  that  our  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures or internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived or 
operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

This Form 20-F does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting 
or an attestation report of the Manager’s independent registered public accountants due to a transition period established 
by the rules of the SEC for newly public companies.

Changes in Internal Control

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2022, that has 
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 16. 

RESERVED

16.A  AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

The Board has determined that Marcel R. Coutu possesses specific accounting and financial management expertise, is 
the audit committee financial expert as defined by the SEC, and is independent within the meaning of the rules of the 
NYSE. The Board has also determined that other members of the Audit Committee have sufficient experience and ability 
in finance and compliance matters to enable them to adequately discharge their responsibilities.

16.B  CODE OF ETHICS

The Board has adopted the Code of Conduct, a copy of which is available on the Manager’s SEDAR profile at 
www.sedar.com and EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov, and has been filed as an exhibit to this Form 20-F. The Code of 
Conduct is also available on our website at https://bam.brookfield.com. See Item 6.C “Board Practices—Code of 

160                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Business Conduct and Ethics”. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not 
incorporated by reference into this Form 20-F.

16.C 

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The  Manager  has  retained  Deloitte  LLP  (PCAOB  ID  No.  1208)  to  act  as  our  independent  registered  chartered 
accountants.

The table below summarizes the fees for professional services rendered by Deloitte LLP (PCAOB ID No. 1208) for the 
audit of our annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022. A majority of the fees to Deloitte LLP 
are  billed  and  settled  in  Canadian  dollars.  In  order  to  provide  comparability  with  our  financial  statements,  which  are 
reported  in  U.S.  dollars,  all  Canadian  dollar  amounts  in  the  table  have  been  converted  to  U.S.  dollars  at  an  average 
annual rate.

(THOUSANDS)
Audit Fees (1)
Audit-related fees (2)
Tax fees (3)
All other fees(4)

     ............................................................................................................................................................ $ 
     .................................................................................................................................................  
    ................................................................................................................................................................  
    ........................................................................................................................................................  
$ 

2022

1,465 
— 
— 
— 
1,465 

(1)  Audit fees include fees for the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements. This fee also includes fees for 

the audit for certain subsidiaries and equity method investments. 

(2)  Audit-related  fees  relate  primarily  to  services  pertaining  to  financial  due  diligence,  capital  market  transactions, 
Sarbanes-Oxley readiness activities, Form 20-F and other securities related matters. Audit-related fees also include 
other services.

(3)  Includes professional services related to tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning in connection with domestic 
and  foreign  operations  and  corresponding  tax  implications.  Our  audit  committee  pre-approves  all  audit  and  non-
audit services provided to us by Deloitte LLP.

(4)  Includes fees for products and services other than audit fees, audit-related fees and tax fees described above.

16.D 

EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEE

None.

16.E 

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

The  Manager  may  from  time-to-time,  subject  to  applicable  law,  purchase  Class  A  Shares  for  cancellation  in  the  open 
market,  provided  that  any  necessary  approval  has  been  obtained.  No  such  purchases  were  made  in  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2022.  On  January  9,  2023,  the  Manager  announced  the  TSX  approval  of  a  normal  course  issuer  bid  to 
purchase up to 10% of the public float of each series of the Manager's outstanding Class A shares that are listed on the 
TSX through open market purchases on the TSX. Under the bid, which commenced on January 11, 2023, and is set to 
expire on January 10, 2024. The Manager has not purchased any Class A preference shares as at the date of this Form 
20-F. 

16.F 

CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

None.

FORM 20-F                 161

16.G  CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Pursuant  to  certain  exceptions  for  foreign  private  issuers,  we  are  not  required  to  comply  with  certain  of  the  corporate 
governance practices followed by U.S. domestic companies under the NYSE listing standards. The NYSE rules do not 
require a listed company that is a foreign private issuer to have a board of directors that is comprised of a majority of 
independent directors. The Board is not required by Canadian securities laws to be, and is currently not, comprised of a 
majority of independent directors. However, the Board is expected to be comprised of a majority of directors that satisfy 
the independence standards established by the NYSE for our next annual report.

The Manager may, in the future, elect to follow its home country laws for certain of its corporate governance practices, 
as permitted by the rules of the NYSE.

16.H  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

16.I 

DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

162                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

PART III

ITEM 17. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 18. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

See  the  audited  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Manager,  the  audited  consolidated  and  combined  financial 
statements  of  the  Asset  Management  Company,  and  the  audited  combined  and  consolidated  financial  statements  of 
Oaktree, in each case prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, beginning on page F-1 of this Form 20-F, which are filed 
as part of this Form 20-F.

ITEM 19. 

EXHIBITS

See  the  audited  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Manager,  the  audited  consolidated  and  combined  financial 
statements of the Asset Management Company, and the audited combined consolidated financial statements of Oaktree, 
in each case prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, beginning on page F-1 of this Form 20-F, which are filed as part 
of this Form 20-F.

1.1

2.1

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

Notice of Articles and Articles of Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
99.1 of the Manager’s Form 6-K filed with the SEC on December 12, 2022).

Description of Securities.*

Relationship  Agreement  dated  November  8,  2022  among  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc.,  Brookfield 
Asset Management Ltd. and Brookfield Asset Management ULC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 
of the Manager’s Form F-1/A filed with the SEC on November 9, 2022).

Voting  Agreement  dated  December  9,  2022  between  Brookfield  Corporation  and  Brookfield  Asset 
Management Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of the Manager’s Form 6-K filed with the SEC 
on December 12, 2022).

Asset  Management  Services  Agreement  dated  November  8,  2022  between  Brookfield  Asset  Management 
Ltd.  and  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.3  of  the  Manager’s 
Form F-1/A filed with the SEC on November 9, 2022).

Transitional Services Agreement dated November 8, 2022 among Brookfield Asset Management Inc., 
Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. and Brookfield Asset Management ULC (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.4 of the Manager’s Form F-1/A filed with the SEC on November 9, 2022).

Trademark Sublicense Agreement dated December 9, 2022 between Brookfield Corporation and Brookfield 
Asset Management Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 of the Manager’s Form 6-K filed with the 
SEC on December 12, 2022).

2022 Trust Agreement dated December 9, 2022 among Brookfield Asset Management Ltd., BAM Partners 
Trust  and  Computershare  Trust  Company  of  Canada  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  99.4  of  the 
Manager’s Form 6-K filed with the SEC on December 12, 2022).

Credit  Agreement  dated  November  8,  2022  between  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.  and  Brookfield 
Asset Management ULC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Manager’s Form F-1/A filed with 
the SEC on November 9, 2022).

Tax  Matters  Agreement  dated  December  8,  2022  among  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc.,  Brookfield 
Asset Management Ltd. and Brookfield Asset Management ULC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 
of the Manager’s Form 6-K filed with the SEC on December 12, 2022).

8.1

Not applicable.†

FORM 20-F                 163

11.1

12.1

12.2

13.1

13.2

15.1

15.2

15.3

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 of the Manager’s Form 6-K 
filed with the SEC on December 12, 2022).

Certification of Bruce Flatt, Chief Executive Officer, Brookfield Asset Management Ltd., pursuant to Section 
302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.*

Certification  of  Bahir  Manios,  Chief  Financial  Officer,  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.,  pursuant  to 
Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.*

Certification  of  Bruce  Flatt,  Chief  Executive  Officer,  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.,  pursuant  to  18 
U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.*

Certification  of  Bahir  Manios,  Chief  Financial  Officer,  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.,  pursuant  to  18 
U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.*
Consent  of  Deloitte  LLP,  relating  to  the  audited  consolidated  financial  statements  of  Brookfield  Asset 
Management Ltd.*
Consent  of  Deloitte  LLP,  relating  to  the  audited  consolidated  and  combined  financial  statements  of 
Brookfield Asset Management ULC*
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, relating to the audited combined and consolidated financial statements of 
Oaktree Capital II, L.P., Oaktree Capital Management, L.P., Oaktree AIF Investments, L.P., Oaktree Capital 
Management (Cayman) L.P. and Oaktree Investment Holdings, L.P.*

101.INS XBRL Instance Document*

101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*

101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*

101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*

101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*

101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*

†

Filed electronically herewith.

The registrant has no principal subsidiaries. 

164                BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing this Form 20-F and that it has duly 
caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Form 20-F on its behalf.

SIGNATURE

Dated: March 31, 2023

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.

By:

/s/ Justin B. Beber

Name:
Title:

Justin B. Beber
Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel

FORM 20-F                 165

APPENDIX A

AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARTER5

December 2022

A  committee  of  the  board  of  directors  (the  “Board”)  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.  (the  “Corporation”)  to  be 
known as the Audit Committee (the “Committee”) shall have the following terms of reference:

MEMBERSHIP AND CHAIR 

Following  each  annual  meeting  of  shareholders,  the  Board  shall  appoint  from  its  number  three  or  more  directors  (the 
“Members”  and  each  a  “Member”)  to  serve  on  the  Committee  until  the  next  annual  meeting  of  shareholders  of  the 
Corporation or until the Member ceases to be a director, resigns or is replaced, whichever occurs first. 

The Members will be selected by the Board on the recommendation of the Governance, Nominating and Compensation 
Committee. Any Member may be removed from office or replaced at any time by the Board. All of the Members will be 
Independent Directors. In addition, every Member will be Financially Literate and at least one Member will be an Audit 
Committee Financial Expert. Members
may not serve on more than three public company audit committees, except with the prior approval of the Board. Any 
such determination shall be disclosed in the Corporation’s Management Information Circular.

The Board shall appoint one Member as the chair of the Committee (the “Chair”). If the Chair is absent from a meeting, 
the Members shall select an acting Chair from among those Members in attendance at the meeting.

SUBCOMMITTEES

The Committee may form subcommittees for any purpose and may delegate to a subcommittee such of the Committee’s 
powers and authorities as the Committee deems appropriate.

RESPONSIBILITIES	

The Committee shall:

Auditor

a.

b.

c.

oversee  the  work  of  the  Corporation’s  and  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC’s  external  auditor  (the 
“Auditor”) engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an auditor’s report or performing other audit,review 
or attest services for the Corporation and Brookfield Asset Management ULC;

require the Auditor to report directly to the Committee;

review  and  evaluate  the  Auditor’s  independence,  experience,  qualifications  and  performance  (including  the 
performance of the lead audit partner) and determine whether the Auditor should be appointed or re-appointed, 
and recommend the Auditor to the Board for appointment or re-appointment by the shareholders;

d. where appropriate, recommend to the Board to terminate the Auditor;

e.

f.

 when a change of auditor is proposed, review all issues related to the change, including the information to be 
included in the notice of change of auditor as required, and the orderly transition of such change;

review the terms of the Auditor’s engagement and the appropriateness and reasonableness of the proposed audit 
fees and recommend the compensation of the Auditor to the Board;

g.

at least annually, obtain and review a report by the Auditor describing:

5 Capitalized terms used in this Charter but not otherwise defined herein have the meaning attributed to them in the Board’s 
“Definitions for Board and Committee Charters” which is annexed hereto as “Annex A”. The Governance, Nominating and 
Compensation Committee will review the Definitions for Board and Committee Charters at least annually and submit any proposed 
amendments to the Board for approval as it deems necessary and appropriate.

A-1                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

i.

the Auditor’s internal quality-control procedures; and

ii.

any  material  issues  raised  by  the  most  recent  internal  quality  control  review,  or  peer  review,  of  the 
Auditor,  or  review  by  any  independent  oversight  body  such  as  the  Canadian  Public  Accountability 
Board  or  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board,  or  inquiry  or  investigation  by  any 
governmental  or  professional  authorities  within  the  preceding  five  years  respecting  one  or  more 
independent audits carried out by the Auditor, and the steps taken to deal with any issues raised in any 
such review;

h.

at  least  annually,  confirm  that  the  Auditor  has  submitted  a  formal  written  statement  describing  all  of  its 
relationships  with  the  Corporation  and  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC;  discuss  with  the  Auditor  any 
disclosed relationships or services that may affect its objectivity and independence; obtain written confirmation 
from the Auditor that it is objective within the meaning of the Rules of Professional Conduct/Code of Ethics 
adopted by the provincial institute or order of chartered accountants to which it belongs and is an independent 
public  accountant  within  the  meaning  of  the  federal  securities  legislation  administered  by  the  United  States 
Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  and  of  the  Independence  Standards  of  the  Chartered  Professional 
Accountants  of  Canada,  and  is  in  compliance  with  any  independence  requirements  adopted  by  the  Public 
Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board;  and,  confirm  that  the  Auditor  has  complied  with  applicable  laws 
respecting the rotation of certain members of the audit engagement team; 

i.

ensure the regular rotation of the audit engagement team members as required by law, and periodically consider 
whether there should be regular rotation of the Auditor;

j. meet  privately with the Auditor as frequently as the Committee feels is appropriate to fulfill its responsibilities, 
which  will  not  be  less  frequently  than  annually,  to  discuss  any  items  of  concern  to  the  Committee  or  the 
Auditor, including:

i.

planning and staffing of the audit;

ii.

any material written communications between the Auditor and management;

iii. whether or not the Auditor is satisfied with the quality and effectiveness of financial recording 

procedures and systems;

iv.

the extent to which the Auditor is satisfied with the nature and scope of its examination;

v. whether or not the Auditor has received the full co-operation of management of the Corporation and 

Brookfield Asset Management ULC;

vi.

the Auditor’s opinion of the competence and performance of the Corporation’s Chief Financial Officer 
and other key financial personnel of the Corporation and Brookfield Asset Management ULC;

vii. the items required to be communicated to the Committee in accordance with generally accepted 

auditing standards;

viii. all critical accounting policies and practices to be used by the Corporation and Brookfield Asset 

Management ULC;

ix. all alternative treatments of financial information within the generally accepted accounting principles 
in the United States of America (“GAAP”) that have been discussed with management, ramifications 
of the use of such alternative disclosures and treatments, and the treatment preferred by the Auditor;

x.

any difficulties encountered in the course of the audit work, any restrictions imposed on the scope of 
activities or access to requested information, any significant disagreements with management and 
management’s response; and

FORM 20-F                 A-2

xi. any illegal act that may have occurred and the discovery of which is required to be disclosed to the 

Committee pursuant to the rules of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the United 
States Securities Exchange Act of 1934,as amended;

k.

annually  review  and  approve  the  Audit  and  Non-Audit  Services  Pre-Approval  Policy  (the  “Pre-  Approval 
Policy”), which sets forth the parameters by which the Auditor can provide certain audit and non-audit services 
to  the  Corporation,  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  and  their  subsidiaries  not  prohibited  by  law  and  the 
process by which the Committee preapproves such services. At each quarterly meeting of the Committee, the 
Committee will ratify all audit and non-audit services provided by the Auditor to the Corporation, Brookfield 
Asset Management ULC and their subsidiaries for the then-ended quarter;

l.

resolve any disagreements between management and the Auditor regarding financial reporting; and

m. set clear policies for hiring partners and employees and former partners and employees of the external Auditor.

Financial Reporting

a.

prior  to  disclosure  to  the  public,  review,  and,  where  appropriate,  recommend  for  approval  by  the  Board,  the 
following:

i.

audited annual financial statements, in conjunction with the report of the Auditor;

ii.

interim financial statements;

iii. annual and interim management discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operation;

iv.

v.

reconciliations  of  the  annual  or  interim  financial  statements,  to  the  extent  required  under  applicable 
rules and regulations; and

all  other  audited  or  unaudited  financial  information,  as  appropriate,  contained  in  public  disclosure 
documents,  including  without  limitation,  any  prospectus,  or  other  offering  or  public  disclosure 
documents and financial statements required by regulatory authorities;

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

review  and  discuss  with  management  prior  to  public  dissemination  earnings  press  releases  and  other  press 
releases containing financial information (to ensure consistency of the disclosure to the financial statements), as 
well  as  financial  information  and  earnings  guidance  provided  to  analysts  including  the  use  of  “pro  forma”  or 
“adjusted” non-GAAP information in such press releases and financial information. Such review may consist of 
a general discussion of the types of information to be disclosed or the types of presentations to be made;

review  the  effect  of  regulatory  and  accounting  initiatives,  as  well  as  any  of  the  Corporation’s  or  Brookfield 
Asset  Management  ULC’s  asset  or  debt  financing  activities  that  are  not  required  under  GAAP  to  be 
incorporated into their financial statements (commonly known as “off-balance sheet financing”);

review disclosures made to the Committee by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the 
Corporation  during  their  certification  process  for  applicable  securities  law  filings  about  any  significant 
deficiencies  and  material  weaknesses  in  the  design  or  operation  of  the  Corporation’s  internal  control  over 
financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Corporation’s ability to record, process, 
summarize and report financial information, and any fraud involving management or other employees;

review  the effectiveness of management’s policies and practices concerning financial reporting, any proposed 
changes in major accounting policies, the appointment and replacement of management responsible for financial 
reporting and the internal audit function;

review the adequacy of the internal controls that have been adopted by the Corporation to safeguard assets from 
loss and unauthorized use and to verify the accuracy of the financial records and any special audit steps adopted 
in light of material control deficiencies; and

for the  financial information of any other investee below the Corporation that has an audit committee which is 
comprised  of  a  majority  of  independent  directors,  and  which  is  included  in  the  Corporation’s  financial 

A-3                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

statements, it is understood that the Committee will rely on the review and approval of such information by the 
audit committee and the board of directors of each such investee.

Internal Audit; Controls and Procedures; and Other

a. meet  privately  with  the  person  responsible  for  the  Corporation’s  (which  will  also  apply  to  Brookfield  Asset 
Management  ULC)  internal  audit  function  (the  “Internal  Auditor”)  as  frequently  as  the  Committee  feels 
appropriate to fulfill its responsibilities, which will not be less frequently than annually, to discuss any items of 
concern;

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

 require the Internal Auditor to report directly to the Committee; 

review  the  mandate,  budget,  planned  activities,  staffing  and  organizational  structure  of  the  internal  audit 
function  (which  may  be  outsourced  to  a  firm  other  than  the  auditor)  to  confirm  that  it  is  independent  of 
management  and  has  sufficient  resources  to  carry  out  its  mandate.  The  Committee  will  discuss  this  mandate 
with  the  Auditor,  review  the  appointment  and  replacement  of  the  Internal  Auditor  and  review  the  significant 
reports to management prepared by the Internal Auditor and management’s responses. As part of this process, 
the Committee reviews and approves the governing charter of the internal audit function on an annual basis;

review the controls and procedures that have been adopted to confirm that material financial information about 
the  Corporation,  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  and  their  respective  subsidiaries  that  is  required  to  be 
disclosed  under  applicable  law  or  stock  exchange  rules  is  disclosed,  review  the  public  disclosure  of  financial 
information  extracted  or  derived  from  the  Corporation’s  or  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC’s  financial 
statements and periodically assess the adequacy of such controls and procedures;

review of allegations of fraud related to financial reporting that are brought to or come to the attention of the 
Committee through the Corporation’s ethics hotline, a referral by management, or otherwise; 

periodically review the status of taxation matters of the Corporation and Brookfield Asset Management ULC; 
and

g.

consider other matters of a financial nature as directed by the Board.

LIMITATION OF AUDIT COMMITTEE ROLE

The  Committee’s  function  is  one  of  oversight.  The  Corporation’s  management  is  responsible  for  preparing  the 
Corporation’s and Brookfield Asset Management ULC’s financial statements and, along with the internal audit function, 
for  developing  and  maintaining  systems  of  internal  accounting  and  financial  controls.  The  Auditor  will  assist  the 
Committee and the Board in fulfilling their responsibilities for review of the financial statements and internal controls, 
and  the  Auditor  will  be  responsible  for  the  independent  audit  of  the  financial  statements.  The  Committee  expects  the 
Auditor to call to its attention any accounting, auditing, internal accounting control, regulatory or other related matters 
that  the  Auditor  believes  warrant  consideration  or  action.  The  Committee  recognizes  that  the  Corporation’s  and 
Brookfield Asset Management ULC’s finance team, the internal audit team and the Auditor have more knowledge and 
information about the Corporation’s and Brookfield Asset Management ULC’s financial affairs than do the Committee’s 
members.  Accordingly,  in  carrying  out  its  oversight  responsibilities,  the  Committee  does  not  provide  any  expert  or 
special  assurance  as  to  the  Corporation’s  or  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC’s  financial  statements  or  internal 
controls or any professional certification as to the Auditor’s work.

REPORTING

The Committee will regularly report to the Board on:

a.

b.

the Auditor’s independence;

the  performance  of  the  Auditor  and  the  Committee’s  recommendations  regarding  its  reappointment  or 
termination;

c.

the performance of the internal audit function;

FORM 20-F                 A-4

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

the  adequacy  of  the  Corporation’s  and  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC’s  internal  controls  and  disclosure 
controls;

its recommendations regarding the annual and interim financial statements of the Corporation and Brookfield 
Asset  Management  ULC  and,  to  the  extent  applicable,  any  reconciliation  of  the  Corporation’s  or  Brookfield 
Asset Management ULC’s financial statements, including any issues with respect to the quality or integrity of 
the financial statements;

its  review  of  any  other  public  disclosure  document  including  the  annual  report  and  the  annual  and  interim 
management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations;

the  Corporation’s  and  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC’s  compliance  with  legal  and  regulatory 
requirements, particularly those related to financial reporting; and

all  other  significant  matters  it  has  addressed  and  with  respect  to  such  other  matters  that  are  within  its 
responsibilities.

In addition, if and when required or appropriate from time to time, the Committee may also report to another committee 
of the Board.

COMPLAINTS PROCEDURE

The Corporation’s Code of Business Conduct (the “Code”) requires employees to report to their supervisor or internal 
legal  counsel  any  suspected  violations  of  the  Code,  including  (i)  fraud  or  deliberate  errors  in  the  preparation, 
maintenance,  evaluation,  review  or  audit  of  any  financial  statement  or  financial  record;  (ii)  deficiencies  in,  or 
noncompliance  with,  internal  accounting  controls;  (iii)  misrepresentations  or  false  statements  in  any  public  disclosure 
documents; and (iv) any deviations from full, true and plain reporting of the Corporation’s financial condition, as well as 
any  other  illegal  or  unethical  behavior.  Alternatively,  employees  may  report  such  behavior  anonymously  through  the 
Corporation’s  reporting  hotline  which  is  managed  by  an  independent  third  party.  The  Corporation  also  maintains  a 
Whistleblowing  Policy  which  reinforces  the  Corporation’s  commitment  to  providing  a  mechanism  for  employees  to 
report suspected wrongdoing without retaliation. 

The  Audit  Committee  will  periodically  review  the  procedure  for  the  receipt,  retention,  treatment  and  follow-up  of 
complaints received by the Corporation through the Corporation’s reporting hotline or otherwise regarding accounting, 
internal controls, disclosure controls or auditing matters and the procedure for the confidential, anonymous submission of 
concerns by employees of the Corporation regarding such matters.

REVIEW AND DISCLOSURE

The  Committee  will  review  this  Charter  at  least  annually  and  submit  it  to  the  Governance,  Nominating  and 
Compensation  Committee  together  with  any  proposed  amendments.  The  Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation 
Committee will review this Charter and submit it to the Board for approval with such further amendments as it deems 
necessary and appropriate.

This Charter will be posted on the Corporation’s website and the Management Information Circular of the Corporation 
will state that this Charter is available on the Corporation’s website. This Charter will also be reproduced in full as an 
appendix to the Corporation’s Annual Information Form.

ASSESSMENT

At  least  annually,  the  Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation  Committee  will  review  the  effectiveness  of  this 
Committee  in  fulfilling  its  responsibilities  and  duties  as  set  out  in  this  Charter  and  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the 
Statement  of  Corporate  Governance  Practices  adopted  by  the  Board.  The  Committee  will  also  conduct  its  own 
assessment of the Committee’s performance on an annual basis.

A-5                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

ACCESS TO OUTSIDE ADVISORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT	

The Committee may retain any outside advisor, including legal counsel, at the expense of the Corporation, without the 
Board’s  approval,  at  any  time.  The  Committee  has  the  authority  to  determine  any  such  advisor’s  fees  and  any  other 
retention terms.

The Corporation will provide for appropriate funding, for payment of compensation to any auditor engaged to prepare or 
issue  an  audit  report  or  perform  other  audit,  review  or  attest  services,  and  ordinary  administrative  expenses  of  the 
Committee.

Members will meet privately with senior management as frequently as they feel is appropriate to fulfill the Committee’s 
responsibilities, but not less than annually.

MEETINGS

Meetings of the Committee may be called by any Member, the Chair of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or Chief 
Financial Officer of the Corporation, the Internal Auditor or the Auditor. Meetings will be held each quarter and at such 
additional times as is necessary for the Committee to fulfill its responsibilities. The Committee shall appoint a secretary 
to be the secretary of each meeting of the Committee and to maintain minutes of the meeting and deliberations of the 
Committee.

The powers of the Committee shall be exercisable at a meeting at which a quorum is present. A quorum shall be not less 
than  a  majority  of  the  Members  at  the  relevant  time.  Matters  decided  by  the  Committee  shall  be  decided  by  majority 
vote. Subject to the foregoing, the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) and the articles of the Corporation, and, 
unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Committee shall have the power to regulate its procedure.

Notice of each meeting shall be given to each Member, the Internal Auditor, the Auditor, the Chair of the Board and the 
Chief  Executive  Officer  of  the  Corporation.  Notice  of  meeting  may  be  given  orally  or  by  letter,  electronic  mail, 
telephone or other generally accepted means not less than 24 hours before the time fixed for the meeting. Members may 
waive  notice  of  any  meeting  and  attendance  at  a  meeting  is  deemed  waiver  of  notice.  The  notice  need  not  state  the 
purpose or purposes for which the meeting is being held.

The  Committee  may  invite  from  time  to  time  such  persons  as  it  may  see  fit  to  attend  its  meetings  and  to  take  part  in 
discussion and consideration of the affairs of the Committee. The Committee may require the auditors and/or members 
of the Corporation’s management to attend any or all meetings.

This Charter of the Audit Committee was reviewed and approved by the board of directors of the Corporation on 
December 7, 2022.

FORM 20-F                 A-6

ANNEX A

Definitions for Board and Committee Charters 

“Audit Committee” means the audit committee of the Board. 

“Audit Committee Financial Expert” means a person who has the following attributes:

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

an understanding of GAAP and financial statements;

the ability to assess the general application of such principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, 
accruals and reserves;

experience preparing, auditing, analyzing or evaluating financial statements that present a breadth and level of 
complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of issues that can 
reasonably  be  expected  to  be  raised  by  the  Corporation’s  financial  statements,  or  experience  actively 
supervising one or more persons engaged in such activities;

an understanding of internal controls and procedures for financial reporting; and

an understanding of audit committee functions, acquired through any one or more of the following:

i.

education and experience as a principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller, public 
accountant or auditor or experience in one or more positions that involve the performance of similar 
functions;

ii.

experience  actively  supervising  a  principal  financial  officer,  principal  accounting  officer,  controller, 
public accountant, auditor or person performing similar functions;

iii. experience overseeing or assessing the performance of companies or public accountants with respect to 

the preparation, auditing or evaluation of financial statements; or

iv. other relevant experience.

“Board Interlocks” means when two directors of one public company sit together on the board of another company. 

“Committee  Interlocks”  means  when  a  Board  Interlock  exists,  plus  the  relevant  two  directors  also  sit  together  on  a 
board committee for one or both of the companies. 

“Environmental, Social, and Governance”: 

“environmental” includes but is not limited to responsibility or experience overseeing and/or managing climate 
change risks; GHG emissions; natural resources; waste management; energy efficiency; biodiversity; water use; 
and environmental regulatory and/or compliance matters; 

“social”  includes  but  is  not  limited  to  responsibility  or  experience  overseeing  and/or  managing  health  and 
safety;  human  rights;  labor  practices;  diversity  and  inclusion;  talent  attraction  and  retention;  human  capital 
development; and community/stakeholder engagement; and 

“governance”  includes  but  is  not  limited  to  responsibility  or  experience  overseeing  and/or  managing  board 
composition and engagement; business ethics; anti-bribery & corruption; audit practices; regulatory functions; 
and data protection and privacy. 

“Financially Literate” means the ability to read and understand a set of financial statements that present a breadth and 
level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of the issues that 
can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Corporation’s financial statements. 

“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America that the SEC has identified as 
having substantial authoritative support, as supplemented by Regulation S-X under the 1934 Act, as amended from time 
to time. 

A-7                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

“Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation  Committee”  means  the  Governance,  Nominating  and  Compensation 
Committee of the Board.  

“Immediate  Family  Member”  means  an  individual’s  spouse,  parent,  child,  sibling,  mother  or  father-in-law,  son  or 
daughter-in-law, brother or sister-in-law, and anyone (other than an employee of either the individual or the individual’s 
immediate family member) who shares the individual’s home. 

“Independent Director(s)” means a director who has been affirmatively determined by the Board to have no material 
relationship  with  the  Corporation,  either  directly  or  as  a  partner,  shareholder  or  officer  of  an  organization  that  has  a 
relationship  with  the  Corporation.  A  material  relationship  is  one  that  could  reasonably  be  expected  to  interfere  with  a 
director’s exercise of independent judgment. In addition to any other requirement of applicable securities laws or stock 
exchange provisions, a director who: 

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

is or was an employee or executive officer, or whose Immediate Family Member is or was an executive officer, 
of the Corporation is not independent until three years after the end of such employment relationship;

is receiving or has received, or whose Immediate Family Member is an executive officer of the Corporation and 
is receiving or has received, during any 12-month period within the last three years more than CA$75,000 in 
direct compensation from the Corporation, other than director and committee fees and pension or other forms of 
fixed compensation under a retirement plan (including deferred compensation) for prior service (provided such 
compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service), is not independent;

is or was a partner of, affiliated with or employed by, or whose Immediate Family Member is or was a partner 
of  or  employed  in  an  audit,  assurance,  or  tax  compliance  practice  in  a  professional  capacity  by,  the 
Corporation’s present or former internal or external auditor, is not independent until three years after the end of 
such partnership, affiliation, or employment relationship, as applicable, with the auditor;

is  or  was  employed  as,  or  whose  immediate  family  member  is  or  was  employed  as,  an  executive  officer  of 
another  company  (or  its  parent  or  a  subsidiary)  where  any  of  the  present  (at  the  time  of  review)  executive 
officers of the Corporation serve or served on that company’s (or its parent’s or a subsidiary’s) compensation 
committee, is not independent until three years after the end of such service or the employment relationship, as 
applicable; and  

is  an  executive  officer  or  an  employee  of,  or  whose  Immediate  Family  Member  is  an  executive  officer  of, 
another  company  (or  its  parent  or  a  subsidiary)  that  has  made  payments  to,  or  received  payments  from,  the 
Corporation for property or services in an amount which, in any of the last three fiscal years exceeds the greater 
of US$1 million or 2% of such other company’s consolidated gross revenues, in each case, is not independent. 

Additionally,  an  Independent  Director  for  the  purposes  of  the  Audit  Committee  and  the  Governance,  Nominating  and 
Compensation Committee, specifically may not: 

x.

accept  directly  or  indirectly,  any  consulting,  advisory,  or  other  compensatory  fee  from  the  Corporation,  other 
than  director  and  committee  fees  and  pension  or  other  forms  of  fixed  compensation  under  a  retirement  plan 
(including deferred compensation) for prior service (provided such compensation is not contingent in any way 
on continued service); or

y.

be an affiliated person of the Corporation (within the meaning of applicable rules and regulations).

Furthermore, an Independent Director for the purposes of the Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee, 
specifically may not: 

x.

have  a  relationship  with  senior  management  that  would  impair  the  director’s  ability  to  make  independent 
judgments about the Corporation’s executive compensation.

For the purposes of the definition of Independent Director, the term “Corporation” includes any parent or subsidiary in a 
consolidated group with the Corporation and includes Brookfield Asset Management ULC and any of its subsidiaries. 
In addition to the requirements for independence set out in paragraph (c) above, Members of the Audit and Governance, 
Nominating  and  Compensation  Committees  must  disclose  any  other  form  of  association  they  have  with  a  current  or 

FORM 20-F                 A-8

former external or internal auditor of the Corporation to the Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee for 
a determination as to whether this association affects the Member’s status as an Independent Director. 

“Statement of Corporate Governance Practices” means the statement of corporate governance practices section of the 
Management Information Circular.  

“Unaffiliated Director” means any director who (a) does not own greater than a de minimis interest in the Corporation 
(exclusive  of  any  securities  compensation  earned  as  a  director)  and  (b)  within  the  last  two  years  has  not  directly  or 
indirectly  (i)  been  an  officer  of  or  employed  by  the  Corporation,  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  or  any  of  their 
respective  affiliates,  (ii)  performed  more  than  a  de  minimis  amount  of  services  for  the  Corporation,  Brookfield  Asset 
Management  ULC  or  any  of  their  affiliates,  or  (iii)  had  any  material  business  or  professional  relationship  with  the 
Corporation or Brookfield Asset Management ULC or their affiliates other than as a director of the Corporation or any of 
their affiliates. “de minimis” for the purpose of this test includes factors such as the relevance of a director’s interest in 
the  Corporation  or  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  to  themselves  and  to  the  Corporation  or  Brookfield  Asset 
Management ULC. 

A-9                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. as at December 31, 
2022 and for the Period Ended December 31, 2022, together with the accompanying notes thereto
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2022
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the period from July 4 to December 31, 2022
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the period from July 4 to December 31, 2022
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the period from July 4 to December 31, 2022
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Audited Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements of Brookfield Asset Manager ULC as at 
December 31, 2022, and 2021 and for the Year Ended December 31, 2022, and 2021 together with the 
accompanying notes thereto

Independent Auditor's Report
Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheets  as at December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 
and 2020
Consolidated and Combined Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 
2022, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated and Combined Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 
2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020
Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements

Oaktree Asset Management Group Combined and Consolidated Financial Statements as at December 
31,  2022  and  2021  and  for  the  Year  Ended  December  31,  2022,  and  2021  together  with  the 
accompanying notes thereto
Report of Independent Auditors
Combined and  Consolidated Financial Statements as at December 31, 2022
Combined and  Consolidated Statement of Operations as at December 31, 2022
Combined and  Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income as at December 31, 2022
Combined and  Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as at December 31, 2022
Combined and  Consolidated Statement of Changes in Unitholder's Capital as at December 31, 2022
Notes to Combined Financial Statements

F-2

F-3
F-5
F-6
F-7
F-8
F-9

F-20
F-21
F-23

F-24

F-25

F-26

F-27
F-28

F-54

F-55
F-57
F-58
F-59
F-60
F-62
F-63

FORM 20-F                 F-1

Brookfield Asset Management Ltd
Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022 

F-2                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Brookfield Asset Management Ltd.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. and subsidiaries 
(the  "Manager")  as  of  December  31,  2022,  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  comprehensive  income,  changes  in 
equity,  and  cash  flows,  for  the  period  from  July  4,  2022  to  December  31,  2022,  and  the  related  notes  (collectively 
referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, 
the financial position of the Manager as of December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the 
period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of 
America.

Basis for Opinion

These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Manager’s  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an 
opinion on the Manager's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the 
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect 
to  the  Manager  in  accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and  regulations  of  the 
Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB.  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and 
perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  of  material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Manager is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an 
audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the  effectiveness  of  the 
Manager’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our  audit  includes  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  financial  statements, 
whether  due  to  error  or  fraud,  and  performing  procedures  that  respond  to  those  risks.  Such  procedures  included 
examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence  regarding  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements.  Our  audit  also 
includes evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating 
the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements 
that  was  communicated  or  required  to  be  communicated  to  the  audit  committee  and  that  (1)  relates  to  accounts  or 
disclosures  that  are  material  to  the  financial  statements  and  (2)  involved  our  especially  challenging,  subjective,  or 
complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial 
statements,  taken  as  a  whole,  and  we  are  not,  by  communicating  the  critical  audit  matter  below,  providing  a  separate 
opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Accounting for Equity Method Investment in Brookfield Asset Management ULC – Refer to Notes 2 and 3 
to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The  Manager  has  a  25%  interest  in  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  where  the  remaining  75%  interest  is  held  by 
Brookfield  Corporation.  The  Manager  has  accounted  for  its  interest  in  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  under  the 
equity method of accounting where it is deemed to exert significant influence, but not control. The carrying value of the 
equity  method  investment  is  determined  based  on  the  pro-rata  carrying  value  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC 
distributed to the Manager from Brookfield Corporation on spin-off, adjusted for the equity in earnings or losses of the 
investee allocated based on the relevant agreements, less distributions received and impairment losses, if any. Further, 
the carrying value of the equity method investment in Brookfield Asset Management ULC is adjusted as a result of any 
share-based awards granted by the Manager to employees of Brookfield Asset Management ULC. As of December 31, 
2022, the Manager’s equity method investment in Brookfield Asset Management ULC was $2,378 million, and for the 

FORM 20-F                 F-3

period  ended  December  31,  2022,  the  Manager’s  income  from  its  equity  method  investment  in  Brookfield  Asset 
Management ULC was $21 million.

We identified the accounting for equity method investment as a critical audit matter because of the significance of the 
equity  method  investment  to  the  Manager’s  financial  statements,  and  the  judgments  made  by  management  when 
assessing the results of Brookfield Asset Management ULC’s operations and accounting and valuation judgments made 
by the operator of Brookfield Asset Management ULC. This required an increased extent of audit effort, including the 
need to involve the auditor of Brookfield Asset Management ULC and senior members of the engagement team.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our  audit  procedures  related  to  accounting  for  the  equity  method  investment  in  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC 
included the following, among others:

•
•

•

•

Tested the Manager’s acquisition of its 25% interest in Brookfield Asset Management ULC; 
Evaluated significant judgments and estimates at the underlying equity method investment through oversight of 
the auditor of Brookfield Asset Management ULC by obtaining and assessing information from the auditor to 
understand significant judgments and estimates, significant findings or issues identified, actions taken to address 
them, and conclusions reached;
Agreed  the  underlying  information  of  the  equity  method  investment  to  the  audited  financial  statements  of 
Brookfield Asset Management ULC; and
Performed procedures to evaluate subsequent events related to the equity method investment and to assess their 
impact, if any, on the financial information, up to the date of our auditor’s report on the Manager’s financial 
statements.

/s/ Deloitte LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants

Toronto, Canada 
March 31, 2023

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2022.

F-4                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2022 
(MILLIONS. EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents     .............................................................................................................................. $ 
Due from affiliates (Note 7)    ...........................................................................................................................
Investments (Note 3)   ......................................................................................................................................
Total Assets   ................................................................................................................................................... $ 

Liabilities
Accounts payable   ........................................................................................................................................... $ 
Due to affiliates (Note 7) ................................................................................................................................
Total Liabilities   .............................................................................................................................................
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)     .....................................................................................................
Equity
Common stock:     ..............................................................................................................................................
Class A (Unlimited authorized and 396,154,728 issued and outstanding)     ......................................
Class B (Unlimited authorized and 21,280 issued and outstanding)    ...............................................
Class A held in Treasury  (16,048,129 shares outstanding)     ............................................................
Additional paid-in-capital    ..............................................................................................................................
Retained earnings   ...........................................................................................................................................
Total Equity  ..................................................................................................................................................
Total Liabilities and Equity   ......................................................................................................................... $ 

1 
782 
2,378 
3,161 

781 
3 
784 

2,410 
— 
(330) 
278 
19 
2,377 
3,161 

FORM 20-F                 F-5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022 
(MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS AND NUMBER OF SHARES)
Expenses, net of recoveries
Compensation and benefits recovery /(expense)

$ 

General and administrative expense      ............................................................................................................
Unrealized carried interest compensation expense     ......................................................................................
Other expense      ..............................................................................................................................................
Total (expense)   ..............................................................................................................................................
Share of income from equity method investments   .........................................................................................
Net income and comprehensive income    ..................................................................................................... $ 

37 
(1) 
(3) 
(35) 
(2) 
21 
19 

Net income per share of common stock (Note 6)

Basic  ............................................................................................................................................................. $ 
Diluted    .........................................................................................................................................................

0.05 
0.05 

Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding (Note 6)

Basic  .............................................................................................................................................................
Diluted    .........................................................................................................................................................

396,166,341
400,896,766

F-6                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

Shares of Brookfield Asset 
Management Ltd

Brookfield Asset Management Ltd.

Class A 
Common 
Stock

Class B 
Common 
Stock

Common 
Stock

Treasury 
Stock

Additional 
Paid-in-
Capital

Retained 
Earnings

(MILLIONS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
Balance at July 4, 2022  ......................................
Net income  .........................................................
Share subscriptions   ............................................
Purchase of treasury stock  .................................
Capital contribution  ...........................................
Balance at December 31, 2022    ........................

— 
— 
2,404,747 
— 
  393,749,981 
  396,154,728 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
21,280 
21,280  $ 

—  $ 
— 
52 
— 
2,358 
2,410  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
(330)   
— 
(330)  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
278 
278  $ 

Total Equity
— 
19 
52 
(330) 
2,636 
2,377 

—  $ 
19 
— 
— 
— 
19  $ 

FORM 20-F                 F-7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022 
(MILLIONS)
Operating activities

Net income  ................................................................................................................................................... $ 

Non-cash adjustments      ....................................................................................................................................
Undistributed earnings of investments accounted for under the equity method (Note 3)    ...........................
Other expense    ..............................................................................................................................................
Compensation and benefits recovery    ...........................................................................................................
Unrealized carried interest compensation expense  ......................................................................................
Working capital movements:    .........................................................................................................................
Due from affiliates (Note 7)       ........................................................................................................................
Accounts payable   .........................................................................................................................................

Financing activities

Change in due to affiliates (Note 7).............................................................................................................
Share subscriptions    .....................................................................................................................................
Purchase of treasury shares     .........................................................................................................................

Cash and cash equivalents

Change in cash and cash equivalents     ...........................................................................................................
Balance, beginning of year    ..........................................................................................................................
Balance, end of year      .................................................................................................................................... $ 

Supplemental cash flow disclosures   .........................................................................................................
Settlement of due to affiliates (Note 7)    ....................................................................................................... $ 

19 

(21) 
35 
(37) 
3 

(782) 
781 
(2) 

281 
52 
(330) 
3 

1 
— 
1 

(278) 

F-8                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.  ORGANIZATION

Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.  (the  “Manager”),  through  its  investment  in  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC 
("our asset management business" or the "Company") is an alternative asset manager. The Manager is listed on the 
New York and Toronto stock exchanges under the symbol BAM. The Manager was incorporated on July 4, 2022 and its 
head office is located at Suite 100, Brookfield Place, 181 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2T3 and its registered office 
is located at 1055 West Georgia Street, 1500 Royal Centre, P.O. Box 11117, Vancouver, British Columbia V6E 4N7.

On December 9, 2022, Brookfield Corporation (the "Corporation") completed the partial spin-off of Brookfield Asset 
Management ULC (the "Arrangement"). The Manager was incorporated for the purpose of holding a 25% interest in 
Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  and  to  facilitate  the  Arrangement.  As  part  of  the  Arrangement,  the  Corporation 
contributed  certain  indirect  wholly  owned  asset  management  subsidiaries  to  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC.  The 
contribution of these entities was considered a common control transaction and was measured at historical cost. Further, 
the Corporation contributed a 25% interest of Brookfield Asset Management ULC to the Manager, and in exchange, the 
Manager issued securities of the Manager to the Corporation’s existing shareholders on a pro-rata basis.

The Manager entered into several agreements and arrangements resulting from the Arrangement, among which include:

•

•

•

The Asset Management Services Agreement (the "AMSA") under which the Manager provides the services of 
its employees and its Chief Executive Officer to Brookfield Asset Management ULC which pays the Manager 
for the services of these individuals on a cost recovery basis such that neither party receives financial gain nor 
suffers financial loss. Most of the Manager's employees/executives spend their time discharging their duties as 
officers  and  employees  of  the  Manager  and  towards  responsibilities  related  to  Brookfield  Asset  Management 
ULC  which  include  investment,  corporate  and  other  services.  In  addition,  at  the  request  of  Brookfield  Asset 
Management ULC, the Manager may provide options and long term incentive awards to its employees, which 
will  be  reimbursed  under  this  agreement.  See  discussion  of  the  accounting  for  this  agreement  in  the  Other 
Revenue (Expenses) accounting policy in Note 2;

The  Transitional  Services  Agreement  (the  "TSA")  pursuant  to  which  (i)  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC 
will  provide  the  Corporation  and  the  Manager,  on  a  transitional  basis,  certain  services  to  support  day-to-day 
corporate activities (including services relating to finance, treasury, accounting, legal and regulatory, marketing, 
communications,  human  resources,  internal  audit,  information  technology),  and  (ii)  the  Corporation  will 
provide, on a transitional basis, certain services to Brookfield Asset Management ULC to facilitate the orderly 
transfer of the asset management business. See discussion of the accounting for this agreement in the Related 
Parties accounting policy in Note 2; and

The Relationship Agreement under which certain employee share-based and performance-based compensation 
costs  are  recovered  from  the  Corporation.  See  discussion  of  the  accounting  for  this  agreement  in  the  Other 
Revenues (Expenses) accounting policy in Note 2.

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Manager have been prepared in conformity with accounting 
principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America  (“U.S.  GAAP”)  and  are  presented  in  U.S.  Dollars.  The 
consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out below.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make 
estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management 
believes that estimates utilized in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are reasonable. Such estimates 
include those used in the valuation of investments and financial instruments, the measurement of deferred tax balances 
(including  valuation  allowances)  and  the  accounting  for  share-based  and  performance-based  compensation.  Actual 
results may differ from those estimates and such differences may be material.

Consolidation

The Manager consolidates all entities that it controls through a majority voting interest and all variable interest entities 
(“VIE”) for which it is the primary beneficiary. An enterprise is determined to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it 
holds a controlling financial interest. A controlling financial interest is defined as (a) the power to direct the activities of 

FORM 20-F                 F-9

a  VIE  that  most  significantly  impact  the  entity’s  economic  performance  and  (b)  the  obligation  to  absorb  losses  of  the 
entity  or  the  right  to  receive  benefits  from  the  entity  that  could  potentially  be  significant  to  the  VIE.  The  Manager 
determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the time it becomes involved with a VIE and continuously 
reconsiders that conclusion. In determining whether the Manager is the primary beneficiary, the company evaluates its 
control  rights  as  well  as  economic  interests  in  the  entity  held  either  directly  or  indirectly  by  the  company.  The 
consolidation analysis can generally be performed qualitatively; however, if it is not readily apparent that the company is 
not the primary beneficiary, a quantitative analysis may also be performed. Investments and redemptions (either by the 
Manager,  affiliates  of  the  company  or  third  parties)  and  amendments  to  governing  documents  could  affect  an  entity’s 
status as a VIE or the determination of the primary beneficiary. At each reporting date, the company assesses whether it 
is the primary beneficiary and will consolidate or deconsolidate accordingly. As at December 31, 2022, the Manager is 
not the primary beneficiary of any VIE.

All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

Foreign Currency

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Manager  may  enter  into  transactions  not  denominated  in  U.S.  Dollars.  Foreign 
exchange  gains  and  losses  arising  on  such  transactions  are  recorded  in  Net  Income.  In  addition,  where  the  Manager 
consolidates  entities  that  have  a  non-U.S.  Dollar  functional  currency  those  non-U.S.  Dollar  denominated  assets  and 
liabilities are translated to U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date and income, expenses, gains 
and  losses  are  translated  at  the  prevailing  exchange  rate  on  the  dates  that  they  were  recorded.  Cumulative  translation 
adjustments  arising  from  the  translation  of  non-U.S.  Dollar  denominated  operations  are  recorded  in  Other 
Comprehensive Income.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  represent  cash  on  hand  and  cash  held  in  banks.  Interest  income  from  cash  and  cash 
equivalents is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Equity Method Investments

Investments in which the Manager is deemed to exert significant influence, but not control are accounted for using the 
equity  method  of  accounting.  The  Manager  has  significant  influence  over  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  and 
therefore accounts for its investment under the equity method. 

The carrying value of equity method investments is determined based on amounts invested by the company, adjusted for 
the equity in earnings or losses of the investee allocated based on the relevant agreements, less distributions received. 
Further, the carrying value of the equity method investment is adjusted as a result of any share-based awards granted by 
the  Manager  to  employees  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC.  Under  the  equity  method  of  accounting,  the 
Manager's share of earnings from equity investments is included in the Share of income from equity investments in the 
Consolidated  Statements  of  Comprehensive  Income.  The  Manager  evaluates  its  equity  method  investments  for 
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not 
be recoverable.

Refer to Note 3 for further details of the Manager's equity accounted investments.

Accounts Payable

Accounts payable primarily consists of long-term compensation liabilities due to the employees of the Manager.

Compensation and Benefits 

Compensation  consists  of  (a)  salary  and  bonus,  and  benefits  paid  and  payable  to  employees  and  (b)  share-based 
compensation associated with the grants of share-based awards to employees of the Manager. Compensation cost relating 
to  the  issuance  of  share-based  awards  to  senior  management  and  employees  of  the  Manager  is  accounted  for  in 
accordance  with  ASC  718,  Compensation  -  Stock  Compensation,  which  measures  the  equity-classified  awards  at  fair 
value at the grant date and expensed over the vesting period, taking into consideration expected forfeitures. Cash settled 
share-based  awards  and  awards  settled  in  a  variable  number  of  shares  for  a  fixed  monetary  amount  are  classified  as 
liabilities and are remeasured at the end of each reporting period.

Prior to the Arrangement, the Corporation had provided certain long term incentive plans to its employees. The value of 
these long term incentive plans changed as a result of the spin-off of the asset management business. In order to make 
award participants whole following the Arrangement, the Corporation and the Manager modified the strike price of the 

F-10                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

historical  awards  and  issued  additional  awards  such  that  participants  would  receive  the  same  economic  outcome 
immediately  before  and  after  the  spin-off.  As  part  of  the  execution  of  the  Arrangement,  certain  employees  are  now 
employed by the Manager and any unvested amounts cease to be recognized by the non-employing entity. The Manager 
assessed the fair value of the modified instruments immediately before and after the spin-off date to determine if there 
was  any  change  in  value  and  will  account  for  the  impact  of  the  modification  and  any  relevant  incremental  fair  value 
generated at the time of the spin-off prospectively.

On completion of the Arrangement, the Manager issued awards and other long term incentive awards to employees of 
Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC.  Manager  recognizes  the  entire  cost  of  these  share-based  payment  awards  in 
Additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Refer to Note 5 for further details of the Manager's share based compensation. 

Carried Interest Compensation Expense

Carried interest is performance-based compensation associated with realized or unrealized carried interest earned by our 
asset management business and is based on the performance of investments on a fund-by-fund basis.  Employees of the 
Manager earn carried interest compensation which is subject to both positive and negative adjustments and recoverable 
to the Manager under the terms of the ASMA.

Other Revenue (Expense)

Other Revenue (Expense) relate to the AMSA between the Manager and the Company, the TSA and the Relationship 
Agreement amongst the Manager, the Company and the Corporation.

Under the AMSA, the Manager provides the services of its employees to the Company and the Corporation, respectively, 
on  a  cost-recovery  basis.  Income  generated  under  these  agreements  is  recognized  as  Other  Revenue  (Expense)  in  the 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income on a gross basis as and when services are provided by the Manager. 
To the extent that the employees are entitled to share-based and performance-based compensation, the related income is 
recognized as and when the awards vest.

Under  the  Relationship  Agreement,  certain  employee  share-based  and  performance-based  compensation  costs  are 
recovered  from  the  Corporation.  Income  generated  under  the  Relationship  Agreement  relating  to  these  awards  is 
recognized as Other Revenue (Expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income on a gross basis as the 
awards vest.

Certain  liability  classified  share-based  awards  covered  by  the  AMSA  and  Relationship  Agreement  are  required  to  be 
revalued at each balance sheet date. As a result, where the revaluation results in an increase in the equity award liability, 
the  Corporation  and  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  will  reimburse  the  Manager  while  conversely,  where  the 
revaluation  results  in  a  decrease  in  the  equity  award  liability,  the  Manager  will  be  responsible  for  refunding  the 
difference to the Corporation or Brookfield Asset Management ULC.

Under  the  TSA,  the  Manager  is  responsible  for  the  costs  of  transitional  services  provided  by  Brookfield  Asset 
Management  ULC  and  the  Corporation.  Such  costs  are  recognized  as  Other  Revenue  (Expense)  in  the  Consolidated 
Statement of Comprehensive Income when services are performed.

Related Parties

In  the  normal  course  of  operations,  the  Manager  enters  into  various  transactions  on  market  terms  with  related  parties, 
including amounts in Due from/to affiliates. The Manager and its subsidiaries may also transact with entities that share a 
common parent. Amounts owed to and by equity method investments are not eliminated on consolidation. See Note 7 for 
further detail.

Dividends

Dividends are reflected in the consolidated financial statements when declared.

FORM 20-F                 F-11

Segment Information

The Manager operates as a single operating segment. The Manager's chief operating decision maker, it's Chief Executive 
Officer, manages operations on a consolidated basis for the purposes of allocating resources, making operating decisions 
and evaluating financial performance.

Earnings per Share

The Manager uses the two class method to calculate basic and diluted net income per share. Undistributed earnings for 
each period are allocated to participating securities based on the contractual participation rights of the security to share in 
the  current  earnings  as  if  all  current  period  earnings  had  been  distributed.  Losses  are  not  allocated  to  participating 
securities that do not have a contractual obligation to share in losses.

Diluted net income per share reflects the impact of dilutive instruments, which are determined using the treasury stock 
method.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The  Manager  considers  the  applicability  and  impact  of  all  Accounting  Standard  Updates  (“ASUs”)  issued  by  the 
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). ASUs not listed below were assessed and either determined to be not 
applicable or expected to have minimal impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements.

In  March  2020,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2020-04  “Reference  Rate  Reform  (Topic  848):  Facilitation  of  the  Effects  of 
Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP 
requirements  for  modifications  on  debt  instruments,  leases,  derivatives,  and  other  contracts,  related  to  the  expected 
market transition from LIBOR, and certain other floating rate benchmark indices (collectively, “IBORs”) to alternative 
reference rates. ASU 2020-04 generally considers contract modifications related to reference rate reform to be an event 
that  does  not  require  contract  remeasurement  at  the  modification  date  nor  a  reassessment  of  a  previous  accounting 
determination.  In  January  2021,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2021-01  “Reference  Rate  Reform  (Topic  848):  Scope”.  ASU 
2021-01 clarifies that the practical expedients in ASU 2020-04 apply to derivatives impacted by changes in the interest 
rate used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and maybe 
elected over time, through December 31, 2022, as reference rate reform activities occur. Once ASU 2020-04 is elected, 
the guidance must be applied prospectively for all eligible contract modifications. The Manager has not adopted any of 
the optional expedients or exceptions as of December 31, 2022.

3. 

INVESTMENTS

The Manager has a variable interest in the Company, an unconsolidated VIE. It has been determined that the Manager is 
not the primary beneficiary mainly due to its lack of power to unilaterally make decisions about the activities that most 
significantly impact the VIE’s returns. The Manager accounts for its interest in Brookfield Asset Management ULC 
using the equity method of accounting as it has significant influence from its 25% equity interest an its ability to appoint 
two directors on the VIE’s board. 

The summarized financial information of Brookfield Asset Management ULC as at and for the period ended December 
31, 2022 is as follows:

AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Cash   ................................................................................................................................................................ $ 
Investments      ....................................................................................................................................................
Assets      .............................................................................................................................................................
Liabilities    ........................................................................................................................................................
Preferred shares redeemable non-controlling interest     ...................................................................................
Equity  .............................................................................................................................................................

3,545 
6,877 
14,087 
2,670 
1,811 
9,606 

F-12                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
FOR THE PERIOD  ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Revenues      ........................................................................................................................................................ $ 
Expenses   .........................................................................................................................................................
Net income  .....................................................................................................................................................
Net (income) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated funds   ..............................
Net (income) attributable to preferred share redeemable  non-controlling interest      .......................................
Net income attributable to common stockholders   ..........................................................................................

174 
(61) 
84 
(6) 
(35) 
43 

As of December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the equity method investment was equal to the Manager’s interest in the 
Company’s underlying net assets. 

For the period ended December 31, 2022, the Manager’s share of net income from the Company was $21 million. The 
Manager did not receive any cash distributions from the Company, and as of December 31, 2022 the Manager had $21 
million in its consolidated retained earnings that represents undistributed earnings of the Company.

The assets and liabilities recognized in the Manager’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022 related to its 
maximum exposure to loss of the Company as an unconsolidated VIE, is as follows: 

AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Investments      .................................................................................................................................................... $ 
Due from affiliates   .........................................................................................................................................
VIE related assets     .........................................................................................................................................
Accounts payable   ...........................................................................................................................................
Due to affiliates   ..............................................................................................................................................
Maximum exposure to loss   .......................................................................................................................... $ 

2,378 
4 
2,382 
781 
3 
3,166 

The Manager is part of the related party group that controls the Company but is not the party to which the Company's 
operations most closely relate.

4. 

INCOME TAXES

The income before provision (benefit) for taxes consists of the following:

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Canadian   ......................................................................................................................................................... $ 
Foreign      ...........................................................................................................................................................

$ 

19 
— 
19 

The Manager does not currently carry a provision (benefit) for taxes as accrued taxes are $nil.

The Manager’s effective income tax rate is different from the Manager’s statutory income tax rate due to the following 
differences set out below:

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Statutory income tax rate  ................................................................................................................................
(Reduction) increase in rate resulting from:   ...................................................................................................
Non taxable amounts     ...................................................................................................................................
Effective income tax rate  ................................................................................................................................

 27 %

 (27) %
 — %

As  of  December  31,  2022  the  Manager  did  not  have  any  material  unrecognized  tax  benefits  related  to  uncertain  tax 
positions and had no temporary differences.

The Manager’s equity-accounted investment in the Company is expected to be realized through non-taxable dividends. 
As such, no tax provision is provided for.

FORM 20-F                 F-13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Manager files its tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal 
course of business, the company is subject to examination by Canadian and foreign tax authorities. As of December 31, 
2022, no tax returns are subject to examination. 

5. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The  Manager  and  the  Corporation  have  granted  share-based  compensation  awards  to  certain  employees  and  non-
employee  directors  of  the  Manager,  under  a  number  of  compensation  plans  (the  “Equity  Plans”).  The  Equity  Plans 
provide for the granting of share options, restricted shares, escrowed shares and deferred share and restricted share units 
which contain certain service or performance requirements of the Manager or the Corporation. 

The  expenses  of  the  share-based  compensation  are  recognized  on  the  financial  statements  of  the  Manager  and  are 
summarized in the following table:

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Expenses arising from equity classified share-based awards   ......................................................................... $ 
Recovery arising from liability classified share-based awards   ......................................................................

$ 

5 
(45) 
(40) 

The Equity Plans are described below. The Corporation initially entered into these Equity Plans with their employees, 
some of whom following the spin-off of the asset management business became employees of the Manager. At the time 
of  the  Arrangement  all  outstanding  awards  under  these  plans  were  modified  such  that  the  awards  were  split  into  two 
awards on a 4:1 basis, consistent with how shareholders participated in the Arrangement. As a result, a lower strike price 
was set for the historically held awards and a new strike price was set for the newly issued Manager awards in order to 
provide  awardees  equivalent  value  before  and  after  the  Arrangement.  Following  the  Arrangement,  the  Manager 
employees  are  entitled  to  retain  both  the  existing  Corporation  awards  and  the  newly  issued  Manager  awards.  In 
accordance with ASC 718-20-35-6 the Manager considers such changes to be modifications for the purposes of ASC 718, 
Compensation - Stock Compensation. As a result, the Manager has determined the incremental fair value of the modified 
instruments  and  will  reflect  the  impact  of  the  modification  prospectively  with  the  share  based  compensation  expense 
recognized in the Manager's financial statements for awards granted to its employees. Total share-based compensation 
expense included for the period ended December 31, 2022 relation to the Corporation awards and the Manager awards 
for  employees  of  Manager  is  $4  million  and  $1  million,  respectively.  All  share  count  and  per  share  disclosure  are 
presented on a post-spin-off basis.

In  accordance  with  the  Arrangement,  the  Manager  entered  the  AMSA  whereby  the  costs  of  its  employees  providing 
services  to  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  are  reimbursed  on  a  cost  recovery  basis.  The  income  related  to  these 
employee costs is recorded as Other Revenue (Expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and 
resulted in $35 million owed by the Manager to Brookfield Asset Management ULC under the Relationship Agreement 
due to the movement in the fair value of liability classified awards in the period. 

Management Share Option Plan

As summarized above, the Manager recognizes any awards associated with the existing Equity Plans for its employees 
irrespective  of  whether  the  awards  were  granted  by  the  Corporation  or  the  Manager.  The  issuance  of  new  Manager 
awards  has  been  treated  as  a  modification  of  the  previous  Corporation  plan  under  ASC  718,  Compensation  -  Stock 
Compensation.  Options  issued  under  the  Management  Share  Option  Plan  (“MSOP”)  of  both  the  Corporation  and  the 
Manager vest over a period of up to five years, expire ten years after the grant date and are settled through issuance of 
Class A shares of the Corporation or the Manager. The exercise price is equal to the market price at the grant date. For 
the year ended December 31, 2022, the total expense incurred by the Manager with respect to MSOP totaled $1 million.

F-14                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
The change in the number of options during the period ended December 31, 2022 was as follows:

Brookfield Asset 
Management Ltd.1

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise 
Price

Brookfield Corporation2

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise 
Price

Outstanding as at July 4, 2022    ............................................
Transferred   ..........................................................................
Granted     ...............................................................................
Exercised     ............................................................................
Cancelled     ............................................................................
Outstanding as at December 31, 2022   ................................

— $ 
—  
3,663  
(24)   
—  
3,639 $ 

— 
— 
22.39 
12.18 
— 
22.45 

— $ 
13,972  
899  
(309)   
(9)   
14,553 $ 

— 
23.77 
46.62 
13.90 
46.62 
25.38 

1 - Represents the continuity of the Manager options relating to only those employees of the Manager based on the Manager's weighted average 
exercise price which differs from that of the Corporation.
2 - Represents the continuity of the Corporation's options relating to only those employees of the Manager based on the Corporation's weighted 
average exercise price which differs from that of the Manager.                                                                                                                                                                

The weighted-average fair value of the Manager MSOP granted for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $3.50, and 
was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, with inputs to the model as follows:

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
Weighted-average share price    ...............................................................................................
Average term to exercise  .......................................................................................................
Share price volatility1
   ............................................................................................................
Liquidity discount    .................................................................................................................
Weighted-average annual dividend yield    ..............................................................................
Risk-free rate     .........................................................................................................................

Unit

US$ $ 

Years
%
%
%
%

22.39 
7.4
 22.2 
 25.0 
 1.8 
 2.1 

1 - Share price volatility was determined based on historical share prices over a similar period to the average term to exercise.       

The weighted-average fair value of the Corporation MSOP granted for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $8.82, 
and was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, with inputs to the model as follows:

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
Weighted-average share price    ...............................................................................................
Average term to exercise  .......................................................................................................
Share price volatility1
   ............................................................................................................
Liquidity discount    .................................................................................................................
Weighted-average annual dividend yield    ..............................................................................
Risk-free rate     .........................................................................................................................

Unit

US$ $ 

Years
%
%
%
%

46.62 
7.5
 24.8 
 25.0 
 1.4 
 1.9 

1 - Share price volatility was determined based on implied volatilities consistent with Brookfield Corporation's historical share prices over a similar 
period to the average term to exercise.

Escrowed Stock Plan

As  summarized  above,  the  execution  of  the  Arrangement  triggered  a  make-whole  arrangement  for  the  employee 
participants of the Equity Plans, whereby existing Escrowed Stock Plan (the “ES Plan”) participants were provided with 
both  escrow  shares  of  the  Corporation  and  the  Manager.  Such  awards  provide  executives  with  indirect  ownership  of 
Class A shares of both the Corporation and the Manager. Under the ES Plans, executives are granted common shares (the 
“ES  Shares”)  in  one  or  more  wholly  owned  private  companies  that  own  Class  A  shares  of  the  Manager  and  the 
Corporation. These Class A shares held by the private companies are accounted for as treasury shares in the consolidated 
statements  of  the  Manager.  The  issuance  of  additional  instruments  under  the  Arrangement  is  accounted  for  as  a 

FORM 20-F                 F-15

 
 
 
modification under ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, for it is a make-whole arrangement due to the equity 
restructuring associated with the spin-off. 

The ES shares generally vest over five years and must be held to the fifth anniversary of the grant date. At a date no more 
than  ten  years  from  the  grant  date,  all  outstanding  ES  shares  will  be  exchanged  for  Class  A  shares  issued  by  the 
Corporation or the Manager based on the market value of the respective Class A shares at the time of the exchange. The 
number of Class A shares issued on exchange will be less than the Class A shares purchased under the ES Plan resulting 
in a net reduction in the number of Class A shares issued by the Manager.

For the period ended December 31, 2022, the total expense incurred with respect to the ES Plan totaled $3 million.

The change in the number of ES shares during the period ended December 31, 2022 was as follows:

Brookfield Asset 
Management Ltd.1

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise 
Price

Brookfield Corporation2

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise 
Price

Outstanding as at July 4, 2022    ............................................
Transferred   ..........................................................................
Granted     ...............................................................................
Exercised     ............................................................................
Outstanding as at December 31, 2022   ................................

—  $ 
— 
5,452 
— 
5,452  $ 

— 
— 
29.64 
— 
29.64 

—  $ 
5 
16,319 
— 
16,324  $ 

— 
42.62 
34.84 
— 
34.84 

1 - Represents the continuity of the Manager ES relating to only those employees of the Manager based on the Manager's weighted average exercise 
price which differs from that of the Corporation.
2 - Represents the continuity of the Corporation ES relating to only those employees of the Manager. based on the Corporation's weighted average 
exercise price which differs from that of the Manager.                                                                                                                                                                

The weighted-average fair value of the Manager escrowed shares granted for the period ended December 31, 2022 was 
$3.83, and was determined using the Black-Scholes model of valuation with inputs to the model as follows:

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Weighted-average share price    ...............................................................................................
Average term to exercise  .......................................................................................................
Share price volatility1
   ............................................................................................................
Liquidity discount    .................................................................................................................
Weighted-average annual dividend yield    ..............................................................................
Risk-free rate     .........................................................................................................................

Unit
US$ $ 

Years
%
%
%
%

29.64 
6.87
 28.9 
 25.0 
 5.3 
 3.7 

1 - Share price volatility was determined based on implied volatilities consistent with the Corporation's historical share prices over a similar period to 
the average term to exercise.                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

The weighted-average fair value of the Corporation escrowed shares granted for the period ended December 31, 2022 
was $7.50, and was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, with inputs to the model as follows:

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Weighted-average share price    ...............................................................................................
Average term to exercise  .......................................................................................................
Share price volatility1
   ............................................................................................................
Liquidity discount    .................................................................................................................
Weighted-average annual dividend yield    ..............................................................................
Risk-free rate     .........................................................................................................................

Unit

US$ $ 

Years
%
%
%
%

34.84 
7.1
 27.0 
 25.0 
 1.0 
 4.0 

1 - Share price volatility was determined based on historical share prices over a similar period to the average term to exercise.                                                         

F-16                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted Stock Plan

As  summarized  above,  the  execution  of  the  Arrangement  triggered  a  make-whole  arrangement  for  the  employee 
participants of the Equity Plans, whereby existing awardees of the Corporation's Restricted Stock Plans were provided 
with newly issued restricted shares of the Manager. This arrangement was intended to make the participant whole for the 
loss in value of the share price due to the execution of the Arrangement. Such arrangement has been accounted for as a 
modification under ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The Restricted Stock Plan awards executives with 
Class  A  shares  of  the  Corporation  and  the  Manager  purchased  on  the  open  market  (“Restricted  Shares”).  Under  the 
Restricted  Stock  Plan,  Restricted  Shares  awarded  vest  over  a  period  of  up  to  five  years,  except  for  Restricted  Shares 
awarded in lieu of a cash bonus, which may vest immediately. Vested and unvested Restricted Shares are subject to a 
hold  period  of  up  to  five  years.  Holders  of  Restricted  Shares  are  entitled  to  vote  Restricted  Shares  and  to  receive 
associated dividends. Employee compensation expense for the Restricted Stock Plan is charged against income over the 
vesting period.

During  the  period  from  July  4,  2022  to  December  31,  2022,  there  were  1.2  million  Class  A  Corporation  shares 
outstanding  to  Manager  employees  and  the  Manager  granted  0.3  million  Class  A  shares  at  the  time  of  the  spin-off 
pursuant  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  Restricted  Stock  Plan  to  employees  of  the  Manager,  resulting  in  the 
recognition of $1 million of compensation expense.

Deferred Share Unit Plan and Restricted Share Unit Plan

The Deferred Share Unit ("DSU") Plan and Restricted Share Unit ("RSU") Plan provides for the issuance of DSUs and 
RSUs, respectively. Under these plans, qualifying employees and directors receive varying percentages of their annual 
incentive bonus or directors’ fees in the form of DSUs and RSUs. The DSUs and RSUs vest over periods of up to five 
years, and DSUs accumulate additional DSUs at the same rate as dividends on Class A shares of the Corporation and the 
Manager based on the market value of the Class A shares of the Manager at the time of the dividend. Participants may 
convert vested DSUs and RSUs into cash upon retirement or cessation of employment.

As  part  of  the  Arrangement,  the  employment  of  certain  awardees  holding  existing  DSUs  and  RSUs  granted  by  the 
Corporation was transferred to the Manager. In an effort to make the participating employees whole for the loss in value 
of the existing DSUs and RSUs, the Corporation granted new awards which are structured to track against the share price 
of the Manager.

The value of these DSUs, when converted to cash, will be equivalent to the market value of the Class A shares of the 
Corporation and the Manager at the time the conversion takes place. The value of the RSUs, when converted into cash, 
will be equivalent to the difference between the market price of equivalent number of Class A shares of the Corporation 
or the Manager at the time the conversion takes place and the market price on the date the RSUs are granted. The fair 
value of the vested DSUs and RSUs as at December 31, 2022 was $369 million. 

Employee  compensation  expense  for  these  plans  is  charged  against  income  over  the  vesting  period  of  the  DSUs  and 
RSUs.  The  new  grant  of  DSUs  as  part  of  the  make-whole  arrangement  is  considered  a  modification  under  ASC  718, 
Compensation  -  Stock  Compensation.  As  these  awards  are  liability  classified,  the  amount  payable  in  respect  of  vested 
DSUs and RSUs changes as a result of dividends and share price movements. All of the amounts attributable to changes 
in the amounts payable by the company are recorded as employee compensation expense in the period of the change. For 
the  period  ended  December  31,  2022,  employee  compensation  recovery  totaled  $45  million  due  to  a  change  in  the 
underlying share price.

FORM 20-F                 F-17

The change in the number of the Corporation DSUs and RSUs outstanding to employees of the Manager for the period 
ended December 31, 2022 was as follows:

Brookfield Corporation

DSUs

RSUs

Number of Units 
Tracking to BAM 
Ltd.  share price 
(000's)

—   
—   
1,207   
—   

1,207   

Number of Units 
Tracking to BN 
share price (000's)
— 
6,011 
56 
— 

6,067 

Number of Units 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average Exercise 
Price

—  $ 
5,488   
—   
—   

5,488  $ 

— 
6.11 
— 
— 

6.11 

Outstanding as at July 4, 2022   .......
Transferred     ....................................
Granted and reinvested    ..................
Exercised and cancelled   ................
Outstanding as at December 31, 
2022     ...............................................

6.  EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic  earnings  per  share  is  computed  by  dividing  net  income  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  common  shares 
outstanding during the period. The Manager applies the two-class method in calculating earnings per share for each of its 
two classes of shares, based on their pro-rata share of earnings. Class A shares held under the ES Plans in one or more 
private  wholly  owned  subsidiaries  of  the  Manager  are  classified  as  treasury  shares  and  have  been  excluded  from  the 
calculation of earnings per share. The Manager has certain dilutive securities relating to outstanding restricted stock and 
options held by employees and non-employees and have been reflected accordingly in diluted earnings per share figures.

Basic  and  diluted  net  income  per  share  of  common  stock  for  the  period  ended  December  31,  2022  was  calculated  as 
follows:

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022 
(MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS AND NUMBER OF SHARES)
Numerator ............................................................................................................................
Net income    ............................................................................................................................ $ 
Denominator      ........................................................................................................................
Weighted average of common stock outstanding - basic   ......................................................
Dilutive effect of potential common stock using treasury stock method   ..............................
Weighted average of common stock outstanding - diluted    ...................................................
Net Income per Share    .........................................................................................................
Earnings per share - basic     ..................................................................................................... $ 
Earnings per share - diluted      ..................................................................................................

Class A 
Shares

Class B 
Shares

19  $ 

— 

 396,166,341 
4,730,425 
 400,896,766 

21,280 
— 
21,280 

0.05  $ 
0.05 

0.05 
0.05 

Net  income  has  been  attributed  to  Class  B  shares.  For  the  period  ended  December  31  2022  the  amount  is  less  than 
$0.5 million. The dilutive effect of potential common stock has not been applied to the Class B shares on the basis that 
the  dilutive  instruments  only  apply  to  Class  A  shares.    The  following  weighted  average  potential  common  stock  were 
evaluated  under  the  treasury  stock  method  for  potentially  dilutive  effects  and  have  been  included  in  the  above 
computation  of  diluted  net  income  per  share  attributable  to  common  shareholders  for  the  period  presented: 

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022 
Management stock options of the Manager issued and allocated      ..................................................................
Escrow shares of the Manager issued and allocated     ......................................................................................
Restricted shares of the Manager issued and allocated   ..................................................................................
Total     ...............................................................................................................................................................

3,350,560 
819,365 
560,500 
4,730,425 

F-18                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

As  part  of  the  partial  spin-off  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC,  a  loan  was  provided  to  the  Company  for 
$278  million  from  an  affiliate  of  the  Corporation  which  was  ultimately  contributed  to  the  Manager  and  settled  upon 
completion of the spin-off. In addition, on spin-off, an affiliate of the Manager subscribed for 2.4 million Class A shares 
of the Corporation for $52 million.

In the normal course of business, the Manager entered into transactions with related parties by  providing share based 
compensation  to  employees  of  the  Corporation  and  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  as  a  result  of  the  spin-off 
transaction and under the Relationship Agreement, and by borrowing on its $500 million credit facility with Brookfield 
Asset Management ULC to fund short-term capital requirements.

As outlined in the Relationship Agreement, the Corporation is responsible for the cost associated with historical options 
and other awards, some of which are subject to revaluation at each balance sheet date and will also bear the cost of the 
employee  entitlement  to  carried  interest  on  mature  funds  either  directly  or  indirectly  through  reimbursement  to  the 
Company.  In  the  current  year,  the  Manager  has  recognized  $(35)  million  in  Other  Revenue  (Expense)  under  this 
arrangement resulting from the fair value movements of liability classified share based awards.

Under  the  TSA,  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  and  the  Corporation  provide  the  Manager  certain  services  to 
support day-to-day corporate activities. For services provided to the Manager, costs are recorded on a gross basis in the 
Consolidated  Statement  of  Comprehensive  Income.  In  the  current  year,  the  Manager  has  recognized  $nil  in  the 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income under this arrangement.

The balances due from affiliates related to equity compensation are presented in Due from affiliates on the Consolidated 
Balance Sheet and the balances due to affiliates are presented in Accounts payable and other. 

Due from affiliates and Due to affiliates consisted of the following:

AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2022  (MILLIONS)
Due from Affiliates     .............................................................................................................................................
Receivables from affiliates related to compensation   ............................................................................................ $ 

Due to Affiliates     ..................................................................................................................................................
Borrowings on short-term credit facility     ..............................................................................................................

782 

3 

8.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Contingencies

Litigation

The Manager may from time to time be involved in litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of its business. The 
Manager’s  businesses  are  also  subject  to  extensive  regulation,  which  may  result  in  regulatory  proceedings  against  the 
company.

The Manager accrues a liability for legal proceedings only when those matters present loss contingencies that are both 
probable and reasonably estimable. In such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. 
Although there can be no assurance of the outcome of such legal actions, based on information known by management, 
the Manager does not have a potential liability related to any current legal proceeding or claim that would individually or 
in the aggregate materially affect its results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

9.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On February 7, 2023, the Board of the Manager declared a quarterly dividend of $0.32 per share, payable on March 31, 
2023 to shareholders of record as at the close of business on February 28, 2023. 

FORM 20-F                 F-19

 
Brookfield Asset Management ULC
Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements
December 31, 2022

F-20                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Independent Auditor’s Report

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Brookfield Asset Management ULC

Opinion

We  have  audited  the  consolidated  and  combined  financial  statements  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  and 
subsidiaries (the “Company”), which comprise the consolidated and combined balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 
and  2021,  and  the  related  consolidated  and  combined  statements  of  operations,  comprehensive  income,  changes  in 
equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes to the 
consolidated and combined financial statements (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). 

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the 
Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three 
years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United 
States of America.

Basis for Opinion

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  auditing  standards  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America 
(GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit 
of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet our 
other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audits. We believe that 
the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Responsibilities of Management for the Financial Statements

Management  is  responsible  for  the  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America,  and  for  the  design,  implementation,  and 
maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  management  is  required  to  evaluate  whether  there  are  conditions  or  events, 
considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for 
one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

Our  objectives  are  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  are  free  from 
material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that  includes  our  opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an 
audit  conducted  in  accordance  with  GAAS  will  always  detect  a  material  misstatement  when  it  exists.  The  risk  of  not 
detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve 
collusion,  forgery,  intentional  omissions,  misrepresentations,  or  the  override  of  internal  control.  Misstatements  are 
considered  material  if  there  is  a  substantial  likelihood  that,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  they  would  influence  the 
judgment made by a reasonable user based on the financial statements.

In performing an audit in accordance with GAAS, we:

•
•

•

•

Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, 
and  design  and  perform  audit  procedures  responsive  to  those  risks.  Such  procedures  include  examining,  on  a 
test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.
Obtain  an  understanding  of  internal  control  relevant  to  the  audit  in  order  to  design  audit  procedures  that  are 
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the 
Company’s internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.
Evaluate  the  appropriateness  of  accounting  policies  used  and  the  reasonableness  of  significant  accounting 
estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the financial statements.

FORM 20-F                 F-21

•

Conclude  whether,  in  our  judgment,  there  are  conditions  or  events,  considered  in  the  aggregate,  that  raise 
substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope 
and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control-related matters that we identified during 
the audit.

/s/ Deloitte LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants

Toronto, Canada  
March 31, 2023

F-22                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
Assets

Cash and cash equivalents (Note 13)    .................................................................................. $ 
Accounts receivable and other (Note 10)   ...........................................................................
Due from affiliates (Note 14)    .............................................................................................
Investments (Note 3)      ..........................................................................................................
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation  .......................................
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization (Note 12)  ............................................
Goodwill (Note 12)   .............................................................................................................
Deferred income tax assets (Note 7)   ...................................................................................
Total assets     ........................................................................................................................... $ 

2022

2021

3,545  $ 
429 
2,121 
6,877 
68 
59 
249 
739 
14,087  $ 

2,494 
224 
6,732 
13,564 
48 
64 
249 
2,268 
25,643 

Liabilities

Accounts payable and other (Note 11)      ............................................................................... $ 
Due to affiliates (Note 14)  ..................................................................................................
Corporate borrowings (Note 15)  .........................................................................................
Deferred income tax liabilities (Note 7)    .............................................................................

1,842  $ 
811 
— 
17 

1,872 
8,207 
461 
700 

Total liabilities     .....................................................................................................................

2,670 

11,240 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)    ..........................................................................

Redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated funds    .................................................
Preferred shares redeemable non-controlling interest (Note 9)   ............................................

Equity
Net parent investment     ...........................................................................................................
Common stock (Common shares - unlimited authorized, 1,635,327,858 issued and 
outstanding)   ...........................................................................................................................
Retained earnings    ..................................................................................................................
Accumulated other comprehensive income     ..........................................................................
Total Common Equity  ...........................................................................................................
Non-controlling interest    .......................................................................................................
Total Equity     .........................................................................................................................

— 
1,811 

— 

9,271 
84 
153 
9,508 
98 
9,606 

4,532 
— 

9,715 

— 
— 
156 
9,871 
— 
9,871 

Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest, and common equity   .................. $ 

14,087  $ 

25,643 

FORM 20-F                 F-23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Revenues

Management fee revenues (Note 6)

Base management and advisory fees   ..................................................... $ 
Performance fees      ...................................................................................

Total management fee revenues 
Investment income

Carried interest allocations

2022

2021

2020

2,835  $ 
— 
2,835 

2,266  $ 
157 
2,423 

1,892 
— 
1,892 

Realized    ...............................................................................................
Unrealized   ...........................................................................................
Total investment income   ..........................................................................
Interest and dividend revenue   ..................................................................
Other revenues, net     ..................................................................................
Total revenues   ...........................................................................................

241 
249 
490 
258 
44 
3,627 

49 
299 
348 
293 
23 
3,087 

32 
(97) 
(65) 
287 
40 
2,154 

Expenses

Compensation, operating, and general and administrative expenses

Compensation and benefits   ....................................................................
Other operating expenses     ......................................................................
General and administrative   ....................................................................

Total compensation, operating, and general and administrative 
expenses    ...................................................................................................
Carried interest compensation

Realized     .................................................................................................
Unrealized  ..............................................................................................
Total carried interest compensation  .........................................................
Interest expense paid to related parties   .......................................................
Total expenses   ...........................................................................................
Other (expenses) income, net    .....................................................................
Share of income from equity method investments    .....................................
Income before taxes   ..................................................................................
Income tax expense (Note 7)    ......................................................................
Net income   ................................................................................................. $ 
Net (income) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest in 
consolidated funds    ...................................................................................... $ 
Net (income) attributable to preferred share redeemable non-controlling 
interest  ........................................................................................................
Net (income) attributable to non-controlling interest     ................................
Net income attributable to common stockholders     ................................. $ 

(700)   
(236)   
(81)   

(703)   
(185)   
(132)   

(519) 
(157) 
(114) 

(1,017)   

(1,020)   

(790) 

(61)   
(139)   
(200)   
(154)   
(1,371)   
1,090 
146 
3,492 
(627)   
2,865  $ 

(74)   
(137)   
(211)   
(171)   
(1,402)   
1,504 
161 
3,350 
(504)   
2,846  $ 

(55) 
(65) 
(120) 
(257) 
(1,167) 
(226) 
38 
799 
(226) 
573 

(909)  $ 

(977)  $ 

(175) 

(35)   
(6)   
1,915  $ 

— 
— 
1,869  $ 

— 
— 
398 

F-24                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Net income     ................................................................................................. $ 
Currency translation     ..................................................................................
Comprehensive income   ..............................................................................
Comprehensive (income) attributable to redeemable non-controlling 
interest  ........................................................................................................
Comprehensive (income) attributable to preferred share redeemable 
non-controlling interest   ..............................................................................
Comprehensive (income) attributable to non-controlling interest     .............
Comprehensive income attributable to common shareholders

$ 

2022
2,865  $ 
(32)   

2,833 

2021
2,846  $ 
(5)   

2,841 

2020
573 
(11) 
562 

(909)   

(978)   

(174) 

(35)   
(6)   
1,883  $ 

— 
— 
1,863  $ 

— 
— 
388 

FORM 20-F                 F-25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

Common Equity

 Common 
Shares

Additional 
Paid-in 
Capital

Retained 
Earnings

Accumulated 
other 
comprehensive 
income

Total 
Common 
Equity

Non-
controlling 
interest

Total Equity

Redeemable 
non-controlling 
interests

Net Parent 
Investment

9,162  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

175  $ 

9,337  $ 

—  $ 

9,337  $ 

2,117 

40 
398 
— 
1,238 
(1,839)   

8,999 
1,869 
— 
2,194 
(3,347)   

9,715 
1,831 

(29)   

3,897 
(6,143)   
(9,271)   

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
9,271 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
84 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
(11)   
— 
(2)   

162 
— 
(6)   
— 
— 

156 
— 
(3)   
— 
— 
— 

40 
398 
(11)   

1,238 
(1,841)   

9,161 
1,869 

(6)   

2,194 
(3,347)   

9,871 
1,915 

(32)   

3,897 
(6,143)   
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
6 
— 
92 
— 
— 

40 
398 
(11)   

1,238 
(1,841)   

9,161 
1,869 

(6)   

2,194 
(3,347)   

9,871 
1,921 

(32)   

3,989 
(6,143)   
— 

— 
175 
(1) 
630 
(77) 

2,844 
977 
1 
1,315 
(605) 

4,532 
944 
— 
— 
(5,476) 
— 

—  $ 

9,271  $ 

—  $ 

84  $ 

153  $ 

9,508  $ 

98  $ 

9,606  $ 

— 

(MILLIONS)
Balance at December 31, 
2019     ................................... $ 
Correction of immaterial 
errors    ..................................
Net income     ........................
Currency translation      ..........
Contributions .....................
Distributions    ......................
Balance at December 31, 
2020     ...................................
Net income     ........................
Currency translation      ..........
Contributions .....................
Distributions    ......................
Balance at December 31, 
2021     ...................................
Net income     ........................
Currency translation      ..........
Contributions .....................
Distributions    ......................
Transfer of interest
Balance at December 31, 
2022

$ 

F-26                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Operating activities

Net income    ................................................................................................... $ 
Other income, net    .........................................................................................
Share of (income) loss from investments accounted for under the equity 
method      ........................................................................................................
Depreciation and amortization   .....................................................................
Deferred income taxes     .................................................................................
Stock based equity awards  ...........................................................................
Unrealized carried interest allocation, net    ...................................................
Net change in working capital balances      ......................................................
Other non-cash operating items     ...................................................................

Investing activities

Acquisitions     .................................................................................................
Property, plant and equipment      ...................................................................
Equity accounted investments    ....................................................................
Financial assets and other    ..........................................................................
Dispositions of investments and other      .........................................................

Financing activities

Corporate borrowings    ...................................................................................
Issuance of related party loans       .....................................................................
Repayment of related party loans    .................................................................
Issuance of non-operating loans to affiliates     ................................................
Contributions from parent      ............................................................................
Contributions from redeemable non-controlling interest
Distributions to parent   ..................................................................................
Distributions to redeemable non-controlling interest     ...................................

2022

2021

2,865  $ 
(1,090)   

2,846  $ 
(1,504)   

22 
13 
336 
(48)   
(110)   
(3,020)   
658 
(374)   

(13)   
(279)   
(84)   

2,082 
1,706 

(1,612)   
461 
(324)   
35 
5,155 
517 
(3,184)   
(1,328)   
(280)   

(37)   
11 
316 
199 
(162)   
(246)   
20 
1,443 

(35)   
(23)   
(1,528)   
725 
(861)   

461 
892 
(907)   
— 
52 
736
(1,395)   
(26)   
(187)   

Cash and cash equivalents

Change in cash and cash equivalents     ...........................................................
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents     ...................
Balance, beginning of year    ..........................................................................
Balance, end of year   ..................................................................................... $ 

1,052 

(1)   

2,494 
3,545  $ 

395 

(2)   

2,101 
2,494  $ 

Supplemental cash flow disclosures

Net change in working capital balances      ......................................................

Accounts receivable and other ................................................................... $ 
Accounts payable and other     ......................................................................
Due from affiliates  .....................................................................................
Due to affiliates      .........................................................................................
Income taxes paid     ........................................................................................
Interest paid  ..................................................................................................

(205)  $ 
(30)   

4,611 
(7,396)   
291 
37 

68  $ 
216 
(294)   
(236)   
188 
171 

2020

573 
226 

87 
7 
49 
99 
162 
102 
481 
1,786 

(20) 
(25) 
(784) 
70 
(759) 

— 
136 
(60) 
— 
65 
551
(1,264) 
(4) 
(576) 

451 
4 
1,646 
2,101 

446 
(189) 
(1,529) 
1,374 
177 
257 

FORM 20-F                 F-27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.  ORGANIZATION

On May 12, 2022, Brookfield Corporation (formerly known as Brookfield Asset Management Inc.) (the “Corporation”) 
announced that it would separately list and distribute to its shareholders a 25% interest in its asset management business. 
The transaction was completed on December 9, 2022 by way of an arrangement agreement (the “Arrangement”), which 
resulted in the transfer of the Corporation's historical asset management business into the newly incorporated Brookfield 
Asset  Management  ULC  ("our  asset  management  business").  On  completion  of  the  Arrangement,  the  Corporation 
transferred  a  25%  interest  in  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  to  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.  (the 
“Manager”). These consolidated financial statements represent the activities, assets and liabilities of the Corporation's 
historical asset management business using a legal entity approach.

References in these financial statements to “us,” “we,” “our” or “the Company” refer to our asset management business 
and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and consolidated entities. Brookfield Asset Management ULC's asset management 
business  focuses  on  infrastructure,  renewable  power  and  transition,  private  equity,  real  estate  and  credit,  operating  in 
various markets globally. 

The Company was formed on July 4, 2022 as an unlimited liability company under, and governed by, the laws of British 
Columbia.  The  registered  office  of  the  company  is  1055  West  Georgia  Street,  1500  Royal  Centre,  P.O.  Box  11117, 
Vancouver, British Columbia V6E 4N7.

We describe in these footnotes the business held by us after the Arrangement as if it were a standalone business for all 
historical periods described. However, we were not a standalone separate entity with independently conducted operations 
prior to the completion of the Arrangement.

The Company entered into several agreements and arrangements resulting from the Arrangement, among which include:

•

•

•

The Asset Management Services Agreement (the "AMSA") under which the Manager provides the services of 
its employees and its Chief Executive Officer to the Company who in turn pays the Manager for the services of 
these  individuals  on  a  cost  recovery  basis  such  that  neither  party  receives  financial  gain  nor  suffers  financial 
loss.  Most  of  the  Manager's  employees/executives  spend  their  time  discharging  their  duties  as  officers  and 
employees  of  the  Manager  and  towards  responsibilities  related  to  the  Company  which  include  investment, 
corporate and other services. In addition, at the request of the Company, the Manager may provide options and 
long term incentive awards to its employees, which will be reimbursed under this agreement. See discussion of 
the accounting for this agreement in the Other Revenues (Expenses) accounting policy in Note 2;

The Transitional Services Agreement (the "TSA") pursuant to which (i) the Company provides the Corporation 
and the Manager, on a transitional basis, certain services to support day-to-day corporate activities (including 
services  relating  to  finance,  treasury,  accounting,  legal  and  regulatory,  marketing,  communications,  human 
resources,  internal  audit,  information  technology),  and  (ii)  the  Corporation  provides,  on  a  transitional  basis, 
certain  services  to  the  Company  to  facilitate  the  orderly  transfer  of  the  asset  management  business.  See 
discussion of the accounting for this agreement in the Related Parties accounting policy in Note 2; and

The Relationship Agreement under which certain employee share-based and performance-based compensation 
costs are recovered from the Corporation. See discussion of the accounting for this agreement in the Other 
Revenues (Expenses) accounting policy in Note 2.

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The  financial  statements  for  periods  prior  to  and  through  the  date  of  the  Arrangement  were  prepared  on  a  combined 
standalone basis and were derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of the Corporation. 
The  financial  statements  for  the  period  from  December  9,  2022  through  December  31,  2022,  and  as  of  December  31, 
2022 are consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, each of which is wholly owned, and is 
based  on  the  financial  position  and  results  of  operations  of  the  Company  as  a  standalone  company.  Intercompany 
balances  and  transactions  between  consolidated  entities  have  been  eliminated.  These  consolidated  and  combined 
financial  statements  reflect  the  historical  results  of  operations,  financial  position  and  cash  flows  of  the  Company  in 
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). The historical results of 
operations  and  cash  flows  of  the  Company  prior  to  the  Arrangement  presented  in  these  consolidated  and  combined 
financial  statements  may  not  be  indicative  of  what  they  would  have  been  had  the  Company  been  an  independent 

F-28                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

standalone entity, nor are they necessarily indicative of the Company's future results of operations, financial position and 
cash flows.

The consolidated and combined statements of operations for periods prior to and through the Arrangement include all 
revenues  and  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  Company  and  an  allocation  of  expenses  related  to  certain  Corporation 
corporate  functions.  These  allocated  costs  and  expenses  include  executive  management,  finance,  treasury,  tax,  audit, 
legal,  information  technology,  human  resources  and  risk  management  functions  and  the  related  benefit/cost  associated 
with  such  functions,  including  employee  share-based  and  performance  based  compensation.  These  costs  and  expenses 
have been allocated to the Company based on direct usage or benefit where specifically identifiable, with the remaining 
expenses  allocated  primarily  on  a  pro  rata  basis  using  an  applicable  measure  of  revenues,  headcount  or  other  relevant 
measures.  The  Company  considers  these  allocations  to  be  a  reasonable  reflection  of  the  utilization  of  services  or  the 
benefit received.

The  preparation  of  the  Company's  consolidated  and  combined  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  U.S.  GAAP 
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these financial statements 
and  accompanying  notes.  Actual  results  could  differ  from  those  estimates.  Generally,  actual  experience  has  been 
consistent with management's prior estimates and assumptions. In many cases, management's estimates and assumptions 
are dependent on estimates of such future developments which may change in the future. In the opinion of Management, 
all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the accompanying consolidated and 
combined financial statements.

Certain  of  the  comparative  figures  have  been  reclassified  to  conform  to  the  consolidated  and  combined  financial 
statement presentation adopted in the current year.

Use of Estimates

The  preparation  of  the  consolidated  and  combined  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  U.S.  GAAP  requires 
management to make estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated and combined financial statements 
and  accompanying  notes.  Management  believes  that  estimates  utilized  in  the  preparation  of  the  consolidated  and 
combined  financial  statements  reasonable.  Such  estimates  include  those  used  in  the  valuation  of  investments  and 
financial  instruments,  the  measurement  of  deferred  tax  balances  (including  valuation  allowances),  accrued  carried 
interest, incentive distributions and the accounting for share-based and performance-based compensation. Actual results 
may differ from those estimates and such differences may be material.

Consolidation

The Company consolidates all entities that it controls through a majority voting interest and all variable interest entities 
(“VIE”) for which it is the primary beneficiary. An enterprise is determined to be the primary beneficiary if it holds a 
controlling financial interest. A controlling financial interest is defined as (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE 
that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or 
the  right  to  receive  benefits  from  the  entity  that  could  potentially  be  significant  to  the  VIE.  The  Company  determines 
whether  it  is  the  primary  beneficiary  of  a  VIE  at  the  time  it  becomes  involved  with  a  variable  interest  entity  and 
continuously reconsiders that conclusion. In determining whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company 
evaluates its control rights as well as economic interests in the entity held either directly or indirectly by the Company. 
The  consolidation  analysis  can  generally  be  performed  qualitatively;  however,  if  it  is  not  readily  apparent  that  the 
Company  is  not  the  primary  beneficiary,  a  quantitative  analysis  may  also  be  performed.  Investments  and  redemptions 
(either by the Company, affiliates of the Company or third parties) or amendments to the governing documents of the 
respective  funds  could  affect  an  entity’s  status  as  a  VIE  or  the  determination  of  the  primary  beneficiary.  At  each 
reporting  date,  the  Company  assesses  whether  it  is  the  primary  beneficiary  and  will  consolidate  or  deconsolidate 
accordingly. As at December 31, 2022, the Company is not the primary beneficiary of any VIEs.

All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

Redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated funds

Non-controlling interests of unaffiliated limited partners in Brookfield Strategic Real Estate Partners III ("BSREP III") 
are presented as redeemable non-controlling interests within the Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheet, outside of 
permanent equity as these limited partnership interests have withdrawal or redemption rights in certain limited 
circumstances that are beyond the control of the Company, such as instances in which retaining the limited partnership 
interest could cause the limited partner to violate a law, regulation or rule. The allocation of net income or loss to 
redeemable non-controlling interests is based on the relative ownership interest of the unaffiliated limited partners after 
the consideration of contractual arrangements that govern allocation of income or loss. At the consolidated level, 
potential incentives are allocated to redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated funds until such incentives 
become allocable to the Company under the substantive contractual terms of the BSREP III limited partnership 

FORM 20-F                 F-29

agreement.  When redeemable amounts become contractually payable to the unaffiliated limited partners, they are 
classified as a liability in the Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheet.

Redeemable preferred shares non-controlling interest

Upon completion of the Arrangement, the Company issued various special tracking preferred shares of subsidiaries of 
the Company (“tracking shares”) which provides the Corporation with a redemption right, upon a liquidation or 
redemption event, to receive a preferred amount equal to the fair value of carried interest entitlement from certain tracked 
assets, net of any compensation related costs. These returns are realized through the payment of cumulative dividends, as 
and when declared by the board of directors of the relevant Brookfield Asset Management ULC subsidiary. These 
tracking shares are entitled to vote, together with the common shares owned indirectly by the Company, in respect of 
those subsidiaries. The tracking shares are presented as  preferred share redeemable non-controlling interest within the 
Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheet, outside of permanent equity.

The first series of tracking shares issued by Brookfield US Holdings Inc. ("BUSHI"), a subsidiary of the Company, 
provides the Corporation with economic interest equal to effectively 100% of the carried interest earned in mature funds. 
This series of tracking shares has a redemption clause whereby the issuer may elect to redeem the tracking shares upon 
the tenth anniversary of issuance. While this series of tracking shares are not currently redeemable, the Company 
considers that it is probable that the instrument will become redeemable as the redemption requirement is only through 
passage of time. As such, the relevant redeemable non-controlling interest recognized outside of permanent equity 
requires remeasurement at each reporting period.  The Company issued 100 shares with a carrying value equal to 
redemption value of $1.8 billion.    

The second series of tracking shares issued by Brookfield Manager Holdings Ltd.("BMHL"), on the other hand, provides 
the Corporation with the economic interest equal to effectively a 33.3% share of similar distributions on open-ended 
funds. This series of tracking shares can only be redeemed upon exceptional circumstances that cause a materially 
adverse impact to the subsidiary. As the instrument is not currently redeemable and the Company considers such a 
triggering event to be remote and outside of the control of the entity, the relevant redeemable non-controlling interest 
recognized outside of permanent equity does not require remeasurement at each reporting period. The Company issued 
100 shares with a carrying value and redemption value equal to $nil.    

Non-controlling interests of consolidated subsidiaries 

Upon completion of the Arrangement, the Company issued various classes of equity interests of the Company’s 
subsidiaries to the Corporation which have rights to priority distributions. Net income (loss) and other comprehensive 
income, if applicable, generated by the respective subsidiaries is allocated to non-controlling interest in consolidated 
entities based on the substantive contractual terms of the subsidiaries’ governing agreements that specify the allocation 
of income or loss. For the period from the completion of the Arrangement to December 31, 2022, Net income 
attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities was $6 million. 

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured based on the amount the Company expects to be entitled to under the contract with the customer 
and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer 
a distinct good or service (or a bundle of goods and services) to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606 - 
Revenue  from  Contract  with  Customers.  In  determining  the  transaction  price,  an  entity  may  include  variable 
consideration  only  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  a  significant  reversal  in  the  amount  of  cumulative  revenue 
recognized  would  not  occur  when  the  uncertainty  associated  with  the  variable  consideration  is  resolved.  A  contract’s 
transaction  price  is  allocated  to  each  distinct  performance  obligation  and  recognized  as  revenue,  as,  or  when,  the 
performance obligation is satisfied. The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control of a product or service to 
a customer.

Revenues  primarily  consist  of  management  and  advisory  fees,  incentive  fees  (including  incentive  distributions  and 
performance fees), investment income, interest and dividend revenue and other revenue.

Management  and  advisory  fees  —  Management  and  advisory  fees  are  comprised  of  base  management  fees  and 
transaction, advisory and other fees and are accounted for as contracts with customers.

The  Company  earns  base  management  fees  from  its  customers  at  a  fixed  percentage  of  a  calculation  base  which  is 
typically committed capital or invested capital or net asset value. The Company identifies its customers on a fund-by-

F-30                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

fund basis in accordance with the terms and circumstances of the individual fund. Generally, the customer is identified as 
the  investors  in  its  managed  funds  and  investment  vehicles,  but  for  certain  widely  held  funds  or  vehicles,  the  fund  or 
vehicle itself may be identified as the customer. These customer contracts require the Company to provide investment 
management services over a period of time, which represents a performance obligation that the Company satisfies over 
time. Management fees are a form of variable consideration because the fees that the Company is entitled to vary based 
on fluctuations in the basis for the management fee. The amount recorded as revenue is generally determined at the end 
of the period because these management fees are payable on a regular basis (typically quarterly) and are not subject to 
claw back once paid.

Transaction, advisory and other fees are principally fees charged to the investors of funds indirectly through the managed 
funds and portfolio companies. These fees are based on a fixed percentage of enterprise value or equity value of pooled 
capital  raised  and  are  earned  which  generally  coincides  with  when  the  capital  is  called.  These  fees  are  not  tied  to 
performance or ongoing investment management services, are not subject to claw back and are recorded in the period in 
which the related transaction closes.

Accrued but unpaid management and advisory fees, net of management fee reductions and management fee offsets, as of 
the  reporting  date  are  included  in  Accounts  receivable  and  other  or  Due  from  affiliates  in  the  Consolidated  and 
Combined Balance Sheet.

Incentive  distributions  —  Incentive  distributions  are  incentive  payments  to  reward  the  Company  for  meeting  or 
exceeding  certain  performance  thresholds  of  managed  entities.  They  are  comprised  of  incentive  distributions  and 
performance fees.

Incentive  distributions  paid  to  us  by  our  permanent  capital  vehicles,  are  determined  by  contractual  arrangements  and 
represent  a  portion  of  distributions  paid  by  the  permanent  capital  vehicles  above  a  predetermined  hurdle.  They  are 
accrued  as  revenue  on  the  respective  affiliates’  distribution  record  dates  only  if  the  predetermined  hurdle  has  been 
achieved. They are not subject to claw back.

Incentive  distributions  will  not  be  recognized  until  (a)  it  is  probable  that  a  significant  reversal  in  the  amount  of 
cumulative  revenue  recognized  will  not  occur,  or  (b)  the  uncertainty  associated  with  the  variable  consideration  is 
subsequently resolved. Accrued but unpaid incentive distributions and performance fees are recorded within Due from 
affiliates in the Consolidated and Combined  Balance Sheets as of the reporting date.

Performance  fees  —  Performance  fees  are  generated  when  the  Company  exceeds  predetermined  investment  returns 
within Brookfield Business Partners L.P. ("BBU") and on certain liquid strategy portfolios. BBU performance fees are 
based on the quarterly volume-weighted average increase in BBU unit price over the previous threshold and are accrued 
on a quarterly basis, whereas performance fees within liquid strategy funds are typically determined on an annual basis. 
These fees are not subject to claw back.

Investment income (loss) — Investment income (loss) represents the unrealized and realized gains and losses on carried 
interest and movements in the fair value of the principal investments.

Carried  interest  is  a  performance  fee  arrangement  in  which  the  Company  receives  a  percentage  of  investment  returns, 
generated within a private fund on carry eligible capital, based on a contractual formula. We are eligible to earn carried 
interest from a fund once returns exceed the fund’s contractually defined performance hurdles at which point we earn an 
accelerated percentage of the additional fund profit until we have earned the percentage of total fund profit, net of fees 
and  expenses,  to  which  we  are  entitled.  At  the  end  of  each  reporting  period,  the  Company  calculates  the  balance  of 
accrued carried interest that would be due to the company for each fund, pursuant to the fund agreements, as if the fair 
value  of  the  underlying  investments  were  realized  as  of  such  date,  irrespective  of  whether  such  amounts  have  been 
realized.  As  the  fair  value  of  underlying  investments  varies  between  reporting  periods,  it  is  necessary  to  make 
adjustments  to  amounts  recorded  as  accrued  carried  interest  to  reflect  either  (a)  positive  performance  resulting  in  an 
increase in the accrued carried interest to the general partner or (b) negative performance that would cause the amount 
due to the Company to be less than the amount previously recognized as revenue, resulting in a negative adjustment to 
the  accrued  carried  interest  to  the  general  partner.  These  adjustments  are  recorded  in  the  Consolidated  and  Combined 
Statements of Operations as Unrealized carried interest allocations in Investment income. In each scenario, it is necessary 
to calculate the accrued carried interest on cumulative results compared to the accrued carried interest recorded to date 
and  make  the  required  positive  or  negative  adjustments.  The  Company  ceases  to  record  negative  carried  interest  once 
previously  accrued  carried  interest  for  such  funds  have  been  fully  reversed.  The  Company  is  not  obligated  to  pay 
guaranteed returns or hurdles, and therefore, cannot have negative carried interest over the life of a fund. Accrued carried 
interest as of the reporting date is reflected in Investments on the Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheet.

Carried interest is realized when an underlying investment is profitably disposed of and the fund’s cumulative returns are 
in  excess  of  the  preferred  return  or,  in  limited  instances,  after  certain  thresholds  for  return  of  capital  are  met.  Carried 
interest  is  subject  to  claw  back  to  the  extent  that  the  carried  interest  received  to  date  exceeds  the  amount  due  to  the 

FORM 20-F                 F-31

Company based on cumulative results. The accrual for potential repayment of previously received carried interest would 
represent amounts previously paid to the Company that would need to be repaid if these funds accruing carry were to be 
liquidated  based  on  the  fair  value  of  their  underlying  investments.  This  amount  is  estimated  to  be  $nil  for  all  periods 
presented  and  as  a  result  no  clawback  provision  has  been  recognized  in  these  consolidated  and  combined  financial 
statements.

Fair value gains (losses) on principal investments include the unrealized and realized gains and losses on the Company’s 
principal investments, including its investments in the funds that are not consolidated and receive pro-rata allocations and 
other  principal  investments.  Income  (loss)  on  principal  investments  is  realized  when  the  Company  redeems  all  or  a 
portion  of  its  investment  or  when  the  Company  receives  cash  income,  such  as  dividends  or  distributions.  Unrealized 
income (loss) on principal investments results from changes in the fair value of the underlying investment as well as the 
reversal of unrealized gain (loss) at the time an investment is realized.

Interest  and  dividend  revenue  —  Interest  and  dividend  revenue  comprises  primarily  of  interest  and  dividend  income 
earned on principal investments not accounted for under the equity method held by the Company.

Other Revenues (Expenses)

Other  Revenues  (Expenses)  relates  to  the  AMSA  between  the  Manager  and  the  Company  and  the  Relationship 
Agreement between the Manager, the Company and the Corporation.

Under  the  perpetual  AMSA,  the  Manager  provides  the  services  of  its  employees  on  a  cost  recovery  basis.  Expenses 
incurred under the AMSA relating to these services is recognized as Other Revenues (Expenses) in the Consolidated and 
Combined Statement of Operations on a gross basis as and when the services are performed by the Manager.

Under  the  Relationship  Agreement,  certain  employee  share-based  and  performance-based  compensation  costs  are 
recovered  from  the  Corporation.  Income  generated  under  the  Relationship  Agreement  relating  to  these  instruments  is 
recognized as Other Revenues (Expenses) in the Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations on a gross basis as 
the instruments vest.

Certain  liability  classified  share-based  awards  covered  by  the  AMSA  and  Relationship  Agreement  are  required  to  be 
revalued at each balance sheet date. As a result, where the revaluation results in an increase in the equity award liability, 
the  Corporation  and  the  Company  will  reimburse  the  Manager  while  conversely,  where  the  revaluation  results  in  a 
decrease in the equity award liability, the Manager will be responsible for reimbursing the difference to the Corporation 
or the Company.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

U.S  GAAP  establishes  a  hierarchical  disclosure  framework  which  prioritizes  and  ranks  the  level  of  market  price 
observability used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. Market price observability is affected by a number of 
factors, including the type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of 
the  marketplace,  including  the  existence  and  transparency  of  transactions  between  market  participants.  Financial 
instruments with readily available quoted prices in active markets generally will have a higher degree of market price 
observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.

Financial  instruments  measured  and  reported  at  fair  value  are  classified  and  disclosed  based  on  the  observability  of 
inputs used in the determination of fair values, as follows:

•

•

•

Level I — Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical financial instruments as of the reporting date. 
The  types  of  financial  instruments  in  Level  I  include  listed  equities  and  mutual  funds  with  quoted  prices.  The 
Company does not adjust the quoted price for these investments, even in situations where the Company holds a large 
position and a sale could reasonably impact the quoted price.

Level  II  —  Pricing  inputs  are  other  than  quoted  prices  in  active  markets,  which  are  either  directly  or  indirectly 
observable  as  of  the  reporting  date,  and  fair  value  is  determined  through  the  use  of  models  or  other  valuation 
methodologies.

Level III — Pricing inputs are unobservable for the financial instruments and include situations where there is little, 
if any, market activity for the financial instrument. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant 
management judgment or estimation.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such 
cases,  the  determination  of  which  category  within  the  fair  value  hierarchy  is  appropriate  for  any  given  financial 

F-32                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

instrument  is  based  on  the  lowest  level  of  input  that  is  significant  to  the  fair  value  measurement.  The  Company’s 
assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and 
considers factors specific to the financial instrument.

Level II Valuation Techniques

Financial instruments classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy are comprised of certain equity securities.

The valuation techniques used to value financial instruments classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy are as 
follows:

•

Equity securities are valued on the basis of prices from an orderly transaction between market participants provided 
by reputable dealers or pricing services. In determining the value of a particular investment, the Company may use 
certain information with respect to quotations from dealers, pricing matrices and market transactions in comparable 
investments and various relationships between investments. The valuation of certain equity securities is based on an 
observable price for an identical security adjusted for the effect of a restriction that is embodied in the security.

Level III Valuation Techniques

In the absence of observable market prices, the Company values its investments using valuation methodologies applied 
on a consistent basis. For some investments little market activity may exist; management’s determination of fair value is 
then based on the best information available in the circumstances and may incorporate management’s own assumptions 
and involves a significant degree of judgment, taking into consideration a combination of internal and external factors, 
including the appropriate risk adjustments for non-performance and liquidity risks.

Real estate investments — The Company uses both the discounted cash flow method or the direct capitalization method 
to value the real estate investments held in consolidated funds. Valuations may be derived by referencing to observable 
valuation  measures  for  comparable  assets  and  recent  market  transactions,  adjusted  for  asset  specific  factors.  Where  a 
discounted  cash  flow  method  is  used,  a  terminal  value  is  derived  by  referencing  to  a  stabilized  exit  EBITDA  and  a 
capitalization rate.

Credit  investments  —  The  Company  uses  the  discounted  cash  flow  method  to  value  credit  investments  that  are  not 
publicly traded or whose market prices are not readily available. The discounted cash flow method projects the expected 
cash flows of the debt instrument based on contractual terms, and discounts such cash flows back to the valuation date 
using a market-based yield. The market-based yield is estimated using yields of similar publicly traded debt instruments, 
subject to a liquidity discount.

Investments

Investments include (i) investments held in consolidated funds and (ii) the Company’s interest in unconsolidated entities 
which are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. 

(i) Investments at fair value held in consolidated funds

Investments held in consolidated funds are measured at fair value as disclosed in Note 3. Upon the sale of an investment, 
the  realized  net  gain  or  loss  is  computed  using  the  weighted  average  cost  on  a  first  in,  first  out  basis.  Securities 
transactions are recorded on the trade date. 

(ii) Company’s ownership interests in funds accounted for as equity method investments

Investments in which the Company is deemed to exert significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the 
equity method of accounting. The Company has significant influence over certain Brookfield funds in which it invests 
but  does  not  consolidate.  Therefore,  its  investments  in  such  Brookfield  funds,  which  include  both  a  proportionate  and 
disproportionate allocation of the profits and losses, are accounted for under the equity method. 

In  cases  where  the  Company’s  equity  method  investments  provide  for  a  disproportionate  allocation  of  the  profits  and 
losses,  the  Company’s  share  of  earnings  (losses)  from  equity  method  investments  is  determined  using  a  balance  sheet 
approach referred to as the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method. Under the HLBV method, at the 
end  of  each  reporting  period  the  Company  calculates  the  accrued  carried  interest  that  would  be  due  to  the  Company 
pursuant to fund agreements as if the fair value of the underlying investments were realized as of such date, irrespective 
of whether such amounts have been realized.  As the fair value of the underlying investments varies between reporting 
periods,  it  is  necessary  to  make  adjustments  to  the  amounts  recorded  as  carried  interest  to  reflect  either  a  positive 

FORM 20-F                 F-33

performance resulting in an increase in the carried interest allocated to the general partner or a negative performance that 
would cause the amount due to the Company to be less than the amount previously recognized, resulting in a negative 
adjustment  to  carried  interest  allocated  to  the  general  partner.  In  each  case,  such  accrued  carried  interest  will  be 
recognized in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations.

Refer to Note 3 for details in relation to equity accounted investments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents represents cash on hand, cash held in banks, money market funds and liquid investments with 
original  maturities  of  three  months  or  less.  Interest  income  from  cash  and  cash  equivalents  is  recorded  in  Interest  and 
dividend revenue in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations.

Intangibles and Goodwill

Identifiable finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging 
from  three  to  twenty  years,  reflecting  the  contractual  lives  of  such  assets.  Amortization  expense  is  included  within 
General and administrative in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations. Intangible assets are reviewed 
for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Goodwill  is  reviewed  for  impairment  at  least  annually  utilizing  a  qualitative  or  quantitative  approach,  and  more 
frequently  if  circumstances  indicate  impairment  may  have  occurred.  The  impairment  testing  for  goodwill  under  the 
qualitative approach is based first on a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value 
of  the  Company’s  operating  segments  is  less  than  their  respective  carrying  values.  The  operating  segments  are 
considered the reporting units for testing the impairment of goodwill. If it is determined that it is more likely than not 
that  an  operating  segment’s  fair  value  is  less  than  its  carrying  value  or  when  the  quantitative  approach  is  used,  an 
impairment loss is recognized to the extent by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value, not to exceed the total 
amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consist primarily of leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, computer 
hardware  and  software  and  are  recorded  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  amortization.  Depreciation  and 
amortization  are  calculated  using  the  straight-line  method  over  the  assets’  estimated  useful  economic  lives,  which  for 
leasehold improvements are the lesser of the lease term or the life of the asset, generally ten to fifteen years, and three to 
seven years for other fixed assets. The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes 
in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts  receivable  includes  management  fees  receivable  from  limited  partners,  receivables  from  underlying  funds  in 
the  fund  of  hedge  funds  business,  placement  and  advisory  fees  receivables,  receivables  relating  to  unsettled  sale 
transactions  and  loans  extended  to  unaffiliated  third  parties.  Accounts  receivable  are  assessed  periodically  for 
collectability. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged directly to General and administrative expenses in the 
Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations.

Foreign Currency

The  U.S.  Dollar  is  the  functional  and  presentation  currency  of  the  Company.  The  Company  consolidates  a  number  of 
entities that have a non-U.S. Dollar functional currency. Each of the Company’s subsidiaries and associates determines 
its  own  functional  currency  and  items  of  each  subsidiary  and  associate  included  in  the  Consolidated  and  Combined 
financial  statements  are  measured  using  that  functional  currency.  Assets  and  liabilities  of  foreign  operations  having  a 
functional currency other than the U.S. Dollar are translated at the rate of exchange prevailing at the reporting date and 
revenues and expenses at average rates during the period. Gains or losses on translation are accumulated as a component 
of  equity.  On  the  disposal  of  a  foreign  operation,  or  the  loss  of  control,  joint  control  or  significant  influence,  the 
component of Accumulated other comprehensive income relating to that foreign operation is reclassified to Net income 
in the Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations. Gains or losses on foreign currency denominated balances 
and transactions that are designated as hedges of net investments in these operations are reported in the same manner.

Foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities of the Company are translated using the rate of exchange 
prevailing at the reporting date, and non-monetary assets and liabilities measured at fair value are translated at the rate of 
exchange  prevailing  at  the  date  when  the  fair  value  was  determined.  Revenues  and  expenses  are  measured  at  average 
rates  during  the  period.  Gains  or  losses  on  translation  of  these  items  are  included  in  earnings.  Foreign  currency 

F-34                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

denominated non-monetary assets and liabilities, measured at historic cost, are translated at the rate of exchange at the 
transaction date.

Compensation and benefits  

Compensation — Compensation consists of (a) salary and bonus, and benefits paid and payable to employees, and (b) 
share-based compensation associated with the grants of share-based awards to employees. Compensation cost relating to 
the issuance of share-based awards to senior management and employees is accounted for in accordance with ASC 718, 
Compensation — Stock Compensation. These awards are measured at fair value at the grant date and expensed over the 
vesting  period,  taking  into  consideration  expected  forfeitures,  except  in  the  case  of  share-based  awards  that  do  not 
require future service, which are expensed immediately. Cash settled share-based awards and awards settled in a variable 
number of shares for a fixed monetary amount are classified as liabilities and are remeasured at the end of each reporting 
period.

Prior to the completion of the Arrangement, share-based compensation expense was allocated to the Company based on 
the awards and terms previously granted to its employees under the Corporation's share-based compensation plans. The 
value of these long term incentive plans changed as a result of the spin-off of the asset management business. In order to 
make award participants whole following the Arrangement, the Corporation and the Manager modified the strike price of 
the  historical  awards  and  issued  additional  awards  such  that  participants  would  receive  the  same  economic  outcome 
immediately  before  and  after  the  spin-off.  As  part  of  the  execution  of  the  Arrangement,  certain  employees  are  now 
employed  by  the  Company  and  any  unvested  amounts  cease  to  be  recognized  by  the  non-employing  entity.  The 
Company assessed the fair value of the modified instruments immediately before and after the spin-off date to determine 
if  there  was  any  change  in  value  and  will  account  for  the  impact  of  the  modification  and  recognizes  any  relevant 
incremental fair value generated at the time of the spin-off prospectively.

In addition, as may be agreed with the Company from time to time, the Manager may award options or other long-term 
incentive  awards  to  employees  of  the  Company  who  will  compensate  the  Manager  for  the  costs  associated  with  these 
awards.  Compensation  costs  associated  with  these  instruments  are  recorded  on  a  gross  basis  in  the  Consolidated  and 
Combined Statements of Operations as the instruments vest.

Refer to Note 8 for further details of the Company's share-based compensation. 

Carried  Interest  Compensation  —  Unrealized  and  realized  carried  interest  is  performance-based  compensation 
associated  with  realized  or  unrealized  carried  interest  based  on  performance  of  investments  on  a  fund-by-fund  basis. 
Such compensation expense is subject to both positive and negative adjustments.

General and Administrative Expenses

General  and  administrative  primarily  includes  professional  fees,  occupancy,  depreciation  and  amortization,  travel, 
information technology and administration expenses.

Other Income (Expense)

Other  income  (expense)  in  the  Consolidated  and  Combined  Statement  of  Operations  includes  net  unrealized  gains 
(losses)  resulting  from  changes  in  the  fair  value  of  the  company’s  investments  in  common  shares  in  addition  to 
investments in its sponsored funds.

Income Taxes

The Company is a unlimited liability company organized under the provincial laws of British Columbia and is subject to 
Canadian federal and provincial income taxes.

Prior to the Arrangement, the Company's domestic and foreign operating results were included in the income tax returns 
of the Corporation. The Company accounted for income taxes under the separate return method. Under the approach, the 
Company  determined  its  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  and  related  tax  expenses  as  if  it  were  filing  separate  tax 
returns.

The  provision  for  income  taxes  is  determined  using  the  asset  and  liability  approach  of  accounting  for  income  taxes. 
Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts 
of  assets  and  liabilities  are  recovered  or  paid.  Income  taxes  as  presented  attribute  deferred  income  taxes  of  the 
Company's  standalone  consolidated  and  combined  financial  statements  in  a  manner  that  is  systematic,  rational  and 
consistent with the asset and liability method.

FORM 20-F                 F-35

The provision for income taxes represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred 
taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax basis of the Company's assets 
and  liabilities  and  are  adjusted  for  changes  in  tax  rates  and  tax  laws  when  such  changes  are  enacted.  Valuation 
allowances  are  recorded  to  reduce  deferred  tax  assets  when  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  a  tax  benefit  will  not  be 
realized.

The Company analyzes its tax filing positions in all jurisdictions where it is required to file income tax returns, as well as 
for  all  open  tax  years  in  these  jurisdictions.  Tax  benefits  associated  with  actual  or  expected  income  tax  positions  are 
recognized  when  the  “more  likely  than  not”  recognition  threshold  is  met.  The  tax  benefits  are  measured  at  the  largest 
amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement with the related tax authority.

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions within the provision for income 
taxes in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations.

Related parties

In the normal course of operations, the Company enters into various transactions on market terms with related parties, 
including amounts in Due from/to affiliates. The Company and its subsidiaries may also transact with entities that share a 
common parent. Amounts owed to and by associates and joint ventures are not eliminated on consolidation. 

The  Company  has  certain  loans  and  receivables  within  Due  from  Affiliates  (Note  14)  which  are  long-term  in  nature. 
These  receivables  are  initially  recognized  at  fair  value  and  subsequently  measured  at  their  amortized  cost  bases  with 
interest recognized using the interest method. 

In addition to the Relationship Agreement and AMSA, the Corporation, the Manager and the Company have entered into 
the TSA pursuant to which (i) the Company agrees to provide the Corporation and the Manager, on a transitional basis, 
certain  services  to  support  day-to-day  corporate  activities  (including  services  related  to  finance,  treasury,  accounting, 
legal and regulatory, marketing, communications, human resources, internal audit, information technology) and (ii) the 
Corporation provides, on a transitional basis, certain services to the Manager and the Company to facilitate the orderly 
transition of the asset management business (the services, collectively, being "Transitional Services"). The Transitional 
Services are provided, at cost, for a period of three years from December 9, 2022, unless extended by mutual agreement. 
The Company also provides to the Corporation, as required from time to time and on a cost recovery basis, services of its 
investment personnel to assist in acquisitions or other transactions undertaken by the Corporation.

See Note 14 for further detail on the related party transactions.

Dividends

Dividends are reflected in the consolidated and combined financial statements when declared.

Derivatives

Derivative  financial  instruments  under  ASC  815,Derivative  and  Hedging  are  recognized  on  the  Consolidated  and 
Combined Balance Sheet at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. 

Purchased  or  written  options  on  equity  interest  of  several  of  our  equity  method  investments  that  do  not  meet  the 
definition  of  a  derivative  are  recognized  on  the  Consolidated  and  Combined  Balance  Sheet  on  a  gross  basis  as  Other 
Assets or Other Liabilities within Accounts Receivable and Other or Accounts Payable and Other, respectively. These 
financial instruments are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in Other Income (Expense),net.

Recent accounting pronouncements

The  Company  considers  the  applicability  and  impact  of  all  accounting  standard  updates  (“ASUs”)  issued  by  the 
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). ASUs not listed below were assessed and either determined to be not 
applicable or expected to have minimal impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements.

In  March  2020,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2020-04  “Reference  Rate  Reform  (Topic  848):  Facilitation  of  the  Effects  of 
Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP 
requirements  for  modifications  on  debt  instruments,  leases,  derivatives,  and  other  contracts,  related  to  the  expected 
market transition from LIBOR, and certain other floating rate benchmark indices (collectively, “IBORs”) to alternative 
reference rates. ASU 2020-04 generally considers contract modifications related to reference rate reform to be an event 
that  does  not  require  contract  remeasurement  at  the  modification  date  nor  a  reassessment  of  a  previous  accounting 
determination.  In  January  2021,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2021-01  “Reference  Rate  Reform  (Topic  848):  Scope.”  ASU 

F-36                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

2021-01 clarifies that the practical expedients in ASU 2020-04 apply to derivatives impacted by changes in the interest 
rate used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and maybe 
elected over time, through December 31, 2022, as reference rate reform activities occur. Once ASU 2020-04 is elected, 
the guidance must be applied prospectively for all eligible contract modifications. Brookfield Asset Management ULC 
has not adopted any of the optional expedients or exceptions as of December 31, 2022.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08 “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets 
and  Contract  Liabilities  from  Contracts  with  Customers”  to  add  contract  assets  and  contract  liabilities  from  contracts 
with customers acquired in a business combination to the list of exceptions to the fair value recognition and measurement 
principles that apply to business combinations, and instead require them to be accounted for in accordance with revenue 
recognition  guidance.  The  new  guidance  is  mandatorily  effective  for  the  company  on  January  1,  2023  and  applied 
prospectively,  with  early  adoption  permitted.  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  is  currently  evaluating  the  new 
guidance.

Restatement For Correction of Immaterial Errors in Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements

In  connection  with  the  preparation  of  the  consolidated  and  combined  financial  statements  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
December  31,  2022,  the  Company  identified  errors  in  its  previously  issued  annual  combined  financial  statements  and 
unaudited  quarterly  combined  financial  statements.  The  errors  were  not  material  to  any  individual  prior  quarterly  or 
annual period. The prior period errors were related to the inclusion of financial assets that did not belong to the Company 
and the over accrual of employee compensation costs.  

In  accordance  with  SEC  Staff  Accounting  Bulletin  108,  Considering  the  Effects  of  Prior  Year  Misstatements  When 
Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements (codified as Topic 1-N), the Company concluded that 
the correction of the errors was not material to any of its previously issued annual or interim financial statements. The 
Company  has  revised  these  consolidated  and  combined  financial  statements  to  correct  the  effect  of  these  immaterial 
errors  for  the  corresponding  periods.  Accordingly,  for  these  prior  periods  the  Company  has  revised  the  affected  line 
items  of  its  consolidated  and  combined  balance  sheets  and  consolidated  and  combined  statements  of  operations, 
statements  of  comprehensive  income,  consolidated  statements  of  shareholders  equity,  and  consolidated  statements  of 
cash flows. The correction of the errors resulted in a $40 million increase in net parent investment as of January 1, 2020.

The  effects  of  the  correction  of  immaterial  errors  on  the  impacted  accounts  within  the  consolidated  and  combined 
balance sheet were as follows:

December 31, 2021

As previously 
reported

(MILLIONS)
Investments  .................................................................................................... $ 
Total Assets     ..................................................................................................
Accounts payable and other  ...........................................................................
Total Liabilities      ............................................................................................
Common equity      .............................................................................................
Total Liabilities, Redeemable non-controlling interest and Common 
equity  ............................................................................................................. $ 

Adjustment As revised
(86) $ 
(86)  
(160)  
(160)  
74   

13,564 
25,643 
1,872 
11,240 
9,871 

13,650  $ 
25,729   
2,032   
11,400   
9,797   

25,729  $ 

(86) $ 

25,643 

FORM 20-F                 F-37

 
 
 
 
 
The  effects  of  the  correction  of  immaterial  errors  on  the  impacted  accounts  within  the  consolidated  and  combined 
statements of operations were as follows:

Year ended December 31, 2020

Year ended December 31, 2021

As previously 
reported

Adjustment As revised
16  $ 

(226)  $ 

(242) $ 

Adjustment As revised
1,504 
18  $ 

1,486  $ 

As previously 
reported

(MILLIONS)
Other income and expenses  ... $ 
Income before provision for 
taxes      ......................................
Net income   ...........................
Net Income attributable to 
Manager    ............................... $ 

783   
557   

16   
16   

799 
573 

3,332   
2,828   

18   
18   

3,350 
2,846 

382  $ 

16  $ 

398  $ 

1,851  $ 

18  $ 

1,869 

3. 

INVESTMENTS

AS AT DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Common shares (a)   .............................................................................................................. $ 
Investments in affiliates (b)     .................................................................................................
Preferred shares (c)     ..............................................................................................................
Accrued carried interest (d)     .................................................................................................
Equity accounted investments (e)  ........................................................................................
Equity interest in Oaktree    ..................................................................................................
Equity interest in other affiliates     .......................................................................................
Total equity accounted investments   .....................................................................................

2021
1,323 
6,204 
1,557 
676 

1,309 
— 
1,271 

75  $ 

2022

3,940 
282 
4,222 
6,877  $ 

3,790 
14 
3,804 
13,564 

$ 

Where  appropriate,  the  accounting  for  the  Company’s  investments  incorporates  the  changes  in  fair  value  of  those 
investments.

(a)    As  at  December  31,  2022,  common  share  investments  were  $75  million.  Common  shares  primarily  represents 
investments of $64 million investment in Brookfield Renewable Energy L.P. (2021 - $64 million). Common share 
investments  as  at  December  31,  2021  also  included  $464  million  in  BAM  Exchange  LP  and  a  $206  million 
investment  in  a  single-security  private  fund  vehicle.  Common  share  investments  are  carried  at  fair  value  with 
changes  in  fair  value  recorded  on  the  Consolidated  and  Combined  Statements  of  Operations  in  Other  income 
(expenses), net. 

(b)    As  at  December  31,  2022,  Investments  in  affiliates  are  primarily  comprised  of  an  interest  in  BSREP  III  of  $1.2 
billion (2021 - $5.6 billion) which is accounted for as a financial asset measured at its net asset value ("NAV") in 
accordance with ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities. Prior to the spin-off, Investments in affiliates primarily 
represented  the  underlying  strategic  investments  consolidated  within  BSREP  III  and  measured  at  fair  value.    On 
completion of the Plan of Arrangement, the Company deconsolidated BSREP III and recognized no gains or losses 
on deconsolidation.   

(c)  As at December 31, 2022, the investments in preferred shares were $nil. As at December 31, 2021 investments in 
preferred shares relate to a $1.0 billion investment in Series D preferred shares issued by BPR Retail Holdings as 
well as investments in non-traded preferred shares of other affiliated entities.

(d)  Accrued carried interest represents the disproportionate allocation of capital from our private funds to the extent that 
such  interest  is  provided  for  in  the  relevant  fund  agreements.  Accrued  carried  interest  is  accounted  for  using  the 
equity method of accounting based on the Company’s entitlement to the funds’ net assets as if all investments were 
liquidated at fair value and all liabilities were satisfied, regardless of whether such amounts have been realized. 

F-38                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The change in the Company’s accrued carried interest during the year ended December 31, 2022 is as follows:

(MILLIONS)

Balance, beginning of year     ..................................................................................................... $ 

Changes in fund fair values  .......................................................................................................

Impact of BSREP III deconsolidation   .......................................................................................

Realized carried interest    ............................................................................................................

Balance, end of year    ................................................................................................................ $ 

2022

676 

386 

338 

(129) 

1,271 

(e)  The Company’s equity method investments include a  64% (2021 - 62%) economic interest in Oaktree acquired on 
September 30, 2019, a 49.9% (2021 – 25%) economic interest in LCM Partner Group transferred into the Company 
on spin-off, a 35% economic interest in Primary Wave acquired on October 3, 2022, and a number of general partner 
investments  in  our  private  funds.  The  Company  has  significant  influence,  but  not  control,  over  the  operating  and 
financial  policies  of  these  equity  method  investees'  by  virtue  of  having  the  ability  to  appoint  members  of  these 
investee’s governing bodies. Despite a 64% economic interest, the Company does not control Oaktree due to less 
than  50%  of  board  representation  and  other  contractual  agreements  that  prevent  the  Company  from  having  a 
controlling financial interest. 

The Company recognized in Share of income from equity accounted investments in its Consolidated and Combined 
Statement of Operations its share of earnings or losses from all of its equity method investments of $146 million and 
$161 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. 

The  summarized  financial  information  of  all  of  the  Company’s  equity  method  investments  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022 is as follows:

AS AT DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Investments   ........................................................................................................................... $ 
Assets    ....................................................................................................................................
Liabilities     ..............................................................................................................................
Capital    ...................................................................................................................................
Non-controlling interest   ........................................................................................................ $ 

2022
40,019  $ 
44,908 
21,256 
23,168 

2021
25,022 
27,177 
13,223 
11,566 
2,182 

483  $ 

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Revenues    ...................................................................................................... $ 
Expense    ........................................................................................................
Net income    ...................................................................................................
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest   ..................................... $ 

2022
3,462  $ 
(3,559)   
(97)   
186  $ 

2021
4,916  $ 
(1,650)   
3,266 

2020
1,397 
(1,100) 
297 
44 

403  $ 

As of December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the Company’s equity method investments was $3.4 billion higher than 
its economic interest in these investees’ underlying net assets. Of this basis difference, $2.8 billion relates to identifiable 
intangible  assets  which  will  be  amortized  over  the  assets’  remaining  useful  life.  The  remaining  relates  to  goodwill 
recognized upon acquisition of the Company’s interests in the investees which is not amortized.

The Company received $173 million cash distributions from its equity method investees for the year ended December 
31, 2022 (December 31, 2021 - $124 million, December 31, 2020 - $125 million).   

4.  VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The  Company  holds  variable  interest  in  certain  VIEs  which  are  not  consolidated  as  it  has  been  determined  that  the 
Company  is  not  the  primary  beneficiary  due  to  the  Company's  lack  of  more  than  a  insignificant  economic  exposure, 

FORM 20-F                 F-39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
without  considering  the  Company's  entitlement  to  carried  interest  which  represents  commensurate  and  at-market 
decision-maker fees. VIEs that are not consolidated predominately include investment funds sponsored by or managed 
by the Company. The Company's investment strategies differ by investment fund; however, the fundamental risks have 
similar  characteristics,  including  loss  of  invested  capital  and  loss  of  management  and  performance  income.  The 
Company's  maximum  exposure  to  loss  as  a  result  of  its  investments  in  the  unconsolidated  investment  funds  is  the 
carrying value of such investments, including the Company's capital interest and any unrealized carried interest. For the 
years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 the Company did not provide any amounts to unconsolidated VIEs other than 
its obligated commitments.

The  assets  and  liabilities  recognized  in  the  Company's  Consolidated  and  Combined  Balance  Sheet  related  to  its 
maximum  exposure  to  loss  of  those  VIEs  of  which  the  Company  is  determined  not  to  be  the  primary  beneficiary,  the 
non-consolidated VIEs, are as follows:

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Investments   ......................................................................................................................... $ 
Due from affiliates      .............................................................................................................
VIE related assets   .............................................................................................................
Maximum exposure to loss      .............................................................................................. $ 

2022

2021

18  $ 
22 
40 
40  $ 

14 
2 
16 
16 

5.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value approximates carrying value for the following financial instruments that are not measured at fair value in the 
consolidated and combined financial statements: Accounts receivable and other, Accounts payable and other (except as 
otherwise  indicated  below),  Due  to  affiliates  and  Due  from  affiliates,  Accrued  carried  interest,  and  Redeemable  non-
controlling interest.

The  following  tables  summarize  the  fair  value  hierarchy  of  financial  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  Company  that  are 
measured at fair value as at December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Level I

Level II

Level III

AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2022                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Assets  ..................................................................................
Cash and cash equivalents      .................................................. $ 
Investments (Note 3)      ..........................................................
Common shares     ................................................................
Total investments    ................................................................
Total Assets     .......................................................................
Liabilities   ...........................................................................
Accounts payable and other  ................................................
Total Liabilities      ................................................................. $ 

— 
— 
3,545 

— 
—  $ 

— 
—  $ 

75 
75 
75 

— 
— 
— 

3,545  $ 

—  $ 

190 
190  $ 

—  $ 

Total

3,545 

75 
75 
3,620 

190 
190 

Excluded from the fair value hierarchy above is the Company’s investment in BSREP III as at December 31, 2022, for 
which fair value is measured at NAV per share as a practical expedient. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the 
BSREP III investment was $1.2 billion, all of which may not be redeemed at, or within three months of, the reporting 
date. The Company did not have any investment measured using NAV per share as at December 31, 2021. 

F-40                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
—  $ 

Level I

Level II

Level III

2,494  $ 

AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2021                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Assets  ..................................................................................
Cash and cash equivalents      .................................................. $ 
Investments (Note 3)      ..........................................................
Common shares     ................................................................
Investments in affiliates     ...................................................
Preferred shares     ................................................................
Total investments    ................................................................
Loans to related parties (Note 13)      ......................................
Total Assets     .......................................................................
Liabilities   ...........................................................................
Accounts payable and other  ................................................ $ 
Borrowings from related parties (Note 13)   .........................
Total Liabilities      ................................................................. $ 

562 
6,204 
1,557 
8,323 
545 
8,868 

91 
— 
— 
91 
— 
2,585 

670 
— 
— 
670 
— 
670 

—  $ 
— 
—  $ 

—  $ 
— 
—  $ 

69  $ 

4,102 
4,171  $ 

—  $ 

Total

2,494 

1,323 
6,204 
1,557 
9,084 
545 
12,123 

69 
4,102 
4,171 

The  fair  value  measurement  of  items  categorized  in  Level  III  of  the  fair  value  hierarchy  is  subject  to  valuation 
uncertainty arising from the use of significant unobservable inputs. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair 
value  measurement  of  financial  assets  and  liabilities  measured  at  fair  value  are  discount  rates  and  capitalization  rates. 
Significant  increases  (decreases)  in  these  inputs  in  isolation  would  have  resulted  in  a  significantly  lower  (higher)  fair 
value measurement. The following tables summarize the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for items categorized 
in Level III of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2022

Fair 
Value

Valuation Techniques

Unobservable 
Inputs

Common shares   ............................. $ 

75  See note (b)

Accounts payable and other      ..........

190  See note (c)

N/A

N/A

AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2021

Fair 
Value

Valuation Techniques

Unobservable 
Inputs

Common shares   ............................. $ 

562  See note (b)

N/A

Ranges

N/A

N/A

Ranges

N/A

Investment in affiliates    ..................

6,204 

Discounted cash flows

Discount rate

7.0% - 22%

Direct capitalization method

Capitalization rate

4.3% - 21%

Preferred shares    .............................

1,557  Discounted cash flows

Loans to related parties    .................

545  Discounted cash flows

Discount rate

Discount rate

4.5% - 6.0%

2.5% - 6.5%

Accounts payable and other      ..........

69  See note (c)

N/A

N/A

Impact to 
valuation 
from an 
increase in 
input

N/A

N/A

Impact to 
valuation 
from an 
increase in 
input

N/A

Lower

Lower

Lower

Lower

N/A

Weighted-
Average 
(a)

N/A

N/A

Weighted-
Average 
(a)

N/A

8.4%

5.5%

5.6%

4.2%

N/A

Borrowings from related parties      ...

4,102  Discounted cash flows

Discount rate

4.9% - 6.0%

5.8%

Lower

(a) Unobservable inputs were weighted based on the fair value of the investments included in the range.

(b)  Common  shares  as  at  December  31,  2022  relate  to  the  Company’s  $64  million  (2021-  $64  million)  investment  in 
Brookfield Renewable Energy L.P. which are being recorded at fair value on the Consolidated and Combined Balance 
Sheet.  Common  shares  as  at  December  31,  2021  relate  to  the  Company's  investment  in  BPY  units,  which  are  being 
recorded at fair value on the Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheet based on the value of units on privatization of 
BPY in July 2021. The value on privatization of BPY represents the most recent, independently validated and observable 
market price for the units.

(c)  Accounts  payable  and  other  recorded  at  fair  value  and  categorized  in  Level  III  relate  to  a  put  option  held  by 
shareholders of Oaktree and Primary Wave that are not related to the Corporation or the Company to sell their shares 
using  a  prescribed  valuation  methodology  in  exchange  for  cash,  Class  A  shares  of  the  Corporation  or  other  forms  of 

FORM 20-F                 F-41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
consideration at the discretion of the Company. The fair value of this instrument is determined quarterly using a Monte 
Carlo simulation and various inputs prepared by management.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, there have been no changes in valuation techniques within Level II and Level 
III that have had a material impact on the valuation of financial instruments.

The  following  tables  summarize  the  changes  in  financial  assets  and  liabilities  measured  at  fair  value  for  which  the 
Company  has  used  Level  III  inputs  to  determine  fair  value  and  does  not  include  gains  or  losses  that  were  reported  in 
Level III in prior years or for instruments that were transferred out of Level III prior to the end of the respective reporting 
period.  These  tables  also  exclude  financial  assets  and  liabilities  measured  at  fair  value  on  a  non-recurring  basis.  Total 
realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded for Level III investments are reported in Other income (expense) in the 
Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations.

Accounts 
Payable 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED  DECEMBER 31, 2022                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
and other
(MILLIONS)

Borrowings 
from 
parties

Loans to 
related 
parties

Investment 
in affiliates

Preferred 
shares

Common 
shares

Balance, beginning of period    ........................... $ 

562  $ 

6,204  $ 

1,557  $ 

545  $ 

4,102  $ 

Net purchases (redemptions)  ...........................

(487)   

(7,122)   

(1,557)   

(540)   

(4,102)   

Gains (losses) included in earnings      .................

— 

918 

— 

Balance, end of period     ..................................... $ 

75  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

(5)   

—  $ 

— 

—  $ 

69 

121 

— 

190 

Accounts 
Payable 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED  DECEMBER 31, 2021                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
and other
(MILLIONS)

Borrowings 
from 
parties

Loans to 
related 
parties

Investment 
in affiliates

Preferred 
shares

Common 
shares

Balance, beginning of period    ............................ $ 

—  $ 

3,780  $ 

725  $ 

1,807  $ 

4,781  $ 

35 

Transfer into Level III (a)    .................................

Net purchases (redemptions)  ............................

Gains included in earnings     ...............................

562 

— 

— 

— 

1,475 

949 

— 

832 

— 

— 

— 

(1,262)   

(679)   

34 

— 

— 

Balance, end of period     ...................................... $ 

562  $ 

6,204  $ 

1,557  $ 

545  $ 

4,102  $ 

69 

(a) Transfer into Level III related to the privatization of BPY on July 26, 2021. As the BPY units ceased to have a publicly observable trading price 
from the date of the privatization the value of these units was transferred to Level III.

6.  REVENUE

The Company focuses on a number of investment strategies, specifically renewable power and transition, infrastructure, 
private equity, real estate and credit, operating in various markets including the United States, Canada, and the rest of the 
world.

The following table sets out revenue disaggregated by investment strategy.

FOR THE YEAR ENDED  DECEMBER 31, 2022                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
Infrastructure
(MILLIONS)

Real Estate

Total

Private 
Equity

Credit and 
Other

Renewable 
Power and 
Transition

Management and advisory fees, net    ...... $ 

455  $ 

737  $ 

218  $ 

800  $ 

290  $ 

2,500 

Incentive distributions     ...........................

95 

240 

— 

— 

— 

335 

$ 

550  $ 

977  $ 

218  $ 

800  $ 

290  $ 

2,835 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED  DECEMBER 31, 2021                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
Infrastructure
(MILLIONS)

Real Estate

Total

Private 
Equity

Credit and 
Other

Renewable 
Power and 
Transition

Management and advisory fees, net    ...... $ 

388  $ 

584  $ 

175  $ 

569  $ 

235  $ 

1,951 

Incentive distributions     ...........................

Performance fees    ...................................

80 

— 

206 

— 

— 

157 

29 

— 

— 

— 

315 

157 

$ 

468  $ 

790  $ 

332  $ 

598  $ 

235  $ 

2,423 

F-42                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED  DECEMBER 31, 2020                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
(MILLIONS)

Infrastructure

Real Estate

Total

Renewable 
Power and 
Transition

Private 
Equity

Credit and 
Other

Management and advisory fees, net    ...... $ 

250  $ 

615  $ 

182  $ 

348  $ 

191  $ 

1,586 

Incentive distributions     ...........................

65 

183 

— 

58 

— 

306 

$ 

315  $ 

798  $ 

182  $ 

406  $ 

191  $ 

1,892 

7. 

INCOME TAXES

Prior to the completion of the Arrangement, the Company's operating results were included as part of the Corporation's 
various  income  tax  returns.  For  the  purposes  of  the  Company's  consolidated  and  combined  financial  statements  for 
periods prior to the Arrangement, income tax expense and deferred tax balances have been recorded as if the Company 
filed tax returns on a standalone basis. The separate return method applies the accounting guidance for income taxes to 
the  standalone  consolidated  and  combined  financial  statements  as  if  the  Company  was  a  separate  taxpayer  and  a 
standalone enterprise prior to the Arrangement.

The following is a summary of the Company's income tax (benefit) expense.

The income before provision for taxes consists of the following:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED  DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Canadian    ...................................................................................................... $ 
Foreign     .........................................................................................................

2022
752  $ 

2021
1,360  $ 
1,990 
3,350  $ 

2020
601 
198 
799 

2,740 
3,492  $ 

The provision (benefit) for taxes consists of the following:

$ 

FOR THE YEARS ENDED  DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Current    .........................................................................................................

2022

2021

2020

Canadian    .................................................................................................... $ 
Foreign    .......................................................................................................
Total provision for current tax      .....................................................................
Deferred     .......................................................................................................
Canadian    ....................................................................................................
Foreign    .......................................................................................................
Total provision for deferred tax       ...................................................................

$ 

174  $ 
117 
291 

29 
307 
336 
627  $ 

125  $ 
63 
188 

79 
237 
316 
504  $ 

132 
45 
177 

(41) 
90 
49 
226 

The company’s Canadian statutory income tax rate has remained consistent at 27% during the years ended December 31, 
2022, 2021 and 2020.

The company’s effective income tax rate is different from the company’s statutory income tax rate due to the following 
differences set out below:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED  DECEMBER 31
Statutory income tax rate     .............................................................................
(Reduction) increase in rate resulting from:  ................................................
Incentive distributions   ...............................................................................
International operations subject to different tax rates    ...............................
Taxable income attributable to non-controlling interests    ..........................
Portion of gains subject to different tax rates    ............................................
Other    ..........................................................................................................
Effective income tax rate      .............................................................................

2022
 27 %

 (3) %
 — %
 (7) %
 — %
 1 %
 18 %

2021
 27 %

 (3) %
 — %
 (8) %
 (1) %
 — %
 15 %

2020
 27 %

 (9) %
 1 %
 (6) %
 13 %
 2 %
 28 %

FORM 20-F                 F-43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A summary of the tax effects of the temporary differences is as follows:

AS AT DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Assets     ....................................................................................................................................

2022

Losses (Canada)    .................................................................................................................. $ 
Losses (Foreign)     .................................................................................................................
Investment basis differences/net unrealized gains and losses     ............................................
Deferred income tax assets     ................................................................................................... $ 

24  $ 

1,023 
(308)   
739  $ 

2021

43 
1,872 
353 
2,268 

Liabilities ..............................................................................................................................
Investment basis differences/net unrealized gains and losses     ...............................................
Deferred income tax liabilities   .............................................................................................. $ 

17 
17  $ 

700 
700 

As at December 31, 2022, the company has Canadian non-capital loss carryforwards of approximately $89 million (as at 
December 31, 2021 – $160 million) that will begin to expire in 2037, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of 
approximately $5 billion (2021 – $9 billion) that expire after 2026.

As  of  December  31,  2022,  the  company  has  accumulated  undistributed  earnings  generated  by  certain  foreign 
subsidiaries, which it intends to indefinitely reinvest and have not recorded any deferred taxes with respect to outside tax 
basis difference on these subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 the company did not have any material unrecognized tax benefits related to 
uncertain tax positions.

The company files its tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal 
course of business, the company is subject to examination by Canadian and foreign tax authorities. As of December 31, 
2022, the company’s Canadian income tax returns for the years 2018 through 2022 are open under the normal four-year 
statute of limitations and therefore subject to examination. Certain subsidiaries’ tax returns for 2018 through 2021 are 
currently subject to examination.

8.  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The  Manager  and  the  Corporation,  related  parties  of  the  Company,  have  granted  share-based  compensation  awards  to 
certain  employees  and  non-employee  directors  of  the  Company  under  a  number  of  compensation  plans  (the  “Equity 
Plans”). The Equity Plans provide for the granting of share options, restricted shares, escrowed shares and deferred share 
and restricted share units which contain certain service or performance requirements of the Manager or the Corporation.

The expense recognized for share-based compensation is summarized in the following table:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Expenses arising from equity-settled share-based awards   ........................... $ 
(Recovery)/Expense arising from cash-settled share-based awards   ............

2021

2022
132  $ 
(195)   
(63)  $ 

$ 

53  $ 
98 
151  $ 

2020
39 
12 
51 

The share-based payment plans are described below. The Corporation initially entered into these Equity Plans with their 
employees, some of whom following the spin-off of the asset management business became employees of the Company. 
At the time of the Arrangement all outstanding awards under these plans were modified such that the awards were split 
into two awards on a 4:1 basis, consistent with how shareholders participated in the Arrangement. As a result, a lower 
strike price was set for the historically held awards and a new strike price was set for the newly issued Manager awards 
in  order  to  provide  awardees  equivalent  value  before  and  after  the  Arrangement.  Following  the  Arrangement,  the 
Company employees are entitled to retain both the existing Corporation awards and the newly issued Manager awards. In 
accordance  with  ASC  718-20-35-6  these  changes  are  considered  modifications  for  the  purposes  of  ASC  718, 
Compensation  -  Stock  Compensation.  The  Company  has  determined  the  incremental  fair  value  of  the  modified 
instruments  and  will  reflect  the  impact  of  the  modification  prospectively  with  the  share  based  compensation  expense 
recognized in the financial statements for awards granted to its employees of the Company. All share count and per share 
disclosures are presented on a post-spin-off basis.

F-44                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As  a  result  of  the  Arrangement,  there  were  a  number  of  modifications  to  the  plans  during  2022.  There  were  no 
cancellations of or modifications to any of the plans during 2021 or 2020.

Management Share Option Plan

As summarized above, the Company recognizes any awards associated with the existing Equity Plans for its employees 
irrespective of whether the awards were initially granted by the Corporation or the Manager. The issuance of these new 
awards has been treated as a modification of the previous Brookfield Corporation plan under ASC 718, Compensation – 
Stock Compensation. Options issued under the Management Share Option Plan (“MSOP”) of both the Corporation and 
the Manager vest over a period of up to five years, expire ten years after the grant date and are settled through issuance 
of Class A shares of the Corporation or the Manager. The exercise price is equal to the market price at the grant date. For 
the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  the  total  expense  incurred  with  respect  to  MSOP  totaled  $26  million  (2021  – 
$12  million, 2020 – $11 million).

The change in the number of options outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

Brookfield Asset 
Management Ltd.

Brookfield Corporation

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise 
Price

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise 
Price

Outstanding as at January 1, 2022  ......................................
Transferred   ..........................................................................
Granted     ...............................................................................
Exercised     ............................................................................
Cancelled     ............................................................................
Outstanding as at December 31, 2022   ................................

—  $ 
— 
5,644 
— 
(13)   
5,631  $ 

— 
— 
22.90 
— 
35.55 
22.87 

17,499  $ 
3,588 
2,562 
(1,701)   
(120)   
21,828  $ 

23.66 
15.58 
46.62 
15.19 
38.09 
25.61 

Brookfield Corporation

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average Exercise 
Price

Outstanding as at January 1, 2021 ...............................................................................
Granted   ........................................................................................................................
Exercised      .....................................................................................................................
Outstanding as at December 31, 2021 .........................................................................

17,907  $ 
1,867 
(2,275)   
17,499  $ 

21.33 
35.56 
15.08 
23.66 

The weighted-average fair value of Brookfield Corporation options granted for the year ended December 31, 2022 was 
$8.82 (2021 – $5.71), and was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, with inputs to the model as follows:

AS AT AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED  DECEMBER 31                                                    
Weighted-average share price   ......................................................................
Average term to exercise    .............................................................................
Share price volatility1
    ...................................................................................
Liquidity discount    ........................................................................................
Weighted-average annual dividend yield      ....................................................
Risk-free rate   ................................................................................................

Brookfield Corporation

Unit

2022

2021

US$ $ 
Years  
%  
%  
%  
%  

46.62  $ 
7.5 
24.8 
25.0 
1.4 
1.9 

35.56 
7.5 
24.4 
25.0 
1.7 
1.0 

1.

Share price volatility was determined based on historical share prices over a similar period to the average term to exercise.

FORM 20-F                 F-45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The weighted-average fair value of Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. options granted for the year ended December 31, 
2022 was $3.50 and was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, with inputs to the model as follows:

AS AT AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED  DECEMBER 31
Weighted-average share price  ...............................................................................................
Average term to exercise      ......................................................................................................
Share price volatility1
     ...........................................................................................................
Liquidity discount      .................................................................................................................
Weighted-average annual dividend yield      .............................................................................
Risk-free rate     ........................................................................................................................

Brookfield Asset 
Management Ltd.

Unit

2022

US$ $ 
Years  
%  
%  
%  
%  

22.90 
7.4 
22.2 
25.0 
1.8 
2.1 

1.

Share price volatility was determined based on implied volatilities consistent with Brookfield Corporation's historical share prices over a similar 
period to the average term to exercise.

Escrowed Stock Plan

As  summarized  above,  the  execution  of  the  Arrangement  triggered  a  make-whole  arrangement  for  the  employee 
participants of the Equity Plans, whereby existing Escrowed Stock Plan (the “ES Plan”) participants were provided with 
both escrow shares of the Corporation and the Manager. Such awards provide executives with exposure to go-forward 
upside on Class A shares of both the Corporation and the Manager. Under the ES Plans, executives are granted common 
shares (the “ES Shares”) in one or more private companies that own Class A shares of the Manager and the Corporation. 
The  issuance  of  additional  instruments  under  the  Arrangement  is  accounted  for  as  a  modification  under  ASC  718, 
Compensation - Stock Compensation, for it is a make-whole arrangement due to the equity restructuring associated with 
the spin-off. 

The ES shares generally vest over five years and must be held to the fifth anniversary of the grant date. At a date no more 
than  ten  years  from  the  grant  date,  all  outstanding  ES  shares  will  be  exchanged  for  Class  A  shares  issued  by  the 
Corporation or the Manager based on the increase in market value between the date of grant and date of exercise of the 
respective Class A shares at the time of the exchange. An equal number of Class A shares held in the private Escrow 
companies will be cancelled such that the issuance of shares to employees is non-dilutive. In general, the shares issued 
on exchange will be less than the Class A shares purchased under the ES Plan resulting in a net reduction in the number 
of Class A shares issued.

Prior  to  the  Arrangement,  the  ES  Plan  only  provided  executives  with  indirect  ownership  of  Class  A  shares  of  the 
Corporation.  In  preparation  for  the  completion  of  the  Arrangement,  the  Corporation  accelerated  the  vesting  of  all 
outstanding ES shares and triggered a mandatory exchange of those determined to be in the money for Class A shares of 
the Corporation. Immediately following the mandatory exchange, all ES shares determined to be out of the money were 
replaced with new awards issued by the Corporation with a strike price reset to the in the money share price as at the 
point of exchange and the requisite services period reset to the 5-years. The fair value of the original awards immediately 
prior to the modification and the fair value of the replacement awards were assessed and it was determined that there was 
an incremental increase in fair value of $1 million. This increase, together with the historical unvested expense, will be 
amortized over the requisite vesting period of the newly issued awards.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the total expense incurred with respect to the ES Plan totaled $51 million (2021 – 
$8 million).

F-46                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

The changes in the number of ES shares during 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

Brookfield Asset 
Management Ltd.

Brookfield Corporation

Number of 
Units (000's)

Average 
Exercise 
Price

Number of 
Units (000's)

Average 
Exercise 
Price

Outstanding as at January 1, 2022  ......................................
Transferred   ..........................................................................
Granted     ...............................................................................
Exercised     ............................................................................
Outstanding as at December 31, 2022   ................................

—  $ 
— 
2,361 
— 
2,361  $ 

— 
— 
29.64 
— 
29.64 

10,361  $ 
318 
10,755 
(11,293)   
10,141  $ 

25.29 
46.22 
36.28 
29.10 
35.23 

Brookfield Corporation
Average 
Exercise 
Price

Number of 
Units (000's)

Outstanding as at January 1, 2021     ........................................................................................
Granted   ..................................................................................................................................
Exercised    ...............................................................................................................................
Outstanding as at December 31, 2021     ..................................................................................

9,489  $ 
1,209 
(337)   
10,361  $ 

23.56 
35.65 
13.76 
25.29 

The  weighted-average  fair  value  of  Brookfield  Corporation  escrowed  shares  granted  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2022  was  $7.66  (2021  –  $5.72),  and  was  determined  using  the  Black-Scholes  model  of  valuation  with  inputs  to  the 
model as follows:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED  DECEMBER 31
Weighted-average share price   ......................................................................
Average term to exercise    .............................................................................
Share price volatility1
    ...................................................................................
Liquidity discount    ........................................................................................
Weighted-average annual dividend yield      ....................................................
Risk-free rate   ................................................................................................

Brookfield Corporation

Unit

2022

2021

US$ $ 
Years  
%  
%  
%  
%  

36.28  $ 
7.20 
26.7 
25.0 
1.0 
3.7 

35.64 
7.50 
24.4 
25.0 
1.6 
1.0 

1.

Share price volatility was determined based on historical share prices over a similar period to the average term to exercise.

The  weighted-average  fair  value  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.  escrowed  shares  granted  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022 was $3.83, and was determined using the Black-Scholes model of valuation with inputs to the model 
as follows:

AS AT AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED  DECEMBER 31
Weighted-average share price    ...............................................................................................
Average term to exercise  .......................................................................................................
Share price volatility1
   ............................................................................................................
Liquidity discount    .................................................................................................................
Weighted-average annual dividend yield    ..............................................................................
Risk-free rate     .........................................................................................................................

Brookfield Asset 
Management Ltd.
2022
Unit

US$ $ 
Years  
%  
%  
%  
%  

29.64 
6.87 
28.9 
25.0 
5.3 
3.7 

1.

Share price volatility was determined based on implied volatilities consistent with Brookfield Corporation's historical share prices over a similar 
period to the average term to exercise.

FORM 20-F                 F-47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted Stock Plan

As  summarized  above,  the  execution  of  the  Arrangement  triggered  a  make-whole  arrangement  for  the  employee 
participants of the Equity Plans, whereby existing awardees of the Corporation's Restricted Stock Plans were provided 
with newly issued restricted shares of the Manager. This arrangement was intended to make the participant whole for the 
loss in value of the share price due to the execution of the Arrangement. Such arrangement has been accounted for as a 
modification under ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The Restricted Stock Plan awards executives with 
Class  A  shares  of  the  Corporation  and  the  Manager  purchased  on  the  open  market  (“Restricted  Shares”).  Under  the 
Restricted  Stock  Plan,  Restricted  Shares  awarded  vest  over  a  period  of  up  to  five  years,  except  for  Restricted  Shares 
awarded in lieu of a cash bonus, which may vest immediately. Vested and unvested Restricted Shares are subject to a 
hold  period  of  up  to  five  years.  Holders  of  Restricted  Shares  are  entitled  to  vote  Restricted  Shares  and  to  receive 
associated dividends. Employee compensation expense for the Restricted Stock Plan is charged against income over the 
vesting period.

During  2022,  the  Corporation  and  the  Manager  granted  1.1  million  Class  A  shares  and  1.3  million  Class  A  shares 
pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Restricted Stock Plan, resulting in the recognition of $55 million (2021 – $33 
million) of compensation expense.

Deferred Share Unit Plan and Restricted Share Unit Plan

The Deferred Share Unit ("DSU") Plan and Restricted Share Unit ("RSU") Plan provides for the issuance of DSUs and 
RSUs, respectively. Under these plans, qualifying employees and directors receive varying percentages of their annual 
incentive bonus or directors’ fees in the form of DSUs and RSUs. The DSUs and RSUs vest over periods of up to five 
years, and DSUs accumulate additional DSUs at the same rate as dividends on Class A shares of the Corporation and the 
Manager  based  on  the  market  value  of  the  Class  A  shares  at  the  time  of  the  dividend.  Participants  are  not  allowed  to 
convert DSUs and RSUs into cash until retirement or cessation of employment.

As  part  of  the  Arrangement,  the  employment  of  certain  awardees  holding  existing  DSUs  and  RSUs  granted  by  the 
Corporation was transferred to the Manager. In an effort to make the participating employees whole for the loss in value 
of the existing DSUs and RSUs, the Corporation granted new instruments which are structured to track against the share 
price of the Manager.

The  value  of  the  DSUs,  when  converted  to  cash,  will  be  equivalent  to  the  market  value  of  the  Class  A  shares  of  the 
Corporation and the Manager at the time the conversion takes place. The value of the RSUs, when converted into cash, 
will be equivalent to the difference between the market price of equivalent number of Class A shares of the Corporation 
or the Manager at the time the conversion takes place and the market price on the date the RSUs are granted. The fair 
value of the vested DSUs and RSUs as at December 31, 2022 was $168 million (2021 – $252 million).

Employee compensation expense for these plans is charged against net income over the vesting period of the DSUs and 
RSUs.  The  new  grant  of  DSUs  as  part  of  the  make-whole  arrangement  is  considered  a  modification  under  ASC  718, 
Compensation - Stock Compensation. The amount payable in respect of vested DSUs and RSUs changes as a result of 
dividends and share price movements. All of the amounts attributable to changes in the amounts payable by the company 
are  recorded  as  employee  compensation  expense  in  the  period  of  the  change.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022, 
employee compensation recovery totaled $195 million (2021 – expense of $98 million).

F-48                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

The change in the number of DSUs and RSUs outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as 
follows:

Brookfield Corporation

DSUs

RSUs

Number of Units 
BAM Ltd. 
Tracking (000's)

Number of Units 
BN Tracking 
(000's)

Number of Units 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average Exercise 
Price

Outstanding as January 1, 2022   .....
Transferred     ....................................
Granted and reinvested    ..................
Exercised and cancelled   ................
Outstanding as at December 31, 
2022     ...............................................

—   
—   
915   
—   

915   

3,397 
225 
234 
— 

3,856 

823  $ 
—   
—   
—   

823  $ 

3.92 
— 
— 
— 

3.92 

Brookfield Corporation

DSUs

RSUs

Outstanding as at January 1, 2021     ...............................................................
Granted  .........................................................................................................
Exercised  ......................................................................................................

Outstanding as at December 31, 2021      .........................................................

3,397 

Number of 
Units (000's)
4,893 
90 
(1,586)   

Number of 
Units (000's)

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise 
Price

823  $ 
—   
—   

823  $ 

3.92 
— 
— 

3.92 

9.  PREFERRED SHARES REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST

In  December  2022,  at  the  time  of  the  spin-off,  BUSHI  and  BMHL,  subsidiaries  of  the  Company,  entered  into 
arrangements with the Corporation whereby BUSHI and BMHL issued preferred shares to the Corporation in exchange 
for the Corporations holdings in BUSHI's and BMHL's common shares. 

The preferred shares are denoted as a form of preferred shares, which we also refer to as tracking shares and represents a 
class of ownership senior to common stock and subordinate to debt and are entitled to quarterly dividends when declared 
by BUSHI and BHML. The BUSHI preferred shares are redeemable at the option of the issuer after 10 years and the 
BMHL  preferred  shares  are  redeemable  when  a  redemption  triggering  event  has  occurred.  As  the  Company  does  not 
solely control the redemption event, these preferred shares are accounted for as redeemable non-controlling interests.

The Company accounts for the changes in the value of the redeemable non-controlling interest in accordance with ASC 
480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. The Company elects for the BUSHI preferred shares to recognize changes in 
the redemption value immediately as they occur and adjust the carrying amount to equal the redemption value at the end 
of each reporting period.  As the BMHL preferred shares are not currently redeemable and management has determined 
that it is not probable that the instrument will become redeemable no subsequent adjustment in the value of the preferred 
shares is expected. 

FORM 20-F                 F-49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The movement in the carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interests is as follows:

AS AT DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Balance at the beginning of the year    ................................................................................. $ 
Issuance of preferred shares     ..................................................................................................
Change in redemption price of preferred shares     ...................................................................
Balance at the end of the year     ............................................................................................ $ 

1,776 
35 
1,811  $ 

—  $ 

2022

10.  ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND OTHER

AS AT DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Accounts receivable   .............................................................................................................. $ 
Prepaid expenses     ...................................................................................................................
Other assets    ...........................................................................................................................

Other assets is primarily made up of tax recoveries not yet collected.

11.  ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND OTHER

$ 

AS AT DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Accounts payable  .................................................................................................................. $ 
Accrued liabilities   .................................................................................................................
Other liabilities   ......................................................................................................................

Other liabilities are primarily comprised of current taxes payable and accrued bonuses.

12.  GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

$ 

2022
245  $ 
61 
123 
429  $ 

2022
376  $ 
991 
475 
1,842  $ 

2021
— 
— 
— 
— 

2021
26 
40 
158 
224 

2021
561 
1,077 
234 
1,872 

The  carrying  value  of  Goodwill  was  $249  million  as  of  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020.  At  December  31,  2022, 
2021 and 2020, the company determined there was no evidence of goodwill impairment.

Intangible assets, net consists of the following:

AS AT DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Contractual customer relationships1
Accumulated amortization   ....................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................... $ 

2022

1.

Contractual customer relationships includes accumulated impairment of $73 million (2021 - $73 million).

Changes in intangible assets, net consists of the following:

$ 

82  $ 
(23)   
59  $ 

AS AT DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of year    .......................................................................... $ 
Amortization   ................................................................................................
Impairment and other  ...................................................................................
Balance, end of year   ..................................................................................... $ 

64  $ 
(5)   
— 
59  $ 

2022

71  $ 
(2)   
(5)   
64  $ 

2021

2021
82 
(18) 
64 

2020
123 
(6) 
(46) 
71 

Intangible  assets  consist  of  acquired  contractual  rights  to  earn  future  fee  income,  which  have  a  weighted-average 
amortization period of 6 years. Amortization of intangible assets held at December 31, 2022 is expected to be $3 million, 
$3 million, $3 million, $2 million, and $2 million for each of the years ending December 31, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 and 

F-50                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2027,  respectively.  The  impairment  of  contractual  customer  relationships  relates  to  a  decline  in  anticipated  future  fee 
income  of  a  specific  fund  management  entity  due  to  fund  redemptions  during  the  period.  Fair  value  was  determined 
using discounted cash flows of the reporting unit and the impairment is recorded in Other income (expense), net in the 
Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations.

13. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

AS AT DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Cash and bank balances    ................................................................................. $ 
Cash equivalents   ............................................................................................

2022
272  $ 

$ 

3,273 
3,545  $ 

2021
2,482 
12 
2,494 

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates their fair value. Cash equivalents comprises a deposit with the 
Corporation of $3.3 billion (2021- $nil).

14.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In the normal course of business, the Company entered into transactions with related parties and derived the majority of 
its revenue from the provision of asset management services to the Corporation along with its subsidiaries and operating 
entities. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded $3.2 billion of revenues derived from related 
party transactions on its Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations (2021 – $2.8 billion).

In the normal course of business, the Company entered into transactions with related parties by providing and borrowing 
on  short-term  credit  facilities,  working  capital  facilities,  as  well  as  unsecured  loans.  The  balances  due  and  from  these 
facilities as well as those amounts due and from equity compensation recharge and recovery arrangements are recorded 
as Due from affiliates and Due to affiliates on the Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheets.

Under the AMSA, the Manager provides the services of its employees and its Chief Executive Officer to the Company 
on a cost recovery basis. For services received, costs are recorded on a gross basis  in the Consolidated and Combined 
Statements  of  Operations.  In  the  current  year,  under  this  arrangement,  the  Company  has  recognized  $6  million  in  the 
Consolidated  and  Combined  Statements  of  Operations  which  includes  the  impacts  of  the  fair  value  movements  of  the 
cash-settled equity instruments provided by the Manager to the Company employees.

As outlined in the Relationship Agreement, the Corporation is responsible for the cost associated with the options and 
other  awards,  some  of  which  are  subject  to  revaluation  at  each  balance  sheet  date,  and  will  also  bear  the  cost  of  the 
employee  entitlement  to  carried  interest  on  mature  funds  either  directly  or  indirectly  through  reimbursement  to  the 
Company.  Income  generated  under  the  Relationships  Agreement  relating  to  these  instruments  is  recognized  as  Other 
revenue  in  the  Consolidated    and  Combined  Statement  of  Operations  on  a  gross  basis  as  the  instruments  vest.  In  the 
current  year,  the  Company  has  recognized  $12  million  expense  in  the  Consolidated  and  Combined  Statement  of 
Operations under this arrangement.

The  Company  places  cash  on  deposit  with  the  Corporation.  As  at  December  31  ,  2022,  our  net  deposit  with  the 
Corporation was $3.3 billion (December 31, 2021: $nil) and Company earned interest income of $9 million for the funds 
on deposit for the year ended December 31, 2022 (2021: $nil). Deposits bear interest at market rates.

FORM 20-F                 F-51

 
 
Due from affiliates and due to affiliates consisted of the following:

AS AT DECEMBER 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
(MILLIONS)
Due from Affiliates
Loans to related parties - operating    ....................................................................................... $ 
Receivables from affiliates related to share based compensation    .........................................
Loans to related parties    .........................................................................................................

2022

1,859  $ 
173  
89 
2,121 

Due to Affiliates
Operating payables due to related parties     .............................................................................
Payables to affiliates related to share based compensation    ...................................................
Borrowings from related parties     ...........................................................................................

811 
— 
— 

$ 

811  $ 

Due from affiliates

2021

6,187 
— 
545 
6,732 

4,105 
— 
4,102 

8,207 

Due  from  affiliates  of  $2.1  billion  (2021  -  $6.7  billion)  consists  of  $1.9  billion  (2021  -  $6.2  billion)  of  operating 
receivables which are comprised of asset management fees receivables, working capital facilities, and other outstanding 
short-term  credit  facilities  provided  to  the  Corporation  and  its  subsidiaries  in  the  normal  course  of  business.  Loans  to 
related parties are unsecured with floating rates of L-375 bps or a fixed interest rate of 0.14%. The prior period loans to 
related parties are unsecured with floating rates of L-375bps or fixed interest rates ranging from 2.5% – 6.5%. Maturities 
on loans to related parties range from 2023 to 2057. The loans were generally issued to finance acquisitions and fund 
commitments.

Due to affiliates

Due to affiliates of $811 million (2021 - $8.2 billion) consists of amounts payable to related parties for services received 
in the normal course of business including operating expenses payable. The prior year's borrowings from related parties 
of  $4.1  billion  are  unsecured  with  interest  rates  ranging  from  4.9%  –  6.0%  and  maturities  of  2023  –  2047.  The 
borrowings from related parties were fully settled during 2022.

15.  CORPORATE BORROWINGS

The Company did not have any corporate borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2022.

As at December 31, 2021 the Company’s corporate borrowings consisted of commercial paper contracted with financial 
institutions  under  normal  commercial  terms  for  short-term  liquidity  management.  The  commercial  paper  program  was 
wound down during the fourth quarter of 2022.

16.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments

On January 31, 2019, a subsidiary of the Company committed $2.8 billion to BSREP III and has funded $1.8 billion of 
the total commitment as of December 31, 2022 (December 31, 2021 – $1.9 billion). 

Contingencies

Litigation

The Company may from time to time be involved in litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of its business. The 
Company’s businesses are also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against the 
company.

The Company accrues a liability for legal proceedings only when those matters present loss contingencies that are both 
probable and reasonably estimable. In such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. 
Although there can be no assurance of the outcome of such legal actions, based on information known by management, 

F-52                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the Company does not have a potential liability related to any current legal proceeding or claim that would individually 
or in the aggregate materially affect its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

17.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On  March  6,  2023,  Oaktree  called  their  put  option  and  as  a  result,  the  Company  will  acquire  an  additional  6,118,831 
Oaktree Capital Group Holdings, L.P. units in exchange for $444 million increasing their ownership interest from 64.4% 
to 68.2%.

FORM 20-F                 F-53

Oaktree Asset Management Operating Group
Combined and Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2022

F-54                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Report of Independent Auditors

The Unitholders of Oaktree Asset Management Operating Group

Opinion
We  have  audited  the  combined  and  consolidated  financial  statements  of  Oaktree  Capital  II,  L.P.,    Oaktree  Capital 
Management,  L.P.,  Oaktree  AIF  Investments,  L.P.,  Oaktree  Capital  Management  (Cayman),  L.P.,  and  Oaktree 
Investment Holdings, L.P., and their consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the “Oaktree Asset Management Operating 
Group” or the “Company” as defined in Note 1), which comprise the combined and consolidated statement of financial 
condition as of December 31, 2022, and the combined and consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, 
cash flows, and changes in unitholders’ capital for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as 
the “financial statements”). 

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the 
Company at December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance 
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

Basis for Opinion
We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  auditing  standards  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America 
(GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit 
of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet our 
other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audit. We believe that 
the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Responsibilities of Management for the Financial Statements

Management  is  responsible  for  the  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America,  and  for  the  design,  implementation,  and 
maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free of 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  management  is  required  to  evaluate  whether  there  are  conditions  or  events, 
considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for 
one year after the date that the financial statements are available to be issued.

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free of material 
misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that  includes  our  opinion.  Reasonable 
assurance  is  a  high  level  of  assurance  but  is  not  absolute  assurance  and  therefore  is  not  a  guarantee  that  an  audit 
conducted in accordance with GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting 
a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, 
forgery,  intentional  omissions,  misrepresentations,  or  the  override  of  internal  control.  Misstatements  are  considered 
material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made 
by a reasonable user based on the financial statements.

In performing an audit in accordance with GAAS, we:

Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, 
and  design  and  perform  audit  procedures  responsive  to  those  risks.  Such  procedures  include  examining,  on  a 
test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.
Obtain  an  understanding  of  internal  control  relevant  to  the  audit  in  order  to  design  audit  procedures  that  are 
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the 
Company’s internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.  
Evaluate  the  appropriateness  of  accounting  policies  used  and  the  reasonableness  of  significant  accounting 
estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the financial statements.
Conclude  whether,  in  our  judgment,  there  are  conditions  or  events,  considered  in  the  aggregate,  that  raise 
substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope 
and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control-related matters that we identified during 
the audit. 

FORM 20-F                 F-55

Other Matter
The  accompanying  combined  and  consolidated  statement  of  financial  condition  of  the  Company  as  of  December  31, 
2021,  and  the  related  combined  and  consolidated  statements  of  operations,  comprehensive  income,  cash  flows,  and 
changes in unitholders’ capital for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related notes were not audited, 
reviewed, or compiled by us, and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on them.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Los Angeles, California
March 30, 2023

F-56                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

OAKTREE ASSET MANAGEMENT OPERATING GROUP

COMBINED AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2022

2021 
(unaudited)

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(THOUSANDS)
Assets

Cash and cash-equivalents    ................................................................................................. $      436,342
U.S. Treasury and other securities    .....................................................................................
319,004
Corporate investments (includes $43,276 and $84,420 measured at fair value as of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively)     .....................................................................
Due from affiliates   .............................................................................................................
Deferred tax assets   .............................................................................................................
Other assets    ........................................................................................................................
Right-of-use assets  .............................................................................................................

1,634,721
161,904
3,528
601,710
75,913

$      203,089
281,611

1,252,228
83,125
3,548
553,169
85,684

Assets of consolidated funds:

Cash and cash-equivalents    .................................................................................................
Investments, at fair value   ...................................................................................................
Dividends and interest receivable    ......................................................................................
Receivable for securities sold      ............................................................................................
Derivative assets, at fair value   ...........................................................................................
Other assets, net     .................................................................................................................

456,921
9,934,610
56,569
54,284
384
5,164
Total assets    .......................................................................................................................... $  13,741,054

490,008
11,514,222
36,607
223,439
663
5,362
$  14,732,755

Liabilities and Unitholders’ Capital
Liabilities:

Accrued compensation expense    ......................................................................................... $    1,206,291
193,134
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities   .................................................
18,886
Due to affiliates   ..................................................................................................................
1,043,534
Debt obligations (Note 10)      ................................................................................................
Operating lease liabilities      ..................................................................................................
98,021
Liabilities of consolidated funds:   .......................................................................................
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities   .................................................
Payables for securities purchased     ......................................................................................
Derivative liabilities, at fair value      .....................................................................................
Distributions payable      .........................................................................................................
Debt obligations of the consolidated funds     .......................................................................
Debt obligations of CLOs      ..................................................................................................
Total liabilities   ....................................................................................................................

98,175
402,253
1,542
—
222,421
8,745,652
12,029,909

$    1,097,288
167,103
72,836
899,470
110,739

46,966
953,216
38
25,807
414,000
7,806,263
11,593,726

Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Non-controlling redeemable interests in consolidated funds    .............................................
Unitholders’ capital:
Total unitholders’ capital    ...................................................................................................

466,021

2,141,523

1,245,124

997,506

Total liabilities and unitholders’ capital     .......................................................................... $  13,741,054

$  14,732,755

Please see accompanying notes to combined and consolidated financial statements.

FORM 20-F                 F-57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OAKTREE ASSET MANAGEMENT OPERATING GROUP

COMBINED AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED  DECEMBER 31
(THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER UNIT AMOUNTS)
Revenues
Management fees     ....................................................................................... $    1,066,236 $       967,629 $       805,319
5,911
Incentive fees and carried interest allocation     .............................................
811,230
Total revenues      ................................................................................................

220,797
1,287,033

449,502
1,417,131

2022

2021 
(unaudited)

2020 
(unaudited)

Expenses
Compensation and benefits   ........................................................................
Equity-based compensation    .......................................................................
Performance related compensation    ............................................................
Total compensation and benefits expense    ..................................................
General and administrative     ........................................................................
Depreciation and amortization     ...................................................................
Consolidated fund expenses    .......................................................................
Total expenses     ............................................................................................

(603,320)
(36,578)
(158,083)
(797,981)
(191,716)
(20,900)
(20,272)
(1,030,869)

(551,248)
(42,777)
(450,148)
(1,044,173)
(139,541)
(80,544)
(22,447)
(1,286,705)

(485,237)
(62,194)
(56,301)
(603,732)
(139,553)
(26,557)
(13,462)
(783,304)

Other income (loss)  ......................................................................................
Interest expense      .........................................................................................
Interest and dividend income       ....................................................................
Net realized gain (loss) on consolidated funds’ investments    ....................

Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on consolidated 
funds’ investments    .....................................................................................
Investment income      ....................................................................................
Other income, net      ......................................................................................
Total other income   .....................................................................................
Income before income taxes      ......................................................................

(297,578)
523,870
(38,748)

(191,934)
407,605
(14,301)

(193,680)
381,603
(76,164)

42,217
60,581
(2,998)
287,344
543,508

326,154
142,662
(6,981)
663,205
793,631

(40,718)
127,908
(451)
198,498
226,424

(9,236)
217,188

Income taxes     ....................................................................................................
Net income    ..................................................................................................

(26,069)
517,439

(15,710)
777,921

Less:    .............................................................................................................
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated funds 
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated 

subsidiaries   ...................................................................................................

(159,609)

(364,282)

(38,220)

(1,377)

(1,932)

(1,715)

Net income attributable to Oaktree Asset Management Operating 

Group    ........................................................................................................... $       356,453 $       411,707 $       177,253

Please see accompanying notes to combined and consolidated financial statements. 

F-58                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OAKTREE ASSET MANAGEMENT OPERATING GROUP

COMBINED AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

2020 
FOR THE YEARS ENDED  DECEMBER 31
(unaudited)
(THOUSANDS)
Net income    ................................................................................................... $       517,439 $       777,921 $       217,188
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

2021 
(unaudited)

2022

Foreign currency translation adjustments     .................................................
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax   ...........................................
Total comprehensive income   .......................................................................
Less:

(8,357)
(8,357)
509,082

10,858
10,858
788,779

(4,633)
(4,633)
212,555

Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests 
in consolidated funds      ................................................................................

(159,609)

(364,282)

(38,220)

Comprehensive (income) attributable to non-controlling interests in 
consolidated subsidiaries     ...........................................................................

Comprehensive income attributable to Oaktree Asset Management 

(1,377)

(1,932)

(1,715)

Operating Group unitholders  ................................................................... $       348,096 $       422,565 $       172,620

Please see accompanying notes to combined and consolidated financial statements.

FORM 20-F                 F-59

OAKTREE ASSET MANAGEMENT OPERATING GROUP

COMBINED AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED  DECEMBER 31
(THOUSANDS)
Operating activities

2022

2021 
(unaudited)

2020 
(unaudited)

Net income    ...................................................................................................... $       517,439 $       777,921 $       217,188
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating 
activities:  .........................................................................................................
Carried interest allocation, performance related revenue.............................
Carried interest allocation, performance related compensation    ...................
Investment income   .......................................................................................
Depreciation and amortization    .....................................................................
Equity-based compensation    .........................................................................
Net realized and unrealized (gain) loss from consolidated funds’ 
investments   ...................................................................................................

51,291
3,601
(127,908)
26,557
62,194

(328,165)
308,756
(142,662)
80,544
42,777

(63,192)
32,276
(60,581)
20,900
36,578

(311,853)

116,882

(3,469)

Accretion of original issue and market discount of consolidated funds’ 
investments, net     ............................................................................................
Income distributions from corporate investments in funds and companies   .
Other non-cash items ....................................................................................

Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities:

(Increase) decrease in deferred tax assets    ....................................................
Decrease (increase)  in other assets   ..............................................................
Increase (decrease) in net due to affiliates     ...................................................
Increase (decrease) in accrued compensation expense     ................................
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other 
liabilities    .......................................................................................................

Cash flows due to changes in operating assets and liabilities of 
consolidated funds
Increase in dividends and interest receivable     .................................................
(Increase) decrease in due from brokers   .........................................................
Increase in receivables for securities sold     ......................................................
(Increase) decrease in other assets    ..................................................................
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other 
liabilities      .........................................................................................................
Increase in payables for securities purchased    .................................................
Purchases of securities     ....................................................................................
Proceeds from maturities and sales of securities    ............................................
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities    .......................................

Cash flows from investing activities

(15,187)
113,467
911

321
14,171
(214,475)
76,727

(5,560)
99,673
1,974

94
9,878
(20,308)
116,966

(24,673)
99,102
3,016

(1,039)
(27,239)
31,220
47,520

(7,836)

(46,434)

92,598

(21,339)
—
164,265
(6,189)

29,328
(499,715)
(4,219,282)
2,665,006
(1,439,876)

(11,368)
(2,694)
(110,111)
4,198

31,139
361,434
(6,795,699)
4,502,056
(1,437,444)

Purchases of U.S. Treasury and other securities      ............................................
Proceeds from maturities and sales of U.S. Treasury and other securities   .....
Corporate investments in funds and companies    .............................................

(215,624)
178,065
(570,970)

Distributions and proceeds from corporate investments in funds and 
companies      .......................................................................................................
Purchases of fixed assets     ................................................................................
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities    ........................................

688,463
(6,953)
$ 
72,981

(17,050)
23,938
71,583

83,247
(5,250)
$ 
156,468

Please see accompanying notes to combined and consolidated financial statements.

F-60                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

4,080
2
(30,357)
12,216

(36,994)
187,182
(3,399,000)
2,909,648
217,087

(321,829)
43,153
(88,992)

143,249
(12,340)
$ 
(236,759)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OAKTREE ASSET MANAGEMENT OPERATING GROUP

COMBINED AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (CONT’D)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED  DECEMBER 31
(THOUSANDS)
Cash flows from financing activities

2022

2021 
(unaudited)

2020 
(unaudited)

Capital contributions    ................................................................................. $         50,000 $         50,000 $         50,000
(201,276)
Distributions to unitholders   .......................................................................
(3,907)
Distributions to non-controlling interests   ..................................................
250,000
Proceeds from issuance of debt obligations    ..............................................
Payment of debt issuance costs       .................................................................
(2,222)
(150,000)
Repayment of debt obligations  ..................................................................

(178,370)
—
400,000
(1,848)
(255,000)

(201,418)
(3,210)
200,000
(480)
(145,000)

Cash flows from financing activities of consolidated funds

Contributions from non-controlling interests   ............................................
Distributions to non-controlling interests   ..................................................
Proceeds from debt obligations issued by CLOs    .......................................
Payment of debt issuance costs       .................................................................
Repayment on debt obligations issued by CLOs   .......................................
Borrowings on credit facilities   ..................................................................
Repayments on credit facilities    .................................................................
Net cash provided by financing activities     ................................................

141,542
(61,889)
2,581,282
(7,611)
(1,049,450)
361,350
(128,350)
1,851,656

683,444
(301,531)
5,367,766
(2,577)
(3,800,803)
199,489
(858,089)
1,187,591

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash    ...................................................
Net increase in cash and cash-equivalents   .................................................
Initial consolidation (deconsolidation) of funds    ........................................
Cash and cash-equivalents, beginning balance    .........................................

(28,088)
456,673
(246,949)
699,899

(12,891)
(106,276)
11,995
794,180

270,230
(338,071)
1,054,403
(2,419)
(599,139)
6,364
(139,419)
194,544

4,869
179,741
(5,822)
620,261

Cash and cash-equivalents, ending balance     ............................................ $       909,623 $       699,899 $       794,180

Supplemental cash flow disclosures:

Cash paid for interest   ................................................................................. $       218,952 $       156,276 $       173,936
13,168
Cash paid for income taxes      .......................................................................

23,212

11,217

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities:

Net assets related to the initial consolidation of funds     ..............................
Net assets related to the deconsolidation of funds  .....................................

—
1,952,580

893,987
—

852,675
762,911

Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash-equivalents – Oaktree    ........................................................
Cash and cash-equivalents – Oaktree restricted cash      ................................
Cash and cash-equivalents – Consolidated funds    ......................................

324,078
51,906
418,196
Total cash and cash-equivalents   ............................................................... $       909,623 $       699,899 $       794,180

436,342
16,360
456,921

203,089
6,802
490,008

Please see accompanying notes to combined and consolidated financial statements.

FORM 20-F                 F-61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OAKTREE ASSET MANAGEMENT OPERATING GROUP

COMBINED AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN UNITHOLDER’S CAPITAL

YEAR ENDED  DECEMBER 31, 2022
(THOUSANDS)
Unitholders’ capital 
beginning of period   .............
Activity for the period:
Capital contributions    .............
Distributions declared    ...........
Capital increase related to 
equity-based compensation 
expense    ..................................
Net income   ............................
Foreign currency translation 
adjustment and other     .............
Unitholders’ capital end of 
period       ...................................

YEAR  ENDED  DECEMBER 31, 2021
(UNAUDITED, THOUSANDS)
Unitholders’ capital 
beginning of period   .............
Activity for the period:
Capital contributions    .............
Distributions declared    ...........
Capital increase related to 
equity-based compensation 
expense    ..................................
Net income   ............................
Foreign currency translation 
adjustment and other     .............
Unitholders’ capital end of 
period       ...................................

YEAR  ENDED  DECEMBER 31, 2020
(UNAUDITED, THOUSANDS)
Unitholders’ capital 
beginning of period   .............
Activity for the period:
Capital contributions    .............
Distributions declared    ...........
Capital increase related to 
equity-based compensation 
expense    ..................................
Net income   ............................
Foreign currency translation 
adjustment and other     .............
Unitholders’ capital end of 
period       ...................................

Unitholders’ 
Capital

Accumulated Other 
Comprehensive 
Loss

Non-controlling 
Interests in 
Consolidated 
Subsidiaries

Total Unitholders’ 
Capital

$                 996,497

$                     1,009

$                          — $                 997,506

50,000
(176,993)

36,578
356,453

(10,063)

—
—

—
—

(8,357)

—
(1,377)

—
1,377

—

50,000
(178,370)

36,578
357,830

(18,420)

$              1,252,472

$                   (7,348)

$                          — $              1,245,124

$                 702,647

$                  (9,849)

$                     1,278

$                 694,076

50,000
(201,418)

29,036
411,707

4,525

—
—

—
—

10,858

—
(3,210)

—
1,932

—

50,000
(204,628)

29,036
413,639

15,383

$                 996,497

$                     1,009

$                          — $                 997,506

$                 620,070

$                  (5,216)

$                    3,470

$                 618,324

50,000
(201,276)

62,194
177,253

(5,594)

—
—

—
—

(4,633)

—
(3,907)

—
1,715

—

50,000
(205,183)

62,194
178,968

(10,227)

$                 702,647

$                  (9,849)

$                     1,278

$                 694,076

Please see accompanying notes to combined and consolidated financial statements. 

F-62                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

OAKTREE ASSET MANAGEMENT OPERATING GROUP

NOTES TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of and for the years ended December 2022, 2021 (unaudited), and 2020 (unaudited) 

1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

Oaktree  is  a  leader  among  global  investment  managers  specializing  in  alternative  investments.  Oaktree  emphasizes  an 
opportunistic, value-oriented and risk-controlled approach to investments in credit, private equity, real assets and listed 
equities. Funds managed by Oaktree (the “Oaktree funds”) include commingled funds, separate accounts, collateralized 
loan obligation vehicles (“CLOs”) and business development companies (“BDCs”).  Commingled funds include open-
end  and  closed-end  limited  partnerships  in  which  Oaktree  makes  an  investment  and  for  which  it  serves  as  the  general 
partner. CLOs are structured finance vehicles in which Oaktree typically makes an investment and for which it serves as 
collateral manager.

Oaktree  Capital  Group,  LLC  (“OCG”)  is  a  Delaware  limited  liability  company  that  was  formed  on  April  13,  2007. 
OCG’s issued and outstanding member interests are divided into certain classes and series of units. OCG’s outstanding 
units are held by (i) an affiliate of Brookfield Asset Management, Inc. (“Brookfield”) as the sole holder of the OCG’s 
Class  A  common  units,  (ii)  preferred  unitholders  as  the  holders  of  Series  A  and  Series  B  preferred  units  listed  on  the 
NYSE, which represent only the right to receive certain distributions from OCG and such other rights as are specified in 
the relevant preferred unit designations, and (iii) Oaktree Capital Group Holdings, L.P. (“OCGH”) as the sole holder of 
OCG’s Class B common units, which units do not represent an economic interest in OCG. OCGH is owned by Oaktree’s 
senior  executives,  current  and  former  employees,  and  certain  other  investors  (collectively,  the  “OCGH  unitholders”). 
Subject  to  the  operating  agreement  of  OCG,  to  the  extent  the  approval  of  any  matter  requires  the  vote  of  OCG’s 
unitholders, the Class A units are entitled to one vote per unit and the Class B units are entitled to ten votes per unit, 
voting together as a single class. 

The  Oaktree  business  is  conducted  through  a  group  of  six  operating  entities  collectively  referred  to  as  the  “Oaktree 
Operating Group.” The interests in the Oaktree Operating Group are referred to as the “Oaktree Operating Group units.” 
An Oaktree  Operating Group unit is not a separate legal interest but represents one limited partnership interest in each of 
the Oaktree  Operating Group entities. OCGH has a direct economic interest in all six of the Oaktree Operating Group 
members. 

On  November  30,  2022,  OCG  completed  an  internal  reorganization  to  facilitate  the  separation  of  Brookfield’s  capital 
business  and  asset  management  business  (the  “2022  Restructuring”).  As  a  result  of  the  2022  Restructuring,  OCG’s 
operations are now conducted through an indirect economic interest in only one of the Oaktree Operating Group entities, 
Oaktree Capital I, L.P. (“Oaktree Capital I”), which relates to Brookfield’s capital business.  

The  accompanying  combined  and  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  five  remaining  operating  entities  that 
represent operations related to Brookfield’s capital business. These entities, which are under common control by OCGH, 
include  Oaktree  Capital  II,  L.P.  (“Oaktree  Capital  II”),  Oaktree  Capital  Management,  L.P.  (“OCM”),  Oaktree  AIF 
Investments,  L.P.  (“Oaktree  AIF”),  Oaktree  Capital  Management  (Cayman)  L.P.  (“OCM  Cayman”)  and  Oaktree 
Investment  Holdings,  L.P.  (“Oaktree  Investment  Holdings)  and  their  consolidated  subsidiaries  (herein  collectively 
referred to as “Oaktree Asset Management Operating Group,” “Oaktree”, or the “Company”). 

Basis of Presentation 

The  accompanying  combined  and  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  accounting 
principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America  (“GAAP”).  The  combined  and  consolidated  financial 
statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries and entities in which 
the Company is deemed to have a direct or indirect controlling financial interest based on either a variable interest model 
or  voting  interest  model.  Certain  of  the  Oaktree  funds  consolidated  by  the  Company  are  investment  companies  that 
follow  a  specialized  basis  of  accounting  established  by  GAAP.  All  intercompany  transactions  and  balances  have  been 
eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates 

The preparation of the combined and consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the Company 
to  make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  as  of  the  date  of  the 
combined  and  consolidated  financial  statements,  as  well  as  the  reported  amounts  of  income  and  expenses  during  the 
period then ended.  Actual results could differ from these estimates. 

FORM 20-F                 F-63

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Accounting Policies of the Company

Consolidation 

The  Company  consolidates  entities  in  which  it  has  a  direct  or  indirect  controlling  financial  interest  based  on  either  a 
variable  interest  model  or  voting  interest  model.  A  limited  partnership  or  similar  entity  is  a  variable  interest  entity 
(“VIE”) if the unaffiliated limited partners do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights.  Most of the Oaktree 
funds are VIEs because they have not granted unaffiliated limited partners substantive kick-out or participating rights. 
The  Company  consolidates  those  VIEs  in  which  it  is  the  primary  beneficiary.  An  entity  is  deemed  to  be  the  primary 
beneficiary if it holds a controlling financial interest. A controlling financial interest is defined as (a) the power to direct 
the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb 
losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The 
consolidation guidance requires an analysis to determine (a) whether an entity in which the Company holds a variable 
interest is a VIE and (b) whether the Company’s involvement, through holding interests directly or indirectly in the entity 
or  contractually  through  other  variable  interests  (e.g.,  management  and  performance-based  fees),  would  give  it  a 
controlling  financial  interest.  A  decision  maker’s  fee  arrangement  is  not  considered  a  variable  interest  if  (a)  it  is 
compensation for services provided, commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services, and part of 
a  compensation  arrangement  that  includes  only  terms,  conditions  or  amounts  that  are  customarily  present  in 
arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm’s length (“at-market”), and (b) the decision maker does not hold any 
other variable interests that absorb more than an insignificant amount of the potential VIE’s expected residual returns.

The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the time it becomes involved with a VIE and 
reconsiders  that  conclusion  at  each  reporting  date.  In  evaluating  whether  the  Company  is  the  primary  beneficiary,  the 
Company evaluates its economic interests in the entity held either directly by the Company or indirectly through related 
parties. The consolidation analysis can generally be performed qualitatively; however, if it is not readily apparent that the 
Company  is  not  the  primary  beneficiary,  a  quantitative  analysis  may  also  be  performed.  Investments  and  redemptions 
(either by the Company, affiliates of the Company or third parties) or amendments to the governing documents of the 
respective  Oaktree  funds  could  affect  an  entity’s  status  as  a  VIE  or  the  determination  of  the  primary  beneficiary.  The 
Company does not consolidate most of the Oaktree funds because it is not the primary beneficiary of those funds due to 
the fact that its fee arrangements are considered at-market and thus not deemed to be variable interests, and it does not 
hold  any  other  interests  in  those  funds  that  are  considered  to  be  more  than  insignificant.  Please  see  note  4  for  more 
information  regarding  both  consolidated  and  unconsolidated  VIEs.  For  entities  that  are  not  VIEs,  consolidation  is 
evaluated through a majority voting interest model.  

“Consolidated  funds”  refers  to  Oaktree-managed  funds  and  CLOs  that  the  Company  is  required  to  consolidate.  When 
funds or CLOs are consolidated, the Company reflects the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of the 
funds or CLOs on a gross basis, and the majority of the economic interests in those funds or CLOs, which are held by 
third-party investors, are reflected as non-controlling interests in consolidated funds or debt obligations of CLOs in the 
combined and consolidated financial statements. All of the revenues earned by the Company as investment manager of 
the consolidated funds are eliminated in consolidation. However, because the eliminated amounts are earned from and 
funded  by  third-party  investors,  the  consolidation  of  a  fund  does  not  impact  net  income  or  loss  attributable  to  the 
Company.

Certain  entities  in  which  the  Company  has  the  ability  to  exert  significant  influence,  including  unconsolidated  Oaktree 
funds for which the Company acts as general partner, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

Non-controlling Redeemable Interests in Consolidated Funds

The  Company  records  non-controlling  interests  to  reflect  the  economic  interests  of  the  unaffiliated  limited  partners. 
These  interests  are  presented  as  non-controlling  redeemable  interests  in  consolidated  funds  within  the  combined  and 
consolidated statements of financial condition, outside of the permanent capital section. Limited partners in open-end and 
evergreen  funds  generally  have  the  right  to  withdraw  their  capital,  subject  to  the  terms  of  the  respective  limited 
partnership  agreements,  over  periods  ranging  from  one  month  to  three  years.  While  limited  partners  in  consolidated 
closed-end  funds  generally  have  not  been  granted  redemption  rights,  these  limited  partners  do  have  withdrawal  or 
redemption  rights  in  certain  limited  circumstances  that  are  beyond  the  control  of  the  Company,  such  as  instances  in 
which retaining the limited partnership interest could cause the limited partner to violate a law, regulation or rule.

The allocation of net income or loss to non-controlling redeemable interests in consolidated funds is based on the relative 
ownership  interests  of  the  unaffiliated  limited  partners  after  the  consideration  of  contractual  arrangements  that  govern 
allocations of income or loss. At the consolidated level, potential incentives are allocated to non-controlling redeemable 

F-64                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

interests in consolidated funds until such incentives become allocable to the Company under the substantive contractual 
terms of the limited partnership agreements of the funds.

Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Funds

Non-controlling interests in consolidated funds represent the equity interests held by third-party investors in CLOs that 
had not yet priced as of the respective period end. All non-controlling interests in those CLOs are attributed a share of 
income or loss arising from the respective CLO based on the relative ownership interests of third-party investors after 
consideration  of  contractual  arrangements  that  govern  allocations  of  income  or  loss.  Investors  in  those  CLOs  are 
generally unable to redeem their interests until the respective CLO liquidates, is called or otherwise terminates. 

Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries

Non-controlling  interests  in  consolidated  subsidiaries  reflect  the  portion  of  unitholders’  capital  attributable  to  OCGH 
unitholders  (“OCGH  non-controlling  interest”)  and  third  parties.    All  non-controlling  interests  in  consolidated 
subsidiaries  are  attributed  a  share  of  income  or  loss  in  the  respective  consolidated  subsidiary  based  on  the  relative 
economic interests of the OCGH unitholders or third parties after consideration of contractual arrangements that govern 
allocations of income or loss.  Please see note 13 for more information.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments 

GAAP establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring financial instruments 
at fair value into three levels based on their market observability.  Market price observability is affected by a number of 
factors,  such  as  the  type  of  instrument  and  the  characteristics  specific  to  the  instrument.    Financial  instruments  with 
readily available quoted prices from an active market or for which fair value can be measured based on actively quoted 
prices  generally  will  have  a  higher  degree  of  market  price  observability  and  a  lesser  degree  of  judgment  inherent  in 
measuring fair value. 

Financial assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value are classified as follows: 

Level I – Quoted unadjusted prices for identical instruments in active markets to which the Company has access at 
the date of measurement.  The types of investments in Level I include exchange-traded equities, debt and derivatives 
with quoted prices. 

Level II – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments 
in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are directly or indirectly 
observable.  Level II inputs include interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment risks, loss severities, credit 
risks  and  default  rates.    The  types  of  investments  in  Level  II  generally  include  corporate  bonds  and  loans, 
government and agency securities, less liquid and restricted equity investments, over-the-counter traded derivatives, 
debt obligations of consolidated CLOs, and other investments where the fair value is based on observable inputs. 

Level  III  –  Valuations  for  which  one  or  more  significant  inputs  are  unobservable.    These  inputs  reflect  the 
Company’s  assessment  of  the  assumptions  that  market  participants  use  to  value  the  investment  based  on  the  best 
available  information.    Level  III  inputs  include  prices  of  quoted  securities  in  markets  for  which  there  are  few 
transactions, less public information exists or prices vary among brokered market makers.  The types of investments 
in Level III include non-publicly traded equity, debt, real estate and derivatives. 

In  some  instances,  the  inputs  used  to  value  an  instrument  may  fall  into  multiple  levels  of  the  fair-value  hierarchy.    In 
such  instances,  the  instrument’s  level  within  the  fair-value  hierarchy  is  based  on  the  lowest  of  the  three  levels  (with 
Level  III  being  the  lowest)  that  is  significant  to  the  fair-value  measurement.    The  Company’s  assessment  of  the 
significance of an input requires judgment and considers factors specific to the instrument.  Transfers of assets into or out 
of each fair value hierarchy level as a result of changes in the observability of the inputs used in measuring fair value are 
accounted  for  as  of  the  beginning  of  the  reporting  period.    Transfers  resulting  from  a  specific  event,  such  as  a 
reorganization or restructuring, are accounted for as of the date of the event that caused the transfer.

In  the  absence  of  observable  market  prices,  the  Company  values  Level  III  investments  inclusive  of  the  Company’s 
investments in unconsolidated Oaktree funds using valuation methodologies applied on a consistent basis.  The quarterly 
valuation process for Level III investments begins with each portfolio company, property or security being valued by the 
investment and/or valuation teams.  With the exception of open-end funds, all unquoted Level III investment values are 
reviewed  and  approved  by  (i)  the  Company’s  valuation  officer,  who  is  independent  of  the  investment  teams,  (ii)  a 
designated investment professional of each strategy and (iii) for a substantial majority of unquoted Level III holdings as 
measured  by  market  value,  a  valuation  committee  of  the  respective  strategy.    For  open-end  funds,  unquoted  Level  III 
investment values are reviewed and approved by the Company’s valuation officer.  For certain investments, the valuation 
process also includes a review by independent valuation parties, at least annually, to determine whether the fair values 
determined  by  management  are  reasonable.    Results  of  the  valuation  process  are  evaluated  each  quarter,  including  an 

FORM 20-F                 F-65

assessment of whether the underlying calculations should be adjusted or recalibrated.  In connection with this process, 
the Company periodically evaluates changes in fair-value measurements for reasonableness, considering items such as 
industry trends, general economic and market conditions, and factors specific to the investment. 

Certain assets are valued using prices obtained from pricing vendors or brokers.  The Company seeks to obtain prices 
from at least two pricing vendors for the subject or similar securities.  In cases where vendor pricing is not reflective of 
fair value, a secondary vendor is unavailable, or no vendor pricing is available, a comparison value made up of quotes for 
the subject or similar securities received from broker dealers may be used.  These investments may be classified as Level 
III because the quoted prices may be indicative in nature for securities that are in an inactive market, may be for similar 
securities, or may require adjustment for investment-specific factors or restrictions.  The Company evaluates the prices 
obtained from brokers or pricing vendors based on available market information, including trading activity of the subject 
or similar securities, or by performing a comparable security analysis to ensure that fair values are reasonably estimated.  
The  Company  also  performs  back-testing  of  valuation  information  obtained  from  pricing  vendors  and  brokers  against 
actual prices received in transactions.  In addition to ongoing monitoring and back-testing, the Company performs due 
diligence procedures surrounding pricing vendors to understand their methodology and controls to support their use in 
the valuation process.

Fair Value Option

The Company has elected the fair value option for the financial assets and financial liabilities of its consolidated CLOs. 
The  assets  and  liabilities  of  CLOs  are  primarily  reflected  within  the  investments,  at  fair  value  and  within  the  debt 
obligations  of  CLOs  line  items  in  the  combined  and  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition.  The  Company’s 
accounting  for  CLO  assets  is  similar  to  its  accounting  for  its  funds  with  respect  to  both  carrying  investments  held  by 
CLOs at fair value and the valuation methods used to determine the fair value of those investments. The fair value of 
CLO liabilities are measured as the fair value of CLO assets less the sum of (a) the fair value of any beneficial interests 
held  by  the  Company  and  (b)  the  carrying  value  of  any  beneficial  interests  that  represent  compensation  for  services. 
Realized gains or losses and changes in the fair value of CLO assets, respectively, are included in net realized gain on 
consolidated  funds’  investments  and  net  change  in  unrealized  appreciation  (depreciation)  on  consolidated  funds’ 
investments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Interest income of CLOs is included in interest and 
dividend income, and interest expense and other expenses, respectively, are included in interest expense and consolidated 
fund expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Changes in the fair value of a CLO’s financial 
liabilities  in  accordance  with  the  CLO  measurement  guidance  are  included  in  net  change  in  unrealized  appreciation 
(depreciation)  on  consolidated  funds’  investments  in  the  condensed  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  Please  see 
notes 6 and 8 for more information.

Foreign Currency 

The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries with non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are translated 
at exchange rates prevailing at the end of each reporting period.  The results of foreign operations are translated at the 
weighted average exchange rate for each reporting period.  Translation adjustments are included in other comprehensive 
income (loss) within the combined and consolidated statements of financial condition until realized.  Gains and losses 
resulting from foreign-currency transactions are included in general and administrative expense. 

Derivatives and Hedging

A derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from an underlying financial instrument or index, such as 
interest rates, equity securities, currencies, commodities or credit spreads.  Derivatives include futures, forwards, swaps 
or option contracts, and other financial instruments with similar characteristics.  Derivative contracts often involve future 
commitments  to  exchange  interest  payment  streams  or  currencies  based  on  a  notional  or  contractual  amount  (e.g., 
interest-rate swaps, foreign-currency forwards or cross-currency swaps). 

The  Company  enters  into  derivatives  as  part  of  its  overall  risk  management  strategy  or  to  facilitate  its  investment 
management  activities.  The  Company  manages  its  exposure  to  interest  rate  and  foreign  exchange  market  risks,  when 
deemed appropriate, through the use of derivatives, including foreign currency forward and option contracts, interest-rate 
and cross currency swaps with financial counterparties.  Risks associated with fluctuations in interest rates and foreign-
currency  exchange  rates  in  the  normal  course  of  business  are  addressed  as  part  of  the  Company’s  overall  risk 
management strategy that may result in the use of derivatives to economically hedge or reduce these exposures.  From 
time to time, the Company may enter into (a) foreign-currency option and forward contracts to reduce earnings and cash-
flow volatility associated with changes in foreign-currency exchange rates, and (b) interest-rate swaps to manage all or a 
portion  of  the  interest-rate  risk  associated  with  its  variable-rate  borrowings.    As  a  result  of  the  use  of  these  or  other 
derivative  contracts,  the  Company  is  exposed  to  the  risk  that  counterparties  will  fail  to  fulfill  their  contractual 
obligations.    The  Company  attempts  to  mitigate  this  counterparty  risk  by  entering  into  derivative  contracts  only  with 

F-66                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

major financial institutions that have investment-grade credit ratings. Counterparty credit risk is evaluated in determining 
the fair value of derivatives.

The Company recognizes all derivatives as assets or liabilities in its combined and consolidated statements of financial 
condition at fair value.  In connection with its derivative activities, the Company generally enters into agreements subject 
to enforceable master netting arrangements that allow the Company to offset derivative assets and liabilities in the same 
currency  by  specific  derivative  type  or,  in  the  event  of  default  by  the  counterparty,  to  offset  derivative  assets  and 
liabilities  with  the  same  counterparty.  While  these  derivatives  are  eligible  to  be  offset  in  accordance  with  applicable 
accounting guidance, the Company has elected to present derivative assets and liabilities based on gross fair value in its 
combined and consolidated statements of financial condition.

When  the  Company  enters  into  a  derivative  contract,  it  may  or  may  not  elect  to  designate  the  derivative  as  a  hedging 
instrument  and  apply  hedge  accounting  as  part  of  its  overall  risk  management  strategy.    In  other  situations,  when  a 
derivative does not qualify for hedge accounting or when the derivative and the hedged item are both recorded in current-
period earnings and thus deemed to be economic hedges, hedge accounting is not applied.  Freestanding derivatives are 
financial  instruments  that  we  enter  into  as  part  of  our  overall  risk  management  strategy  but  do  not  utilize  hedge 
accounting.  These financial instruments may include foreign-currency exchange contracts, interest-rate swaps and other 
derivative contracts.  

Leases

The Company determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception.  A lease is a contract that provides the 
right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.  For identified leases, the Company 
determines  whether  it  should  be  classified  as  an  operating  or  finance  lease.    Operating  leases  are  recorded  in  the 
combined  and  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition  as  separate  line  items:  right-of-use  assets  and  operating 
lease  liabilities.  Right-of-use  assets  represent  the  Company’s  right  to  use  an  underlying  asset  for  the  lease  term  and 
operating lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-
use assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease and measured based on 
the  present  value  of  lease  payments  over  the  lease  term.  The  right-of-use  asset  amount  also  includes  deferred  rent 
liabilities and lease incentives. The Company’s lease arrangements generally do not provide an implicit rate. As a result, 
in such situations the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement 
date in determining the present value of lease payments.  The Company may also include options to extend or terminate 
the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option in the measurement of its right-of-use assets and 
liabilities. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has 
lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately.  Please see note 11 
for more information. 

Cash and Cash-equivalents 

Cash and cash-equivalents include demand deposit accounts, money market funds and other short-term investments with 
maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition. 

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had cash balances with financial institutions in excess of Federal Deposit 
Insurance Corporation insured limits. The Company monitors the credit standing of these financial institutions.

U.S. Treasury and Other Securities 

U.S.  Treasury  and  other  securities  include  holdings  of  U.S.  Treasury  bills,  notes  and  bonds,  time  deposit  securities, 
commercial paper and investment grade debt securities, including sovereign debt, domestic and international corporate 
fixed and floating rate debt, structured credit and debt issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored entities with 
maturities  greater  than  three  months  from  the  date  of  acquisition.  These  securities  are  classified  as  trading  and  are 
recorded at fair value with changes in fair value included in investment income.

Corporate Investments

Corporate investments consist of investments in funds, including carried interest, companies in which the Company does 
not have a controlling financial interest and non-investment grade debt securities. Investments for which the Company is 
deemed  to  exert  significant  influence  are  accounted  for  under  the  equity  method  of  accounting  and  reflect  Oaktree’s 
ownership interest in each fund or company. In the case of investments for which the Company is not deemed to exert 
significant influence or control, the fair value option of accounting has been elected. Investment income represents the 
Company’s pro-rata share of income or loss from these funds or companies, or the change in fair value of the investment, 
as applicable. When we make an investment that qualifies for the equity method of accounting, there may be a difference 
in  the  purchase  price  of  the  investment  and  the  proportional  interest  in  the  underlying  equity  in  the  net  assets  of  the 
investee  —  often  referred  to  as  a  basis  difference.  The  basis  difference  is  amortized  against  the  Company’s  equity 

FORM 20-F                 F-67

earnings included in investment income. Oaktree’s general partnership interests are generally illiquid. While investments 
in funds reflect each respective fund’s holdings at fair value, equity-method investments in 17Capital Newco Limited, 
DoubleLine Capital LP and its affiliates (collectively, “DoubleLine”) and other companies are not adjusted to reflect the 
fair  value  of  the  underlying  company.  The  fair  value  of  the  underlying  investments  in  Oaktree  funds  is  based  on  the 
Company’s assessment, which takes into account expected cash flows, earnings multiples and/or comparisons to similar 
market transactions, among other factors. Valuation adjustments reflecting consideration of credit quality, concentration 
risk, sales restrictions and other liquidity factors are integral to valuing these instruments.

Non-investment  grade  debt  securities  include  domestic  and  international  corporate  fixed  and  floating  rating  debt  and 
structured credit investments. These securities are classified as trading and are recorded at fair value with changes in fair 
value included in investment income.

Revenue Recognition

The  Company  earns  management  fees,  carried  interest,  and  incentive  fees  from  the  investment  advisory  services  it 
provides to its customers.  Revenue is recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to customers in an 
amount  that  reflects  the  consideration  the  Company  expects  to  receive  in  exchange  for  those  services.    The  Company 
typically  enters  into  contracts  with  investment  funds  to  provide  investment  management  and  administrative  services.  
These  services  are  generally  capable  of  being  distinct  and  each  is  accounted  for  as  separate  performance  obligations 
comprised of distinct service periods because the services are performed over time.  The Company determined that for 
accounting purposes, based on certain facts and circumstances specific to each investment fund structure, that either the 
investment  fund  or  individual  investors  may  be  considered  the  customer  with  respect  to  commingled  funds,  while  the 
individual  investors  are  the  customers  with  respect  to  separate  account  and  fund-of-one  vehicles.  In  cases  where  the 
individual investors are determined to be the customer, placement fees may be capitalized as a cost to acquire a customer 
contract.  Capitalized  placement  fees  are  amortized  over  the  life  of  the  customer  contract.  The  Company  receives 
management  fees,  carried  interest,  and  incentive  fees  with  respect  to  its  investment  management  services,  and  it  is 
reimbursed  by  the  funds  for  expenses  incurred  or  paid  on  behalf  of  the  funds  with  respect  to  its  investment  advisory 
services and its administrative services. The Company evaluates whether it is the principal (i.e., report as management 
fees  on  a  gross  basis)  or  agent  (i.e.,  report  as  management  fees  on  a  net  basis)  with  respect  to  each  performance 
obligation  and  associated  reimbursement  arrangements.  The  Company  has  elected  to  apply  the  variable  consideration 
exemption for its fee arrangements with its customers.  Please see note 3 for more information on revenues.

Management Fees 

Management fees are recognized over the period in which the investment management services are performed because 
customers  simultaneously  consume  and  receive  benefits  that  are  satisfied  over  time.    The  contractual  terms  of 
management fees generally vary by fund structure. For closed-end funds, the management fee rate is generally applied 
against  committed  capital,  contributed  capital,  or  cost  basis  during  the  fund’s  investment  period  and  the  lesser  of 
aggregate contributed capital or cost basis of assets in the liquidation period.  For closed-end funds that pay management 
fees based on committed capital, Oaktree may elect to delay the start of the fund’s investment period and thus its full 
management fees, in which case it earns management fees based on contributed capital, until the Company elects to start 
the fund’s investment period. The Company’s right to receive management fees typically ends after 10 or 11 years from 
either the initial closing date or the start of the investment period, even if assets remain in the fund.  In the case of CLOs, 
the  management  fee  is  based  on  the  aggregate  par  value  of  collateral  assets  and  principal  cash,  as  defined  in  the 
applicable  CLO  indentures,  and  a  portion  of  the  management  fees  is  dependent  on  the  sufficiency  of  the  particular 
vehicle’s cash flow. For open-end and evergreen funds, the management fee is generally based on the NAV of the fund. 
For the BDCs, the management fee is based on gross assets (including assets acquired with leverage), net of cash or net 
assets.  In  the  case  of  certain  open-end  fund  accounts,  the  Company  has  the  potential  to  earn  performance-based  fees, 
typically  in  reference  to  a  relevant  benchmark  index  or  hurdle  rate,  which  are  classified  as  management  fees.  The 
Company also earns quarterly incentive fees on the investment income from certain evergreen funds, such as the BDCs 
and other fund accounts, which are generally recurring in nature and reflected as management fees.

The ultimate amount of management fees that will be earned over the life of the contract is subject to a large number and 
broad range of possible outcomes due to market volatility and other factors outside of Oaktree’s control. As a result, the 
amount of revenue earned in any given period is generally determined at the end of each reporting period and relates to 
services performed during that period. Included in this amount is a gross-up for reimbursable costs incurred on behalf of 
the Oaktree funds in which the Company has determined it is the principal within the principal and agent relationship of 
the  related  fund.  Such  reimbursable  costs  are  presented  in  compensation  and  benefits  and  general  and  administrative 
expenses.

F-68                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Incentive fees

Incentive  fees  earned  on  the  performance  of  certain  fund  structures  are  recognized  based  on  the  fund’s  performance 
during the period, subject to the achievement of minimum return levels with the respective returns set out in each fund’s 
investment  management  agreement.  Incentives  are  typically  subject  to  reversal  until  the  end  of  a  defined  performance 
period, as these fees are affected by changes in the fair value of the assets under management or advisement over such 
performance period. 

The Company recognizes incentive fees only when these amounts are realized and no longer subject to significant risk of 
reversal, which is typically at the end of a defined performance period and/or upon expiration of the associated clawback 
period (i.e., crystallization).

Carried interest allocation

Carried  interest  is  earned  from  those  arrangements  where  the  Company  has  a  general  partner  capital  interest  and  is 
entitled to a disproportionate allocation of investment income (referred to hereafter as “carried interest”). Each of these 
general partners is generally entitled to a carried interest that allocates to it 20% of the net profits realized by the limited 
partners from the fund’s investment subject to the return of contributed capital and a preferred return of typically 8% per 
annum  to  the  limited  partners.  The  Company  accounts  for  its  general  partner  interests  in  capital  allocation-based 
arrangements as financial instruments and records equity method income based on the proportionate share of the income 
of the investment fund, including carried interest, assuming the investment fund was liquidated as of each reporting date 
pursuant to each investment fund’s governing agreements. Accordingly, carried interest allocations are not deemed to be 
within the scope of ASC 606.

Carried interest is allocated to the general partner based on cumulative fund performance to date, and where applicable, 
subject to a preferred return to the funds’ limited partners. At the end of each reporting period, the Company calculates 
the carried interest that would be due to the Company  for each investment fund, pursuant to the fund agreements, as if 
the  fair  value  of  the  underlying  investments  were  realized  as  of  such  date,  irrespective  of  whether  such  amounts  have 
been  realized.  As  the  fair  value  of  underlying  investments  varies  between  reporting  periods,  it  is  necessary  to  make 
adjustments to amounts recorded as carried interest to reflect either (a) positive performance resulting in an increase in 
unrealized carried interest or (b) negative performance that would cause the amount due to the Company to be less than 
the amount previously recognized, resulting in a negative adjustment to unrealized carried interest. The Company ceases 
to  record  negative  unrealized  carried  interest  once  previously  recognized  unrealized  carried  interest  for  an  investment 
fund have been fully reversed. Unrealized carried interest reverses when carried interest is realized.

Total Compensation and Benefits

Compensation and Benefits

Compensation  and  benefits  expense  reflects  all  compensation-related  items  not  directly  related  to  incentive  fees  and 
carried  interest  allocation,  investment  income  or  equity-based  compensation,  and  includes  salaries,  bonuses, 
compensation  based  on  management  fees  or  a  definition  of  profits,  employee  benefits,  payroll  taxes,  phantom  equity 
awards,  and  long-term  incentive  plan.  Bonuses  are  generally  accrued  over  the  related  service  period.  Phantom  equity 
awards  represent  liability-classified  awards  subject  to  vesting  and  remeasurement  at  the  end  of  each  reporting  period. 
The remeasurement is based on changes in the value of Converted OCGH Units or other OCGH units, as applicable.

Equity-based Compensation 

Equity-based  compensation  expense  reflects  the  non-cash  charge  associated  with  grants  of  Converted  OCGH  units, 
OCGH units, OCGH equity value units (“EVUs”), OEP units, deferred equity units and other performance-based units.

Equity-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., awards vested at grant) are expensed immediately. Equity-
based  awards  that  require  future  service  are  expensed  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  requisite  service  period.  Cash-
settled equity-based awards are classified as liabilities and are remeasured at the end of each reporting period.

With respect to forfeitures, the Company made an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures when they occur. 
Accordingly, no forfeitures have been assumed in the calculation of compensation expense.

Performance Related Compensation

Performance  related  compensation  expense  primarily  reflects  compensation  directly  related  to  carried  interest  and 
incentive  fees,  which  generally  consists  of  percentage  interests  (sometimes  referred  to  as  “points”)  that  the  Company 
grants  to  its  investment  professionals  associated  with  the  particular  fund  that  generates  the  incentive  fees  and  carried 
interest allocation, and secondarily, compensation directly related to investment income. The Company has an obligation 
to  pay  a  fixed  percentage  of  the  carried  interest  earned  from  a  particular  fund  to  specified  investment  professionals 
responsible for the management of the fund. Performance related compensation is recognized in the same period that the 

FORM 20-F                 F-69

related carried interests are recognized. Performance related compensation can be reversed during periods when there is a 
reversal of carried interest that was previously recognized. 

Performance  related  compensation  payable  represents  the  amounts  payable  to  professionals  who  are  entitled  to  a 
proportionate share of carried interest in one or more funds. The liability is calculated based upon the change to realize 
and unrealized carried interest but not payable until the carried interest itself is realized. 

Fixed Assets

Fixed  assets  consist  of  furniture  and  equipment,  capitalized  software,  office  leasehold  improvements  and  a  company-
owned aircraft and are amortized over their estimated useful lives.

Depreciation and Amortization 

Depreciation  and  amortization  expense  includes  costs  associated  with  the  purchase  of  furniture  and  equipment, 
capitalized  software  and  office  leasehold  improvements.  Furniture  and  equipment  and  capitalized  software  are 
depreciated  using  the  straight-line  method  over  the  estimated  useful  life  of  the  asset,  generally  three  to  five  years 
beginning  in  the  first  full  month  after  the  asset  is  placed  in  service.  Leasehold  improvements  are  amortized  using  the 
straight-line method over the shorter of the respective estimated useful life or the lease term.

Goodwill and Intangibles

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of identifiable net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill has 
an indefinite useful life and is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each 
fiscal year, or more frequently when events or circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred.

The Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets primarily relate to contractual rights to earn future management 
fees and incentive fee. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which range from 
seven to 25 years, and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount 
of the asset may not be recoverable.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net represents non-operating income or expense items.

Income Taxes

The  five  limited  partnerships  of  the  Company  are  treated  as  partnerships  for  tax  purposes,  with  the  tax  effects  of  its 
activities  flowing  through  to  the  income  tax  returns  of  its  unitholders.  Consequently,  no  provision  for  income  taxes  is 
made except for non-U.S. and state and local income taxes incurred directly by the Company. The Company recorded tax 
expense of $26.1 million and $15.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Oaktree analyzes its tax filing positions for all open tax years in all of the non-U.S. and state and local tax jurisdictions 
where  it  is  required  to  file  income  tax  returns.  If  the  Company  determines  that  uncertainties  in  tax  positions  exist,  a 
reserve is established. Oaktree recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions within income 
tax expense in the consolidated and combined statements of operations. As of December 31, 2022, there is an income tax 
reserve balance of $11.6 million.

When assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is probable that some or all of 
the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In determining whether the deferred tax assets are realizable, the Company 
considers the period of expiration of the tax asset, historical and projected taxable income, and tax liabilities for the tax 
jurisdiction in which the tax asset is located. The deferred tax asset recognized by the Company, as it relates to the higher 
tax basis in the carrying value of certain assets compared to the book basis of those assets, will be recognized in future 
years  by  these  taxable  entities.  Deferred  tax  assets  are  based  on  the  amount  of  the  tax  benefit  that  the  Company’s 
management has determined is more likely than not to be realized in future periods. In determining the realizability of 
this tax benefit, management considered numerous factors that will give rise to pre-tax income in future periods. Among 
these are the historical and expected future book and tax basis pre-tax income of the Company and unrealized gains in 
the Company’s assets at the determination date. Based on these and other factors, the Company determined that, as of 
December 31, 2022, all deferred tax assets were more likely than not to be realized in future periods.

The Company files its tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal 
course  of  business,  the  Company  is  subject  to  examination  by  federal,  state,  local  and  non-U.S.  tax  regulators.  With 
limited exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to income tax audits by taxing authorities for the years before 2019. 
Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, the Company does not believe the outcome of any current audit 
will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated and combined financial statements.

F-70                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Tax authorities currently are examining certain income tax returns of Oaktree, with a portion of these examinations at an 
advanced stage. Over the next four quarters through December 31, 2023, the Company believes that it is possible that 
one  outcome  of  these  current  examinations  may  be  the  settlement  of  up  to  approximately  $9.3  million  of  previously 
accrued income taxes. The Company believes that it has adequately provided for any reasonably foreseeable outcomes 
related  to  its  tax  examinations  and  that  any  settlements  related  thereto  will  not  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the 
Company’s financial position or results of operations; however, there can be no assurances as to the ultimate outcomes.

Tax  laws  are  complex  and  subject  to  different  interpretations  by  the  taxpayer  and  respective  governmental  taxing 
authorities.    Significant  judgment  is  required  in  determining  tax  expense  and  in  evaluating  tax  positions,  including 
evaluating  uncertainties.    The  Company  reviews  its  tax  positions  quarterly  and  adjusts  its  tax  balances  as  new 
information becomes available. 

The  Oaktree  funds  are  generally  not  subject  to  U.S.  federal  and  state  income  taxes  and,  consequently,  no  income  tax 
provision  has  been  made  in  the  accompanying  combined  and  consolidated  financial  statements  because  individual 
partners are responsible for their proportionate share of the taxable income. 

Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other gains and losses affecting unitholders’ capital that 
are excluded from net income (loss). Other gains and losses result from foreign-currency translation adjustments, net of 
tax. 

Accounting Policies of Consolidated Funds 

Investment Transactions and Income Recognition 

The consolidated funds record investment transactions at cost on trade date for publicly-traded securities or when they 
have an enforceable right to acquire the security, which is generally on the closing date if not publicly traded.  Realized 
gains and losses on investments are recorded on a specific-identification basis. The consolidated funds record dividend 
income on the ex-dividend date and interest income on an accrual basis, unless the related investment is in default or if 
collection of the income is otherwise considered doubtful.  The consolidated funds may hold investments that provide for 
interest payable in-kind rather than in cash, in which case the related income is recorded at its estimated net realizable 
amount. 

Income Taxes

The  consolidated  funds  may  invest  in  operating  entities  that  are  treated  as  partnerships  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax 
purposes which may give rise to unrelated business taxable income or income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or 
business.  In such situations, the consolidated funds permit certain investors to elect to participate in these investments 
through a “blocker structure” using entities that are treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes and are 
generally  subject  to  U.S.  federal,  state  and  local  taxes.    The  consolidated  funds  withhold  blocker  expenses  and  tax 
payments from electing limited partners, which are treated as deemed distributions to such limited partners pursuant to 
the terms of the respective limited partnership agreement. 

Foreign Currency 

Investments  denominated  in  non-U.S.  currencies  are  recorded  in  the  combined  and  consolidated  financial  statements 
after translation into U.S. dollars utilizing rates of exchange on the last business day of the period. Interest and dividend 
income is recorded net of foreign withholding taxes and calculated using the exchange rate in effect when the income is 
recognized.  The  effect  of  changes  in  exchange  rates  on  assets  and  liabilities,  income,  and  realized  gains  or  losses  is 
included as part of net realized gain (loss) on consolidated funds’ investments and net change in unrealized appreciation 
(depreciation) on consolidated funds’ investments in the consolidated statements of operations. 

Cash and Cash-equivalents 

Cash  and  cash-equivalents  held  at  the  consolidated  funds  represent  cash  that,  although  not  legally  restricted,  is  not 
available to support the general liquidity needs of the Company as the use of such amounts is generally limited to the 
investment activities of the consolidated funds. Cash-equivalents, a Level I valuation, include highly liquid investments 
such as money market funds, whose carrying value approximates fair value due to its short-term nature.  

Receivable for Investments Sold 

Receivables  for  investments  sold  by  the  consolidated  funds  are  recorded  at  net  realizable  value.    Changes  in  net 
realizable  value  are  reflected  within  net  change  in  unrealized  appreciation  (depreciation)  on  consolidated  funds’ 
investments and realizations are reflected within net realized gain on consolidated funds’ investments in the consolidated 
statements of operations.

FORM 20-F                 F-71

Investments, at Fair Value 

The  consolidated  funds  include  investment  limited  partnerships  and  CLOs  that  reflect  their  investments,  including 
majority-owned  and  controlled  investments,  at  fair  value.  The  Company  has  retained  the  specialized  investment 
company  accounting  guidance  for  investment  limited  partnerships  with  respect  to  consolidated  investments  and  has 
elected  the  fair  value  option  for  the  financial  assets  of  CLOs.  Thus,  the  consolidated  investments  are  reflected  in  the 
combined and consolidated statements of financial condition at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses resulting from 
changes in fair value reflected as a component of net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on consolidated 
funds’ investments in the consolidated statements of operations. Fair value is the amount that would be received to sell 
an  asset  or  paid  to  transfer  a  liability  in  an  orderly  transaction  between  market  participants  at  the  measurement  date 
(i.e., the exit price). 

Non-publicly traded debt and equity securities and other securities or instruments for which reliable market quotations 
are  not  available  are  valued  by  management  using  valuation  methodologies  applied  on  a  consistent  basis.    These 
securities may initially be valued at the acquisition price as the best indicator of fair value.  The Company reviews the 
significant  unobservable  inputs,  valuations  of  comparable  investments  and  other  similar  transactions  for  investments 
valued  at  acquisition  price  to  determine  whether  another  valuation  methodology  should  be  utilized.    Subsequent 
valuations will depend on the facts and circumstances known as of the valuation date and the application of valuation 
methodologies as further described below under “—Non-publicly Traded Equity and Real Estate Investments.”  The fair 
value may also be based on a pending transaction expected to close after the valuation date.

Exchange-traded Investments 

Securities listed on one or more national securities exchanges are valued at their last reported sales price on the date of 
valuation.  If no sale occurred on the valuation date, the security is valued at the mean of the last “bid” and “ask” prices 
on  the  valuation  date.    Securities  that  are  not  readily  marketable  due  to  legal  restrictions  that  may  limit  or  restrict 
transferability  are  generally  valued  at  a  discount  from  quoted  market  prices.    The  discount  would  reflect  the  amount 
market participants would require due to the risk relating to the inability to access a public market for the security for the 
specified  period  and  would  vary  depending  on  the  nature  and  duration  of  the  restriction  and  the  perceived  risk  and 
volatility  of  the  underlying  securities.    Securities  with  longer  duration  restrictions  or  higher  volatility  are  generally 
valued at a higher discount.  Such discounts are generally estimated based on put option models or an analysis of market 
studies.    Instances  where  the  Company  has  applied  discounts  to  quoted  prices  of  restricted  listed  securities  have  been 
infrequent.    The  impact  of  such  discounts  is  not  material  to  the  Company’s  combined  and  consolidated  statements  of 
financial condition and results of operations for all periods presented. 

Credit-oriented Investments (including Real Estate Loan Portfolios)

Investments in corporate and government debt which are not listed or admitted to trading on any securities exchange are 
valued  at  the  mean  of  the  last  bid  and  ask  prices  on  the  valuation  date  based  on  quotations  supplied  by  recognized 
quotation services or by reputable broker-dealers. 

The market-yield approach is considered in the valuation of non-publicly traded debt securities, utilizing expected future 
cash flows and discounted using estimated current market rates.  Discounted cash-flow calculations may be adjusted to 
reflect  current  market  conditions  and/or  the  perceived  credit  risk  of  the  borrower.    Consideration  is  also  given  to  a 
borrower’s  ability  to  meet  principal  and  interest  obligations;  this  may  include  an  evaluation  of  collateral  and/or  the 
underlying value of the borrower utilizing techniques described below under “—Non-publicly Traded Equity and Real 
Estate Investments.” 

Non-publicly Traded Equity and Real Estate Investments 

The fair value of equity and real estate investments is determined using a cost, market or income approach.  The cost 
approach  is  based  on  the  current  cost  of  reproducing  a  real  estate  investment  less  deterioration  and  functional  and 
economic obsolescence.  The market approach utilizes valuations of comparable public companies and transactions, and 
generally seeks to establish the enterprise value of the portfolio company or investment property using a market-multiple 
methodology.  This approach takes into account the financial measure (such as EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, free cash 
flow,  net  operating  income,  net  income,  book  value  or  net  asset  value)  believed  to  be  most  relevant  for  the  given 
company or investment property.  Consideration also may be given to factors such as acquisition price of the security or 
investment  property,  historical  and  projected  operational  and  financial  results  for  the  portfolio  company,  the  strengths 
and  weaknesses  of  the  portfolio  company  or  investment  property  relative  to  its  comparable  companies  or  properties, 
industry trends, general economic and market conditions, and others deemed relevant.  The income approach is typically 
a discounted cash-flow method that incorporates expected timing and level of cash flows.  It incorporates assumptions in 
determining growth rates, income and expense projections, discount and capitalization rates, capital structure, terminal 

F-72                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

values, and other factors.  The applicability and weight assigned to market and income approaches are determined based 
on the availability of reliable projections and comparable companies and transactions. 

The  valuation  of  securities  may  be  impacted  by  expectations  of  investors’  receptiveness  to  a  public  offering  of  the 
securities, the size of the holding of the securities and any associated control, information with respect to transactions or 
offers for the securities (including the transaction pursuant to which the investment was made and the elapsed time from 
the date of the investment to the valuation date), and applicable restrictions on the transferability of the securities. 

These valuation methodologies involve a significant degree of management judgment.  Accordingly, valuations by the 
Company do not necessarily represent the amounts that eventually may be realized from sales or other dispositions of 
investments.  Fair values may differ from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investment 
existed, and the differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements. 

Securities Sold Short 

Securities sold short represent obligations of the consolidated funds to make a future delivery of a specific security and, 
correspondingly,  create  an  obligation  to  purchase  the  security  at  prevailing  market  prices  (or  deliver  the  security,  if 
owned by the consolidated funds) as of the delivery date.  As a result, these short sales create the risk that the funds’ 
obligations  to  satisfy  the  delivery  requirement  may  exceed  the  amount  recorded  in  the  accompanying  combined  and 
consolidated statements of financial condition. 

Securities sold short are recorded at fair value, with the resulting change in value reflected as a component of net change 
in  unrealized  appreciation  (depreciation)  on  consolidated  funds’  investments  in  the  consolidated  statements  of 
operations.  When the securities are delivered, any gain or loss is included in net realized gain on consolidated funds’ 
investments.    The  funds  maintain  cash  deposits  with  prime  brokers  in  order  to  cover  their  obligations  on  short  sales.  
These amounts are included in due from brokers in the combined and consolidated statements of financial condition. 

Options 

The  purchase  price  of  a  call  option  or  a  put  option  is  recorded  as  an  investment,  which  is  carried  at  fair  value.    If  a 
purchased  option  expires,  a  loss  in  the  amount  of  the  cost  of  the  option  is  realized.    When  there  is  a  closing  sale 
transaction, a gain or loss is realized if the proceeds are greater or less than, respectively, the cost of the option.  When a 
call option is exercised, the cost of the security purchased upon exercise is increased by the premium originally paid. 

When a consolidated fund writes an option, the premium received is recorded as a liability and is subsequently adjusted 
to the current fair value of the option written.  If a written option expires, a gain is realized in the amount of the premium 
received.    The  difference  between  the  premium  and  the  amount  paid  on  effecting  a  closing  purchase  transaction, 
including brokerage commissions, is also treated as a realized gain or loss.  The writer of an option bears the market risk 
of  an  unfavorable  change  in  the  price  of  the  security  underlying  the  written  option.    Options  written  are  included  in 
accounts  payable,  accrued  expenses  and  other  liabilities  in  the  combined  and  consolidated  statements  of  financial 
condition. 

Total-return Swaps 

A total-return swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows based on an underlying asset.  Pursuant to these agreements, 
a fund may deposit collateral with the counterparty and may pay a swap fee equal to a fixed percentage of the value of 
the underlying security (notional amount).  A fund earns interest on cash collateral held on account with the counterparty 
and  may  be  required  to  deposit  additional  collateral  equal  to  the  unrealized  appreciation  or  depreciation  on  the 
underlying  asset.    Changes  in  the  value  of  the  swaps,  which  are  recorded  as  unrealized  gains  or  losses,  are  based  on 
changes in the underlying value of the security.  All amounts exchanged with the swap counterparty representing capital 
appreciation or depreciation, dividend income and expense, items of interest income on short proceeds, borrowing costs 
on  short  sales,  and  commissions  are  recorded  as  realized  gains  or  losses.    Dividend  income  and  expense  on  the 
underlying assets are accrued as unrealized gains or losses on the ex-date.  

Due From Brokers 

Due  from  brokers  represents  cash  owned  by  the  consolidated  funds  and  cash  collateral  on  deposit  with  brokers  and 
counterparties that are used as collateral for the consolidated funds’ securities and swaps. 

Risks and Uncertainties 

Certain consolidated funds invest primarily in the securities of entities that are undergoing, or are considered likely to 
undergo, reorganization, debt restructuring, liquidation or other extraordinary transactions.  Investments in such entities 
are considered speculative and involve substantial risk of principal loss.  Certain of the consolidated funds’ investments 
may also consist of securities that are thinly traded, securities and other assets for which no market exists, and securities 
which are restricted as to their transferability.  Additionally, investments are subject to concentration and industry risks, 

FORM 20-F                 F-73

reflecting numerous factors, including political, regulatory or economic issues that could cause the investments and their 
markets to be relatively illiquid and their prices relatively volatile.  Investments denominated in non-U.S. currencies or 
involving non-U.S. domiciled entities are subject to risks and special considerations not typically associated with U.S. 
investments.  Such risks may include, but are not limited to, investment and repatriation restrictions; currency exchange-
rate fluctuations; adverse political, social and economic developments; less liquidity; smaller capital markets; and certain 
local tax law considerations. 

Credit risk is the potential loss that may be incurred from the failure of a counterparty or an issuer to make payments 
according to the terms of a contract.  Some consolidated funds are subject to additional credit risk due to strategies of 
investing in debt of financially distressed issuers or derivatives, as well as involvement in privately-negotiated structured 
notes  and  structured-credit  transactions.    Counterparties  include  custodian  banks,  major  brokerage  houses  and  their 
affiliates.  The Company monitors the creditworthiness of the financial institutions with which it conducts business. 

Bank  debt  has  exposure  to  certain  types  of  risk,  including  interest  rate,  market,  and  the  potential  non-payment  of 
principal and interest as a result of default or bankruptcy of the issuer.  Loans are generally subject to prepayment risk, 
which will affect the maturity of such loans.  The consolidated funds may enter into bank debt participation agreements 
through contractual relationships with a third-party intermediary, causing the consolidated funds to assume the credit risk 
of both the borrower and the intermediary. 

Certain  consolidated  funds  may  invest  in  real  property  and  real  estate-related  investments,  including  commercial 
mortgage-backed  securities  (“CMBS”)  and  real  estate  loans,  that  entail  substantial  inherent  risks.    There  can  be  no 
assurance that such investments will increase in value or that significant losses will not be incurred.  CMBS are subject 
to a number of risks, including credit, interest rate, prepayment and market.  These risks can be affected by a number of 
factors, including general economic conditions, particularly those in the area where the related mortgaged properties are 
located, the level of the borrowers’ equity in the mortgaged properties, and the relative timing and rate of delinquencies 
and prepayments of mortgage loans bearing a higher rate of interest.  Real estate loans include residential or commercial 
loans that are non-performing at the time of their acquisition or that become non-performing following their acquisition.  
Non-performing real estate loans may require a substantial amount of workout negotiations or restructuring, which may 
entail,  among  other  things,  a  substantial  reduction  in  the  interest  rate  and/or  write-down  of  the  principal  balance.  
Moreover,  foreclosure  on  collateral  securing  one  or  more  real  estate  loans  held  by  the  consolidated  funds  may  be 
necessary, which may be lengthy and expensive.  Residential loans are typically subject to risks associated with the value 
of  the  underlying  properties,  which  may  be  affected  by  a  number  of  factors  including  general  economic  conditions, 
mortgage  qualification  standards,  local  market  conditions  such  as  employment  levels,  the  supply  of  homes,  and  the 
safety, convenience and attractiveness of the properties and neighborhoods.  Commercial loans are typically subject to 
risks associated with the ability of the borrower to repay, which may be impacted by general economic conditions, as 
well as borrower-specific factors including the quality of management, the ability to generate sufficient income to make 
scheduled principal and interest payments, or the ability to obtain alternative financing to repay the loan.

Certain  consolidated  funds  hold  over-the-counter  derivatives  that  may  allow  counterparties  to  terminate  derivative 
contracts prior to maturity under certain circumstances, thereby resulting in an accelerated payment of any net liability 
owed to the counterparty. 

Recent Accounting Developments 

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity 
Securities  Subject  to  Contractual  Sale  Restrictions.  The  amendments  in  this  update  clarify  the  guidance  in  Topic  820 
when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual sale restrictions and introduce new disclosure 
requirements related to such equity securities. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 
15,  2023,  with  early  adoption  permitted.  The  Company  is  currently  evaluating  the  impact  of  this  guidance  on  its 
consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance which provides temporary optional 
expedients  and  exceptions  to  the  U.S.  GAAP  guidance  on  contract  modifications  and  hedge  accounting  to  ease  the 
financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative 
reference rates. The guidance is effective upon issuance and generally may be elected over time through December 31, 
2024. The Company has not adopted any of the optional expedients or exceptions through December 31, 2022, but will 
continue to evaluate the possible adoption (including potential impact) of any such expedients or exceptions during the 
effective period as circumstances evolve.

F-74                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

3. REVENUES

The Company provides investment management services to funds and separate accounts. The Company earns revenues 
from the management fees, incentive fees, and carried interest allocations generated by the funds that it manages. 
Revenues are affected by economic factors related to the asset class composition of the holdings and the contractual 
terms such as the basis for calculating the management fees and investors’ ability to redeem.  Revenues by fund structure 
are set forth below.

Year Ended December 31
2021

2020

2022

Management Fees

Closed-end     .................................................................................................. $      762,052
139,440
Open-end      ....................................................................................................
164,744
Evergreen   ....................................................................................................
Total      ............................................................................................................. $   1,066,236

$      684,221
141,148
142,260
$      967,629

$      564,135
119,498
121,686
$      805,319

Incentive fees and carried interest allocations

Incentive fees   .............................................................................................. $ 
Carried interest allocations   .........................................................................

211
220,586
Total      ............................................................................................................. $      220,797

$        18,971
430,531
$      449,502

$        12,073
(6,162)
$          5,911

Contract Balances

The Company received management fees monthly or quarterly in accordance with its contracts with customers. Incentive 
fees are received generally after all contributed capital and the preferred return on that capital have been distributed to 
the fund’s investors. Contract assets relate to the Company’s conditional right to receive payment for its performance 
completed under the contract. Receivables are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional (i.e., only 
requires the passage of time). Contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenues) relate to payments received in advance of 
performance under the contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenues when the Company provides investment 
management services. In cases where the limited partners are deemed to be the customers, placement fees are capitalized 
as a cost to obtain a contract and amortized over the life of the contract. 

Capitalized placement fees associated with the acquisition of customer contracts of $20.4 million and $23.2 million, as of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are included in other assets. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, 
and 2020, amortization of capitalized placement fees were $4.0 million, $3.4 million, and $0.7 million, respectively.

The table below sets forth contract balances for the periods indicated:

As of December 31

2021
Receivables   ............................................................................................................................. $        87,414 $        90,006
Contract assets (1)
183,877
Contract liabilities (2)
(20,021)

     ...........................................................................................................................

    .....................................................................................................................

100,102
(16,995)

2022

(1)  The changes in the balances primarily relate to accruals, net of payments received.

(2)     Revenue recognized for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 from amounts included in the contract liability balance 

were $12.7 million and $23.2 million, respectively. 

FORM 20-F                 F-75

4. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The Company consolidates VIEs for which it is the primary beneficiary. VIEs include funds managed by Oaktree and 
CLOs for which Oaktree acts as collateral manager. The purpose of these VIEs is to provide investment opportunities for 
investors  in  exchange  for  management  fees  and,  in  certain  cases,  performance-based  fees.    While  the  investment 
strategies of the funds and CLOs differ by product, in general the fundamental risks of the funds and CLOs have similar 
characteristics, including loss of invested capital and reduction or absence of management and performance-based fees. 
As  general  partner  or  collateral  manager,  respectively,  Oaktree  generally  considers  itself  the  sponsor  of  the  applicable 
fund  or  CLO.    The  Company  does  not  provide  performance  guarantees  and,  other  than  capital  commitments,  has  no 
financial obligation to provide funding to VIEs.

Consolidated VIEs

As  of  December  31,  2022,  the  Company  consolidated  25  VIEs  for  which  it  was  the  primary  beneficiary,  including  8 
funds managed by Oaktree and 17 CLOs for which Oaktree serves as collateral manager. As of December 31, 2021, the 
Company consolidated 24 VIEs.  

As of December 31, 2022, the assets and liabilities of the 25 consolidated VIEs representing funds and CLOs amounted 
to $10.5 billion and $9.5 billion, respectively.  As of December 31, 2021, the assets and liabilities of the 24 consolidated 
VIEs  representing  funds  and  CLOs  amounted  to  $12.3  billion  and  $9.5  billion,  respectively.    The  assets  of  these 
consolidated  VIEs  primarily  consisted  of  investments  in  debt  and  equity  securities,  while  their  liabilities  primarily 
represented debt obligations issued by CLOs. The assets of these VIEs may be used only to settle obligations of the same 
VIE.  In  addition,  there  is  no  recourse  to  the  Company  for  the  VIEs’  liabilities.    In  exchange  for  managing  either  the 
funds or CLOs collateral, the Company typically earns management fees and may earn performance fees, all of which 
are eliminated in consolidation.  As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s investments in consolidated VIEs 
had a carrying value of $545.7 million, and $839.3 million, respectively, which represented its maximum risk of loss as 
of that date. The Company’s investments in CLOs are generally subordinated to other interests in the CLOs and entitle 
the Company to receive a pro-rata portion of the residual cash flows, if any, from the CLOs. Please see note 10 for more 
information on CLO debt obligations.

Unconsolidated VIEs

The  Company  holds  variable  interests  in  certain  VIEs  in  the  form  of  direct  equity  interests  that  are  not  consolidated 
because it is not the primary beneficiary, inasmuch as its fee arrangements are considered at-market and it does not hold 
interests in those entities that are considered more than insignificant.  

The carrying value of the Company’s investments in VIEs that were not consolidated are shown below.

Corporate investments     ................................................................................................... $           506,569 $           788,128
155,169
Due from affiliates     .........................................................................................................
Due to affiliates   ..............................................................................................................
(7,613)
Maximum exposure to loss      ............................................................................................ $           766,265 $           935,684

274,748
(15,052)

As of December 31

2022

2021

F-76                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

5. INVESTMENTS

Corporate Investments

Corporate investments consisted of the following:

Corporate Investments

Equity-method investments:

As of December 31
2021
2022

Funds    ................................................................................................................................ $       475,508

$       344,866

Companies   ........................................................................................................................

Other investments, at fair value      ...........................................................................................

Accrued carried interest allocations      .....................................................................................

216,918

43,276

899,019

47,547

84,420

775,395

Total corporate investments    .............................................................................................. $    1,634,721

$    1,252,228

The components of investment income are set forth below:

Investment Income (Loss)

Equity-method investments:

Year Ended December 31
2021

2020

2022

Funds       ........................................................................................................ $         42,078 $         67,875 $         16,329

Companies    ................................................................................................

Other investments, at fair value    ...................................................................

33,436

(14,933)

76,731

(1,944)

70,940

40,639

Total investment income   .............................................................................. $         60,581 $       142,662 $       127,908

Equity-method Investments 

The  Company’s  equity-method  investments  include  its  investments  in  Oaktree  funds  for  which  it  serves  as  general 
partner, and other third-party funds and companies that are not consolidated, but for which the Company is deemed to 
exert significant influence.  The Company’s share of income or loss generated by these investments is recorded within 
investment income in the consolidated statements of operations.  The Company’s equity-method investments in Oaktree 
funds principally reflect the Company’s general partner interests in those funds, which typically does not exceed 2.5% in 
each  fund.  The  Oaktree  funds  are  investment  companies  that  follow  a  specialized  basis  of  accounting  established  by 
GAAP.

Other Investments, at Fair Value

Other investments, at fair value primarily consist of: (a) investments in certain Oaktree and non-Oaktree funds, (b) non-
investment  grade  debt  securities,  and  (c)  derivatives  utilized  to  hedge  the  Company’s  exposure  to  investment  income 
earned from its funds.

The following table summarizes net gains (losses) attributable to the Company’s other investments:

Realized gain     ......................................................................................... $                155 $             9,392
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)      .....................................................
(11,336)
Total gain (loss)   .................................................................................... $        (14,933) $          (1,944)

(15,088)

Year Ended December 31
2021

2022

2020
$            9,626
31,013
$          40,639

FORM 20-F                 F-77

Investments of Consolidated Funds

Investments, at Fair Value

Investments held and securities sold short by the consolidated funds are summarized below: 

Investments

United States:

Debt securities:

Fair Value as of 
December 31

Investments of 
Consolidated 
Funds as of 
December 31

2022

2021

2022

2021

Communication services   ............................................................. $     533,502 $     585,196

5.4 % 5.1 %

Consumer discretionary  ...............................................................

Consumer staples   .........................................................................

Energy     .........................................................................................

Financials     ....................................................................................

Health care    ...................................................................................

875,486

259,001

195,374

347,566

564,905

Industrials  ....................................................................................

1,039,699

Information technology   ...............................................................

Materials   ......................................................................................

Real estate      ...................................................................................

Utilities   ........................................................................................

Other  ............................................................................................

 Total debt securities (cost: $5,833,475 and $4,634,213 as of 

746,559

522,514

65,473

359,195

—

642,870

186,868

242,136

253,872

429,842

836,704

669,100

371,540

75,880

321,519

—

8.8

2.6

2.0

3.5

5.7

10.5

7.5

5.3

0.7

3.6

0.0

5.6

1.6

2.1

2.2

3.7

7.3

5.8

3.2

0.7

2.8

—

December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively)      ................................

5,509,274

4,615,527

55.5

40.1

Equity securities:

Communication services   .............................................................

Consumer discretionary  ...............................................................

Consumer Staples   ........................................................................

Energy     .........................................................................................

Financials     ....................................................................................

Health care    ...................................................................................

Industrials  ....................................................................................

Information technology     ...............................................................

Materials   ......................................................................................

175

1,110

134

173

127

12,972

276,320

—

22

—

4,439

—

238

258

3,086

397,844

150,000

81

Real Estate     ...................................................................................

46,650

36,587

Total equity securities (cost: $308,774 and $580,195 as of 

December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively)   ...............................

337,683

592,533

Real estate:

Real estate      ...................................................................................

— 2,090,758

Total real estate securities (cost: $0 and $1,665,936 as of 

December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively)   ...............................

— 2,090,758

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

2.8

0.0

0.0

0.5

3.4

—

—

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

—

—

3.5

1.3

—

0.3

5.1

18.2

18.2

F-78                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments

Europe:

Debt securities:

Fair Value as of 
December 31

Investments of 
Consolidated 
Funds as of 
December 31

2022

2021

2022

2021

Communication services  ........................................................... $     633,097

$     637,542

6.5 %

5.5 %

Consumer discretionary    ............................................................

Consumer staples  ......................................................................

Energy  .......................................................................................

Financials   ..................................................................................

Health care   ................................................................................

Industrials    .................................................................................

Information technology    ............................................................

Materials     ...................................................................................

Real estate    .................................................................................

Utilities     .....................................................................................

Other    .........................................................................................

Total debt securities (cost: $4,195,653 and $4,096,691 as of 

794,620

252,540

354

70,201

740,267

602,124

345,305

447,114

42,685

302

195

905,646

214,479

—

67,545

762,139

645,901

380,727

459,991

20,640

10

—

8.0

2.5

0.0

0.7

7.5

6.1

3.5

4.5

0.4

0.0

0.0

7.9

1.9

0.0

0.6

6.6

5.6

3.3

4.0

0.2

0.0

—

December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively)    ............................

3,928,804

4,094,620

39.5

35.6

Equity securities:

Consumer discretionary    ............................................................

Financials   ..................................................................................

—

—

—

—

Health care   ................................................................................

1,476

1,747

Industrials    .................................................................................

Materials     ...................................................................................

 Real estate    .....................................................................................

Total equity securities (cost: $248 and $1,759 as of 

—

—

—

—

—

—

December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively)    ............................

1,476

1,747

Asia and other:

Debt securities:

Communication services  ...........................................................
Consumer discretionary    ............................................................
Consumer staples  ......................................................................

Energy  .......................................................................................

Financials   ..................................................................................

Health care   ................................................................................

Industrials    .................................................................................

Information technology    ............................................................

Materials     ...................................................................................

Real estate    .................................................................................

Utilities     .....................................................................................

Other    .........................................................................................

Total debt securities (cost: $166,036 and $117,822 as of 

837
75,233
9,082

17,055

2,439

1,127

24,819

19,219

1,699

1,229

2,587

2,046

1,113
73,658
13,378

18,857

—

—

8,032

13

673

—

2,857

—

December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively)    ............................

157,372

118,581

—

—

0.0

—

0.0
0.0 
%

0.0

—
0.9
0.1

0.2

—

0.0

0.2

0.2

—

0.0

0.1

0.0

1.6

0.0

0.0

—

—

—

—

0.0

—
0.6
0.1

0.2

—

0.0

0.1

0.0

—

0.0

0.0

—

1.0

FORM 20-F                 F-79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments

Asia and other:

Equity securities:

Fair Value as of 
December 31

Investments of 
Consolidated 
Funds as of 
December 31

2022

2021

2022

2021

Energy     ......................................................................................... $              — $           280

—%

—%

Utilities   ........................................................................................

Total equity securities (cost: $0 and $2,856 as of 

December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively)   ...............................

1

1

176

456

Total debt securities     .........................................................................

9,595,450

8,828,728

Total equity securities   ......................................................................

339,160

594,736

Total real estate   ................................................................................

— 2,090,758

—

—

96.6

3.4

0.0

—

—

76.7

5.1

18.2

Total investments, at fair value ............................................................ $ 9,934,610 $11,514,222

100.0% 100.0%

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, no single issuer or investment had a fair value that exceeded 5% of Oaktree’s total 
consolidated net assets.  

Net Gains (Losses) From Investment Activities of Consolidated Funds 

Net  gains  (losses)  from  investment  activities  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations  consist  primarily  of  realized 
and  unrealized  gains  and  losses  on  the  consolidated  funds’  investments  (including  foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses 
attributable to foreign-denominated investments and related activities) and other financial instruments.  Unrealized gains 
or losses result from changes in the fair value of these investments and other financial instruments.  Upon disposition of 
an investment, unrealized gains or losses are reversed and an offsetting realized gain or loss is recognized in the current 
period. 

The following table summarizes net gains (losses) from investment activities: 

2022

Year Ended December 31
2021

2020

Net Change in 
Unrealized 
Appreciation 
(Depreciation) 
on 
Investments

Net Realized 
Gain (Loss) on 
Investments

Net Change in 
Unrealized 
Appreciation 
(Depreciation) 
on 
Investments

Net Realized 
Gain (Loss) on 
Investments

Net Change in 
Unrealized 
Appreciation 
(Depreciation) 
on 
Investments

Net Realized 
Gain (Loss) on 
Investments

Investments and other 
financial instruments    ..... $            (9,475) $           152,857 $            (8,402) $           339,219 $             10,063 $          (20,113)
CLO liabilities (1)    .........
(20,887)
Foreign-currency 

forward contracts (2)        .
Options and futures (2)     ..
Commodity swaps (2)     ...

282
—
—
Total     ...................... $          (38,748) $             42,217 $          (14,301) $           326,154 $          (76,164) $          (40,718)

(1,640)
3
(6)

1,057
—
—

1,363
—
—

1,719
472
1,788

(635)
—
—

(108,997)

(85,592)

(14,428)

(33,252)

(6,956)

(1)  Represents the net change in the fair value of CLO liabilities based on the more observable fair value of CLO assets, as measured under the 

CLO measurement guidance.  Please see note 2 for more information. 

 (2)  Please see note 7 for additional information. 

F-80                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
6. FAIR VALUE 

Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities 

The  short-term  nature  of  cash  and  cash-equivalents,  receivables  and  accounts  payable  causes  each  of  their  carrying 
values  to  approximate  fair  value.  The  fair  value  of  short-term  investments  included  in  cash  and  cash-equivalents  is  a 
Level I valuation. The Company’s other financial assets and financial liabilities by fair-value hierarchy level are set forth 
below.  Please see notes 10 and 15 for the fair value of the Company’s outstanding debt obligations and amounts due 
from/to affiliates, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022

As of December 31, 2021

Level I

Level II Level III

Total

Level I

Level II Level III

Total

Assets
U.S. Treasury and other 

Corporate investments     ......
Foreign-currency forward 
contracts included in 
other assets .....................

securities (1)      ................... $ 106,026 $ 212,978 $          — $ 319,004 $     2,107 $ 278,566 $        938 $ 281,611
— 84,420

— 42,237

77,738

43,276

1,039

6,682

— 10,158
—
Total assets     ...................... $ 106,026 $ 259,076 $     1,039 $ 366,141 $     8,789 $ 366,462 $        938 $ 376,189

— 10,158

3,861

3,861

—

Liabilities
Foreign-currency forward 
contracts included in 
other liabilities     .............. $          — $   15,350 $          — $   15,350 $          — $     3,209 $          — $     3,209
Total liabilities    ................ $          — $   15,350 $          — $   15,350 $          — $     3,209 $          — $     3,209

(1) 

For U.S. Treasury securities the carrying value approximates fair value due to their short-term nature and are classified as Level I investments 
within the fair value hierarchy detailed above.

The table below sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of Level III financial instruments:

Year Ended December 31

2022

2021

Corporate Investments Corporate Investments

Corporate Investments:

Beginning balance   ........................................................................ $                               938
1,039
Contributions or additions  ............................................................
(938)
Transfers out of Level III   ................................................................
Ending balance     ............................................................................. $                            1,039

$                                 —
938
—
$                               938

Net change in unrealized gains (losses) attributable to financial 
instruments still held at end of period   .......................................... $                                 — $                                 —

The  Company’s  Level  III  financial  instruments  held  as  of  December  31,  2022  primarily  include  the  CLO  beneficial 
interests. The fair value of the Company’s CLO beneficial interests held at December 31, 2022 was calculated using a 
discounted cash flow model specific to each investment structure. The significant valuation inputs, including the input 
range and weighted average rate, are as follows:

Valuation Input
Discount rates    .............................................................................
Constant default rates      .................................................................
Recovery rates     ............................................................................

Low
11.0%
2.0%
65.0%

High
33.0%
2.0%
65.0%

Weighted 
Average Rate
25.8%
2.0%
65.0%

FORM 20-F                 F-81

Fair Value of Financial Instruments Held By Consolidated Funds  

The  short-term  nature  of  cash  and  cash-equivalents  held  at  the  consolidated  funds  causes  their  carrying  value  to 
approximate  fair  value.  The  fair  value  of  cash-equivalents  is  a  Level  I  valuation.    Derivatives  may  relate  to  a  mix  of 
Level I, II or III investments, and therefore their fair-value hierarchy level may not correspond to the fair-value hierarchy 
level  of  the  economically  hedged  investment.  The  table  below  summarizes  the  investments  and  other  financial 
instruments of the consolidated funds by fair-value hierarchy level: 

As of December 31, 2022

As of December 31, 2021

Level I

Level II

Level III

Total

Level I

Level II

Level III

Total

Assets
Investments:

Corporate debt – 
bank debt    ............ $ 
Corporate debt – 
all other   ...............
Equities – 
common stock     ....
Equities – 
preferred stock     ....
Real estate    ..........
Total investments    ..
Derivatives:

Foreign-currency 
forward contracts   
Swaps     .................
Options and 
futures   .................
Total derivatives (1)
      .
Total assets   ........... $ 

Liabilities
CLO debt 
obligations:
Senior secured 

notes    ................ $ 

Subordinated 

notes    ................

Total CLO debt 
obligations (2)

      ....

Derivatives:

Foreign-currency 
forward contracts   
Swaps     .................
 Warrants   .............
Total derivatives 

(3)

    ......................
Total liabilities    . $ 

—  $  8,276,954  $ 

489,024  $  8,765,978  $ 

—  $  7,866,465  $ 

176,341  $  8,042,806 

—

756,555

72,918

829,473

1,657

—

—

—

—

—

293,950

295,607

43,552

—

43,552

—

1,657

9,033,509

899,444

9,934,610

—

—

3

3

332

14

35

381

—

—

—

—

332

14

38

384

—

188

—

—

188

—

—

—

—

714,046

71,877

785,923

281

561,893

562,362

—

—

32,373

32,373

2,090,758

2,090,758

8,580,792

2,933,242

11,514,222

628

—

35

663

—

—

—

—

628

—

35

663

1,660  $  9,033,890  $ 

899,444  $  9,934,994  $ 

188  $  8,581,455  $  2,933,242  $ 11,514,885 

—  $  (8,453,534)  $ 

—  $  (8,453,534)  $ 

—  $  (7,472,521)  $ 

—  $  (7,472,521) 

—

(292,118)

—

(292,118)

—

(333,742)

—

(333,742)

— (8,745,652)

— (8,745,652)

— (7,806,263)

— (7,806,263)

—

—

—

—

(1,542)

—

—

(1,542)

—

—

—

—

(1,542)

—

—

(1,542)

—

—

—

—

(38)

—

—

(38)

—

—

—

—

(38)

—

—

(38)

—  $  (8,747,194)  $ 

—  $  (8,747,194)  $ 

—  $  (7,806,301)  $ 

—  $  (7,806,301) 

(1) 

Amounts are included in other assets under “assets of consolidated funds” in the combined and consolidated statements of financial condition.

(2) 

The fair value of CLO liabilities is classified based on the more observable fair value of CLO assets. Please see notes 2 and 10 for more information. 

(3) 

Amounts  are  included  in  accounts  payable,  accrued  expenses  and  other  liabilities  under  “liabilities  of  consolidated  funds”  in  the  combined  and 
consolidated statements of financial condition.

F-82                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

The following tables set forth a summary of changes in the fair value of Level III investments:  

Corporate 
Debt – 
Bank Debt

Corporate 
Debt – All 
Other

Equities – 
Common 
Stock

Equities – 
Preferred 
Stock

Real Estate

Total

2022
Beginning balance    ...................... $  176,342  $ 
Deconsolidation of funds  .............
Transfers into Level III   ................
Transfers out of Level III    .............
Purchases ......................................
Sales    .............................................
Realized gain (loss), net    ................
Unrealized appreciation 

—
164,789
(105,066)
413,339
(147,348)
(1,298)

(depreciation), net      ......................

(11,734)

Ending balance      ........................... $  489,024  $ 
Net change in unrealized 

71,877  $  561,893  $ 
— (310,000)
277
(2,100)
31,613
(45)
13

2,810
(7,335)
15,598
(9,898)
140

32,373  $ 2,090,757  $ 2,933,242 
(2,572,509)
— (2,262,509)
—
167,876
—
— (115,529)
(1,028)
8,819
541,851
(210,245)
—
11,635
—

72,482
(52,954)
12,780

(274)

12,299

3,388

72,918  $  293,950  $ 

43,552  $ 

139,444

143,123
—  $  899,444 

appreciation (depreciation) 
attributable to assets still held 
at end of period   .......................... $ 

(14,305)  $ 

(488)  $ 

8,424  $ 

1,239  $ 

—  $ 

(5,130) 

2021
Beginning balance    ...................... $  161,296  $ 
Deconsolidation of funds  .............
Transfers into Level III   ................
Transfers out of Level III    .............
Purchases ......................................
Sales    .............................................
Realized loss, net    ...........................
Unrealized depreciation, net     .........
Ending balance      ........................... $  176,342  $ 
Net change in unrealized 

—
83,737
(105,239)
149,396
(114,175)
803
524

38,554  $ 

(12,598)
2,960
(9,615)
59,163
(7,301)
350
364

—
3,266
—
492,271
(40,383)
(13,060)
46,505

73,294  $  159,087  $  874,250  $ 1,306,481 
(12,598)
—
—
89,963
—
—
— (116,157)
(1,303)
1,647,447
943,441
3,176
(297,473)
(26,037)
(109,577)
(18,918)
6,931
(13,942)
(5,068)
334,497
292,172
32,373  $ 2,090,757  $ 2,933,242 

71,877  $  561,893  $ 

depreciation attributable to 
assets still held at end of period   $ 

(466)  $ 

(743)  $ 

26,236  $ 

(5,238)  $  306,243  $  326,032 

Total  realized  and  unrealized  gains  and  losses  recorded  for  Level  III  investments  are  included  in  net  realized  gain  on 
consolidated  funds’  investments  or  net  change  in  unrealized  appreciation  (depreciation)  on  consolidated  funds’ 
investments in the consolidated statements of operations. 

Transfers out of Level III are generally attributable to certain investments that experienced a more significant level of 
market trading activity or completed an initial public offering during the respective period and thus were valued using 
observable inputs.  Transfers into Level III typically reflect either investments that experienced a less significant level of 
market trading activity during the period or portfolio companies that undertook restructurings or bankruptcy proceedings 
and thus were valued in the absence of observable inputs. 

FORM 20-F                 F-83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table sets forth a summary of the valuation techniques and quantitative information utilized in determining 
the fair value of the consolidated funds’ Level III investments as of December 31, 2022: 

Fair 
Value

Valuation Technique

Significant 
Unobservable
Inputs (1)(2)

Range

Weighted 
Average (3)

Investment 
Type
Credit-oriented 
investments:
Consumer 

discretionary:

Health Care:

Industrials:

Real estate:

Other:

Equity 
investments:

Materials:

26,523 Discounted cash flow (6)

$  2,330  Recent transaction price (4)

24,446

Recent market information (5)

6,400 Discounted cash flow (6)
1,031 Market approach 

(comparable companies) (7)

255,115 Discounted cash flow (6)
49,235

Recent market information (5)

53,842 Discounted cash flow (6)
2,525 Market approach 

(comparable companies)

1,037 Market approach 

(comparable companies) (7)

22,995

Recent market information (5)

—

13,105

16,531

51,077

Recent transaction price (4)

Recent market information (5)

Recent market information (5)

Recent market information (5)

Quoted prices

Quoted prices

Discount rate

Revenue multiple (8)
Discount rate
Quoted prices

Discount rate
Multiple of underlying 
assets (9)

Earnings multiple (10)
Quoted prices

Discount rate
Quoted prices

Quoted prices

Quoted prices

Quoted prices

7,677 Market approach 

(comparable companies) (7)

28,074 Discounted cash flow (6)

Earnings multiple (10)
Discount rate

17,392

Recent transaction price (4)

5,666 Market approach 

(comparable companies) (7)

1,169 Discounted cash flow (6)
313,009 Discounted cash flow (6) / 
market approach 
(comparable companies) (7)

Quoted prices

Earnings multiple (10)
Discount rate
Discount rate

265

Recent market information (5)

Quoted prices

Not 
applicable
Not 
applicable
12% – 15%

0.45x – 0.45x
10% – 20%
Not 
applicable
11% – 15%

Not 
applicable
Not 
applicable
14%

0.45x
14%
Not 
applicable
15%

0.9x – 1.0x

1.0x

5x – 5x
Not 
applicable
11% – 16%
Not 
applicable
Not 
applicable
Not 
applicable
Not 
applicable

8x – 8x
11% – 16%

5x
Not 
applicable
16%
Not 
applicable
Not 
applicable
Not 
applicable
Not 
applicable

8x
13%

Not 
applicable

Not 
applicable

4x – 10x
15% – 16%

5x
16%

8% – 16%
Not 
applicable

11.00%
Not 
applicable

Total Level III
   investments  ......... $ 899,444 

F-84                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
 
9x

Not applicable
9%
9%
Not applicable
Not applicable
14%
Not applicable
11%
1.0x

8x

Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
10%
Not applicable
6x

0.3x

Not applicable

The following table sets forth a summary of the valuation techniques and quantitative information utilized in determining 
the fair value of the consolidated funds’ Level III investments as of December 31, 2021: 

Fair 
Value

Valuation Technique

Significant 
Unobservable
Inputs (1)(2)

Range

Weighted 
Average (3)

Investment Type
Credit-oriented 
investments:
Consumer 
Staples:

Financials:

Health care:

Industrials

Utilities:
Real estate:
Other:

$ 

7,137  Market approach (comparable 

companies)

9,693 Recent market information (5)
2,391 Discounted cash flow (6)
2,472 Discounted cash flow (6)
21,591 Recent market information (5)
29,141 Recent market information (5)
21,580 Discounted cash flow (6)
16,893 Recent transaction price (4)
10,265 Discounted cash flow (6)
2,689 Market approach (comparable 

companies) (7)

Revenue multiple (8)
Quoted prices
Discount rate
Discount rate
Quoted prices
Quoted prices
Discount rate
Quoted prices
Discount rate
Multiple of underlying 
assets (9)

1,517 Market approach (comparable 

companies) (7)

Earnings multiple (10)
1,852 Recent market information (5)
Quoted prices
35,529 Recent transaction price (4)
Quoted prices
29,747 Recent market information (5) Quoted prices
6,129 Recent market information (5) Quoted prices
13,806 Recent market information (5)
Quoted prices
5,886 Discounted cash flow (6)
Discount rate
4,493 Recent transaction price (4)
Quoted prices

9x – 9x
Not applicable
9% – 10%
8% – 10%
Not applicable
Not applicable
9% – 30%
Not applicable
9% – 13%

0.9x – 1.1x

8x – 8x
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
9% – 14%
Not applicable

979 Market approach (comparable 

companies)

854 Market approach (comparable 

companies)

Information 
Technology:

11,332

Recent market information (5)

Earnings multiple (10)

6.0x – 6.0x

Revenue multiple (8)
Quoted prices

0.3x – 0.3x
Not applicable

11,298 Discounted cash flow (6)

944 Recent transaction price (4)

Discount rate
Quoted prices

8% – 11%
Not applicable

10%
Not applicable

348,530 Recent transaction price (4)
187,527 Discounted cash flow (6) / 

Quoted prices
Discount rate

Not applicable

Not applicable
9%

market approach (comparable 
companies)

5,807 Market approach (comparable 

companies) (7)
49,623 Discounted cash flow (6)

774 Market approach (comparable 

companies) (7)

2,005 Recent market information (5)

Earnings multiple (10)
Discount rate

9% – 11%

6x – 8x
11% – 19%

7x

11%

Revenue multiple (8)
Quoted prices

0.3x – 0.6x
Not applicable

0.3x
Not applicable

Equity investments:

Real estate-
oriented:

715,458 Recent transaction price (4)

1,375,300 Discounted cash flow (6)

Not Applicable
Discount rate

Not applicable
5% – 9%

Not applicable
6%

Total Level III
   investments     ......... $ 2,933,242 

FORM 20-F                 F-85

(1) 

The  discount  rate  is  the  significant  unobservable  input  used  in  the  fair-value  measurement  of  performing  credit-oriented  investments  in  which  the 
consolidated funds do not have a controlling interest in the underlying issuer, as well as certain equity investments and real estate loan portfolios.  An 
increase (decrease) in the discount rate would result in a lower (higher) fair-value measurement. 

(2)  Multiple  of  either  earnings  or  underlying  assets  is  the  significant  unobservable  input  used  in  the  market  approach  for  the  fair-value  measurement  of 
distressed credit-oriented investments, credit-oriented investments in which the consolidated funds have a controlling interest in the underlying issuer, 
equity  investments  and  certain  real  estate-oriented  investments.    An  increase  (decrease)  in  the  multiple  would  result  in  a  higher  (lower)  fair-value 
measurement. 

(3) 

The weighted average is based on the fair value of the investments included in the range.

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

(9) 

Certain investments are valued based on recent transactions, generally defined as investments purchased or sold within six months of the valuation date.  
The fair value may also be based on a pending transaction expected to close after the valuation date. 

Certain investments are valued using vendor prices or broker quotes for the subject or similar securities.  Generally, investments valued in this manner are 
classified as Level III because the quoted prices may be indicative in nature for securities that are in an inactive market, may be for similar securities, or 
may require adjustment for investment-specific factors or restrictions.

A  discounted  cash-flow  method  is  generally  used  to  value  performing  credit-oriented  investments  in  which  the  consolidated  funds  do  not  have  a 
controlling interest in the underlying issuer, as well as certain equity investments, real estate-oriented investments and real estate loan portfolios. 

A market approach is generally used to value distressed investments and investments in which the consolidated funds have a controlling interest in the 
underlying.

Revenue multiples are based on comparable public companies and transactions with comparable companies.  The Company typically applies the multiple 
to trailing twelve-months’ revenue.  However, in certain cases other revenue measures, such as pro forma revenue, may be utilized if deemed to be more 
relevant. 

A market approach using the value of underlying assets utilizes a multiple, based on comparable companies, of underlying assets or the net book value of 
the portfolio company.  The Company typically obtains the value of underlying assets from the underlying portfolio company’s financial statements or 
from pricing vendors.  The Company may value the underlying assets by using prices and other relevant information from market transactions involving 
comparable assets.

(10)  Earnings multiples are based on comparable public companies and transactions with comparable companies.  The Company typically utilizes multiples of 
EBITDA;  however,  in  certain  cases  the  Company  may  use  other  earnings  multiples  believed  to  be  most  relevant  to  the  investment.    The  Company 
typically applies the multiple to trailing twelve-months’ EBITDA.  However, in certain cases other earnings measures, such as pro forma EBITDA, may 
be utilized if deemed to be more relevant. 

A significant amount of judgment may be required when using unobservable inputs, including assessing the accuracy of 
source data and the results of pricing models.  The Company assesses the accuracy and reliability of the sources it uses to 
develop unobservable inputs.  These sources may include third-party vendors that the Company believes are reliable and 
commonly  utilized  by  other  marketplace  participants.    As  described  in  note  2,  other  factors  beyond  the  unobservable 
inputs described above may have a significant impact on investment valuations.

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  there  were  no  changes  in  the  valuation  techniques  for  Level  III 
securities.  

7. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING

The fair value of freestanding derivatives consisted of the following:

As of December 31, 2022

Foreign-currency forward contracts       ................................................ $ 

98,235  $ 

3,921  $  (287,571)  $ 

(15,410) 

Assets

Liabilities

Notional

Fair Value

Notional

Fair Value

As of December 31, 2021

Foreign-currency forward contracts       ................................................ $  249,324  $ 

10,158  $  (111,154)  $ 

(3,209) 

F-86                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Realized  and  unrealized  gains  and  losses  arising  from  freestanding  derivatives  were  recorded  in  the  consolidated 
statements of operations as follows: 

General and administrative expense (1) ............................................................. $ 
Total gain (loss)    ...................................................................................... $ 

(1,469)  $ 

13,311 

(1,469)  $ 

13,311 

$ 

$ 

33,049 

33,049 

Year Ended December 31

2022

2021

2020

(1)  To  the  extent  that  the  Company’s  freestanding  derivatives  are  utilized  to  hedge  its  foreign-currency  exposure  to  investment 
income and management fees earned from consolidated funds, the related hedged items are eliminated in consolidation, with the 
derivative  impact  (a  positive  number  reflects  a  reduction  in  expenses)  reflected  in  consolidated  general  and  administrative 
expense. 

There  were  no  derivatives  outstanding  that  were  designated  as  hedging  instruments  for  accounting  purposes  as  of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021.  

Derivatives Held By Consolidated Funds 

Certain consolidated funds utilize derivatives in their ongoing investment operations.  These derivatives primarily consist 
of foreign-currency forward contracts and options utilized to manage currency risk, interest-rate swaps to hedge interest-
rate  risk,  options  and  futures  used  to  hedge  certain  exposures  for  specific  securities,  and  total-return  swaps  utilized 
mainly to obtain exposure to leveraged loans or to participate in foreign markets not readily accessible.  The primary risk 
exposure for options and futures is price, while the primary risk exposure for total-return swaps is credit.  None of the 
derivative instruments are accounted for as a hedging instrument utilizing hedge accounting. 

The fair value of derivatives held by the consolidated funds consisted of the following:

As of December 31, 2022

Foreign-currency forward contracts    ................................................ $  25,533.00 

$ 

367.00 

$ 

5,287.00 

$ 

1,542.00 

Options and futures    .........................................................................

2,805

17

—

—

Total     ........................................................................................ $  28,338.00 

$ 

384.00 

$ 

5,287.00 

$ 

1,542.00 

Assets

Liabilities

Notional

Fair Value

Notional

Fair Value

As of December 31, 2021
Foreign-currency forward contracts    ................................................ $  31,459.00 
1,012
Options and futures    .........................................................................

$ 

628.00 
35

$ 

8,291.00 
—

$ 

Total     ........................................................................................ $  32,471.00 

$ 

663.00 

$ 

8,291.00 

$ 

38.00 
—

38.00 

The impact of derivatives held by the consolidated funds in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows:   

2022

Year Ended December 31
2021

2020

Net Realized 
Gain (Loss) 
on 
Investments

Net Change in 
Unrealized 
Appreciation 
(Depreciation) 
on 
Investments

Net Realized 
Gain (Loss) 
on 
Investments

Net Change in 
Unrealized 
Appreciation 
(Depreciation) 
on 
Investments

Net Realized 
Gain (Loss) 
on 
Investments

Net Change in 
Unrealized 
Appreciation 
(Depreciation) 
on 
Investments

Foreign-currency forward 
contracts      ........................... $ 

Options and futures    ..........

Commodity swaps  ............

1,719  $ 

(1,640)  $ 

1,057  $ 

1,363  $ 

(635)  $ 

472

1,788

3

(6)

—

—

—

—

—

—

Total     ......................... $ 

3,979  $ 

(1,643)  $ 

1,057  $ 

1,363  $ 

(635)  $ 

282 

—

282 

FORM 20-F                 F-87

 
Balance Sheet Offsetting

The Company recognizes all derivatives as assets or liabilities at fair value in its combined and consolidated statements 
of financial condition.  In connection with its derivative activities, the Company generally enters into agreements subject 
to enforceable master netting arrangements that allow the Company to offset derivative assets and liabilities in the same 
currency  by  specific  derivative  type  or,  in  the  event  of  default  by  the  counterparty,  to  offset  derivative  assets  and 
liabilities  with  the  same  counterparty.    While  these  derivatives  are  eligible  to  be  offset  in  accordance  with  applicable 
accounting guidance, the Company has elected to present derivative assets and liabilities based on gross fair value in its 
combined  and  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition.  The  table  below  sets  forth  the  setoff  rights  and  related 
arrangements associated with derivatives held by the Company. The “gross amounts not offset in statements of financial 
condition”  columns  represent  derivatives  that  management  has  elected  not  to  offset  in  the  combined  and  consolidated 
statements  of  financial  condition  even  though  they  are  eligible  to  be  offset  in  accordance  with  applicable  accounting 
guidance.

As of December 31, 2022

Gross 
Amounts of 
Assets 
(Liabilities) 
Presented

Gross Amounts Not Offset 
in Statements of Financial 
Condition
Received 
(Pledged)

Assets 
(Liabilities)

Net 
Amount

Derivative Assets:
Foreign-currency forward contracts     .................................. $ 

Derivative assets of consolidated funds:
Foreign-currency forward contracts       ..............................
Total-return and interest-rate and credit default swaps    .....
Options and futures   ........................................................
Subtotal  ...................................................................

Total   .................................................................................. $ 
Derivative Liabilities:
Foreign-currency forward contracts     .................................. $ 

Derivative liabilities of consolidated funds:

3,921 

$ 

60 

$ 

— 

$ 

3,861 

367
—
17
384
4,305 

$ 

—
—
—
—
60 

$ 

—
—
—
—
— 

$ 

367
—
17
384
4,245 

(15,410)  $ 

(60)  $ 

— 

$ 

(15,350) 

Foreign-currency forward contracts     ..................................
Total-return and interest-rate and credit default swaps    .....
Subtotal   ..........................................................................
Total   .................................................................................. $ 

(1,542)
—
(1,542)
(16,952)  $ 

—
—
—
(60)  $ 

—
—
—
— 

(1,542)
—
(1,542)
(16,892) 

$ 

F-88                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

 
As of December 31, 2021

Gross 
Amounts of 
Assets 
(Liabilities) 
Presented

Gross Amounts Not Offset in 
Statements of Financial 
Condition

Derivative 
Assets 
(Liabilities)

Cash 
Collateral 
Received 
(Pledged)

Net Amount

Derivative Assets:
Foreign-currency forward contracts     ................ $ 

Derivative assets of consolidated funds:
Foreign-currency forward contracts       ............
Total-return and interest-rate swaps     ............
Options and futures   ......................................
Subtotal  .................................................

Total      ................................................................ $ 
Derivative Liabilities:
Foreign-currency forward contracts     ................ $ 
Derivative liabilities of consolidated funds:
Foreign-currency forward contracts     ................
Subtotal  .................................................

10,158 

$ 

— 

$ 

— 

$ 

10,158 

628
—
35
663
10,821 

$ 

—
—
—
—
— 

$ 

—
—
—
—
— 

$ 

628
—
35
663
10,821 

(3,209)  $ 

— 

$ 

— 

$ 

(3,209) 

(38)
(38)

—
—
— 

$ 

—
—
— 

$ 

(38)
(38)
(3,247) 

Total      ................................................................ $ 

(3,247)  $ 

8. FIXED ASSETS

Fixed  assets  primarily  consist  of  furniture  and  equipment,  capitalized  software,  office  leasehold  improvements  and 
corporate aircraft. 

The following table sets forth the Company’s fixed assets and accumulated depreciation:

Furniture, equipment and capitalized software    ................................................................... $ 
Leasehold improvements .....................................................................................................
Corporate aircraft    ................................................................................................................
Other     ....................................................................................................................................
Fixed assets    ..................................................................................................................
Accumulated depreciation     ...................................................................................................

Fixed assets, net   ........................................................................................................... $ 

As of December 31,
2021
2022

35,416 
90,171
66,120
4,812
196,519
(100,986)
95,533 

$ 

$ 

35,376 
87,062
66,120
5,033
193,591
(93,024)
100,567 

FORM 20-F                 F-89

9. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLES

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of identifiable net assets of acquired businesses.  Goodwill has 
an indefinite useful life and is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each 
fiscal  year,  or  more  frequently  if  events  or  circumstances  indicate  that  impairment  may  have  occurred.    Goodwill  is 
included  in  other  assets  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  position.  As  of  December  31,  2022,  the  Company 
determined there was no goodwill impairment.  

The carrying value of goodwill was $50.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and is included in other assets in 
the combined and consolidated statements of financial condition.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded an impairment charge related to its intangible assets 
of $56.6 million due to the termination of an investment management contract on March 19, 2021. The following table 
summarizes the carrying value of intangible assets:

Contractual rights     ................................................................................................................ $ 

2022
347,452 

$ 

Accumulated amortization      ..................................................................................................

(146,529)

2021
347,452 

(136,375)

Intangible assets, net   .................................................................................................... $ 

200,923 

$ 

211,077 

As of December 31,

Amortization  expense  associated  with  the  Company’s  intangible  assets  was  $10.2  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022, and $69.6 million, including the impact of the investment management contract impairment charge 
of $56.6 million, for the year ended December 31, 2021, and $16.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.  

Amortization of intangible assets held as of December 31, 2022 is estimated to be as follows:

2023  ....................................................................................................................................................................... $ 

2024  .......................................................................................................................................................................

2025  .......................................................................................................................................................................

2026  .......................................................................................................................................................................

2027  .......................................................................................................................................................................

Thereafter     ..............................................................................................................................................................

Total     ...................................................................................................................................................................... $ 

10,154 

10,154

10,154

10,154

10,154

150,153

200,923 

F-90                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

10. DEBT OBLIGATIONS AND CREDIT FACILITIES

Oaktree had the following debt obligations outstanding: 

As of December 31

2022

2021

Senior unsecured notes

$50,000, 3.91%, issued in September 2014, payable on September 3, 2024      .................... $ 

50,000 

$ 

50,000 

$100,000, 4.01%, issued in September 2014, payable on September 3, 2026      ..................

$100,000, 4.21%, issued in September 2014, payable on September 3, 2029      ..................

$100,000, 3.69%, issued in July 2016, payable on July 12, 2031     .....................................

$250,000, 3.78%, issued in December 2017, payable on December 18, 2032   ..................

$200,000, 3.64%, issued in July 2020, payable on July 22, 2030     .....................................

$50,000, 3.84%, issued in July 2020, payable on July 22, 2035     .......................................

$200,000, 3.06%, issued in November 2021, payable on January 12, 2037     .....................
Credit facility, issued in March 2014, variable rate obligations payable on December 
15, 2027    .............................................................................................................................

100,000

100,000

100,000

250,000

200,000

50,000

200,000

—

Total remaining principal    ........................................................................................................

1,050,000

Less: Debt issuance costs     ........................................................................................................

(6,466)

100,000

100,000

100,000

250,000

200,000

50,000

—

55,000

905,000

(5,530)

Debt obligations    ...................................................................................................................... $ 1,043,534 

$  899,470 

On May 20, 2020, OCM entered into a note and guaranty agreement with certain accredited investors pursuant to which 
OCM agreed to issue and sell to such investors $250 million of senior unsecured notes that bear a blended 3.68% fixed 
rate  of  interest  and  a  weighted  average  maturity  of  2031.  These  notes  are  guaranteed  by  Oaktree  Capital  I,  Oaktree 
Capital  II,  and  Oaktree  AIF,  as  co-obligors.  The  offering  closed  on  July  22,  2020  and  OCM  received  proceeds  of 
$250  million  on  the  closing  date.  As  OCM  is  the  issuer  of  such  senior  notes,  the  outstanding  principal  and  interest 
payments guaranteed by Oaktree Capital I will not be included in the Company’s financial statements unless an event of 
default occurs. 

On  September  14,  2021,  OCM,  Oaktree  Capital  I,  Oaktree  Capital  II  and  Oaktree  AIF  (collectively,  the  “Borrowers”) 
entered into the Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2014, by and among the Borrowers, Wells 
Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”) and the other lenders party thereto.  The credit facility was amended 
to  among  other  things,  (i)  extend  the  maturity  date  from  December  13,  2024  to  September  14,  2026,  (ii)  modify  the 
assets  under  management  covenant  threshold  from  $65  billion  of  assets  under  management  to  $57.5  billion  of 
management-fee generating assets under management and (iii) increase the maximum leverage ratio to 4.00 to 1.00. On 
December  15,  2022,  the  Borrowers  entered  into  the  Seventh  Amendment  to  Credit  Agreement  (the  “Seventh 
Agreement”). The Seventh Amendment extended the maturity date of the Credit Agreement from September 14, 2026 to 
December 15, 2027 with the potential to extend the maturity for up to two additional years, and implemented language 
consistent with U.S. syndicated loan market practice to use an adjusted forward-looking term rate based on the secured 
overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), as a replacement for the London Interbank Offered Rate.  Based on the current credit 
ratings  of  OCM,  the  interest  rate  on  borrowings  is  the  term  SOFR  reference  rate  plus  1.10%  per  annum  and  the 
commitment fee on the unused portions of the revolving credit facility is 0.10% per annum.  The term SOFR reference 
rate is determined by the tenor of the borrowings and set by the CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited (CBA).  
The  credit  agreement  contains  customary  financial  covenants  and  restrictions,  including  ones  regarding  a  maximum 
leverage ratio and a minimum required level of assets under management (as defined in the credit agreement, as amended 
above).  As of December 31, 2022, the Borrowers had no outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility.

On October 14, 2021, OCM received commitments from certain accredited investors to purchase $200 million of senior 
unsecured notes that bear a 3.06% fixed rate of interest and a maturity of 2037.  The notes are guaranteed by Oaktree 
Capital I, Oaktree Capital II and Oaktree AIF, as co-obligors.  On November 4, 2021, OCM and the co-obligors entered 
into  a  note  and  guaranty  agreement.    The  offering  closed  on  January  12,  2022  and  OCM  received  proceeds  of  $200 
million on the closing date.  

FORM 20-F                 F-91

 
As of December 31, 2022, future scheduled principal payments of debt obligations were as follows:

2023       ............................................................................................................................................................ $ 

2024       ............................................................................................................................................................

2025       ............................................................................................................................................................

2026       ............................................................................................................................................................

2027       ............................................................................................................................................................

— 

50,000

—

100,000

—

Thereafter    ....................................................................................................................................................

900,000

Total      ........................................................................................................................................................... $ 

1,050,000 

The Borrowers were in compliance with all financial maintenance covenants associated with its senior unsecured notes 
and bank credit facility as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The  fair  value  of  the  Company’s  debt  obligations,  which  are  carried  at  amortized  cost,  is  a  Level  III  valuation  that  is 
estimated based on a discounted cash-flow calculation using estimated rates that would be offered to Oaktree for debt of 
similar terms and maturities.  The fair value of these debt obligations, gross of debt issuance costs, was $941.2 million 
and  $934.6  million  as  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  respectively,  utilizing  average  borrowing  rates  of  4.35%  and 
2.6%, respectively.

Oaktree Asset Management Operating Group Guaranty Agreements

On  March  30,  2022,  Oaktree  Capital  I  entered  into  a  note  and  guaranty  agreement  with  certain  accredited  investors 
pursuant  to  which  Oaktree  Capital  I  agreed  to  issue  and  sell  to  such  investors  €50  million  of  its  2.20%  Senior  Notes, 
Series  A,  due  2032,  €75  million  of  its  2.40%  Senior  Notes,  Series  B,  due  2034,  and  €75  million  of  its  2.58%  Senior 
Notes, Series C, due 2037. These notes are senior unsecured obligations of Oaktree Capital I, and jointly and severally 
guaranteed  by  the  Oaktree  Asset  Management  Operating  Group.  The  offering  closed  on  June  8,  2022,  and  Oaktree 
Capital I received proceeds of €200 million on the closing date.

Senior unsecured notes

€50,000, 2.20%, issued in June 2022, payable on June 8, 2032   .......................................................... $ 

€75,000, 2.40%, issued in June 2022, payable on June 8, 2034   ..........................................................

€75,000, 2.58%, issued in June 2022, payable on June 8, 2037   ..........................................................

Total remaining principal    ....................................................................................................................

Less: Debt issuance costs    .....................................................................................................................

Total debt obligations, net  ................................................................................................................. $ 

53,362 

80,044

80,044

213,450

(1,255)

212,195 

As of
December 31, 2022

F-92                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Debt Obligations of the Consolidated Funds 

Certain consolidated funds may maintain revolving credit facilities that are secured by the assets of the fund or may issue 
senior variable rate notes to fund investments on a longer term basis, generally up to ten years. The obligations of the 
consolidated funds are nonrecourse to the Company.  

The consolidated funds had the following debt obligations outstanding:

Outstanding Amount as of 
December 31

  ..... $ 

Credit Agreement
Revolving credit facilities (1)
Secured borrowings (1)
      ..............
Total debt obligations      ................
Less: Debt issuance costs     ..........
Total debt obligations, net   ......... $ 

2022

18,860  $ 
204,368
223,228
(807)
222,421  $ 

2021

Facility 
Capacity
416,949  $  64,943 
— 280,660

416,949
(2,949)
414,000 

Key terms as of December 31, 2022
Weighted 
Average 
Remaining 
Maturity 
(years)
2.33
4.45

Weighted 
Average 
Interest 
Rate
7.09%
10.73

Commitm
ent Fee 
Rate
0.96%
0.12%

L/C Fee
0
0

(1) 

The credit facility capacity is calculated on a pro rata basis using fund commitments as of December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the consolidated funds had debt obligations with an aggregate outstanding principal 
balance of $223.2 million and $416.9 million, respectively.  

Debt Obligations of CLOs

Debt obligations of CLOs represent amounts due to holders of debt securities issued by the CLOs, as well as term loans 
of CLOs that had not priced as of period end. Outstanding debt obligations of CLOs were as follows:

As of December 31, 2022

As of December 31, 2021

Fair Value 
(1)

Weighted 
Average 
Interest Rate

Weighted 
Average 
Remaining 
Maturity 
(years)

Weighted 
Average 
Interest Rate

1.75%
N/A

Fair Value 
(1)

$  7,472,521 
333,742

$  7,806,263 

Weighted 
Average 
Remaining 
Maturity 
(years)

11.0
11.2

Senior secured notes    ................ $  8,453,534 
Subordinated notes (2)      .............
292,118

4.90%
N/A

10.8
9.5

Total CLO debt obligations     ..... $  8,745,652 

(1) 

The fair value of CLO liabilities was measured as the fair value of CLO assets less the sum of (a) the fair value of any beneficial interests held 
by the Company and (b) the carrying value of any beneficial interests that represent compensation for services.  The fair value of the beneficial 
interests  was  calculated  using  a  discounted  cash  flow  model  specific  to  each  investment  structure.    Please  see  notes  2  and  6  for  more 
information, including the significant valuation inputs such as input range and weighted average rate.

(2) 

The subordinated notes do not have a contractual interest rate; instead, they receive distributions from the excess cash flows generated by the 
CLO.

The debt obligations of CLOs are nonrecourse to the Company and are backed by the investments held by the respective 
CLO.  Assets of one CLO may not be used to satisfy the liabilities of another.  As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the 
fair value of CLO assets was $9.5 billion and $9.1 billion, respectively, and consisted of cash, corporate loans, corporate 
bonds and other securities. 

FORM 20-F                 F-93

11. LEASES

The  Company  has  operating  leases  related  to  office  space  and  certain  equipment  with  remaining  lease  terms  expiring 
within one year through 2031, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to five years and some of which 
include options to terminate the leases within one year.  As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, there were no 
finance leases outstanding. 

The components of lease expense included in general and administrative expense were as follows:

Operating lease cost     .......................................................... $ 

Sublease income   ...............................................................

Total lease cost    ............................................................. $ 

17,047  $ 

(358)

16,689  $ 

17,733  $ 

(407)

17,326  $ 

20,512 

(750)

19,762 

Twelve months ended 
December 31, 2022

Twelve months ended 
December 31, 2021

Twelve months ended 
December 31, 2020

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

Twelve months ended 
December 31, 2022

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

Operating cash flows used for operating leases   ..................................................................................................... $ 

Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases (in years)   ....................................................................

Weighted average discount rate for operating leases     .................................................................................................

As of December 31, 2022, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:

2023    ............................................................................................................................................................................ $ 

2024    ............................................................................................................................................................................

2025    ............................................................................................................................................................................

2026    ............................................................................................................................................................................

2027    ............................................................................................................................................................................

Thereafter  ....................................................................................................................................................................

Total lease payments    ..............................................................................................................................................

Less: imputed interest    .............................................................................................................................................

Total operating lease liabilities  ................................................................................................................................ $ 

18,514 

6.71

 4.2 %

19,195 

18,727

18,501

18,156

7,462

30,645

112,686

(14,665)

98,021 

F-94                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

12. NON-CONTROLLING REDEEMABLE INTERESTS IN CONSOLIDATED FUNDS 

The  following  table  sets  forth  a  summary  of  changes  in  the  non-controlling  redeemable  interests  in  the  consolidated 
funds. Dividends reinvested and in-kind contributions or distributions are non-cash in nature and have been presented on 
a gross basis in the table below. 

Year Ended December 31
2021

2020

2022

Beginning balance       ............................................................................. $  2,141,523 
—
(1,834,358)
141,542
(139,901)
159,609
(5,213)
—
2,819
466,021 

Initial consolidation of a fund     ......................................................
Deconsolidation of funds  .............................................................
Contributions ................................................................................
Distributions    .................................................................................
Net income (loss)  .........................................................................
Change in distributions payable  ...................................................
Change in contribution receivable     ...............................................
Foreign-currency translation and other   ........................................
Ending balance   .................................................................................. $ 

$ 

550,747 
848,171
—
683,444
(269,445)
364,282
(25,807)
—
(9,869)
$  2,141,523 

$ 

$ 

486,021 
809,773
(742,371)
270,230
(320,583)
38,220
4,885
—
4,572
550,747 

13. EQUITY-BASED AND OTHER DEFERRED COMPENSATION 

Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards

In March 2020, the Company adopted the Oaktree Operating Group Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP”). The LTIP 
provides  for  the  granting  of  cash-based  incentive  awards  to  senior  executives,  directors,  officers,  partners,  employees, 
consultants  and  advisors  of  the  Company  and  its  affiliates.  Awards  may  be  denominated  in  U.S.  dollars  or  other 
currencies determined by the LTIP’s plan administrator. The unvested value of each LTIP award adjusts over its vesting 
period to track the performance of a fund designated by the plan administrator or by the award recipient from investment 
options selected by the plan administrator. Investment options may include funds managed by Company affiliates or by 
third  parties.  Awards  do  not  represent  an  actual  interest  in  the  funds  whose  performance  they  track.  Such  fund 
investments  are  purely  nominal  and  solely  for  the  purpose  of  calculating  the  value  of  an  award  on  each  vesting  or 
payment date. Awards under the LTIP represent only a contractual right to receive a cash payment upon vesting from the 
Company  or  the  affiliate  that  issued  the  award.  Awards  tracking  the  performance  of  funds  that  make  periodic 
distributions to their investors may provide for award recipients to receive corresponding payments from the Company or 
the affiliate issuing the award, with the remaining unvested value of the award reduced to reflect the amount of each such 
payment. Each payment under an award is fully vested upon receipt. Awards denominated in currencies other than U.S. 
dollars  which  track  the  performance  of  U.S.  dollar-denominated  funds  are  nominally  converted  into  U.S.  dollars  for 
performance tracking purposes, with amounts payable under the awards converted back into the original currency at a 
market rate at the time of each vesting payment. Certain recipients of awards denominated in currencies other than U.S. 
dollars  which  track  the  performance  of  U.S.  dollar-denominated  funds  receive  the  option  to  hedge  the  value  of  their 
awards to a currency other than U.S. dollars. All such currency hedges are calculated on a purely hypothetical basis and 
do not represent a right to participate in actual currency hedging contracts. 

For  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  the  Company  granted  LTIP  awards  valued  at  $99.2  million  and 
$86.6 million, respectively, to employees, partners and directors of the Company and its subsidiaries, subject to annual 
vesting  over  a  weighted  average  period  of  approximately  5.7  years  and  4.1  years,  respectively.  For  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, $12.6 million, $2.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of the LTIP awards were 
forfeited.  As  of  December  31,  2022,  the  Company  expected  to  recognize  compensation  expense  on  its  unvested  LTIP 
awards  of  $147.3  million,  subject  to  adjustment  based  on  future  performance,  over  a  weighted  average  period  of  3.2 
years. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $72.9 million, $56.1 million 
and $25.7 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to the LTIP, which was included in compensation and 
benefits expense in the consolidated and combined statements of operations.

Equity-Based Compensation

In December 2011, OCG adopted the 2011 Oaktree Capital Group, LLC Equity Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”).  The 
2011  Plan  provides  for  the  granting  of  options,  unit  appreciation  rights,  restricted  unit  awards,  unit  bonus  awards, 

FORM 20-F                 F-95

 
phantom  equity  awards  or  other  unit-based  awards  to  senior  executives,  directors,  officers,  certain  employees, 
consultants, and advisors of the Company and its affiliates.  As of December 31, 2022, a maximum of 23,988,048 units 
have been authorized to be awarded pursuant to the 2011 Plan, and 19,671,086 units (including 2,000,000 EVUs) have 
been awarded under the 2011 Plan, including 3,842,189 units granted under the Oaktree Equity Plan (“OEP”) in April 
2022.  Total vested and unvested Converted OCGH Units, OCGH units and Class A units issued and outstanding were 
160,002,848 as of December 31, 2022.

Restated Exchange Agreement

At the closing of the Merger, Oaktree entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Exchange Agreement (the “OCGH 
Unit  Exchange  Agreement”)  that  among  other  things,  allows  limited  partners  of  OCGH  to  exchange  (“Exchanges”) 
certain vested limited partnership units of OCGH (“OCGH Units”) for cash, Brookfield Class A Shares, notes issued by 
a Brookfield subsidiary or equity interests in a subsidiary of OCGH that entitles such limited partners to the proceeds 
from  a  note,  or  a  combination  of  the  foregoing.  Either  of  such  notes  will  have  a  three-year  maturity  and  will  accrue 
interest  at  the  then-current  5-year  treasury  note  rate  plus  3%.  Only  Converted  OCGH  Units,  OCGH  Units  issued  and 
outstanding  at  the  time  of  the  closing  of  the  Merger,  OCGH  Units  issued  after  the  closing  of  the  Merger  pursuant  to 
agreements  in  effect  on  March  13,  2019,  OCGH  Units  issuable  upon  vesting  of  certain  phantom  equity  awards 
(“Phantom Units”) and other OCGH Units consented-to by Brookfield will be, when vested, eligible to participate in an 
Exchange. Any such Exchange is subject to certain annual caps and limitations as set forth in the OCGH Unit Exchange 
Agreement. The form of the consideration in an Exchange is generally in the discretion of Brookfield, subject to certain 
limitations.

In general, OCGH limited partners are entitled to provide an election notice to participate in an Exchange with respect to 
eligible  vested  OCGH  Units  and  Converted  OCGH  Units  during  the  first  60  calendar  days  of  each  year  beginning 
January  1,  2022  (an  “Open  Period”).  In  2021  and  2020,  holders  of  Converted  OCGH  Units  and  Phantom  Units  were 
eligible to provide an election notice with respect to their vested units. Each Exchange is consummated within the first 
155 days of such calendar year, subject to extension in certain circumstances.

Valuation

Except as described below, each OCGH Unit is valued (i) by applying a 13.5x multiple to the trailing three-year average 
(or two-year average for Exchanges in 2022) of fee-related earnings less stock-based compensation at grant value and 
excluding depreciation and amortization and a 6.75x multiple to the trailing three-year average of net incentives created, 
and (ii) adding 100% of the value of net cash (defined as cash less the face value of debt and preferred stock, other than 
certain  preferred  stock  issued  in  connection  with  certain  Exchanges),  100%  of  the  value  of  corporate  investments  and 
75% of fund-level net accrued incentives as of December 31 of the prior year, in each case subject to certain adjustments.  
Amounts  received  in  respect  of  each  OCGH  Unit  will  be  reduced  by  the  amount  of  any  non-tax  related  distributions 
received in the calendar year in which the Exchange occurs, but increased by an amount accruing daily from January 1 of 
such  year  to  the  date  of  the  closing  of  the  Exchange  at  a  rate  per  annum  equal  to  the  5-year  treasury  note  rate  as  of 
December 31 of the prior year plus 3%. However, in 2020 and 2021, Converted OCGH Units and Phantom Units were 
valued  at  $49.00  per  unit,  less  the  amount  of  any  capital  distributions  received  upon  vesting.  Thereafter  any  such 
Converted OCGH Units and Phantom Units is valued using the same methodology applied to all other OCGH Units.

OCGH Unit Awards

The Company granted 102,041 OCGH units for the year ended December 31, 2022.  The Company did not grant any 
OCGH units for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Upon  completion  of  the  Merger,  each  unvested  Class  A  Unit  held  by  current,  or  in  certain  cases  former,  employees, 
officers and directors of Oaktree and its subsidiaries was converted into one unvested OCGH Unit (each, a “Converted 
OCGH  Unit”)  and  thereafter  became  subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  OCGH  limited  partnership  agreement. 
The  Converted  OCGH  Units  (i)  are  subject  to  the  same  vesting  terms  that  were  applicable  to  such  units  prior  to  the 
completion  of  the  Merger,  (ii)  are  entitled  to  receive  ongoing  distributions  in  respect  of  earnings,  but  not  capital 
distributions and (iii) upon vesting, receive the accumulated value of capital distributions that accrued while such units 
were  unvested.    Through  December  31,  2021,  Converted  OCGH  Units  will  be  exchanged  at  $49.00  per  unit,  less  the 
amount of any capital distributions received upon vesting.  Thereafter, any such Converted OCGH Units will be valued 
using the same methodology applied to all other OCGH units.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company expected to recognize compensation expense on its unvested OCGH unit awards 
of  $62.8  million  over  a  weighted  average  period  of  3.5  years.    With  respect  to  forfeitures,  the  Company  made  an 
accounting policy election to account for forfeitures when they occur. Accordingly, no forfeitures have been assumed in 
the calculation of compensation expense.  

F-96                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Oaktree Equity Plan

In April 2022, the Company established an equity participation plan (“Oaktree Equity Plan” or “OEP”), through which 
certain employees of the Company’s indirect subsidiaries participate in certain equity interests in the Oaktree Operating 
Group. 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  the  Company  granted  OEP  awards  valued  at  $35.1  million  to  certain 
employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, subject to annual vesting over a period of approximately 6.5 years. For 
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $4.0 million of compensation expense related to 
the  OEP  awards,  which  were  included  in  equity-based  compensation  expense  in  the  combined  and  consolidated 
statements of operations. Total unvested units issued were 3,842,189 units as of December 31, 2022. 

Valuation

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the grant date fair value of the OEP units. This 
model requires the Company to estimate the expected volatility and the expected term of the OEP units which are highly 
complex and subjective variables. The variables take into consideration, among other things, projected OEP unit exercise 
behavior. The Company uses a predicted volatility of its stock price during the expected life of the units that is based on 
the historical performance of the Company’s stock price as well as including an estimate using guideline companies. The 
expected term is computed using the simplified method as the Company’s best estimate given its lack of actual exercise 
history. The Company has selected a risk-free rate based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury securities with a 
maturity equivalent to the expected term of the award. Forfeitures are recognized as incurred. The OEP units were valued 
at $9.13 per unit, net of the upfront cash consideration from the employee.

Deferred Equity Unit

A deferred equity unit represents a special unit award that, when vested, will be settled with an unvested OCGH unit on a 
one-for-one basis.  The number of deferred equity units that will vest is based on the achievement of certain performance 
targets  through  June  2024.    Once  a  performance  target  has  been  met,  the  applicable  number  of  OCGH  units  will  be 
issued  and  begin  to  vest  over  periods  of  up  to  10.0  years.    The  holder  of  a  deferred  equity  unit  is  not  entitled  to  any 
distributions  until  settled  by  the  issuance  of  an  OCGH  unit.    As  of    December  31,  2022,  there  were  579,732  deferred 
equity units outstanding, of which, 102,040 units were expected to vest.

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  Oaktree  enters  into  contracts  that  contain  certain  representations,  warranties  and 
indemnifications.    The  Company’s  exposure  under  these  arrangements  would  involve  future  claims  that  have  not  yet 
been asserted.  Inasmuch as no such claims currently exist or are expected to arise, the Company has not accrued any 
liability in connection with these indemnifications. 

Legal Actions 

Oaktree,  its  affiliates,  investment  professionals,  and  portfolio  companies  are  routinely  involved  in  litigation  and  other 
legal  actions  in  the  ordinary  course  of  their  business  and  investing  activities.    In  addition,  Oaktree  is  subject  to  the 
authority  of  a  number  of  U.S.  and  non-U.S.  regulators,  including  the  SEC  and  the  Financial  Industry  Regulatory 
Authority, and those authorities periodically conduct examinations of Oaktree and make other inquiries that may result in 
the commencement of regulatory proceedings against Oaktree and its personnel.  Oaktree is currently not subject to any 
pending  actions  or  regulatory  proceedings  that  either  individually  or  in  the  aggregate  are  expected  to  have  a  material 
impact on its consolidated financial statements. 

Commitments to Funds 

As  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  the  Company,  generally  in  its  capacity  as  general  partner,  had  undrawn  capital 
commitments  of  $104.4  million  and  $118.6  million,  respectively,  including  commitments  to  both  unconsolidated  and 
consolidated funds. 

FORM 20-F                 F-97

Investment Commitments of the Consolidated Funds 

Certain of the consolidated funds are parties to credit arrangements that provide for the issuance of letters of credit and/or 
revolving loans, which may require the particular fund to extend loans to investee companies. The consolidated funds use 
the same investment criteria in making these commitments as they do for investments that are included in the combined 
and consolidated statements of financial condition. The unfunded liability associated with these credit arrangements is 
equal to the amount by which the contractual loan commitment exceeds the sum of funded debt and cash held in escrow, 
if any. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the consolidated funds had potential aggregate commitments of $6.2 million 
and  $13.5  million,  respectively.  These  commitments  are  expected  to  be  funded  by  the  funds’  cash  balances,  proceeds 
from asset sales or drawdowns against existing capital commitments.  

A consolidated fund may agree to guarantee the repayment obligations of certain investee companies. As of September 
30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no guaranteed amounts under such arrangements.

Certain  consolidated  funds  are  investment  companies  that  are  required  to  disclose  financial  support  provided  or 
contractually required to be provided to any of their portfolio companies. During the twelve months ended December 31, 
2022, the consolidated funds did not provide any financial support to portfolio companies.

Operating Leases 

Oaktree leases its main headquarters office in Los Angeles and offices in 18 other cities in the U.S., Europe, Asia and 
Australia,  pursuant  to  current  lease  terms  expiring  through  2031.  As  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  the  estimated 
aggregate minimum commitments with lease terms expiring through 2031 under leases for which the Company serves as 
lessee were $112.7 million and $130.3 million, respectively.

15. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

The Company receives a substantial portion of its management fees, incentive fees and carried interest allocation, and 
investment income from Oaktree-managed investment limited partnerships for which it serves as general partner.

Loans To Affiliates and Employees

Loans primarily consist of interest-bearing loans made to OCGH unitholders and OEP unitholders, primarily employees, 
to  purchase  or  pay  tax  obligations  related  to  equity  awards.  The  balances  of  loans  to  OCGH  unitholders  and  OEP 
unitholders were $17.6 million and $1.5 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  The carrying value of 
loan  balances  approximated  fair  value  due  to  their  short-term  nature  or  because  their  weighted  average  interest  rate 
approximated the Company’s cost of debt. The loans, which are generally recourse to the borrower or secured by vested 
equity and other collateral, typically bear interest at the Company’s cost of debt and generated interest income of $536, 
$305, and $31 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. 

On May 7, 2021 the Company, through its consolidated subsidiary OCM entered into two revolving line of credit notes 
with  Oaktree  Capital  I,  one  as  a  borrower  and  the  other  as  a  lender.  Both  revolving  line  of  credit  notes  allow  for 
outstanding  principal  amounts  not  to  exceed  $250.0  million  and  mature  on  May  7,  2024.  There  were  no  loans  from 
affiliates as of December 31, 2022 and interest expense of $10 was incurred for the year ended December 31, 2022.  As 
of December 31, 2022, OCM has lent $36.0 million to Oaktree Capital I and generated interest income of $255 for the 
year ended December 31, 2022.  As of December 31, 2021, OCM had borrowed $44.0 million from Oaktree Capital I 
and incurred interest expense of $80 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

F-98                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Due To/From Oaktree Funds 

In the normal course of business, the Company advances certain expenses on behalf of Oaktree funds.  Certain expenses 
paid by the Company, which typically are employee travel and other costs associated with particular portfolio company 
holdings, are reimbursed to the Company by the portfolio companies.  As of  December 31, 2022 and 2021, amounts due 
from  unconsolidated  Oaktree  funds  amounted  to  $115.0  million  and  $76.4  million,  respectively.    As  of  December  31, 
2022 and 2021, amounts due to unconsolidated Oaktree funds amounted to $10.6 million and $6.0 million, respectively, 
which is included in due to affiliates. 

Revenues Earned From Oaktree Funds

In aggregate, management fees, incentive fees, and carried interest allocation earned from unconsolidated Oaktree funds 
totaled $1.3 billion, $1.4 billion and $811.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Other Investment Transactions

The  Company’s  senior  executives,  directors  and  senior  professionals  are  permitted  to  invest  their  own  capital  (or  the 
capital of family trusts or other estate planning vehicles they control) in Oaktree funds, for which they typically pay the 
particular fund’s management fee but not its incentive allocation.  To facilitate the funding of capital calls by funds in 
which  employees  are  invested,  the  Company  periodically  advances  on  a  short-term  basis  the  capital  calls  on  certain 
employees’ behalf.  These advances are reimbursed generally toward the end of the calendar quarter in which the capital 
calls occurred.  Amounts advanced by the Company are included within “non-interest bearing advances made to certain 
non-controlling interest holders and employees” in the table above.

Aircraft Services 

OCM owns an aircraft for business purposes.  Howard Marks, the Company’s Co-Chairman, may use this aircraft for 
personal  travel  and  will  reimburse  OCM  to  the  extent  his  use  of  the  aircraft  for  personal  travel  exceeds  a  certain 
threshold pursuant to an Oaktree policy.  Oaktree also provides certain senior executives a personal travel allowance for 
private aircraft usage up to a certain threshold pursuant to the same Oaktree policy.  Additionally, Oaktree occasionally 
makes use of an aircraft owned by one of its senior executives for business purposes at a price to Oaktree that is based on 
market rates.

Special Allocations 

Certain senior executives receive special allocations based on a percentage of profits of the Oaktree Operating Group. 
These special allocations, which are recorded as compensation expense, are made on a current basis for so long as they 
remain senior executives of the Company, with limited exceptions. 

Administrative Services

As  of  October  1,  2019,  OCM  provides  certain  administrative  and  other  services  relating  to  the  operations  of  OCG’s 
business  pursuant  to  a  Services  Agreement  between  OCG  and  OCM  (as  amended  from  time  to  time,  the  “Services 
Agreement”). 

On  an  annual  basis,  OCG  will  reimburse  OCM  $750,000  of  the  costs  incurred  for  providing  these  administrative 
services.  This  reimbursement  is  payable  quarterly,  in  equal  installments,  and  relates  to  OCG’s  allocable  portion  of 
overhead and other expenses (facilities and personnel) incurred by OCM in performing its obligations under the Services 
Agreement. This amount includes OCG’s allocable portion of (i) the rent of OCG’s principal executive offices (which 
are located in a building owned by a Brookfield affiliate) at market rates and (ii) the costs of compensation and related 
expenses of various personnel at Oaktree that perform duties for OCG. The Services Agreement may be terminated by 
either party without penalty upon 90 days’ written notice to the other. 

For  each  of  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020,  OCM  earned  administrative  services  income  of 
$0.8 million. 

Leases

The Company leases certain office space from affiliates of Brookfield.  Rent expense associated with these leases was 
$4.5  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020.    Future  lease  obligations  associated  with  these 
leases are $44.1 million for the remaining lease commitments through 2030.

Subordinated Credit Facility

On  May  19,  2020,  Oaktree  entered  into  a  credit  agreement  with  a  subsidiary  of  Brookfield  that  provides  for  a 
subordinated  credit  facility  maturing  on  May  19,  2023.    The  subordinated  credit  facility  has  a  revolving  loan 
commitment of $250 million and borrowings generally bear interest at a spread to either LIBOR or an alternative base 

FORM 20-F                 F-99

rate.  Borrowings on the subordinated credit facility are subordinate to the outstanding debt obligations and borrowings 
on the primary credit facility as detailed in note 9.  Oaktree Operating Group members as co-borrowers are jointly and 
severally liable for outstanding borrowings on the subordinated credit facility.  In March 2022, this credit facility was 
amended  to  extend  the  revolving  credit  maturity  date  from  May  19,  2023  to  September  14,  2026.    No  amounts  were 
outstanding on the subordinated credit facility as of December 31, 2022.

Brookfield Oaktree Wealth Solutions

In  April  2021,  the  Company  and  Brookfield  formed  a  strategic  partnership,  Brookfield  Oaktree  Wealth  Solutions,  to 
enhance  both  firms’  ability  to  raise  capital  through  North  American  financial  intermediaries  such  as  brokerage  firms, 
banks and registered investment advisors. The Company reimburses Brookfield for their share of expenses on a quarterly 
basis.  For  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  respectively,  the  Company  recorded  $8.0  million  and  $2.8 
million related to these reimbursements, which were included in general and administrative expense in the combined and 
consolidated  statements  of  operations.  As  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  respectively,  the  Company  recorded  $2.0 
million and $2.8 million in due to affiliates on the statement of financial condition. 

Management Fees

The  Company  recorded  management  fees  from  Brookfield  of  $7.5  million,  $0.6  million  and  $0  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. 

16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 

Unit Distribution 

A distribution of $0.53 per unit was paid on February 24, 2023 to holders of record at the close of business on February 
15, 2023.

F-100                 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Brookfield.com

NYSE: BAM  

TSX: BAM

BROOKFIELD CORPORATE OFFICES

United States

Brookfield Place 

250 Vesey Street 

15th Floor 

New York, NY 

10281-0221 

+1.212.417.7000

Canada

United Kingdom

Australia

Brookfield Place 

One Canada Square 

Brookfield Place 

181 Bay Street, Suite 100 

Level 25 

Level 19 

Bay Wellington Tower 

Toronto, ON M5J 2T3 

+1.416.363.9491

Canary Wharf 

London  E14 5AA 

+44.20.7659.3500

10 Carrington Street 

Sydney, NSW 2000 

+61.2.9158.5100

Brazil

United Arab Emirates

India 

Avenida das Nações Unidas, 

Level 24, ICD Brookfield Place 

Unit 1 

China

Unit 01, 11F 

Al Mustaqbal Street, DIFC 

4th Floor, Godrej BKC 

Tower C, One East 

P.O. Box 507234 

Bandra Kurla Complex 

No. 768 South Zhongshan 1st Road 

Mumbai 400 051 

+91.22.6600.0700

Huangpu District, Shanghai 

200023 

+86.21.2306.0700

14.261 

Edifício WT Morumbi  

Ala B - 20º andar  

Dubai 

Morumbi - São Paulo - SP 

+971.4.597.0100

CEP 04794-000 

+55 (11) 2540.9150

OAKTREE CORPORATE OFFICES

United States

United States

United Kingdom

Hong Kong

333 South Grand Avenue  

1301 Avenue of the Americas 

Verde 

Suite 2001, 20/F 

28th Floor 

Los Angeles, CA  90071 

+1.213.830.6300

34th Floor 

New York, NY 10019 

+1.212.284.1900

10 Bressenden Place 

Champion Tower 

London SW1E 5DH 

+44.20.7201.4600

3 Garden Road 

Central 

+852.3655.6800

REGIONAL OFFICES (BROOKFIELD & OAKTREE)

North America

South America

Europe / UAE

Asia Pacific

Bogotá 

Lima 

Bermuda 

Brentwood 

Calgary 

Chicago 

Houston 

Los Angeles 

Stamford 

Vancouver

Amsterdam 

Dublin 

Frankfurt 

Helsinki 

Luxembourg 

Paris 

Madrid 

Dubai

Sydney 

Beijing 

Hong Kong 

Shanghai 

Seoul 

Singapore 

Tokyo